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纪昀《阅微草堂笔记》卷六 滦阳消夏录六 在线阅读

[移动版] 作者:纪昀

乌(wu)什回(hui)部(bu)将叛(pan)(pan)时,城西(xi)有高(gao)阜,云其始祖墓也(ye)。每(mei)日(ri)将暮,辄(zhe)见巨人立墓上,面(mian)阔逾一尺(chi),翘(qiao)首向东(dong),若有所望(wang)。叛(pan)(pan)党(dang)殄灭(mie)后,乃(nai)不复见。或曰是知(zhi)劫运将临,待收其子(zi)孙(sun)之魂也(ye)。或曰东(dong)望(wang)者示其子(zi)孙(sun),有兵自(zi)东(dong)来,早(zao)为(wei)(wei)备也(ye)。或曰回(hui)部(bu)为(wei)(wei)西(xi)域向东(dong)者,面(mian)内也(ye),示其子(zi)孙(sun)不可叛(pan)(pan)也(ye)。是皆不可知(zhi)。其为(wei)(wei)乌(wu)什将灭(mie)之妖(yao)孽,则无(wu)疑也(ye)。

宏恩(en)寺僧(seng)明(ming)心言(yan),上天竺(zhu)有(you)老僧(seng),尝入冥,见狰狞鬼(gui)卒,驱数千人(ren)在一(yi)(yi)大(da)公(gong)廨(xie)外,皆褫(chi)衣反缚(fu),有(you)官(guan)南面坐,吏(li)执簿(bu)唱(chang)名,一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)选择(ze)精粗,揣量(liang)肥脊,若屠肆之(zhi)(zhi)鬻羊豕,意大(da)怪之(zhi)(zhi),见一(yi)(yi)吏(li)去官(guan)稍远,是(shi)旧檀越,因合掌问讯(xun),是(shi)悉何人(ren)?吏(li)曰(yue)(yue):诸天魔(mo)众(zhong),皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)为粮(liang),如来运大(da)神力摄伏魔(mo)王,皈依(yi)五戒,而(er)部族聚伙,叛服(fu)不(bu)常。皆曰(yue)(yue)自(zi)(zi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)始以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来,魔(mo)众(zhong)食(shi)人(ren),如人(ren)食(shi)谷,佛能(neng)断(duan)人(ren)食(shi)谷,我(wo)即(ji)不(bu)食(shi)人(ren),如是(shi)晓晓,即(ji)彼(bi)魔(mo)王亦不(bu)能(neng)制。佛以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孽(nie)海洪波,沉(chen)伦不(bu)返,无(wu)(wu)(wu)间地(di)狱,已(yi)不(bu)能(neng)容,乃(nai)牒下阎罗,欲移此狱囚,充彼(bi)敢噬,彼(bi)腹得果,可(ke)免荼毒生灵(ling)。十王共议,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)民(min)命所关,无(wu)(wu)(wu)如守令(ling),造福(fu)最(zui)易(yi),造祸亦深(shen),唯是(shi)种(zhong)(zhong)种(zhong)(zhong)冤愆(qian),多(duo)非(fei)自(zi)(zi)作,冥司业(ye)镜,罪有(you)攸归。其(qi)最(zui)为民(min)害者(zhe)(zhe),一(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)吏(li),一(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)役,一(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)亲属,一(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)仆隶。是(shi)四种(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)无(wu)(wu)(wu)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)责,有(you)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)权(quan),官(guan)或自(zi)(zi)顾考成,彼(bi)则惟知(zhi)牟利,依(yi)草(cao)附木,怙势作威(wei)。足(zu)使(shi)人(ren)敲髓(sui)洒膏,吞声泣血,四大(da)洲内,唯此四种(zhong)(zhong)恶业(ye)至(zhi)多(duo),是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)清我(wo)泥(ni)犁,供(gong)其(qi)汤鼎,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)白晳者(zhe)(zhe),柔脆者(zhe)(zhe),膏腴者(zhe)(zhe),充魔(mo)王食(shi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)粗材充众(zhong)魔(mo)食(shi)。故(gu)先(xian)为差(cha)别,然后发遣,其(qi)间业(ye)稍轻者(zhe)(zhe),一(yi)(yi)经(jing)脔(luan)割(ge)烹炮,即(ji)化(hua)为乌有(you)。业(ye)重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe),抛余残骨,吹以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)业(ye)风,还其(qi)本形(xing),再(zai)供(gong)刀(dao)俎(zu),自(zi)(zi)二三度至(zhi)千百度不(bu)一(yi)(yi),业(ye)最(zui)重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe),乃(nai)至(zhi)一(yi)(yi)日化(hua)形(xing)数度,割(ge)剔燔(fan)炙无(wu)(wu)(wu)已(yi)时也,僧(seng)额手曰(yue)(yue):诚不(bu)如削发出(chu)尘,可(ke)无(wu)(wu)(wu)此虑。吏(li)曰(yue)(yue):不(bu)然。其(qi)权(quan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)害人(ren),其(qi)力即(ji)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)济人(ren)。灵(ling)山会上原有(you)宰官(guan),即(ji)此四种(zhong)(zhong)人(ren),亦未(wei)尝无(wu)(wu)(wu)逍遥莲界者(zhe)(zhe)也。语(yu)讫,忽僧(seng)有(you)侄在一(yi)(yi)县令(ling)署,急(ji)驰书促归,劝使(shi)改业(ye)。此事即(ji)僧(seng)告其(qi)侄,而(er)明(ming)心在寺得闻之(zhi)(zhi)。虽语(yu)颇(po)荒(huang)诞,似出(chu)寓言(yan),然神道设教,使(shi)人(ren)知(zhi)畏,亦警世之(zhi)(zhi)苦心,未(wei)可(ke)绳以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)妄语(yu)戒也。

沧州瞽者刘君瑞,尝以弦索(suo)来(lai)(lai)往(wang)(wang)余(yu)家,言其(qi)偶有林(lin)(lin)姓(xing)(xing)者,一日(ri)薄暮,有人(ren)(ren)登门来(lai)(lai)唤,曰(yue)(yue):某官舟(zhou)泊河(he)干,闻(wen)汝善弹词,邀往(wang)(wang)一试,当有厚赉,即促抱琵琶,牵其(qi)竹杖(zhang)导之往(wang)(wang),约四五里,至(zhi)舟(zhou)畔,寒温毕(bi),闻(wen)主人(ren)(ren)指(zhi)挥曰(yue)(yue):舟(zhou)中(zhong)炎热,坐岸上奏(zou)技(ji),吾倚窗听(ting)之可(ke)也(ye)。林(lin)(lin)利(li)其(qi)赏(shang),竭(jie)力弹唱(chang),约略近三鼓,指(zhi)痛(tong)喉干,求(qiu)滴水不(bu)可(ke)得。侧耳听(ting)之,四围男女杂坐,笑语喧嚣,觉不(bu)似仕宦家,又觉不(bu)似在水次,辍弦欲(yu)起。众怒曰(yue)(yue):何物盲贼,敢(gan)不(bu)听(ting)使令,众手交(jiao)捶,痛(tong)不(bu)可(ke)忍。乃哀乞(qi)再奏(zou)。久之,闻(wen)人(ren)(ren)声(sheng)渐散,犹不(bu)敢(gan)息。忽闻(wen)耳畔呼曰(yue)(yue):林(lin)(lin)先生何故日(ri)尚未出,坐乱冢(zhong)间演技(ji),取树下早凉耶(ye)?矍(jue)然惊问,乃其(qi)邻人(ren)(ren)早起贩鬻过此也(ye),知为鬼弄(nong),狼狈而归。林(lin)(lin)姓(xing)(xing)素多心计,号曰(yue)(yue)林(lin)(lin)鬼,闻(wen)者咸笑曰(yue)(yue):今日(ri)鬼遇鬼也(ye)。

先(xian)姚安(an)公(gong)曰(yue):里有白(bai)以(yi)忠(zhong)者,偶买得役鬼(gui)符咒一册(ce),冀借此演搬(ban)运法(fa),或可谋生,乃依书置诸法(fa)物,月明之(zhi)夜,作(zuo)道士装,至(zhi)墟墓间试之(zhi)。据案对(dui)书诵咒,果闻四面揪揪声,俄暴(bao)风突(tu)起,卷其书落草间,为(wei)一鬼(gui)跃出(chu)攫去,众鬼(gui)哗然并出(chu),曰(yue):尔恃符咒拘遣我,今符咒已失,不(bu)畏尔矣。聚(ju)而攒(zan)击(ji),以(yi)忠(zhong)踉跄奔逃(tao),背后瓦砾(li)如骤雨,仅得至(zhi)家,是夜虐疾(ji)大作(zuo),困卧月余,疑亦鬼(gui)为(wei)祟也,一日(ri)诉于姚安(an)公(gong),且(qie)惭且(qie)愤。姚安(an)公(gong)曰(yue):幸哉,尔术(shu)不(bu)成(cheng)(cheng),不(bu)过成(cheng)(cheng)一笑柄耳。倘不(bu)幸术(shu)成(cheng)(cheng),安(an)知不(bu)以(yi)术(shu)贾(jia)祸,此尔福也。尔又何尤(you)焉(yan)。

从(cong)侄虞惇所(suo)居宅,本村南旧圃也,未(wei)筑宅时(shi),四面无(wu)(wu)居人,一夕(xi)灌圃者田(tian)大,卧井旁小室,闻(wen)墙外诟争声(sheng),疑为村人,隔(ge)墙问曰(yue)(yue):尔等为谁,夜深无(wu)(wu)故来扰(rao)我(wo),其一呼曰(yue)(yue):一事求大哥(ge)公论,不知何处(chu)客鬼(gui)(gui)强入我(wo)家,调我(wo)妇,天下有(you)是理耶?其一呼曰(yue)(yue):我(wo)自携(xie)钱赴闻(wen)家庙,此(ci)妇见我(wo)嬉笑,邀(yao)我(wo)入室,此(ci)人突入夺我(wo)钱,天下又有(you)是理耶?田(tian)知是鬼(gui)(gui),襟不敢应。二鬼(gui)(gui)并曰(yue)(yue):此(ci)处(chu)不能(neng)了此(ci)事,当诉(su)诸土(tu)地耳,喧(xuan)喧(xuan)然向东北(bei)去。田(tian)次(ci)日至土(tu)地祠,问庙祝,乃寂无(wu)(wu)所(suo)闻(wen)。皆疑田(tian)妄语。临(lin)清李名儒曰(yue)(yue):是不足怪,想(xiang)此(ci)妇和(he)解之(zhi)矣(yi)。众为粲然。

乾(qian)隆(long)己未,余与东光李云(yun)举霍(huo)养仲(zhong),同读书(shu)生云(yun)精舍,一夕,偶论鬼(gui)神,云(yun)举以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)有,养仲(zhong)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)无,正(zheng)辩诘(jie)间(jian),云(yun)举之(zhi)(zhi)仆(pu)卒然(ran)曰:世间(jian)原有奇事(shi),倘(tang)奴不(bu)(bu)身(shen)经,虽奴亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)信也。尝过城(cheng)隍(huang)祠(ci)前丛冢间(jian),失足(zu)踏破一棺。夜梦城(cheng)隍(huang)拘(ju)去,云(yun)有人诉我(wo)毁其(qi)室,心知是破棺事(shi),与之(zhi)(zhi)辩曰:汝(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)室自不(bu)(bu)合当(dang)路,非(fei)我(wo)侵汝(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru),鬼(gui)又(you)辩曰:路自上我(wo)屋,非(fei)我(wo)屋故当(dang)路也。城(cheng)隍(huang)微笑(xiao)顾(gu)我(wo)曰:人人行此路,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)责(ze)汝(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru),人人踏之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)破,何(he)汝(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)踏破,亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)竟释(shi)汝(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru),当(dang)偿之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)冥镪。既(ji)而(er)曰:鬼(gui)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)自葺棺,汝(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)覆以(yi)(yi)片板,筑土其(qi)上可也。次日(ri)如(ru)神教,仍焚冥镪,有旋(xuan)风(feng)卷其(qi)灰去。一夜复过其(qi)地,闻有人呼我(wo)坐,心知为(wei)(wei)曩鬼(gui),疾(ji)驰(chi)归,其(qi)鬼(gui)大笑(xiao),音磔磔如(ru)枭鸟,迄今思之(zhi)(zhi),尚毛(mao)发悚然(ran)也。养仲(zhong)谓(wei)云(yun)举曰:汝(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)仆(pu)助汝(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru),吾(wu)(wu)一口不(bu)(bu)胜两口矣,然(ran)吾(wu)(wu)终不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)以(yi)(yi)人所见(jian)为(wei)(wei)我(wo)所见(jian)。云(yun)举曰:使君鞫狱,将(jiang)事(shi)事(shi)目睹(du)而(er)后信乎?抑以(yi)(yi)取(qu)证众口乎?事(shi)事(shi)目睹(du),无此理。取(qu)证众口,不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)人所见(jian)为(wei)(wei)我(wo)所见(jian)乎?君何(he)以(yi)(yi)处焉,相与一笑(xiao)而(er)罢。

莆田林(lin)教授清标言,郑成(cheng)功(gong)据台(tai)湾时(shi),有粤(yue)东(dong)异僧泛海(hai)至,技击(ji)绝伦,袒(tan)臂端(duan)坐,斫以刃(ren),如中铁石(shi)。又兼(jian)通壬遁风角,与(yu)论(lun)(lun)兵,亦(yi)娓娓有条理,成(cheng)功(gong)方招延(yan)豪杰(jie),甚(shen)敬礼之(zhi)。稍久(jiu),渐骄(jiao)蹇,成(cheng)功(gong)不(bu)能堪,且疑为(wei)间谍(die)(die),欲杀之(zhi)而惧不(bu)克(ke)。其(qi)(qi)大(da)将刘国(guo)轩(xuan)(xuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):必欲除之(zhi),事在我。乃(nai)诣僧款洽,忽(hu)请曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):师是佛(fo)地位人(ren),但(dan)不(bu)知遇摩(mo)登伽,还(hai)受摄否?僧曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):参寥和尚,久(jiu)心(xin)似(si)沾泥絮矣(yi)(yi)。刘因戏(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):欲以刘王大(da)体双一(yi)验道(dao)力(li)。使(shi)众弥信心(xin),可乎?乃(nai)选娈童倡女姣丽善淫者十许人(ren),布茵施枕(zhen),咨为(wei)谍(die)(die)狎于其(qi)(qi)侧,柔情曼态,极天下之(zhi)妖惑,僧谈笑自若(ruo),似(si)无见闻。久(jiu)忽(hu)闭(bi)目不(bu)视,国(guo)轩(xuan)(xuan)拔(ba)剑一(yi)挥,首已(yi)歘然落矣(yi)(yi)。国(guo)轩(xuan)(xuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):此(ci)术(shu)非有鬼(gui)神,特(te)练(lian)气自固耳。心(xin)定则气聚,心(xin)一(yi)动则气散矣(yi)(yi)。此(ci)僧心(xin)初(chu)不(bu)动,故敢(gan)纵观,至闭(bi)目不(bu)视,知其(qi)(qi)已(yi)动而强制,故刃(ren)一(yi)下而不(bu)能御也。所论(lun)(lun)颇入微,但(dan)不(bu)知椎(zhui)埋恶少,何以能见及此(ci)。其(qi)(qi)纵横鲸窟十余年,盖亦(yi)非偶矣(yi)(yi)。

朱公晦庵尝与五公山人散步城南,因坐树下谈易。忽闻背后语曰:二君所论乃术家易,非儒家易也。怪其适自何来,曰:已先坐此,二君未见耳。问其姓名,曰:江南崔寅。今日宿城外旅舍,天尚未暮,偶散闷闲行,山人爱其文雅,因与接膝究术家儒家之说,崔曰:圣人作易,言人事也,非言天道也。为众人言也,非为圣人言也。圣人从心不逾矩,本无疑惑,何待于占?惟众人昧于事几,每两歧罔决,故圣人以阴阳之消长,示人事之进退,俾知趋避而已。此儒家之本旨也。顾万物万事,不出阴阳,后人推而广之,各明一义。杨简王宗传,阐发心学,此禅家之易,源出王弼者也;陈专邵康节,此道家之易,源出魏伯阳者也;术家之易,衍于管郭,源于焦京,即二君所言是矣。易道广大,无所不包,见智见仁,理原一贯,后人忘其本始,反以旁义为正宗,是圣人作易,但为一二上智设,非千万世垂教之书,千万人共喻之理矣。经者常也,言常道也,经者径也,言人所共由也。曾是六经之首,而诡秘其说,使人不可解乎?二人喜其词致,谈至月上未已,诘其行踪,多世外语,二人谢曰:先生其儒而隐者乎?崔微哂曰:果为隐者,方韬光晦迹之不暇,安得知名?果为儒者,方返躬克己之不暇,安得讲学?世所称儒称隐,皆胶胶扰扰者也,吾方恶此而逃之,先生休矣,毋污吾耳!割然长啸木叶乱飞,已失所在矣,方知所见非人也。

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