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纪昀《阅微草堂笔记》卷一 滦阳消夏录一 在线阅读

[移动版] 作者:纪昀

乾隆巳酉夏,以编排秘(mi)籍,于(yu)役滦陽,时校理(li)久竟,特督视官(guan)(guan)吏,题(ti)签庋(gui)架而已,昼(zhou)长(zhang)无(wu)(wu)事,追录见闻,忆及即书,都无(wu)(wu)体例,小说稗官(guan)(guan),知无(wu)(wu)关(guan)于(yu)著述。街谈巷议(yi),或有益于(yu)劝惩,聊付抄胥存之,命曰:滦陽消夏录云尔。

胡御史(shi)牧亭言,其(qi)里有人(ren)畜(chu)一猪,见(jian)(jian)邻叟(sou)辄瞋目狂吼(hou),奔(ben)突欲噬,见(jian)(jian)他人(ren)则否(fou)。邻叟(sou)初甚怒之,欲买(mai)而啖(dan)其(qi)肉。既而憬(jing)然省曰(yue):此(ci)殆佛经所谓夙冤耶?世无不(bu)可(ke)(ke)解之冤,乃以善价赎得,送(song)佛寺为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)生猪,后再见(jian)(jian)之,弭耳昵就(jiu),非复曩态矣。尝见(jian)(jian)孙(sun)重(zhong)画(hua)伏虎应真,有巴(ba)西李衍题曰(yue):至人(ren)骑猛虎,驭之犹(you)骐骥,岂伊本(ben)驯良,道力(li)消其(qi)鸷,乃知天地间有情皆可(ke)(ke)契,共保(bao)金(jin)石心,无为(wei)(wei)多畏忌。可(ke)(ke)为(wei)(wei)此(ci)事作解也。

沧(cang)州(zhou)刘(liu)士玉(yu)孝(xiao)(xiao)廉,有书室(shi)为(wei)狐所据。白昼与人(ren)对(dui)语(yu),掷(zhi)瓦(wa)石击(ji)人(ren),但不(bu)睹(du)其(qi)形耳。知州(zhou)平原(yuan)董(dong)思(si)任良吏(li)也,闻其(qi)事,自往驱之。方盛陈人(ren)妖异(yi)路之理,忽檐际朗言曰:公为(wei)官(guan),颇爱民(min),亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)取钱,故我不(bu)敢击(ji)公,然公爱民(min)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)好名,不(bu)取钱乃(nai)(nai)(nai)畏(wei)后患耳,故我亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)避(bi)公。公休矣(yi),毋多言取困。董(dong)狼狈而归,咄咄不(bu)怡者数(shu)日(ri)(ri)。刘(liu)一仆妇(fu)(fu)甚粗(cu)蠢,独不(bu)畏(wei)狐。狐亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)击(ji)之,或于对(dui)语(yu)时,举(ju)以(yi)问狐。狐曰:彼虽下役(yi),乃(nai)(nai)(nai)真孝(xiao)(xiao)妇(fu)(fu)也,鬼神见之犹(you)敛避(bi),况我曹乎。刘(liu)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)令(ling)仆妇(fu)(fu)居此室(shi),狐是(shi)日(ri)(ri)即去。

爱(ai)堂先(xian)生言,闻有老学(xue)究夜行(xing),忽遇(yu)其亡友,学(xue)究素刚直,亦(yi)不(bu)怖畏,问君(jun)何往,曰(yue):吾(wu)为(wei)(wei)冥吏,至南(nan)村有所(suo)勾摄,适(shi)同路(lu)耳,因(yin)并行(xing)至一破屋。鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)曰(yue):此文士庐也,问何以(yi)知之(zhi),曰(yue):凡人白(bai)昼营营,性灵(ling)汩(gu)没,唯睡时一念不(bu)生,元神(shen)(shen)朗沏(qi),胸中(zhong)所(suo)读之(zhi)书,字(zi)字(zi)皆吐光(guang)芒(mang),自百窍而出,其状缥渺缤纷(fen),烂如(ru)锦绣。学(xue)如(ru)郑孔(kong),文如(ru)屈宋(song)班(ban)马者,上(shang)(shang)烛霄(xiao)汉,与(yu)星月(yue)争辉;次者数丈,次者数尺,以(yi)渐(jian)而差,极下者亦(yi)萤(ying)萤(ying)如(ru)一灯(deng)照映(ying)户(hu)牖,人不(bu)能见(jian)(jian),唯鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)见(jian)(jian)之(zhi)耳。此室(shi)上(shang)(shang)光(guang)芒(mang)高七(qi)八尺,以(yi)是而知。学(xue)究问,我读书一生,睡中(zhong)光(guang)芒(mang)当几(ji)许?鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)嗫嚅良久曰(yue):昨(zuo)过(guo)君(jun)塾,君(jun)方(fang)昼寝,见(jian)(jian)君(jun)胸中(zhong)高头讲章一部,墨卷五(wu)六百篇,经文七(qi)八十(shi)篇,策略三四(si)十(shi)篇,字(zi)字(zi)化为(wei)(wei)黑烟,笼罩(zhao)屋上(shang)(shang),诸生诵读之(zhi)声,如(ru)在浓云密雾(wu)中(zhong),实(shi)未见(jian)(jian)光(guang)芒(mang),不(bu)敢(gan)妄(wang)语。学(xue)究怒斥之(zhi),鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)大(da)笑而去(qu)。

东光(guang)李又(you)聃先生尝至宛平相国废园(yuan)中,见廊下有诗二首,其一曰:飒飒西(xi)风吹破棂,萧萧秋草(cao)满空庭,月光(guang)穿(chuan)漏飞檐角,照见莓苔半壁青,其二曰:耿耿疏星几点明,银河时有片云行,凭(ping)栏坐(zuo)听谯楼鼓(gu),数到连(lian)敲第(di)五(wu)声。墨痕惨淡,殆不(bu)类人书。

董曲江先生名元度,平原(yuan)人(ren),乾隆(long)壬(ren)申进士,入翰林,散馆改(gai)(gai)(gai)知县,又改(gai)(gai)(gai)教授,移疾归。少(shao)年(nian)梦人(ren)赠(zeng)一扇,上有三绝句曰:曾公饮马(ma)天池(chi)日,文(wen)采西园感故(gu)知,至竟(jing)心情终不改(gai)(gai)(gai),月明花影上旌旗/尺五城南并(bing)马(ma)来(lai),垂杨(yang)一例赤鳞开,黄金屈戍雕胡锦,不信陈王(wang)八斗才/萧鼓冬冬画烛(zhu)楼,是谁亲按小凉洲,春风豆(dou)蔻知多(duo)少(shao),并(bing)作秋江一段愁。语多(duo)难解。后亦卒无征(zheng)验,莫明其故(gu)。

平(ping)定王孝廉(lian)执信(xin),尝随文宦榆林,夜宿野寺经阁下(xia),闻阁上有人(ren)絮语(yu),似(si)是(shi)论诗(shi)(shi),窃讶此间少(shao)文士,那得有此?因谛听之(zhi)(zhi),终不(bu)甚了了,后语(yu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)渐出阁廊(lang)下(xia),乃(nai)(nai)稍(shao)分(fen)明(ming)。其一(yi)(yi)曰:唐彦谦诗(shi)(shi)格不(bu)高,然禾麻地(di)废生边气,草(cao)木春寒起战声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),故是(shi)佳句;其一(yi)(yi)曰:仆尝有句云(yun),陰(yin)碛日光连雪白,风天沙气入云(yun)黄,非(fei)亲至关(guan)外(wai)不(bu)睹此景;其一(yi)(yi)又曰:仆亦(yi)有一(yi)(yi)联云(yun),山沉(chen)边气无(wu)情碧(bi),河带寒声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)亘古(gu)秋,自谓颇肖边城日暮之(zhi)(zhi)状,相与吟赏(shang)者久(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)。寺钟忽动,乃(nai)(nai)寂无(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。天晓起视(shi),则扃(jiong)钥尘封。山沉(chen)边气一(yi)(yi)联,后于任总镇遗稿见之(zhi)(zhi)。总镇名举,出师(shi)金川(chuan)时,百战阵殁者也(ye),陰(yin)碛一(yi)(yi)联,终不(bu)知(zhi)为谁语(yu),即其精灵长在,得与任公(gong)同游,亦(yi)决非(fei)常鬼矣。

沧州城南上(shang)河(he)涯,有无(wu)赖吕(lv)(lv)四,凶(xiong)横(heng)无(wu)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)为,人(ren)(ren)畏如(ru)狼(lang)虎。一(yi)日薄暮与诸恶(e)少村(cun)(cun)外(wai)(wai)纳凉(liang),忽隐(yin)隐(yin)闻雷声(sheng)(sheng),风(feng)雨(yu)且至(zhi)。遥见(jian)似(si)一(yi)少妇避(bi)入(ru)河(he)干古庙中(zhong)(zhong)。吕(lv)(lv)语诸恶(e)少曰:彼可(ke)(ke)婬也。时已入(ru)夜,陰云(yun)(yun)黯黑,吕(lv)(lv)突入(ru)掩(yan)其(qi)口,众共褫(chi)衣(yi)相嬲。俄(e)雷光穿牖,见(jian)状貌似(si)是其(qi)妻(qi)(qi),急释手问之,果不(bu)(bu)谬。吕(lv)(lv)大(da)恚(hui),欲(yu)(yu)提妻(qi)(qi)掷河(he)中(zhong)(zhong),妻(qi)(qi)大(da)号曰:汝欲(yu)(yu)婬人(ren)(ren),致人(ren)(ren)婬我,天理昭然,汝尚欲(yu)(yu)杀我耶?吕(lv)(lv)语塞,急觅(mi)衣(yi)裤,已随风(feng)入(ru)河(he)流矣(yi)。旁(pang)皇无(wu)计,乃自(zi)负(fu)裸妇归。云(yun)(yun)散(san)月明,满村(cun)(cun)哗笑(xiao),争前(qian)(qian)问状。吕(lv)(lv)无(wu)可(ke)(ke)置对,竟自(zi)投于河(he),盖其(qi)妻(qi)(qi)归宁,约一(yi)月方归,不(bu)(bu)虞母(mu)家遘(gou)回(hui)禄(lu),无(wu)屋(wu)可(ke)(ke)栖,乃先期返。吕(lv)(lv)不(bu)(bu)知而遘(gou)此难,后妻(qi)(qi)梦吕(lv)(lv)来曰:我业重,当永堕泥犁,缘(yuan)生前(qian)(qian)事母(mu)尚尽(jin)孝(xiao),冥官检(jian)籍得受蛇身,今往生矣(yi)。汝后夫不(bu)(bu)久(jiu)至(zhi),善视(shi)新姑嫜,陰律(lv)不(bu)(bu)孝(xiao)罪至(zhi)重,毋自(zi)蹈(dao)冥司(si)汤镬也。至(zhi)妻(qi)(qi)再醮日,屋(wu)角有赤练蛇,垂(chui)首(shou)(shou)下视(shi),意似(si)眷(juan)(juan)眷(juan)(juan)。妻(qi)(qi)忆前(qian)(qian)梦,方举首(shou)(shou)问之,俄(e)闻门(men)外(wai)(wai)鼓(gu)乐(le)声(sheng)(sheng),蛇于屋(wu)上(shang)跳(tiao)掷数(shu)回(hui),奋然去。

献县周氏仆周虎(hu),为狐(hu)所媚,二十余(yu)年如伉俪,尝语(yu)仆曰(yue)(yue)(yue):吾(wu)(wu)炼(lian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)已(yi)四(si)百余(yu)年,过去(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)中,于(yu)汝有(you)(you)业(ye)缘当(dang)补,一日(ri)(ri)(ri)不满(man),即一日(ri)(ri)(ri)不得生(sheng)(sheng)天,缘尽吾(wu)(wu)当(dang)去(qu)(qu)耳。一日(ri)(ri)(ri)冁然自(zi)喜,又泫然自(zi)悲,语(yu)虎(hu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):月(yue)之十九日(ri)(ri)(ri)吾(wu)(wu)缘尽当(dang)别(bie),已(yi)为君相(xiang)一妇,可(ke)聘定之。因(yin)出白金付虎(hu),俾备礼,自(zi)是(shi)狎昵燕(yan)婉,逾于(yu)平日(ri)(ri)(ri),恒形(xing)(xing)(xing)影不离(li)。至十五日(ri)(ri)(ri)忽晨(chen)起告别(bie),虎(hu)怪其先(xian)期,狐(hu)泣曰(yue)(yue)(yue):业(ye)缘一日(ri)(ri)(ri)不可(ke)减,亦一日(ri)(ri)(ri)不可(ke)增。惟迟早则(ze)随所遇(yu)耳。吾(wu)(wu)留(liu)此(ci)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)缘,为再一相(xiang)会地(di)也(ye)。越数年,果再至,欢洽三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)而后去(qu)(qu)。临行呜咽曰(yue)(yue)(yue):从(cong)此(ci)终天诀矣。陈德音先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):此(ci)狐(hu)善(shan)留(liu)其有(you)(you)余(yu),惜福(fu)者当(dang)如是(shi)。刘季箴则(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)后终须一别(bie),何必暂留(liu)。此(ci)狐(hu)炼(lian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)四(si)百年,尚未到悬崖撒手地(di)位,临事者不当(dang)如是(shi)。余(yu)谓二公之言,各明一义各有(you)(you)当(dang)也(ye)。

献县令明晨,应山人,尝欲申雪一冤狱,而虑上官不允,疑惑未决。儒学门斗有五半仙者,与一狐友,言小休咎多有验,遣往问之,狐正色曰:明公为民父母,但当论其冤不冤,不当问其允不允,独不记制府李公之言乎?门斗返报,明为悚然。因言制府李公卫未达时,尝同一道士渡江,适有与舟子争诟者,道士太息曰:命在须臾,尚较计数文钱耶?俄其人为帆脚所扫堕江死,李公心异之,中流风作,舟欲覆,道士禹步诵咒,风止得济,李公再拜谢更生,道士曰:适堕江者命也,吾不能救,公贵人也,遇阨得济,亦命也。吾不能不救,何谢焉。李公又拜曰:领师此训,吾终身安命矣。道士曰:是不尽然,一身之穷达当安命,不安命则奔竞排轧,无所不至,不知李林甫、秦桧即不倾陷善类,亦作宰相,徒自增罪案耳。至国计民生之利害,则不可言命。天地之生才,朝廷之设官,所以补救气数也。身握事权,束手而委命,天地何必生此才,朝廷何必设此官乎?晨门曰:是知其不可而为之。诸葛武侯曰:鞠躬尽瘁,死而后已。成败利钝非所逆睹。此圣贤立命之学,公其识之。李公谨受教,拜问姓名。道士曰:言之恐公骇。下舟行数十步,翳然灭迹。昔在会城,李公曾话是事,不识此狐何以得知也。

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