冯梦龙《俞伯牙摔琴(qin)谢知音》高二小说阅读题及答案(an)
伯(bo)牙是(shi)个风(feng)(feng)流才子(zi)(zi),那江(jiang)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胜,正(zheng)投(tou)其(qi)怀(huai)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)日,行至(zhi)汉(han)阳江(jiang)口。时(shi)当八月十(shi)五日中(zhong)(zhong)秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夜(ye),偶然风(feng)(feng)狂浪涌,大(da)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)如注。舟(zhou)楫(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能前进,泊于(yu)山(shan)崖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)多时(shi),风(feng)(feng)恬浪静,雨(yu)(yu)(yu)止云(yun)开,现出一(yi)(yi)轮明月。那雨(yu)(yu)(yu)后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月,其(qi)光倍常(chang)。伯(bo)牙在船舱中(zhong)(zhong),独坐无聊,命童(tong)(tong)子(zi)(zi)焚(fen)香炉内,“待我(wo)抚琴(qin)(qin)(qin)一(yi)(yi)操,以遣情怀(huai)。”童(tong)(tong)子(zi)(zi)焚(fen)香罢,捧琴(qin)(qin)(qin)囊置于(yu)案间(jian)。伯(bo)牙开囊取琴(qin)(qin)(qin),调弦(xian)转轸,弹出一(yi)(yi)曲(qu)。曲(qu)犹未终,指下(xia)“刮剌”的一(yi)(yi)声(sheng)响,琴(qin)(qin)(qin)弦(xian)断(duan)了(le)一(yi)(yi)根。伯(bo)牙大(da)惊(jing),叫童(tong)(tong)子(zi)(zi)去问船头:“这住(zhu)船所在是(shi)甚么去处?”船头答道:“偶因风(feng)(feng)雨(yu)(yu)(yu),停泊于(yu)山(shan)脚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),虽然有(you)些草树(shu),并无人(ren)(ren)家。”伯(bo)牙惊(jing)讶(ya),想道:“是(shi)荒山(shan)了(le)。若是(shi)城郭(guo)村庄(zhuang),或有(you)聪明好学之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),盗听吾(wu)琴(qin)(qin)(qin),所以琴(qin)(qin)(qin)声(sheng)忽(hu)变,有(you)弦(xian)断(duan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异。这荒山(shan)下(xia),那得有(you)听琴(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)?”忽(hu)听岸上有(you)人(ren)(ren)道:“舟(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)大(da)人(ren)(ren),小子(zi)(zi)乃樵夫也。因打柴归晚,值骤雨(yu)(yu)(yu)狂风(feng)(feng),雨(yu)(yu)(yu)具(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能遮(zhe)蔽(bi),潜(qian)身岩畔。闻君雅操,少住(zhu)听琴(qin)(qin)(qin)。”伯(bo)牙大(da)笑道:“山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)打柴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),也敢称‘听琴(qin)(qin)(qin)’二字!此言未知真伪(wei),我(wo)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)计较了(le)。左右的,叫他去罢。”那人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)去,在崖上高声(sheng)说道:“大(da)人(ren)(ren)出言谬矣!岂不(bu)(bu)(bu)闻‘十(shi)室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑,必有(you)忠信。’‘门内有(you)君子(zi)(zi),门外君子(zi)(zi)至(zhi)。’大(da)人(ren)(ren)若欺负(fu)山(shan)野中(zhong)(zhong)没有(you)听琴(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)。这夜(ye)静更深(shen),荒崖下(xia)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)该有(you)抚琴(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)客了(le)。”
伯(bo)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)见(jian)(jian)他出言(yan)不俗,或(huo)者真(zhen)是(shi)个听(ting)琴(qin)的,亦(yi)(yi)未可知(zhi)。走近舱门(men)(men),回(hui)嗔作(zuo)喜(xi)问道(dao)(dao):“崖上那位君子(zi)(zi),既是(shi)听(ting)琴(qin),站立(li)多(duo)时,可知(zhi)道(dao)(dao)我适(shi)才所弹(dan)何(he)曲?”那人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao):“小子(zi)(zi)若不知(zhi),却也不下(xia)来听(ting)琴(qin)了(le)(le)(le)。方(fang)才大人(ren)(ren)所弹(dan),乃(nai)孔(kong)仲尼叹颜回(hui),谱入琴(qin)声。其词(ci)云:‘可惜(xi)颜回(hui)命(ming)早亡,教人(ren)(ren)思(si)想鬓如霜(shuang)。只因陋巷(xiang)箪瓢乐,……’到这一(yi)句,就断(duan)了(le)(le)(le)琴(qin)弦,不曾(ceng)抚出第四句来,小子(zi)(zi)也还(hai)(hai)记得:‘留(liu)得贤名万古扬。’”伯(bo)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)闻(wen)言(yan)大喜(xi)道(dao)(dao):“先生果非俗士(shi),隔崖遥(yao)远,难以(yi)问答。”命(ming)左右(you):“请那位先生登舟细讲。”左右(you)掌跳,此人(ren)(ren)上船,果然是(shi)个樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)夫(fu):头戴箬笠(li)(li),身(shen)披蓑衣,手持尖担,腰(yao)插板(ban)斧,脚踏芒鞋(xie)。手下(xia)人(ren)(ren)那知(zhi)言(yan)谈好歹,见(jian)(jian)是(shi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)夫(fu),下(xia)眼相(xiang)看:“咄!那樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)夫(fu)下(xia)舱去,见(jian)(jian)我老(lao)爷叩头,问你甚么言(yan)语,小心答应(ying)。”樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)夫(fu)却是(shi)个有意思(si)的,道(dao)(dao):“列位不须粗鲁,待我解衣相(xiang)见(jian)(jian)。”除(chu)了(le)(le)(le)斗笠(li)(li),头上是(shi)青布(bu)包巾;脱了(le)(le)(le)蓑衣,身(shen)上是(shi)蓝布(bu)衫(shan)儿;搭(da)膊(bo)拴腰(yao),露出布(bu)棍下(xia)截。那时不慌不忙,将蓑衣、斗笠(li)(li)、尖担、板(ban)斧,俱安放舱门(men)(men)之外。脱下(xia)芒鞋(xie),漓去泥水,重复(fu)穿(chuan)上,步(bu)入舱来。官舱内公座上灯烛辉煌。樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)夫(fu)长揖而不跪,道(dao)(dao):“大人(ren)(ren)施礼(li)(li)了(le)(le)(le)。”俞伯(bo)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)晋国大臣,下(xia)来还(hai)(hai)礼(li)(li),恐失了(le)(le)(le)官体,既请下(xia)船,又不好叱(chi)他回(hui)去。伯(bo)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)没奈何(he),微(wei)微(wei)举手道(dao)(dao):“贤友免(mian)礼(li)(li)罢。”叫童子(zi)(zi)看坐的。童子(zi)(zi)取(qu)一(yi)张杌坐儿置于下(xia)席。伯(bo)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)全无客(ke)礼(li)(li),把嘴向樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)夫(fu)一(yi)努,道(dao)(dao):“你且坐了(le)(le)(le)。”那樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)夫(fu)亦(yi)(yi)不谦(qian)让,俨然坐下(xia)。
伯牙见他不告而坐,微有嗔怪之意,因此不问姓名,亦不呼手下人看茶。默坐多时。怪而问之:“适才崖上听琴的,就是你么?”樵夫答言:“不敢。”伯牙道:“我且问你,既来听琴,必知琴之出处。此琴何人所造?抚他有甚好处?”樵夫道:“此琴乃伏羲氏所琢,见五星之精,飞坠梧桐,凤皇来仪。伏羲以知梧桐乃树中之良材,夺造化之精气,堪为雅乐,令人伐之。其树高三丈三尺,按三十三天之数,截为三段,分天、地、人三才。取中一段叩之,其声清浊相济,轻重相兼。送长流水中,浸七十二日。取起阴干,选良时吉日,用高手匠人刘子奇制成乐器。此乃瑶池之乐,故名瑶琴。长三尺六寸一分,前阔八寸;后阔四寸,按四时;厚二寸。有金童头,玉女腰,仙人背,龙池,凤沼,玉轸,金徽。那徽有十二,又有一中徽,先是五条弦在上,外按五行:金、木、水、火、土;内按五音:宫、商、角、徵、羽。尧舜时操五弦琴,歌‘南风’诗,天下大治。后因周文王被囚于羡里,吊子伯邑考,添弦一根,清幽哀怨,谓之文弦。后武王伐纣,前歌后舞,添弦一根,激烈发扬,谓之武弦。先是宫、商、角、徵、羽五弦,后加二弦,称为文武七弦琴。总之,清奇幽雅,悲壮悠长。此琴抚到尽美尽善之处,啸虎闻而不吼,哀猿听而不啼。乃雅乐之好处也。”