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《新唐书·郭子仪传》“郭子仪,字子仪”原文与翻译

《新唐书·郭子仪传》“郭子仪,字子仪”原文与(yu)翻译

说明:①以下(xia)黑色(se)字(zi)为(wei)原文,红色(se)字(zi)为(wei)翻译。 

郭子(zi)仪(yi),字(zi)子(zi)仪(yi),华州郑人,长七尺二寸,以(yi)武举异等补左卫长史(shi),累迁单于副都护、振远(yuan)军使。

郭子(zi)仪(yi)字子(zi)仪(yi),华州(zhou)郑县人。身高(gao)七尺二(er),因为武举考试成绩优异(yi)被安排补充左卫(wei)长史之职,后来职务(wu)多(duo)次(ci)调动,官做到单于(yu)副(fu)都护、振(zhen)远军使(shi)。

至(zhi)德二(er)载,攻贼(zei)崔乾(qian)(qian)(qian)祐(you)(you)于潼关,乾(qian)(qian)(qian)祐(you)(you)败,退保蒲津(jin)。会(hui)永(yong)乐尉赵复(fu)、河东司户参军(jun)韩曼、司士徐景(jing)及(ji)宗(zong)室子(zi)锋(feng)在城中,谋为内应,子(zi)仪(yi)(yi)攻蒲,复(fu)等斩(zhan)陴者,披阖内军(jun)。乾(qian)(qian)(qian)祐(you)(you)走安(an)邑,安(an)邑伪纳(na)之(zhi),兵(bing)半入(ru),县门发,乾(qian)(qian)(qian)祐(you)(you)得脱身走。贼(zei)安(an)守忠(zhong)壁永(yong)丰仓,子(zi)仪(yi)(yi)遣子(zi)旰与战(zhan),多杀至(zhi)万级(ji),旰死于阵。进收(shou)仓。于是关、陕始通。诏(zhao)还凤翔(xiang),进司空,充关内、河东副(fu)元(yuan)帅(shuai)。率师趋(qu)长(zhang)安(an),次潏水上。贼(zei)守忠(zhong)等军(jun)清(qing)渠左。大(da)战(zhan),王(wang)(wang)师不利,委仗奔。子(zi)仪(yi)(yi)收(shou)溃卒保武(wu)功。俄从元(yuan)帅(shuai)广平王(wang)(wang)率蕃、汉兵(bing)十(shi)五万收(shou)长(zhang)安(an)。李(li)嗣(si)业(ye)为前军(jun),元(yuan)帅(shuai)为中军(jun),子(zi)仪(yi)(yi)副(fu)之(zhi),王(wang)(wang)思礼为后(hou)军(jun),阵香(xiang)积寺之(zhi)北,距(ju)沣水,临大(da)川(chuan),弥亘(gen)一舍(she)。贼(zei)李(li)归仁领劲骑薄战(zhan),官军(jun)嚣,嗣(si)业(ye)以长(zhang)刀(dao)突出,斩(zhan)贼(zei)数(shu)十(shi)骑,乃(nai)定。回(hui)纥以奇兵(bing)缭贼(zei)背,夹(jia)攻之(zhi),斩(zhan)首六万级(ji),生禽二(er)万,贼(zei)帅(shuai)张通儒(ru)夜亡(wang)陕郡。翌日,王(wang)(wang)入(ru)京师,老幼(you)夹(jia)道呼曰(yue):“不图今日复(fu)见官军(jun)!”王(wang)(wang)休(xiu)士三日,遂东。

至德二(er)(er)年,郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)仪(yi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)兵(bing)(bing)在(zai)潼关攻(gong)(gong)打(da)叛(pan)(pan)贼(zei)崔(cui)(cui)乾(qian)(qian)祐,崔(cui)(cui)乾(qian)(qian)祐大败,退(tui)守(shou)(shou)蒲(pu)津(jin)。正逢(feng)永(yong)(yong)乐县尉赵(zhao)复(fu)、河(he)东司(si)户参军(jun)(jun)韩曼、司(si)士徐景以(yi)及宗(zong)室子(zi)(zi)弟(di)李(li)锋在(zai)蒲(pu)津(jin)城(cheng)中(zhong),打(da)算作为(wei)(wei)内应(ying),郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)仪(yi)攻(gong)(gong)打(da)蒲(pu)津(jin),赵(zhao)复(fu)等人(ren)(ren)杀(sha)死守(shou)(shou)城(cheng)士卒(zu),瓦(wa)解敌(di)(di)军(jun)(jun)。崔(cui)(cui)乾(qian)(qian)祐败逃到安(an)邑,安(an)邑将士假装(zhuang)接纳他。等到崔(cui)(cui)乾(qian)(qian)祐的(de)军(jun)(jun)队(dui)一半进(jin)(jin)入(ru)城(cheng)内,县门打(da)开了,崔(cui)(cui)乾(qian)(qian)祐得以(yi)脱身(shen)(shen)逃走。叛(pan)(pan)将安(an)守(shou)(shou)忠(zhong)驻军(jun)(jun)永(yong)(yong)丰仓,郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)仪(yi)派他的(de)儿子(zi)(zi)郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)旰(gan)迎(ying)战,斩(zhan)(zhan)杀(sha)叛(pan)(pan)军(jun)(jun)多达万(wan)人(ren)(ren),郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)旰(gan)战死在(zai)阵(zhen)(zhen)中(zhong)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)仪(yi)带(dai)兵(bing)(bing)收复(fu)永(yong)(yong)丰仓,这样,关中(zhong)、陕州的(de)道路才被打(da)通(tong)。皇帝下(xia)诏让他回到凤翔,晋(jin)升为(wei)(wei)司(si)空,充任(ren)关内、河(he)东副(fu)元(yuan)帅。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)仪(yi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)军(jun)(jun)直逼长(zhang)安(an),驻扎(zha)在(zai)潏水(shui)上。叛(pan)(pan)军(jun)(jun)安(an)守(shou)(shou)忠(zhong)等驻军(jun)(jun)清(qing)渠左岸。两(liang)军(jun)(jun)大战,朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)军(jun)(jun)队(dui)失利,扔掉兵(bing)(bing)器逃命。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)仪(yi)聚集(ji)残部坚守(shou)(shou)武(wu)功。不久,跟(gen)随元(yuan)帅广(guang)平王率(lv)(lv)(lv)领(ling)十(shi)五万(wan)蕃(fan)兵(bing)(bing)与汉兵(bing)(bing)收复(fu)长(zhang)安(an)。李(li)嗣业为(wei)(wei)前(qian)军(jun)(jun),元(yuan)帅为(wei)(wei)中(zhong)军(jun)(jun),子(zi)(zi)仪(yi)为(wei)(wei)副(fu)元(yuan)帅,王思礼为(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)军(jun)(jun),在(zai)香(xiang)积(ji)寺(si)的(de)北面布(bu)阵(zhen)(zhen)迎(ying)敌(di)(di),依据沣水(shui),濒临大川,互为(wei)(wei)犄(ji)角(jiao),互为(wei)(wei)一体。贼(zei)将李(li)归(gui)仁率(lv)(lv)(lv)领(ling)精锐骑(qi)兵(bing)(bing)挑(tiao)战,官军(jun)(jun)气(qi)焰嚣(xiao)张,李(li)嗣业手持长(zhang)矛(mao),挺(ting)身(shen)(shen)而出(chu),斩(zhan)(zhan)杀(sha)叛(pan)(pan)军(jun)(jun)数十(shi)名(ming)骑(qi)兵(bing)(bing),才得以(yi)安(an)定。回纥用奇兵(bing)(bing)在(zai)叛(pan)(pan)军(jun)(jun)背后(hou)(hou)迂回出(chu)击(ji),与朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)军(jun)(jun)队(dui)两(liang)军(jun)(jun)夹(jia)击(ji),斩(zhan)(zhan)敌(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)首级六万(wan),活捉两(liang)万(wan),叛(pan)(pan)军(jun)(jun)主帅张通(tong)儒夜间逃到陕郡(jun)。第(di)二(er)(er)天,广(guang)平王率(lv)(lv)(lv)领(ling)军(jun)(jun)队(dui)进(jin)(jin)入(ru)京城(cheng),京城(cheng)百姓(xing)夹(jia)道欢呼,说:“没想到今天还能见到官军(jun)(jun)!” 广(guang)平王让士卒(zu)休整三(san)天,然后(hou)(hou)继续(xu)向东进(jin)(jin)发。

安庆绪闻王师至,遣(qian)严庄悉众十(shi)万屯陕,助(zhu)通儒,旌帜钲(zheng)鼓径百馀里。师至新店,贼(zei)已阵,出轻(qing)骑,子(zi)仪(yi)遣(qian)二队(dui)逐(zhu)之,又(you)至,倍以(yi)往,皆不及贼(zei)营(ying)(ying)辄反。最后,贼(zei)以(yi)二百骑掩(yan)军(jun),未战走(zou),子(zi)仪(yi)悉军(jun)追,横贯其营(ying)(ying)。贼(zei)张两翼包之,官军(jun)却。嗣业率(lv)回纥从(cong)后击,尘且(qie)坌,飞矢射(she)贼(zei),贼(zei)惊曰(yue):“回纥至矣!”遂(sui)大败,僵尸相属于(yu)道。严庄等走(zou)洛阳(yang),挟庆绪渡河(he)保(bao)相州,遂(sui)收东都。于(yu)是河(he)东、河(he)西(xi)、河(he)南州县悉平。入朝(chao),帝遣(qian)具军(jun)容迎(ying)灞上,劳(lao)之曰(yue):“国家再造,卿力也。”子(zi)仪(yi)顿(dun)首陈谢。

安庆(qing)绪听说朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)(ting)的(de)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)队(dui)(dui)来了(le),派(pai)严庄(zhuang)带领(ling)全(quan)部十万兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)马镇(zhen)守陕州,以救援张(zhang)通儒,旗帜军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)鼓绵延百余里。朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)(ting)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)队(dui)(dui)到达新(xin)店,叛(pan)(pan)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)已经布好阵势(shi),派(pai)出轻(qing)骑兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),郭子(zi)仪派(pai)两队(dui)(dui)人马赶走(zou)敌(di)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),敌(di)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)再来,子(zi)仪加(jia)倍(bei)增兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),都(dou)不到叛(pan)(pan)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)营就返(fan)回(hui)了(le)。最后(hou),贼军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)用两百骑兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)来突然袭击(ji),没有开战又回(hui)去了(le),郭子(zi)仪派(pai)全(quan)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)出击(ji),横穿敌(di)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)营垒。叛(pan)(pan)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)张(zhang)开两翼包围朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)(ting)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)队(dui)(dui),朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)(ting)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)队(dui)(dui)退却。李嗣业(ye)带领(ling)回(hui)纥兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)从背后(hou)攻击(ji)叛(pan)(pan)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),尘土弥漫,飞箭(jian)射向(xiang)叛(pan)(pan)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),叛(pan)(pan)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)惊叫道:“回(hui)纥兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)来了(le)!”于是,叛(pan)(pan)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)大败(bai),尸体在(zai)路上相连。严庄(zhuang)等败(bai)逃到洛阳,挟持(chi)安庆(qing)绪坚守相州,于是收复京(jing)都(dou)。于是,河东、河西、河南州县都(dou)被(bei)平定。郭子(zi)仪进入朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)(ting),皇帝派(pai)人身着(zhe)戎装(zhuang)在(zai)灞桥上迎(ying)接他,慰劳他说:“国家第二(er)次缔造(zao),是你(ni)的(de)功劳啊!” 子(zi)仪叩头表(biao)达谢意。

建(jian)中二年(nian),疾病(bing),帝(di)遣舒(shu)王到第传诏省问,子仪不能兴,叩头谢(xie)恩。薨,年(nian)八十五。帝(di)悼(dao)痛,废朝五日(ri)。诏群臣(chen)往吊,随丧所需,皆取于官。及葬,帝(di)御安(an)福门,哭过(guo)其丧,百官陪位(wei)流涕(ti),赐谥曰忠武。

建中二年,郭子仪得了重病,皇(huang)帝(di)派遣舒王到(dao)他的(de)府上(shang)传旨探望慰问(wen)。郭子仪不能起床,叩头谢恩。死时八(ba)十五岁(sui)。皇(huang)帝(di)为他哀悼痛惜,五天停(ting)止上(shang)朝。下诏书让群臣前往(wang)吊(diao)唁,随同吊(diao)丧所需要的(de)东西都从官府领取。等(deng)到(dao)安(an)葬时,皇(huang)帝(di)亲自到(dao)安(an)福门为他哭丧送行,百(bai)官陪(pei)位伤心落泪。皇(huang)帝(di)赐给他谥号叫忠武。

本文为高中阅读题翻译,选自《新唐书·郭子仪传》,有删节,如有需要,欢迎点此查看《新唐书·郭子仪传》原文

 

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