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纪昀《阅微草堂笔记》卷二十二 滦阳续录四 在线阅读

[移动版] 作者:纪昀

刘香畹言,有老(lao)儒宿于亲串家(jia),俄主人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)婿至,无赖子也(ye),彼此(ci)(ci)气味不(bu)(bu)(bu)相入,皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)愿同住一(yi)(yi)屋(wu),乃移(yi)老(lao)儒于别室(shi),其(qi)(qi)婿睨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)笑,莫喻其(qi)(qi)故(gu)也(ye)。室(shi)亦雅洁,笔砚(yan)(yan)书(shu)(shu)籍(ji)皆具,老(lao)儒于灯(deng)下写书(shu)(shu)寄家(jia),忽(hu)一(yi)(yi)女子立(li)灯(deng)下,色不(bu)(bu)(bu)甚丽,而(er)(er)风致颇闲雅,老(lao)儒知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)(gui),然殊(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)畏(wei),举(ju)手指灯(deng)曰(yue):既来此(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可闲立(li),可剪烛。女子遽灭其(qi)(qi)灯(deng),逼而(er)(er)对立(li),老(lao)儒怒,急(ji)以手摩砚(yan)(yan)上(shang)墨沉(chen),掴其(qi)(qi)面而(er)(er)涂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):以此(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)识,明日寻汝(ru)尸,锉而(er)(er)焚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。鬼(gui)(gui)呀然一(yi)(yi)声去,次日以告主人(ren)(ren),主人(ren)(ren)曰(yue):原有婢(bi)死(si)于此(ci)(ci)室(shi),夜每出(chu)扰人(ren)(ren),故(gu)惟白昼(zhou)与客坐(zuo),夜无人(ren)(ren)宿,昨无地(di)安(an)置君,揣君耆德(de)硕学,鬼(gui)(gui)必不(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)虞其(qi)(qi)仍现形(xing)也(ye)。乃悟(wu)其(qi)(qi)婿窃笑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)。此(ci)(ci)鬼(gui)(gui)多以月下行院中,后家(jia)人(ren)(ren)或有偶遇者,即掩面急(ji)走,他日留心伺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),面上(shang)仍墨污狼藉。鬼(gui)(gui)有形(xing)无质,不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)何以能受(shou)色,当仍是(shi)有质之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物,久(jiu)成精魅,借(jie)婢(bi)幻(huan)形(xing)耳(er)。酉阳杂俎曰(yue):郭元振(zhen)(zhen)尝山居中夜,有人(ren)(ren)面如盘,努目出(chu)于灯(deng)下。元振(zhen)(zhen)染翰题其(qi)(qi)颊(jia)曰(yue):久(jiu)戍人(ren)(ren)偏老(lao),长征马不(bu)(bu)(bu)肥。其(qi)(qi)物遂灭。后随樵闲步,见巨木上(shang)有白耳(er),大数斗,所题句在焉。是(shi)亦一(yi)(yi)证也(ye)。

乌鲁木齐农(nong)家(jia),多就水(shui)灌(guan)田,就田起屋,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)比闾而(er)居(ju),往往有自筑(zhu)数椽,四无(wu)(wu)(wu)邻舍(she),如杜工部诗所(suo)谓(wei)一(yi)(yi)家(jia)村者。且人(ren)(ren)无(wu)(wu)(wu)徭役,地(di)无(wu)(wu)(wu)丈量(liang),纳三十(shi)亩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)税,即可坐耕(geng)数百亩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)产。故(gu)深岩穷谷,此(ci)(ci)类(lei)尤多。有吉(ji)木萨军士,入(ru)山(shan)行(xing)猎(lie),望见(jian)一(yi)(yi)家(jia),门(men)(men)户坚闭(bi),而(er)院中(zhong)似有十(shi)余马(ma),鞍辔悉具,度(du)必(bi)玛(ma)(ma)(ma)哈沁所(suo)据(ju),噪而(er)围之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。玛(ma)(ma)(ma)哈沁见(jian)势众,弃锅帐突围去(qu)。众惮其(qi)(qi)死斗,亦(yi)遂不(bu)(bu)追。入(ru)门(men)(men)见(jian)骸骨狼(lang)籍,寂无(wu)(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren),惟隐隐有泣声,寻视见(jian)幼(you)童(tong)约十(shi)三四,裸体悬窗(chuang)棂上,解(jie)缚问之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曰:玛(ma)(ma)(ma)哈沁四日(ri)前来,父兄与斗不(bu)(bu)胜(sheng),即一(yi)(yi)家(jia)并(bing)被(bei)(bei)缚,率一(yi)(yi)日(ri)牵二(er)人(ren)(ren)至(zhi)山(shan)溪(xi)洗濯(zhuo)曳归(gui),共脔割炙食(shi),男(nan)妇七八人(ren)(ren)并(bing)尽矣。今日(ri)临行(xing),洗濯(zhuo)我毕,将(jiang)就食(shi),中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)摇手止之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),虽不(bu)(bu)解(jie)额鲁特语(yu),观其(qi)(qi)指(zhi)画,似欲支解(jie)为数段,各携于(yu)马(ma)上为粮。幸兵至(zhi)弃去(qu),今得更生(sheng)。泣絮絮不(bu)(bu)止,闵(min)其(qi)(qi)孤苦,引归(gui)营中(zhong)姑(gu)使执(zhi)杂役,童(tong)子(zi)(zi)因言其(qi)(qi)家(jia)尚有物,埋窖中(zhong),营弁使导往发掘,则(ze)银币衣物甚(shen)多。细询童(tong)子(zi)(zi),乃知其(qi)(qi)父兄并(bing)劫(jie)盗,其(qi)(qi)行(xing)劫(jie)必(bi)于(yu)驿路近山(shan)处,皔见(jian)一(yi)(yi)二(er)车(che)孤行(xing),前后十(shi)里无(wu)(wu)(wu)援(yuan)者,突起杀其(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren),即以(yi)车(che)载尸(shi)入(ru)深山(shan),至(zhi)车(che)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)通,则(ze)合手以(yi)巨(ju)斧碎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与尸(shi)及(ji)幞被(bei)(bei)并(bing)投于(yu)绝(jue)涧,惟以(yi)马(ma)驮货去(qu)。再至(zhi)马(ma)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)通,则(ze)又投羁泄于(yu)绝(jue)涧,纵马(ma)任其(qi)(qi)所(suo)往,共负之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由鸟道(dao)归(gui)。计去(qu)行(xing)劫(jie)处数百里矣。归(gui)而(er)窖藏一(yi)(yi)两年(nian),乃使人(ren)(ren)伪为商贩(fan),绕道(dao)至(zhi)辟展(zhan)诸处卖于(yu)市,故(gu)多年(nian)无(wu)(wu)(wu)觉(jue)者,而(er)不(bu)(bu)虞(yu)玛(ma)(ma)(ma)哈沁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灭(mie)其(qi)(qi)门(men)(men)也。童(tong)子(zi)(zi)以(yi)幼(you)免(mian)连坐,后亦(yi)牧马(ma)坠崖死,遂无(wu)(wu)(wu)遗(yi)种(zhong)。此(ci)(ci)事余在(zai)军幕所(suo)经理(li),以(yi)盗已死遂置无(wu)(wu)(wu)论。由今思之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)(ci)盗踪(zong)迹诡秘,猝不(bu)(bu)易(yi)缉(ji),乃有玛(ma)(ma)(ma)哈沁来,以(yi)报其(qi)(qi)惨(can)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)。玛(ma)(ma)(ma)哈沁食(shi)人(ren)(ren)无(wu)(wu)(wu)餍(yan),乃留一(yi)(yi)童(tong)子(zi)(zi),以(yi)明其(qi)(qi)召祸(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由,此(ci)(ci)中(zhong)似有神理(li),非偶然也。盗姓名(ming)久忘(wang),惟童(tong)子(zi)(zi)坠崖时(shi),所(suo)司牒报记名(ming)秋儿云。

佃户刘破车妇(fu)云,尝一日早(zao)起,乘凉扫院(yuan)(yuan),见屋后草棚中(zhong),有二人(ren)裸卧,惊(jing)呼其(qi)夫来,则(ze)邻人(ren)之(zhi)女(nv)与其(qi)月(yue)(yue)作人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。并僵卧,似已(yi)死,俄邻人(ren)亦(yi)至(zhi)(zhi),心知(zhi)其(qi)故而(er)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)何(he)(he)以至(zhi)(zhi)此(ci),以姜(jiang)汤灌醒(xing),不(bu)(bu)能自讳,云久相(xiang)约,而(er)逼仄无(wu)隙地(di)(di),乘雨(yu)后墙缺(que),天(tian)又阴(yin)晦,知(zhi)破车草棚无(wu)人(ren),遂藉草私会。倦而(er)憩,尚相(xiang)恋未起,忽云破月(yue)(yue)来,皎然如昼,回顾棚中(zhong),坐有七八鬼(gui)(gui),指(zhi)点挪俞,遂惊(jing)怖失魂,至(zhi)(zhi)今始醒(xing)。众以为(wei)奇(qi)(qi)。破车妇(fu)云,我家故无(wu)鬼(gui)(gui),欲观戏剧,随之(zhi)而(er)来。先从(cong)兄懋(mao)园(yuan)曰:何(he)(he)处无(wu)鬼(gui)(gui),何(he)(he)处无(wu)鬼(gui)(gui),观戏剧但人(ren)有见有不(bu)(bu)见耳。此(ci)事不(bu)(bu)奇(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。因(yin)忆福建盩关公(gong)馆,俗谓之(zhi)水口(kou),大学士杨公(gong)督闽浙时所(suo)(suo)重建,值余出(chu)巡,语余曰:公(gong)至(zhi)(zhi)水口(kou)公(gong)馆,夜(ye)有所(suo)(suo)见,慎勿(wu)怖,不(bu)(bu)为(wei)害也(ye)(ye)(ye)。余尝宿是地(di)(di),已(yi)下(xia)键(jian)睡(shui),因(yin)天(tian)暑,移床(chuang)近窗,隔纱幌视天(tian)晴阴(yin),时虽月(yue)(yue)黑,而(er)檐挂六灯尚未烬,见院(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)黑影,略似人(ren)形,在阶前或(huo)(huo)坐或(huo)(huo)卧或(huo)(huo)行或(huo)(huo)立(li),而(er)寂然无(wu)一声。夜(ye)半再视之(zhi),仍在,至(zhi)(zhi)鸡鸣乃(nai)渐渐缩入地(di)(di)。试(shi)问驿(yi)吏,均不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。余曰:公(gong)为(wei)使相(xiang),当有鬼(gui)(gui)神为(wei)阴(yin)从(cong),余焉有是。公(gong)曰:不(bu)(bu)然,仙霞关内,此(ci)地(di)(di)为(wei)水陆要冲,用(yong)兵者所(suo)(suo)必争(zheng),明季唐王(wang),国初(chu)郑氏(shi)耿氏(shi),战斗(dou)杀伤(shang),不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)其(qi)几,此(ci)其(qi)沉沦之(zhi)魄,乘室宇(yu)空虚而(er)窃据,有大官来则(ze)避(bi)而(er)出(chu)耳。此(ci)亦(yi)足证无(wu)处无(wu)鬼(gui)(gui)之(zhi)说(shuo)。

老(lao)仆施祥(xiang)尝曰(yue)(yue):天下惟鬼最(zui)痴(chi),鬼据(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)室,人(ren)多不(bu)(bu)(bu)往,偶(ou)然(ran)有客来宿,不(bu)(bu)(bu)过暂居耳,暂让之(zhi)(zhi)何害,而(er)(er)必出扰之(zhi)(zhi),遇禄命重(zhong)、血气刚者,多自败(bai),甚(shen)或符(fu)录(lu)核治(zhi),更蹈不(bu)(bu)(bu)测(ce)。即(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran),而(er)(er)人(ren)既不(bu)(bu)(bu)居,屋(wu)必不(bu)(bu)(bu)葺,久而(er)(er)自圯,汝又(you)何归耶?老(lao)仆刘文斗(dou)曰(yue)(yue):此语(yu)诚有理。然(ran)谁(shei)能(neng)传与鬼知(zhi),汝毋乃更痴(chi)于鬼。姚安公闻之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):刘文斗(dou)正(zheng)患(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)痴(chi)耳。祥(xiang)小字(zi)举儿,与姚安公同庚(geng),八岁即(ji)为公伴(ban)读,数(shu)年始能(neng)暗诵(song)千字(zi)文,开卷(juan)乃不(bu)(bu)(bu)识(shi)一字(zi)。然(ran)天性忠直,视主人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)事如(ru)己事,虽(sui)(sui)嫌怨不(bu)(bu)(bu)避。尔时家中外倚祥(xiang),内倚廖(liao)媪,故百事皆井井。雍(yong)正(zheng)甲寅(yin),余年十(shi)一,元夜偶(ou)买玩物,祥(xiang)启张太夫(fu)人(ren)曰(yue)(yue):四官今(jin)日游(you)灯市,买杂物若干,钱固不(bu)(bu)(bu)足惜,先(xian)生明日即(ji)开馆,不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)顾(gu)戏弄耶?顾(gu)读书耶?太夫(fu)人(ren)首(shou)肯曰(yue)(yue):汝言是。即(ji)收而(er)(er)键诸箧(qie)。此虽(sui)(sui)细事,实言人(ren)所难言也。今(jin)眼(yan)中遂无此人(ren),徘(pai)徊四顾(gu),远想慨然(ran)。

先兄晴湖第(di)四子汝来(lai),幼韶秀,余(yu)最(zui)爱之。亦(yi)(yi)(yi)颇知读书(shu),娶妇生子后(hou),忽(hu)患(huan)颠狂(kuang),如无人料理(li),即(ji)发不(bu)理(li),面不(bu)盥,夏或(huo)(huo)衣絮,冬或(huo)(huo)衣葛,不(bu)自(zi)知也。然(ran)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)无疾(ji)病,似寒暑不(bu)侵者,呼(hu)(hu)之食(shi)即(ji)食(shi),不(bu)呼(hu)(hu)之食(shi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)索(suo),或(huo)(huo)自(zi)取市中饼饵,呼(hu)(hu)儿童共食(shi),不(bu)问其价,所残(can)剩亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)顾惜,或(huo)(huo)一两日觅之不(bu)得(de),忽(hu)自(zi)归。一日遍索(suo)无迹(ji),或(huo)(huo)云村外(wai)柳林内似仿佛有人,趋(qu)视,已端坐僵矣。其为(wei)迷惑(huo)而死,未可知也。其或(huo)(huo)自(zi)有所得(de),托以混迹(ji),缘尽(jin)而化(hua)去,亦(yi)(yi)(yi)未可知也。忆(yi)余(yu)从福建归里(li)时,见余(yu)犹跪拜如礼,拜讫,卒然(ran)曰(yue):叔大辛(xin)苦。余(yu)曰(yue):是无奈(nai)何。又卒然(ran)曰(yue):叔不(bu)觉辛(xin)苦耶?默(mo)默(mo)退去,后(hou)思其言,似若有意(yi),故至今终(zhong)莫能测之。

姚安公言,庐江孙起山先生谒选时,贫无资斧,沿途雇驴而行,北方所谓短盘也。一日,至河间南门外,雇驴未得,大雨骤来,避民家屋檐下,主人见之,怒曰:造屋时汝未出钱,筑地时汝未出力,何无故坐此。推之立雨中,时河间犹未改题缺,起山入都,不数月竟掣得是县。赴任时此人识之,惶愧自悔,谋卖屋移家。起山闻之,召来笑而语之曰:吾何至与汝辈较,今既经此,后无复然。亦忠厚养福之道也。因举一事曰:吾乡有爱莳花者,一夜偶起,见数女子立花下,皆非素识,知为狐魅,遽掷以块,曰:妖物何得偷看花。一女子笑而答曰:君自昼赏,我自夜游,于君何碍?夜夜来此,花不损一茎一叶,于花又何碍?遽见声色,何鄙吝至此耶。吾非不能揉碎君花,恐人谓我辈所见,亦与君等,故不为耳。飘然共去,后亦无他。狐尚不与此辈较,我乃不及狐耶?后此人终不自安,移家莫知所往。起山叹曰:小人之心,竟谓天下皆小人。

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