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纪昀《阅微草堂笔记》卷十 如是我闻四 在线阅读

[移动版] 作者:纪昀

后(hou)(hou)汉(han)敦煌(huang)太守裴岑破呼衍王碑(bei)(bei),在(zai)巴里(li)坤(kun)海(hai)子上关帝(di)祠中。屯军耕恳(ken),得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土中也(ye)。其(qi)事不(bu)见(jian)后(hou)(hou)汉(han)书,然文句古(gu)奥,字画浑朴,断非后(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)所依托,以(yi)僻在(zai)西域,无人(ren)(ren)摹(mo)石刻(ke),锋棱犹完整。乾隆庚寅游击刘存(cun)仁(ren)--此(ci)(ci)是其(qi)字,其(qi)名(ming)偶忘(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。武进人(ren)(ren)也(ye),摹(mo)刻(ke)一木本,洒(sa)火药于上,烧为斑驳,绝(jue)似古(gu)碑(bei)(bei)。二本并传于世,赏鉴家率以(yi)旧(jiu)石本为新(xin)(xin),新(xin)(xin)木本为旧(jiu),与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辩,傲然弗信也(ye)。以(yi)同时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物,有目睹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),而(er)真伪颠(dian)倒(dao)尚如此(ci)(ci),况以(yi)千百年外哉!易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象数,诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小序(xu),春(chun)秋(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三传,或亲(qin)见(jian)圣人(ren)(ren),或去古(gu)未远,经师授受(shou),端绪(xu)分明。宋儒曰:汉(han)前人(ren)(ren)皆(jie)不(bu)知(zhi),吾以(yi)理知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye),其(qi)类此(ci)(ci)也(ye)。

康熙十(shi)四年,西洋贡狮(shi),馆阁前(qian)辈多(duo)有(you)(you)赋(fu)咏。相(xiang)传不(bu)久即逸(yi)去,其(qi)(qi)行如(ru)(ru)风,巳刻绝(jue)锁(suo),午刻即出嘉峪关,此齐东语也(ye)(ye)。圣祖(zu)南巡,由(you)卫(wei)河回銮,尚以船(chuan)(chuan)载此狮(shi)。先(xian)外(wai)祖(zu)母曹(cao)太夫(fu)人(ren),曾(ceng)于度帆楼窗隙(xi)窥之,其(qi)(qi)身如(ru)(ru)黄犬,尾(wei)如(ru)(ru)虎而稍长,面(mian)圆如(ru)(ru)人(ren),不(bu)似他(ta)兽之狭(xia)削,系船(chuan)(chuan)头将军柱上,缚一(yi)豕饲之,在岸犹号叫,近船(chuan)(chuan)即襟不(bu)出声(sheng)。及置狮(shi)前(qian),狮(shi)俯首一(yi)嗅,已(yi)怖而死(si)。临(lin)解缆时(shi)(shi),忽一(yi)震吼,声(sheng)如(ru)(ru)无数铜钲陡然合(he)击,外(wai)祖(zu)家厩(jiu)马(ma)十(shi)余,隔垣闻之,皆(jie)战栗伏枥下,船(chuan)(chuan)去移时(shi)(shi),尚不(bu)敢动,信其(qi)(qi)为百兽王矣。狮(shi)初至(zhi)时(shi)(shi),吏部侍郎阿(a)公(gong)礼(li)稗画,为当(dang)代顾(gu)陆,曾(ceng)盏笔(bi)对写一(yi)图(tu),笔(bi)意精妙,旧(jiu)藏博晰斋前(qian)辈家,阿(a)公(gong)手赠(zeng)其(qi)(qi)祖(zu)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。后售于余,尝(chang)乞(qi)一(yi)赏鉴家题签,阿(a)公(gong)原(yuan)未(wei)署名,以元代曾(ceng)有(you)(you)献狮(shi)事(shi),遂题曰元人(ren)狮(shi)子真形图(tu)。晰斋曰:少(shao)宰丹(dan)青(qing),原(yuan)不(bu)在元人(ren)下,此赏鉴未(wei)为谬也(ye)(ye)。

乾(qian)隆庚辰,戈芥(jie)舟前辈(bei)扶乩,其(qi)仙自称唐人张紫鸾,将访(fang)刘长卿于瀛洲(zhou)岛,偕游(you)(you)天姥。或叩以(yi)事(shi),书一(yi)诗(shi)(shi)曰:身从异域来,时(shi)见瀛洲(zhou)岛,日(ri)(ri)落晚风凉,一(yi)雁入(ru)云杳。隐(yin)示鸿冥物外,不预人世(shi)之是(shi)非(fei)也。芥(jie)舟与(yu)论(lun)诗(shi)(shi),即(ji)欣(xin)然酬答,以(yi)所游(you)(you)名胜破(po)石崖,天姥峰,庐山联句三篇(pian)而去。芥(jie)舟时(shi)修献县(xian)志(zhi),因(yin)附录志(zhi)末。其(qi)破(po)石崖一(yi)篇(pian),前为五(wu)言律诗(shi)(shi),八(ba)韵(yun)(yun)(yun)对偶,声(sheng)韵(yun)(yun)(yun)俱(ju)谐。第九韵(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)下(xia),忽(hu)作鲍参军(jun)行路难,李(li)太白蜀(shu)道难体,唐三百(bai)年诗(shi)(shi)人无此体裁,殊不入(ru)格。其(qi)以(yi)东冬庚青四韵(yun)(yun)(yun)通押,仿昌(chang)黎(li)此日(ri)(ri)足可惜(xi)诗(shi)(shi),以(yi)穿鼻声(sheng)七(qi)韵(yun)(yun)(yun)为一(yi)部例,又似稍读(du)古(gu)书者。盖略涉(she)文翰之鬼,伪托(tuo)唐人也。

河城在县东十五里,隋乐寿县故城也。西村民掘地得一镜,广(guang)丈余(yu),已触碎其(qi)半,见者人持(chi)一片(pian)去,置室中,每(mei)夕吐光,凡数家皆然,是亦王度神镜,应月(yue)盈(ying)亏之(zhi)类。但残破之(zhi)余(yu),尚能如此(ci)(ci)更异耳(er)。或疑镜何(he)以如此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)大(da),余(yu)谓(wei)此(ci)(ci)必河间王宫殿中物。陆机(ji)与弟云(yun)书曰:仁寿殿中,有大(da)方镜广(guang)丈余(yu),过(guo)之(zhi)辄(zhe)写人影(ying),是晋代犹沿(yan)此(ci)(ci)制也。

乾隆(long)己卯(mao)庚辰间,献县掘得唐(tang)张君平墓(mu)志,大中七年(nian)明经(jing)刘伸撰。字画尚可观,文殊鄙俚(li),余拓示李廉衣前辈,曰(yue):公谓(wei)古(gu)人(ren)事事胜今(jin)人(ren),此(ci)非唐(tang)文耶?天下率以名相(xiang)耀耳。如(ru)核其实(shi),善笔札者必(bi)(bi)称晋,其时亦(yi)(yi)必(bi)(bi)有极拙之(zhi)(zhi)字;善吟咏者必(bi)(bi)称唐(tang),其时亦(yi)(yi)必(bi)(bi)有极恶之(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)。非晋之(zhi)(zhi)厮役皆(jie)羲献,唐(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)屠沽皆(jie)李杜也。西子(zi)东家,实(shi)为一(yi)姓;盗跖柳下,乃是同胞(bao)。岂能美则俱(ju)美,贤(xian)则俱(ju)贤(xian)耶?赏鉴家得一(yi)宋(song)砚,虽滑(hua)不受墨,亦(yi)(yi)宝若(ruo)球图;得一(yi)汉印,虽谬(miu)不成(cheng)文,亦(yi)(yi)珍逾珠璧。问何所取(qu),曰(yue):取(qu)其古(gu)耳。东坡诗(shi)曰(yue):嗜好与俗殊酸咸。斯之(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)欤?

交(jiao)河(he)老儒刘君(jun)(jun)琢,名璞,素(su)谨厚,以(yi)长者(zhe)称(cheng),在余家(jia)设帐二十余年。从兄懋园坦(tan)居,从弟东白羲轩,皆其弟子也(ye)。尝(chang)自(zi)河(he)间岁试(shi)归,中途遇雨,借宿(su)民(min)家(jia),主人曰(yue):家(jia)惟有(you)屋两楹,尚可栖止,然(ran)素(su)有(you)魅,不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)狐(hu)(hu)与(yu)鬼(gui)也(ye),君(jun)(jun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)畏,则(ze)请解(jie)装(zhuang)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)已(yi)宿(su)焉(yan)。灭烛(zhu)以(yi)后,承尘(chen)上(shang)轰(hong)轰(hong)震响,如怒马奔腾,君(jun)(jun)琢起著衣冠,长揖(yi)仰祝(zhu)曰(yue):偃蹇寒(han)儒,偶然(ran)宿(su)此,欲祸我(wo)(wo)耶(ye)?我(wo)(wo)非君(jun)(jun)仇。欲戏(xi)我(wo)(wo)耶(ye)?与(yu)君(jun)(jun)素(su)不(bu)(bu)(bu)狎昵。欲逐我(wo)(wo)耶(ye)?今夜必(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)行。明(ming)朝亦必(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)住(zhu),何(he)必(bi)(bi)多此扰攘耶(ye)?俄闻(wen)承尘(chen)上(shang)似老媪语曰(yue):客言殊(shu)有(you)理,尔(er)辈勿太造次。闻(wen)足音(yin)橐橐然(ran),向西北隅去,顷刻寂然(ran)矣(yi)。君(jun)(jun)琢尝(chang)以(yi)告门(men)人曰(yue):遇意外之(zhi)横逆,平心(xin)静气,或有(you)解(jie)时。当(dang)时如怒詈之(zhi),未(wei)必(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)抛砖(zhuan)掷瓦。又(you)刘景(jing)南尝(chang)就一(yi)寓,迁入之(zhi)夕(xi),大(da)为狐(hu)(hu)扰,景(jing)南诃之(zhi)曰(yue):我(wo)(wo)自(zi)出钱租宅(zhai),汝何(he)得(de)鸠占鹊巢。狐(hu)(hu)厉声答(da)曰(yue):使君(jun)(jun)先居此,我(wo)(wo)续(xu)来争(zheng),则(ze)曲在我(wo)(wo),我(wo)(wo)居此宅(zhai)五六十年,谁(shei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)者(zhe),君(jun)(jun)何(he)处不(bu)(bu)(bu)可租宅(zhai),而必(bi)(bi)来共住(zhu),是恃气相凌(ling)也(ye),我(wo)(wo)安肯让君(jun)(jun)。景(jing)南次日(ri)遂移去。何(he)励(li)庵先生曰(yue):君(jun)(jun)琢所(suo)遇之(zhi)狐(hu)(hu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)为理屈(qu),景(jing)南所(suo)遇之(zhi)狐(hu)(hu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)以(yi)理屈(qu)人。先兄晴湖(hu)曰(yue):屈(qu)狐(hu)(hu)易,能(neng)(neng)(neng)屈(qu)于狐(hu)(hu)难(nan)。

道家有(you)(you)太阴炼形(xing)(xing)法,葬数(shu)百(bai)(bai)年,期满则复生。此(ci)但有(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)说(shuo),未睹斯(si)事。古以水银敛者,尸不(bu)(bu)朽,则凿(zao)然有(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。董曲江曰:凡罪应戮(lu)尸者,虽(sui)葬多(duo)年,尸不(bu)(bu)朽,吕留(liu)良焚骨(gu)时,开其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)棺,貌如(ru)生,刃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尚有(you)(you)微血。盖鬼神留(liu)尸伏诛(zhu)也(ye)(ye)。某人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)曲江之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin)(qin)族,当时举(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)字,今忘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi),时官浙(zhe)江,奉檄位(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事,亲(qin)(qin)目击之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然此(ci)类皆不(bu)(bu)为祟,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为祟者曰僵尸。僵尸有(you)(you)二,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)新尸未敛者,忽(hu)跃起搏人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren);其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)久葬不(bu)(bu)腐者,变形(xing)(xing)如(ru)魑魅,夜或(huo)出游,逢人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)即(ji)攫。或(huo)曰旱魃(ba)即(ji)此(ci),莫能(neng)详也(ye)(ye)。夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)死(si)则形(xing)(xing)神离矣(yi),谓(wei)神不(bu)(bu)附(fu)形(xing)(xing),安能(neng)有(you)(you)知觉运动;谓(wei)神乃附(fu)形(xing)(xing),是(shi)(shi)(shi)复生矣(yi),何又不(bu)(bu)为人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)而为妖。且新死(si)尸厥者,并其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)父母子女,或(huo)抱持不(bu)(bu)释,十(shi)指抉入肌骨(gu),使无知何以能(neng)踊跃,使有(you)(you)知何以一(yi)息才(cai)绝?即(ji)不(bu)(bu)识(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所亲(qin)(qin),是(shi)(shi)(shi)则殆有(you)(you)邪物凭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),戾气(qi)惑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而非(fei)游魂(hun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为变欤。袁(yuan)子才(cai)前辈(bei)新齐谐载南昌士(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)行尸夜见其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)友事,始而祈请,继(ji)而感(gan)激,继(ji)而凄恋(lian),继(ji)而变形(xing)(xing)搏噬。谓(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)魂(hun)善而魄(po)恶,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)魂(hun)灵(ling)而魄(po)愚。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)始来也(ye)(ye),一(yi)灵(ling)不(bu)(bu)泯,魄(po)附(fu)魂(hun)以行;其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)既去也(ye)(ye),心事既毕,魂(hun)一(yi)散百(bai)(bai)魄(po)滞(zhi)。魂(hun)在则为人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye),魂(hun)去则非(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)移(yi)尸走影皆魄(po)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),惟有(you)(you)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),为能(neng)制魄(po),语亦(yi)凿(zao)凿(zao)有(you)(you)精理。然管窥(kui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)见,终疑其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)别有(you)(you)故也(ye)(ye)。

任子(zi)田言,其乡有人(ren)夜(ye)行,月下见墓(mu)道(dao)松(song)柏间(jian)有两人(ren)并(bing)坐,一男子(zi)年约(yue)十(shi)六七,韶秀(xiu)可爱(ai),一妇(fu)(fu)人(ren)白发(fa)垂项,拘偻携(xie)杖,似七八十(shi)以(yi)上人(ren)。倚肩笑语,意若(ruo)甚相悦,窃(qie)讶何(he)物淫(yin)妪,乃与少年狎阗。行稍近,冉(ran)冉(ran)而灭。次日(ri)询是谁(shei)家冢,始知某早年夭折,其妇(fu)(fu)孀守五十(shi)余年,殁而合(he)(he)窆于是也。诗曰:生则(ze)异室,死则(ze)同穴。情之(zhi)(zhi)至也。礼(li)曰:殷人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)葬(zang)也离之(zhi)(zhi);周人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)葬(zang)也合(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)。善夫,圣人(ren)通幽明之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),故能(neng)以(yi)人(ren)情知鬼神之(zhi)(zhi)情也。不近人(ren)情,又乌(wu)知礼(li)意哉。

族侄肇先言,有书生读书僧寺,遇放焰口,见其威仪整肃,指挥号令,若可驱役鬼神。喟然曰:冥司之敬彼教,乃逾于儒。灯影朦胧间,一叟在旁语曰:经纶宇宙,惟赖圣贤,彼仙佛特以神道补所不及耳。故冥司之重圣贤,在仙佛上。然所重者真圣贤,若伪圣贤则阴干天怒,罪亦在伪仙伪佛上。古风淳朴,此类差稀,四五百年以来,累囚日众,已别增一狱矣。盖释道之徒,不过巧陈罪福,诱人施舍,自妖党聚徒,谋为不轨外,其伪称我仙我佛者,千万中无一。儒则自命圣贤者,比比皆是,民听可惑,神理难诬,是以生拥皋比,殁沉阿鼻。以其贻害人心,为圣贤所恶故也。书生骇愕,问此地府事,公何由知?一弹指间,已无所睹矣。

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