爱上海

 华语网 > 文言专题 > 文言文经典名著 > 正文

礼记正义卷六十一 昏义第四十四

作者:佚名 文章来源:会员上传 请你点此纠错或发表评论

卷六十一(yi) 昏(hun)义第四(si)(si)十四(si)(si)

  陆曰:“郑(zheng)云:‘《昏(hun)义》者,以其记娶妻之义,内教之所(suo)由成也。’”

[疏]正(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰(yue):案(an)郑《目(mu)录(lu)(lu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“名曰(yue)《昏(hun)(hun)义(yi)(yi)》者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)记娶(qu)(qu)(qu)妻(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),内(nei)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)由(you)成也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此於(wu)《别录(lu)(lu)》属(shu)《吉事》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“昏(hun)(hun)”者(zhe),案(an)郑《昏(hun)(hun)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)目(mu)录(lu)(lu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“娶(qu)(qu)(qu)妻(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),以(yi)(yi)(yi)昏(hun)(hun)为(wei)期,因名焉。”必(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)“昏(hun)(hun)”者(zhe),取其(qi)(qi)(qi)阴来阳往之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。日入后二刻半为(wei)昏(hun)(hun)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)定称之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),婿(xu)曰(yue)昏(hun)(hun),妻(qi)曰(yue)姻,故(gu)(gu)《经解》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“婿(xu)曰(yue)昏(hun)(hun),妻(qi)曰(yue)姻”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)(wei)婿(xu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)昏(hun)(hun)时(shi)而(er)(er)来,妻(qi)则(ze)因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)去也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若婿(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)妻(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu),名婿(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲属(shu)名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)姻,女(nv)(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲属(shu)名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)昏(hun)(hun),故(gu)(gu)郑注(zhu)《昏(hun)(hun)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“女(nv)(nv)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)称昏(hun)(hun),婿(xu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)称姻”。《尔雅》“婿(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)(fu)为(wei)姻,妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)(fu)为(wei)婿(xu)”,又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“婿(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)党为(wei)姻兄(xiong)(xiong)弟,妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)党为(wei)婚(hun)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)天(tian)地初分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,遂(sui)皇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),则(ze)有(you)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)妇。故(gu)(gu)《通卦验》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“遂(sui)皇始(shi)(shi)出(chu),握机(ji)矩”,是(shi)法北斗七星而(er)(er)立七政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)纬·斗威仪》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian),七政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),则(ze)君(jun)臣父(fu)(fu)子夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)妇及政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)等。既称夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)妇,是(shi)始(shi)(shi)自(zi)遂(sui)皇也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谯周云(yun)(yun)(yun)“太昊制嫁(jia)娶(qu)(qu)(qu),俪(li)皮(pi)为(wei)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”,是(shi)俪(li)皮(pi)起於(wu)太昊也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)媒官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),具(ju)於(wu)《月(yue)令》疏。《孟(meng)子》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“舜(shun)不(bu)(bu)告(gao)而(er)(er)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)”,是(shi)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)告(gao)父(fu)(fu)母(mu),亦起於(wu)五(wu)帝(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)五(wu)帝(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)前为(wei)昏(hun)(hun),不(bu)(bu)限同姓(xing)异姓(xing)。三王(wang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)来,文家异姓(xing)为(wei)昏(hun)(hun),质家同姓(xing)为(wei)昏(hun)(hun)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)昏(hun)(hun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)(nian)几,案(an)《异义(yi)(yi)》:《大戴》说:男(nan)(nan)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)、女(nv)(nv)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)昏(hun)(hun)娶(qu)(qu)(qu),合为(wei)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi),应大衍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数,目(mu)天(tian)子达於(wu)庶人(ren),同一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)《春秋左(zuo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)》说,“国君(jun)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)而(er)(er)生子,礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”;二十(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)嫁(jia),三十(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)娶(qu)(qu)(qu),庶人(ren)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)殇(shang),长(zhang)殇(shang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九至十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu),知(zhi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四、十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu),见《士昏(hun)(hun)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。许君(jun)谨(jin)案(an):舜(shun)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)娶(qu)(qu)(qu),谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鳏;文王(wang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)而(er)(er)生武王(wang),尚(shang)有(you)兄(xiong)(xiong)伯(bo)邑(yi)考,知(zhi)人(ren)君(jun)早、娶(qu)(qu)(qu),不(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)三十(shi)(shi)(shi),非重继(ji)嗣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若郑意,依正(zheng)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),士及大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)皆三十(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)后娶(qu)(qu)(qu)。及礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)妇长(zhang)殇(shang)”者(zhe),关异代也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或有(you)早娶(qu)(qu)(qu)者(zhe),非正(zheng)法矣。天(tian)子、诸(zhu)侯昏(hun)(hun)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)则(ze)早矣。如(ru)《左(zuo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)》所(suo)释,《毛诗》所(suo)用《家语(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说,以(yi)(yi)(yi)男(nan)(nan)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)冠,女(nv)(nv)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)而(er)(er)笄,自(zi)此以(yi)(yi)(yi)后,可以(yi)(yi)(yi)嫁(jia)娶(qu)(qu)(qu),至男(nan)(nan)三十(shi)(shi)(shi),女(nv)(nv)二十(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)正(zheng)昏(hun)(hun)姻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),与(yu)家语(yu)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

昏礼者,将合二姓之好,上以事宗庙,而下以继后世也,故君子重之。是以昏礼纳采、问名、纳吉、纳徵、请期,皆主人筵几於庙,而拜迎於门外,入揖让而升,听命於庙,所以敬慎重正昏礼也。听命,谓主人听使者所传婿家之命。
  ○昏(hun)(hun)者,一本作“昏(hun)(hun)礼(li)者”,婚礼(li)用昏(hun)(hun),故经典(dian)多止作昏(hun)(hun)字(zi)。合(he),如字(zi),徐(xu)音閤(he)。好,呼(hu)报反。采,七在(zai)反,采择也。期,徐(xu)音情,又如字(zi)。筵(yan)音延。使,色吏反。传,直专反。

[疏]“昏礼”至“礼也”。
  ○正义曰:此一节总明昏礼之义,而拜迎於门外,揖让而升,自从始至终也。
  ○“纳采”者,谓采择之礼,故《昏礼》云:“下达,纳采,用雁也。”必用雁者,《白虎通》云:“雁,取其随时而南北,不失节也。又是随阳之鸟,妻从夫之义也。”“问名”者,问其女之所生母之姓名,故《昏礼》云“谓谁氏”,言母之女何姓氏也。此二礼一使而兼行之。
  ○“纳吉”者,谓男家既卜得吉,”与女氏也。
  ○“纳徵者,纳聘财也。徵,成也。先纳聘财,而后昏成,《春秋》则谓之“纳币”。其庶人则缁帛五两;卿大夫则玄纁,玄三纁二,加以俪皮;及诸侯加以大璋,天子加以穀圭,皆具於《周礼》经、注也。“请期”者,谓男家使人请女家以昏时之期,由男家告於女家。何必“请”者,男家不敢自专,执谦敬之辞,故云“请”也。女氏终听男家之命,乃告之。纳吉、纳徵、请期每一事,则使者二人行。惟纳徵无雁,以有币故,其馀皆用雁。
  ○“主人筵几於庙”者,谓行此等之礼。主人,谓女父母设筵几於祢庙。此等皆据《士昏礼》而知之也。
  ○“听(ting)命於庙”者,谓(wei)女之父(fu)母,听(ting)受(shou)婿之使(shi)者之命於庙堂之上两楹之间(jian)也(ye)。

父亲醮子而命之迎,男先於女也。子承命以迎,主人筵几於庙,而拜迎于门外。壻执雁入,揖让升堂,再拜奠雁,盖亲受之於父母也。降出,御妇车,而壻授绥,御轮三周,先俟于门外。妇至,壻揖妇以入,共牢而食,合卺而酳,所以合体同尊卑,以亲之也。酌而无酬酢曰醮。醮之礼,如冠醮与?其异者,於寝耳。壻御妇车,轮三周,御者代之,壻自乘其车,先道之归也。“共牢而食,合卺而酳”,成妇之义。
  ○醮,子妙反。迎,鱼敬(jing)反,下(xia)“以迎”同。先,悉(xi)荐反。子承(cheng)命(ming),本或作“子承(cheng)父命(ming)”,误。壻(xu),或又作聟,悉(xi)计(ji)反,女之夫也(ye)(ye),依字(zi)从士从胥,俗从知,下(xia)作耳。奠,大(da)见反。绥音虽。合,徐(xu)音閤,又如字(zi)。卺,徐(xu)音谨,破瓢为卮也(ye)(ye),《说(shuo)文(wen)》作“”,云(yun):“蠡也(ye)(ye)。”《字(zi)林》几敏反,以此“卺”为“警”,身有所(suo)承(cheng)。《说(shuo)文(wen)》云(yun):“读(du)若(ruo)赤舄(xi)几。”酳,徐(xu)音胤,又仕(shi)觐反。酢音昨。如冠(guan),古乱反,下(xia)“又始於冠(guan)”同。与音馀。道音导。

[疏]“父亲”至“之也”。
  ○正义曰:此一节明亲迎之时,父之醮子,明夫妇之节。
  ○“父亲醮子而命之迎”者,谓壻父身亲以酒醮子,而命之亲迎也。
  ○“男先於女也”者,释命亲迎之意。所以必命迎者,欲使男往迎之,女则从男迎来也。是男子先迎,女从后至,是男先於女也。若男子不迎,女自来至,是女自先来,不得为“男先於女”也。
  ○“主人筵几於庙,而拜迎于门外”者,主人,女之父,以壻来亲迎,故拜迎於门外,以敌礼待之。
  ○“壻执雁入,揖让升堂,再拜奠雁”者,主人就东阶,初入门将曲揖,当阶北面揖,当碑揖,至阶三让。主人升自阼阶,揖,壻升自西阶,北面奠雁再拜,盖亲受之於父母也。於时女房中南面,母在房户外之西,南面,壻既拜讫,旋降出。女出房南面,立於母左,父西面诫之,女乃西行,母南面诫之,是壻亲受之於父母。但亲受之,非是分明手有亲受,示有亲受之义,故云“盖”以疑之。
  ○“降出,御妇车”者,谓壻降西阶而出,亲御妇车也。
  ○“而壻授绥”者,谓妇升车之时,而壻授之以绥。
  ○“御轮三周”者,谓壻御妇车之轮三匝,然后御者代壻御之。
  ○“妇至,壻揖妇以入”者,谓妇至壻之寝门,壻揖以妇入,则稍西避之。故《魏诗》云“宛然左辟”,谓此时也。
  ○“共牢而食”者,在夫之寝,壻东面,妇西面,共一牲牢而同食,不异牲。
  ○“合卺而酳”者,酳,演也。谓食毕饮酒,演安其气。卺,谓半瓢,以一瓢分为两瓢,谓之卺。壻之与妇各执一片以酳,故云“合卺而酳”。
  ○“所以合体同尊卑,以亲之也”者,“同尊卑”,谓共牢也。“所以合体同尊卑”者,欲使壻之亲妇,妇亦亲壻,所以体同为一,不使尊卑有殊也。
  ○注“酌而”至“归也”。
  ○正义曰(yue):以(yi)乡饮酒礼(li)(li)、燕(yan)礼(li)(li)之(zhi)属,皆为(wei)宾主(zhu)相酬酢(zuo),故不称醮(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),则但受爵者(zhe),饮而尽(jin)之(zhi),又不反(fan)相酬酢(zuo),直(zhi)醮(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)尽(jin)而已(yi),故称“醮(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”也。然醴亦(yi)无酬酢(zuo),不云(yun)“醮(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”者(zhe),以(yi)醴尚质(zhi)不为(wei)饮也,故不称“醮(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”,但礼(li)(li)敬之(zhi)而已(yi)。云(yun)“醮(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)礼(li)(li),如冠(guan)(guan)醮(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)与(yu)?其(qi)(qi)异(yi)者(zhe),於寝(qin)耳”者(zhe),以(yi)父之(zhi)醮(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子(zi)(zi),令其(qi)(qi)亲迎(ying),与(yu)醮(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子(zi)(zi)冠(guan)(guan)而成人其(qi)(qi)事相似,故云(yun)“如冠(guan)(guan)醮(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)与(yu)”。但冠(guan)(guan)礼(li)(li)醮(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)庙,此醮(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)寝(qin),故云(yun)“其(qi)(qi)异(yi)者(zhe),在(zai)寝(qin)耳”。

敬慎重正,而后亲之,礼之大体,而所以成男女之别,而立夫妇之义也。男女有别,而后夫妇有义;夫妇有义,而后父子有亲;父子有亲,而后君臣有正。故曰“昏礼者,礼之本也”。言子受气性纯则孝,孝则忠也。
  ○别,彼(bi)列反(fan),下同。

[疏]“敬慎”至“本也”。
  ○正义曰:前经明共牢合卺,使之相亲。此经论谨慎重正礼之根本,各随文解之。
  ○“敬慎重正”者,言行昏礼之时,必须恭敬谨慎,尊重正礼,而后男女相亲。若不敬慎重正,则夫妇久必离异,不相亲也。
  ○“昏礼(li)(li)者(zhe),礼(li)(li)之本也”者(zhe),夫妇昏姻(yin)之礼(li)(li),是诸礼(li)(li)之本。所以昏礼(li)(li)为礼(li)(li)本者(zhe),昏姻(yin)得所,则(ze)受(shou)气纯和,生子必(bi)孝,事君必(bi)忠。孝则(ze)父子亲,忠则(ze)朝廷正,故《孝经》云(yun):“丧(sang)则(ze)致其哀,祭则(ze)致其严。”是昏礼(li)(li)为诸礼(li)(li)之本也。

夫礼始於冠,本於昏,重於丧祭,尊於朝聘,和於射乡。此礼之大体也。始,犹根也。本,犹幹也。乡,乡饮酒。
  ○朝(chao)聘,直遥反,下匹正反。

[疏]“夫礼”至“体也”。
  ○正义曰:此经因昏(hun)礼为诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)本,遂(sui)广明礼之(zhi)(zhi)始终(zhong)。始则(ze)在(zai)於(wu)冠、昏(hun),终(zhong)则(ze)重於(wu)丧祭,其间有朝(chao)聘(pin)、乡射,是礼之(zhi)(zhi)大体之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也。

夙兴,妇沐浴以俟见。质明,赞见妇於舅姑,妇执笲,枣、栗段脩以见。赞醴妇,妇祭脯醢,祭醴,成妇礼也。成其为妇之礼也。赞醴妇,当作“礼”,声之误也。
  ○沐音木。浴音欲。见,贤遍反,下及注同。笲音烦,一音皮彦反,器名,以苇若竹为之,其形如筥,衣之以青缯,以盛枣栗腶脩之属。枣音早,《尔雅》云“棘实谓之枣”,俗作“{来来},误。段脩,丁乱反,本又作腶,或作锻,同,脩脯也。加姜桂曰腶脩。何休云:“妇执腶脩者,取其断断自脩饰也。”赞醴,依注作礼。醢音海。舅姑入室,妇以特豚馈,明妇顺也。以馈明妇顺者,供养之礼主於孝顺。
  ○妇以特豚馈,其位反,一本无“妇”字。供,俱用反。养,羊尚反。厥明,舅姑共飨妇以一献之礼,奠酬,舅姑先降自西阶,妇降自阼阶,以著代也。言既献之,而授之以室事也。降者,各还其燕寝。妇见及馈享於適寝。《昏礼》不言“厥明”,此言之者,容大夫以上礼多,或异耳。
  ○適,丁历反。上,时掌反。

[疏]“夙兴”至“代也”。
  ○正义曰:此论昏礼明日妇见舅姑,舅姑醴妇,又舅姑入室,妇馈特豚,又明日舅姑飨妇之节。此即士昏礼也,故有特豚馈於舅姑。若大夫以上,非惟特豚而已。虽以士为主,亦兼明大夫,故有“厥明,舅姑共飨妇”。若士妇见舅姑之日,即舅姑享妇,故《士昏礼》舅姑醴妇,醴妇既讫,则享之,不待厥明也。
  ○“妇执笲,枣栗段脩以见”者,案《士昏礼》“舅坐於阼阶西面,姑坐于房外南面,妇执笲,枣栗进,东面拜奠于舅席。讫,妇又执腶脩升,进北面,拜奠于姑席”是也。
  ○“赞醴妇,妇祭脯醢,祭醴”者,案《士昏礼》:妇席于户牖间,赞者酌醴置於席前北面,妇於席西东面拜受,赞者西阶上北面拜送,妇又拜荐脯醢。妇升席左执觯,右祭脯醢。讫,以柶祭醴三。是“祭脯醢,祭醴也”。
  ○“成妇礼也”者,言所以见舅姑及醴之者,成其为妇之礼也。
  ○“舅姑入室,妇以特豚馈”者,案《士昏礼》:“舅姑入于室,妇盥,馈特豚,合升,侧载,无鱼腊,无稷,并南上。”其他如取女礼。郑注云:“侧载者,右胖载之舅俎,左胖载之姑俎,异尊卑。并南上者,舅姑共席于奥,其馔各以南为上。”是“特豚馈”也。
  ○“明妇顺也”者,言所以“特豚馈”者,显明其为妇之孝顺也。
  ○“厥明,舅姑共飨妇以一献之礼,奠酬”者,案《士昏礼》云,既言舅姑荐俎醢,以《乡饮酒》之礼约之,席在室外户之西,舅酌酒於阼阶献妇,妇西阶上拜受,即席,祭荐祭酒毕,於西阶上北面卒爵。妇酢舅,舅於阼阶上受酢,饮毕,乃酬妇。先酌自饮毕,更酌酒以酬姑。姑受爵奠於荐左,不举爵,正礼毕也。
  ○“以著代也”者,言所以舅姑降自西阶,妇降自阼阶,是舅姑所升之处。今妇由阼阶而降,是著明代舅姑之事也。
  ○注“降者”至“异日”。
  ○正义曰:“各还(hai)其(qi)燕寝(qin)(qin)”者,舅(jiu)姑(gu)还(hai)舅(jiu)姑(gu)之(zhi)燕寝(qin)(qin),妇还(hai)妇之(zhi)燕寝(qin)(qin)也(ye)。云“妇见(jian)及老於適(shi)寝(qin)(qin)”者,谓舅(jiu)姑(gu)之(zhi)適(shi)寝(qin)(qin)。云“《昏礼(li)》不(bu)言厥明(ming),此言之(zhi)者,容(rong)大夫以(yi)上礼(li)多(duo),或异日”,以(yi)此云“厥明(ming)”,与《士(shi)昏礼(li)》异也(ye)。

成妇礼,明妇顺,又申之以著代,所以重责妇顺焉也。妇顺者,顺於舅姑,和於室人,而后当於夫,以成丝麻、布帛之事,以审守委积盖藏。室人,谓女妐、女叔、诸妇也。当,犹称也。后言称夫者,不顺舅姑,不和室人,虽有善者,犹不为称夫也。
  ○当,丁浪反,一音于郎反,下注同,下注“和当”亦同。委,於伪反。积,子赐反。藏,才浪反。犹称,尺证反,下同。是故妇顺备而后内和理,内和理而后家可长久也。故圣王重之。顺备者,行和当,事成审也。
  ○行,下孟反。

[疏]“成妇”至“重之”。
  ○正义曰:此经明上经成妇礼、明妇顺之事。若妇顺既成,则室家长久,故圣王所重也。
  ○“成妇礼”者,则上经“妇祭脯醢,祭醴”之等,是成妇礼也。
  ○“明妇顺”者,则上经“舅妇入室”,“以特豚馈”,是明妇顺也。
  ○“又申之以著代”者,则上经“妇降自阼阶,以著代”是也。申,重也。既明妇礼顺,又重加之以著代之义也。
  ○“所以重责妇顺焉也”者,言成妇礼、明妇顺则重著代,所以厚重责妇人之孝顺焉。分之则妇礼、妇顺、著代三者别文,皆总归於妇顺,故自此以下,唯申明妇顺也。
  ○“以审守委积盖藏”者,言既当夫氏,又成妇事,以此详审保守家之所有委积掩盖藏聚之物也。
  ○“注室人谓女妐、女叔、诸妇也”。
  ○正义曰:经既言“顺於舅姑”,乃“和於室人”,是在室之人,非男子也。女妐,谓婿之姊也。女叔,谓婿之妹。诸妇,谓娣姒之属。
  ○注云“备顺者,行和当,事成审也”。
  ○正义曰:行(xing),是(shi)顺於(wu)舅(jiu)姑;和,谓和於(wu)室人;当,谓当於(wu)夫,则前(qian)经(jing)(jing)所说(shuo)是(shi)也。云“事成审(shen)(shen)”者,则前(qian)经(jing)(jing)“以(yi)成丝麻布帛(bo)之事,以(yi)审(shen)(shen)守委积(ji)盖藏”,是(shi)事成审(shen)(shen)也。

是以古者妇人先嫁三月,祖祢未毁,教于公宫。祖祢既毁,教于宗室。教以妇德、妇言、妇容、妇功;教成,祭之,牲用鱼,芼之以蘋藻,所以成妇顺也。谓与天子、诸侯同姓者也。嫁女者,必就尊者教成之。教成之者,女师也。祖庙,女所出之祖也。公,君也。宗室,宗子之家也。妇德,贞顺也。妇言,辞令也。妇容,婉娩也。妇功,丝麻也。祭之,祭其所出之祖也。鱼、蘋藻,皆水物,阴类也。鱼为俎实,蘋藻为羹菜。祭无牲牢,告事耳,非正祭也,其齐盛用黍云。君使有司告之。宗子之家,若其祖庙已毁,则为坛而告焉。
  ○先,悉荐反(fan)(fan)。芼,莫报反(fan)(fan)。蘋音频。藻(zao)音早。《毛(mao)诗》:“于(yu)以采(cai)蘋,于(yu)以采(cai)藻(zao)。”《诗》笺(jian)云:“蘋之言宾,藻(zao)之言早。”婉,纡免(mian)反(fan)(fan)。婉贞貌(mao),《诗》笺(jian)云:“婉娩,贞顺貌(mao)。”又音挽。齐(qi)音咨。坛,徒(tu)丹(dan)反(fan)(fan)。

[疏]“是以”至“顺也”。
  ○正义曰:此经更发明前经成妇顺之事。所以能成妇德者,以未嫁之前,先教以四德。故此经明嫁所教之事。
  ○“祖祢未毁,教于公宫”者,此谓与君为骨肉,亲庙有四,高祖之庙未毁除,此欲嫁之女教于公宫也。“祖庙既毁,教於宗室”者,谓与君四从以外,同高祖之父以上,其庙既迁,是“祖庙既毁”,此女则教於大宗子之室。
  ○“教成,祭之”者,谓三月教之,其教已成,祭女所出祖庙,告以教成也。
  ○“所以成妇顺也”者,以为未嫁之前,先教四德。又祭而告,但成其为妇之顺,欲使嫁而为妇,举遵此教而成和顺。
  ○注“谓与”至“告焉”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)“教(jiao)於(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)”,故(gu)知是(shi)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)同(tong)姓(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)当(dang)言(yan)王宫(gong)(gong)(gong)。今(jin)经云(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)”,知兼天(tian)子(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)”,谓(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),若(ruo)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)邑官家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)尔,非谓(wei)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)《昏义》虽记士昏礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),自此(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)下(xia)(xia),广(guang)明天(tian)子(zi)(zi)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)教(jiao)女(nv)(nv)及(ji)夫(fu)妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,故(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)经教(jiao)女(nv)(nv)举(ju)贵者(zhe)(zhe)言(yan)。云(yun)(yun)“嫁(jia)女(nv)(nv)者(zhe)(zhe),必就尊(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)教(jiao)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《内则(ze)(ze)(ze)》:“女(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)十年不(bu)出(chu),使(shi)姆(mu)教(jiao)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”明已前恒教(jiao),但嫁(jia)前三(san)月特就公(gong)(gong)(gong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao),欲尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),女(nv)(nv)师也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),即《诗·周南》云(yun)(yun)“言(yan)告(gao)(gao)师氏”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)《昏礼》注云(yun)(yun)“姆(mu),妇(fu)人(ren)五十无(wu)子(zi)(zi)出(chu)”者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),女(nv)(nv)所(suo)出(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)女(nv)(nv)父(fu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)所(suo)分出(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),或(huo)(huo)与(yu)(yu)(yu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)共高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)而(er)分出(chu),以(yi)下(xia)(xia)皆然,与(yu)(yu)(yu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)共高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)未毁(hui),所(suo)出(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)(nv),皆自公(gong)(gong)(gong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)虽七庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),亲(qin)(qin)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)上自高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong),君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),郑恐(kong)唯谓(wei)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong),故(gu)解“公(gong)(gong)(gong)”为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)”。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)、诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)皆称君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。云(yun)(yun)“宗(zong)(zong)室,宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),郑注不(bu)云(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)、小(xiao)(xiao)宗(zong)(zong),则(ze)(ze)(ze)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)、小(xiao)(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)悉得教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。与(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)近者(zhe)(zhe),於(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)远者(zhe)(zhe),於(wu)小(xiao)(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)《记》谓(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)姓(xing),若(ruo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异姓(xing),异姓(xing)始祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)在者(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)后亦(yi)有大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)小(xiao)(xiao)宗(zong)(zong),其(qi)(qi)(qi)族(zu)人(ren)嫁(jia)女(nv)(nv),各於(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)家(jia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),祭(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)出(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)女(nv)(nv)出(chu)於(wu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)祭(ji)(ji)高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),出(chu)於(wu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)祭(ji)(ji)曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),以(yi)下(xia)(xia)皆然。女(nv)(nv)亲(qin)(qin)行(xing)祭(ji)(ji),《诗》云(yun)(yun)“谁其(qi)(qi)(qi)尸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),有齐(qi)季女(nv)(nv)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun):“祭(ji)(ji)无(wu)姓(xing)牢(lao),告(gao)(gao)事(shi)耳(er),非正(zheng)祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)祭(ji)(ji)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)应(ying)用(yong)牲(sheng)牢(lao),今(jin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)俎(zu)唯鱼,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“告(gao)(gao)事(shi)耳(er),非正(zheng)祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)齐(qi)盛(sheng)用(yong)黍”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)教(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)不(bu)用(yong)正(zheng)牲(sheng),则(ze)(ze)(ze)无(wu)稻(dao)粱。既以(yi)蘋藻为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)羹,则(ze)(ze)(ze)当(dang)有齐(qi)盛(sheng),此(ci)(ci)(ci)士祭(ji)(ji)特牲(sheng)黍稷,故(gu)知此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦(yi)用(yong)黍也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)使(shi)有司告(gao)(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),约《杂记》“衅(xin)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),使(shi)有司行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,故(gu)知此(ci)(ci)(ci)告(gao)(gao)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji),亦(yi)使(shi)有司也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)有卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)以(yi)下(xia)(xia),则(ze)(ze)(ze)女(nv)(nv)主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)掌其(qi)(qi)(qi)礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)已毁(hui),则(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坛而(er)告(gao)(gao)焉”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)谓(wei)与(yu)(yu)(yu)宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)或(huo)(huo)同(tong)曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),假令宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士,只有父(fu)、祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)无(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),则(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坛於(wu)宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)而(er)告(gao)(gao)焉。若(ruo)与(yu)(yu)(yu)宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)同(tong)曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坛告(gao)(gao)曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)焉。若(ruo)与(yu)(yu)(yu)宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)同(tong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坛告(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)焉。此(ci)(ci)(ci)注或(huo)(huo)有作(zuo)“墠”者(zhe)(zhe),误也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)以(yi)知者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)《祭(ji)(ji)法》篇(pian),適士二(er)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)一坛,则(ze)(ze)(ze)曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)三(san)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)二(er)坛,则(ze)(ze)(ze)高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及(ji)高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坛。或(huo)(huo)可宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中士、下(xia)(xia)士,但有二(er)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)无(wu)坛,则(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)墠而(er)告(gao)(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

古者天子后立六宫、三夫人、九嫔、二十七世妇、八十一御妻,以听天下之内治,以明章妇顺,故天下内和而家理。天子立六官、三公、九卿、二十七大夫、八十一元士,以听天下之外治,以明章天下之男教,故外和而国治。故曰:“天子听男教,后听女顺天子理阳道,后治阴德;天子听外治,后听内职。教顺成俗,外内和顺,国家理治,此之谓盛德。”天子六寝,而六宫在后,六官在前,所以承副,施外内之政也。三夫人以下百二十人,周制也。三公以下百二十人,似夏时也。合而言之,取其相应,有象大数也。内治,妇学之法也。阴德,谓主阴事、阴令也。
  ○嫔,毗人(ren)反。治(zhi),直吏反,下及注除“后治(zhi)阴(yin)德”皆同。应(ying)如字,音应(ying)对之应(ying)。

[疏]“古者”至“盛德”。
  ○正义曰:此一经因上夫妇昏礼之事,故此明天子与后各立其官,掌内外之事,法阴阳所为。但后之所立六宫,周之法也,天子所为立六官,夏之制也。欲见其数相当,故以夏、周相对为内、外也。
  ○注“天子”至“令也”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:按(an)《宫人(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun):“掌(zhang)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)寝(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)修。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):路寝(qin)(qin)一(yi),小寝(qin)(qin)五。是天子六(liu)(liu)(liu)寝(qin)(qin)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“六(liu)(liu)(liu)宫在(zai)(zai)后(hou)”者(zhe),后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)宫在(zai)(zai)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)寝(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),亦(yi)大寝(qin)(qin)一(yi),小寝(qin)(qin)五。其九(jiu)嫔以下(xia)(xia),亦(yi)分(fen)(fen)居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其三(san)夫人(ren)(ren),虽不分(fen)(fen)居六(liu)(liu)(liu)宫,亦(yi)分(fen)(fen)主六(liu)(liu)(liu)宫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),或二宫则(ze)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye),或犹如三(san)公(gong)(gong)分(fen)(fen)主六(liu)(liu)(liu)卿(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“六(liu)(liu)(liu)官(guan)在(zai)(zai)前”者(zhe),六(liu)(liu)(liu)卿(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),在(zai)(zai)王六(liu)(liu)(liu)寝(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前,其三(san)孤亦(yi)分(fen)(fen)主六(liu)(liu)(liu)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),总谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)卿(qing)。故(gu)(gu)《考工(gong)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)“外有九(jiu)室,九(jiu)卿(qing)朝焉”是也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“三(san)公(gong)(gong)以下(xia)(xia),百(bai)二十(shi)人(ren)(ren)”者(zhe),周三(san)百(bai),此百(bai)二十(shi)人(ren)(ren),延於百(bai)数,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“似夏时”。以无正文,故(gu)(gu)称“似”也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“内(nei)治,妇学之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),案《九(jiu)嫔职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)“掌(zhang)妇学之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)”,故(gu)(gu)知内(nei)治是妇学也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“阴(yin)(yin)德,谓(wei)主阴(yin)(yin)事(shi)、阴(yin)(yin)令也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),案《内(nei)宰》:“掌(zhang)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阴(yin)(yin)事(shi)阴(yin)(yin)令。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“阴(yin)(yin)事(shi),谓(wei)群妃(fei)御见之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。阴(yin)(yin)令为王所求,为於北宫也(ye)(ye)。”

是故男教不脩,阳事不得,適见於天,日为之食。妇顺不脩,阴事不得,適见於天,月为之食。是故日食则天子素服而脩六官之职,荡天下之阳事。月食则后素服而脩六宫之职,荡天下之阴事。故天子之与后,犹日之与月,阴之与阳,相须而后成者也。適之言责也。食者,见道有亏伤也。荡,荡涤去秽恶也。
  ○適,直革反,下注同。见,贤遍反,下及注同。日为,于伪反,下文皆同。荡,徒浪反。涤,直历反,又杜亦反。去,起吕反。秽,纡废反。天子脩男教,父道也。后脩女顺,母道也。故曰:“天子之与后,犹父之与母也。”故为天王服斩衰,服父之义也。为后服资衰,服母之义也。父母者,施教令於妇子者也,故其服同。资,当为“齐”,声之误也。
  ○衰,七雷反,下同(tong)。资,依注(zhu)作(zuo)齐(qi),音咨,注(zhu)又作(zuo)“”者,同(tong)。

[疏]“是故”至“义也”。
  ○正义曰:此以下说男女之教,若其不得,日月为之適食。又明天子与后是父之与母之义。
  ○“是(shi)故日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食则天(tian)子素服而脩(xiu)六官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),荡天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)事(shi)”者(zhe),谓(wei)救日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食者(zhe)素服荡,除天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)事(shi)。“有(you)(you)秽恶”者(zhe),案(an)《左传(chuan)》昭(zhao)三(san)十(shi)一年(nian)“十(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),辛亥(hai)朔,日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,庚午(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)始有(you)(you)谪。谪,谓(wei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将(jiang)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气,气见於上(shang),所以(yi)责人君也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故《诗(shi)》云:“十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交,朔月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辛卯(mao)(mao)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),亦孔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丑。”又云:“此日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)而食,于(yu)何不臧?”是(shi)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不善而日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食。凡日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食,若壬午(wu)朔日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),《左传(chuan)》云:“公问於梓慎,‘祸福何为(wei)(wei)(wei)’?对曰:‘二至(zhi)二分(fen),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行也(ye)(ye)(ye),分(fen)同道也(ye)(ye)(ye),至(zhi)相过也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)他月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),则为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),阳(yang)不克(ke)(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye),故常为(wei)(wei)(wei)水也(ye)(ye)(ye)。’”然《诗(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),则夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),秋分(fen)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食而为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)者(zhe),以(yi)辛卯(mao)(mao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),卯(mao)(mao)往侵辛,木(mu)反(fan)克(ke)(ke)金,故为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)。昭(zhao)七年(nian)夏(xia)(xia)四月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)甲辰朔,日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而大咎卫君上(shang)卿。四月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)者(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)甲辰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),甲为(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu),辰为(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi),卯(mao)(mao)当克(ke)(ke)士(shi)(shi),今(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食,土(tu)反(fan)克(ke)(ke)木(mu),故为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。昭(zhao)二十(shi)一年(nian)秋七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)壬午(wu)朔而日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食,壬为(wei)(wei)(wei)水,午(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)火,水应克(ke)(ke)火,而日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食,火反(fan)克(ke)(ke)水,不为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)者(zhe),以(yi)秋七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),是(shi)壬午(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,得有(you)(you)克(ke)(ke)壬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li),故不得为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)。杜预以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)假日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异以(yi)戒惧人君,其(qi)言若信若不信,不可(ke)定以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)验也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

十三经注疏目录】  【上一页】  【礼记正义目录】  【下一页

请你点此纠错或发表评论 文章录入:09ping    责任编辑:Gaoge 
随机推荐
���Ϻ�,���Ϻ�ͬ�ǽ�����̳,���Ϻ�Ʒ�� �����Ϻ���ǧ��,�Ϻ���ǧ��Ʒ��,���Ϻ�419��ǧ���Ϻ�419��̳,���Ϻ�419��ǧ��,�Ϻ�����419��̳�Ϻ�Ʒ����,����������,����ɣ����