涉务第十一
士君子(zi)处(chu)世,贵能(neng)有(you)益于物耳,不徒高谈(tan)虚论(lun),左琴右书(shu),以(yi)费人君禄位也。国之(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)材(cai),大较(jiao)不过六事(shi):一(yi)则朝廷之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen),取(qu)(qu)(qu)其鉴达治体,经(jing)纶博(bo)雅(ya);二(er)则文史(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen),取(qu)(qu)(qu)其著述宪章,不忘前古(gu);三则军旅之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen),取(qu)(qu)(qu)其断决有(you)谋,强(qiang)干(gan)习事(shi);四(si)则籓(fan)屏之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen),取(qu)(qu)(qu)其明练风俗,清白爱民(min);五(wu)则使(shi)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen),取(qu)(qu)(qu)其识变(bian)从(cong)宜,不辱君命(ming);六则兴造之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen),取(qu)(qu)(qu)其程功节费,开略(lve)有(you)术,此则皆勤(qin)学守行者所能(neng)辨(bian)也。人性有(you)长短,岂责具(ju)美(mei),于六涂哉(zai)?但当皆晓指趣,能(neng)守一(yi)职,便无(wu)愧耳。
吾见世中文学之(zhi)(zhi)士,品藻古今(jin),若指诸掌(zhang),及有(you)试用(yong),多(duo)(duo)无所(suo)堪。居(ju)承平之(zhi)(zhi)世,不(bu)知(zhi)有(you)丧乱之(zhi)(zhi)祸;处庙(miao)堂(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)下,不(bu)知(zhi)有(you)战(zhan)陈之(zhi)(zhi)急;保俸禄之(zhi)(zhi)资,不(bu)知(zhi)有(you)耕稼(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)苦(ku);肆(si)吏(li)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)上,不(bu)知(zhi)有(you)劳役(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)勤,故(gu)难以应世经务也(ye)。晋朝南渡(du),优借(jie)士族;故(gu)江南冠带,有(you)才干(gan)者,擢为令仆(pu)已下尚书郎中书舍人已上,典掌(zhang)机要。其(qi)余文义之(zhi)(zhi)士,多(duo)(duo)迂诞浮华(hua),不(bu)涉世务;织微(wei)过失,又惜行(xing)捶(chui)楚,所(suo)以处于(yu)清高(gao),盖护其(qi)短也(ye)。至于(yu)台阁令史,主(zhu)书监(jian)帅,诸王笺省,并晓习吏(li)用(yong),济办时须,纵有(you)小人之(zhi)(zhi)态(tai),皆可(ke)鞭杖肃(su)督,故(gu)多(duo)(duo)见委使,盖用(yong)其(qi)长也(ye)。
古人欲知稼穑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)艰难,斯(si)盖(gai)贵谷务本之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也。夫食(shi)(shi)为(wei)民天,民非食(shi)(shi)不生矣(yi),三(san)日不粒,父子不能(neng)相(xiang)存。耕种之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),茠鉏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),刈(yi)穫(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),载积之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),打拂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),簸扬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),凡(fan)几(ji)涉手,而(er)入仓廪,安可轻农事(shi)而(er)贵末业哉?江南(nan)朝士,因晋中兴,南(nan)渡江,卒为(wei)羁旅(lv),至今八九世,未(wei)有力田,悉资(zi)俸(feng)禄而(er)食(shi)(shi)耳(er)。假令有者,皆(jie)信僮仆为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),未(wei)尝目(mu)观起一墢土,耘一株苗;不知几(ji)月(yue)当(dang)下,几(ji)月(yue)当(dang)收,安识世间馀(yu)务乎?故(gu)治官则不了,营家则不办,皆(jie)优闲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)过也。