●卷十九·子张第十九
[疏]正义曰:此篇记(ji)士行(xing)、交(jiao)情、仁人(ren)、勉学,或接闻夫子之(zhi)语,或辨扬圣师(shi)之(zhi)德,以其皆(jie)弟子所(suo)言,故善次诸篇之(zhi)後。
子(zi)张曰(yue):“士见(jian)危致命(ming),(孔曰(yue):“致命(ming),不爱其身(shen)。”)见(jian)得思(si)义,祭思(si)敬,丧思(si)哀,其可已矣(yi)。”
[疏]“子张曰:士见危致命,见得思义,祭思敬,丧思哀,其可已矣”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):此(ci)章言士(shi)行(xing)(xing)也。士(shi)者(zhe),有德之(zhi)称,自卿大夫已下(xia)皆是。致命,谓不爱其(qi)(qi)身。子(zi)张言,为士(shi)者(zhe),见君(jun)有危难,不爱其(qi)(qi)身,致命以(yi)救之(zhi);见得(de)利禄(lu),思(si)(si)义(yi)然後(hou)取;有祭事(shi),思(si)(si)尽(jin)其(qi)(qi)敬;有丧事(shi),当尽(jin)其(qi)(qi)哀,有此(ci)行(xing)(xing)者(zhe),其(qi)(qi)可以(yi)为士(shi)已矣。
子张曰:“执德不(bu)弘(hong),信道不(bu)笃(du),焉能(neng)为(wei)有(you)?焉能(neng)为(wei)亡?”(孔曰:“言无(wu)所(suo)轻重。”)
[疏]“子张曰:执德不弘,信道不笃,焉能为有?焉能为亡?”
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:此章(zhang)言(yan)(yan)人行之不备者。弘(hong),大也(ye)(ye)(ye)。笃,厚(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。亡(wang),无也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)人执守其(qi)德,不能(neng)弘(hong)大,虽(sui)(sui)信善道,不能(neng)笃厚(hou),人之若此,虽(sui)(sui)存於(wu)世(shi),何能(neng)为有而(er)重?虽(sui)(sui)没(mei)於(wu)世(shi),何能(neng)为无而(er)轻?言(yan)(yan)於(wu)世(shi)无所(suo)轻重也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
子夏(xia)(xia)之门人问交於(wu)子张。(孔曰:“问与人交接(jie)之道。”)子张曰:“子夏(xia)(xia)云何?”对曰:“子夏(xia)(xia)曰:‘可者与之,其(qi)(qi)不(bu)可者拒之。’”子张曰:“异乎吾所闻。君(jun)子尊贤而容众,嘉善而矜不(bu)能。我(wo)(wo)(wo)之大贤与,於(wu)人何所不(bu)容?我(wo)(wo)(wo)之不(bu)贤与,人将拒我(wo)(wo)(wo),如之何其(qi)(qi)拒人也?”(包曰:“友交当如子夏(xia)(xia),交当如子张。”)
[疏]“子夏”至“人也”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):此章论与(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)结(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)问交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)於子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)张(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe),门人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),谓弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。“问交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”,问与(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)接之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)张(zhang)曰(yue):子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)云何(he)(he)”者(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)张(zhang)反问子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),汝师尝(chang)说(shuo)结(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)云何(he)(he)乎?“对(dui)曰(yue):子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)曰(yue):可(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)拒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)对(dui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)张(zhang)述(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)言(yan):结(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),若(ruo)彼人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)贤(xian)(xian),可(ke)与(yu)(yu)(yu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)者(zhe)(zhe),即与(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao);若(ruo)彼人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)贤(xian)(xian),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)与(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)者(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)(ze)拒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而不(bu)(bu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)张(zhang)曰(yue):异(yi)(yi)乎吾所(suo)(suo)闻(wen)(wen)”者(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)已之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)闻(wen)(wen)结(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)与(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)所(suo)(suo)说(shuo)异(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。“君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)尊贤(xian)(xian)而容众,嘉(jia)善而矜(jin)不(bu)(bu)能”者(zhe)(zhe),此所(suo)(suo)闻(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),见彼贤(xian)(xian)则(ze)(ze)尊重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),虽(sui)众多亦(yi)容纳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有善行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)则(ze)(ze)嘉(jia)美之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)能者(zhe)(zhe)则(ze)(ze)哀矜(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“我(wo)(wo)(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大贤(xian)(xian)与(yu)(yu)(yu),於人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)何(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)容?我(wo)(wo)(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)贤(xian)(xian)与(yu)(yu)(yu),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)将拒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)我(wo)(wo)(wo),如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何(he)(he)其拒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),既陈其所(suo)(suo)闻(wen)(wen),又(you)论其不(bu)(bu)可(ke)拒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。诚(cheng)如(ru)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)所(suo)(suo)说(shuo),可(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)拒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。设若(ruo)我(wo)(wo)(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大贤(xian)(xian),则(ze)(ze)所(suo)(suo)在见容也(ye)(ye)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)贤(xian)(xian),则(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)将拒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)我(wo)(wo)(wo),不(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)己交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),又(you)何(he)(he)暇拒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)乎?然二子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)(suo)言(yan),各是其见论交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)相(xiang)非。友交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)当如(ru)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia),交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)当如(ru)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)张(zhang)。
子夏曰(yue):“虽小道,必有可观者(zhe)焉(yan),(小道,谓异端。)致远恐(kong)泥(ni)(ni),(包(bao)曰(yue):“泥(ni)(ni)难不通。”)是以君子不为也。”
[疏]“子夏曰:虽小道,必有可观者焉;致远恐泥,是以君子不为也”。
○正义曰:此(ci)章勉人学为大道(dao)(dao)正典也。小道(dao)(dao)谓异端之说,百家语(yu)也。虽曰小道(dao)(dao),亦必有小理可观览者焉,然致(zhi)远经久,则恐泥难(nan)不(bu)通,是以君(jun)子不(bu)学也。
子夏曰:“日(ri)知(zhi)其所亡,(孔(kong)曰:“日(ri)知(zhi)其所未闻。”)月(yue)无忘其所能,可谓(wei)好学也已矣。”
[疏]“子夏曰:日知其所亡,月无忘其所能,可谓好学也已矣”。
○正(zheng)义曰:此(ci)章劝学也(ye)。亡,无也(ye)。旧无闻(wen)者当学之(zhi),使日知其所(suo)未闻(wen)。旧已能(neng)者当温寻之(zhi),使月无忘(wang)也(ye)。能(neng)如此(ci)者,可以谓(wei)之(zhi)好学。
子(zi)夏曰(yue):“博学(xue)而(er)(er)笃志,(孔(kong)曰(yue):“广学(xue)而(er)(er)厚识之(zhi)。”)切(qie)问(wen)(wen)(wen)而(er)(er)近(jin)思,(切(qie)问(wen)(wen)(wen)者,切(qie)问(wen)(wen)(wen)於己(ji)所(suo)学(xue)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)悟之(zhi)事。近(jin)思者,思己(ji)所(suo)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)能及之(zhi)事。问(wen)(wen)(wen)所(suo)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)学(xue),远思所(suo)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)达,则於所(suo)习者不精,所(suo)思者不解。)仁(ren)在其中矣(yi)。”
[疏]“子夏曰:博学而笃志,切问而近思,仁在其中矣”。
○正义曰(yue):此章论好学近(jin)於仁也(ye)。博,广也(ye)。笃,厚也(ye)。志,识也(ye)。言(yan)广学而厚识之(zhi)(zhi),使不(bu)忘。切问(wen)者(zhe),亲切问(wen)於己(ji)所(suo)学未悟之(zhi)(zhi)事,不(bu)滥问(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。近(jin)思(si)者(zhe),思(si)己(ji)所(suo)未能及之(zhi)(zhi)事,不(bu)远思(si)也(ye)。若(ruo)问(wen)所(suo)未学,远思(si)所(suo)未达,则於所(suo)习者(zhe)不(bu)精(jing),所(suo)思(si)者(zhe)不(bu)解。仁者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)性纯(chun)笃,今学者(zhe)既能笃志近(jin)思(si),故(gu)曰(yue)仁在其中矣(yi)。
子(zi)夏曰(yue):“百工居肆(si)以成其事,君子(zi)学以致(zhi)其道。”(包曰(yue):“言(yan)百工处其肆(si)则事成,犹君子(zi)学以致(zhi)其道。”)
[疏]“子夏曰:百工居肆以成其事,君子学以致其道”。
○正义曰:此(ci)章(zhang)亦勉人学,举(ju)百(bai)工(gong)以为喻也。审曲面势以饬(chi)五材,以辨民器,谓(wei)之(zhi)百(bai)工(gong)。五材各有工(gong),言(yan)百(bai),众言(yan)之(zhi)也。肆(si),谓(wei)官府造(zao)作之(zhi)处(chu)也。致,至也。言(yan)百(bai)工(gong)处(chu)其(qi)(qi)肆(si),则能成其(qi)(qi)事,犹君子勤於学,则能至於道也。
子夏曰(yue):“小人之过(guo)也必(bi)文。”(孔曰(yue):“文饰(shi)其(qi)过(guo),不言情实。”)
[疏]“子夏曰:小人之过也必文”。
○正(zheng)义曰:此章言小(xiao)人(ren)不(bu)能改(gai)过也。言小(xiao)人(ren)之(zhi)有过也,必文饰其过,强为辞理,不(bu)言情实也。
子夏曰(yue):“君子有三变(bian):望之(zhi)俨然,即(ji)之(zhi)也(ye)温,听其言也(ye)厉。”(郑(zheng)曰(yue):“厉,严正。”)
[疏]“子夏曰:君子有三变:望之俨然,即之也温,听其言也厉。”
○正(zheng)义曰:此(ci)(ci)章论君子之(zhi)(zhi)德也(ye)。望之(zhi)(zhi)、即之(zhi)(zhi)及听(ting)其(qi)(qi)言也(ye),有此(ci)(ci)三者,变易常人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)。厉(li),严正(zheng)也(ye)。常人(ren)(ren),远望之(zhi)(zhi)则多(duo)懈惰,即近之(zhi)(zhi)则颜色猛厉(li),听(ting)其(qi)(qi)言则多(duo)佞邪。唯君子则不然(ran)(ran),人(ren)(ren)远望之(zhi)(zhi)则正(zheng)其(qi)(qi)衣冠,尊其(qi)(qi)瞻(zhan)视(shi),常俨然(ran)(ran)也(ye);就(jiu)近之(zhi)(zhi)则颜色温和(he),及听(ting)其(qi)(qi)言辞,则严正(zheng)而(er)无佞邪也(ye)。
子夏曰:“君(jun)子信而後劳(lao)其民,未信则以(yi)为厉己也(ye)。(王曰:“厉,犹病也(ye)。”)信而後谏,未信则以(yi)为谤己也(ye)。”
[疏]“子夏曰:君子信而後劳其民,未信则以为厉己也。信而後谏,未信则以为谤己也。”
○正义曰:此章论君(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)使(shi)下事(shi)上之(zhi)(zhi)法也。厉,犹病也。言君(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)若(ruo)在上位(wei),当先示信於(wu)(wu)民,然後劳(lao)役其民,则(ze)民忘(wang)其苦也。若(ruo)未(wei)尝施信而便劳(lao)役之(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)民以(yi)(yi)为(wei)从欲崇侈、妄加困(kun)病於(wu)(wu)己(ji)(ji)也。若(ruo)为(wei)人(ren)臣,当先尽忠於(wu)(wu)君(jun)(jun),待(dai)君(jun)(jun)信己(ji)(ji),而後可谏君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)。若(ruo)君(jun)(jun)未(wei)信己(ji)(ji),而便称(cheng)君(jun)(jun)过失(shi)以(yi)(yi)谏诤(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)君(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)谤(bang)ゥ於(wu)(wu)己(ji)(ji)也。
子(zi)夏曰(yue):“大德不逾闲(xian),(孔曰(yue):“闲(xian),犹法也。”)小德出(chu)入可(ke)也。”(孔曰(yue):“小德不能不逾法,故曰(yue)出(chu)入可(ke)。”)
[疏]“子夏曰:大德不逾闲,小德出入可也”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):此章论(lun)人之(zhi)德(de)有小大,而行亦(yi)不同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。闲,犹法(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大德(de)之(zhi)人,谓(wei)上贤也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),所行皆不越法(fa)(fa)则(ze)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。小有德(de)者,谓(wei)次贤之(zhi)人,不能不逾法(fa)(fa)。有时逾法(fa)(fa)而出,旋(xuan)能入守其法(fa)(fa),不责其备(bei),故曰(yue)可也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
子(zi)(zi)(zi)游(you)曰(yue):“子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门人小子(zi)(zi)(zi),当(dang)洒(sa)扫(sao)应对进退,则(ze)可(ke)矣(yi),抑末也。本(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)无(wu),如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何?”(包(bao)(bao)曰(yue):“言子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏弟(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi),但(dan)当(dang)对宾客威仪礼节(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)则(ze)可(ke)。然此但(dan)是人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末事(shi)耳(er),不(bu)可(ke)无(wu)其本(ben),故(gu)云本(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)无(wu),如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何?”)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曰(yue):“噫(yi)!(孔(kong)(kong)曰(yue):“噫(yi),心不(bu)平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声。”)言游(you)过矣(yi)!君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,孰先(xian)(xian)传(chuan)焉?孰後倦(juan)焉?(包(bao)(bao)曰(yue):“言先(xian)(xian)传(chuan)业者必先(xian)(xian)厌(yan)倦(juan),故(gu)我(wo)门人先(xian)(xian)教以小事(shi),後将教以大道。”)譬诸(zhu)草木,区(qu)以别矣(yi)。(马(ma)曰(yue):“言大道与(yu)小道殊异。譬如(ru)草木,异类(lei)区(qu)别,言学当(dang)以次。”)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,焉可(ke)诬也?(马(ma)曰(yue):“君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,焉可(ke)使诬言我(wo)门人但(dan)能(neng)洒(sa)扫(sao)而已(yi)。”)有始(shi)有卒者,其唯圣人乎(hu)!”(孔(kong)(kong)曰(yue):“终始(shi)如(ru)一(yi),唯圣人耳(er)。”)
[疏]“子游”至“人乎”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):此(ci)章论人(ren)(ren)(ren)学业有(you)(you)先(xian)後(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“子(zi)(zi)游曰(yue)(yue):子(zi)(zi)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门人(ren)(ren)(ren)小子(zi)(zi),当(dang)(dang)洒扫应对进退,则(ze)(ze)可(ke)(ke)矣,抑未也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。本(ben)(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)无(wu),如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何”者(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)(zi)游,言(yan)偃也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。门人(ren)(ren)(ren)小子(zi)(zi),谓弟(di)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。应,当(dang)(dang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。抑,语辞(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。本(ben)(ben),谓先(xian)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。言(yan)偃有(you)(you)时(shi)评论子(zi)(zi)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟(di)子(zi)(zi),但(dan)当(dang)(dang)对宾(bin)客威(wei)仪礼节之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)则(ze)(ze)可(ke)(ke)。然此(ci)但(dan)是人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末事(shi)耳,不(bu)可(ke)(ke)无(wu)其本(ben)(ben)。今子(zi)(zi)夏(xia)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)於其本(ben)(ben)先(xian)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)则(ze)(ze)无(wu)有(you)(you),不(bu)可(ke)(ke)奈何,故(gu)(gu)云如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“子(zi)(zi)夏(xia)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曰(yue)(yue):噫”者(zhe)(zhe),噫,心(xin)不(bu)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声。子(zi)(zi)夏(xia)既闻子(zi)(zi)游之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),中(zhong)心(xin)不(bu)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)噫!“言(yan)游过(guo)矣”者(zhe)(zhe),谓言(yan)偃所说为过(guo)失也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“君子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao),孰先(xian)传焉?孰後(hou)倦(juan)焉”者(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)君子(zi)(zi)教人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao),先(xian)传业者(zhe)(zhe)必先(xian)厌(yan)倦(juan),谁有(you)(you)先(xian)传而(er)後(hou)倦(juan)者(zhe)(zhe)乎(hu)?子(zi)(zi)夏(xia)言(yan),我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),恐门人(ren)(ren)(ren)闻大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)而(er)厌(yan)倦(juan),故(gu)(gu)先(xian)教以(yi)(yi)小事(shi),後(hou)将教以(yi)(yi)大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“譬诸(zhu)草木,区以(yi)(yi)别矣”者(zhe)(zhe),诸(zhu),之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)与(yu)小道(dao)(dao)(dao)殊异,譬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)草木,异类区别,言(yan)学当(dang)(dang)以(yi)(yi)次也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“君子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao),焉可(ke)(ke)诬也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)君子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao),当(dang)(dang)知学业以(yi)(yi)次,安可(ke)(ke)便诬罔(wang)言(yan)我门人(ren)(ren)(ren)但(dan)能洒扫而(er)已。“有(you)(you)始有(you)(you)卒者(zhe)(zhe),其唯圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)乎(hu)”者(zhe)(zhe),卒,犹(you)终也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学道(dao)(dao)(dao),靡不(bu)有(you)(you)初,鲜克有(you)(you)终,能终始如一,不(bu)厌(yan)倦(juan)者(zhe)(zhe),其唯圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)耳。
子(zi)夏曰(yue)(yue):“仕(shi)而优则(ze)学,(马(ma)曰(yue)(yue):“行有馀(yu)力,则(ze)以学文(wen)。”)学而优则(ze)仕(shi)。”
[疏]“子夏曰:仕而优则学,学而优则仕”。
○正义曰:此章劝学(xue)(xue)也。言人(ren)之(zhi)仕官行己职而(er)优间有馀力,则(ze)以学(xue)(xue)先王之(zhi)遗文(wen)也。若学(xue)(xue)而(er)德业优长者则(ze)当仕进(jin),以行君臣(chen)之(zhi)义也。
子游曰:“丧致乎哀而止。”(孔(kong)曰:“毁不灭(mie)性。”)
[疏]“子游曰:丧致乎哀而止”。
○正义曰:此章言居丧之礼也。言人有父母之丧,当致极哀,不得过毁以至灭性,灭性则非孝。
○注“毁不灭性”。
○正义曰:此《孝(xiao)经(jing)》文也。注云(yun):“不(bu)食三日,哀毁过情,灭(mie)性而(er)死(si),皆亏孝(xiao)道,故圣人制礼施教,不(bu)令至於陨灭(mie)。”
子游曰:“吾友张也为(wei)难能也,(包曰:“言子张容仪之难及。”)然而未(wei)仁。”
[疏]“子游曰:吾友张也为难能也,然而未仁”。
○正义曰(yue):此章(zhang)论子(zi)张材德也。子(zi)游言吾(wu)同志之友子(zi)张,其(qi)容(rong)仪(yi)为难能及也,然而(er)其(qi)德未仁。
曾子曰:“堂堂乎张也,难与并(bing)为仁(ren)矣。”(郑曰:“言子张容仪盛,而於(wu)仁(ren)道薄也。”)
[疏]“曾子曰:“堂堂乎张也,难与并为仁矣。”
○正义曰:此章亦(yi)论子(zi)张材德也。堂(tang)(tang)堂(tang)(tang),容仪(yi)盛(sheng)(sheng)貌。曾子(zi)言子(zi)张容仪(yi)堂(tang)(tang)堂(tang)(tang)然盛(sheng)(sheng),於仁道(dao)则薄,故难与并(bing)为仁矣。
曾子曰:“吾(wu)闻诸夫子:人(ren)未(wei)有自致(zhi)者也(ye),必也(ye)亲丧乎(hu)!”(马(ma)曰:“言人(ren)虽未(wei)能(neng)自致(zhi)尽於他(ta)事,至(zhi)於亲丧,必自致(zhi)尽。”)
[疏]“曾子曰:吾闻诸夫子:人未有自致者也,必也亲丧乎!”
○正义曰:此章论人致(zhi)诚(cheng)(cheng)之事也(ye)。诸,之也(ye)。曾子言:“我(wo)闻之夫子言,人虽未(wei)能自(zi)致(zhi)尽其诚(cheng)(cheng)於他事,至於亲丧,必自(zi)致(zhi)尽也(ye)。”
曾子曰:“吾闻诸(zhu)夫子:孟庄子之(zhi)孝也(ye)(ye),其他可能(neng)也(ye)(ye);其不(bu)改(gai)父之(zhi)臣(chen)与父之(zhi)政,是难能(neng)也(ye)(ye)。”(马曰:“孟庄子,鲁大夫仲孙(sun)连(lian)也(ye)(ye)。谓在谅阴之(zhi)中(zhong),父臣(chen)及父政虽有不(bu)善(shan)者(zhe),不(bu)忍改(gai)也(ye)(ye)。”)
[疏]“曾子曰:吾闻诸夫子:孟庄子之孝也,其他可能也;其不改父之臣与父之政,是难能也”。
○正义(yi)曰:此(ci)章论鲁(lu)大夫仲孙连之(zhi)孝行也。言其他哭(ku)泣之(zhi)哀,齐斩之(zhi)情,饣粥之(zhi)食,他人(ren)可能(neng)及之(zhi)也。其在谅阴之(zhi)中,父(fu)(fu)臣及父(fu)(fu)政虽有(you)不(bu)善者,不(bu)忍改之(zhi)也,是他人(ren)难能(neng)也。
孟(meng)氏(shi)使阳肤为士(shi)(shi)师(shi),(包曰:“阳肤,曾(ceng)子弟(di)子。士(shi)(shi)师(shi),典狱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官。”)问於曾(ceng)子。曾(ceng)子曰:“上失其(qi)道,民(min)散久矣。如(ru)得(de)其(qi)情,则哀(ai)矜而勿(wu)喜(xi)!”(马曰:“民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)离散为轻漂犯(fan)法,乃上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所为,非民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)过,当哀(ai)矜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),勿(wu)自喜(xi)能得(de)其(qi)情。”)
[疏]“孟氏”至“勿喜”。
○正(zheng)义曰:此章论典(dian)狱之(zhi)法(fa)也。“孟氏使(shi)阳肤(fu)为士师(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),阳肤(fu),曾子(zi)弟子(zi)。士师(shi),典(dian)狱之(zhi)官。“问於(wu)(wu)曾子(zi)”者(zhe)(zhe),问其师(shi)求典(dian)狱之(zhi)法(fa)也。曾子(zi)曰:“上失其道,民(min)散久(jiu)矣(yi)。如得其情(qing),则(ze)哀(ai)矜而勿喜”者(zhe)(zhe),言上失为君之(zhi)道,民(min)人离散,为轻易漂掠,犯於(wu)(wu)刑(xing)法(fa)亦已久(jiu)矣(yi),乃上之(zhi)失政所为,非民(min)之(zhi)过。女(nv)若求得其情(qing),当哀(ai)矜之(zhi)勿自(zi)喜也。
子(zi)贡曰:“纣之(zhi)不善(shan)(shan),不如是之(zhi)甚(shen)也。是以君子(zi)恶居下流,天下之(zhi)恶皆(jie)归(gui)焉。”(孔曰:“纣为不善(shan)(shan),以丧天下,後世(shi)憎甚(shen)之(zhi),皆(jie)以天下之(zhi)恶归(gui)之(zhi)於(wu)纣。”)
[疏]“子贡曰:纣之不善,不如是之甚也。是以君子恶居下流,天下之恶皆归焉”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):此(ci)章戒(jie)人为恶(e)(e)也(ye)。纣名辛,字受德,商(shang)末世之(zhi)王(wang)也(ye)。为恶(e)(e)不(bu)道,周武王(wang)所(suo)杀(sha)。《谥法》:“残义(yi)损善(shan)(shan)曰(yue)纣。”言商(shang)纣虽为不(bu)善(shan)(shan),以(yi)丧(sang)天下,亦不(bu)如此(ci)之(zhi)甚(shen)也(ye),乃(nai)後人憎甚(shen)之(zhi)耳。下流(liu)者,谓为恶(e)(e)行(xing)而(er)处人下,若地(di)形卑下,则众流(liu)所(suo)归(gui)。人之(zhi)为恶(e)(e)处下,众恶(e)(e)所(suo)归(gui),是以(yi)君子常为善(shan)(shan),不(bu)为恶(e)(e),恶(e)(e)居(ju)下流(liu)故也(ye)。纣为恶(e)(e)行(xing),居(ju)下流(liu),则人皆以(yi)天下之(zhi)恶(e)(e)归(gui)之(zhi)於纣也(ye)。
子(zi)贡曰(yue):“君子(zi)之过也(ye)(ye),如日月(yue)之食焉:过也(ye)(ye),人(ren)皆见之;更(geng)也(ye)(ye),人(ren)皆仰之。”(孔曰(yue):“更(geng),改也(ye)(ye)。”)
[疏]“子(zi)(zi)(zi)贡(gong)曰(yue):君子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)过(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye),如(ru)(ru)日(ri)月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)焉(yan);过(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye),人皆(jie)见之(zhi)(zhi);更也(ye)(ye)(ye),人皆(jie)仰之(zhi)(zhi)。”正义曰(yue):此(ci)章论君子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)过(guo),似(si)日(ri)月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。更,改也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言君子(zi)(zi)(zi)苟有过(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye),则(ze)为众所知,如(ru)(ru)日(ri)月(yue)(yue)正当食(shi)时,则(ze)万物皆(jie)观也(ye)(ye)(ye)。及(ji)其(qi)改过(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)时,则(ze)人皆(jie)复仰其(qi)德,如(ru)(ru)日(ri)月(yue)(yue)明生之(zhi)(zhi)後(hou),则(ze)万物亦皆(jie)仰其(qi)明。
卫公(gong)孙(sun)朝(chao)(马曰:“公(gong)孙(sun)朝(chao),卫大夫(fu)(fu)。”)问於(wu)子贡曰:“仲(zhong)尼焉(yan)学(xue)?”子贡曰:“文(wen)、武之(zhi)道,未(wei)坠於(wu)地,在人(ren)。贤(xian)者识其大者,不(bu)贤(xian)者识其小者,莫不(bu)有(you)文(wen)、武之(zhi)道焉(yan)。夫(fu)(fu)子焉(yan)不(bu)学(xue)?(孔曰:“文(wen)武之(zhi)道,未(wei)坠落於(wu)地,贤(xian)与不(bu)贤(xian)各有(you)所(suo)识。夫(fu)(fu)子无(wu)所(suo)不(bu)从(cong)学(xue)。”)而亦何(he)常师之(zhi)有(you)?”(孔曰:“无(wu)所(suo)不(bu)从(cong)学(xue),故无(wu)常师。”)
[疏(shu)]“卫(wei)公”至(zhi)“之(zhi)(zhi)有”。正义曰:此章论仲(zhong)尼之(zhi)(zhi)德也(ye)。“卫(wei)公孙朝(chao)”者(zhe),卫(wei)大夫(fu)也(ye)。“问於子(zi)(zi)贡(gong)曰:仲(zhong)尼焉(yan)学”者(zhe),问子(zi)(zi)贡(gong):仲(zhong)尼何所(suo)从学,而得成此圣也(ye)?意谓孔子(zi)(zi)生知,无(wu)师所(suo)从学也(ye)。“子(zi)(zi)贡(gong)曰:文、武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)道,未坠(zhui)於地,在(zai)人(ren)。贤者(zhe)识(shi)(shi)其(qi)大者(zhe),不(bu)(bu)贤者(zhe)识(shi)(shi)其(qi)小(xiao)者(zhe),莫不(bu)(bu)有文、武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)道焉(yan)。夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)焉(yan)不(bu)(bu)学”者(zhe),焉(yan),犹安(an)也(ye)。言文、武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)道,未坠(zhui)落於地,行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)人(ren)。贤与不(bu)(bu)贤,各有所(suo)识(shi)(shi)。夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)皆(jie)从而学,安(an)得不(bu)(bu)学乎?“而亦何常师之(zhi)(zhi)有”者(zhe),言夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)无(wu)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)从学,故(gu)无(wu)常师。
叔(shu)孙武叔(shu)语大夫(fu)(fu)於(wu)朝(chao)(马曰(yue)(yue):“鲁大夫(fu)(fu)叔(shu)孙州仇。武,谥。”)曰(yue)(yue):“子贡(gong)贤(xian)於(wu)仲尼(ni)。”子服景伯以告子贡(gong)。子贡(gong)曰(yue)(yue):“譬之(zhi)宫墙(qiang),赐之(zhi)墙(qiang)也及肩(jian),见(jian)室家之(zhi)好。夫(fu)(fu)子之(zhi)墙(qiang)数仞,不(bu)得其门(men)而入(ru),不(bu)见(jian)宗庙之(zhi)美,百官(guan)之(zhi)富。得其门(men)者或寡(gua)矣。(包曰(yue)(yue):“七(qi)尺曰(yue)(yue)仞。”)夫(fu)(fu)子之(zhi)云(yun),不(bu)亦宜乎!”(包曰(yue)(yue):“夫(fu)(fu)子,谓武叔(shu)。”)
[疏]“叔孙”至“宜乎”。
○正义曰:此章亦明仲尼之听也。“叔孙武叔语大夫於朝曰:子贡贤於仲尼”者,叔孙武叔,鲁大夫。有时告语诸大夫於朝中曰:“子贡贤才过於仲尼。”“子服景伯以告子贡”者,景伯亦鲁大夫,子服何也。以武叔之言告之子贡也。“子贡曰:譬之宫墙,赐之墙也及肩,见室家之好。夫子之墙数仞,不得其门而入,不见宗庙之美,百官之富”者,子贡闻武叔之言已贤於仲尼,此由君子之道不可小知,故致武叔有此言。乃为之举喻曰:譬如人居之宫,四围各有墙,墙卑则可见其在内之美,犹小人之道可以小知也;墙高则不可见在内之美,犹君子之道不可小知也。今赐之墙也才及人肩,则人见墙内室家之美好。夫子之墙,高乃数仞。七尺曰仞。若人不得其门而入,则不见宗庙之美备,百官之富盛也。“得其门者或寡矣”者,言夫圣阈非凡可及,故得其门而入者或少矣。“夫子之云,不亦宜乎”者,夫子,谓武叔。以此论之,即武叔云子贡贤於仲尼,亦其宜也,不足怪焉。
○注“马曰:鲁大夫叔孙州仇。武,谥”。
○正义曰:案《世本》,州(zhou)仇(chou),父子(zi)(zi)叔(shu)牙此(ci)六世孙(sun)叔(shu)孙(sun)不敢子(zi)(zi)也。《春秋(qiu)》定十年(nian)“秋(qiu),叔(shu)孙(sun)州(zhou)仇(chou)、仲孙(sun)何忌帅师(shi)围后阝”。《左(zuo)传》曰:“武(wu)叔(shu)懿子(zi)(zi)围后阝。”是知叔(shu)孙(sun)武(wu)叔(shu)即(ji)州(zhou)仇(chou)也。《谥法(fa)》云:“刚强直(zhi)理曰武(wu)。”
叔孙武叔毁仲(zhong)尼(ni)。子(zi)贡曰(yue):“无(wu)以(yi)为也!仲(zhong)尼(ni)不(bu)可毁也。他人(ren)(ren)之贤者(zhe),丘陵也,犹可逾(yu)也;仲(zhong)尼(ni),日月也,无(wu)得而逾(yu)焉。人(ren)(ren)虽欲自(zi)绝,其(qi)何伤於日月乎?多(duo)见其(qi)不(bu)知量也。”(言人(ren)(ren)虽自(zi)绝弃於日月,其(qi)何能伤之乎?足(zu)自(zi)见其(qi)不(bu)知量也。)
[疏]“叔孙”至“量也”。
○正义曰:此章亦明仲尼也。“叔孙武叔毁仲尼”者,訾毁孔子之德也。“子贡曰:无以为也!仲尼不可毁也”者,言无用为此毁訾,夫仲尼之德不可毁也。“他人之贤者,丘陵也,犹可逾也;仲尼,日月也,无得而逾焉”者,子贡又为设譬也。言他人之贤,譬如丘陵,虽曰广显,犹可逾越;至於仲尼之贤,则如日月之至高,人不可得而逾也。“人虽欲自绝,其何伤於日月乎”者,言人虽欲毁訾夫日月,特自绝弃,於日月其何能伤之乎?故人虽欲毁仲尼,亦不能伤仲尼也,多见其不知量也。多,犹也。言非不能毁仲尼,又足自见其不知量也。
○注“言人”至“量也”。
○正义曰:云(yun)“足(zu)自见其不知(zhi)量(liang)也”者,据此(ci)注(zhu)意(yi),似训“多(duo)”为(wei)“”。所以(yi)“多(duo)”得为(wei)“”者,古人多(duo)、同音。“多(duo)见其不知(zhi)量(liang)”,犹襄(xiang)二十(shi)九年(nian)《左传》云(yun):“多(duo)见疏也”,服虔本作(zuo)“祗(zhi)见疏”,解云(yun):“,也。”晋宋杜本皆作(zuo)“多(duo)”。张衡《西京赋》云(yun):“炙炮夥,清(qing)酤多(duo),皇恩溥,洪德施(shi)。”施(shi)与多(duo)为(wei)韵。此(ci)类众矣,故以(yi)“多(duo)”为(wei)“”也。
陈(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)禽谓(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)贡曰(yue)(yue):“子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)恭也(ye)(ye),仲(zhong)尼(ni)岂贤於子(zi)(zi)(zi)乎?”子(zi)(zi)(zi)贡曰(yue)(yue):“君子(zi)(zi)(zi)一言(yan)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)知,一言(yan)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)不(bu)知,言(yan)不(bu)可不(bu)慎也(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)可及(ji)也(ye)(ye),犹天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)可阶而升(sheng)也(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)邦家者,(孔(kong)曰(yue)(yue):“谓(wei)为(wei)(wei)诸侯若卿大夫(fu)。”)所谓(wei)立(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯立(li)(li)(li),道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯行(xing),绥(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯来,动之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯和。其(qi)生(sheng)也(ye)(ye)荣,其(qi)死(si)也(ye)(ye)哀,如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何(he)其(qi)可及(ji)也(ye)(ye)?”(孔(kong)曰(yue)(yue):“绥(sui),安(an)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)政,其(qi)立(li)(li)(li)教则(ze)无不(bu)立(li)(li)(li),道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)莫不(bu)兴行(xing),安(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)远者来至,动之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)莫不(bu)和睦,故能生(sheng)则(ze)荣显(xian),死(si)则(ze)哀痛。”)
[疏]“陈子”至“及也”。
○正义(yi)曰:此章(zhang)亦明(ming)仲(zhong)(zhong)尼之(zhi)(zhi)德(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“陈(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)禽(qin)谓(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)贡(gong)曰:子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)恭(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye),仲(zhong)(zhong)尼岂贤於(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)乎”者(zhe),此子(zi)(zi)(zi)禽(qin)必作陈(chen)亢,当是同(tong)其(qi)姓字耳。见(jian)其(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)贡(gong)每事称誉其(qi)师,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)贡(gong)云:当是子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)恭(gong)孙故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye),其(qi)实仲(zhong)(zhong)尼才德(de)岂贤於(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)乎?“子(zi)(zi)(zi)贡(gong)曰:君子(zi)(zi)(zi)一(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)知,一(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知,言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慎也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)贡(gong)闻子(zi)(zi)(zi)禽(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),以(yi)此言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)拒而非(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)出(chu)一(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是,则(ze)入以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)有知;出(chu)一(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)非(fei)(fei),则(ze)人以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知。知与不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知,既由一(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),则(ze)其(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慎也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今乃云仲(zhong)(zhong)尼岂贤於(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)乎?则(ze)是女不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慎其(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),是为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)及(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye),如天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)阶而升也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),又(you)(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)设譬,言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)德(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)及(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。他(ta)人之(zhi)(zhi)贤,犹他(ta)物之(zhi)(zhi)高者(zhe),可(ke)(ke)(ke)设阶梯而升上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)。至於(wu)仲(zhong)(zhong)尼之(zhi)(zhi)德(de),犹天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)高,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)阶梯而升上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)。“夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)得(de)邦(bang)家者(zhe),所谓(wei)(wei)立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)斯立(li),道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)斯行,绥(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)斯来(lai),动(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)斯和(he)。其(qi)生也(ye)(ye)(ye)荣,其(qi)死(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)哀,如之(zhi)(zhi)何(he)其(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)及(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),又(you)(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)广言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)仲(zhong)(zhong)尼为(wei)(wei)(wei)政之(zhi)(zhi)德(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。得(de)邦(bang),谓(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)侯。得(de)家,谓(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)卿大(da)夫(fu)。绥(sui),安也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)政,其(qi)立(li)教则(ze)无(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立(li),道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)兴行,安之(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)远者(zhe)来(lai)至,动(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)民莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)睦(mu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)能(neng)生则(ze)荣显,死(si)则(ze)哀痛(tong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)如之(zhi)(zhi)何(he)其(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)及(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)!