卷四(si)十六 祭法第(di)二十三
陆曰:“郑(zheng)云:‘以其记有(you)虞(yu)氏至周(zhou)天子以下所制祀(si)群(qun)神之数也。’”
[疏(shu)]正义(yi)曰:案郑(zheng)《目(mu)录》云:“名曰《祭(ji)法(fa)》者,以其(qi)记(ji)有(you)虞(yu)氏至周天子以下所制(zhi)祀(si)群神之数,此於《别录》属(shu)《祭(ji)祀(si)》。”
祭法:有虞氏禘黄帝而郊喾,祖颛顼而宗尧。夏后氏亦禘黄帝而郊鲧,祖颛顼而宗禹。殷人禘喾而郊冥,祖契而宗汤。周人禘喾而郊稷,祖文王而宗武王。禘、郊、祖、宗,谓祭祀以配食也。此禘,谓祭昊天於圜丘也。祭上帝於南郊,曰郊。祭五帝、五神於明堂,曰祖、宗,祖、宗通言尔。下有禘、郊、祖宗。《孝经》曰:“宗祀文王於明堂,以配上帝。”《明堂月令》:“春曰其帝大昊,其神句芒。夏曰其帝炎帝,其神祝融。中央曰其帝黄帝,其神后土。秋曰其帝少昊,其神蓐收。冬曰其帝颛顼,其神玄冥。”有虞氏以上尚德,禘、郊、祖、宗,配用有德者而已。自夏已下,稍用其姓代之,先后之次,有虞氏、夏后氏宜郊颛顼,殷人宜郊契。郊祭一帝,而明堂祭五帝,小德配寡,大德配众,亦礼之杀也。
○禘,大(da)(da)(da)计反(fan)(fan)。喾,口毒反(fan)(fan)。颛音专。顼,许(xu)玉(yu)反(fan)(fan)。鲧,本(ben)又作(zuo)<骨系>,古本(ben)反(fan)(fan),篇末皆(jie)同。冥(ming),莫经(jing)反(fan)(fan)。契(qi),息列反(fan)(fan),下(xia)同。圜音圆。大(da)(da)(da)昊音泰(tai),下(xia)“大(da)(da)(da)庙(miao)”、“大(da)(da)(da)祖”、“大(da)(da)(da)昊”同。昊,亦作(zuo)皞,胡老反(fan)(fan),下(xia)放(fang)此(ci)。句,古侯反(fan)(fan)。芒(mang)音亡。夏,户(hu)嫁反(fan)(fan),后“夏曰”皆(jie)同。少,诗召(zhao)反(fan)(fan),下(xia)放(fang)此(ci)。蓐(ru)音辱,本(ben)亦作(zuo)辱。以上,时掌反(fan)(fan),下(xia)“上去”、“以上”同。杀,色界反(fan)(fan),徐所例反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]“祭法”至“武王”。
○正义曰:此一经论有虞氏以下四代禘、郊、祖、宗所配之人。“有虞氏禘黄帝”者,谓虞氏冬至祭昊天上帝於圜丘,大禘之时,以黄帝配祭。
○“而郊喾”者,谓夏正建寅之月,祭感生之帝於南郊,以喾配也。
○“祖颛顼而宗尧”者,谓祭五天帝、五人帝及五人神於明堂,以颛顼及尧配之,故云“祖颛顼而宗尧”。祖,始也,言为道德之初始,故云“祖”也。宗,尊也,以有德可尊,故云“宗”。其夏后氏以下禘、郊、祖、宗,其义亦然,但所配之人当代各别。虞氏云“有”者,以虞字文单,故以有字配之,无义例也。夏云后氏者,后,君也,受位於君,故称后。殷周称人,以人所归往,故称人。此并熊氏之说也。
○注“禘郊”至“杀也”。
○正义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“此(ci)(ci)禘(di)(di)(di),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)昊(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)於(wu)(wu)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但经传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)称(cheng)禘(di)(di)(di)非(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)各殊。《论(lun)(lun)语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“禘(di)(di)(di)自(zi)(zi)既(ji)灌(guan)”,及《春秋(qiu)(qiu)》“禘(di)(di)(di)于大(da)(da)庙(miao)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《丧服小(xiao)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)禘(di)(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)自(zi)(zi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,及《左(zuo)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),不(bu)(bu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)禘(di)(di)(di)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)感(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)南郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)文(wen)(wen)既(ji)多,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)禘(di)(di)(di),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)昊(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)”。必(bi)知此(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)文(wen)(wen)在於(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian),郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)前(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),唯圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)耳。但《尔雅·释(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“禘(di)(di)(di),大(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)比馀处(chu)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),总(zong)得(de)称(cheng)禘(di)(di)(di)。案《圣证(zheng)论(lun)(lun)》:“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)禘(di)(di)(di)黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),是(shi)(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名,故(gu)(gu)(gu)《小(xiao)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)禘(di)(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)自(zi)(zi)出(chu)(chu)(chu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)’,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)虞(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)自(zi)(zi)黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”依(yi)《五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)本纪》黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)虞(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九世(shi)(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昌(chang)意(yi),昌(chang)意(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu),虞(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),是(shi)(shi)禘(di)(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)自(zi)(zi)出(chu)(chu)(chu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。肃(su)又(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)为(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)有(you)(you)(you)功,宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)有(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)不(bu)(bu)毁。肃(su)又(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)与(yu)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)即圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)肃(su)难(nan)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“案《易(yi)(yi)》‘帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)出(chu)(chu)(chu)乎震(zhen)’,‘震(zhen),东(dong)方’,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初,故(gu)(gu)(gu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)制之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。初以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)木德(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia),非(fei)(fei)(fei)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木精之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)皆黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun),各改号代(dai)变(bian),而(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行为(wei)(wei)次(ci)(ci)焉(yan)。何(he)大(da)(da)微之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精所(suo)(suo)(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)乎?又(you)(you)(you)(you)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)感(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),唯祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)耳’。《郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)特牲》何(he)得(de)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)报天(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)主日’?又(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)已,何(he)得(de)有(you)(you)(you)六?又(you)(you)(you)(you)《家(jia)语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘季(ji)康子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)问五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行,木、火(huo)、金、水及土,四分时化育(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)’。是(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)佐也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),犹(you)(you)三(san)(san)公(gong)辅(fu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),三(san)(san)公(gong)可(ke)得(de)称(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)辅(fu),不(bu)(bu)得(de)称(cheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)可(ke)得(de)称(cheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)佐,不(bu)(bu)得(de)称(cheng)上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)。而(er)(er)(er)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)灵(ling)威仰(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,非(fei)(fei)(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。玄(xuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)昊(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)最为(wei)(wei)首(shou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)立后(hou)稷(ji)(ji)庙(miao),不(bu)(bu)立喾庙(miao),是(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)尊喾不(bu)(bu)若后(hou)稷(ji)(ji)。及文(wen)(wen)、武(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)喾配(pei)(pei)(pei)至重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian),何(he)轻重颠倒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失?所(suo)(suo)(suo)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),犹(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内与(yu)京师(shi),异(yi)名而(er)(er)(er)同(tong)处(chu)。”又(you)(you)(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)肃(su)、孔(kong)晁云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“虞(yu)、夏(xia)(xia)出(chu)(chu)(chu)黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),殷、周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)出(chu)(chu)(chu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾,《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)》四代(dai)禘(di)(di)(di)此(ci)(ci)二帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),上(shang)下(xia)相证(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘天(tian)(tian)(tian)命玄(xuan)鸟’,‘履帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)武(wu)(wu)敏(min)歆’,自(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)正义(yi)(yi),非(fei)(fei)(fei)谶纬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妖说(shuo)。”此(ci)(ci)皆王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)肃(su)难(nan),大(da)(da)略如(ru)此(ci)(ci)。而(er)(er)(er)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)必(bi)为(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)释(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),马昭(zhao)申郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)禘(di)(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)自(zi)(zi)出(chu)(chu)(chu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案文(wen)(wen)自(zi)(zi)了,不(bu)(bu)待师(shi)说(shuo)。则(ze)(ze)(ze)始祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)自(zi)(zi)出(chu)(chu)(chu),非(fei)(fei)(fei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)谁(shei)?《河(he)图(tu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘姜原履大(da)(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)稷(ji)(ji),大(da)(da)姒梦大(da)(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)死(si)而(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)’,又(you)(you)(you)(you)《中候(hou)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘姬(ji)昌(chang),苍帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)’,经、纬所(suo)(suo)(suo)说(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)文(wen)(wen)。又(you)(you)(you)(you)《孝(xiao)(xiao)经》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀后(hou)稷(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)’,则(ze)(ze)(ze)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)配(pei)(pei)(pei)苍帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)灵(ling)威仰(yang)。汉氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及魏(wei)据(ju)此(ci)(ci)义(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)各配(pei)(pei)(pei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行。《易(yi)(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):‘帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)出(chu)(chu)(chu)乎震(zhen)。’自(zi)(zi)论(lun)(lun)八(ba)卦养(yang)万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)於(wu)(wu)四时,不(bu)(bu)据(ju)感(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)(suo)(suo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)(you)(you)(you)张融(rong)评(ping)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“若依(yi)《大(da)(da)戴礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》及《史记(ji)》,稷(ji)(ji)、契及尧(yao)(yao)俱帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),尧(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)贤弟七(qi)十(shi),不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)须舜举之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)然(ran)明(ming)(ming)(ming)矣(yi)。汉氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),尧(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)刘媪感(gan)(gan)(gan)赤龙而(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),薄姬(ji)亦感(gan)(gan)(gan)而(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),汉为(wei)(wei)尧(yao)(yao)夙而(er)(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)火(huo)德(de)(de)。大(da)(da)魏(wei)绍虞(yu),同(tong)符(fu)土行。又(you)(you)(you)(you)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)删《书》,求(qiu)史记(ji),得(de)黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)玄(xuan)孙(sun)(sun)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)魁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书。若五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)当(dang)身相传,何(he)得(de)有(you)(you)(you)玄(xuan)孙(sun)(sun)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)魁?”融(rong)据(ju)经典三(san)(san)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)非(fei)(fei)(fei)黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun)相续次(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)稽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)汤武(wu)(wu)革命不(bu)(bu)改稷(ji)(ji)、契之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行,二则(ze)(ze)(ze)验之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)魏(wei)与(yu)汉袭唐虞(yu)火(huo)土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),三(san)(san)则(ze)(ze)(ze)符(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尧(yao)(yao)舜汤武(wu)(wu)无(wu)同(tong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),四则(ze)(ze)(ze)验以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)魁继(ji)黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)非(fei)(fei)(fei)黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)马昭(zhao)、张融(rong)等申义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但张融(rong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)大(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),又(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)即郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),引董仲舒、刘向、马融(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)论(lun)(lun),皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)《孝(xiao)(xiao)经》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),与(yu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)肃(su)同(tong),非(fei)(fei)(fei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)(you)《春秋(qiu)(qiu)命历(li)序(xu)》:“炎帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)号曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)庭氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),传八(ba)世(shi)(shi)(shi),合(he)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)二十(shi)岁(sui)。黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)轩辕,传十(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi),二千五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)二十(shi)岁(sui)。次(ci)(ci)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)宣,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)少昊(hao),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)金天(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)穷(qiong)(qiong)桑氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)传八(ba)世(shi)(shi)(shi),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)岁(sui)。次(ci)(ci)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)高(gao)(gao)阳(yang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)传二十(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi),三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)岁(sui)。次(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾,即高(gao)(gao)辛(xin)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),传十(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi),四百(bai)(bai)岁(sui)。”此(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)据(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)《大(da)(da)戴礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》“少典产(chan)(chan)(chan)轩辕,是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);产(chan)(chan)(chan)玄(xuan)嚣(xiao)(xiao),玄(xuan)嚣(xiao)(xiao)产(chan)(chan)(chan)乔极(ji),乔极(ji)产(chan)(chan)(chan)高(gao)(gao)辛(xin),是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾;帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾产(chan)(chan)(chan)放勋,是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)尧(yao)(yao)。黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)产(chan)(chan)(chan)昌(chang)意(yi),昌(chang)意(yi)产(chan)(chan)(chan)高(gao)(gao)阳(yang),是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu);产(chan)(chan)(chan)穷(qiong)(qiong)蝉,穷(qiong)(qiong)蝉产(chan)(chan)(chan)敬康,敬康产(chan)(chan)(chan)句(ju)(ju)芒,句(ju)(ju)芒产(chan)(chan)(chan)蟜牛,蟜牛产(chan)(chan)(chan)瞽(gu)叟,瞽(gu)叟产(chan)(chan)(chan)重华,是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)舜;及产(chan)(chan)(chan)象敖。又(you)(you)(you)(you)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)产(chan)(chan)(chan)鲧,鲧产(chan)(chan)(chan)文(wen)(wen)命,是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)禹”。司马迁为(wei)(wei)《史记(ji)》依(yi)而(er)(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焉(yan),皆郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)所(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)取。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)神(shen)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)通言(yan)尔”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)月(yue)(yue)令》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“春曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)皞(hao),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)句(ju)(ju)芒”。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)时皆有(you)(you)(you)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及神(shen),又(you)(you)(you)(you)《月(yue)(yue)令》“季(ji)秋(qiu)(qiu)大(da)(da)享帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)神(shen)及五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)(you)《孝(xiao)(xiao)经》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)祀文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《孝(xiao)(xiao)经》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)祀文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)”,此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”,又(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”,是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)称(cheng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)通言(yan)尔”。《杂问志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“春曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)皞(hao),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)句(ju)(ju)芒。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)苍帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)灵(ling)威仰(yang),大(da)(da)皞(hao)食焉(yan)。句(ju)(ju)芒祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)庭。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)亦食焉(yan),又(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)武(wu)(wu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)》“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)而(er)(er)(er)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”,此(ci)(ci)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)合(he)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)。汉以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)散亡,《戴礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》文(wen)(wen)残缺,不(bu)(bu)审周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)何(he)月(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。於(wu)(wu)《月(yue)(yue)令》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)季(ji)秋(qiu)(qiu),此(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)武(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)(pei)(pei),皆於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang),上(shang)或解云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)神(shen)於(wu)(wu)下(xia),屈天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊而(er)(er)(er)就五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)神(shen)在庭,非(fei)(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)理也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),《郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)特牲》祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),而(er)(er)(er)在祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)上(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)感(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),特尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注《典瑞》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“所(suo)(suo)(suo)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)亦犹(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”。殊言(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),尊异(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)异(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)尚德(de)(de),禘(di)(di)(di)、郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),配(pei)(pei)(pei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)已”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)虞(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)禘(di)(di)(di)、郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆非(fei)(fei)(fei)虞(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲,是(shi)(shi)尚德(de)(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“自(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)已下(xia),稍用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)姓(xing)(xing)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),而(er)(er)(er)夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鲧,是(shi)(shi)稍用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)姓(xing)(xing)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但不(bu)(bu)尽用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)己姓(xing)(xing),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)稍也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“先后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci),有(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、夏(xia)(xia)后(hou)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu),殷人(ren)(ren)(ren)宜(yi)(yi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)契”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),今有(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)喾”,后(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)”;夏(xia)(xia)后(hou)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)鲧”,后(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)”;殷人(ren)(ren)(ren)先云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)冥”,后(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)契”:是(shi)(shi)在前(qian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)居后(hou),在后(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)居前(qian),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宜(yi)(yi)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),而(er)(er)(er)明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),小(xiao)德(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)寡,大(da)(da)德(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)众,亦礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杀(sha)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)虽尊,但祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)喾与(yu)鲧及冥、后(hou)稷(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等配(pei)(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),皆不(bu)(bu)如(ru)所(suo)(suo)(suo)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),是(shi)(shi)“小(xiao)德(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)寡”。明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)虽卑於(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),总(zong)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),而(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)、契、汤、文(wen)(wen)、武(wu)(wu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),皆优(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)配(pei)(pei)(pei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),是(shi)(shi)“大(da)(da)德(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)众,礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杀(sha)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。
燔柴於泰坛,祭天也。瘗埋於泰折,祭地也。用骍犊。坛、折,封土为祭处也。坛之言坦也。坦,明貌也。折,炤晢也。必为炤明之名,尊神也。地,阴祀,用黝牲,与天俱用犊,连言尔。
○燔(fan)音(yin)烦,《尔(er)雅(ya)》云“祭天曰燔(fan)柴”。坛,大丹反,下(xia)同(tong)。瘗(yi),於滞反。埋,武皆反,《尔(er)雅(ya)》云“祭地(di)曰瘗(yi)埋”。折,之设(she)(she)反,注同(tong);旧音(yin)逝,又音(yin)制。骍,私营反,《字林》云“火营反”。处,昌(chang)虑反。坦,吐但反。炤,本又作(zuo)昭,同(tong)章(zhang)遥反,又之召反。晢(zhe),之设(she)(she)反,一音(yin)制。黝,於纠反。
[疏]“燔柴”至“骍犊”。
○正义曰:此经论祭感生之帝於南郊、神州地祗於北郊也。
○“燔柴於泰坛”者,谓积薪於坛上,而取玉及牲置柴上燔之,使气达於天也。
○“用骍犊”,郑云“阴祀用黝牲,与天俱用犊,连言尔”,然宜用黑犊,今因言以骍犊祭天所用,而立其文祭地,承祭天之下,故连言用骍犊也。骍犊之义,已具《郊特牲》疏。
○“瘗埋於泰折,祭地也”者,谓瘗缯埋牲,祭神州地祗於北郊也。
○注“坛折”至“言尔”。
○正义(yi)曰:案(an)《礼(li)器》云(yun)“至(zhi)敬不坛”,此云(yun)“燔(fan)柴(chai)(chai)於泰坛”者,谓燔(fan)柴(chai)(chai)在(zai)坛,设(she)馔在(zai)地,义(yi)亦具(ju)《礼(li)器》及《郊(jiao)(jiao)特牲(sheng)》疏(shu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“地,阴(yin)祀(si)(si),用黝牲(sheng),与(yu)(yu)天(tian)俱用犊(du),连言尔”者,案(an)《牧(mu)人》云(yun)“阴(yin)祀(si)(si)用黝牲(sheng)毛之(zhi)”,郑康成(cheng)注云(yun):“阴(yin)祀(si)(si),祭(ji)地北(bei)郊(jiao)(jiao)及社稷也(ye)(ye)。”又《郊(jiao)(jiao)特牲(sheng)》云(yun)“郊(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)用犊(du),贵(gui)诚(cheng)也(ye)(ye)”。彼(bi)文虽(sui)主南郊(jiao)(jiao),其(qi)北(bei)郊(jiao)(jiao)与(yu)(yu)天(tian)相对,故知俱用犊(du)也(ye)(ye)。
埋少牢於泰昭,祭时也。相近於坎、坛,祭寒暑也。王宫,祭日也。夜明,祭月也。幽宗,祭星也。雩宗,祭水旱也。四坎、坛,祭四方也。山林、川谷、丘陵能出云,为风雨,见怪物,皆曰神。有天下者祭百神。诸侯在其地则祭之,亡其地则不祭。昭,明也,亦谓坛也。时,四时也,亦谓阴阳之神也。埋之者,阴阳出入於地中也。凡此以下,皆祭用少牢。相近,当为“禳祈”,声之误也。禳,犹卻也。祈,求也。寒暑不时,则或禳之,或祈之。寒於坎,暑於坛。王宫,日坛。王,君也,日称君。宫,坛,营域也。夜明,亦谓月坛也。宗,皆当为禜,字之误也。幽禜,亦谓星坛也,星以昏始见,禜之言营也。雩禜,亦谓水旱坛也。雩之言吁嗟也。《春秋传》曰:“日月星辰之神,则雪霜风雨之不时,於是乎禜之。山川之神,则水旱疠疫之不时,於是乎禜之。”四方,即谓山林、川谷、丘陵之神也。祭山林、丘陵於坛,川谷於坎,每方各为坎为坛。怪物,云气非常见者也。有天下,谓天子也。百者,假成数也。
○相近,依(yi)注读为禳,如(ru)羊反(fan);下音(yin)巨依(yi)反(fan),王肃(su)作“祖迎”也。坎,若感反(fan)。幽宗(zong)、雩(yu)宗(zong),并依(yi)注读为禜,荣敬反(fan)。王如(ru)字。见(jian),贤遍反(fan),注同。亡,如(ru)字,无(wu)也,一(yi)音(yin)无(wu)。吁,许(xu)于反(fan)。疫音(yin)役。
[疏]“埋少”至“不祭”。
○正义曰:此一节总明四时以下诸神所祭之处,及明天子诸侯之礼不同之事也。
○“埋少牢於泰昭,祭时也”者,谓祭四时阴阳之神也。泰昭,坛名也。昭,亦取明也,春夏为阳,秋冬为阴,若祈阴则埋牲,祈阳则不应埋之。今总云“埋”者,以阴阳之气俱出入於地中而生万物,故并埋之,以享阴阳为义也。用少牢者,降於天地也。自此以下及日月至山林,并少牢也,先儒并云不荐熟,唯杀牲埋之也。
○“相近於坎、坛,祭寒暑也”者,相近,当为禳祈,禳,卻也。寒暑之气应退而不退,则祭禳卻之,令退也。祈,求也。寒暑之气应至而不至,则祭求之,令至也。寒则於坎,寒阴也,暑则於坛,暑阳也。
○“王宫,祭日也”者,王,君也;宫,亦坛也,营域如宫也。日神尊,故其坛曰君宫也。
○“夜明,祭月也”者,夜明者,祭月坛名也。月明於夜,故谓其坛为夜明也。
○“幽宗,祭星也”者,祭星坛名也。幽,闇也。宗,当为禜,禜,坛域也。星至夜而出,故曰“幽”也。为营域而祭之,故曰“幽禜”也。
○“雩宗,祭水旱也”者,亦坛名也。雩,吁嗟也,水旱为人所吁嗟。禜,亦营域也,为营域而祭之,故曰“雩禜”也。
○“四坎、坛,祭四方也”者,谓山林、川谷、丘陵之神有益於人民者也。四方各为一坎一坛,坛以祭山林、丘陵,坎以祭川谷、泉泽,故言“坎、坛,祭四方也”。
○“山林、川谷、丘陵能出云,为风雨,见怪物,皆曰神”者,此明四坎、坛所祭之神也。怪物,庆云之属也。风雨云露并益於人,故皆曰神,而得祭也。
○“有天下者祭百神”者,有天下,谓天子也。祭百神者,即谓山林川谷,在天下而益民者也。天子祭天地四方,言“百神”,举全数也。
○“诸侯在其地则祭之”者,诸侯不得祭天地,若山林、川泽在其封内而益民者,则得祭之,如鲁之泰山、晋之河、楚之江汉是也。
○“亡其地则不祭”者,亡,无也。谓其境内地无此山川之等,则不得祭也。
○注“昭明”至“数也”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰(yue):“时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),亦(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)阴(yin)阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)阳(yang)神(shen),地(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阴(yin)神(shen)。春(chun)(chun)夏(xia)(xia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阳(yang),秋(qiu)冬为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阴(yin),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“亦(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)阴(yin)阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)”。言(yan)(yan)“亦(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)《周礼(li)(li)(li)·大宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯》备(bei)列诸(zhu)祀(si),而(er)不(bu)见祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、寒(han)(han)暑(shu)、水(shui)(shui)旱(han)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯》所(suo)谓(wei)(wei)依《周礼(li)(li)(li)》常(chang)祀(si),岁(sui)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)恒祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)所(suo)载,谓(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乖序,寒(han)(han)暑(shu)愆逆,水(shui)(shui)旱(han)失时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),须(xu)有(you)(you)(you)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),非(fei)关正(zheng)礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)列於(wu)(wu)《宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)康(kang)成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,谓(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)诸(zhu)神(shen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),故(gu)(gu)康(kang)成六(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)神(shen)尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),明非(fei)常(chang)礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)春(chun)(chun)、夏(xia)(xia)、秋(qiu)、冬四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)不(bu)和(he),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人害,故(gu)(gu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)气(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寒(han)(han)暑(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),或(huo)寒(han)(han)暑(shu)大甚(shen),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);或(huo)寒(han)(han)暑(shu)顿无(wu)(wu),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)旱(han)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),水(shui)(shui)甚(shen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui),旱(han)甚(shen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)旱(han),谓(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)旱(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)。若王(wang)(wang)肃(su)及先儒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),岁(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)礼(li)(li)(li),《宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯》不(bu)见,文(wen)不(bu)具也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。非(fei)郑(zheng)义(yi)(yi),今不(bu)取。云(yun)(yun)“凡此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia),皆(jie)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)少牢(lao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)埋少牢(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)在(zai)诸(zhu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首,故(gu)(gu)知“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)皆(jie)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)少牢(lao)”。案(an)(an)《小(xiao)司徒》“小(xiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si),奉牛牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”,则(ze)(ze)王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)无(wu)(wu)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)牛。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用(yong)(yong)少牢(lao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。必(bi)知祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)寒(han)(han)暑(shu)水(shui)(shui)旱(han),非(fei)岁(sui)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常(chang)祀(si),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)所(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)读(du)相近为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禳祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),读(du)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禜(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然案(an)(an)庄四(si)(si)十(shi)五年(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)传》云(yun)(yun)“凡天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)灾(zai),有(you)(you)(you)币(bi)无(wu)(wu)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)得用(yong)(yong)少牢(lao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)灾(zai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)日月(yue)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),示(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)戒惧。人君初有(you)(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)旱(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灾(zai),先须(xu)修(xiu)德,不(bu)当用(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),故(gu)(gu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)灾(zai)有(you)(you)(you)币(bi)无(wu)(wu)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng);若水(shui)(shui)旱(han)历时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)而(er)不(bu)止,则(ze)(ze)当用(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。故(gu)(gu)《诗·云(yun)(yun)汉》云(yun)(yun)“靡爱斯牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”,又郑(zheng)注《大祝》云(yun)(yun)“类、造(zao)、禬、禜(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),攻、说(shuo)(shuo)用(yong)(yong)币(bi)而(er)已”,故(gu)(gu)说(shuo)(shuo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灾(zai),又暂时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,且不(bu)假用(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)何休《膏肓》引(yin)《感精符》云(yun)(yun)“立推度以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)阳(yang),日食则(ze)(ze)鼓,用(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)社,朱丝(si)营(ying)社,鸣鼓胁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,《左(zuo)(zuo)氏》云(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)非(fei)常(chang),明《左(zuo)(zuo)氏》说(shuo)(shuo)非(fei)夫子(zi)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)》,於(wu)(wu)义(yi)(yi)《左(zuo)(zuo)氏》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)短。郑(zheng)箴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“用(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)宜用(yong)(yong)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)例(li),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)谶(chen)说(shuo)(shuo)正(zheng)阳(yang)、朱丝(si)、鸣鼓,岂说(shuo)(shuo)用(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谶(chen)用(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)社者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),取经(jing)宛句耳。”如郑(zheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)社,非(fei),当从《左(zuo)(zuo)氏》义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)皆(jie)当为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禜(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)“幽宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”、“雩(yu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi),义(yi)(yi)无(wu)(wu)所(suo)取。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)字(zi)与(yu)(yu)禜(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)字(zi)相近,故(gu)(gu)并读(du)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禜(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“禜(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)营(ying)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)庄二十(shi)五年(nian)《公羊传》云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朱丝(si)营(ying)社,或(huo)曰(yue)胁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),或(huo)曰(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)闇(an),恐人犯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)营(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)禜(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)营(ying)义(yi)(yi),故(gu)(gu)读(du)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禜(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。云(yun)(yun)“雩(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)吁嗟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《考异(yi)邮》云(yun)(yun)“雩(yu)呼吁嗟哭位”,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)雩(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吁嗟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引(yin)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)传》曰(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),昭元年(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)传》文(wen)。时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)晋侯(hou)有(you)(you)(you)疾(ji),卜(bu)实(shi)沈台骀为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)崇(chong),子(zi)产(chan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)对晋侯(hou),言(yan)(yan)晋侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾(ji)非(fei)由日月(yue)星(xing)辰及山(shan)川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)引(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证经(jing)中(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禜(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),禜(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)除去凶灾(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“百者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),假成数也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),计天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)山(shan)川、丘陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen),非(fei)但百数而(er)已,假此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)成数而(er)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案(an)(an)《圣证论》王(wang)(wang)肃(su)“六(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo),用(yong)(yong)《家(jia)语》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),寒(han)(han)暑(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),日也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),月(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),星(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),水(shui)(shui)旱(han)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”。孔注《尚书(shu)》亦(yi)(yi)同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。伏生(sheng)与(yu)(yu)马(ma)融(rong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、地(di)(di)(di)、四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。刘歆(xin)、孔晁(chao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乾坤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)六(liu)(liu),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。贾逵云(yun)(yun):“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)三,日、月(yue)、星(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。地(di)(di)(di)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)三,河(he)、海(hai)(hai)、岱(dai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《异(yi)义(yi)(yi)》:“今《尚书(shu)》欧阳(yang)夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)说(shuo)(shuo):六(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong):上(shang)(shang)(shang)不(bu)及天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),下(xia)不(bu)及地(di)(di)(di),旁不(bu)及四(si)(si)方、中(zhong)央,恍惚助(zhu)阴(yin)阳(yang)变化,有(you)(you)(you)益於(wu)(wu)人者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古(gu)《尚书(shu)》说(shuo)(shuo):天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)日、月(yue)、北(bei)辰,地(di)(di)(di)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)岱(dai)、河(he)、海(hai)(hai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日、月(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阴(yin)阳(yang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),北(bei)辰为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)星(xing)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),河(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),海(hai)(hai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泽(ze)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),岱(dai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。”许君谨案(an)(an):“与(yu)(yu)古(gu)《尚书(shu)》同。”郑(zheng)駮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun):“《书(shu)》云(yun)(yun)‘类于上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di),禋于六(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),望于山(shan)川’,既六(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)云(yun)(yun)禋,山(shan)川言(yan)(yan)望,则(ze)(ze)六(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)无(wu)(wu)山(shan)川明矣。《太宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯》云(yun)(yun):‘以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禋祀(si)祀(si)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)实(shi)柴(chai)祀(si)日月(yue)星(xing)辰,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)槱燎祀(si)司中(zhong)、司命、风(feng)师(shi)、雨师(shi)。凡此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)所(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),皆(jie)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’《郊(jiao)特牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》曰(yue):‘郊(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),大报天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)主(zhu)日也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’又《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)义(yi)(yi)》曰(yue):‘郊(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),大报天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)主(zhu)日,配以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)。’则(ze)(ze)郊(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)并祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)日、月(yue)可知。其馀星(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、辰也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、司中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、司命也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、风(feng)师(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、雨师(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)(wei)‘六(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)’亦(yi)(yi)明矣。”如郑(zheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan),六(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)称禋,则(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、日月(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)郊(jiao)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),又类于上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其馀为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)《礼(li)(li)(li)论》六(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),司马(ma)彪等各为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)异(yi)说(shuo)(shuo),既非(fei)郑(zheng)义(yi)(yi),今略而(er)不(bu)论。
大凡生於天地之间者皆曰命,其万物死皆曰折,人死曰鬼,此五代之所不变也。生时形体异,可同名。至死,腐为野士,异其名,嫌同也。折,弃败之言也。鬼之言归也。五代,谓黄帝、尧、舜、禹、汤,周之礼乐所存法也。
○大如字,徐音泰。腐音辅。七代之所更立者,禘、郊、宗、祖,其馀不变也。七代通数颛顼及喾也。所不变者,则数其所法而已。变之则通数所不法,为记者之微意也。少昊氏修黄帝之法,后王无所取焉。
○更,古行反。数(shu),色主反,下同。
[疏]“大凡”至“变也”。
○正义曰:此一节论人死与万物不同,及五代七代变与不变之,义各依文解之。
○“大凡生於天地之间者皆曰命”者,总包万物,故曰“大凡”。皆受天之赋命而生,故云“皆曰命”也。
○“其万物死皆曰折,人死曰鬼”者,万物无知,死者皆曰折。人为有识,故死曰鬼。
○“此五代之所不变也”者,言此之名号从黄帝正名百物以来,至尧舜禹汤及周所不变更也。
○“七代之所更立者,禘、郊、宗、祖”者,前论五代不变,此论七代更变者,故曰黄帝以下七代之所变易而立者,是禘之与郊及宗、祖也。
○“其馀不变也”者,除此禘、郊、宗、祖之外,其馀社稷、山川、五祀之等不改变也。上先祖后宗,此先宗后祖,故郑上注云“祖、宗通言尔”,又引此以证之。
○注“生时”至“法也”。
○正义曰:云“生时形体异,可同名”者,以生时形体既异,不嫌是同,故可名为命。云“至死腐为野土,异其名,嫌同也”者,人与万物死,至同为野士,嫌恐人与万物是同,故殊异其名,谓“万物死者曰折,人死曰鬼”,嫌其同故也。云“五代谓黄帝、尧、舜、禹、汤,周之礼乐所存法也”者,周有六乐,去周言之,唯五代。周备其乐,是周之礼乐所存法也。
○注“七代”至“取焉”。
○正义曰:知“通(tong)(tong)数(shu)颛(zhuan)顼(xu)及(ji)喾”者(zhe)(zhe),以上云(yun)禘、郊(jiao)(jiao)、祖(zu)、宗有颛(zhuan)顼(xu)及(ji)喾,又《易(yi)(yi)(yi)纬》及(ji)《乐纬》有五茎(jing)六英(ying),是(shi)颛(zhuan)顼(xu)及(ji)喾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐,故(gu)数(shu)颛(zhuan)顼(xu)及(ji)喾也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)变者(zhe)(zhe),则数(shu)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)法(fa)而(er)已”者(zhe)(zhe),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)变则上经是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。数(shu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)法(fa)则上经五代(dai)(dai)(dai)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。论不(bu)(bu)变者(zhe)(zhe),必数(shu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)法(fa)者(zhe)(zhe),以五代(dai)(dai)(dai)以来不(bu)(bu)变,至周(zhou)亦不(bu)(bu)变法(fa)而(er)象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)不(bu)(bu)变者(zhe)(zhe),数(shu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)法(fa)五代(dai)(dai)(dai)而(er)已。云(yun)“变之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则通(tong)(tong)数(shu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)法(fa)”者(zhe)(zhe),以前(qian)七(qi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)变易(yi)(yi)(yi)更立,至周(zhou)亦变易(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)象(xiang),故(gu)数(shu)变者(zhe)(zhe)通(tong)(tong)数(shu)颛(zhuan)顼(xu)、帝(di)喾所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)法(fa)象(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe),谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)“七(qi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)”也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“为(wei)记者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微意也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),为(wei),作(zuo)也(ye)(ye)。作(zuo)记者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有此微意也(ye)(ye),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以微意者(zhe)(zhe),谓作(zuo)记之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),周(zhou)法(fa)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)变,故(gu)数(shu)前(qian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)不(bu)(bu)变;周(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)变,亦数(shu)前(qian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)变,不(bu)(bu)指斥而(er)言,故(gu)云(yun)微意。云(yun)“少(shao)昊氏(shi)脩黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),后(hou)王无(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)取(qu)焉”者(zhe)(zhe),以《易(yi)(yi)(yi)纬》有黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)及(ji)颛(zhuan)顼(xu)以下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐,无(wu)(wu)少(shao)昊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐。又《易(yi)(yi)(yi)·系辞》云(yun):“神农(nong)氏(shi)没,黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)、尧(yao)、舜氏(shi)作(zuo)。”皆不(bu)(bu)云(yun)少(shao)昊,故(gu)知无(wu)(wu)取(qu)焉。《月令》“秋其(qi)(qi)帝(di)少(shao)昊”者(zhe)(zhe),直(zhi)以五行(xing)在(zai)金,唯托记之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。皇(huang)氏(shi)云(yun):“其(qi)(qi)馀不(bu)(bu)变者(zhe)(zhe),唯谓生曰命,万物死曰折,人(ren)死曰鬼。”若如皇(huang)说,前(qian)经既云(yun)“不(bu)(bu)变”,后(hou)经何(he)须重(zhong)云(yun)“不(bu)(bu)变”。后(hou)经既云(yun)“更立者(zhe)(zhe),禘、郊(jiao)(jiao)、宗、祖(zu)”,即云(yun)“其(qi)(qi)馀”,明此禘、郊(jiao)(jiao)、宗、祖(zu)外,其(qi)(qi)馀诸事不(bu)(bu)更立者(zhe)(zhe),皆不(bu)(bu)变也(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)可独(du)据前(qian)三事以外总包之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)社(she)稷神配(pei)祭,虽是(shi)更立,非当(dang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲,而(er)禘、郊(jiao)(jiao)改易(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。
天下有王,分地建国,置都立邑,设庙、祧、坛、墠而祭之,乃为亲疏多少之数。是故王立七庙,一坛一墠,曰考庙,曰王考庙,曰皇考庙,曰显考庙,曰祖考庙,皆月祭之。远庙为祧,有二祧,享尝乃止。去祧为坛,去坛为墠,坛、墠有祷焉,祭之;无祷,乃止。去墠曰鬼。诸侯立五庙,一坛一墠,曰考庙,曰王考庙,曰皇考庙,皆月祭之。显考庙,祖考庙,享尝乃止。去祖为坛,去坛为墠,坛、墠有祷焉,祭之;无祷,乃止。去墠为鬼。大夫立三庙二坛,曰考庙,曰王考庙,曰皇考庙,享尝乃止。显考、祖考无庙,有祷焉,为坛祭之。去坛为鬼。適士二庙一坛,曰考庙,曰王考庙,享尝乃止。显考无庙,有祷焉,为坛祭之。去坛为鬼。官师一庙,曰考庙,王考无庙而祭之,去王考为鬼。庶士、庶人无庙,死曰鬼。建国,封诸侯也。置都立邑,为卿大夫之采地及赐士有功者之地。庙之言貌也,宗庙者,先祖之尊貌也。祧之言超也,超上去意也。封土曰坛,除地曰墠。《书》曰:“三坛同墠。”王、皇,皆君也。显,明也。祖,始也。名先人以君明始者,所以尊本之意也。天子迁庙之主,以昭穆合藏於二祧之中。诸侯无祧,藏於祖考之庙中。《聘礼》曰“不腆先君之祧”,是谓始祖庙也。享尝,谓时之祭,天子、诸侯为坛、墠,所祷谓后迁在祧者也。既事则反其主於祧,鬼亦在祧,顾远之於无事,祫乃祭之尔。《春秋》文二年秋“大事於大庙”,传曰“毁庙之主,陈于大祖,未毁庙之主,皆升合食於大祖”是也。鲁踄公者,伯禽之子也,至昭公、定公,久已为鬼,而季氏祷之,而立其宫,则鬼之主在祧明矣。唯天子、诸侯有主禘、祫,大夫有祖考者,亦鬼其百世,不禘、祫无王尔。其无祖考者,庶士以下鬼其考、王考,官师鬼其皇考,大夫、適士鬼其显考而已。大夫祖考,谓别子也。凡鬼者,荐而不祭。《王制》曰:“大夫、士有田则祭,无田则荐。”適士,上士也。官师,中士、下士。庶士,府史之属。此適士云“显考无庙”,非也。当为“皇考”,字之误。
○庙,本亦作(zuo)庿,古字。墠音(yin)善。祷,丁老反(fan)(fan),一(yi)音(yin)丁报反(fan)(fan)。適,丁历(li)反(fan)(fan),篇内同(tong)。显(xian)考无(wu)庙,显(xian)音(yin)皇(huang),出注。采,七代反(fan)(fan)。昭,上遥(yao)反(fan)(fan)。腆,他典(dian)反(fan)(fan)。祫音(yin)洽。踄(bo),馀让反(fan)(fan),徐音(yin)伤。
[疏]“天下”至“曰鬼”。
○正义曰:此一经明天子以下尊卑既异,上祭祖庙多少不同之事。“天下有王”者,谓上天之下,有天子之王。
○“分地建国”者,此既王天下,分九州之地,建立诸侯之国。
○“置都立邑”者,天子王畿之内及诸侯国中,置此公卿之都,立大夫、士之邑也。
○“设庙、祧、坛、墠而祭之,乃为亲疏多少之数”者,则以下所云是也。
○“王立七庙”者,亲四,始祖一,文、武不迁,合为七庙也。“一坛一墠”者,七庙之外,又立坛、墠各一也。起土为坛,除地曰墠。近者起土,远亲除地,示将去然也。
○“曰考庙”者,父庙曰考,考,成也。谓父有成德之美也。
○“曰王考庙”者,祖庙也。王,君也。君考者,言祖有君成之德也,祖尊於父,故加君名也。
○“曰皇考庙”者,曾祖也。皇,大也,君也。曾祖转尊,又加大君之称也。
○“曰显考庙”者,高祖也。显,明高祖居四庙最上,故以高祖目之。
○“曰祖考庙”者,祖,始也。此庙为王家之始,故云“祖考”也。计则祖考之庙当在二祧、坛、墠之上,应合在后始陈,今在此言之者,因皇考、显考同皆月祭之,故此先言之。
○“皆月祭之”者,此之五庙则并同,日月祭之也。
○“远庙为祧”者,远庙谓文、武庙也。文、武庙在应迁之例,故云“远庙”也。特为功德而留,故谓为祧,祧之言超也,言其超然上去也。
○“有二祧”者,有文、武二庙不迁,故云“有二祧”焉。
○“享尝乃止”者,享尝,四时祭祀,文、武特留,故不得月祭,但四时祭而巳。
○“去祧为坛”者,谓高祖之父也。若是昭行,寄藏武王祧。若是穆行,即寄藏文王祧,不得四时而祭之。若有四时之祈祷,则出就坛受祭也。
○“去坛为墠”者,谓高祖之祖也,不得在坛。若有祈祷则出就墠受祭也。高祖之父,既初寄在祧,而不得於祧中受祭,故曰“去祧”也。高祖之祖,经在坛而今不得祭,故云“去坛”也。坛、墠有祷焉,祭之者在坛、墠者,不得享尝,应有祈祷於坛、墠乃祭之也。
○“无祷乃止”者,若无所祈祷,则不得祭也。
○“去墠曰鬼”者,若又有从坛迁来墠者,则此前在墠者,迁入石函为鬼。虽有祈祷,亦不得及,唯禘、祫乃出也。
○“诸侯立五庙,一坛一墠”者,降天子,故止有五庙。坛、墠与天子同。无功德之祖为二祧也。
○“曰考庙,曰王考庙,曰皇考庙,皆月祭之”者,天子月祭五,诸侯卑,故唯得月祭三也。
○“显考庙,祖考庙,享尝乃止”者,显考,高祖也;祖考,大祖也。大祖乃不迁,而与高祖并不得月祭,止预四时,又降天子也。
○“去祖为坛”者,去祖,谓去大祖也,即高祖之父,诸侯无功德二祧,若高祖之父亦迁,即寄大祖,而不得於大祖庙受时祭。唯有祈祷,则去大祖而往坛受祭也。
○“大夫立三庙二坛”者,大夫异於君,故立二坛,而不墠也。
○“显考、祖考无庙”者,以其卑,故高祖、大祖无庙也。
○“有祷焉,为坛祭之”者,大夫无主,故无所寄藏,而高、大二祖既又无庙,若应有祈祷,则为坛祭之。二坛之设,实为於此矣。然墠轻於坛,今二坛无墠者,为大祖虽无庙,犹重之故也。
○“去坛为鬼”者,谓高祖若迁去於坛,则为鬼,不复得祭,但荐之於大祖坛而已。若大夫有大祖之庙者,其义已具在《王制》疏。
○“適士二庙一坛”者,上士也。天子三等,诸侯上士,悉二庙一坛也。
○“显考无庙”者,显,当为皇。皇考,曾祖也。曾祖无庙也。
○“有祷焉,为坛祭之曾祖既无庙若有祈祷则为坛祭之一坛之设为於此也。亦无祷乃止。
○“去坛为鬼者”,谓曾祖若迁去於坛,则为鬼,不复祭也。
○“官师一庙”者,谓诸侯中士、下上也。谓为官师者,言为一官之长也。一庙,祖、祢共之,又无坛也。
○“曰考庙”者,为父立之也。
○“王考无庙而祭之”者,王考,祖也。虽无庙而犹获祭也。谓在考庙者。
○“去王考为鬼”者,谓曾祖则不得祭,又无坛。若有祈祷,则荐之於庙也。
○“庶士、庶人无庙”者,庶士,府史之属。庶人,平民也。贱,故无庙也。
○“死曰鬼”者,既无庙,故死则曰鬼。鬼亦得荐之於寝也。《王制》云“庶人祭於寝”是也。
○注“建国”至“之误”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):引(yin)“《书》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)三(san)(san)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)同(tong)墠”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证坛(tan)(tan)(tan)、墠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。案(an)(an)《金(jin)縢(teng)》“武(wu)王(wang)(wang)有(you)(you)疾,周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)请命,为(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)同(tong)墠,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)季、文(wen)王(wang)(wang)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)三(san)(san)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)、皇(huang)皆君(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。显(xian)(xian),明(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),始也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆《尔(er)雅·释诂》文(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天子(zi)迁(qian)(qian)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)昭(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)合(he)(he)藏於二(er)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),昭(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迁(qian)(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)数虽(sui)多(duo),总合(he)(he)藏武(wu)王(wang)(wang)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)中。穆(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迁(qian)(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),总合(he)(he)藏文(wen)王(wang)(wang)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)中。故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注《周(zhou)(zhou)礼·守(shou)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)》“先公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)迁(qian)(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),藏於后稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。先王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迁(qian)(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),藏于文(wen)、武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)必知(zhi)然者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)文(wen)二(er)年(nian)(nian)八月丁(ding)卯(mao)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事于大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”,《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何?大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祫(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。毁(hui)(hui)(hui)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),陈于太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”。是毁(hui)(hui)(hui)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),祫(xia)(xia)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)陈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)窋以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)先公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)迁(qian)(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藏于后稷庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。文(wen)、武(wu)二(er)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)毁(hui)(hui)(hui),则文(wen)武(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)迁(qian)(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可越文(wen)、武(wu)上(shang)藏后稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)藏於文(wen)、武(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此迁(qian)(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)藏曰(yue)(yue)(yue)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是对(dui)例言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。若散而(er)通(tong)论,则凡(fan)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)昭(zhao)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)敢爱丰氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)”,彼祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),远(yuan)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。襄九年(nian)(nian)《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“君(jun)冠,必以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)处之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”服虔注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鲁襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)於时(shi)冠於卫(wei)(wei)成公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),成公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是卫(wei)(wei)今(jin)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“享(xiang)(xiang)尝(chang),谓四时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),秋尝(chang)物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)备具,故(gu)(gu)(gu)持举(ju)享(xiang)(xiang)尝(chang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)四时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。此经(jing)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、祢月祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),《楚语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“日祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)祢”,非(fei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)《异(yi)义(yi)》駮郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)亦(yi)在(zai)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),顾远(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於无(wu)事,祫(xia)(xia)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尔(er)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)、墠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)祈祷(dao)礼毕,乃(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。去(qu)墠为(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),亦(yi)如坛(tan)(tan)(tan)、墠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藏在(zai)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“亦(yi)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既俱在(zai)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)特名(ming)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),反顾以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)疏远(yuan),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)无(wu)事,唯祫(xia)(xia)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)特曰(yue)(yue)(yue)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引(yin)《春(chun)(chun)秋》文(wen)二(er)年(nian)(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证毁(hui)(hui)(hui)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),祫(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)及。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鲁炀(yang)(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),自伯(bo)禽(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),至(zhi)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、定(ding)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),久已(yi)为(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),而(er)季氏祷(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)立(li)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宫,则鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)明(ming)(ming)矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)引(yin)更证明(ming)(ming)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)恒在(zai)。《春(chun)(chun)秋》定(ding)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)立(li)炀(yang)(yang)宫,依(yi)《世(shi)(shi)(shi)本》,炀(yang)(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),伯(bo)禽(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi),定(ding)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)始立(li)炀(yang)(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宫,于时(shi)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出(chu)、定(ding)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)未入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前,季氏祷(dao)于炀(yang)(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),明(ming)(ming)知(zhi)于炀(yang)(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)而(er)祷(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“唯天子(zi)、诸侯(hou)有(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)禘(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》天子(zi)诸侯(hou)有(you)(you)禘(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)有(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)世(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)三(san)(san)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),一(yi)(yi)昭(zhao)一(yi)(yi)穆(mu)(mu),与(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)而(er)三(san)(san)”,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)即是大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao),既有(you)(you)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao),明(ming)(ming)应迁(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)币招其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神而(er)藏焉,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“亦(yi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)世(shi)(shi)(shi)”。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)若无(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao),只(zhi)得(de)立(li)曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)与(yu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及父(fu)三(san)(san)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)而(er)已(yi),则不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)百(bai)世(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)禘(di)(di)(di)、祫(xia)(xia)无(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)尔(er)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),虽(sui)有(you)(you)百(bai)世(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)禘(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)无(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)尔(er)。案(an)(an)《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》卫(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)孔悝有(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)《驳异(yi)义(yi)》从《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》说(shuo)(shuo)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)无(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”,许(xu)君(jun)谨(jin)(jin)案(an)(an)“卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)无(wu)昭(zhao)穆(mu)(mu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)有(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“孔悝祏主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)出(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun),为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)耳(er)”。宗庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)木,案(an)(an)《异(yi)义(yi)》:“今(jin)《春(chun)(chun)秋公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》说(shuo)(shuo)‘祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),孝子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)系心,夏(xia)后氏以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)松,殷人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)柏,周(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)栗’。又(you)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》说(shuo)(shuo)‘虞主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)桑,练主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)栗’,无(wu)夏(xia)后氏以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)松为(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。许(xu)君(jun)谨(jin)(jin)案(an)(an):‘从《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》说(shuo)(shuo)’,《论语》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘谓社主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氏无(wu)驳,从许(xu)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi),案(an)(an)《汉仪(yi)》:“高帝庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)九寸,前方后圆,围一(yi)(yi)尺(chi)。后主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)七寸。”文(wen)二(er)年(nian)(nian)作僖公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),何休云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)状正(zheng)方,穿中央,达四方。天子(zi)长(zhang)一(yi)(yi)尺(chi)二(er)寸,诸侯(hou)长(zhang)一(yi)(yi)尺(chi)。”此是木主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)无(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)既明(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),此明(ming)(ming)无(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓庶士(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)及官(guan)师(shi)等,并適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)士(shi)(shi)等,总举(ju)有(you)(you)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)於前,历说(shuo)(shuo)无(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)於下(xia)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“庶士(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)、王(wang)(wang)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此即无(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)色。庶士(shi)(shi)及庶人(ren)无(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)父(fu)与(yu)於寝中荐(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“官(guan)师(shi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)皇(huang)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此又(you)是无(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)色,官(guan)师(shi)一(yi)(yi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、祢共之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)无(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)皇(huang)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)於祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),而(er)荐(jian)皇(huang)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)士(shi)(shi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)显(xian)(xian)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此又(you)是无(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)色,適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)士(shi)(shi)得(de)立(li)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、祢二(er)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),又(you)立(li)曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)一(yi)(yi)坛(tan)(tan)(tan),唯高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)显(xian)(xian)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)”而(er)已(yi)。就曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坛(tan)(tan)(tan),而(er)荐(jian)显(xian)(xian)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao),诸本或云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)、適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)士(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)显(xian)(xian)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao),於义(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)。庾(yu)氏云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao),谓别(bie)(bie)子(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao),谓别(bie)(bie)子(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’。”谓於周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)(shi),别(bie)(bie)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)后世(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)孙立(li)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)毁(hui)(hui)(hui),谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)。虽(sui)於周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)(shi),非(fei)别(bie)(bie)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),但立(li)父(fu)、祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)三(san)(san)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),无(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则经(jing)中三(san)(san)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若夏(xia)、殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)(shi),虽(sui)非(fei)别(bie)(bie)子(zi),但始爵者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)及异(yi)姓为(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后世(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)孙皆立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao),此义(yi)已(yi)具於《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)荐(jian)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)荐(jian)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei),则鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)与(yu)见(jian)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事何异(yi)?若都不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)荐(jian)祀(si),何须(xu)存(cun)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)?荐(jian)轻於祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)疏於庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)荐(jian)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)士(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘显(xian)(xian)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)无(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)’,非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)士(shi)(shi)二(er)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、祢庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)无(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“显(xian)(xian)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)无(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,是显(xian)(xian)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)当(dang)为(wei)(wei)皇(huang)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao),字(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)误也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
王为群姓立社,曰大社。王自为立社,曰王社。诸侯为百姓立社,曰国社。诸侯自为立社,曰侯社。大夫以下成群立社,曰置社。群,众也。大夫以下,谓下至庶人也。大夫不得特立社,与民族居。百家以上则共立一社,今时里社是也。《郊特牲》曰:“唯为社事单出里。”
○为,于伪(wei)反,下(xia)皆同。注“为社事”亦同。
[疏]“王为”至“置社”。
○正义曰:此一经明天子以下立社之义。
○“王为群姓立社,曰大社”者,群姓,谓百官以下及兆民,言群姓者,包百官也。大社在库门之内之右,故《小宗伯》云“右社稷”。
○“王自为立社,曰王社”者,其王社所在,《书传》无文,或云与大社同处,王社在大社之西。崔氏并云“王社在藉田,王自所祭,以供粢盛”。今从其说,故《诗·颂》云“春藉田而祈社稷”是也。其诸侯国社亦在公宫之右,侯社在藉田。
○“大夫以下成群立社,曰置社”者,大夫以下,谓包士、庶。成群聚而居,其群众满百家以上,得立社,为众特置,故曰“置社”。
○注“群众”至“出里”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:此云(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)夫以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下”,谓下至(zhi)士庶人(ren)(ren)者(zhe),谓大(da)(da)(da)夫至(zhi)庶人(ren)(ren)等共在一(yi)处也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)夫不得特(te)(te)立社(she)(she)(she),与民(min)(min)族居。百(bai)家以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上则共立一(yi)社(she)(she)(she),今(jin)时里社(she)(she)(she)是也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)夫,北面之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen),不得自专土(tu)地,故(gu)(gu)不得特(te)(te)立社(she)(she)(she),社(she)(she)(she)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为民(min)(min),故(gu)(gu)与民(min)(min)居。百(bai)家以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上,则可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立社(she)(she)(she)。知百(bai)家者(zhe),《诗·颂(song)》云(yun)“百(bai)室盈止,杀时犉牡”。故(gu)(gu)曰百(bai)家,言以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上,皆(jie)不限多(duo)少,故(gu)(gu)郑《驳异义(yi)》引《州(zhou)长职》曰“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)岁时祭祀州(zhou)社(she)(she)(she)”,是二千五(wu)百(bai)家为社(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)。虽(sui)云(yun)“百(bai)家以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上”,唯治民(min)(min)大(da)(da)(da)夫乃得立社(she)(she)(she),故(gu)(gu)郑《驳异义(yi)》云(yun)“有(you)国及治民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)夫,乃有(you)社(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)”是也(ye)(ye)。此大(da)(da)(da)夫所(suo)主立社(she)(she)(she)稷(ji),则田(tian)(tian)主是也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)郑《驳异义(yi)》引《大(da)(da)(da)司徒职》云(yun)“树(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)主,各以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其野之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)宜木,遂以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)其社(she)(she)(she)与其野”,注云(yun)“田(tian)(tian)主,田(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen),后土(tu)、田(tian)(tian)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)依也(ye)(ye)”。后土(tu)则社(she)(she)(she)神(shen)(shen),田(tian)(tian)正(zheng)则稷(ji)神(shen)(shen)。其义(yi)已具《郊(jiao)特(te)(te)牲》疏。
王为群姓立七祀,曰司命,曰中霤,曰国门,曰国行,曰泰厉,曰户,曰灶。王自为立七祀。诸侯为国立五祀,曰司命,曰中霤,曰国门,曰国行,曰公厉。诸侯自为立五祀。大夫立三祀,曰族厉,曰门,曰行。適士立二祀,曰门,曰行。庶士、庶人立一祀,或立户,或立灶。此非大神所祈报大事者也,小神居人之间,司察小过,作谴告者尔。《乐记》曰:“明则有礼乐,幽则有鬼神。”鬼神谓此与?司命,主督察三命。中霤,主堂室居处。门、户,主出入。行,主道路行作。厉,主杀罚。灶,主饮食之事。《明堂月令》:“春曰其祀户,祭先脾。夏曰其祀灶,祭先肺。中央曰其祀中霤,祭先心。秋曰其祀门,祭先肝。冬曰其祀行,祭先肾。”《聘礼》曰使者出,“释币於行”;归,“释币於门”。《士丧礼》曰“疾病”,“祷於五祀”。司命与厉,其时不著。今时民家,或春秋祠司命、行神、山神,门、户、灶在旁,是必春祠司命,秋祠厉也。或者合而祠之。山即厉也,民恶言厉,巫祝以厉,山为之,缪乎!《春秋传》曰:“鬼有所归,乃不为厉。”
○霤,力又反(fan)(fan)。谴,弃战反(fan)(fan)。此与(yu)音(yin)(yin)馀。脾,婢支反(fan)(fan)。肺,芳废反(fan)(fan)。肝音(yin)(yin)干。肾,上忍反(fan)(fan)。使,色厉反(fan)(fan)。恶言(yan),乌路反(fan)(fan)。缪音(yin)(yin)谬(miu)。
[疏]“王为”至“或立灶”。
○正义曰:此一经明天子以下立七祀、五祀之义。
○“曰司命”者,宫中小神。熊氏云:“非天之司命,故祭於宫中。”皇氏云“司命者,文昌宫星”,其义非也。
○“曰中霤”者,主堂室神。
○“曰国门”者,国门谓城门也。
○“曰国行”者,谓行神在国门外之西。
○“曰泰厉”者,谓古帝王无后者也。此鬼无所依归,好为民作祸,故祀之也。
○“王自为立七祀”者,前是为民所立,与众共之,四时常祀,及为群姓祷祀。其自为立者,王自祷祭,不知其当同是一神,为是别更立七祀也。
○“诸侯为国立五祀”者,减天子户、灶二祀,故为立五祀也。
○“曰公厉”者,谓古诸侯无后者,诸侯称公,其鬼为厉,故曰“公厉”。
○“诸侯自为立五祀”者,义与天子同。
○“大夫立三祀”者,减诸侯司命、中霤,故为祀也。
○“曰族厉”者,谓古大夫无后者鬼也。族,众也。大夫众多,其鬼无后者众,故言“族厉”。
○“曰门,曰行”者,其大夫无民、国,故不言“国门、国行”也。然郑注《曲礼》“大夫五祀,为夏、殷法”,注《王制》“大夫五祀,是有采地者”,郑何以知然?《曲礼》文连於“大夫五祀”,故知非周,而《王制》立七庙,故知是周礼。以彼推此,大夫三祀,则周诸侯之大夫无地者也。
○注“此非”至“为厉”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):“小神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)居人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)(jian),司(si)(si)察小过(guo),作(zuo)谴(qian)告(gao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)非郊庙(miao)社(she)稷大神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“小神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)门、户(hu)(hu)、灶(zao)等,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知居人(ren)(ren)间(jian)(jian)也(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)所(suo)祈,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知司(si)(si)察小过(guo)。作(zuo)谴(qian)告(gao),谓(wei)(wei)作(zuo)谴(qian)责以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告(gao)人(ren)(ren)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“幽则有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鬼(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),鬼(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)谓(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)与(yu)(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)礼(li):天神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、人(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)、地祗,皆列其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名。《乐记(ji)》直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“幽则有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鬼(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”,是(shi)(shi)幽闇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)细小之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),谓(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)小祀(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)(yu)?与(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)疑(yi)辞(ci)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“司(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),主(zhu)(zhu)督察三(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《援神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)契(qi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)科,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保庆,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)遭命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谪(zhe)暴,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)随命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)督行(xing)。受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)谓(wei)(wei)年寿也(ye)。遭命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)谓(wei)(wei)行(xing)善而(er)遇凶也(ye)。随命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)谓(wei)(wei)随其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)善恶(e)而(er)报之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《聘礼(li)》曰(yue)使者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),出释币於(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing);归,释币於(wu)(wu)(wu)门”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证大夫有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)门、行(xing)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《士丧礼(li)》曰(yue)疾病(bing),祷於(wu)(wu)(wu)五祀(si)(si)(si)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证祀(si)(si)(si)亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)五祀(si)(si)(si)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“司(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)与(yu)(yu)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)时(shi)不(bu)著(zhu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀五祀(si)(si)(si),《月令(ling)》所(suo)祀(si)(si)(si),皆著(zhu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)时(shi),唯司(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)与(yu)(yu)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)祀(si)(si)(si)时(shi)不(bu)显(xian)著(zhu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“今(jin)时(shi)民(min)家,或(huo)春秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)祠(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、行(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、门、户(hu)(hu)、灶(zao)在旁”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)无(wu)文,故(gu)(gu)(gu)引今(jin)汉(han)时(shi)民(min)家或(huo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)春秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)二时(shi)祠(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、行(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)。民(min)或(huo)然,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“或(huo)”也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祀(si)(si)(si)此(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、行(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),门、户(hu)(hu)、灶(zao)三(san)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)在诸(zhu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旁,列位而(er)祭也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)(shi)必春祠(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)祠(ci)(ci)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),汉(han)时(shi)既春秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)俱祠(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)与(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),则是(shi)(shi)周时(shi)必应春祠(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),司(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)主(zhu)(zhu)长养(yang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)祠(ci)(ci)在春。厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)主(zhu)(zhu)杀(sha)害(hai),故(gu)(gu)(gu)祠(ci)(ci)在秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)合(he)(he)而(er)祠(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑又疑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)见(jian)汉(han)时(shi)司(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)与(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)春秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)合(he)(he)祭,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)合(he)(he)而(er)祠(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)即(ji)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)汉(han)时(shi)祭司(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、行(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、门、户(hu)(hu)、灶(zao)等,此(ci)(ci)经(jing)亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)司(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、门、行(xing)、户(hu)(hu)、灶(zao)等,汉(han)时(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而(er)无(wu)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),此(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)而(er)无(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)即(ji)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“民(min)恶(e)言厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),巫(wu)祝以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑解厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)称山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。汉(han)时(shi)人(ren)(ren)民(min)嫌(xian)恶(e)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),汉(han)时(shi)巫(wu)祝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),意(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)是(shi)(shi)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谬(miu)乎”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)巫(wu)祝以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui),於(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)谬(miu)乎!所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)谬(miu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),鬼(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)后(hou),於(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)氏有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)柱,世祀(si)(si)(si)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),何(he)得其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鬼(gui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谬(miu)”也(ye)。引《春秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)传》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),昭(zhao)七年《左(zuo)传》文。於(wu)(wu)(wu)时(shi)郑良霄(xiao)被杀(sha)而(er)死,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鬼(gui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)产立(li)良霄(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)良止为(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou),子(zi)(zi)(zi)大叔问其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu)(gu)(gu),子(zi)(zi)(zi)产曰(yue)“鬼(gui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)归,乃不(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)氏既有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)归,不(bu)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。
王下祭殇五:適子、適孙、適曾孙、適玄孙、適来孙。诸侯下祭三,大夫下祭二,適士及庶人祭子而止。祭適殇者,重適也。祭適殇於庙之奥,谓之阴厌。王子、公子祭其適殇於其党之庙。大夫以下、庶子祭其適殇於宗子之家,皆当室之白,谓之阳厌。凡庶殇不祭。
○殇音伤。奥,乌报反(fan)(fan)。厌,於艳反(fan)(fan)。下同。
[疏]“王下”至“而止”。
○正义曰:此明天子以下祭殇之差也。
○注“王子、公子祭其適殇於其党之庙”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):王(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi),谓王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi);公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi),谓诸(zhu)侯(hou)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi),不得(de)为先王(wang)(wang)先公(gong)(gong)立庙,无处可祭適殇,故祭於党(dang)之(zhi)庙。谓王(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)、公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)但为卿(qing)大夫,得(de)自立庙,与王(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)、公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)同者,就其庙而祭之(zhi)。適殇其义(yi),已具《曾子(zi)(zi)问》。
夫圣王之制祭祀也,法施於民则祀之,以死勤事则祀之,以劳定国则祀之,能御大菑则祀之,能捍大患则祀之。是故厉山氏之有天下也,其子曰农,能殖百穀。夏之衰也,周弃继之,故祀以为稷。共工氏之霸九州也,其子曰后土,能平九州,故祀以为社。帝喾能序星辰以著众,尧能赏均刑法以义终,舜勤众事而野死,鲧鄣鸿水而殛死,禹能脩鲧之功,黄帝正名百物以明民共财,颛顼能脩之,契为司徒而民成,冥勤其官而水死,汤以宽治民而除其虐,文王以文治,武王以武功去民之菑,此皆有功烈於民者也;及夫日、月、星辰,民所瞻仰也,山林、川谷、丘陵,民所取财用也。非此族也,不在祀典。此所谓大神也,《春秋传》曰:“封为上公,祀为大神。”厉山氏,炎帝也,起於厉山,或曰“有烈山氏”。弃,后稷名也。共工氏无录而王,谓之霸,在大昊、炎帝之间。著众,谓使民兴事,知休作之期也。赏,赏善,谓禅舜,封禹、稷等也。能刑,谓去四凶。义终,谓既禅二十八载乃死也。野死,谓征有苗,死於苍梧也。殛死,谓不能成其功也。明民,谓使之衣服有章也。民成,谓知五教之礼也。冥,契六世之孙也,其官玄冥,水官也。虐、菑,谓桀、纣也。烈,业也。族,犹类也。祀典,谓祭祀也。
○御,鱼吕反(fan)。菑音(yin)哉(zai),下同;下文(wen)或作灾,注(zhu)作烖,并同。扞,胡旦反(fan)。厉(li),力世反(fan),《左传(chuan)》作“列山(shan)(shan)”。共音(yin)恭,下及(ji)注(zhu)同。鄣音(yin)章(zhang)。殛(ji)(ji),纪(ji)力反(fan),注(zhu)同。《尚书》云(yun)“殛(ji)(ji)鲧於羽(yu)山(shan)(shan)”,又云(yun)“鲧则殛(ji)(ji)死(si)”。“颛(zhuan)顼能(neng)脩之”,本(ben)或作“颛(zhuan)顼修黄帝之功(gong)”。文(wen)治(zhi),直吏反(fan)。去,起(qi)吕反(fan)。夫音(yin)扶。{丱一},此古(gu)丘(qiu)字,王于况反(fan)。梧(wu)音(yin)吾。
[疏]“夫圣”至“祀典”。
○正义曰:前经明禘、郊、祖、宗及社稷之等、所配之人,又论天地、日、月、星辰、山谷、丘陵之等,此经总明其功,有益於民,得在祀典之事,从此至“能捍大患则祀之”,与下诸神为总也。
○“法施於民则祀之”者,若神农及后土,帝喾与尧,及黄帝、颛顼与契之属是也。
○“以死勤事则祀之”者,若舜及鲧、冥是也。
○“以劳定国则祀之”者,若禹是也。
○“能御大菑”及“能捍大患则祀之”者,若汤及文、武也。
○“其子曰农,能殖百穀”者,农谓厉山氏后世子孙名柱,能殖百穀,故《国语》云“神农之名柱,作农官,因名农”是也。
○“夏之衰也,周弃继之”者,以夏末汤遭大旱七年,欲变置社稷,故废农祀弃。
○“故祀以为稷”者,谓农及弃,皆祀之以配稷之神。
○“其子曰后土,能平九州,故祀以为社”者,是共工后世之子孙为后土之官。后,君也,为君而掌土,能治九州五土之神,故祀以为配祀之神。
○“帝喾能序星辰以著”者,喾能纪星辰,序时以明著,使民休作有期,不失时节,故祀之也。
○“尧能赏均刑法以义终”者,尧以天下位授舜,封禹、稷,官得其人,是能赏均平也。五刑有宅,是能刑有法也。禅舜而老,二十八载乃殂,是义终也。
○“舜能勤众事而野死”者,舜征有苗,仍巡守陟方而死苍梧之野,是勤众事而野死。
○“鲧鄣鸿水而殛死”者,鲧塞水而无功,而被尧殛死于羽山,亦是有微功於人,故得祀之。若无微功,焉能治水九载?又《世本》云“作城郭”是有功也。郑答赵商云:“鲧非诛死,鲧放居东裔,至死不得反於朝。禹乃其子也,以有圣功,故尧兴之。若以为杀人父、用其子,而舜、禹何以忍乎?”而《尚书》云“鲧则殛死,禹乃嗣兴”者,箕子见武王诛纣,今与己言,惧其意有惭德,为说父不肖则罪,子贤则举之,以满武王意也。
○“禹能修鲧之功”者,谓禹能脩父之功,故祀之。
○“黄帝正名百物”者,上虽有百物,而未有名,黄帝为物作名,正名其体也。
○“以明民”者,谓垂衣裳,使贵贱分明得其所也。
○“共财”者,谓山泽不鄣,教民取百物以白赡也。其如上事,故得祀之。
○“颛顼能修之”者,谓能脩黄帝之法。
○“契为司徒而民成”者,契为尧之司徒,司徒掌五教,故民之五教得成。
○“冥勤其官而水死”者,冥,契六世孙,其官玄冥,水官也。
○“汤以宽治民而除其虐”,谓放桀於南巢也。
○“文王以文治,武王以武功去民之菑”者,谓伐纣也,此皆有功烈於民者也。结上厉山以下也。所得祀之人,有功烈於人故也。
○“及夫日、月、星辰,民所瞻仰也”者,释上文“燔柴於泰坛,瘗埋於泰折,王宫祭日,夜明祭月,幽禜祭星”之等,及上有祭地、祭天、祭四时、祭寒暑、祭水旱。此不言之者,举日、月则天地可知,四时、寒暑、水旱则日、月阴阳之气,故举日、月以包之也。
○“非此族也,不在祀典”者,合结上事也。族,类也,若非上自厉山以下及日、月、丘陵之等,无益於民者悉不得预於祭祀之典也。案上陈宗庙及七祀,并通適殇以下,此经不覆明之者,此经所云,谓是外神,有功於民,故具载之。其宗庙与殇以下之亲属七祀之等,宫中小神,所以此经并皆不载。
○注“春秋”至“祀也”。
○正义曰:引《春秋左(zuo)传(chuan)》昭(zhao)二(er)(er)十(shi)九年蔡墨辞云(yun)(yun)(yun):“厉(li)山(shan)氏(shi),炎(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye),起於厉(li)山(shan)”者(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《帝(di)(di)(di)王(wang)世(shi)(shi)纪(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“神(shen)农氏(shi)本(ben)起於烈(lie)山(shan),或(huo)时称(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)农,即炎(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)”,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“厉(li)山(shan)氏(shi),炎(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“或(huo)曰有(you)烈(lie)山(shan)氏(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)二(er)(er)十(shi)九年传(chuan)文也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“弃,后稷(ji)名也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),称(cheng)《舜(shun)典》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“弃汝后稷(ji)”,是(shi)弃为后稷(ji)名也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“共工氏(shi)无(wu)录(lu)而(er)王(wang),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)霸,在大昊(hao)、炎(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)间”者(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)《汉·律(lv)历志》文。又(you)案(an)(an)《月令》“春,其(qi)帝(di)(di)(di)大皞。夏,其(qi)帝(di)(di)(di)炎(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)”,不载共工氏(shi),是(shi)无(wu)录(lu),以(yi)(yi)水(shui)纪(ji)(ji)官,是(shi)无(wu)录(lu)而(er)王(wang)。案(an)(an)昭(zhao)十(shi)七年《左(zuo)传(chuan)》郯子称(cheng)“黄帝(di)(di)(di)氏(shi)以(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)纪(ji)(ji),炎(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)火纪(ji)(ji),共工氏(shi)以(yi)(yi)水(shui)纪(ji)(ji),大皞氏(shi)以(yi)(yi)龙纪(ji)(ji)”。从下逆(ni)陈(chen),是(shi)在炎(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)、大昊(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)后也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“著(zhu)众,谓(wei)使民(min)兴事(shi),知休作(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)则也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),由序历星辰,敬(jing)授明时,使民(min)兴造其(qi)事(shi),知休作(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)期,民(min)得(de)显著(zhu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“二(er)(er)十(shi)八载乃(nai)死(si)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),《虞书(shu)》文也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“殛(ji)死(si),谓(wei)不能成(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)功也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),鲧被殛(ji)羽山(shan),以(yi)(yi)至(zhi)於死(si),所以(yi)(yi)殛(ji)者(zhe)(zhe),由不能成(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)功也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“明民(min),谓(wei)使之(zhi)(zhi)衣服有(you)章”者(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《易·系》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“黄帝(di)(di)(di)、尧、舜(shun)垂衣裳而(er)天下治(zhi)”,盖取乾(qian)坤是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“冥(ming),契六世(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)孙也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《世(shi)(shi)本(ben)》“契生(sheng)昭(zhao)明,昭(zhao)明生(sheng)相(xiang)士,相(xiang)士生(sheng)昌若,昌若生(sheng)曹圉(yu),曹圉(yu)生(sheng)根国,根国生(sheng)冥(ming)”,是(shi)契六世(shi)(shi)孙也(ye)(ye)。