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史记·淮南衡山列传原文、注释与翻译

[移动版] 作者:佚名

孝文八年(nian),上(shang)怜淮南王(wang),淮南王(wang)有子(zi)(zi)(zi)四人,皆七(qi)八岁,乃封子(zi)(zi)(zi)安为(wei)(wei)(wei)阜陵(ling)侯(hou),子(zi)(zi)(zi)勃(bo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)安阳(yang)侯(hou),子(zi)(zi)(zi)赐为(wei)(wei)(wei)阳(yang)周侯(hou),子(zi)(zi)(zi)良为(wei)(wei)(wei)东城侯(hou)。

孝文十二(er)(er)年,民有作歌(ge)歌(ge)淮南厉(li)王(wang)曰:“一尺布,尚可缝;一斗粟,尚可舂。兄弟二(er)(er)人不能相(xiang)容。”上(shang)闻(wen)之,乃叹曰:“尧(yao)舜放逐(zhu)骨肉①,周公(gong)杀管蔡②,天下称圣。何(he)者?不以私害公(gong)。天下岂以我(wo)为(wei)贪淮南王(wang)地邪?”乃徙城阳(yang)王(wang)王(wang)淮南故地,而追(zhui)尊谥淮南王(wang)为(wei)厉(li)王(wang)③,置园复如诸侯仪(yi)④。

孝(xiao)文十六年,徙淮(huai)南(nan)王(wang)(wang)喜(xi)复故(gu)城阳(yang)。上怜淮(huai)南(nan)厉(li)(li)王(wang)(wang)废法(fa)不轨,自使失国(guo)蚤死,乃立其三子:阜陵侯(hou)安(an)(an)为淮(huai)南(nan)王(wang)(wang),安(an)(an)阳(yang)侯(hou)勃为衡山(shan)王(wang)(wang),阳(yang)周侯(hou)赐为庐(lu)江(jiang)王(wang)(wang),皆复得(de)厉(li)(li)王(wang)(wang)时地(di),参分之⑤。东城侯(hou)良前薨,无(wu)后也。

①相传舜(shun)弟象(xiang)总是蓄意杀害舜(shun),舜(shun)立为天子后(hou),将(jiang)他放(fang)(fang)逐。此见于《孟子·万(wan)章(zhang)上》和(he)《韩(han)非子·忠孝》,卷一《五帝本纪》不载。②周成王(wang)年幼即位,由周公摄政(zheng)。周公的(de)兄(xiong)弟管叔(shu)、蔡叔(shu)等人不服,联(lian)合武(wu)庚和(he)东(dong)(dong)方夷族(zu)反叛。周公率军东(dong)(dong)征,杀武(wu)庚、管叔(shu),放(fang)(fang)逐蔡叔(shu),平(ping)定(ding)了叛乱。详见卷四(si)《周本纪》。 ③谥(shi):死后(hou)追(zhui)封的(de)称号。④园:陵(ling)园。 ⑤参:三。


孝(xiao)文帝八年(nian)(前172),皇上怜悯淮南王(wang),淮南王(wang)有儿子四人,年(nian)龄都是七、八岁,于是封(feng)其子刘(liu)安为阜陵侯,其子刘(liu)勃(bo)为安阳侯,其子刘(liu)赐(ci)为阳周侯,其子刘(liu)良为东(dong)城(cheng)侯。

孝文帝(di)十(shi)二(er)(er)年(前168),有百姓(xing)作歌歌唱淮(huai)南厉(li)(li)王的遭遇说(shuo):“一尺麻布,尚可缝;一斗谷子,尚可舂(chōng,冲)。兄弟二(er)(er)人(ren)不(bu)能相容。”皇上听到后,就叹息说(shuo):“尧舜放逐自己的家人(ren),周公杀死管(guan)叔蔡叔,天下人(ren)称赞他们(men)贤明。为(wei)什么呢(ni)?因(yin)为(wei)他们(men)能不(bu)因(yin)私情而损害王朝的利益。天下人(ren)难(nan)道认为(wei)我是(shi)贪图淮(huai)南王的封(feng)地吗?”于是(shi)徙(xǐ,洗)封(feng)城阳王刘(liu)喜(xi)去统领淮(huai)南王的故国,而谥(shì,是(shi))封(feng)已故淮(huai)南王为(wei)厉(li)(li)王,并按诸侯仪制(zhi)为(wei)他建造了陵园(yuan)。

孝文帝十六年(前(qian)(qian)164),皇(huang)上迁淮南王(wang)刘(liu)喜复返城阳故地。皇(huang)上哀怜淮南厉王(wang)因废弃王(wang)法图谋(mou)不(bu)轨(gui),而自(zi)惹祸患(huan)失国(guo)早(zao)死,便封立他(ta)的三个儿(er)子:阜陵(ling)侯刘(liu)安为(wei)淮南王(wang),安阳侯刘(liu)勃为(wei)衡山王(wang),阳周侯刘(liu)赐(ci)为(wei)庐(lu)江王(wang),他(ta)们都重获厉王(wang)时(shi)封地,三分共(gong)享。东城侯刘(liu)良此前(qian)(qian)已(yi)死,没有(you)后代。

孝景三年,吴(wu)楚(chu)七(qi)国反①,吴(wu)使(shi)者至淮(huai)南,淮(huai)南王(wang)欲发兵(bing)应之。其相曰:“大王(wang)必(bi)欲发兵(bing)应吴(wu),臣(chen)愿为将(jiang)。”王(wang)乃属相兵(bing)②。淮(huai)南相已将(jiang)兵(bing),因(yin)城守,不(bu)听王(wang)而(er)为汉;汉亦使(shi)曲城侯将(jiang)兵(bing)救(jiu)淮(huai)南;淮(huai)南以故得(de)完。吴(wu)使(shi)者至庐江,庐江王(wang)弗应,而(er)往来使(shi)越。吴(wu)使(shi)者至衡(heng)山(shan),衡(heng)山(shan)王(wang)坚守无二心③。

孝景四年,吴楚已破,衡山王(wang)(wang)(wang)朝,上以(yi)(yi)为(wei)贞(zhen)(zhen)信,乃劳苦(ku)之曰:“南方(fang)卑湿。”徙(xi)衡山王(wang)(wang)(wang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)济北,所以(yi)(yi)褒(bao)之。及薨,遂赐(ci)谥为(wei)贞(zhen)(zhen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。庐江(jiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)边越(yue)④,数(shu)使使相交,故(gu)徙(xi)为(wei)衡山王(wang)(wang)(wang)⑤,王(wang)(wang)(wang)江(jiang)北。淮南王(wang)(wang)(wang)如故(gu)。

①吴楚七国(guo)反:吴王(wang)刘濞(bi)(bi)、楚王(wang)刘戊与赵(zhao)、胶(jiao)东(dong)、胶(jiao)西、葘(zi)川、济南诸王(wang),以(yi)“清君(jun)侧(ce)”杀晁错为(wei)名(ming),联(lian)合举兵叛乱。详见卷一百(bai)六《吴王(wang)濞(bi)(bi)列传》。②属:交(jiao)付。③按:此(ci)段(duan)(duan)与下段(duan)(duan)中华书局本原为(wei)一段(duan)(duan),今据文意分为(wei)二段(duan)(duan)。④边越:边界(jie)与越国(guo)相接(jie)。⑤按:景帝将(jiang)庐江(jiang)王(wang)迁往衡山国(guo),是防范(fan)他和边远的越国(guo)结(jie)交(jiao),发展诸侯国(guo)势(shi)力,对中央政权造成新的隐患;而衡山国(guo)在长江(jiang)以(yi)北,便于朝廷进行控(kong)制。

孝景帝三(san)年(前154),吴(wu)楚七国(guo)举(ju)兵(bing)反叛,吴(wu)国(guo)使(shi)者到淮(huai)(huai)南(nan)联络,淮(huai)(huai)南(nan)王(wang)(wang)意欲发兵(bing)响(xiang)应。淮(huai)(huai)南(nan)国(guo)相(xiang)说:“大(da)王(wang)(wang)如果非要发兵(bing)响(xiang)应吴(wu)王(wang)(wang),臣(chen)愿为(wei)统军将领(ling)。”淮(huai)(huai)南(nan)王(wang)(wang)就(jiu)把(ba)军队(dui)交给了他(ta)。淮(huai)(huai)南(nan)国(guo)相(xiang)得(de)(de)到兵(bing)权后,指挥(hui)军队(dui)据城(cheng)防守叛军,不听淮(huai)(huai)南(nan)王(wang)(wang)的(de)命令而为(wei)朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)(ting)效(xiao)劳(lao);朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)(ting)也(ye)派出曲城(cheng)侯蛊(gu)捷(jie)率军援(yuan)救淮(huai)(huai)南(nan):淮(huai)(huai)南(nan)国(guo)因此得(de)(de)以保全。吴(wu)国(guo)使(shi)者来到庐江(jiang),庐江(jiang)王(wang)(wang)不肯响(xiang)应,而派人与(yu)越(yue)国(guo)联络。吴(wu)国(guo)使(shi)者往衡山,衡山王(wang)(wang)效(xiao)忠朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)(ting),坚守城(cheng)池毫(hao)无二(er)心。

孝景帝四年(前153),吴(wu)楚叛军已被(bei)破败,衡山(shan)王(wang)(wang)入(ru)朝,皇上认为(wei)他忠贞(zhen)守信(xin),便(bian)慰(wei)劳他说(shuo):“南方之地低洼(wa)潮湿。”改(gai)任(ren)衡山(shan)王(wang)(wang)掌管济水以(yi)北的(de)(de)地区(qu),以(yi)此作为(wei)褒(bao)奖。他去(qu)世后便(bian)赐封为(wei)贞(zhen)王(wang)(wang)。庐江(jiang)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)封地邻近越国(guo),屡次派遣使臣与之结交(jiao),因此被(bei)北迁为(wei)衡山(shan)王(wang)(wang),统(tong)管长江(jiang)以(yi)北地区(qu)。淮南王(wang)(wang)依(yi)然如故。

淮南王安为人(ren)好读(du)书鼓琴,不喜(xi)弋猎(lie)狗马驰骋(cheng)①,亦欲以(yi)行阴德拊循(xun)百姓②,流誉天下(xia)。时(shi)时(shi)怨望厉(li)王死③,时(shi)欲畔逆④,未有因(yin)也⑤。

及建元二年,淮南(nan)王(wang)入(ru)朝。素善武(wu)(wu)安侯(hou),武(wu)(wu)安侯(hou)时(shi)为太尉,乃逆王(wang)霸上⑥,与王(wang)语(yu)曰:“方今上无太子,大(da)(da)王(wang)亲高皇帝孙,行仁义,天下莫不闻。即宫车一日宴驾⑦,非大(da)(da)王(wang)当谁立者(zhe)!”淮南(nan)王(wang)大(da)(da)喜(xi),厚遗武(wu)(wu)安侯(hou)金财物⑧。阴(yin)结宾(bin)客,拊循百姓,为畔逆事。

建元六(liu)年,慧星见(jian),淮南(nan)王心怪(guai)之(zhi)。或(huo)说王曰:“先吴军起时,慧星出长数尺,然尚流血千(qian)里(li)。今慧星长竟(jing)天,天下兵当大起。”王心以(yi)为上无太(tai)子,天下有变,诸(zhu)侯并争,愈益治器(qi)械攻战具(ju),积金(jin)(jin)钱赂遗郡国(guo)诸(zhu)侯游士奇材(cai)⑨。诸(zhu)辨士为方略者⑩,妄(wang)作妖言(yan),谄谀王,王喜,多赐(ci)金(jin)(jin)钱,而(er)谋(mou)反滋甚。

①弋:用(yong)绳系(xi)在箭上射猎(lie)。②行阴德:暗中(zhong)(zhong)施(shi)恩惠(hui)于(yu)人(ren)。 拊循:安抚。 ③怨望:怨恨。 ④畔(pan):通“叛”。⑤因:机会。按:此段(duan)与以下(xia)两段(duan)中(zhong)(zhong)华(hua)书局本原为一段(duan),今(jin)据(ju)文意(yi)分为三段(duan)。⑥逆:迎。 ⑦晏驾:车(che)驾迟行。这(zhei)句是用(yong)皇上乘坐宫车(che)延迟起驾婉言其死。⑧遗:赠(zeng)送(song)。⑨游士:从(cong)事(shi)游说(shuo)活动的(de)人(ren)。⑩辨士:能言善辩的(de)人(ren)。放略:计谋。

淮(huai)南王刘安(an)的性情喜好读书(shu)弹琴,不爱(ai)射猎放狗跑马,他(ta)也想暗中做好事来安(an)抚(fu)百姓,流(liu)播美誉于天下。他(ta)常(chang)常(chang)怨恨厉王之死,常(chang)想反叛朝(chao)廷(ting),但(dan)是(shi)没有机会。


到了孝武(wu)帝(di)建元(yuan)二年(前139),淮南王(wang)(wang)入(ru)京朝(chao)见皇上。与他(ta)一(yi)向交好(hao)的武(wu)安侯田蚡(fén,坟),当时(shi)做太尉。田蚡在霸上迎侯淮南王(wang)(wang),告(gao)诉他(ta)说:“现今(jin)皇上没有(you)太子,大(da)王(wang)(wang)您是(shi)高皇帝(di)的亲孙,施行仁义(yi),天下无人不知。假如(ru)有(you)一(yi)天宫车晏驾皇上过世,不是(shi)您又该谁继位呢!”淮南王(wang)(wang)大(da)喜,厚赠武(wu)安侯金银钱(qian)财物品。淮南王(wang)(wang)暗(an)中(zhong)结交宾(bin)客,安抚百姓,谋划叛逆(ni)之(zhi)事。

建(jian)元六年(nian)(前(qian)135),慧(hui)(hui)星出现(xian),淮南(nan)(nan)王(wang)心生怪异。有人(ren)劝说淮南(nan)(nan)王(wang)道:“先前(qian)吴军起兵(bing)时,慧(hui)(hui)星出现(xian)仅长数尺(chi),而兵(bing)战仍然血流千里。现(xian)在慧(hui)(hui)星长至满天,天下兵(bing)战应当大兴。”淮南(nan)(nan)王(wang)心想(xiang)皇(huang)上没有太(tai)子,若天下发(fa)生变故,诸侯王(wang)将一齐争夺(duo)皇(huang)位,便更加加紧整治(zhi)兵(bing)器和攻战器械(xie),积聚黄金钱财贿赠郡守、诸侯王(wang)、说客和有奇(qi)才的(de)人(ren)。各位能言巧辩的(de)人(ren)为淮南(nan)(nan)王(wang)出谋划策(ce),都胡(hu)乱编造(zao)荒诞的(de)邪说,阿谀逢迎淮南(nan)(nan)王(wang)。淮南(nan)(nan)王(wang)心中(zhong)十分欢喜,赏他们很(hen)多钱财,而谋反之心更甚。

淮南(nan)王有女陵,慧,有口辨。王爱(ai)陵,常多予金钱,为中诇(xiong)长安①,约结上左右②。

元朔三年(nian),上赐淮南(nan)王(wang)几杖③,不(bu)(bu)(bu)朝④。淮南(nan)王(wang)王(wang)后(hou)荼,王(wang)爱(ai)幸之(zhi)。王(wang)后(hou)生太(tai)子(zi)迁(qian),迁(qian)取王(wang)皇太(tai)后(hou)外孙修成君女(nv)为(wei)妃(fei)(fei)⑤。王(wang)谋(mou)为(wei)反具(ju)⑥,畏(wei)太(tai)子(zi)妃(fei)(fei)知而内泄事,乃(nai)(nai)与太(tai)子(zi)谋(mou),令(ling)诈(zha)弗爱(ai),三月(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同席。王(wang)乃(nai)(nai)详为(wei)怒太(tai)子(zi),闭太(tai)子(zi)使与妃(fei)(fei)同内三月(yue)(yue),太(tai)子(zi)终(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)近妃(fei)(fei)。妃(fei)(fei)求(qiu)去,王(wang)乃(nai)(nai)上书谢归去之(zhi)。王(wang)后(hou)荼、太(tai)子(zi)迁(qian)及女(nv)陵得(de)爱(ai)幸王(wang),擅国权,侵夺民田宅(zhai),妄致系人⑦。

①诇(xiòng,去声“兄”):侦(zhen)察,刺探。②按:本段(duan)与下一段(duan)中华书局(ju)本原为(wei)一段(duan),今(jin)据文意(yi)改(gai)为(wei)二段(duan)。③几杖:几案和手杖。④不(bu)朝:当时刘(liu)安年54岁,皇上照顾他(ta)年老,准(zhun)许他(ta)不(bu)必按例(li)入(ru)京朝见(jian)。⑤取:同(tong)“娶”。⑥为(wei)反具(ju):制造谋反的(de)器(qi)具(ju)。⑦此(ci)句是说(shuo)任意(yi)加罪拘捕无辜(gu)的(de)人。妄,胡(hu)乱行事(shi),不(bu)守法。致,得到,此(ci)指把人抓来。

淮(huai)南王有女儿名刘陵(ling),她(ta)聪敏,有口才(cai)。淮(huai)南王喜爱刘陵(ling),经(jing)常(chang)多(duo)给她(ta)钱财(cai),让她(ta)在(zai)长安刺探朝中内情(qing),结交皇上(shang)亲近(jin)的人。

元朔三年(nian)(前126),皇上赏(shang)赐淮(huai)(huai)南(nan)王(wang)(wang)几案手(shou)杖,恩准他(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)必入京(jing)朝(chao)见。淮(huai)(huai)南(nan)王(wang)(wang)王(wang)(wang)后(hou)名荼(tú,图),淮(huai)(huai)南(nan)王(wang)(wang)很宠幸她(ta)。王(wang)(wang)后(hou)生太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)刘迁,刘迁娶王(wang)(wang)皇太(tai)后(hou)外(wai)孙修成君(jun)的女儿做妃子(zi)(zi)(zi)。淮(huai)(huai)南(nan)王(wang)(wang)策划制造谋(mou)反的器具,害(hai)怕太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的妃子(zi)(zi)(zi)知道后(hou)向朝(chao)中泄露机(ji)密,就和太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)策划,让他(ta)(ta)(ta)假装不(bu)爱妃子(zi)(zi)(zi),三个月(yue)(yue)不(bu)和她(ta)同席共寝。于是淮(huai)(huai)南(nan)王(wang)(wang)佯装恼怒太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi),把他(ta)(ta)(ta)关起(qi)来,让他(ta)(ta)(ta)和妃子(zi)(zi)(zi)同居一室三月(yue)(yue),而太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)始终不(bu)亲(qin)近(jin)她(ta)。妃子(zi)(zi)(zi)请求离去,淮(huai)(huai)南(nan)王(wang)(wang)便上奏(zou)朝(chao)廷致歉,把她(ta)送回(hui)娘家。王(wang)(wang)后(hou)荼、太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)刘迁和女儿刘陵受(shou)淮(huai)(huai)南(nan)王(wang)(wang)宠爱,专擅国权(quan),侵(qin)夺(duo)百姓(xing)田地房宅,任(ren)意加罪拘捕无辜之人。

元朔五年,太(tai)子(zi)学用剑,自(zi)(zi)以(yi)为(wei)人莫及,闻郎(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雷(lei)被(bei)(bei)(bei)巧①,乃召与戏。被(bei)(bei)(bei)一再辞让②,误中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)太(tai)子(zi)。太(tai)子(zi)怒,被(bei)(bei)(bei)恐。此时(shi)有(you)(you)欲从军者辄诣京师(shi),被(bei)(bei)(bei)即愿(yuan)奋击(ji)匈(xiong)奴(nu)。太(tai)子(zi)迁(qian)(qian)数恶被(bei)(bei)(bei)于王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)使郎(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)令(ling)斥免③,欲以(yi)禁(jin)后(hou),被(bei)(bei)(bei)遂(sui)亡至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长安,上(shang)书自(zi)(zi)明。诏(zhao)(zhao)下其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)廷(ting)(ting)尉(wei)、河南(nan)。河南(nan)治(zhi),逮淮(huai)南(nan)太(tai)子(zi),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)计(ji)欲无遣(qian)太(tai)子(zi),遂(sui)发兵反,计(ji)犹豫(yu),十余日未(wei)定。会有(you)(you)诏(zhao)(zhao),即讯(xun)太(tai)子(zi)④。当(dang)(dang)是时(shi),淮(huai)南(nan)相怒寿春丞留(liu)太(tai)子(zi)逮不遣(qian)⑤,劾不敬。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)请相,相弗听。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)使人上(shang)书告相,事(shi)(shi)下廷(ting)(ting)尉(wei)治(zhi)。踪迹连王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)使人候伺汉(han)(han)公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)⑥,公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)请逮捕治(zhi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)恐事(shi)(shi)发,太(tai)子(zi)迁(qian)(qian)谋(mou)曰(yue):“汉(han)(han)使即逮王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)令(ling)人衣(yi)(yi)卫士衣(yi)(yi),持(chi)戟居庭(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)旁有(you)(you)非(fei)是⑦,则刺杀(sha)之(zhi),臣亦使人刺杀(sha)淮(huai)南(nan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei),乃举(ju)兵,未(wei)晚 。”是时(shi)上(shang)不许公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)请,而遣(qian)汉(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)宏即讯(xun)验(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)⑧。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)闻汉(han)(han)使来,即如(ru)太(tai)子(zi)谋(mou)计(ji)。汉(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)视其(qi)(qi)颜(yan)色和(he),讯(xun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)斥雷(lei)被(bei)(bei)(bei)事(shi)(shi)耳,王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)自(zi)(zi)度无何,不发。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)还,以(yi)闻。公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)治(zhi)者曰(yue):“淮(huai)南(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)安拥阏(yan)奋击(ji)匈(xiong)奴(nu)者雷(lei)被(bei)(bei)(bei)等⑨,废格明诏(zhao)(zhao)⑩,当(dang)(dang)弃市(shi)。”诏(zhao)(zhao)弗许。公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)请废勿王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),诏(zhao)(zhao)弗许。公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)请削(xue)五县,诏(zhao)(zhao)削(xue)二县。使中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)宏赦(she)淮(huai)南(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)罪,罚(fa)以(yi)削(xue)地。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)入(ru)淮(huai)南(nan)界,宣(xuan)言赦(she)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)初闻汉(han)(han)公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)请诛之(zhi),未(wei)知(zhi)得削(xue)地,闻汉(han)(han)使来,恐其(qi)(qi)捕之(zhi),乃与太(tai)子(zi)谋(mou)刺之(zhi)如(ru)前计(ji)。及中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),即贺王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)故(gu)不发。其(qi)(qi)后(hou)自(zi)(zi)伤曰(yue):“吾行(xing)仁义见(jian)削(xue),甚耻之(zhi)。然淮(huai)南(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)削(xue)地之(zhi)后(hou),其(qi)(qi)为(wei)反谋(mou)益(yi)甚。诸(zhu)使道从长安来,为(wei)妄妖言,言上(shang)无男(nan),汉(han)(han)不治(zhi),即喜;即言汉(han)(han)廷(ting)(ting)治(zhi),有(you)(you)男(nan),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)怒,以(yi)为(wei)妄言,非(fei)也。

①靁:同“雷”。②一(yi)再:一(yi)次二次。③斥免:斥退免官。 即:就近,此指(zhi)在淮南(nan)国(guo)就地(di)审太子(zi)案,而不逮至河南(nan)郡(jun)。⑤丞(cheng):指(zhi)县丞(cheng)。 留(liu)太子(zi)逮不遣(qian):把河南(nan)郡(jun)逮捕太子(zi)的(de)命令扣下来不发。⑥候(hou)伺:窥伺,侦(zhen)察。⑦非是:指(zhi)不正常的(de)情况。⑧讯验:询问查证。⑨拥阏:阻塞,此指(zhi)阻挠(nao)。⑩废格:阻挠(nao)执行(xing)诏令。

元(yuan)朔(shuo)五年(前(qian)(qian)124),太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)学习使(shi)(shi)剑,自以(yi)为(wei)剑术高超,无人(ren)(ren)可比。听(ting)说(shuo)郎(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雷(lei)被(bei)(bei)剑艺精湛,便召他(ta)(ta)(ta)前(qian)(qian)来(lai)较量。雷(lei)被(bei)(bei)一(yi)次(ci)二(er)次(ci)退让(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)后,失手击中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)了(le)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)动怒,雷(lei)被(bei)(bei)恐惧。这(zhei)时凡想从军的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)总是投奔京城,雷(lei)被(bei)(bei)当即(ji)决定(ding)去参军奋击匈奴(nu)。太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)刘迁(qian)屡次(ci)向淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)说(shuo)雷(lei)被(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)坏话,淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)让(rang)郎(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)令(ling)(ling)(ling)斥退罢(ba)免(mian)了(le)他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)官职,以(yi)此(ci)儆(jing)(jǐng,井)示后人(ren)(ren)。于(yu)是雷(lei)被(bei)(bei)逃到(dao)(dao)长安(an),向朝(chao)廷(ting)上(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)申(shen)诉冤屈。皇(huang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)诏令(ling)(ling)(ling)廷(ting)尉(wei)、河南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)郡(jun)审(shen)理此(ci)事(shi)。河南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)郡(jun)议(yi)决,追捕(bu)淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)到(dao)(dao)底,淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后打(da)算不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遣送太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),趁机发兵反(fan)叛(pan)。可是反(fan)复(fu)谋划(hua)犹(you)豫,十几天未能(neng)定(ding)夺。适(shi)逢朝(chao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又(you)有(you)(you)诏令(ling)(ling)(ling)下(xia)(xia)(xia)达,让(rang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)地(di)(di)(di)传讯太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在这(zhei)时,淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)国(guo)(guo)相恼怒寿春县(xian)丞将(jiang)逮捕(bu)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)命令(ling)(ling)(ling)扣下(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)发,控告他(ta)(ta)(ta)犯有(you)(you)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敬”之(zhi)(zhi)罪。淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)请求(qiu)(qiu)国(guo)(guo)相不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)追究此(ci)事(shi),国(guo)(guo)相不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)听(ting)。淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)便派人(ren)(ren)上(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)控告国(guo)(guo)相,皇(huang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)将(jiang)此(ci)事(shi)交(jiao)付廷(ting)尉(wei)审(shen)理。办(ban)案(an)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)线索牵连(lian)到(dao)(dao)淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)派人(ren)(ren)暗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)打(da)探朝(chao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)大臣(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)意见,公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)大臣(chen)(chen)请求(qiu)(qiu)逮捕(bu)淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)治(zhi)罪。淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)害(hai)怕事(shi)发,太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)刘迁(qian)献策说(shuo):“如果(guo)朝(chao)廷(ting)使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)(chen)来(lai)逮捕(bu)父(fu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),父(fu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)可叫人(ren)(ren)身穿卫士衣(yi)裳,持戟站立(li)庭院之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),父(fu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)身边(bian)一(yi)有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)测发生(sheng),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)刺杀(sha)他(ta)(ta)(ta),我也(ye)派人(ren)(ren)刺死淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)国(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)此(ci)举兵起事(shi),尚不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)迟。”这(zhei)时皇(huang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)批准(zhun)公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)大臣(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)奏请,而(er)改(gai)派朝(chao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)殷(yin)(yin)宏赴(fu)淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)国(guo)(guo)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)地(di)(di)(di)向淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)询问(wen)查证案(an)情(qing)。淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)闻讯朝(chao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)(chen)前(qian)(qian)来(lai),立(li)即(ji)按(an)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)计谋做了(le)准(zhun)备(bei)。朝(chao)廷(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)到(dao)(dao)达后,淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)看他(ta)(ta)(ta)态(tai)度(du)温和,只(zhi)询问(wen)自己罢(ba)免(mian)雷(lei)被(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)因由,揣(chuai)度(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)会定(ding)什么罪,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)没有(you)(you)发作(zuo)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)还朝(chao),把(ba)查询的(de)(de)情(qing)况上(shang)(shang)(shang)奏。公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)大臣(chen)(chen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)负责办(ban)案(an)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)说(shuo):“淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)刘安(an)阻挠雷(lei)被(bei)(bei)从军奋击匈奴(nu)等行径,破(po)坏了(le)执(zhi)行天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)明确下(xia)(xia)(xia)达的(de)(de)诏令(ling)(ling)(ling),应判处弃市死罪。”皇(huang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)诏令(ling)(ling)(ling)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)许(xu)。公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)大臣(chen)(chen)请求(qiu)(qiu)废其王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)位(wei),皇(huang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)诏令(ling)(ling)(ling)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)许(xu)。公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)大臣(chen)(chen)请求(qiu)(qiu)削(xue)(xue)夺其五县(xian)封地(di)(di)(di),皇(huang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)诏令(ling)(ling)(ling)削(xue)(xue)夺二(er)县(xian)。朝(chao)廷(ting)派中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)殷(yin)(yin)宏去宣布赦免(mian)淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)罪过,用削(xue)(xue)地(di)(di)(di)以(yi)示惩(cheng)罚。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)进入(ru)淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)国(guo)(guo)境,宣布赦免(mian)淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)起初听(ting)说(shuo)朝(chao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)大臣(chen)(chen)请求(qiu)(qiu)杀(sha)死自己,并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)道获得宽赦削(xue)(xue)地(di)(di)(di),他(ta)(ta)(ta)听(ting)说(shuo)朝(chao)廷(ting)使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)(chen)已动身前(qian)(qian)来(lai),害(hai)怕自己被(bei)(bei)捕(bu),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)和太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)按(an)先前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)计谋准(zhun)备(bei)刺杀(sha)他(ta)(ta)(ta)。待到(dao)(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)已至(zhi),立(li)即(ji)祝(zhu)贺淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)获赦,淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)因此(ci)没有(you)(you)起事(shi)。事(shi)后他(ta)(ta)(ta)哀伤自己说(shuo):“我行仁义之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)却(que)被(bei)(bei)削(xue)(xue)地(di)(di)(di),此(ci)事(shi)太耻辱了(le)。”然而(er)淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)削(xue)(xue)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)后,策划(hua)反(fan)叛(pan)的(de)(de)阴谋更为(wei)加剧。诸位(wei)使(shi)(shi)者从长安(an)来(lai),制造荒诞骗人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)邪说(shuo),凡声(sheng)称皇(huang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)无儿,汉家天下(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)太平的(de)(de),淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)闻之(zhi)(zhi)即(ji)喜;如果(guo)说(shuo)汉王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)朝(chao)太平,皇(huang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)男儿,淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)恼怒,认为(wei)是胡言乱语,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可信。

王日夜与伍被、左吴(wu)等案舆地图①,部署兵所从入。王曰:“上无(wu)太(tai)子(zi),宫车即(ji)宴驾,廷(ting)臣必征胶东王,不即(ji)族(zu)常山王②,诸侯并争,吾(wu)可以无(wu)备乎!且(qie)吾(wu)高祖孙,亲行仁义,陛下遇(yu)我厚,吾(wu)能忍之;万世之后,吾(wu)宁能北(bei)面臣事竖(shu)子(zi)乎③!”

王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)坐东(dong)宫(gong)(gong),召伍被(bei)与(yu)谋(mou),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“将军上(shang)④,”被(bei)怅然曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“上(shang)宽赦(she)大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)复(fu)安得此(ci)(ci)亡国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语乎!臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)闻(wen)(wen)子(zi)胥(xu)谏吴(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)⑤,吴(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用,乃曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)今(jin)(jin)见(jian)麋鹿游姑苏(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)台(tai)也(ye)’⑥。今(jin)(jin)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)亦见(jian)宫(gong)(gong)中(zhong)生荆棘,露沾衣(yi)也(ye)。”王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)怒,系伍被(bei)父母(mu),囚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)月。复(fu)召曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“将军许寡人(ren)(ren)乎?”被(bei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),直(zhi)来(lai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)画(hua)耳。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)闻(wen)(wen)聪者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)听(ting)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)无声(sheng),明者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)见(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)未形(xing),故(gu)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)万举万全。昔(xi)文王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)一(yi)(yi)动而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)功显(xian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)千(qian)世⑦,列为(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)代,此(ci)(ci)所谓(wei)因天(tian)(tian)(tian)心(xin)以(yi)动作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye),故(gu)海(hai)(hai)内(nei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)期而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)随。此(ci)(ci)千(qian)岁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)见(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。夫(fu)百(bai)年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秦,近世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吴(wu)(wu)楚(chu),亦足以(yi)喻(yu)国(guo)家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)存亡矣。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢避子(zi)胥(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诛(zhu)⑧,愿(yuan)大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)毋为(wei)(wei)(wei)吴(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)听(ting)。昔(xi)秦绝圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,杀(sha)术士⑨,燔《诗》《书》⑩,弃礼(li)义,尚诈力,任刑罚,转负海(hai)(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粟致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)河(he)(11)。当是(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,男子(zi)疾耕不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)糟糠,女子(zi)纺绩不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)盖形(xing)(12)。遣蒙恬筑长(zhang)城,东(dong)西(xi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)千(qian)里(li),暴兵露师(shi)常数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)万(13),死(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)胜数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),僵尸(shi)千(qian)里(li),流(liu)血顷亩(14),百(bai)姓力竭,欲(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)乱者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)(shi)(shi)家而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)五。又(you)使(shi)(shi)徐福(fu)入海(hai)(hai)求神异物(15),还为(wei)(wei)(wei)伪辞曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)见(jian)海(hai)(hai)中(zhong)大(da)(da)神,言曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“汝西(xi)皇(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)邪(16)?”臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)答(da)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“然。”“汝何(he)(he)求?”曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“愿(yuan)请延年益寿(shou)药。”神曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“汝秦王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)薄(bo),得观而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得取。”即从臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)东(dong)南(nan)至蓬莱山(shan),见(jian)芝成(cheng)(cheng)宫(gong)(gong)阙(17),有(you)(you)使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)铜色而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)龙(long)形(xing),光上(shang)照(zhao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)再(zai)拜问曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“宜何(he)(he)资(zi)以(yi)献?”海(hai)(hai)神曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“以(yi)令名男子(zi)若振(zhen)女与(yu)百(bai)工(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(18),即得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。”秦皇(huang)帝(di)(di)大(da)(da)说(19),遣振(zhen)男女三(san)(san)千(qian)人(ren)(ren),资(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五谷种种百(bai)工(gong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)行(20)。徐福(fu)得平原广泽,止(zhi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)来(lai)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)百(bai)姓悲(bei)(bei)痛相思,欲(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)乱者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)(shi)(shi)家而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)六。又(you)使(shi)(shi)尉佗(tuo)逾五岭攻百(bai)越(21)。尉佗(tuo)知中(zhong)国(guo)劳(lao)极(22),止(zhi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)来(lai),使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)上(shang)书,求女无夫(fu)家者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)万人(ren)(ren),以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)士卒衣(yi)补。秦皇(huang)帝(di)(di)可(ke)(ke)其(qi)万五千(qian)人(ren)(ren)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)百(bai)姓离(li)心(xin)瓦解(jie),欲(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)乱者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)(shi)(shi)家而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)七(qi)。客谓(wei)高(gao)(gao)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘时可(ke)(ke)矣 。’高(gao)(gao)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘待之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)当起东(dong)南(nan)间(jian)。’不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)年,陈(chen)胜吴(wu)(wu)广发矣。高(gao)(gao)皇(huang)始于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)丰沛,一(yi)(yi)倡天(tian)(tian)(tian)下不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)期而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)响(xiang)应者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)胜数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)所谓(wei)蹈瑕候(hou)间(jian)(23),因秦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亡而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)动者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。百(bai)姓愿(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),若旱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望雨,故(gu)起于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)行陈(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)立为(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(24),功高(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(25),德传(chuan)无穷。今(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)见(jian)高(gao)(gao)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)得天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)也(ye),独不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)观近世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吴(wu)(wu)楚(chu)乎?夫(fu)吴(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)赐号为(wei)(wei)(wei)刘氏祭酒(26),复(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朝(chao),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)四郡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众(zhong)(zhong)(27),地方数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)千(qian)里(li),内(nei)铸消铜以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)钱(28),东(dong)煮海(hai)(hai)水(shui)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)盐(yan),上(shang)取江陵(ling)木以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)船(chuan),一(yi)(yi)船(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)载当中(zhong)国(guo)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)两车(29),国(guo)富民众(zhong)(zhong)。行珠(zhu)玉金帛赂诸侯宗室(shi)大(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen),独窦氏不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(30)。计(ji)(ji)室(shi)谋(mou)成(cheng)(cheng),举兵而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)西(xi)。破于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)梁(liang),败于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)狐父,奔(ben)走而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)东(dong),至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)丹徒,越人(ren)(ren)禽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(31),身死(si)绝祀(32),为(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下笑。夫(fu)以(yi)吴(wu)(wu)越之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)成(cheng)(cheng)功者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)(he)(33)?诚逆天(tian)(tian)(tian)道而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知时也(ye)。方今(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵众(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)分吴(wu)(wu)楚(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi),天(tian)(tian)(tian)下安宁有(you)(you)万倍于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)秦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,愿(yuan)大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)从臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)计(ji)(ji)。大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)计(ji)(ji),今(jin)(jin)见(jian)大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)事(shi)必(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)语先泄也(ye)。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)闻(wen)(wen)微子(zi)过故(gu)国(guo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)悲(bei)(bei)(34),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)作(zuo)《麦(mai)秀(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌》(35),是(shi)痛纣(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)比干也(ye)(36)。故(gu)《孟子(zi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘纣(zhou)(zhou)贵为(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi),死(si)曾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)若匹夫(fu)’。是(shi)纣(zhou)(zhou)先自绝于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下久矣,非(fei)死(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今(jin)(jin)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)亦窃悲(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)弃千(qian)乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(37),必(bi)且赐绝命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书,为(wei)(wei)(wei)群臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)先,死(si)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)东(dong)宫(gong)(gong)也(ye)。”于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang))气怨结而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)扬(yang),涕满匡(kuang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)横(heng)流(liu)(38),即起,历阶而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)去。

①案:考察。 舆地图:地图。②不即:要不就是。③竖子:小子,对人的蔑称。④将军:依汉制,天子朝中有将军,诸侯王无权委任。刘安称伍被“将军”,显露出叛逆之志,故遭伍被拒绝。⑤子胥谏吴王:前494年吴王夫差战败越王勾践后,骄纵轻敌,不再防犯越国的复仇之心。伍子胥屡次直言权谏吴王,吴王均不听,前473年,越灭吴。详见卷六十六《伍子胥列传》。⑥麋鹿:一种稀有哺乳动物,角似鹿,尾似驴,蹄似牛,颈似骆驼,又名四不象。姑苏之台:吴王曾在姑苏山上建造高台以游观太湖。此句以麋鹿将出没姑苏台废墟的荒凉景象预示吴国的覆亡之兆。⑦文王一动:殷纣王当政荒虐无道,周文王为灭商纣率周族东进,自岐山迁都丰邑(今陕西西安沣水西岸)。详见卷四《周本纪》。⑧子胥之诛:前484年吴王夫差攻齐,伍子胥认为越国才是心腹之患,反对出兵。吴王战胜归来,听信太宰嚭(pǐ,匹)的谗言,赐伍子胥子刎。详见卷六十六《伍子胥列传》。⑨术士:儒生。⑩《诗》《书》:儒家典籍《诗经》和《尚书》。按:秦始皇焚书坑儒事详见卷六《秦始皇本纪》。(11)转:运输。负海之粟:海边的谷子。(12)绩:破麻搓成麻线。(13)暴兵露师:泛言军队风餐露宿、常年戌边的艰苦生活。暴,同“曝”,显露。(14)顷亩:百亩,这里是泛言面积广大之意。(15)徐福:即卷六《秦始皇本纪》中的徐巿。 (16)西皇:西土皇帝,与东海大神相对而言。(17)芝:灵芝草,有延年益寿的作用,被古人视为仙草。(18)令名男子:良家男童。若:和。 振女:童女。“振”通“侲”。(19)说:“同“悦”,喜欢。(20)五谷种种:泷川资言《史记会注考证》据《汉书·伍被(bei)传》疑(yi)此处(chu)衍出的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)“种(zhong)”字。(21)五岭(ling):即大庾(yu)岭(ling)、骑田岭(ling)、都(dou)庞岭(ling)、萌渚岭(ling)和城(cheng)岭(ling)。(22)中(zhong)国(guo):指(zhi)中(zhong)原。(23)瑕:空隙,薄弱环节。间:空隙。(24)行:行伍。 陈:同(tong)“阵(zhen)”,战阵(zhen)。(25)三王(wang)(wang)(wang):夏禹、商汤、周(zhou)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。(26)祭(ji)(ji)酒:指(zhi)很受尊(zun)敬的(de)人(ren)。古代宴会和祭(ji)(ji)典(dian)时,先由有(you)声望的(de)人(ren)举酒示祭(ji)(ji),故(gu)祭(ji)(ji)酒者位尊(zun)。 (27)四(si)郡:卷(juan)(juan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百六《吴(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)濞列传》记其封地为(wei)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)三郡五十(shi)(shi)三城(cheng)”。(28)消:通“销(xiao)”,熔化金(jin)属。(29)两:同(tong)“辆”。(30)窦氏:文(wen)皇(huang)有(you)窦皇(huang)后,窦氏家(jia)族成为(wei)外(wai)戚(qi)。(31)禽:同(tong)“擒(qin)”。(32)绝祀:断绝祭(ji)(ji)祀,指(zhi)国(guo)家(jia)灭亡。(33)吴(wu)越(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)众:吴(wu)楚七国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan)中(zhong)东越(yue)(yue)曾(ceng)追随吴(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)反叛,故(gu)吴(wu)越(yue)(yue)并称。事详(xiang)卷(juan)(juan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)《东越(yue)(yue)列传》。(34)微子:《汉书·伍被(bei)传》作“箕(ji)子”。据卷(juan)(juan)三十(shi)(shi)八(ba)《宋微子世家(jia)》,《麦秀之(zhi)(zhi)诗》的(de)作者是箕(ji)子而(er)非微子。(35)麦秀之(zhi)(zhi)歌:即《麦秀之(zhi)(zhi)诗》。殷(yin)亡后,箕(ji)子朝周(zhou),过(guo)殷(yin)故(gu)都(dou),眼见昔日繁华2 为(wei)废墟,十(shi)(shi)分感(gan)伤,遂(sui)作诗而(er)歌。歌词见卷(juan)(juan)三十(shi)(shi)八(ba)《宋微子世家(jia)》。(36)王(wang)(wang)(wang)子比干冒死权谏荒淫无(wu)道的(de)殷(yin)纣(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang),纣(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)不听,杀死了他(ta)。事见卷(juan)(juan)三《殷(yin)本纪》。 (37)千乘(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)君:指(zhi)诸侯大国(guo)的(de)国(guo)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。周(zhou)制(zhi),天子出车万乘(cheng),诸侯出车千乘(cheng)。乘(cheng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)车四(si)马为(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)。(38)匡:通“眶”。眼眶。

淮南王日夜(ye)和伍被、左吴等察看地图,部署进军的(de)(de)路线。淮南王说:“皇上没有太(tai)子,一旦过世,官中(zhong)大臣必定征召胶东王,要不就是常山王,诸侯王一齐争夺(duo)皇位(wei),我可以没有准备吗?况且(qie)我是高祖(zu)的(de)(de)亲孙,亲行仁义(yi)之(zhi)道,陛下待我恩(en)厚(hou),我能(neng)忍受他的(de)(de)统治(zhi);陛下万世之(zhi)后,我岂能(neng)事奉(feng)小儿北向称臣呢!”

淮南王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)坐在(zai)(zai)(zai)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)宫,召(zhao)见伍(wu)(wu)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)(qi)议事(shi),招呼他(ta)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“将军(jun)上(shang)(shang)殿。”伍(wu)(wu)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)兴地说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“皇(huang)(huang)上(shang)(shang)刚刚宽恕赦(she)免(mian)了(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),您怎能(neng)(neng)又(you)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)这(zhei)亡(wang)国(guo)之(zhi)话呢!臣(chen)(chen)(chen)听(ting)(ting)(ting)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)伍(wu)(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)胥(xu)劝谏吴(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),吴(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用其言,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)伍(wu)(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)胥(xu)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)‘臣(chen)(chen)(chen)即将看见麋(mí,迷)鹿在(zai)(zai)(zai)姑(gu)苏(su)台(tai)上(shang)(shang)出(chu)入游荡了(le)(le)’。现在(zai)(zai)(zai)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)将看到(dao)(dao)(dao)宫中(zhong)遍生荆(jing)棘,露(lu)水沾湿衣(yi)(yi)裳了(le)(le)。”淮南王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)怒,囚禁(jin)起(qi)(qi)伍(wu)(wu)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父母(mu),关押了(le)(le)三(san)个月。然后(hou)淮南王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)又(you)把伍(wu)(wu)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)召(zhao)来(lai)问道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao):“将军(jun)答(da)(da)应(ying)寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)吗(ma)?”伍(wu)(wu)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)回答(da)(da):“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),我(wo)只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)来(lai)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)筹划(hua)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)听(ting)(ting)(ting)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)听(ting)(ting)(ting)力(li)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)无(wu)声时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)听(ting)(ting)(ting)出(chu)动(dong)静,视力(li)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)未成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形前看出(chu)征兆(zhao),所以(yi)最智慧、最有(you)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)德(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)做事(shi)总是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)万(wan)无(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)失。从(cong)(cong)前周(zhou)文王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)(wei)灭商纣(zhou)(zhou)率(lv)周(zhou)族东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)进,一(yi)(yi)(yi)行动(dong)就功显千(qian)(qian)代(dai)(dai),使(shi)周(zhou)朝继夏(xia)、商之(zhi)后(hou),列入‘三(san)代(dai)(dai)’ ,这(zhei)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所谓顺从(cong)(cong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)意而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)行动(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)结果,因此四海(hai)(hai)之(zhi)内的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)都不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)约(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)同(tong)(tong)地追随(sui)响(xiang)应(ying)他(ta)。这(zhei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)千(qian)(qian)年(nian)前可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)看见的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史实(shi)(shi)。至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)百(bai)(bai)年(nian)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)朝,近(jin)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)楚两国(guo),也(ye)足以(yi)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)明国(guo)家(jia)存亡(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)理(li)。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢逃避伍(wu)(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)胥(xu)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)杀害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厄运,希望(wang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)重蹈吴(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)听(ting)(ting)(ting)忠(zhong)谏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)覆辙(zhe)。过(guo)(guo)去秦(qin)朝弃(qi)绝(jue)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),坑杀儒生,焚烧(shao)《诗》《书(shu)(shu)》,抛(pao)弃(qi)礼(li)义,崇尚伪诈和(he)(he)(he)暴力(li),凭借刑罚,强迫百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)把海(hai)(hai)滨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)谷子(zi)(zi)(zi)运送到(dao)(dao)(dao)西河(he)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)那个时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候,男子(zi)(zi)(zi)奋力(li)耕作(zuo)却吃不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)饱(bao)糟(zao)糠,女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)织布绩麻却衣(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)蔽体。秦(qin)皇(huang)(huang)派蒙(meng)恬(tian)修筑(zhu)(zhu)长城,东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西绵(mian)延数千(qian)(qian)里(li)(li),长年(nian)戍边(bian)、风餐露(lu)宿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)士(shi)兵常常有(you)数十万(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),死(si)者不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)胜数,僵尸暴野千(qian)(qian)里(li)(li),流血遍及百(bai)(bai)亩,百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)气力(li)耗尽,想造(zao)(zao)(zao)反的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十家(jia)有(you)五(wu)。秦(qin)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)又(you)派徐(xu)福(fu)入东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)海(hai)(hai)访求(qiu)神(shen)(shen)仙(xian)和(he)(he)(he)珍奇异(yi)物,徐(xu)福(fu)归来(lai)编造(zao)(zao)(zao)假(jia)话说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):‘臣(chen)(chen)(chen)见到(dao)(dao)(dao)海(hai)(hai)中(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)神(shen)(shen),他(ta)问道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao):“你(ni)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)西土皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)吗(ma)?”臣(chen)(chen)(chen)答(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao):“是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。”“你(ni)来(lai)寻求(qiu)何物?”臣(chen)(chen)(chen)答(da)(da):“希望(wang)求(qiu)得延年(nian)益寿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仙(xian)药(yao)。”海(hai)(hai)神(shen)(shen)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“你(ni)们秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)礼(li)品菲薄(bo),仙(xian)药(yao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)观赏(shang)却不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)拿(na)取。”当即海(hai)(hai)神(shen)(shen)随(sui)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)向东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南行至(zhi)蓬莱山,看到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)用灵芝草筑(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宫殿,有(you)使(shi)者肤色如铜身(shen)形似龙,光辉上(shang)(shang)射(she)映照天(tian)(tian)(tian)宇。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)两拜而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)问,说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“应(ying)该拿(na)什(shen)(shen)么(me)礼(li)物来(lai)奉献?”海(hai)(hai)神(shen)(shen)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“献上(shang)(shang)良(liang)家(jia)男童和(he)(he)(he)女(nv)童以(yi)及百(bai)(bai)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技艺,就可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)得到(dao)(dao)(dao)仙(xian)药(yao)了(le)(le)。”’皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)喜,遣(qian)发(fa)童男童女(nv)三(san)千(qian)(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),并(bing)供给海(hai)(hai)神(shen)(shen)五(wu)谷种籽和(he)(he)(he)各种工(gong)匠前往(wang)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)海(hai)(hai)。途(tu)中(zhong)徐(xu)福(fu)觅得一(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)辽阔(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原野和(he)(he)(he)湖泽(ze),便(bian)留(liu)居(ju)那里(li)(li)自(zi)立为(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再回朝。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)悲痛思念亲人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),想造(zao)(zao)(zao)反的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十家(jia)有(you)六。秦(qin)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)又(you)派南海(hai)(hai)郡尉赵(zhao)佗(tuó,驮)越过(guo)(guo)五(wu)岭攻打百(bai)(bai)越。赵(zhao)佗知道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)中(zhong)原疲敝已极(ji),就留(liu)居(ju)南越称(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)归,并(bing)派人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)上(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu),要(yao)求(qiu)朝廷(ting)(ting)征集(ji)无(wu)婆(po)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)妇(fu)女(nv)三(san)万(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),来(lai)替士(shi)兵缝补(bu)衣(yi)(yi)裳。秦(qin)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)同(tong)(tong)意给他(ta)一(yi)(yi)(yi)万(wan)五(wu)千(qian)(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)心离散犹如土崩瓦解,想造(zao)(zao)(zao)反的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十家(jia)有(you)七。宾(bin)客对高(gao)(gao)(gao)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):‘时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)机到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)。’高(gao)(gao)(gao)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):‘等等看,当有(you)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)起(qi)(qi)事(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南方(fang)。’不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian),陈胜吴(wu)(wu)(wu)广(guang)揭竿造(zao)(zao)(zao)反了(le)(le)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)自(zi)丰邑沛县起(qi)(qi)事(shi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)发(fa)倡议全天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)约(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)响(xiang)应(ying)者便(bian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)胜数。这(zhei)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所谓踏到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)缝隙窥伺到(dao)(dao)(dao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)机,借秦(qin)朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危亡(wang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)举事(shi)。百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)期(qi)望(wang)他(ta),犹如干旱(han)盼雨水,所以(yi)他(ta)能(neng)(neng)起(qi)(qi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)军(jun)伍(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)拥立为(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi),功业高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)夏(xia)禹、商汤和(he)(he)(he)周(zhou)文王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),恩德(de)流被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)后(hou)世无(wu)穷无(wu)尽。如今(jin)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)看到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)高(gao)(gao)(gao)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)得天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容易,却偏偏看不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)(dao)(dao)近(jin)代(dai)(dai)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)楚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)覆亡(wang)么(me)?那吴(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)赐号为(wei)(wei)刘(liu)氏祭酒,颇受(shou)尊(zun)宠(chong),又(you)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)恩准不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)依例入京朝见,他(ta)掌(zhang)管(guan)着四郡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)众(zhong),地域(yu)广(guang)至(zhi)方(fang)圆数千(qian)(qian)里(li)(li),在(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)内可(ke)(ke)(ke)自(zi)行冶(ye)铜铸造(zao)(zao)(zao)钱币(bi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)烧(shao)煮(zhu)海(hai)(hai)水贩卖食盐(yan),溯江(jiang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)上(shang)(shang)能(neng)(neng)采(cai)江(jiang)陵木(mu)材建造(zao)(zao)(zao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)船(chuan),一(yi)(yi)(yi)船(chuan)所载(zai)抵(di)得上(shang)(shang)中(zhong)原数十辆车的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容量(liang),国(guo)家(jia)殷富百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)众(zhong)多(duo)。吴(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)拿(na)珠玉金(jin)帛贿赂(lu)诸侯王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、宗室贵(gui)(gui)族和(he)(he)(he)朝中(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen),唯独(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)给皇(huang)(huang)戚(qi)窦氏。反叛之(zhi)计谋(mou)划(hua)已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),吴(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)便(bian)发(fa)兵西进。但(dan)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)军(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)梁被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)攻克,在(zai)(zai)(zai)狐父被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)击败,吴(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)逃奔东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)归,行至(zhi)丹徒(tu),让(rang)越人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)俘获,身(shen)死(si)绝(jue)国(guo),令天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)耻笑。为(wei)(wei)什(shen)(shen)么(me)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)楚有(you)那样(yang)众(zhong)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)军(jun)队都不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就功业?实(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)违背了(le)(le)天(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)识时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)势的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缘(yuan)故。如今(jin)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)兵力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及吴(wu)(wu)(wu)楚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十分之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)安宁却比秦(qin)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)好(hao)万(wan)倍(bei),希望(wang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)听(ting)(ting)(ting)从(cong)(cong)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意见。若(ruo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)听(ting)(ting)(ting)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劝告,势必(bi)眼见大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)言语却已先(xian)自(zi)泄露(lu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)机。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)听(ting)(ting)(ting)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)箕子(zi)(zi)(zi)路过(guo)(guo)殷朝故都时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心中(zhong)很(hen)悲伤(shang),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)“麦秀之(zhi)歌(ge)”,这(zhei)首歌(ge)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)哀痛纣(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)听(ting)(ting)(ting)从(cong)(cong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)比干的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劝谏而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)亡(wang)国(guo)。所以(yi)《孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)‘纣(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)贵(gui)(gui)为(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi),死(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)竟不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及平(ping)民(min) ’。这(zhei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因为(wei)(wei)纣(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)生前早(zao)已自(zi)绝(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)死(si)到(dao)(dao)(dao)临头天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才背弃(qi)他(ta)。现在(zai)(zai)(zai)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)暗自(zi)悲哀大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)若(ruo)抛(pao)弃(qi)了(le)(le)诸侯国(guo)君的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尊(zun)贵(gui)(gui),朝廷(ting)(ting)必(bi)将赐给绝(jue)命之(zhi)书(shu)(shu),令大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)身(shen)先(xian)群臣(chen)(chen)(chen),死(si)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)宫。”于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),伍(wu)(wu)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)怨哀之(zhi)气郁(yu)结胸中(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)神(shen)(shen)色黯然,泪水盈眶(kuang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)满面流淌,即刻(ke)站起(qi)(qi)身(shen),一(yi)(yi)(yi)级(ji)级(ji)走(zou)下(xia)(xia)(xia)台(tai)阶离去了(le)(le)。

 

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