西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)话 通行(xing)于湖(hu)北省大部分地(di)区(qu)（东南(nan)部、东部除外）、云南(nan)、贵(gui)州、四川(chuan)三省汉族(zu)地(di)区(qu)以及(ji)湖(hu)南(nan)、广(guang)西(xi)(xi)两省北缘地(di)带。西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)话地(di)域辽阔，但内部比较一(yi)致。
江(jiang)淮官(guan)(guan)话 俗称下(xia)江(jiang)官(guan)(guan)话，通行于安徽省长江(jiang)两岸地(di)区(qu),江(jiang)苏省长江(jiang)以(yi)北(bei)大(da)部分(fen)地(di)区(qu)（徐州(zhou)(zhou)一(yi)带除外）,长江(jiang)南岸镇江(jiang)以(yi)上(shang)、南京以(yi)下(xia)地(di)区(qu)，以(yi)及江(jiang)西省沿江(jiang)地(di)带。江(jiang)淮官(guan)(guan)话是官(guan)(guan)话方(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)内部分(fen)歧(qi)较(jiao)大(da)、语言(yan)现象较(jiao)为复杂的一(yi)支。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)皖(wan)南徽州(zhou)(zhou)一(yi)带方(fang)言(yan)，有许多与(yu)众(zhong)不同的特点,历来不少语言(yan)学家认(ren)为可以(yi)从官(guan)(guan)话方(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)出,独立为皖(wan)南方(fang)言(yan)或徽州(zhou)(zhou)方(fang)言(yan)。
主要语言特征
语音方(fang)面 ①塞音和(he)塞擦音声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)大都(dou)有(you)清(qing)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)送(song)(song)气(qi)与(yu)清(qing)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)送(song)(song)气(qi)之分，而(er)没有(you)清(qing)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)与(yu)浊(zhuo)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)对立，反映出(chu)清(qing)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)多而(er)浊(zhuo)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)少的(de)特点。古全(quan)浊(zhuo)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字在现代(dai)官话方(fang)言各支系中几乎都(dou)念(nian)为清(qing)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字，很少例外。一般古全(quan)浊(zhuo)平声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)念(nian)送(song)(song)气(qi)清(qing)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)，古全(quan)浊(zhuo)仄声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)念(nian)不(bu)送(song)(song)气(qi)清(qing)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)。
②韵(yun)母(mu)方面最突出的特点是辅音韵(yun)尾比较少。
③声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)方(fang)(fang)面最(zui)突出的(de)(de)(de)特(te)点是调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)类的(de)(de)(de)数目比(bi)较(jiao)少。除江(jiang)淮(huai)官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、华北(bei)(bei)官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)河南(nan)黄河以北(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)(di)区(qu)(qu)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)山西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)端、陕(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)陕(shan)(shan)北(bei)(bei)及(ji)内蒙古(gu)(gu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)分地(di)(di)(di)区(qu)(qu)有(you)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)外(wai)，其余各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)没有(you)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)。整个官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言区(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)以4～5个为最(zui)多(duo)，尤以4个声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)最(zui)普遍，少于4个或多(duo)于 5个的(de)(de)(de)都(dou)(dou)比(bi)较(jiao)少。古(gu)(gu)四声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)、去(qu)(qu)三声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)分化、发展情况大(da)(da)体相似，即：古(gu)(gu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)各(ge)官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)念为阴平(ping)(ping)(ping),如包(bao)、周(zhou)、基、夫、甘、尊、当(dang)、江(jiang)、光(guang)等；古(gu)(gu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)浊(zhuo)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)念为阳平(ping)(ping)(ping)，如爬、徒、锄、奇、条、林、沉、群、同、红等；古(gu)(gu)上(shang)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)和次浊(zhuo)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)念为上(shang)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),如补、早、胆、粉、党、井、榜、选、暖、染、老等；古(gu)(gu)上(shang)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)全(quan)浊(zhuo)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)和古(gu)(gu)去(qu)(qu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)，各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)多(duo)念去(qu)(qu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如古(gu)(gu)上(shang)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)全(quan)浊(zhuo)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)部(bu)(bu)、父、道(dao)、愤(fen)、荡(dang)和古(gu)(gu)去(qu)(qu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)过、怕、步(bu)、带、共、耀等。古(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)在官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)念法比(bi)较(jiao)复杂，除江(jiang)淮(huai)官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)及(ji)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)山西(xi)(xi)(xi)、陕(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)分地(di)(di)(di)区(qu)(qu)、华北(bei)(bei)官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)黄河以北(bei)(bei)河南(nan)省部(bu)(bu)分地(di)(di)(di)区(qu)(qu)保留入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自成调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)类外(wai)，其余入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)消(xiao)失(shi)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，古(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)归属各(ge)不相同。大(da)(da)致说来，华北(bei)(bei)官(guan)话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)跟北(bei)(bei)京话(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)一(yi)样，入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)消(xiao)失(shi)后入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)字(zi)(zi)分派(pai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)、去(qu)(qu)各(ge)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),即所谓"入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)派(pai)三声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)":全(quan)浊(zhuo)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)归阳平(ping)(ping)(ping)，次浊(zhuo)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)归去(qu)(qu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，清声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)分派(pai)到阴平(ping)(ping)(ping)、阳平(ping)(ping)(ping)
