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纪昀《阅微草堂笔记》卷二十四 滦阳续录六 在线阅读

[移动版] 作者:纪昀

余官兵部尚(shang)书时,往良乡送征湖北兵,小(xiao)憩长新(xin)店,旅舍见壁上有归雁诗(shi)二首,其一曰(yue):料峭西风雁字(zi)斜,深(shen)秋又送汝还家,可怜飞(fei)到无多日,二月仍来看杏花。其二曰(yue):水阔云深(shen)伴(ban)侣稀,萧条只(zhi)与燕(yan)同(tong)归,惟嫌来岁(sui)乌衣巷(xiang),却向雕梁各自(zi)飞(fei)。末(mo)题晴湖二字(zi),是(shi)先兄(xiong)字(zi)也。然语意笔(bi)迹,皆不似先兄(xiong),当(dang)别一人。或曰(yue):有郑君名鸿(hong)撰,亦字(zi)晴湖。

偶见(jian)田(tian)(tian)侯(hou)松岩持画扇(shan),笔墨(mo)秀(xiu)润(run),大似衡山(shan),云(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)亲串德君芝(zhi)麓所作也。上有(you)一诗,曰:野(ye)水平沙落日遥(yao),半山(shan)红树影(ying)萧条,酒楼(lou)人倚孤(gu)樽(zun)坐,看(kan)我骑(qi)驴过板桥。风味悠然,有(you)尘(chen)外之(zhi)致(zhi)。复有(you)德君题语,云(yun)(yun)(yun)是卓悟庵作画,即(ji)画此(ci)诗意,故并录此(ci)诗。殆亦(yi)爱(ai)其(qi)语也。田(tian)(tian)侯(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)悟庵名卓礼图,然不能详其(qi)始末,大抵沉于下僚者,遥(yao)情(qing)高韵,而名氏翳如,录而存之(zhi),亦(yi)郭(guo)恕先之(zhi)远山(shan)数角耳。

古人祠宇,俎豆一方,使后人挹想风规,生其效法,是即维风励俗之教也。其间精灵常在,肸磘如闻者所在多有,依托假借,凭以猎取血食者间亦有之。相传有士人宿陈留一村中,因溽暑散步野外,黄昏后冥色苍茫,忽遇一人相揖俱坐,老树之下叩其乡里名姓,其人云:君勿相惊,仆即蔡中郎也,祠墓虽存,享祀多缺,又生刀士流殁,不欲求食于俗辈,以君气类,故敢布下忱,明日赐一野祭可乎?士人故雅量,亦不恐怖,因询以汉末事,依违酬答,多罗贯中三国演义中语,已窃疑之。及询其生平始末,则所述事迹与高则诚琵琶记纤悉曲折,一一皆同。因笑语之曰:资斧匮乏,实无以享君,君宜别求有力者。惟一语嘱君,自今以往,似宜求后汉书,三国志,中(zhong)郎(lang)文集(ji)稍稍一观,于求食之道更近耳(er)。其人面(mian)赧彻耳(er),跃起现(xian)鬼(gui)形去(qu),是影(ying)射敛财之术,鬼(gui)亦能之矣。

梁(liang)豁堂言,有(you)(you)(you)客游粤(yue)东者,妇(fu)死(si)寄柩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)山寺(si),夜梦(meng)妇(fu)曰:寺(si)有(you)(you)(you)厉鬼(gui),伽蓝(lan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)弗(fu)能(neng)制也(ye)(ye),凡(fan)寄柩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)僧(seng)寮者,男率(lv)为(wei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)役,女率(lv)为(wei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)污,吾力拒,弗(fu)能(neng)免也(ye)(ye),君(jun)盍讼于(yu)(yu)(yu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)?醒而忆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)了了,乃(nai)主香(xiang)祝(zhu)曰:我梦(meng)如是(shi),其春睡(shui)迷离(li)耶(ye)?意想所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)造耶(ye)?抑汝(ru)(ru)真(zhen)有(you)(you)(you)灵(ling)耶(ye)?果有(you)(you)(you)灵(ling),当三夕(xi)来(lai)告(gao)我,已(yi)而再(zai)(zai)夕(xi),梦(meng)皆(jie)然,乃(nai)牒诉(su)于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)。数日无(wu)肸(xi)磘,一夕(xi)梦(meng)妇(fu)来(lai)曰:讼若得直(zhi),则(ze)(ze)伽蓝(lan)为(wei)失纠举,山神(shen)(shen)(shen)社公为(wei)失约束,于(yu)(yu)(yu)阴律皆(jie)获谴,故(gu)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)踌躇(chu)未能(neng)理,君(jun)盍再(zai)(zai)具牒,称(cheng)将诣江西,诉(su)于(yu)(yu)(yu)正乙真(zhen)人,则(ze)(ze)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)必有(you)(you)(you)处置矣(yi)(yi)。如所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)言具牒投之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),数日又梦(meng)妇(fu)来(lai),曰:昨城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)召我,谕曰:此(ci)鬼(gui)原居此(ci)室中,是(shi)汝(ru)(ru)侵彼,非彼摄汝(ru)(ru)也(ye)(ye)。男女共(gong)居一室,其仆隶往来(lai),形迹嫌(xian)疑(yi),或所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)免,汝(ru)(ru)诉(su)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)无(wu)因(yin),今为(wei)汝(ru)(ru)重(zhong)笞其仆隶,已(yi)足(zu)谢汝(ru)(ru),何(he)(he)必坚执(zhi)奸污,自(zi)博不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)贞(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名乎(hu)?从来(lai)有(you)(you)(you)事,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如化无(wu)事,大(da)事不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如化小事,汝(ru)(ru)速(su)令汝(ru)(ru)夫移柩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)去(qu),则(ze)(ze)此(ci)案结矣(yi)(yi)。再(zai)(zai)四思(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),凡(fan)事可(ke)已(yi)则(ze)(ze)已(yi),何(he)(he)必定(ding)与神(shen)(shen)(shen)道争,反激(ji)意外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患,君(jun)即(ji)移我去(qu)可(ke)也(ye)(ye)。问城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯理,何(he)(he)欲诉(su)天师,即(ji)作是(shi)调停?曰:天师虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)治(zhi)幽冥(ming),然遇有(you)(you)(you)控诉(su),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)奏(zou)章于(yu)(yu)(yu)上帝,诸神(shen)(shen)(shen)弗(fu)能(neng)阻也(ye)(ye)。城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)亦(yi)恐(kong)激(ji)意外(wai)患,故(gu)委曲消(xiao)弭(mi),使两造均可(ke)以(yi)(yi)已(yi)耳。语讫,郑重(zhong)而去(qu),其夫移柩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)他所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo),遂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)梦(meng)。此(ci)鬼(gui)苟能(neng)自(zi)救,即(ji)无(wu)多(duo)求,亦(yi)可(ke)云解事矣(yi)(yi)。然城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)既为(wei)明(ming)神(shen)(shen)(shen),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)司何(he)(he)事,毋乃(nai)聪明(ming)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正直(zhi)乎(hu)?且养(yang)痈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)治(zhi),终有(you)(you)(you)酿为(wei)大(da)狱时,并所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)谓聪明(ming)者,毋乃(nai)亦(yi)通蔽各半乎(hu)?

田白岩言(yan),济(ji)南(nan)朱子(zi)青与一狐(hu)(hu)(hu)友(you),但(dan)闻(wen)声(sheng)(sheng)而(er)(er)不见形(xing)(xing)(xing),亦(yi)(yi)时(shi)预(yu)文酒(jiu)之会,词辩纵横,莫能屈也。一日(ri),有请(qing)见其形(xing)(xing)(xing)者,狐(hu)(hu)(hu)曰(yue):欲见吾(wu)(wu)真形(xing)(xing)(xing)耶?真形(xing)(xing)(xing)安可(ke)使君见,欲见吾(wu)(wu)幻(huan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)耶?是形(xing)(xing)(xing)既幻(huan),与不见同,又(you)何必(bi)见。众(zhong)固请(qing)之,狐(hu)(hu)(hu)曰(yue):君等(deng)意(yi)中,觉吾(wu)(wu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)何似?一人(ren)曰(yue):当(dang)庞眉皓首(shou)。应(ying)(ying)声(sheng)(sheng)即(ji)现一老(lao)人(ren)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。又(you)一人(ren)曰(yue):当(dang)仙(xian)风道骨。应(ying)(ying)声(sheng)(sheng)即(ji)现一道士(shi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。又(you)一人(ren)曰(yue):当(dang)星冠羽(yu)衣。应(ying)(ying)声(sheng)(sheng)即(ji)现一仙(xian)官形(xing)(xing)(xing)。又(you)一人(ren)曰(yue):当(dang)貌如(ru)童(tong)颜。应(ying)(ying)声(sheng)(sheng)即(ji)现一婴儿形(xing)(xing)(xing)。又(you)一人(ren)戏曰(yue):庄子(zi)言(yan)姑射神(shen)人(ren),绰约(yue)若处(chu)子(zi),君亦(yi)(yi)当(dang)如(ru)是。即(ji)应(ying)(ying)声(sheng)(sheng)现一美人(ren)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。又(you)一人(ren)曰(yue):应(ying)(ying)声(sheng)(sheng)而(er)(er)变,是皆幻(huan)耳(er),究欲一睹真形(xing)(xing)(xing)。狐(hu)(hu)(hu)曰(yue):天下之大,孰肯以真形(xing)(xing)(xing)示人(ren)者,而(er)(er)欲我独示真形(xing)(xing)(xing)乎?大笑而(er)(er)去。子(zi)青曰(yue):此狐(hu)(hu)(hu)自称七(qi)百岁,盖阅历(li)深(shen)矣。

舅氏实斋安公曰:讲学家(jia)(jia)例言无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鬼,鬼吾未(wei)见,鬼语(yu)则吾亲闻之(zhi)。雍(yong)正壬子乡(xiang)试(shi),返(fan)宿白沟河,屋三楹,余(yu)(yu)住西(xi)间,先(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)南(nan)士住东间,交相(xiang)(xiang)问讯,因沽酒夜(ye)谈。南(nan)士称(cheng)与一(yi)(yi)(yi)友为总角交,其家(jia)(jia)酷贫(pin),亦时(shi)周(zhou)以(yi)(yi)钱粟,后(hou)北上公车,适(shi)余(yu)(yu)在某巨公家(jia)(jia)司笔墨,悯其飘泊,邀与同居(ju),遂渐(jian)为主人(ren)所赏(shang)识,乃(nai)摭余(yu)(yu)家(jia)(jia)事,潜造蜚语(yu),挤余(yu)(yu)出(chu)而(er)据(ju)余(yu)(yu)馆。今将托钵(bo)山东,天下岂有(you)此无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)良(liang)(liang)人(ren)耶(ye)?方相(xiang)(xiang)与太息,忽窗外呜(wu)呜(wu)有(you)泣声(sheng),良(liang)(liang)久语(yu)曰:尔(er)(er)(er)尚责人(ren)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)良(liang)(liang)耶(ye)?尔(er)(er)(er)家(jia)(jia)本有(you)妇(fu),见我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)在门(men)前(qian)买花粉,诡(gui)言未(wei)娶,诳我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)父(fu)(fu)母,赘尔(er)(er)(er)于(yu)(yu)家(jia)(jia),尔(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)良(liang)(liang)否(fou)耶(ye)?我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)父(fu)(fu)母患疫,先(xian)后(hou)殁(mo),别无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)亲属,尔(er)(er)(er)据(ju)其宅(zhai),收(shou)其资,而(er)棺(guan)衾祭葬俱草草,与死一(yi)(yi)(yi)奴婢同,尔(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)良(liang)(liang)否(fou)耶(ye)?尔(er)(er)(er)妇(fu)附粮艘寻至,入门(men)与尔(er)(er)(er)相(xiang)(xiang)诟厉,即欲逐我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo),既而(er)知原是我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)家(jia)(jia),尔(er)(er)(er)衣(yi)(yi)食于(yu)(yu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo),乃(nai)暂容留(liu),尔(er)(er)(er)巧说百端,降(jiang)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)为妾(qie),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)苟求宁静,忍泪(lei)曲从,尔(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)良(liang)(liang)否(fou)耶(ye)?既据(ju)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)宅(zhai),索我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)供(gong)给,又虐使(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo),呼我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)小名,动使(shi)伏地受(shou)杖,尔(er)(er)(er)反代(dai)彼揿我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)项背(bei),按我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)手足,叱我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)勿转侧(ce),尔(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)良(liang)(liang)否(fou)耶(ye)?越年余(yu)(yu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)财产衣(yi)(yi)饰(shi)剥削并尽,乃(nai)鬻(yu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)于(yu)(yu)西(xi)商,来相(xiang)(xiang)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)时(shi),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)不(bu)肯出(chu),又痛捶我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo),致我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)途穷(qiong)自尽,尔(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)良(liang)(liang)否(fou)耶(ye)?我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)殁(mo)后(hou)不(bu)与一(yi)(yi)(yi)柳棺(guan),不(bu)与一(yi)(yi)(yi)纸钱,复褫(chi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)敝(bi)衣(yi)(yi),仅存一(yi)(yi)(yi)裤,裹以(yi)(yi)芦(lu)席,葬丛冢,尔(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)良(liang)(liang)否(fou)耶(ye)?吾诉(su)于(yu)(yu)神明,今来取尔(er)(er)(er),尔(er)(er)(er)尚责人(ren)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)良(liang)(liang)耶(ye)?其声(sheng)哀(ai)厉,童仆并闻,南(nan)士惊怖,瑟缩莫措一(yi)(yi)(yi)词。遽激然仆地,余(yu)(yu)虑或牵涉,未(wei)晓(xiao)即行,不(bu)知其后(hou)如何(he),谅无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生理矣。因果分明,了然有(you)据(ju),但不(bu)知讲学家(jia)(jia)见之(zhi),又作何(he)遁词耳。

张浮差秋坪新语载余家二事,其一记先兄晴湖家东楼鬼,此楼在兄宅之西,以先世未析产时,楼在宅之东,故沿其旧名,其事不虚,但委曲未详耳。此楼建于明万历乙卯,距今百八十四年矣,楼上楼下,凡缢死七人,故无敢居者,是夕不得已开之,遂有是变,殆形家所谓凶方欤?然其侧一小楼,居者子孙蕃衍,究莫明其故也。其一记余子汝佶临殁事,亦不得六七,惟作西商语索埔事,则野鬼假托以求食,后穷诘其姓名居址年月,与见闻此事之人,乃词穷而去。汝佶与债家涉讼时,刑部曾细核其积埔数目,具有案牍,亦无此条。盖张氏纪氏为世姻,妇女递相述说,不能无纤毫增减也。嗟乎!所见异词,所闻异词,所传闻异词,鲁史且然,况稗官小说,他人记吾家之事,其异同吾知之,他人不能知也。然则吾记他人家之事,据其所闻,辄为叙述,或虚或实或漏,他人得而知之,吾亦不得知也。刘后村诗曰:斜阳古柳赵家庄,负鼓盲翁正作场,死后是非谁得管,满村听唱蔡中郎。匪今斯今,振古如兹矣,惟不失忠厚之意,稍存劝惩之旨,不颠倒是非如碧云磛,不怀挟恩怨如周秦行记,不描摹才子佳人如会真记,不绘画横陈如秘辛,冀不见摈于君子云尔。

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