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纪昀《阅微草堂笔记》卷十五 姑妄听之一 在线阅读

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金(jin)可(ke)亭(ting)言(yan)--此(ci)浙江金(jin)孝(xiao)廉,名嘉炎,与(yu)金(jin)大(da)司(si)农同(tong)姓同(tong)号,各(ge)自一人(ren)--有(you)(you)(you)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)者(zhe),官监司(si),晚岁家居,得一婢曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)紫(zi)(zi)桃(tao)(tao)(tao),宠(chong)专房,他姬莫当(dang)(dang)夕,紫(zi)(zi)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)亦(yi)婉娈善奉事(shi),呼(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)必在侧,百不(bu)一失(shi)。赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)固聪(cong)察,疑有(you)(you)(you)异,于枕(zhen)畔固诘,紫(zi)(zi)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)自承(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)狐(hu),然(ran)夙缘当(dang)(dang)侍公(gong),与(yu)公(gong)无(wu)害。真爱久(jiu),亦(yi)弗言(yan)。家有(you)(you)(you)园亭(ting),一日(ri)立两室(shi)间(jian)呼(hu)(hu)紫(zi)(zi)桃(tao)(tao)(tao),则(ze)两室(shi)各(ge)一紫(zi)(zi)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)出,乃大(da)骇。紫(zi)(zi)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)谢曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):妾分(fen)形也(ye)。偶春日(ri)策杖郊(jiao)外,逢(feng)道(dao)士(shi)与(yu)语,甚有(you)(you)(you)理(li)致,情颇洽,问所自来(lai),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)来(lai),公(gong)本谪(zhe)仙,限满当(dang)(dang)归三(san)岛,今(jin)金(jin)丹(dan)已(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)狐(hu)所盗(dao),不(bu)可(ke)复归,再不(bu)治,虑寿限亦(yi)减。仆公(gong)旧侣,故(gu)来(lai)视公(gong)。赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)心知紫(zi)(zi)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)事(shi),邀(yao)同(tong)归,道(dao)士(shi)踞坐厅(ting)事(shi),索笔书(shu)一符,曼声长啸,邸(di)中(zhong)纷纷扰扰,有(you)(you)(you)数十(shi)紫(zi)(zi)桃(tao)(tao)(tao),容色衣饰,无(wu)毫发差(cha),跪庭院皆满。道(dao)士(shi)呼(hu)(hu)真紫(zi)(zi)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)出,众(zhong)相顾曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)无(wu)真也(ye)。又呼(hu)(hu)最先(xian)紫(zi)(zi)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)出,一女叩额曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)婢子(zi)是(shi)。道(dao)士(shi)叱曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):尔盗(dao)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)丹(dan)已(yi)非,又呼(hu)(hu)朋引类(lei),务败(bai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao),何也(ye)?女对曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)二故(gu),赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)前生,炼精四(si)五百年(nian),元关坚(jian)(jian)固,非更番迭取不(bu)能(neng)得,然(ran)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)非碌碌者(zhe),见众(zhong)美(mei)踏进,必觉(jue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)蛊惑,断不(bu)肯纳(na)。故(gu)终(zhong)始共(gong)幻一形,匿(ni)其(qi)(qi)(qi)迹也(ye)。今(jin)事(shi)已(yi)露,愿散去。道(dao)士(shi)挥手(shou)令出。顾赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)太息(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):小(xiao)人(ren)献(xian)媚旅进,君(jun)子(zi)弗受也(ye)。一小(xiao)人(ren)伺君(jun)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隙(xi),投(tou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所尚,众(zhong)小(xiao)人(ren)从而(er)(er)阴(yin)佐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)君(jun)子(zi)弗觉(jue)矣(yi)。易姤(gou)卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)六,一阴(yin)始生,其(qi)(qi)(qi)象为(wei)(wei)(wei)系(xi)于金(jin)柅(ni),柅(ni)以(yi)止(zhi)车(che),示当(dang)(dang)止(zhi)也(ye)。不(bu)止(zhi)则(ze)履(lv)霜(shuang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu),即坚(jian)(jian)冰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渐,浸假(jia)而(er)(er)剥(bo)卦六五至矣(yi)。今(jin)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),是(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓乎(hu)?然(ran)苟(gou)无(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)隙(xi),虽小(xiao)人(ren)不(bu)能(neng)伺,苟(gou)无(wu)所好,虽小(xiao)人(ren)不(bu)能(neng)投(tou)。千金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堤,溃于蚁漏,有(you)(you)(you)罅故(gu)也(ye)。公(gong)先(xian)误涉旁门(men),欲讲容成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)术,既而(er)(er)耽玩艳冶,失(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)初(chu)心,嗜欲日(ri)深,故(gu)妖物乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)麇(jun)集。衅(xin)因自起(qi),于彼何尤(you),此(ci)始此(ci)终(zhong),固亦(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)理(li),驱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)不(bu)谴(qian),盖以(yi)是(shi)耳(er)。吾来(lai)稍晚,于公(gong)事(shi)已(yi)无(wu)益,然(ran)从此(ci)摄心清静,犹(you)不(bu)失(shi)作九十(shi)翁。再三(san)珍重。瞥(pie)然(ran)而(er)(er)去,赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)后果寿八十(shi)余。

居卫河(he)侧者(zhe)(zhe),言河(he)之将决,中流之水(shui)(shui)必凸起(qi),高于(yu)(yu)(yu)两(liang)(liang)岸,然不知(zhi)其在何处也(ye)。至棒(bang)(bang)椎鱼集于(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)处,则(ze)(ze)所(suo)集之处,不一(yi)(yi)两(liang)(liang)日溃(kui)矣(yi)。父老相(xiang)传,验之百不失一(yi)(yi)。棒(bang)(bang)椎鱼者(zhe)(zhe),象(xiang)其形而名,平时不知(zhi)在何所(suo),网钓亦(yi)未见得之者(zhe)(zhe)。至河(he)暴涨乃(nai)麇至,护堤者(zhe)(zhe)见其以首触岸,如万杵(chu)齐筑,则(ze)(ze)决在斯须间矣(yi)。岂非数哉。然唐尧(yao)洪水(shui)(shui),天(tian)数也(ye),神禹随刊,则(ze)(ze)人事(shi)(shi)也(ye)。惟(wei)圣(sheng)人能知(zhi)天(tian),惟(wei)圣(sheng)人不委(wei)过(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian),先事(shi)(shi)而绸缪,后(hou)事(shi)(shi)而补救,虽不能消弭,亦(yi)必有(you)所(suo)挽回。

蒋心(xin)余言,有(you)客(ke)赴人游湖(hu)约(yue),至(zhi)则画船(chuan)箫鼓(gu),红(hong)裙而(er)(er)侑酒者(zhe),谛(di)视乃(nai)其妇(fu)也,去家(jia)(jia)二千里,不知(zhi)何(he)流(liu)落到此(ci)(ci)(ci),惧为辱(ru),襟不敢言,妇(fu)乃(nai)若不相识,无(wu)恐(kong)怖(bu)意(yi),亦(yi)无(wu)惭愧意(yi)。调丝(si)度曲,引袖飞(fei)觞,恬如也,惟声(sheng)音不相似。又(you)妇(fu)笑好掩口,此(ci)(ci)(ci)妓不然,亦(yi)不相似,而(er)(er)右腕红(hong)痣如粟(su)颗,乃(nai)复宛然。大惑不解,草(cao)草(cao)终筵(yan),将(jiang)治装为归计(ji),俄得家(jia)(jia)书,妇(fu)半载前死矣,疑(yi)为见(jian)鬼,亦(yi)不复深求(qiu)。所亲见(jian)其意(yi)态殊常,密诘再三,始知(zhi)其故(gu)。咸(xian)以(yi)为貌偶同也。后闻一(yi)游士(shi)来(lai)往吴(wu)越间,不事(shi)(shi)干谒,不通交游,亦(yi)无(wu)所经营(ying)贸易,惟携姬媵数辈闭(bi)门居,或时出一(yi)二人,属媒(mei)媪卖之而(er)(er)已。以(yi)为贩鬻妇(fu)女者(zhe),无(wu)与(yu)人事(shi)(shi),莫或过问也。一(yi)日,意(yi)甚匆遽,急(ji)买舟欲(yu)赴天目(mu)山,求(qiu)高行僧(seng)(seng)作道场,僧(seng)(seng)以(yi)其疏语(yu)掩抑支离,不知(zhi)何(he)事(shi)(shi),又(you)有(you)本是佛(fo)传,当(dang)求(qiu)佛(fo)佑,仰(yang)藉慈云之庇,庶宽雷部之刑语(yu)。疑(yi)有(you)别(bie)故(gu),还其衬施,谢遣之。至(zhi)中(zhong)途,果(guo)陨于雷。后从者(zhe)微泄(xie)其事(shi)(shi),曰:此(ci)(ci)(ci)人从一(yi)红(hong)衣番(fan)僧(seng)(seng)受(shou)异术,能(neng)持(chi)咒摄(she)取(qu)新敛女子尸,又(you)摄(she)取(qu)妖狐淫(yin)鬼,附其尸以(yi)生,即以(yi)自侍(shi)。再有(you)新者(zhe),即以(yi)旧者(zhe)转售人,获利(li)无(wu)算。因梦神责以(yi)恶(e)贯将(jiang)满,当(dang)伏天诛,故(gu)忏(chan)悔以(yi)求(qiu)免,竟不能(neng)也。疑(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)客(ke)之妇(fu),即为此(ci)(ci)(ci)人所摄(she)矣。理藩院尚书留公亦(yi)言,红(hong)教喇嘛(ma)有(you)摄(she)召(zhao)妇(fu)女术,故(gu)黄教斥以(yi)为魔云。

表叔(shu)王月阡,言近村某(mou)(mou)甲(jia)(jia)买一妾(qie)(qie),两月余逃(tao)去,其父反以(yi)妒(du)杀焚尸讼,会县官在京需次(ci)时,逃(tao)妾(qie)(qie)构讼,事(shi)与此(ci)(ci)类,触其旧愤,穷治得(de)诬状。计不(bu)(bu)得(de)逞,然坚不(bu)(bu)承转鬻,盖无诱逃(tao)实证,难于究诘。妾(qie)(qie)卒无踪(zong),某(mou)(mou)甲(jia)(jia)妇(fu)弟(di)(di)住隔县,妇(fu)归宁(ning),闻弟(di)(di)新纳(na)妾(qie)(qie),欲见之,妾(qie)(qie)闭户不(bu)(bu)肯(ken)出(chu),其弟(di)(di)自曳之来(lai),一见即投(tou)地叩额(e)称死罪,正所失妾(qie)(qie)也。妇(fu)弟(di)(di)以(yi)某(mou)(mou)甲(jia)(jia)旧妾(qie)(qie),不(bu)(bu)肯(ken)纳(na),某(mou)(mou)甲(jia)(jia)以(yi)曾侍妇(fu)弟(di)(di),亦不(bu)(bu)肯(ken)纳(na),鞭之百(bai),以(yi)配老(lao)奴,竟以(yi)爨婢终焉(yan)。夫富(fu)室构讼,词连帷(wei)薄,此(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)能旦夕结也。而适(shi)值(zhi)(zhi)是县官,女子转鬻,深(shen)匿(ni)闺帏,此(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)易物色求也,而适(shi)值(zhi)(zhi)其妇(fu)弟(di)(di)。机械百(bai)端,可云至(zhi)巧,乌知造(zao)物更巧哉。

宋人(ren)(ren)咏(yong)蟹(xie)诗曰:水(shui)清讵免双螯黑,秋老(lao)难逃一(yi)背红(hong),借寓朱勔之贪婪(lan)必败(bai)(bai)也(ye)。然他物供庖(pao)厨(chu),一(yi)死焉而已。惟(wei)蟹(xie)则(ze)生投釜甑,徐受蒸煮,由初沸至(zhi)熟,至(zhi)速(su)亦逾数刻,其(qi)楚(chu)毒有(you)求死不(bu)得者,意(yi)非(fei)夙业深重(zhong),不(bu)堕是中。相(xiang)(xiang)传赵(zhao)公宏燮官(guan)直隶巡(xun)抚时,时直隶尚未设总督(du),一(yi)夜,梦(meng)家中已死童仆媪婢数十人(ren)(ren),环跪(gui)阶下,皆叩(kou)额乞命,曰:奴辈(bei)生受豢养恩,而互结朋党,蒙蔽主(zhu)人(ren)(ren),久而枝蔓(man)牵缠,根柢生固,成(cheng)牢不(bu)可破之局,即稍有(you)败(bai)(bai)露,亦众(zhong)口一(yi)音,巧(qiao)为解结,使(shi)心知之而无如(ru)何。又久而阴相(xiang)(xiang)掣肘(zhou),使(shi)不(bu)如(ru)众(zhong)人(ren)(ren)之意(yi),则(ze)不(bu)能行一(yi)事。坐是罪恶,堕入水(shui)族,使(shi)世(shi)世(shi)罹(li)汤获之苦,明日主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)供膳蟹(xie),即奴辈(bei)后身,乞见赦宥。公故(gu)仁慈天曙,以(yi)(yi)梦(meng)告(gao)司庖(pao),饬举(ju)蟹(xie)投水(shui),且为礼(li)忏(chan)作功德。时霜蟹(xie)肥美,使(shi)宅所供,尤精选膏(gao)腴(yu)。奴辈(bei)皆窃(qie)笑曰:老(lao)翁狡狯(kuai),造此语(yu)怖(bu)人(ren)(ren)耶。吾辈(bei)岂受汝绐者,竟(jing)(jing)效(xiao)校人(ren)(ren)之烹,而以(yi)(yi)已放告(gao),又乾没(mei)其(qi)功德钱,而以(yi)(yi)佛事已毕告(gao),赵(zhao)公竟(jing)(jing)终(zhong)不(bu)知也(ye)。此辈(bei)作奸(jian),固其(qi)常态,要亦此,数十童仆婢媪者,留(liu)此锢(gu)习(xi),适以(yi)(yi)自戕。请君(jun)入瓮,此之谓欤(yu)。

有州牧以贪横(heng)伏诛,既死(si)之后(hou),州民喧传(chuan)其种种冥报,至不可(ke)殚书。余谓此怨(yuan)毒(du)未平,造作讹言耳。先兄(xiong)晴湖则曰:天(tian)地无心,视听在民,民言如是,是亦可(ke)危也已。

乌(wu)鲁(lu)木齐军校王福,言曩在西宁,与同(tong)队数人(ren)入(ru)山射生,遥见(jian)(jian)山腰一番妇独行,有四狼(lang)(lang)随其后,以为狼(lang)(lang)将搏噬(shi),番妇未见(jian)(jian)也,共相呼噪(zao),番妇如不(bu)闻(wen)。一人(ren)引满射狼(lang)(lang),乃(nai)误中(zhong)番妇,倒(dao)掷堕山下,众方惊悔,视之亦一狼(lang)(lang)也,四狼(lang)(lang)则已(yi)逸去矣。盖妖兽(shou)幻形,诱(you)人(ren)而啖,不(bu)幸遭(zao)殪也。岂恶贯已(yi)盈,若或使之欤。

狐所幻化,不知其自视如何,其互相视又如何,尝于滦阳消夏录论之。然狐本善为妖惑者也。至鬼则人之余气,其灵不过如人耳。人不能化无为有,化小为大,化丑为研,而诸书载遇鬼者,其棺化为宫室,可延人入;其墓化为庭院,可留人居;其凶终之鬼,备诸恶状者,可化为美丽,岂一为鬼而即能欤?抑有教之者欤?此视狐之幻,尤不可解。忆在凉州路中,御者指一山坳曰:曩与车数十辆,露宿此山,月明之下,遥见山半有人家,土垣周络,角有一一可数。明日过之,则数冢而已。是无人之地,亦能自现此象矣。明器之作,圣人其知此情状乎?

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