太原申铁蟾,好以香奁艳体,寓不遇之感。尝谒某公未见,戏为无题诗曰:垩粉围墙罨画楼,隔窗闻拨细箜篌,分无信使通青鸟,枉遣游人驻紫骝,月姊定应随顾兔,星娥可止待牵牛,垂杨疏处雕栊近,只恨珠帘不上钩。殊有玉溪生风致。王近光曰:似不应疑及织女,诬蔑仙灵。余曰:已矣哉,织女别黄姑,一年一度一相见,彼此隔河何事无。元微之诗也。海客乘差上紫氛,星娥罢织一相闻,只应不惮牵牛妒,故把支机石赠君。李义山诗也。微之之意,在于双文;义山之意,在于令狐。文士掉弄笔墨,借为比喻,初与织女无涉,铁蟾此语,亦犹元李之志云尔,未为诬蔑仙灵也。至于纯构虚词,宛如实事,指其时地,撰以姓名,灵怪集所载郭翰遇织女事--灵怪集今佚,此条见太平广记六十八,则悖妄之甚矣。夫词人引用,鱼猎百家,原不能一一核实,然过于诬罔,亦不可不知。盖自庄列寓言,借以抒意,战国诸子,杂说弥多,谶纬稗官,递相祖述,遂有肆无忌惮之时。如李冗独异志,诬伏羲兄妹为夫妇,已属丧心;张华博物志,更诬及尼山,尤为狂吠--案张华不应悖妄至此,殆后人依托。如是者不一而足,今尚流传,可为痛恨。又有依傍史文,穿凿锻炼,如汉书贾谊传,有太守吴公爱幸之之语,骈语雕龙--此书明人所撰,陈枚刻之,不著作者姓名--遂列长沙于娈童类中,注曰:大儒为龙阳。史记高(gao)帝本(ben)纪称,母媪在大(da)泽中,太公(gong)往视,见(jian)有(you)蛟龙(long)(long)其(qi)上(shang),晁以道诗遂有(you)杀(sha)翁(weng)分我一(yi)杯(bei)羹,龙(long)(long)种(zhong)由来事杳(yao)冥句,以高(gao)帝乃(nai)龙(long)(long)交所生,非太公(gong)子。左传有(you)成风私事季友,敬(jing)嬴私事襄仲之文,私事云(yun)者,密相交结以谋立其(qi)子而(er)(er)已。后儒拘泥私字,虽(sui)朱子亦有(you)砜是大(da)恶之言,如(ru)是者亦不一(yi)而(er)(er)足。学者当考校真妄,均不可炫博矜(jin)奇,遽执(zhi)为谈(tan)柄(bing)也(ye)。
从叔梅庵公(gong)(gong),言族中有二(er)少(shao)年--此余(yu)小时闻公(gong)(gong)所(suo)说(shuo),忘(wang)其(qi)字(zi)号,大概是伯叔行也(ye),闻某(mou)墓中有狐迹(ji),夜(ye)携铳往(wang),共伏草(cao)中伺之(zhi),以(yi)(yi)背相(xiang)倚(yi)而(er)(er)(er)睡(shui),醒则两人之(zhi)发交结为(wei)一,贯穿缭绕,猝不(bu)可解,互相(xiang)牵掣(che)不(bu)能(neng)行,亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)能(neng)立(li),稍稍转动(dong),即(ji)彼(bi)此呼痛,胶扰彻晓,望见(jian)行路(lu)者,始呼至,断(duan)以(yi)(yi)佩刀(dao),狼狈而(er)(er)(er)返。愤欲往(wang)报,父老曰(yue):彼(bi)无(wu)形声,非力(li)所(suo)胜,且无(wu)故(gu)而(er)(er)(er)侵彼(bi),理(li)亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)直,侮实自(zi)召(zhao),又何仇焉(yan)。仇必败滋(zi)甚,二(er)人乃止。此狐小虐(nve)之(zhi)使警,不(bu)深(shen)创之(zhi),以(yi)(yi)激(ji)(ji)其(qi)必报,亦(yi)(yi)可谓善(shan)自(zi)全矣。然小虐(nve)亦(yi)(yi)足以(yi)(yi)激(ji)(ji)怒,不(bu)如敛戢(ji)勿动(dong),使伺之(zhi)无(wu)迹(ji)弥善(shan)也(ye)。
太和门丹墀(chi)下有石匮(kui),莫知何(he)名,亦莫知所贮(zhu)何(he)物,德脊斋(zhai)前辈--脊斋(zhai)名德保(bao),与定圃(pu)前辈同(tong)名,乾(qian)隆壬戌(xu)进士(shi),官(guan)至(zhi)翰林院侍(shi)读,故当时(shi)以(yi)大德保(bao)小德保(bao)别之(zhi)云--云,图(tu)裕斋(zhai)之(zhi)先(xian)德,昔督(du)理殿工时(shi)曾开视(shi)之(zhi)。以(yi)问裕斋(zhai),曰:信然(ran),其中皆(jie)黄色细屑,仅半匮(kui)不能满,凝结如土坯,谛审(shen)似是(shi)米谷(gu)岁久所化也(ye)。余谓丹墀(chi)左之(zhi)石阙,既贮(zhu)嘉种,则此为五(wu)谷(gu),于(yu)理较近(jin)。且大驾卤簿中,象背宝(bao)瓶,亦贮(zhu)五(wu)谷(gu),盖稼穑维宝(bao),古训相传,八政首(shou)食,见于(yu)洪范(fan),定制之(zhi)意,诚(cheng)渊乎(hu)远矣。
宣武门(men)子城(cheng)内,如培者五(wu)(wu),砌之以砖,土人云(yun)五(wu)(wu)火神墓(mu)。明成(cheng)祖北征时,用火仁火义火礼火智火信(xin),制飞(fei)炮,破元兵(bing)于(yu)乱柴(chai)沟(gou),后以其(qi)术太(tai)精,恐或(huo)为(wei)变,杀而(er)葬(zang)于(yu)是,立五(wu)(wu)竿于(yu)丽谯(qiao)侧,岁时祭之,使(shi)鬼有(you)所(suo)归,不为(wei)厉焉。后成(cheng)祖转生为(wei)庄烈(lie)帝,五(wu)(wu)人转生李(li)自成(cheng)张献忠诸贼,乃(nai)复仇也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)齐东之语(yu),非惟正史无此(ci)(ci)(ci)文,即明一代(dai)稗官小说,充(chong)栋(dong)汗牛,亦从未言(yan)(yan)(yan)及斯人斯事也(ye)。戊子秋(qiu),余(yu)见(jian)汉军步校董某,言(yan)(yan)(yan)闻(wen)之京营(ying)旧(jiu)卒云(yun),此(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)平(ping)也(ye)。京城(cheng)地势,惟宣武门(men)最低,衢巷之水(shui),遇雨(yu)皆汇于(yu)子城(cheng),每夜雨(yu)太(tai)骤,守卒即起,视此(ci)(ci)(ci)培确,水(shui)将及顶,则呼开门(men)以泄之,没(mei)顶则门(men)扉为(wei)水(shui)所(suo)壅,不能启(qi)矣。今日久渐(jian)忘,故(gu)或(huo)有(you)时阻碍也(ye)。其(qi)城(cheng)上五(wu)(wu)竿,则与白塔信(xin)炮相(xiang)表里,设(she)闻(wen)信(xin)炮,则昼悬旗,夜悬灯耳。与五(wu)(wu)火神何与哉。此(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)似乎(hu)近理,当(dang)有(you)所(suo)受之。
科场拨(bo)卷(juan),受拨(bo)者(zhe)意(yi)(yi)多不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)惬(qie),此(ci)亦(yi)人(ren)情,然(ran)亦(yi)视(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)卷(juan)何(he)如耳。壬(ren)午顺(shun)天乡试(shi),余充同考官,时(shi)阅卷(juan)尚(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)回避本省,得(de)一(yi)合字卷(juan),文甚(shen)工而诗(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)佳,因甫改试(shi)诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)制,可以(yi)(yi)(yi)恕论,遂呈荐主考梁(liang)文庄公,已(yi)(yi)取中矣。临(lin)填草(cao)榜,梁(liang)公病其(qi)(qi)何(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)改乎此(ci)度句,侵下文改字--题(ti)(ti)为始吾于(yu)人(ren)也(ye)四(si)句--驳落,别(bie)拨(bo)一(yi)合字备卷(juan),与(yu)余先视(shi)(shi),其(qi)(qi)诗(shi)第(di)六联曰(yue):素娥寒对(dui)影,顾兔(tu)夜眠香--题(ti)(ti)为月(yue)中桂(gui)(gui),己喜(xi)其(qi)(qi)秀逸,及观(guan)其(qi)(qi)第(di)七联曰(yue):倚(yi)树思吴(wu)质(zhi),吟诗(shi)忆许(xu)棠,遂跃然(ran)曰(yue):吴(wu)刚字质(zhi),故李贺李凭(ping)箜(kong)篌引曰(yue):吴(wu)质(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)眠倚(yi)桂(gui)(gui)树,露脚斜(xie)飞湿寒兔(tu),此(ci)诗(shi)选本皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)录(lu),非曾见(jian)(jian)昌(chang)谷集者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)也(ye)。华州试(shi)月(yue)中桂(gui)(gui)诗(shi)举许(xu)棠为第(di)一(yi)人(ren),棠诗(shi)今不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)传(chuan),非曾见(jian)(jian)王定保摭言(yan)、计敏夫(fu)唐诗(shi)纪(ji)事者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)也(ye),中彼卷(juan)之(zhi)(zhi)开花临(lin)上(shang)(shang)界,持斧有仙郎,何(he)如中此(ci)诗(shi)乎?微(wei)公拨(bo)入(ru),亦(yi)自愿易之(zhi)(zhi)。即朱子(zi)(zi)颖(ying)也(ye)。放榜后,时(shi)已(yi)(yi)九月(yue),贫(pin)无(wu)絮衣(yi)(yi),蒋心余素与(yu)唱和,借衣(yi)(yi)与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)来(lai)见(jian)(jian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)所作诗(shi)为贽。余丙子(zi)(zi)扈从古北口(kou)时(shi),车马(ma)拥塞,就旅舍(she)小憩,见(jian)(jian)壁上(shang)(shang)一(yi)诗(shi),剥残过(guo)半,惟(wei)三四(si)句可辨,最爱其(qi)(qi)一(yi)水涨喧人(ren)语(yu)外(wai),万(wan)山(shan)青到马(ma)蹄(ti)前二(er)语(yu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)为云中路绕巴山(shan)色(se),树里河流(liu)汉水声,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是过(guo)也(ye)。惜不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)姓名(ming),及展其(qi)(qi)卷(juan),此(ci)诗(shi)在焉(yan),乃(nai)知(zhi)芥契合,已(yi)(yi)在六七年(nian)前,相(xiang)与(yu)叹息者(zhe)久之(zhi)(zhi)。子(zi)(zi)颖(ying)待余最尽礼(li),殁后,其(qi)(qi)二(er)子(zi)(zi)承父之(zhi)(zhi)志,见(jian)(jian)余尚(shang)依(yi)依(yi)有情。翰墨(mo)因缘,良非偶尔。何(he)尝以(yi)(yi)(yi)拨(bo)房为亲(qin)疏哉。余严江舟中诗(shi)曰(yue):山(shan)色(se)空濛淡似烟,参差(cha)绿到大江边(bian),斜(xie)阳流(liu)水推篷坐,处处随人(ren)欲上(shang)(shang)船(chuan)。实从万(wan)山(shan)句夺胎。尝以(yi)(yi)(yi)语(yu)子(zi)(zi)颖(ying)曰(yue):人(ren)言(yan)青出于(yu)蓝,今日(ri)乃(nai)蓝出于(yu)青。子(zi)(zi)颖(ying)虽逊谢,意(yi)(yi)似默可。此(ci)亦(yi)诗(shi)坛之(zhi)(zhi)佳话(hua),并附录(lu)于(yu)此(ci)。
先师介(jie)野(ye)园先生,官(guan)礼(li)部侍(shi)郎,扈(hu)从(cong)南巡,卒(zu)于路。卒(zu)前一夕,有(you)(you)星陨(yun)于舟前,卒(zu)后(hou)京师尚未(wei)知,施夫人梦公(gong)(gong)乘(cheng)马至(zhi)门前,骑(qi)从(cong)甚都,然(ran)伫立(li)不(bu)(bu)肯入,但遣人传语曰:家中(zhong)好自料理,吾(wu)去矣。匆(cong)匆(cong)竟过,梦中(zhong)以(yi)为时(shi)方扈(hu)从(cong),疑或有(you)(you)急差(cha)遣,故不(bu)(bu)暇入。觉(jue)后(hou)乃惊怛,比凶问至(zhi),即(ji)公(gong)(gong)卒(zu)之(zhi)夜(ye)也。公(gong)(gong)屡掌(zhang)文(wen)柄,凡四(si)主会试(shi),四(si)主乡试(shi),其他(ta)杂试(shi),殆不(bu)(bu)可(ke)缕数,尝有(you)(you)恩荣宴(yan)诗曰:鹦(ying)鹉新班宴(yan)御园,(案(an)鹦(ying)鹉新班,不(bu)(bu)知出典(dian),当时(shi)拟问公(gong)(gong),竟因循忘(wang)之(zhi))摧颓老(lao)鹤(he)也乘(cheng)轩,龙津(jin)桥上(shang)黄金榜,四(si)见门生作状(zhuang)元。丁丑年(nian)作也。于文(wen)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)亦赠以(yi)联曰:天下文(wen)章同轨辙(zhe),门墙桃(tao)李半(ban)公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)。可(ke)谓(wei)儒者之(zhi)至(zhi)荣。然(ran)日者推公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)命,云终于一品武阶(jie),他(ta)日或以(yi)将(jiang)军(jun)出镇耶?公(gong)(gong)笑曰:信(xin)如君言,则将(jiang)军(jun)不(bu)(bu)好武矣。及(ji)公(gong)(gong)卒(zu),圣心悼惜,特赠都统。盖(gai)公(gong)(gong)虽官(guan)礼(li)曹,而兼摄副都统。其扈(hu)从(cong)也,以(yi)副都统班行,故即(ji)武秩进一阶(jie)。日者之(zhi)术(shu),亦可(ke)云有(you)(you)验矣。
乩仙多伪托古人,然亦时有小验。温铁山前辈--名温敏,乙丑进士,官至盛京侍郎。尝遇扶乩者,问寿几何,乩判曰:甲子年华有二秋。以为当六十二,后二年卒,乃知二秋为二年,盖灵鬼时亦能前知也。又闻山东巡抚国公,扶乩问寿,乩判曰:不知。问仙人岂有所不知?判曰:他人可知,公则不可知,修短有数常,人尽其所禀而已。若封疆重镇,操生杀予夺之权,一政善,则千百万人受其福,寿可以增一政;不善,则千百万人受其祸,寿亦可以减。此即司命之神,不能预为注定,何况于吾?岂不闻苏盫误杀二人,减二年寿,娄师德亦误杀二人,减十年寿耶?然则年命之事,公当自问,不必问吾也。此言乃凿然中理,恐所遇竟真仙矣。