【原文】
弈喻
予观弈于友人所。一客数败,嗤其失算,辄欲易置之,以为不逮己也。顷之,客请与予对局,予颇易之。甫下数子,客(ke)已得先手。局将(jiang)半,予(yu)思(si)益苦,而客(ke)之(zhi)智尚有(you)余。竟(jing)局数之(zhi),客(ke)胜予(yu)十三子。予(yu)郝甚,不(bu)能(neng)出(chu)一言。后有(you)招予(yu)观弈者,终日默坐而已。
今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学者读古人(ren)书,多訾(zi)古人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);与今人(ren)居,亦乐称人(ren)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。人(ren)固不(bu)能(neng)无(wu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),然试易(yi)地以处,平(ping)心而(er)度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吾(wu)(wu)果无(wu)一失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乎?吾(wu)(wu)能(neng)知(zhi)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)不(bu)能(neng)见吾(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),吾(wu)(wu)能(neng)指人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)不(bu)能(neng)见吾(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),吾(wu)(wu)求(qiu)吾(wu)(wu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)且(qie)不(bu)暇,何暇论人(ren)哉!
【翻译】
我(wo)(wo)(wo)在朋友家(jia)里看(kan)下棋(qi)(qi)。一(yi)位客(ke)(ke)(ke)人(ren)(ren)屡次输掉,我(wo)(wo)(wo)讥(ji)笑(xiao)他(ta)计(ji)算失误,总是想代替他(ta)下棋(qi)(qi),认为他(ta)不及(ji)自(zi)己(ji)。过一(yi)会(hui)儿,客(ke)(ke)(ke)人(ren)(ren)请求(qiu)和我(wo)(wo)(wo)下棋(qi)(qi),我(wo)(wo)(wo)颇为轻视他(ta)。刚(gang)刚(gang)下了几个棋(qi)(qi)子,客(ke)(ke)(ke)人(ren)(ren)已经取得主动形势(shi)。棋(qi)(qi)局快到中盘(pan)的时候,我(wo)(wo)(wo)思考得更(geng)加艰苦,而客(ke)(ke)(ke)人(ren)(ren)却轻松(song)有余。终局计(ji)算双方棋(qi)(qi)子,客(ke)(ke)(ke)人(ren)(ren)赢我(wo)(wo)(wo)十三(san)子。我(wo)(wo)(wo)很(hen)惭愧(kui),不能够说出(chu)一(yi)句(ju)话。以后(hou)有人(ren)(ren)邀(yao)请我(wo)(wo)(wo)观(guan)看(kan)下棋(qi)(qi),我(wo)(wo)(wo)只默默地(di)坐着看(kan)。
现(xian)在(zai)的读书(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)读古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的书(shu),常常诋毁古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的错(cuo)误(wu);和现(xian)在(zai)的人(ren)(ren)(ren)相处,也喜欢说(shuo)别(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的错(cuo)误(wu)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)本来就不能够没(mei)有(you)(you)错(cuo)误(wu),但是试试彼此(ci)交换位置来相处,客观地衡量一下(xia),自(zi)(zi)己(ji)真的没(mei)有(you)(you)一点失(shi)误(wu)吗(ma)?自(zi)(zi)己(ji)能够指出(chu)别(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的小(xiao)失(shi)误(wu)但是不能看到(dao)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的大失(shi)误(wu),自(zi)(zi)己(ji)检查自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的失(shi)误(wu)尚且没(mei)有(you)(you)闲(xian)暇,哪里有(you)(you)时间议论别(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)呢!
【练习】
1. 解释文中画(hua)线的词。
(1)予思益苦 ( )
(2)然试易地以处 ( )
2. 用(yong)现代汉语解释文中的画线(xian)句(ju)。
客(ke)请与(yu)予对局,予颇易(yi)之
3. 概括这两个段落的大意。第一段: ;第二段:
4、本文表达了(le)作者怎样的观点(dian)?
【弈喻参考答案】
1、(1)愁苦(2)换
2、客人请求和我下棋,我颇……查看完整答案