编(bian)者按(an)：人教版语文第(di)一册的一篇(pian)很(hen)重要的文言文。篇(pian)幅长(zhang)，而且知识点(dian)(dian)很(hen)多。建议(yi)翻译时精选知识点(dian)(dian)落(luo)实。
沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)军霸上(shang)，未(wei)得与项(xiang)羽(yu)(yu)相见。沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)左司马曹无伤使(shi)人言(yan)于项(xiang)羽(yu)(yu)曰(yue)：“沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)欲王(wang)关中，使(shi)子(zi)婴为(wei)相，珍宝尽(jin)有(you)之。”项(xiang)羽(yu)(yu)大怒(nu)曰(yue)：“旦日飨士卒，为(wei)击破(po)沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)军! ”当是(shi)时(shi)，项(xiang)羽(yu)(yu)兵四(si)十(shi)万，在新(xin)丰鸿门(men)；沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)兵十(shi)万，在霸上(shang)。范(fan)增说(shuo)项(xiang)羽(yu)(yu)曰(yue)：“沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)居山东(dong)时(shi)，贪于财(cai)货(huo)，好美姬。今入关，财(cai)物无所取，妇(fu)女无所幸，此(ci)其志不在小。吾令(ling)人望其气(qi)，皆为(wei)龙虎(hu)。成五采，此(ci)天子(zi)气(qi)也(ye)。急击勿失(shi)! ”
楚左尹项(xiang)(xiang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)，项(xiang)(xiang)羽季父(fu)也(ye)(ye)，素善(shan)留侯(hou)张(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)。张(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)是时(shi)从沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，项(xiang)(xiang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)乃夜驰之(zhi)(zhi)沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)军，私见(jian)张(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)，具(ju)告以(yi)事，欲呼(hu)张(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)与(yu)俱去，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“毋(wu)从俱死也(ye)(ye)。”张(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“臣(chen)为韩王(wang)(wang)(wang)送沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)今(jin)(jin)(jin)事有急，亡去不(bu)(bu)(bu)义，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)语。”良(liang)(liang)(liang)乃入，具(ju)告沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)惊，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“为之(zhi)(zhi)奈(nai)何?”张(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“谁为大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)为此(ci)计者(zhe)(zhe)?”曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“鲰生说我曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘距关，毋(wu)内诸侯(hou)，秦(qin)地可(ke)尽(jin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)。’故听之(zhi)(zhi)。”良(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“料大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)士卒(zu)足以(yi)当(dang)项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)乎？”沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)默然(ran)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“固不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)也(ye)(ye)。且为之(zhi)(zhi)奈(nai)何？”张(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“请往谓项(xiang)(xiang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)，言沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)背(bei)项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)。”沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“君安(an)与(yu)项(xiang)(xiang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)有故？”张(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“秦(qin)时(shi)与(yu)臣(chen)游(you)，项(xiang)(xiang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)杀人(ren)，臣(chen)活之(zhi)(zhi)；今(jin)(jin)(jin)事有急，故幸(xing)来告良(liang)(liang)(liang)。”沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“孰与(yu)君少长？”良(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“长于(yu)臣(chen)。”沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“君为我呼(hu)入，吾得兄事之(zhi)(zhi)。”张(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)出，要项(xiang)(xiang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)。项(xiang)(xiang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)即入见(jian)沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)奉卮酒(jiu)为寿，约为婚姻，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“吾入关，秋毫不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)有所近，籍吏民，封府库，而(er)待(dai)将军。所以(yi)遣将守关者(zhe)(zhe)，备他盗(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)出入与(yu)非(fei)常也(ye)(ye)。日夜望将军至，岂敢(gan)反乎！愿伯(bo)(bo)(bo)具(ju)言臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)倍(bei)德也(ye)(ye)。”项(xiang)(xiang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)许诺，谓沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“旦(dan)日不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)蚤自来谢项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。”沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“诺。”于(yu)是项(xiang)(xiang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)复夜去，至军中，具(ju)以(yi)沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)言报项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，因言曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)先(xian)破关中，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)岂敢(gan)入乎？今(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)有大(da)(da)功而(er)击之(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)义也(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)因善(shan)遇之(zhi)(zhi)。”项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)许诺。
沛公(gong)旦(dan)日从百(bai)余骑来见(jian)项(xiang)(xiang)王，至鸿门，谢曰(yue)：“臣(chen)与(yu)(yu)将军(jun)(jun)戮(lu)力而攻秦，将军(jun)(jun)战河(he)北(bei)，臣(chen)战河(he)南(nan)，然(ran)不(bu)(bu)自意能先(xian)入关破秦，得(de)复见(jian)将军(jun)(jun)于(yu)此(ci)。今(jin)者(zhe)有小人之(zhi)言，令将军(jun)(jun)与(yu)(yu)臣(chen)有郤……”项(xiang)(xiang)王曰(yue)：“此(ci)沛公(gong)左司马曹无伤言之(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)然(ran)，籍(ji)何以(yi)至此(ci)？”项(xiang)(xiang)王即日因留沛公(gong)与(yu)(yu)饮。项(xiang)(xiang)王、项(xiang)(xiang)伯(bo)东(dong)向坐；亚父(fu)南(nan)向坐，棗亚父(fu)者(zhe)，范增(zeng)也；沛公(gong)北(bei)向坐；张良(liang)西(xi)向侍。范增(zeng)数目项(xiang)(xiang)王，举所(suo)佩玉玦以(yi)示之(zhi)者(zhe)三，项(xiang)(xiang)王默然(ran)不(bu)(bu)应。范增(zeng)起，出(chu)召项(xiang)(xiang)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)，谓(wei)曰(yue)：“君王为(wei)人不(bu)(bu)忍。若入前为(wei)寿(shou)，寿(shou)毕，请(qing)以(yi)剑(jian)(jian)舞(wu)(wu)，因击(ji)沛公(gong)于(yu)坐，杀之(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)者(zhe)，若属皆且(qie)为(wei)所(suo)虏！”庄(zhuang)(zhuang)则入为(wei)寿(shou)。寿(shou)毕，曰(yue)：“君王与(yu)(yu)沛公(gong)饮，军(jun)(jun)中无以(yi)为(wei)乐，请(qing)以(yi)剑(jian)(jian)舞(wu)(wu)。”项(xiang)(xiang)王曰(yue)：“诺。”项(xiang)(xiang)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)拔(ba)剑(jian)(jian)起舞(wu)(wu)。项(xiang)(xiang)伯(bo)亦(yi)拔(ba)剑(jian)(jian)起舞(wu)(wu)，常以(yi)身翼(yi)蔽(bi)沛公(gong)，庄(zhuang)(zhuang)不(bu)(bu)得(de)击(ji)。
于是(shi)张(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)军(jun)门见樊(fan)哙(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)。樊(fan)哙(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)曰(yue)(yue)：“今日之(zhi)(zhi)事何(he)(he)如(ru)？”良(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)：“甚(shen)急！今者(zhe)项(xiang)(xiang)庄拔(ba)剑(jian)舞，其(qi)(qi)(qi)意常(chang)在(zai)(zai)沛(pei)(pei)(pei)公也(ye)(ye)。”哙(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)曰(yue)(yue)：“此(ci)(ci)迫矣！臣(chen)请入(ru)，与(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)同命。”哙(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)即带剑(jian)拥(yong)盾(dun)入(ru)军(jun)门。交(jiao)戟之(zhi)(zhi)卫士(shi)(shi)欲(yu)止不(bu)(bu)(bu)内。樊(fan)哙(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)侧其(qi)(qi)(qi)盾(dun)以(yi)撞(zhuang)，卫士(shi)(shi)仆(pu)地(di)(di)，哙(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遂入(ru)，披帷西向(xiang)立(li)(li)，瞋(chen)目(mu)视项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，头发上(shang)指，目(mu)眦尽裂。项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)按剑(jian)而(er)跽曰(yue)(yue)：“客(ke)何(he)(he)为(wei)者(zhe)？”张(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)：“沛(pei)(pei)(pei)公之(zhi)(zhi)参乘樊(fan)哙(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。”项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)：“壮(zhuang)士(shi)(shi)！棗赐(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)卮酒。”则(ze)与(yu)(yu)斗卮酒。哙(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)拜谢，起，立(li)(li)而(er)饮(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)。项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)：“赐(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)彘肩(jian)(jian)。”则(ze)与(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)生彘肩(jian)(jian)。樊(fan)哙(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)覆其(qi)(qi)(qi)盾(dun)于地(di)(di)，加彘肩(jian)(jian)上(shang)，拔(ba)剑(jian)切而(er)啖之(zhi)(zhi)。项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)：“壮(zhuang)士(shi)(shi)！能(neng)复饮(yin)(yin)乎？”樊(fan)哙(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)曰(yue)(yue)：“臣(chen)死(si)且不(bu)(bu)(bu)避，卮酒安(an)足(zu)辞(ci)(ci)！夫秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)有(you)(you)虎狼之(zhi)(zhi)心，杀(sha)人(ren)如(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)举，刑(xing)人(ren)如(ru)恐(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)胜(sheng)，天(tian)(tian)下(xia)皆叛之(zhi)(zhi)。怀王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)与(yu)(yu)诸将(jiang)约曰(yue)(yue)：‘先破(po)秦(qin)入(ru)咸(xian)阳者(zhe)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)。’今沛(pei)(pei)(pei)公先破(po)秦(qin)入(ru)咸(xian)阳，毫毛不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)有(you)(you)所近，封闭宫室，还军(jun)霸上(shang)，以(yi)待大王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)来(lai)，故遣将(jiang)守关者(zhe)，备他(ta)盗出(chu)(chu)入(ru)与(yu)(yu)非(fei)常(chang)也(ye)(ye)。劳苦而(er)功(gong)高如(ru)此(ci)(ci)，未(wei)有(you)(you)封侯之(zhi)(zhi)赏，而(er)听细说，欲(yu)诛有(you)(you)功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)，此(ci)(ci)亡(wang)秦(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)续(xu)耳(er)。窃(qie)为(wei)大王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)取也(ye)(ye)！”项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)未(wei)有(you)(you)以(yi)应，曰(yue)(yue)：“坐(zuo)。”樊(fan)哙(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)从良(liang)(liang)(liang)坐(zuo)。坐(zuo)须臾，沛(pei)(pei)(pei)公起如(ru)厕(ce)，因招樊(fan)哙(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)出(chu)(chu)。 沛(pei)(pei)(pei)公已(yi)出(chu)(chu)，项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)使都尉陈平召沛(pei)(pei)(pei)公。沛(pei)(pei)(pei)公曰(yue)(yue)：“出(chu)(chu)，未(wei)辞(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)，为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)奈何(he)(he)？”樊(fan)哙(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)曰(yue)(yue)：“大行不(bu)(bu)(bu)顾细谨(jin)，大礼(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)辞(ci)(ci)小(xiao)让。如(ru)今人(ren)方为(wei)刀俎，我(wo)为(wei)鱼肉，何(he)(he)辞(ci)(ci)为(wei)？”于是(shi)遂去。乃令张(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)留谢。良(liang)(liang)(liang)问曰(yue)(yue)：“大王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)来(lai)何(he)(he)操(cao)？”曰(yue)(yue)：“我(wo)持白璧一(yi)(yi)双(shuang)，欲(yu)献(xian)项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。玉斗一(yi)(yi)双(shuang)，欲(yu)与(yu)(yu)亚父。会其(qi)(qi)(qi)怒，不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)献(xian)。公为(wei)我(wo)献(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)。”张(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)：“谨(jin)诺。”当是(shi)时，项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)军(jun)在(zai)(zai)鸿门下(xia)，沛(pei)(pei)(pei)公军(jun)在(zai)(zai)霸上(shang)，相去四十里(li)。沛(pei)(pei)(pei)公则(ze)置(zhi)车骑，脱身(shen)独(du)骑，与(yu)(yu)樊(fan)哙(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)、夏侯婴、靳强、纪信等四人(ren)持剑(jian)盾(dun)步走，从郦山下(xia)，道芷阳间行。沛(pei)(pei)(pei)公谓(wei)张(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)：“从此(ci)(ci)道至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吾(wu)(wu)军(jun)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)过二(er)十里(li)耳(er)。度我(wo)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)军(jun)中，公乃入(ru)。” 沛(pei)(pei)(pei)公已(yi)去，间至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)军(jun)中。张(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)入(ru)谢，曰(yue)(yue)：“沛(pei)(pei)(pei)公不(bu)(bu)(bu)胜(sheng)桮(bei)杓(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)辞(ci)(ci)。谨(jin)使臣(chen)良(liang)(liang)(liang)奉白璧一(yi)(yi)双(shuang)，再(zai)拜献(xian)大王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)足(zu)下(xia)，玉斗一(yi)(yi)双(shuang)，再(zai)拜奉大将(jiang)军(jun)足(zu)下(xia)。”项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)：“沛(pei)(pei)(pei)公安(an)在(zai)(zai)？”良(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)：“闻大王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)有(you)(you)意督过之(zhi)(zhi)，脱身(shen)独(du)去，已(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)军(jun)矣。”项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)则(ze)受壁，置(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)坐(zuo)上(shang)。亚父受玉斗，置(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)，拔(ba)剑(jian)撞(zhuang)而(er)破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)，曰(yue)(yue)：“唉！竖(shu)子不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)与(yu)(yu)谋(mou)！夺项(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)者(zhe)必沛(pei)(pei)(pei)公也(ye)(ye)。吾(wu)(wu)属今为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)虏矣！”
沛公至军，立诛杀曹无伤。
