太(tai)公望东封于齐,齐东海上有居士(shi)曰狂(kuang)矞、华士(shi)昆弟二(er)(er)人者(zhe)立议(yi)曰:“吾(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)(chen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)友(you)诸(zhu)侯(hou),耕(geng)(geng)作而(er)(er)(er)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),掘(jue)(jue)井而(er)(er)(er)饮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吾(wu)无(wu)求(qiu)于人也(ye)(ye)。无(wu)上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),无(wu)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禄,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)事仕而(er)(er)(er)事力。”太(tai)公望至于营丘,使(shi)(shi)吏执而(er)(er)(er)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为首诛。周(zhou)公旦从鲁(lu)闻(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),发急传而(er)(er)(er)问之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“夫二(er)(er)子(zi),贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)日飨国而(er)(er)(er)杀贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe),何也(ye)(ye)?”太(tai)公望曰:“是(shi)昆弟二(er)(er)人立议(yi)曰:'吾(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)(chen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)友(you)诸(zhu)侯(hou),耕(geng)(geng)作而(er)(er)(er)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),掘(jue)(jue)井而(er)(er)(er)饮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吾(wu)无(wu)求(qiu)于人也(ye)(ye)。无(wu)上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),无(wu)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禄,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)事仕而(er)(er)(er)事力。'彼不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)(chen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)者(zhe),是(shi)望不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得而(er)(er)(er)臣(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)友(you)诸(zhu)侯(hou)者(zhe),是(shi)望不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得而(er)(er)(er)使(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye);耕(geng)(geng)作而(er)(er)(er)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),掘(jue)(jue)井而(er)(er)(er)饮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),无(wu)求(qiu)于人者(zhe),是(shi)望不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赏罚(fa)劝(quan)禁也(ye)(ye)。且无(wu)上名(ming),虽(sui)知,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为望用;不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仰君(jun)(jun)禄,虽(sui)贤(xian)(xian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为望功。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仕,则不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)治;不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)任,则不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忠。且先王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)其臣(chen)(chen)民者(zhe),非爵禄则刑罚(fa)也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)四者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则望当谁(shei)为君(jun)(jun)乎?不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服兵革而(er)(er)(er)显(xian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亲耕(geng)(geng)耨而(er)(er)(er)名(ming),又(you)非所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)于国也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)有马于此(ci),如骥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)者(zhe),天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至良(liang)也(ye)(ye)。然而(er)(er)(er)驱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)前,却之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)止,左(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)左(zuo),右(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)右(you)(you),则臧(zang)获虽(sui)贱,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)托(tuo)(tuo)其足。臧(zang)获之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)愿托(tuo)(tuo)其足于骥者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)骥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)追利辟害也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为人用,臧(zang)获虽(sui)贱,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)托(tuo)(tuo)其足焉。已自谓(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤(xian)(xian)士(shi),而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为主(zhu)用,行(xing)极贤(xian)(xian)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用于君(jun)(jun),此(ci)非明主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)臣(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye),亦骥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可左(zuo)右(you)(you)矣,是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”
姜太(tai)(tai)公(gong)受封于东方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齐国(guo)(guo),齐国(guo)(guo)东海边上(shang)(shang)有(you)兄(xiong)弟(di)二(er)人(ren),名(ming)叫狂(kuang)禖、华(hua)士,是(shi)隐居的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)士人(ren),他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)确定(ding)为(wei)(wei)人(ren)宗旨说(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)服天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)交(jiao)结(jie)诸(zhu)侯。靠自(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)耕作(zuo)吃(chi)饭,靠自(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)挖井(jing)喝(he)水,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)无(wu)求(qiu)于人(ren)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)给(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)声,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)给(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俸(feng)禄(lu),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)做(zuo)官忙碌而(er)(er)(er)要从事体(ti)力(li)劳动。”姜太(tai)(tai)公(gong)到了(le)(le)(le)(le)齐都营丘,派官吏捕杀了(le)(le)(le)(le)他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),作(zuo)为(wei)(wei)最先问(wen)斩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)对(dui)象。周公(gong)旦(dan)在(zai)鲁国(guo)(guo)听到这(zhei)(zhei)件事后,派出(chu)紧急的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)传信专车前往(wang),向(xiang)姜太(tai)(tai)公(gong)询问(wen)说(shuo);“这(zhei)(zhei)两(liang)位是(shi)贤士。现在(zai)您有(you)了(le)(le)(le)(le)封国(guo)(guo)而(er)(er)(er)杀了(le)(le)(le)(le)贤士,为(wei)(wei)什么?”姜太(tai)(tai)公(gong)说(shuo):“这(zhei)(zhei)兄(xiong)弟(di)两(liang)个确定(ding)为(wei)(wei)人(ren)宗旨说(shuo);‘我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)服天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)交(jiao)结(jie)诸(zhu)侯。靠自(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)耕作(zuo)吃(chi)饭,靠自(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)挖井(jing)喝(he)水,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)无(wu)求(qiu)于人(ren),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)给(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)声,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)给(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俸(feng)禄(lu),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)做(zuo)官忙碌而(er)(er)(er)要从事体(ti)力(li)劳动。’他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)服天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)话,那(nei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)把他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)看作(zuo)臣(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)了(le)(le)(le)(le);他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)结(jie)交(jiao)诸(zhu)侯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)话,那(nei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)派他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)出(chu)使(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le);靠自(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)耕作(zuo)吃(chi)饭,靠自(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)挖井(jing)喝(he)水,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)求(qiu)助于别(bie)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)话,那(nei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)用(yong)(yong)赏罚(fa)来(lai)勉厉和(he)约束他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。况且他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)给(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)位,即(ji)(ji)使(shi)聪明(ming),也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)为(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)所用(yong)(yong);他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仰望君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)授予的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俸(feng)禄(lu),即(ji)(ji)使(shi)贤明(ming),也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)为(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)立(li)功(gong)。他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿意(yi)做(zuo)官就(jiu)(jiu)无(wu)法管教(jiao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)接受任(ren)用(yong)(yong)就(jiu)(jiu)对(dui)上(shang)(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忠。再说(shuo)先王之所以(yi)(yi)能(neng)驱使(shi)臣(chen)民,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)依(yi)(yi)(yi)靠爵(jue)禄(lu),就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)依(yi)(yi)(yi)靠刑罚(fa)。现在(zai)爵(jue)、禄(lu)、刑、罚(fa)都不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)驱使(shi)他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),那(nei)么我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)将做(zuo)谁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)呢(ni)?不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)打仗立(li)功(gong)而(er)(er)(er)显贵,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)耕田(tian)种地(di)而(er)(er)(er)扬(yang)名(ming),这(zhei)(zhei)又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)来(lai)教(jiao)化国(guo)(guo)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)办法。假(jia)如(ru)有(you)匹马(ma)(ma)在(zai)这(zhei)(zhei)儿,像良马(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)样(yang)子(zi)(zi)(zi),是(shi)天(tian)下最好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)马(ma)(ma)。但驱赶它(ta),它(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)前;制止它(ta),它(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)停步;叫它(ta)左,它(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)左;叫它(ta)右(you),它(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)右(you);那(nei)么奴仆虽然(ran)低贱,也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依(yi)(yi)(yi)托(tuo)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脚力(li)。奴仆之所以(yi)(yi)希望把脚力(li)寄托(tuo)在(zai)良马(ma)(ma)身(shen)上(shang)(shang),是(shi)因为(wei)(wei)依(yi)(yi)(yi)托(tuo)良马(ma)(ma)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)得到利(li)益,避免危(wei)害。现在(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)受人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)配,奴仆虽然(ran)低贱,也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依(yi)(yi)(yi)托(tuo)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脚力(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。这(zhei)(zhei)样(yang),他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)自(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)是(shi)世上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)贤士,而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿为(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)所用(yong)(yong),自(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)行为(wei)(wei)好(hao)到了(le)(le)(le)(le)极点,而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯为(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)卖力(li),这(zhei)(zhei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)明(ming)君(jun)(jun)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)臣(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)像良马(ma)(ma)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)使(shi)唤一样(yang)。因此,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)要杀掉他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。”
一曰:太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)望东封于齐。海上有贤者狂矞,太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)望闻之(zhi)(zhi),往(wang)请焉,三却马于门(men)而狂矞不(bu)(bu)报见也(ye),太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)望诛(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)。当是时(shi)也(ye),周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)旦(dan)在鲁,驰往(wang)止之(zhi)(zhi);比至,已诛(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)旦(dan)曰:狂矞,天下贤者也(ye),夫子何(he)为(wei)诛(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)?”太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)望曰:“狂矞也(ye)议不(bu)(bu)臣天子,不(bu)(bu)友诸候,吾恐其乱法易教也(ye),故以(yi)为(wei)首诛(zhu)(zhu)。今(jin)有马于此,形容似骥也(ye),然驱之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)往(wang),引之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)前(qian),虽臧获不(bu)(bu)托足于其轸也(ye)。”
另一种说(shuo)法:姜太(tai)公(gong)被封在(zai)东方的齐国(guo)。东海边(bian)有(you)个贤(xian)士叫狂(kuang)禖(mei)(mei),姜太(tai)公(gong)听说(shuo)后,前去登(deng)门求见,三次在(zai)门前停下马车,狂(kuang)禖(mei)(mei)都不(bu)(bu)答应见面。姜太(tai)公(gong)将处死他(ta)(ta)。当此之(zhi)时,周(zhou)公(gong)旦(dan)在(zai)鲁国(guo),驾(jia)车前去制止。等赶到(dao)齐地,姜太(tai)公(gong)已杀了(le)狂(kuang)棋。周(zhou)公(gong)旦(dan)说(shuo):“狂(kuang)禖(mei)(mei)是(shi)(shi)天下的贤(xian)士,您(nin)为什么要杀他(ta)(ta)?”姜太(tai)公(gong)说(shuo):“狂(kuang)禖(mei)(mei)主(zhu)张(zhang)不(bu)(bu)臣服天子(zi),不(bu)(bu)交结诸侯,我伯他(ta)(ta)扰乱(luan)法度改变教令,所以拿他(ta)(ta)作第一个问(wen)斩的对象。假如有(you)一匹马在(zai)这里,样子(zi)很(hen)像良马,但是(shi)(shi)赶了(le)它(ta)不(bu)(bu)走动,拉了(le)它(ta)不(bu)(bu)前进,即使是(shi)(shi)奴仆也不(bu)(bu)会把脚力寄托在(zai)它(ta)拉的车子(zi)。”
如耳说卫(wei)嗣(si)公,卫(wei)嗣(si)公说而(er)太息。左右曰(yue):“公何为(wei)不相(xiang)也(ye)?”公曰(yue):“夫马似鹿者,而(er)题之(zhi)千(qian)金。然而(er)有百金之(zhi)马而(er)无千(qian)金之(zhi)鹿者,何也(ye)?马为(wei)人(ren)(ren)用而(er)鹿不为(wei)人(ren)(ren)用也(ye)。今如耳万(wan)乘(cheng)之(zhi)相(xiang)也(ye),外有大国之(zhi)意(yi),其心不在卫(wei),虽(sui)辩知,亦不为(wei)寡人(ren)(ren)用,吾是以不相(xiang)也(ye)。”
如耳游说(shuo)卫(wei)嗣(si)(si)公(gong),卫(wei)嗣(si)(si)公(gong)又(you)高(gao)兴又(you)叹息。近侍(shi)说(shuo);“您为(wei)(wei)(wei)什么不(bu)任命他(ta)为(wei)(wei)(wei)相国(guo)?”卫(wei)嗣(si)(si)公(gong)说(shuo):“一匹像鹿的马(ma)可以标价(jia)(jia)千金,然而(er)有价(jia)(jia)值千金的马(ma),没有价(jia)(jia)值千金的鹿,因为(wei)(wei)(wei)马(ma)能为(wei)(wei)(wei)人所用(yong)而(er)鹿不(bu)能为(wei)(wei)(wei)人所用(yong)。现(xian)在(zai)如耳是(shi)做大国(guo)相国(guo)的材料,表现(xian)出要到(dao)大国(guo)谋职的意愿(yuan),他(ta)的心不(bu)在(zai)卫(wei)国(guo),虽(sui)有辩才和智谋,也不(bu)能为(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)所用(yong),我(wo)因此不(bu)任他(ta)为(wei)(wei)(wei)相。”
薛公(gong)(gong)子(zi)相魏昭候也,左右有(you)(you)栾子(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰阳胡,潘,其(qi)于(yu)王甚重,而(er)不(bu)为薛公(gong)(gong)。薛公(gong)(gong)患之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),于(yu)是乃(nai)召与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)博(bo)(bo),予(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)百(bai)金(jin),令(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆弟(di)博(bo)(bo);俄(e)又益之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)二(er)百(bai)金(jin)。方博(bo)(bo)有(you)(you)问,谒(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)言客张季之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)在门,公(gong)(gong)怫然(ran)怒,抚(fu)兵而(er)授谒(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰:“杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)!吾闻季之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)为文也。”立有(you)(you)间,时(shi)季羽在侧,曰:“不(bu)然(ran)。窃闻季为公(gong)(gong)甚,顾其(qi)人(ren)(ren)阴未(wei)闻耳。”乃(nai)辍不(bu)杀(sha)客大礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曰:“曩者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)闻季之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)为文也,故欲杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);今诚为文也,岂忘季哉!“告(gao)廪献千石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粟(su),告(gao)府献五(wu)百(bai)金(jin),告(gao)驺私厩献良马固车(che)二(er)乘,因(yin)(yin)令(ling)奄将宫(gong)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美妾二(er)十人(ren)(ren)并遗季也。栾子(zi)因(yin)(yin)相谓(wei)曰:“为公(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)利,不(bu)为公(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)害,吾曹何爱不(bu)为公(gong)(gong)?”因(yin)(yin)私竞劝而(er)遂为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。薛公(gong)(gong)以(yi)人(ren)(ren)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)势(shi),假人(ren)(ren)主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)术也,而(er)害不(bu)得生,况错(cuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)主乎(hu)!
薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)做(zuo)魏昭(zhao)王的(de)相(xiang)国时,昭(zhao)王近侍中(zhong)(zhong)有一(yi)对孪生子(zi)(zi)(zi)名叫阳胡、潘(pan)其,很受(shou)昭(zhao)王的(de)器重,但不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯(ken)替薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)劳。薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)此感到(dao)忧虑,于(yu)是就(jiu)召他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)们来赌博。薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)给(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)们每人一(yi)百金,让他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)们兄弟二人赌博;一(yi)会儿(er)又给(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)每人增加二百金。刚赌了(le)(le)一(yi)会儿(er),传达(da)官通报门(men)客(ke)张(zhang)季(ji)的(de)儿(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)门(men)口。薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)悖然大怒,拿(na)出兵器交(jiao)给(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)传达(da)官说(shuo):“杀了(le)(le)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)!我(wo)听(ting)(ting)说(shuo)张(zhang)季(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯(ken)为(wei)(wei)我(wo)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)劳。”一(yi)会儿(er),刚好(hao)张(zhang)季(ji)的(de)党(dang)羽在(zai)边上,说(shuo):“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是这(zhei)样(yang)的(de)。我(wo)私(si)下听(ting)(ting)说(shuo)张(zhang)季(ji)为(wei)(wei)您出力(li)很多(duo),只(zhi)是他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)暗中(zhong)(zhong)出力(li),您没有听(ting)(ting)到(dao)罢了(le)(le)。”薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)就(jiu)停了(le)(le)下来,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再(zai)杀门(men)客(ke)张(zhang)季(ji)的(de)儿(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi),并厚礼相(xiang)待(dai),说(shuo):“过去我(wo)听(ting)(ting)说(shuo)张(zhang)季(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)我(wo)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)劳,所(suo)以(yi)想杀他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta);现在(zai)知(zhi)道他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)确(que)实为(wei)(wei)我(wo)出力(li),我(wo)怎么能(neng)忘了(le)(le)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)呢!”于(yu)是通知(zhi)管粮(liang)仓的(de)人送给(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)千石粮(liang)食,通知(zhi)管财库的(de)人送给(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)五百金,通知(zhi)养马的(de)人从自己的(de)马棚(peng)里拿(na)出好(hao)马坚(jian)车二乘送给(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),接着(zhe)还命(ming)令宦官把宫(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)二十(shi)个美女一(yi)并送给(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)张(zhang)季(ji)。孪生子(zi)(zi)(zi)就(jiu)商量(liang)说(shuo):“既然为(wei)(wei)薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)劳一(yi)定获利,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)劳一(yi)定受(shou)害(hai),我(wo)们为(wei)(wei)什(shen)么不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)情愿为(wei)(wei)薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)劳?”因而私(si)下争(zheng)相(xiang)劝勉并行(xing)动起来替薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)劳。薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)以(yi)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)势位,假借君(jun)王的(de)权术,使祸害(hai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)发生,何况把这(zhei)种权术移用(yong)到(dao)君(jun)主身上呢?
夫(fu)驯(xun)鸟(niao)者断其下翎(ling),则必恃人而食,焉(yan)得(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)驯(xun)乎?夫(fu)明(ming)主畜臣亦(yi)然,令臣不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)利君之(zhi)禄(lu),不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)无服(fu)(fu)上之(zhi)名。夫(fu)利君之(zhi)禄(lu),服(fu)(fu)上之(zhi)名,焉(yan)得(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)服(fu)(fu)?
驯(xun)养(yang)乌(wu)(wu)鸦的(de)人(ren)要剪断乌(wu)(wu)鸦的(de)翅(chi)膀和尾巴(ba)下边的(de)羽毛(mao)。剪断翅(chi)膀和尾巴(ba)上的(de)羽毛(mao)后,乌(wu)(wu)鸦就必须靠(kao)人(ren)喂(wei)养(yang),怎能(neng)不驯(xun)服呢(ni)(ni)?明(ming)君(jun)蓄(xu)养(yang)臣(chen)子(zi)也是这样,要使臣(chen)子(zi)不得(de)不贪图君(jun)主(zhu)给他的(de)俸禄(lu),不得(de)不臣(chen)服君(jun)主(zhu)给他的(de)名(ming)位。贪图君(jun)主(zhu)给的(de)俸禄(lu),臣(chen)服君(jun)主(zhu)给的(de)名(ming)位,怎么能(neng)不驯(xun)服呢(ni)(ni)?
△说二
申子曰:“上明见(jian),人(ren)(ren)备之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);其不(bu)明见(jian),人(ren)(ren)惑(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其知见(jian),人(ren)(ren)饰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);不(bu)知见(jian),人(ren)(ren)匿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其无欲(yu)(yu)见(jian),人(ren)(ren)司(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);其有欲(yu)(yu)见(jian),人(ren)(ren)饵(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)曰:吾无从知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),惟无为可以规之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”
说二
申(shen)不害说(shuo):“君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)明察如(ru)果显(xian)露(lu)出来(lai),人(ren)(ren)们就(jiu)会防备他(ta);君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)糊(hu)涂如(ru)果显(xian)露(lu)出来(lai),人(ren)(ren)们就(jiu)会迷惑他(ta)。君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)智慧显(xian)露(lu)出来(lai),人(ren)(ren)们就(jiu)会美化他(ta);君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)愚(yu)蠢显(xian)露(lu)出来(lai),人(ren)(ren)们就(jiu)会蒙(meng)蔽他(ta)。君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)没有欲(yu)望显(xian)露(lu)出来(lai),人(ren)(ren)们就(jiu)会探测他(ta);君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)有欲(yu)望显(xian)露(lu)出来(lai),人(ren)(ren)们就(jiu)要(yao)引诱(you)他(ta)。所以说(shuo),我(wo)没有办法知道其中奥妙(miao),只(zhi)有无(wu)为可以窥测它的(de)端倪。”
一曰:申子曰:“慎(shen)而言也(ye)(ye),人(ren)且知女;慎(shen)而行也(ye)(ye),人(ren)且随女。而有知见也(ye)(ye),人(ren)且匿(ni)女;而无(wu)(wu)知见也(ye)(ye),人(ren)且意女。女有知也(ye)(ye),人(ren)且臧女;女无(wu)(wu)知也(ye)(ye),人(ren)且行女。故曰:惟无(wu)(wu)为可(ke)以(yi)规之(zhi)。”
另一(yi)种(zhong)说(shuo)法(fa):申不害说(shuo):“言(yan)行谨慎了(le)(le),人(ren)们(men)(men)将会(hui)(hui)(hui)探测你(ni);行动(dong)谨慎了(le)(le),人(ren)们(men)(men)将会(hui)(hui)(hui)跟踪你(ni)。智慧(hui)显(xian)露出来(lai)了(le)(le),人(ren)们(men)(men)将会(hui)(hui)(hui)躲开你(ni);愚(yu)蠢显(xian)露出来(lai)了(le)(le),人(ren)们(men)(men)将会(hui)(hui)(hui)算计你(ni)。有智慧(hui),人(ren)们(men)(men)将躲避你(ni);没有智慧(hui),人(ren)们(men)(men)将对(dui)你(ni)采(cai)取行动(dong)。所以说(shuo),只(zhi)有无为可以窥测其(qi)中(zhong)奥妙(miao)。”
田(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)方(fang)(fang)问(wen)唐(tang)易鞠(ju)曰(yue):“弋(yi)者何慎?”对(dui)曰(yue)“鸟以数百目视(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)以二目御之,子(zi)(zi)(zi)谨周子(zi)(zi)(zi)禀(bing)。”田(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)方(fang)(fang)曰(yue):“善。子(zi)(zi)(zi)加之弋(yi),我加之国(guo)。”郑长者闻之曰(yue):“田(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)方(fang)(fang)知(zhi)欲(yu)为禀(bing),而未得所以为禀(bing)。夫虚无无见者,禀(bing)见。”
田(tian)子(zi)方问唐(tang)易(yi)鞠说(shuo)(shuo):“射飞禽的(de)人(ren)要谨慎(shen)什么?”唐(tang)易(yi)鞠回答说(shuo)(shuo);“鸟用(yong)几百只眼睛看着你(ni)(ni),你(ni)(ni)只用(yong)两只眼睛防备它们,你(ni)(ni)要谨慎(shen)地密闭你(ni)(ni)的(de)谷(gu)仓(cang)。”田(tian)子(zi)方说(shuo)(shuo);“好。你(ni)(ni)把这个道(dao)理用(yong)在射飞鸟上,我(wo)把这个道(dao)理用(yong)在治理国家(jia)上。”郑长者听到后说(shuo)(shuo):“田(tian)子(zi)方知道(dao)要守(shou)(shou)护(hu)谷(gu)仓(cang),却不知道(dao)守(shou)(shou)护(hu)谷(gu)仓(cang)的(de)办法。那(nei)些(xie)虚静无为、不外露的(de)人(ren)才能守(shou)(shou)护(hu)谷(gu)仓(cang)。”