乌有先生历险记(原文注释练习译文)
【精较无错(cuo)打印背诵(song)版】
说明:
《乌有先生历(li)险(xian)记》是张孝纯先生为高考复习撰写(xie)的(de)。这篇(pian)两千(qian)来字(zi)的(de)文(wen)(wen)言(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen),不仅是一篇(pian)生动引人(ren)的(de)故(gu)事,而且是一套富有创造(zao)性(xing)的(de)文(wen)(wen)言(yan)(yan)知识的(de)复习和练习题。它囊括了(le)当时的(de)中(zhong)学课(ke)本中(zhong)几乎全部的(de)文(wen)(wen)言(yan)(yan)词法、句法知识,读者(zhe)如果仔细阅读文(wen)(wen)章,再(zai)做做文(wen)(wen)后的(de)练习,对(dui)复习、掌握(wo)中(zhong)学的(de)文(wen)(wen)言(yan)(yan)知识,会(hui)有很大帮助。》》》》》》本文(wen)(wen)档经过细致整理、设(she)计、查错,便于打印背诵。
《乌有先生历险记》
张孝纯
1乌(wu)有(you)先生者,中山布衣也(ye)(ye)。年且七(qi)(qi)十,艺桑麻五谷以为(wei)生,不欲(yu)与俗人(ren)齿,毁誉不存乎心,人(ren)以达士目之。海(hai)阳亡(wang)是公(gong)(gong),高士也(ye)(ye),年七(qi)(qi)十有(you)三矣,惟读书(shu)是务(wu)。朝(chao)廷(ting)数授以官,不拜(bai),曰:“边(bian)鄙野人(ren),不足充小吏。”公(gong)(gong)素(su)善先生,而相违期年未(wei)之见已,因亲赴中山访焉。
2二(er)叟相见大说。先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue):“公自(zi)遐方来(lai),仆(pu)无(wu)以为敬,然(ran)(ran)敝庐颇畜薄(bo)(bo)酿(niang),每朔望辄自(zi)酌,今者(zhe)(zhe)故人(ren)来(lai),盖共(gong)饮(yin)诸?”于是相与酣饮(yin),夜阑而兴未尽也(ye)。翼日,先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)复要公饮(yin),把酒论古今治乱事(shi),意(yi)快(kuai)甚(shen),不觉以酩(ming)酊醉矣(yi)。薄(bo)(bo)莫,先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)酒解,而公犹(you)僵卧(wo),气息然(ran)(ran),呼之不醒,大惊(jing),延(yan)邻医脉之。医曰(yue):“殆矣(yi)!微司(si)命,孰(shu)能生(sheng)(sheng)之?愚(yu)无(wu)所(suo)用(yong)其技矣(yi)。”先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)靡计不施,迄无(wu)效,益恐,与老(lao)(lao)妻计曰(yue):“故人(ren)过我(wo)而死焉,无(wu)乃(nai)不可乎!雅闻百里外山中有子虚长者(zhe)(zhe),世操(cao)医术,人(ren)咸(xian)以今之仓、鹊称之。诚能速(su)之来(lai),则庶(shu)几白骨可肉(rou)矣(yi)。惟路险,家无(wu)可遣者(zhe)(zhe),奈之何!”老(lao)(lao)妻曰(yue):“虽然(ran)(ran),终当(dang)有以活(huo)之。妾谓(wei)坐视故人(ren)死,是倍(bei)义尔,窍为君不取(qu)也(ye)。夫败义以负友,君子之所(suo)耻。孰(shu)若冒死以救(jiu)之?”先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)然(ran)(ran)之,曰(yue):“卿言甚(shen)副吾(wu)意(yi),苟能活(huo)之,何爱此(ci)身?脱有祸,固当(dang)不辞也(ye)。”遂属老(lao)(lao)妻护公,而躬自(zi)策驴夜驰之山中。
3时六月晦(hui),手(shou)信而(er)指(zhi)弗见,窥步(bu)难行,至中夜,道未及(ji)半。未几,密云蔽空,雷(lei)电(dian)交(jiao)加。先生(sheng)欲(yu)投村落辟焉(yan),叩(kou)门而(er)人皆弗之(zhi)(zhi)内,方踌(chou)躇间,雨暴至。徒忆及(ji)曩昔(xi)尝过此,村外有(you)一(yi)兰若,遂借(jie)电(dian)光(guang)觅得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)。入(ru)(ru)其(qi)门,登其(qi)陛,见殿(dian)靡虚掩(yan),有(you)小隙(xi),将入(ru)(ru)。倏(shu)然(ran)迅雷(lei)大作,电(dian)光(guang)烨(ye)烨(ye),洞烛殿(dian)堂,则(ze)(ze)见一(yi)缢妇县梁柱间,被发(fa)诎颈,状甚惨。先生(sheng)卒惊,还走(zou)宇下,心(xin)犹(you)悸(ji)焉(yan)。俄见寺(si)(si)门大辟,一(yi)女鬼跃掷而(er)入(ru)(ru),惊雷(lei)破(po)壁,电(dian)闪不绝。先生(sheng)自念:得(de)无缢妇为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)与?于(yu)电(dian)光(guang)下孰视之(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)女鬼满(man)面血污(wu),抱一(yi)死婴,且顾且号,若有(you)奇冤而(er)无所者(zhe)。先生(sheng)冯驴伏,屏息不敢少(shao)动。已而(er),驴惊鸣,女鬼觉之(zhi)(zhi),怒目先生(sheng),欲(yu)进复却者(zhe)三(san)。先生(sheng)胆素壮,自思:人言遇鬼则(ze)(ze)死,死亦不过为(wei)鬼耳,何惧为(wei)?遂执策(ce)厉声曰(yue):“女鬼邪,抑人邪?”女鬼凄(qi)然(ran)长啸(xiao),森然(ran)欲(yu)搏之(zhi)(zhi)。先生(sheng)毛发(fa)上指(zhi),急击之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)策(ce),中鬼首(shou),立仆。乃引驴奔寺(si)(si)外,疾驰而(er)去。
4质明(ming)始(shi)霁,罢甚,然(ran)(ran)念(nian)及亡是(shi)公存亡莫(mo)卜,欲蚤至(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong),不敢(gan)息。逾午,始(shi)入山(shan)(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)(shan)口有茅店,询之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),知长者(zhe)(zhe)居(ju)(ju)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阴(yin),而连山(shan)(shan)(shan)纵横,略无阙处,遂(sui)以(yi)驴寄逆旅(lv)主人(ren)家(jia)而徒(tu)焉。山(shan)(shan)(shan)行十(shi)里许,忽(hu)闻丛(cong)林中(zhong)一(yi)声(sheng)呼哨,斯(si)须(xu)而强人(ren)列(lie)陈阻(zu)于(yu)前,为(wei)首者(zhe)(zhe)庞然(ran)(ran)修伟,黑面多须(xu)。从者(zhe)(zhe)无虑数十(shi)骑,而步(bu)卒百余(yu)继其(qi)(qi)(qi)后,皆披甲执兵(bing)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)吼曰(yue)(yue):“大王(wang)在(zai),胡不跪!”先生趋避不及,遂(sui)就禽。为(wei)首者(zhe)(zhe)下(xia)马坐巨石上(shang),两展其(qi)(qi)(qi)足,案剑目(mu),声(sheng)如乳虎,曰(yue)(yue):“汝来前!孤(gu),山(shan)(shan)(shan)主也(ye)(ye)。据山(shan)(shan)(shan)称(cheng)雄,尔来十(shi)余(yu)载矣,官军(jun)不敢(gan)犯孤(gu)境(jing)。尔何(he)物狂夫,擅入吾(wu)(wu)寨,其(qi)(qi)(qi)欲血孤(gu)刀乎!”先生蛇行匍(pu)匐以(yi)进,跽而泣曰(yue)(yue):“请(qing)诉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),愿大王(wang)垂(chui)听。小人(ren)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)布衣(yi)也(ye)(ye),友人(ren)病危,吾(wu)(wu)不忍(ren)坐视(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)死,入山(shan)(shan)(shan)诣子(zi)虚长者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)延友人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命,仓皇不能择(ze)路(lu),是(shi)以(yi)误入大寨,罪当死。身(shen)死固不足惜,特以(yi)不得延医活(huo)友为(wei)恨(hen)耳,惟大王(wang)哀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”言已,涕(ti)如雨(yu)下(xia)。为(wei)首者(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue),“然(ran)(ran)则,君(jun)(jun)义士(shi)也(ye)(ye)。”顾谓(wei)徒(tu)属曰(yue)(yue):“杀义士(shi),不祥莫(mo)大焉。释之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)成(cheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)志,且劝(quan)好(hao)义者(zhe)(zhe)!”又谓(wei)先生曰(yue)(yue):“吾(wu)(wu)等虽(sui)啸聚山(shan)(shan)(shan)林,非(fei)草寇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比,君(jun)(jun)勿惧(ju)。子(zi)虚长者(zhe)(zhe),仁人(ren)也(ye)(ye),居(ju)(ju)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阴(yin),君(jun)(jun)须(xu)跻山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颠而北下(xia),始(shi)得至(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)家(jia)。速诣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)救乃友;然(ran)(ran)长者(zhe)(zhe)每(mei)采药于(yu)千山(shan)(shan)(shan)万壑间,吾(wu)(wu)辈亦(yi)鲜(xian)遇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),虞君(jun)(jun)不得见耳。”先生再拜致谢而后去。
5进(jin),山益(yi)深,失路。先生缘鸟道,披荆棘(ji),援(yuan)藤葛,履流石,涉溪涧;越绝壁,登之弥高,行之弥远,力竭而(er)未克上。忽见虎迹,大如升,少顷闻巨(ju)啸,四山响震,林泉(quan)战栗。声裁止(zhi),而(er)饿虎见于林莽间(jian),眈眈相向(xiang)。先生自(zi)为(wei)必死,叹曰(yue):“不意今乃捐躯此兽之口!”
6方(fang)瞑目俟死,闻虎惨叫(jiao),怪而(er)(er)视(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),盖一(yi)矢已(yi)贯其(qi)(qi)(qi)喉矣。寻见一(yi)长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)挟(xie)弓(gong)立崖(ya)上,衣(yi)(yi)短(duan)褐,著(zhu)草履,不(bu)(bu)(bu)冠不(bu)(bu)(bu)袜,须(xu)眉悉白(bai),颜色(se)如(ru)丹,俨然类仙人。先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)趣(qu)而(er)(er)前,拜谒长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢慢(man)。长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)诘曰(yue)(yue):“若何(he)(he)为者(zhe)(zhe)也?奚(xi)自?何(he)(he)所之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)具白(bai)所以(yi)及所从(cong)来(lai)。长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)笑(xiao)曰(yue)(yue):“子虚者(zhe)(zhe),吾(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氏也。寒舍在迩(er),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)入。”遂引(yin)至其(qi)(qi)(qi)家(jia),杀鸡为黍以(yi)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)请(qing)曰(yue)(yue):“事(shi)迫(po)矣!乞(qi)长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)速往,冀(ji)有(you)万一(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望。不(bu)(bu)(bu)者(zhe)(zhe),时不(bu)(bu)(bu)逮矣。”长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)询曰(yue)(yue):“病者(zhe)(zhe)孰(shu)与(yu)君(jun)少(shao)长(zhang)(zhang)?”曰(yue)(yue):“长(zhang)(zhang)仆(pu)四(si)岁。”又问病状,曰(yue)(yue):“毋庸(yong)忧!旦日,吾(wu)(wu)(wu)当(dang)(dang)与(yu)君(jun)具往。”先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)言路险,恐迟滞时日。长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue):“后(hou)山(shan)(shan)有(you)坦途,抵中(zhong)山(shan)(shan),第半日耳(er)(er)。”侵晨,遂携药囊乘健驴(lv)与(yu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)同行。无何(he)(he),至山(shan)(shan)口,先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)取己驴(lv)与(yu)长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)并(bing)驱而(er)(er)循大道。涂经(jing)(jing)乡(xiang)所入兰若,先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)因述遇鬼(gui)事(shi),指示曰(yue)(yue):“此寺,吾(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所遇鬼(gui)也。予(yu)当(dang)(dang)死之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。”长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)笑(xiao)曰(yue)(yue):“嘻(xi)!先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)亦惑乎!鬼(gui)神者(zhe)(zhe),心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幻(huan)景(jing)耳(er)(er),安能受人祸!足下知者(zhe)(zhe),曷为信此哉(zai)?”逢寺旁(pang)有(you)田父五六人,辍(chuo)耕坐(zuo)陇上。长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)偕先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)就而(er)(er)问焉(yan),并(bing)述向(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所见。田父掩口胡卢(lu)而(er)(er)笑(xiao),曰(yue)(yue):“君(jun)误矣!彼缢妇(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),吾(wu)(wu)(wu)村王(wang)氏妾也,不(bu)(bu)(bu)为恶姑(gu)、嫡妇(fu)所容而(er)(er)自经(jing)(jing)焉(yan)。子所见女鬼(gui)者(zhe)(zhe),吾(wu)(wu)(wu)村李氏妇(fu)也。家(jia)素贫(pin),今岁饥(ji),赋敛(lian)又重,衣(yi)(yi)食不(bu)(bu)(bu)给,夫新丧(sang),其(qi)(qi)(qi)子昨(zuo)又夭矣。妇(fu)抢呼欲绝,悲极而(er)(er)入邪(xie)魔(mo),夜半病作(zuo),发其(qi)(qi)(qi)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坟取尸以(yi)归。自言其(qi)(qi)(qi)首为寺鬼(gui)所伤。君(jun)无问,何(he)(he)由知其(qi)(qi)(qi)乃(nai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)为也?”言已(yi),皆大笑(xiao)。
7及反,亡(wang)是(shi)公(gong)犹未(wei)醒。长(zhang)者诊之,曰(yue):“是(shi)非疾(ji)也,困(kun)于酒耳。酒出中山(shan),一醉千日。若(ruo)习饮(yin)之,故无(wu)异;此翁(weng),他乡客,安能胜此杯(bei)杓(shao)也?”取针刺血数处,又然(ran)艾灸(jiu)之。须(xu)臾,公(gong)觉,谢(xie)曰(yue):“蒙长(zhang)者生(sheng)我,再(zai)造(zao)之功也,恶能报?”长(zhang)者曰(yue):“公(gong)本(ben)无(wu)疾(ji),老朽何功之有?”先生(sheng)以金帛奉长(zhang)者,辞不受,曰(yue):“吾家(jia)世业(ye)医,止济世活(huo)人(ren)耳,何以金帛为?余(yu)岂好货贾哉?”遗(yi)药数剂,不索直而(er)去。亡(wang)是(shi)公(gong)复(fu)留兼旬而(er)后别,惟不敢纵(zong)饮(yin)矣(yi)。
【练习题】
一(yi)、画出下列句子中表示人(ren)称的(de)词语(yu),并在(zai)后(hou)面的(de)括号里(li)作简(jian)明译(yi)释。
1.公自遐方来,仆无(wu)以为敬( ) 2.卿言甚副吾意( )
3.愚无所用其技矣( ) 4.女鬼邪,抑人(ren)邪( )
5.大王在,胡不跪( ) 6.官军不敢犯孤(gu)境( )
7.尔何物狂夫( ) 8.小人(ren)中山(shan)布衣也( )
9.君义(yi)士(shi)也( ) 10.吾辈亦鲜遇之(zhi)( )
11.予当(dang)死之矣(yi)( ) 12.子所见女鬼者( )
13.若习饮之,故无异( ) 14.老朽何(he)功之有( )
15.余岂好货贾哉( )
二(er)、指(zhi)出(chu)下列句子里(li)的通(tong)假字,并在(zai)括(kuo)号里(li)写出(chu)和它相通(tong)的字。
1.海(hai)阳亡是公,高士(shi)也( )2.而(er)相违期(qi)年未之(zhi)见已( )
3.二(er)叟相见大说( )4.然敝庐颇畜(chu)薄(bo)酿(niang)( )
5.今者故人(ren)来(lai),盖共饮诸( )6.翼(yi)日,先生(sheng)复要(yao)公饮( )
7.不觉(jue)以酩酊(ding)醉矣( )8.薄莫,先生酒解(jie)( )
9.妾谓坐视故(gu)人死,是(shi)倍义(yi)尔( )10.遂属老(lao)妻(qi)护公(gong)( )
11.手(shou)信而指弗见,窥步难行(xing)( )12.先生欲投村落辟焉(yan),而人(ren)皆弗之(zhi)内( )
13.则(ze)见一缢妇县梁柱间,被发诎颈(jing)( )14.先生卒惊,还走(zou)宇下( )
15.得无(wu)缢妇(fu)为(wei)之(zhi)与( )16.于电光(guang)下(xia)孰视之(zhi)( )
17.若有奇冤(yuan)而无(wu)所者( )18.先生冯驴(lv)伏( )
19.质明(ming)始霁,罢甚( )20.欲蚤(zao)至山中,不敢(gan)息( )
21.而连山纵横(heng),略无阙处( )22.斯须而强人(ren)列陈阻于(yu)前( )
23.案剑目,声如乳虎( )24.君(jun)须跻山之(zhi)颠而北下(xia)( )
25.声裁(cai)止,而饿虎见于林莽间( )26.先生(sheng)趣而前(qian)( )
27.不(bu)者,时不(bu)逮(dai)矣(yi)( )28.涂(tu)经(jing)乡所入兰若( )
29.鬼神者,心之幻(huan)景耳,安能(neng)受人祸( )30.足下知者,曷为(wei)信此哉(zai)( )
31.辍耕坐陇上( )32.及反,亡是公犹未醒( )
33.又然艾(ai)灸之( )34.不索直而(er)去( )
三、指出下列各(ge)句中的词性活用现象,并作简要解释。
1.不(bu)欲(yu)与俗人齿( )
2.人(ren)以达士目(mu)之( )
3.公素善(shan)先(xian)生( )
4.延邻医(yi)脉之( )
5.微司命,孰能生之( )
6.则庶几(ji)白骨可肉矣( )
7.先生然之(zhi)( )
8.苟能(neng)活之(zhi),何爱此身(shen)( )
9.而躬自策驴(lv)夜驰之山(shan)中( )
10.洞烛殿堂( )
11.其欲血孤刀乎( )
12.履流石,涉溪(xi)涧( )
13.衣短(duan)褐,著草履,不冠不袜(wa)( )
14.先生具白(bai)所以及所从来( )
15.杀鸡(ji)为黍以食之( )
16.予(yu)当死(si)之矣( )
17.吾家世业医(yi)( )
四(si)、用现代汉(han)语译释下列句子里的凝(ning)固结构。
1.虽然,终当有以活(huo)之( )
2.孰若冒死以救(jiu)之( )
3.从者无虑数十骑( )
4.然(ran)则,君义士也(ye)( )
5.病(bing)者孰(shu)与君少长( )
6.先生具白所以(yi)及所从来(lai)( )
五、用(yong)曲(qu)线画出下列(lie)句中的文言特殊句法结构(gou),并(bing)译成现(xian)代汉语。
1.年七(qi)十有三矣(yi),惟(wei)读书是务。
2.而相违期(qi)年未之(zhi)见已。
3.死亦(yi)不过为(wei)鬼耳,何(he)惧为(wei)?
4.先生不亦惑乎?
5.此寺,吾之所遇鬼也。
6.老朽何功之有?
7.何以金帛为?
8.若何为者也(ye)?奚自?
9.得无缢(yi)妇(fu)为之与?
10.无乃不可乎!
11.家无可遣者,奈之何!
12.自言其首为(wei)寺鬼所伤。
13.朝廷数授以(yi)官,不拜。
14.是非疾也,困于酒耳。
六、下(xia)列是古(gu)汉(han)语中(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)表(biao)时间词(ci)语,请注明现代汉(han)语中(zhong)与之相当的(de)词(ci)语。
1.期年( ) 2.朔( ) 3.望( ) 4.晦( )5.今(jin)者( ) 6.中(zhong)夜( ) 7.夜阑( ) 8.翼日(ri)( )9.薄莫( ) 10.未几(ji)( ) 11.曩昔( )12.旋( ) 13.俄( ) 14.已而( ) 15.质明(ming)( )16.逾午( ) 17.斯须( ) 18.尔来(lai)( ) 19.少顷( )20.寻( ) 21.旦日(ri)( ) 22.侵(qin)晨( ) 23.无何(he)( )24.须臾(yu)( ) 25.兼旬( )
七、简释下列各组(zu)句(ju)子里加(jia)点(dian)的(de)词。
1.年且七十 且顾且号(hao) 且劝好义(yi)者
2.朝廷(ting)数(shu)(shu)授以官 者无虑数(shu)(shu)十骑(qi)
3.而相违期年未之见已(yi) 而饿虎见于林莽间(jian),眈眈相向
4.疾驰而去 公(gong)本无疾
5.屏息(xi)不(bu)敢(gan)少动 欲蚤(zao)至山中(zhong),不(bu)敢(gan)息(xi)
6.延(yan)邻医脉(mai)之 以延(yan)友人之命
7.先生自为(wei)必死 若何为(wei)者也 得无缢妇(fu)为(wei)之(zhi)与
8.惟(wei)读书是务(wu) 惟(wei)大王(wang)哀之
9.先生欲投村落辟焉 俄(e)见寺门大辟
10.朝廷数授以官(guan),不拜 拜谒长者,不敢慢
11.不意(yi)今乃(nai)捐(juan)躯此兽之口(kou) 速(su)诣之,以(yi)救乃(nai)友 乃(nai)引驴奔寺外 何(he)由知其乃(nai)先(xian)生为也
12.愚(yu)无(wu)所(suo)用其(qi)(qi)技矣 其(qi)(qi)一吼曰(yue):“大王在(zai),胡不跪!” 释(shi)之,以成其(qi)(qi)志 其(qi)(qi)欲(yu)血(xue)孤刀(dao)乎
13.若习(xi)饮之(zhi),故无异 惟大王哀(ai)之(zhi) 苟能活之(zhi),何(he)爱此(ci)身 何(he)所之(zhi)
八、下列各句中(zhong)加点(dian)的字,有(you)几种(zhong)不同解释(shi),请从中(zhong)选择(ze)最恰当的,填入(ru)后(hou)面的括(kuo)号内。
1.毁(hui)誉不存乎心( ) ①毁(hui)灭(mie)②破坏③烧(shao)毁(hui)④诽谤
2.海阳亡是(shi)公,高士(shi)也( ) ①南面②北面③太阳④日光
3.询之,知长者居山之阴( ) ①南面(mian)②北面(mian)③不见日光的地方④偏僻冷落处
4.边鄙野人(ren),不足充小吏( ) ①卑鄙②粗俗③对(dui)自己的谦称④边远地(di)方
5.脱有祸,固当(dang)不辞也( ) ①倘若②脱离③摆脱④脱逃(tao)
6.拜谒长者,不(bu)敢慢( ) ①缓慢②懈怠③态度(du)冷淡,没有礼貌④慢条(tiao)斯理,不(bu)慌不(bu)忙
7.余岂好货(huo)贾(jia)哉( ) ①货(huo)物(wu)②货(huo)品③钱财④奇货(huo)
8.遗(yi)药(yao)数剂,不索直而去( ) ①遗(yi)留②丢失③赠给④剩下(xia)
9.释之,以成其志,且劝好义(yi)者( ) ①规劝②劝解③劝导④勉励
九、用现代汉(han)语翻译(yi)本文第四自然段中由“山(shan)行(xing)十(shi)里许”至“且劝好义者”一(yi)段文字。
【参考答案】
一(yi)、1?公,您(nin),敬(jing)(jing)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);仆,谦(qian)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),我。2?卿,爱(ai)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),你(ni)。吾,我。3?愚,谦(qian)词,我。4?女,通汝,你(ni)。5?大(da)王(wang)(wang),敬(jing)(jing)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),古(gu)时称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)诸侯,后(hou)来也称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)占山为王(wang)(wang)的(de)首领。6?孤,古(gu)代君王(wang)(wang)专用的(de)谦(qian)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),这(zhei)里是山大(da)王(wang)(wang)的(de)自称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。7?尔,你(ni)。8?小(xiao)人(ren)(ren),谦(qian)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),我,多用于平民对(dui)官吏、下属对(dui)上司的(de)自称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。9?君,您(nin),敬(jing)(jing)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。10?吾辈,我等,我们。之,他(ta),指子(zi)虚长者(zhe)。11?予,我。12?子(zi),您(nin),对(dui)男子(zi)的(de)敬(jing)(jing)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。13?若,你(ni)。14?老朽,老人(ren)(ren)自己的(de)谦(qian)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。15?余,我。
二、1?亡,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)无(wu)。2?已,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)矣(yi)。3?说,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)悦(yue)。4?畜,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)蓄。5?盖,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盍(he)。6?翼,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)翌;要,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)邀。7?以,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)已。8?莫,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)暮。9?倍(bei),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)背;尔,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)耳(er)。10?属,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)嘱。11?信(xin),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)伸;窥,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)跬。12?辟,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)避;内(nei),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)纳。13?县,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)悬(xuan);被(bei),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)披;诎(qu),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)屈。14?卒,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)猝;还(hai),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)旋。15?与,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)欤。16?孰,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)熟。17?,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)诉。18?冯,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),现作凭(ping)。19?罢,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)疲。20?蚤,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)早。21?阙,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)缺。22?陈(chen),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)阵。23?案,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)按。24?颠(dian),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)巅。25?裁,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)才(cai);见,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)现。26?趣,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)趋。27?不,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)否(fou)。28?涂,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)途(tu);乡,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)向。29?景,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)影;受,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)授(shou)。30?知,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)智(zhi)。31?陇,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)垄。32?反,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)返。33?然(ran),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)燃(ran)。34?直,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)值。
三、1?齿,名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),并列。2?目,名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),看(kan)待。3?善,形(xing)容(rong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),交(jiao)好(hao),与(yu)交(jiao)好(hao)。4?脉,名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),诊脉,摸(mo)脉。5?生(sheng),不(bu)及物动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)使动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),使……生(sheng),救活(huo)。6?肉,名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),长上肉。7?然,形(xing)容(rong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)意动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),认为对。8?活(huo),不(bu)及物动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)使动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。9?策,名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),鞭打。10?烛,名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),照。11?血,名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),血染。12?履(lv),名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),踩。13?衣(yi)、冠(guan)、袜(wa),均为名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),衣(yi),穿;冠(guan),戴帽子;袜(wa),穿袜(wa)子。14?白,形(xing)容(rong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),禀告,陈说(shuo)。15?食,读sì,供给(ji)……吃,使……吃。16?死(si),为动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)用法,为(之(zhi)而)死(si)。17?世(shi),名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)作(zuo)状语(yu);业,名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。
四、1?虽然(ran):即(ji)使(shi)这(zhei)样,尽(jin)管如此。2?孰若(ruo):哪里比得上(shang)(shang),哪如。3?无虑(lv):二(er)字连用(yong)表(biao)示估计、约略,意思是“大约”、“大概”。4?然(ran)则:“既然(ran)这(zhei)样,那(nei)么……”,表(biao)承上(shang)(shang)启下的意思。5?孰与(yu)(yu):等于(yu)“与(yu)(yu)……比,哪一个(ge)更(geng)……”。6?所以(yi):这(zhei)里表(biao)示“(导(dao)致)……的原因”。
五、1?七(qi)十有(you)(you)(you)三:文言(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整数(shu)和零数(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)间常加“有(you)(you)(you)”字(zi)(zi),“有(you)(you)(you)”通“又(you)”。惟(wei)读书(shu)是(shi)(shi)务:就是(shi)(shi)只(zhi)务读书(shu)。这是(shi)(shi)“惟(wei)……是(shi)(shi)”式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宾(bin)语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)置,这种形(xing)式(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)仅(jin)强调了(le)(le)宾(bin)语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),而且表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)单一(yi)(yi)性(xing)、排他性(xing)。2?未之(zhi)(zhi)见(jian):是(shi)(shi)“未见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倒(dao)装。有(you)(you)(you)“未”“不(bu)(bu)”“莫(mo)”“弗”等否定词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)否定句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),动(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)宾(bin)语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)如(ru)果是(shi)(shi)代词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),这个宾(bin)语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)般放(fang)在(zai)动(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)前(qian)面。3?何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)惧为(wei):“何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)……为(wei)”是(shi)(shi)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)问(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惯(guan)用(yong)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)式(shi)(shi),“为(wei)”在(zai)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)末(mo)(mo)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)问(wen)(或(huo)疑(yi)问(wen)),相当(dang)于(yu)“吗”“呢”,已成(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)气词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。4?不(bu)(bu)亦(yi)惑乎(hu):“不(bu)(bu)亦(yi)……乎(hu)”,文言(yan)惯(guan)用(yong)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)式(shi)(shi),表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)问(wen),但语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)气较(jiao)委婉,相当(dang)于(yu)“不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)……吗?”5?吾之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)遇鬼(gui)也(ye):意即“吾遇鬼(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)也(ye)”。“所(suo)遇鬼(gui)”,名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)“所(suo)字(zi)(zi)结构(gou)”前(qian)面加定语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)“吾”。6?何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you):即“有(you)(you)(you)何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)功(gong)”。“何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)……之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)”是(shi)(shi)“有(you)(you)(you)何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)……”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倒(dao)装,宾(bin)语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)“何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”借助词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“之(zhi)(zhi)”提到动(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“有(you)(you)(you)”之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian),表(biao)(biao)反(fan)(fan)问(wen)。7?“何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)以(yi)……为(wei)”,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)表(biao)(biao)反(fan)(fan)问(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文言(yan)惯(guan)用(yong)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)式(shi)(shi)。“何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)以(yi)”是(shi)(shi)“以(yi)何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倒(dao)装,“为(wei)”是(shi)(shi)语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)气词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。“何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)以(yi)……为(wei)”是(shi)(shi)“要(yao)……干什么呢?”8?“何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)为(wei)”、“奚自”:“何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”、“奚”分别(bie)作介(jie)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“为(wei)”、“自”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宾(bin)语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),前(qian)置,表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)询问(wen)。9?“得(de)无……与”,文言(yan)特殊句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)式(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi),“得(de)无”与句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)末(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疑(yi)问(wen)语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)气词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“与”相呼(hu)应(ying),表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)对(dui)一(yi)(yi)种情况的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推测,可译为(wei)“莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(只(zhi)怕(pa)是(shi)(shi),该不(bu)(bu)会(hui))……吧?”10?无乃不(bu)(bu)可乎(hu):“无乃”与句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)末(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疑(yi)问(wen)语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)气助词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“乎(hu)”相呼(hu)应(ying),表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)种委婉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商榷语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)气,或(huo)对(dui)有(you)(you)(you)关(guan)情况加以(yi)测度。一(yi)(yi)般可译为(wei)“恐怕(pa)……吧”、“不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)……了(le)(le)吗”。11?奈之(zhi)(zhi)何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he):“奈……何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”,是(shi)(shi)“对(dui)……怎么办”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意思。12?为(wei)寺鬼(gui)所(suo)伤:“为(wei)……所(suo)+动(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”,这是(shi)(shi)文言(yan)被动(dong)(dong)(dong)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)种重要(yao)结构(gou)。13?授以(yi)官:用(yong)“以(yi)”组成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介(jie)宾(bin)结构(gou)有(you)(you)(you)时(shi)放(fang)在(zai)谓(wei)语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中心词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)后作补语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。14?困于(yu)酒:在(zai)动(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)后边(bian)用(yong)介(jie)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“于(yu)”引(yin)出主(zhu)动(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe),这是(shi)(shi)古汉语(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)被动(dong)(dong)(dong)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。
六、1?一(yi)(yi)周年。2?阴(yin)历每月初一(yi)(yi)。3?阴(yin)历每月十(shi)五(wu)日(ri)(ri)。4?阴(yin)历每月最后一(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)。5?现在。6?半夜。7?夜将尽。8?明天(tian)(tian),次日(ri)(ri)。9?傍晚(wan)。10?没多久(jiu)(jiu)。11?从前(qian)。12?随(sui)即(ji),不久(jiu)(jiu)。13?一(yi)(yi)小会儿。14?随(sui)后,接(jie)着,不久(jiu)(jiu)。15?天(tian)(tian)亮时(shi)。16?过午。17?一(yi)(yi)会儿。18?从那时(shi)以(yi)来。19?一(yi)(yi)会儿。20?随(sui)即(ji),不久(jiu)(jiu)。21?明日(ri)(ri)。22?凌晨,天(tian)(tian)蒙(meng)蒙(meng)亮。23?没有多久(jiu)(jiu)。24?一(yi)(yi)会儿,片刻。25?二十(shi)天(tian)(tian)。
七、1?将要;一面……,一面……;并且。2?屡次;几,表(biao)(biao)不确定数目。3?互相;表(biao)(biao)偏指一方,有(you)指代(dai)宾语(yu)作用(yong),这(zhei)里(li)指代(dai)乌有(you)先生。4?快,速;小病(bing)。5?呼(hu)吸;停息。6?邀请(qing);延续、延长。7?认为(wei),以为(wei);作:变为(wei)。8?只,仅;句首(shou)(shou)语(yu)助词,表(biao)(biao)希望(wang)。9?躲避;开。10?这(zhei)里(li)是敬受(官职)的(de)(de)(de)意思;行礼。11?竟(jing)然;你的(de)(de)(de);就,于是;,竟(jing)是。12?活用(yong)为(wei)第(di)一人(ren)称(cheng),表(biao)(biao)示“我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)”;其中的(de)(de)(de);他的(de)(de)(de);同“岂”,用(yong)在句首(shou)(shou)强化反问语(yu)气。13?指酒;活用(yong)为(wei)第(di)一人(ren)称(cheng),表(biao)(biao)示“我(wo)”;他;动词,往、到……去(qu)。
八、1?诽谤。2?北面(水之北曰(yue)阳)。3?北面(山之北曰(yue)阴)。4?边远地方。5?倘(tang)若(ruo)。6?态度(du)冷淡,没(mei)有礼貌。7?钱财。8?赠(zeng)给(ji)。9?勉励(li)。九、(答(da)案(an)略(lve))
【注释】《乌(wu)有先生(sheng)历(li)险记》
第一段
乌(wu)有(you)先生(虚(xu)(xu)(xu)拟人(ren)(ren)名(ming),乌(wu)有(you),即“没有(you)”。本(ben)文中(zhong)的(de)(de)“乌(wu)有(you)先生”、“亡是(shi)(shi)公”和(he)“子虚(xu)(xu)(xu)长者(zhe)(zhe)”都是(shi)(shi)虚(xu)(xu)(xu)拟人(ren)(ren)名(ming),取(qu)其虚(xu)(xu)(xu)构之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义)者(zhe)(zhe),中(zhong)山布衣(平(ping)民(min),普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)百姓(xing))也(ye)(“者(zhe)(zhe)……也(ye)”,判断句的(de)(de)标(biao)志,“者(zhe)(zhe)”表(biao)示(shi)提示(shi)性停顿,“也(ye)”表(biao)示(shi)判断,二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)均为(wei)助词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。)。年且(副(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),将近,将要(yao))七(qi)十,艺(种植(zhi))桑麻五谷以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”,连词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),表(biao)目(mu)的(de)(de),可译(yi)为(wei)“来”)为(wei)(谋求)生(生计),不(bu)(bu)(bu)欲与(yu)(yu)俗人(ren)(ren)(庸俗的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren))齿(动词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),并列),毁誉(毁谤和(he)称赞)不(bu)(bu)(bu)存(放,在)乎(介词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),相(xiang)(xiang)当于(yu)(yu)“于(yu)(yu)”)心,人(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)达(da)士(shi)(通(tong)(tong)(tong)达(da)事理的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren))目(mu)(名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)作(zuo)动词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),看待,)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。海阳(山南水北称“阳”,山北水南称“阴”,这(zhei)里“海”是(shi)(shi)水,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)“北面”的(de)(de)意(yi)思)亡是(shi)(shi)公(虚(xu)(xu)(xu)拟人(ren)(ren)名(ming),“亡”通(tong)(tong)(tong)“无”;“是(shi)(shi)”,代词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),这(zhei)个),高士(shi)(品德高尚的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren))也(ye),年七(qi)十有(you)(通(tong)(tong)(tong)“又”,用(yong)在整(zheng)数(shu)与(yu)(yu)零数(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,可不(bu)(bu)(bu)译(yi))三(san)矣(助词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),表(biao)已然,可译(yi)为(wei)“了(le)”),惟(wei)(wei)读(du)书是(shi)(shi)务(用(yong)“惟(wei)(wei)……是(shi)(shi)……”将宾(bin)语前置(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)强(qiang)调宾(bin)语,相(xiang)(xiang)当于(yu)(yu)“惟(wei)(wei)务读(du)书”;务,动词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),致力(li)(li)于(yu)(yu))。朝(chao)廷数(shu)(副(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),表(biao)频(pin)率,译(yi)为(wei)“屡次”“多(duo)次”)授以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)官(guan)(介宾(bin)短语后(hou)置(zhi)和(he)省略宾(bin)语句,相(xiang)(xiang)当于(yu)(yu)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)官(guan)授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”),不(bu)(bu)(bu)拜(“拜”,官(guan)职任免升(sheng)迁常用(yong)实词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),通(tong)(tong)(tong)常指“授予[官(guan)职]”,这(zhei)里是(shi)(shi)“上任”),曰:“边(bian)鄙(bi)(边(bian)远(yuan)小邑镇,彭端叔《为(wei)学》中(zhong)“蜀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄙(bi)有(you)二(er)僧”中(zhong)的(de)(de)“鄙(bi)”与(yu)(yu)此同义)野人(ren)(ren)(与(yu)(yu)“朝(chao)”字相(xiang)(xiang)对。“在朝(chao)”指在朝(chao)廷为(wei)官(guan);“野人(ren)(ren)”,乡间平(ping)民(min),这(zhei)里是(shi)(shi)谦称自己),不(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(够不(bu)(bu)(bu)上,没能力(li)(li))充(chong)(担任)小吏(li)。”公素(副(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),一(yi)(yi)向,向来)善(shan)(形容词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)作(zuo)动词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),“与(yu)(yu)……友(you)善(shan)”“交好”。)先生,而(er)相(xiang)(xiang)违(互相(xiang)(xiang)分别)期年(满(man)一(yi)(yi)年,整(zheng)整(zheng)一(yi)(yi)年,“期”读(du)“jī”)未之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)见(jian)矣(否定句代词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)作(zuo)宾(bin)语时前置(zhi),“未之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)见(jian)”即“未见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”;
“矣(yi)”,表已然的助词,可译为“了”),因(连词,表因果,可译为“因而”)亲赴(前(qian)往(wang),赶(gan)到)中山访(fang)(fang)焉(拜访(fang)(fang)他。“焉”在这里作代词,代乌(wu)有先生)。
第二段
二叟(老(lao)头子(zi)(zi),这是对(dui)老(lao)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)称(cheng)(cheng)呼(hu))相见大(da)说(shuo)(通(tong)“悦”,高兴(xing))。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)曰:“公(gong)自遐(远)方来(lai)(lai),仆(谦称(cheng)(cheng)自己(ji),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“我”)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)敬(jing)(“无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以”,固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)结(jie)构(gou),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“没(mei)有(you)(you)用(yong)来(lai)(lai)……的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”;“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)敬(jing)”,表(biao)(biao)达敬(jing)意),然(ran)(ran)(表(biao)(biao)转(zhuan)(zhuan)折(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)连(lian)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)是,但是,然(ran)(ran)而(er))敝庐(lu)(我家。“敝”,表(biao)(biao)谦虚;“敝庐(lu)”相当于(yu)(yu)“寒舍(she)”)颇(程度副(fu)(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),略微(wei)(wei))蓄(xu)(储备)薄酿(即(ji)(ji)薄酒,谦虚说(shuo)法(fa)(fa)。淡酒),每(每当,常(chang))朔望(农(nong)历的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)一和十五)则(就)自酌(独自饮(yin)酒),今(jin)者(zhe)(助词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),放(fang)在时间(jian)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)后,不(bu)(bu)译(yi)(yi))故(gu)人(ren)(ren)(老(lao)朋友(you))来(lai)(lai),盍(兼词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),兼疑问代(dai)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“何(he)(he)(he)”和否定(ding)(ding)(ding)副(fu)(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“不(bu)(bu)”。)共(gong)饮(yin)诸(zhu)(兼词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),兼代(dai)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”和助词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“乎(hu)”,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“它呢”)?”于(yu)(yu)是相与(yu)(一同,一起)酣(han)(畅快(kuai))饮(yin),夜(ye)阑(“阑”,将尽(jin)(jin),“夜(ye)阑”,天快(kuai)亮(liang)了(le))而(er)(转(zhuan)(zhuan)折(zhe)连(lian)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)是)兴(xing)未尽(jin)(jin)也。翌日(ri)(第二天。“翌年(nian)”则指(zhi)(zhi)第二年(nian),相当于(yu)(yu)文言中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“明(ming)年(nian)”),先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)复(再次)要(通(tong)“邀”,邀请)公(gong)饮(yin),把酒(端着(zhe)(zhe)酒杯)论(lun)(评说(shuo))古(gu)今(jin)治乱(太(tai)平与(yu)混乱)事(shi),意快(kuai)甚(shen)(痛快(kuai)极(ji)了(le)),不(bu)(bu)觉已酩酊(大(da)醉(zui)貌)醉(zui)矣(yi)。薄莫(傍晚。“薄”,动(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),“迫近”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意;“莫”通(tong)“暮”,晚上。),先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)酒释(酒意消(xiao)除(chu)),而(er)(转(zhuan)(zhuan)折(zhe)连(lian)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)是)公(gong)犹(还)僵卧(wo),气(qi)息(xi)(xi)惙(chuo)然(ran)(ran)(气(qi)息(xi)(xi)微(wei)(wei)弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)样子(zi)(zi)),呼(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)醒,大(da)惊(jing),延(延请)邻医(yi)脉(mai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他把脉(mai)诊断。“脉(mai)”,名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)作(zuo)动(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),把脉(mai);“脉(mai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”这是名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)动(dong)(dong)(dong)用(yong)法(fa)(fa)”)。医(yi)曰:“殆(dai)矣(yi)(危(wei)险(xian)啦!“殆(dai)”,危(wei)险(xian))!微(wei)(wei)(无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),有(you)(you)假设意味(wei),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“如果没(mei)有(you)(you)”)司命(古(gu)人(ren)(ren)称(cheng)(cheng)冥间(jian)掌管人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)死(si)(si)大(da)权的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神),孰能(neng)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng),即(ji)(ji)救(jiu)活(huo)(huo)他。“生(sheng)”,动(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使动(dong)(dong)(dong)用(yong)法(fa)(fa))?愚(谦称(cheng)(cheng),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“我”)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)结(jie)构(gou),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“没(mei)有(you)(you)……的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)[地方]”)用(yong)其(代(dai)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),代(dai)医(yi)生(sheng)自己(ji))技(医(yi)术(shu))矣(yi)。”先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)靡(mi)(指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)指(zhi)(zhi)代(dai)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”:作(zuo)主语(yu)时,通(tong)常(chang)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“没(mei)有(you)(you)谁(shei)”;这里(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)定(ding)(ding)(ding)语(yu),译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“没(mei)有(you)(you)什么(me)”)计(办法(fa)(fa))不(bu)(bu)施(用(yong)),迄(最终)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)效(xiao),益(越发,更加)恐(kong)。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)与(yu)老(lao)妻(qi)(qi)计(商议(yi))曰:“故(gu)人(ren)(ren)过(拜访)我而(er)死(si)(si)焉(兼词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),相当于(yu)(yu)“于(yu)(yu)此(ci)”,译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“在这里(li)(li)(li)”),无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)乃不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)乎(hu)(“无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)乃……乎(hu)[邪(xie)、耶、与(yu)、欤]”,固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)结(jie)构(gou),表(biao)(biao)推测(ce),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“恐(kong)怕[莫非]……吧(ba)”)!雅(平日(ri),向来(lai)(lai))闻百里(li)(li)(li)外(wai)山中有(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)虚长者(zhe),世操(从事(shi))医(yi)术(shu),人(ren)(ren)咸(都)以今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扁鹊称(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。诚(如果)能(neng)速(请)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)来(lai)(lai),则(连(lian)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),表(biao)(biao)假设关(guan)(guan)系,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“那么(me)”)庶(shu)几(ji)(表(biao)(biao)推测(ce))白(bai)骨可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)肉(rou)(rou)矣(yi)(起死(si)(si)回生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形象说(shuo)法(fa)(fa)。“肉(rou)(rou)”名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用(yong)作(zuo)动(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),长肉(rou)(rou))。惟(副(fu)(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),只是)路险(xian),家无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遣者(zhe)(“无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)……者(zhe)”,没(mei)有(you)(you)……的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)),奈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何(he)(he)(he)!(“奈……何(he)(he)(he)”,固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)结(jie)构(gou),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“拿……怎么(me)办”)”老(lao)妻(qi)(qi)曰:“虽然(ran)(ran)(固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)结(jie)构(gou),表(biao)(biao)假设关(guan)(guan)系可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“即(ji)(ji)使这样”),终(终究(jiu))当(一定(ding)(ding)(ding))有(you)(you)以活(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(“有(you)(you)以……”,固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)结(jie)构(gou),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“有(you)(you)用(yong)来(lai)(lai)……的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)[办法(fa)(fa)]”;“活(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)活(huo)(huo),“活(huo)(huo)”是动(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使动(dong)(dong)(dong)用(yong)法(fa)(fa))。妾(妇(fu)女自称(cheng)(cheng))谓(认(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei))坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)视(shi)(坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)着(zhe)(zhe)看,表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)采取办法(fa)(fa)而(er)等待(dai)观望)故(gu)人(ren)(ren)死(si)(si),是(指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),指(zhi)(zhi)代(dai)“坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)视(shi)故(gu)人(ren)(ren)死(si)(si)”这件事(shi))倍(通(tong)“背(bei)”,违背(bei))义尔(er),窃(谦词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“个人(ren)(ren)”或“私下里(li)(li)(li)”)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)不(bu)(bu)取(认(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)您不(bu)(bu)应该采取这种做法(fa)(fa))也。夫(fu)(句(ju)首语(yu)气(qi)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),又称(cheng)(cheng)“发语(yu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”,通(tong)常(chang)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)后面(mian)要进行议(yi)论(lun);也可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)表(biao)(biao)后面(mian)将另提一事(shi))败义(损害(hai)道义)以(连(lian)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),表(biao)(biao)并列(lie))负(辜负,对(dui)不(bu)(bu)起)友(you),君(jun)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所耻(chi)(感到耻(chi)辱(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)。“所”加动(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)组成(cheng)名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性短语(yu),意为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“……的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)情”)。孰若(ruo)(哪(na)里(li)(li)(li)比得上,怎么(me)比得上)冒死(si)(si)以(连(lian)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),表(biao)(biao)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)译(yi)(yi))救(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)然(ran)(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(觉得妻(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)话正确。“然(ran)(ran)”,形容词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意动(dong)(dong)(dong)用(yong)法(fa)(fa),认(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)对(dui)),曰:“卿(尊称(cheng)(cheng),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“您”)言甚(shen)(程度副(fu)(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),极(ji),很)副(fu)(fu)(相称(cheng)(cheng),符合(he))吾(wu)意,苟(如果)能(neng)活(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),何(he)(he)(he)爱(吝惜(xi))此(ci)身?纵(即(ji)(ji)使)有(you)(you)祸(祸患,灾(zai)祸),固(gu)(gu)(本来(lai)(lai))当不(bu)(bu)辞(推辞)也。”遂属(通(tong)“嘱”,吩(fen)咐)老(lao)妻(qi)(qi)护公(gong),而(er)躬自(亲自)策(ce)(名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)作(zuo)动(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),用(yong)鞭(bian)子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)抽打)驴夜(ye)(名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)作(zuo)状语(yu),在夜(ye)里(li)(li)(li),连(lian)夜(ye))驰(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(动(dong)(dong)(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),前往,赶往)山中。
第三段
时(当时,正值)六月晦(农历月末那一天),手信(通“伸”)而指弗见,跬步(古时的半步,现在的一步;步,古时的一步,现在的两步)难行,至中夜(半夜,古时又称“夜分”“子时”,相当于现在的头天23:00到第二天1:00),道未及(不到)半。未几(时间词,不久,没过多久),密云蔽(遮蔽)空,雷电(闪电)交加。先生欲投村落(村庄)辟(通“避”,躲避)焉(代词,指雨),叩(敲)门而人皆弗之内(否定句代词宾语前置,相当于“弗内之”;“内”通“纳”)方(正在)踌躇(犹豫,徘徊)间(时),雨暴(突然)至。旋(马上)忆及曩昔(以前,先前)尝(曾经)过此,村外有一兰若(梵语音译词,指寺庙),遂(连词,表承接,译为“于是”)借电光觅得(找到)之(代词,代“兰若”)。入其(指示代词,那,“登其陛”中的“其”与此同)门,登其陛(台阶),见殿扉(门扇)虚掩(半开),有小隙(缝隙),将(打算,将要)入。倏然(突然)迅雷(指与闪电相隔时间极短的雷声)大作(响起),电光烨烨(形容闪电闪耀的样子,读yè),洞烛(清清楚楚地照着。“洞”,清楚,透彻;“烛”,名词用作动词,照)殿堂,则(顺承连词,就)见一缢(上吊)妇县(通“悬”,挂)梁柱间,被发诎颈(形容缢妇吊死时的样子:“被”通“披”,披散着;“诎”通“屈”,指身体某些部位的弯曲,这里是头被绳子吊来上仰而后颈缩短的样子),状(样子)甚(程度副词,很,非常)惨。先生卒(通“猝”,猛然)惊,还(通“旋”,转身)走(古今异义词,指“跑”)宇(屋檐)下,心犹(还)悸([心]跳)焉(助词,表陈述,不译)。俄(不一会儿)见寺门大辟(开),一女鬼跃掷(形容纵身而跳的样子)而入,惊雷破(使动用法,使……破,打破)壁,电闪不绝(断)。先生自念(暗自忖思):得无缢妇为之与(“得无……与”,表推断揣测的固定结构,可译为“恐怕是(莫非是、该不是)……吧”,《聊斋志异"促织(zhi)》有“得无教我猎虫(chong)所耶”句(ju):皆可作(zuo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)旁例)?于(yu)电光下孰(通(tong)(tong)“熟”,仔细)视之(zhi),则(就)女(nv)(nv)鬼(gui)满面血污,抱一(yi)死婴(ying),且顾(gu)且号(hao)(“且……且……”,可译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“一(yi)边……一(yi)边……”;“顾(gu)”,回头(tou)(tou)看;有声(sheng)无泪(lei)称为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“号(hao)”),若(ruo)有奇冤(yuan)而(er)(er)(转折(zhe)连(lian)(lian)词(ci)(ci),却(que)(que))无所诉者(zhe)(zhe)(“若(ruo)……者(zhe)(zhe)”,可译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“像……似的(de)”;“无所”,固(gu)定结构,可译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“没有……的(de)地方(fang)”或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)“没有地方(fang)可……”; “诉”,控(kong)诉,申述)。先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)冯(feng)(通(tong)(tong)“凭”,凭靠(kao))驴伏(趴(pa)下),屏(压抑,控(kong)制(zhi))息(呼吸)不(bu)敢少(稍微(wei))动。已而(er)(er)(不(bu)久(jiu),不(bu)一(yi)会儿(er)),驴惊鸣(ming),女(nv)(nv)鬼(gui)觉(jue)(察觉(jue),发(fa)觉(jue))之(zhi)(代词(ci)(ci),指(zhi)(zhi)乌有先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)和驴),怒(nu)目(名作(zuo)动,看着)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng),欲进(jin)复(又)却(que)(que)(后(hou)退)者(zhe)(zhe)三( “三”通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)虚指(zhi)(zhi)多,而(er)(er)非实数;如直译(yi)(yi),可译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“……的(de)情况有多次”)。先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)胆素(向来)壮(大),自思(si):人(ren)言(yan)遇鬼(gui)则(就)死,死亦(yi)(也)不(bu)过为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)耳( “而(er)(er)已”或(huo)“罢了”),何惧为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(“何[以]……为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)”,表反问的(de)固(gu)定结构,可译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“要……干什么那?”或(huo)“哪(na)里用得着……呢(ni)(ni)?”)?遂(sui)执(持,拿)策(鞭子)厉声(sheng)(高声(sheng))曰(yue):“女(nv)(nv)鬼(gui)邪(xie)(xie),抑人(ren)邪(xie)(xie)?”(“女(nv)(nv)”通(tong)(tong)“汝”,“你”;“邪(xie)(xie)”通(tong)(tong)“耶”,疑问语(yu)气助词(ci)(ci)。“……邪(xie)(xie),抑……邪(xie)(xie)”,选(xuan)择(ze)问句(ju)的(de)常(chang)(chang)见句(ju)式,译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“是(shi)……呢(ni)(ni),还是(shi)……呢(ni)(ni)?”)女(nv)(nv)鬼(gui)凄(qi)然(形容绝望而(er)(er)凄(qi)惨(can))长啸(长声(sheng)吼叫(jiao)(jiao)),森然(阴森恐怖的(de)样子)欲搏(bo)(击打)之(zhi)。先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)毛发(fa)(头(tou)(tou)发(fa))上(shang)指(zhi)(zhi)(竖(shu)起(qi)),急击之(zhi)以策(介宾短语(yu)后(hou)置,相(xiang)当于(yu)“以策击之(zhi)”),中(zhong)(击中(zhong))鬼(gui)首(头(tou)(tou)),立仆(读pū,向前倒下;向后(hou)倒叫(jiao)(jiao)“偃(yan)”)。乃(nai)(连(lian)(lian)词(ci)(ci),于(yu)是(shi))引(yin)(拉)驴奔(ben)寺(si)外,疾(形容词(ci)(ci),快)驰(本(ben)义为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)骑(qi)马飞(fei)奔(ben),这(zhei)里指(zhi)(zhi)骑(qi)驴飞(fei)奔(ben))而(er)(er)(连(lian)(lian)词(ci)(ci),表修饰关系,不(bu)译(yi)(yi))去(离去,跑开)。
第四段
质明(ming)(ming)(天刚亮)始霁(雨[雪]后(hou)(hou)天气(qi)放(fang)晴),罢甚(shen)(“罢”通“疲”),然(ran)念(nian)及(考虑到(dao))亡是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)存亡莫(mo)卜(生死(si)不(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)。卜,知道),欲(yu)蚤(通“早”)至山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中,不(bu)(bu)敢息。逾(yu)午(过(guo)了午时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。古(gu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)地(di)(di)(di)支纪时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),把一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天分为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)个时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辰,每(mei)个时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辰相(xiang)当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)于现(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)两个小(xiao)(xiao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);又(you)将一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辰分为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“上(shang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)”和(he)“下时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)”,均相(xiang)当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)于现(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个“小(xiao)(xiao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。午时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),相(xiang)当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)于现(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)11:00—13:00[指(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)方时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)]),始(才(cai))入(ru)(ru)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)口(kou)有(you)茅店,询(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(询(xun),咨询(xun),打听;“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,代(dai)(dai)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),代(dai)(dai)子虚(xu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)情况,从后(hou)(hou)文(wen)看(kan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)打听住地(di)(di)(di)),知长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)居山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阴(山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)北(bei)(bei)水南(nan)称“阴”,这(zhei)里是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)指(zhi)北(bei)(bei)面(mian)),而(er)连山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)纵衡(多貌),略无(wu)(wu)(毫无(wu)(wu),全(quan)(quan)无(wu)(wu))阙(通“缺”)处,遂(连词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),于是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))以(yi)(介词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),把)驴寄(ji)(寄(ji)存)逆旅(旅店)主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)家而(er)徒焉(yan)(yan)(徒步(bu)(bu)行(xing)走。焉(yan)(yan),陈述(shu)语气(qi)助词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),可(ke)不(bu)(bu)译(yi)(yi))。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)行(xing)(沿着(zhe)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)路走)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里许(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)数(shu)(shu)量词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)后(hou)(hou)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)约数(shu)(shu),可(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“左右”。),忽闻丛林中一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)声呼哨,斯须(时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),很快(kuai),即(ji)刻(ke)(ke))而(er)(顺承连词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),就)强(qiang)人(ren)(ren)(指(zhi)强(qiang)盗)列陈(摆开阵(zhen)势。“陈”通“阵(zhen)”)阻(阻挡)于前(qian),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou)(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)庞然(ran)(形容(rong)高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)样(yang)子)修伟(wei)(高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)健(jian)壮;修,长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)),黑面(mian)多须。从(跟(gen)随在(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou))者(zhe)(zhe)无(wu)(wu)虑(表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)估计,译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“大(da)(da)(da)约”“总(zong)共”)数(shu)(shu)(几)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)骑(念(nian)jì。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)马叫“骑”),而(er)步(bu)(bu)卒(步(bu)(bu)行(xing)的(de)(de)士兵(bing))百余继(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou),皆(都)被(通“披”,穿着(zhe))甲(jia)(铠甲(jia)。戴在(zai)(zai)(zai)头上(shang)的(de)(de)叫“盔”)执兵(bing)(武器,兵(bing)器)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(其(qi)(qi)(qi)中)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)吼(hou)曰:“大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)在(zai)(zai)(zai),胡(疑(yi)问副(fu)(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),问原(yuan)(yuan)因,译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什么(me)”)不(bu)(bu)跪(gui)!”先(xian)生趋避(bi)不(bu)(bu)及,遂(副(fu)(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),最终)就禽(被捉住了。“禽”通“擒”,抓(zhua)获)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou)(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)下马坐巨石上(shang),两(展(zhan)(伸直)其(qi)(qi)(qi)足,案(通“按”)剑(jian)瞋目,声如乳虎(小(xiao)(xiao)老虎,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)说(shuo)育子的(de)(de)母虎),曰:“汝来(lai)前(qian)!孤(帝王(wang)自(zi)(zi)称,这(zhei)里是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)自(zi)(zi)称),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)主(zhu)也(ye)。据(占据)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)称雄,尔来(lai)(从那以(yi)来(lai)。尔,指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“这(zhei)”或“那”)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)余载(年(nian))矣,官军不(bu)(bu)敢犯孤境(侵犯我(wo)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)盘)。尔(第二(er)人(ren)(ren)称代(dai)(dai)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),你)何物(wu)狂(kuang)夫(相(xiang)当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)于“何狂(kuang)物(wu)夫”,全(quan)(quan)句大(da)(da)(da)致可(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“你是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)哪(na)来(lai)的(de)(de)狂(kuang)妄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒?”“物(wu)”与“夫”同(tong)义(yi)(yi)(yi),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“人(ren)(ren)”的(de)(de)意思,如“待人(ren)(ren)接(jie)物(wu)”、“恃才(cai)傲物(wu)”中的(de)(de)“物(wu)”即(ji)此(ci)义(yi)(yi)(yi)),擅入(ru)(ru)吾(wu)寨(zhai),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)反问,可(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“难道”)欲(yu)血(名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)使(shi)动(dong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法:使(shi)……染上(shang)血)孤刀乎!”先(xian)生蛇行(xing)匍(pu)匐以(yi)进(像蛇一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)样(yang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)上(shang)爬(pa)着(zhe)前(qian)进。“蛇”,名(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)作状(zhuang)语:“像蛇一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)样(yang)”),跽(ji)(指(zhi)“长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)跪(gui)”,跪(gui)着(zhe)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臀部离(li)开脚后(hou)(hou)跟(gen))而(er)泣曰:“请(敬(jing)辞,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)说(shuo)话(hua)人(ren)(ren)自(zi)(zi)己动(dong)作之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian),可(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“请让我(wo)”“请允许我(wo)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类)诉(申诉,说(shuo)明(ming)(ming))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(代(dai)(dai)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),代(dai)(dai)指(zhi)误闯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨(zhai)的(de)(de)前(qian)因后(hou)(hou)果),愿(yuan)(希望(wang)(wang))大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)垂(chui)(表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)敬(jing)副(fu)(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)听话(hua)人(ren)(ren)动(dong)作前(qian)面(mian),表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)对方高(gao)高(gao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang))听。小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)布衣也(ye),友(you)人(ren)(ren)病危(wei),吾(wu)不(bu)(bu)忍坐视其(qi)(qi)(qi)死(si),入(ru)(ru)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)诣(yi)(yi)(拜访)子虚(xu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)延(延续,延长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang))友(you)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming),仓(cang)皇(慌忙)不(bu)(bu)能择路,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)因果关系的(de)(de)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)固(gu)定(ding)结构,“以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)倒装,相(xiang)当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)于“以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”“以(yi)故(gu)”“是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)”“故(gu)”的(de)(de)意义(yi)(yi)(yi))误入(ru)(ru)大(da)(da)(da)寨(zhai),罪当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(该当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang))死(si)。身(shen)(自(zi)(zi)己)死(si)固(gu)(副(fu)(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),原(yuan)(yuan)本)不(bu)(bu)足惜(不(bu)(bu)值得(de)吝惜),特以(yi)不(bu)(bu)得(de)延医活友(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)恨耳(“特……耳”,固(gu)定(ding)结构, “只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)……罢了”,“特”还可(ke)换为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“但(dan)”、“徒”、“直”、“唯(wei)”、“第[弟]”等(deng)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),意义(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)变。活,动(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)使(shi)动(dong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法,“使(shi)……活”;“ 恨”,古(gu)今异义(yi)(yi)(yi)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),遗憾。),惟(句首(shou)(shou)(shou)语气(qi)助词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),含有(you)“希望(wang)(wang)”的(de)(de)意味(wei))大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)哀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(可(ke)怜我(wo),怜悯我(wo)。“哀”:悲悯,同(tong)情;“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”:活用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)称代(dai)(dai)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“我(wo)”)。”言(yan)已(止,完),涕(眼泪)如雨下。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou)(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)曰:“然(ran)则(既(ji)然(ran)如此(ci),那么(me)……),君(尊称,您义(yi)(yi)(yi)士也(ye)。”顾(回头)谓(对……说(shuo))徒属(古(gu)无(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)复(fu)数(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“属”、“类”、“辈”、“侪”[读(du)chái]、“伦”、“流”、“曹”、“等(deng)”等(deng)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)来(lai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi),大(da)(da)(da)致相(xiang)当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)于“们”,准确讲应该是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“这(zhei)些人(ren)(ren)”)曰:“杀义(yi)(yi)(yi)士,不(bu)(bu)祥(吉(ji)祥,吉(ji)利)莫(mo)(指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)中的(de)(de)无(wu)(wu)指(zhi)代(dai)(dai)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),可(ke)译(yi)(yi)作“没有(you)什么(me)[事(shi)]”)大(da)(da)(da)焉(yan)(yan)(比这(zhei)更大(da)(da)(da)。“焉(yan)(yan)”,兼词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),兼介词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“于”[此(ci)处表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)比较,译(yi)(yi)作“比”]和(he)代(dai)(dai)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“此(ci)”)。释(放(fang))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)成(成全(quan)(quan),使(shi)完成)其(qi)(qi)(qi)志(他的(de)(de)心愿(yuan)),且(qie)(表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)递进的(de)(de)连词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),并且(qie))劝(quan)(勉励,激(ji)励)好(hao)义(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)!”又(you)谓先(xian)生曰:“吾(wu)等(deng)虽(sui)(连词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),虽(sui)然(ran))啸聚(ju)(召集(ji),聚(ju)集(ji))山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)林,非草寇(kou)(一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般强(qiang)盗)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(同(tong)类),君勿(否定(ding)副(fu)(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),别,不(bu)(bu)要)惧。子虚(xu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe),仁(仁慈)人(ren)(ren)也(ye),居山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阴,君须跻(登,读(du)jī)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颠(dian)(通“巅(dian)”,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)顶(ding))而(er)(连词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)顺承)北(bei)(bei)下,始(才(cai))得(de)(能够)至其(qi)(qi)(qi)家。速(赶快(kuai))诣(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(去(qu)找他),以(yi)(连词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),以(yi)便(bian))救(jiu)乃(第二(er)人(ren)(ren)称代(dai)(dai)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“你的(de)(de)”)友(you);然(ran)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)每(mei)(副(fu)(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),常常)采药于千山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)万壑间(jian),吾(wu)辈亦鲜(少,读(du)xiǎn)遇(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),虞(担心)君不(bu)(bu)得(de)见耳。”先(xian)生再拜(拜两拜,古(gu)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)种礼节)致谢(表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)谢意)而(er)后(hou)(hou)去(qu)。
第五段
进(往(wang)前走),山益(越(yue)(yue)发(fa),更加(jia))深,失(迷失)路(lu)。先(xian)生(sheng)缘(yuan)鸟(niao)道(dao)(顺着高峻无路(lu)处(chu)往(wang)上爬;缘(yuan),沿(yan);“鸟(niao)道(dao)”,喻指(zhi)高山无人(ren)行走只有(you) 鸟(niao)能(neng)飞(fei)过(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)),披(分(fen)开,拔开)荆棘,援(攀(pan))藤葛,履(名词(ci)(ci)(ci)用作动词(ci)(ci)(ci),踩)流石,涉(she)(趟水过(guo)河)溪涧;越(yue)(yue)(翻越(yue)(yue))绝壁(bi)(陡峭(qiao)的(de)山壁(bi)),登(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)弥(mi)高,行之(zhi)(zhi)弥(mi)远(“弥(mi)[愈(yu)、越(yue)(yue)]……弥(mi)[愈(yu)、越(yue)(yue)]……”连(lian)锁关系的(de)固定结构,现(xian)在(zai)(zai)通常只说“越(yue)(yue)……越(yue)(yue)……”),力竭(用尽)而(er)未(wei)克(ke)(能(neng)够)上。忽(hu)见虎迹(足迹,脚印),大如升(古代容量单位,十斗为(wei)一(yi)升),少顷(时间词(ci)(ci)(ci),不(bu)一(yi)会儿(er))闻(wen)巨啸(吼叫声),四山响(古今异义词(ci)(ci)(ci),名词(ci)(ci)(ci),译为(wei)“回(hui)声”)震,林(lin)泉战(zhan)栗(通“栗”,颤抖,)。声裁(通“才(cai)”,刚(gang)刚(gang)。《促织》中有(you)“手裁举,则又(you)超忽(hu)而(er)跃”之(zhi)(zhi)句)止,而(er)馁(nei)(饥饿)虎见(通“现(xian)”,出(chu)现(xian))于林(lin)莽(树(shu)林(lin)和草丛)间,眈眈(贪婪而(er)凶(xiong)狠地看着的(de)样子)相向(xiang)(对着他。“相”本是副词(ci)(ci)(ci),这里偏(pian)指(zhi)一(yi)方,有(you)代词(ci)(ci)(ci)意味,可译为(wei)“他”,代乌有(you)先(xian)生(sheng))。先(xian)生(sheng)自分(fen)(料(liao)想)必死,叹曰:“不(bu)意 “意”,料(liao)想)今乃(nai)(竟然)捐(弃,丢弃。与现(xian)在(zai)(zai)的(de)“捐献”不(bu)同)躯(qu)(躯(qu)壳,身体)此兽(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)口!”
第六段
方(fang)瞑(ming)(闭)目俟(等)死(si),闻虎(hu)惨叫(jiao),怪(形(xing)容词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)意动(dong)用(yong)法,“以(yi)……为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)怪”)而(er)视之(zhi)(zhi),盖(gai)(句(ju)首语(yu)气助词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),原来(lai)(lai)(lai))一(yi)(yi)(yi)矢(箭)已(yi)贯(射穿)其喉矣(yi)(yi)。寻(不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)会儿)见一(yi)(yi)(yi)长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)挟弓立崖(ya)上(shang),衣(名(ming)(ming)作(zuo)动(dong),穿)短(duan)褐,著草履,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)冠(名(ming)(ming)作(zuo)动(dong),戴(dai)帽子)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)袜(wa)(名(ming)(ming)作(zuo)动(dong),穿袜(wa)子),须眉(mei)悉(全都)白,颜色(古(gu)今异(yi)义(yi),脸色)如丹(名(ming)(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),朱砂(sha)),俨然(很像的(de)样子)类(类似,像)仙人(ren)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)趣(qu)(通(tong)(tong)(tong)“趋”,小(xiao)跑)而(er)前(qian)(名(ming)(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)作(zuo)动(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),走上(shang)前(qian)去),拜谒(yè,参见)长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢慢(man)(怠慢(man))。长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)诘(jie)(问(wen)(wen))曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“若(ruo)(你)何(he)(he)(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(干什么的(de),“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)何(he)(he)(he)者(zhe)(zhe)”的(de)倒装(zhuang),问(wen)(wen)句(ju)中代词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)做宾语(yu)需要倒装(zhuang))也(ye)(ye)?奚自(zi)(疑问(wen)(wen)句(ju)代词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)宾语(yu)前(qian)置,相(xiang)(xiang)当(dang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)“自(zi)奚”,译(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“来(lai)(lai)(lai)自(zi)何(he)(he)(he)处”)?何(he)(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)之(zhi)(zhi)(宾语(yu)前(qian)置,相(xiang)(xiang)当(dang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)“之(zhi)(zhi)何(he)(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)”,译(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“到哪里(li)去”)?”先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)具(详细地,一(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)地)白(告知,陈述(shu))所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(固定(ding)(ding)结(jie)构(gou)(gou)(gou),译(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“……的(de)原因(yin)”)及(ji)所(suo)(suo)从来(lai)(lai)(lai)(固定(ding)(ding)结(jie)构(gou)(gou)(gou)“所(suo)(suo)+介(jie)(jie)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)+动(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”,可(ke)译(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“从哪里(li)来(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)”)。长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)笑(xiao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“子虚者(zhe)(zhe),吾之(zhi)(zhi)氏(本(ben)义(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“姓(xing)”,这(zhei)里(li)指(zhi)“名(ming)(ming)”)也(ye)(ye)。寒(han)舍在(zai)迩(本(ben)义(yi)是形(xing)容词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“近”,这(zhei)里(li)作(zuo)名(ming)(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),“近处”),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)入(ru)(ru)。”遂(sui)引(带领)至其家,杀(sha)鸡为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黍以(yi)食(作(zuo)动(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),“给……吃”;读sì)之(zhi)(zhi)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)请(请求)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“事(shi)迫(紧迫,急(ji)迫)矣(yi)(yi)!乞(求)长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)速(赶快)往,冀(ji)(希(xi)望)有(you)万(wan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(万(wan)分之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi))之(zhi)(zhi)望(希(xi)望)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)者(zhe)(zhe)(如果不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)快去。“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)”通(tong)(tong)(tong)“否”),时(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逮(dai)(来(lai)(lai)(lai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)。)矣(yi)(yi)。”长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)询(xun)(询(xun)问(wen)(wen),打听)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“病者(zhe)(zhe)孰与(yu)(yu)(yu)(表(biao)比(bi)较的(de)固定(ding)(ding)结(jie)构(gou)(gou)(gou),译(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“与(yu)(yu)(yu)……相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi),哪个……”)君(jun)少(shao)长(zhang)(zhang)?”曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“长(zhang)(zhang)仆四岁(倒装(zhuang)兼(jian)省略介(jie)(jie)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)句(ju),相(xiang)(xiang)当(dang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)“于(yu)(yu)(yu)仆长(zhang)(zhang)四岁”,于(yu)(yu)(yu),介(jie)(jie)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),译(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“比(bi)”)。 ”又问(wen)(wen)病状(zhuang)(状(zhuang)况,情形(xing),情况),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“毋庸(不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong))忧!旦(dan)日(ri)(明天),吾当(dang)(一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding))与(yu)(yu)(yu)君(jun)具(通(tong)(tong)(tong)“俱”,副(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),一(yi)(yi)(yi)同,一(yi)(yi)(yi)起)往。”先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)言(yan)路险,恐迟(chi)滞(zhi)(延迟(chi),耽误(wu))时(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)。长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“后山有(you)坦途(tu),抵(到达)中山,第(di)半日(ri)耳(“第(di)……耳”,固定(ding)(ding)结(jie)构(gou)(gou)(gou),译(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“只不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)过……罢了”。第(di),副(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),在(zai)文言(yan)中与(yu)(yu)(yu)“徒”、“但”、“仅”、“直”、“唯”同义(yi);有(you)时(shi)(shi)(shi)“第(di)”也(ye)(ye)写作(zuo)“弟”)。”侵晨(凌晨),遂(sui)携药囊乘(cheng)(骑。读chéng)健驴(lv)与(yu)(yu)(yu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)同行。无何(he)(he)(he)(时(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)久,至山口(kou)(kou),先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)取己驴(lv)与(yu)(yu)(yu)长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)并(一(yi)(yi)(yi)齐)驱而(er)循大道(沿着大路策驴(lv)飞奔(ben))。二叟同行,途(tu)经(jing)乡(xiang)(通(tong)(tong)(tong)“向(xiang)”,先(xian)(xian)(xian)前(qian),从前(qian))所(suo)(suo)入(ru)(ru)兰若(ruo),先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)因(yin)述(shu)遇(yu)(yu)鬼事(shi),指(zhi)示(古(gu)今同形(xing)异(yi)义(yi)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。指(zhi)着[寺(si)庙(miao)]给[他]看)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“此寺(si),吾之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)遇(yu)(yu)鬼(遇(yu)(yu)见鬼的(de)地方(fang))也(ye)(ye)。予当(dang)死(si)之(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)。”长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)笑(xiao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“嘻(xi)(叹词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),表(biao)示惊奇)!先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦惑乎(“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦……乎”,固定(ding)(ding)结(jie)构(gou)(gou)(gou),译(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)太……吗”;“惑”糊涂)!鬼神者(zhe)(zhe),心之(zhi)(zhi)幻景(通(tong)(tong)(tong)“影”)耳(“而(er)已(yi)”或(huo)“罢了”),安(怎么)能(neng)受(通(tong)(tong)(tong)“授”,给,施加)人(ren)祸(huo)!足(zu)下(xia)(尊称(cheng)(cheng),您)知(通(tong)(tong)(tong)“智”)者(zhe)(zhe),曷为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(介(jie)(jie)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)宾语(yu)前(qian)置,相(xiang)(xiang)当(dang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)曷”,译(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什么”)信此哉(表(biao)疑问(wen)(wen)的(de)助词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),译(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“呢”)?”适(恰好)寺(si)旁(pang)有(you)田父(念(nian)fǔ,古(gu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)对(dui)老年(nian)(nian)男子的(de)称(cheng)(cheng)呼;“田父”,农夫)五(wu)六人(ren),辍(停止)耕坐(zuo)陇(通(tong)(tong)(tong)“垄”,田埂)上(shang)。长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)偕(作(zuo)动(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),可(ke)译(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“陪同”)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)就(靠近)而(er)问(wen)(wen)焉(yan),并述(shu)向(xiang)(先(xian)(xian)(xian)前(qian))之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)见。田父掩口(kou)(kou)胡(hu)卢(lu)(形(xing)容笑(xiao)声(sheng))而(er)笑(xiao),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“君(jun)误(wu)矣(yi)(yi)!彼缢妇(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),吾村(cun)王氏妾(qie)(qie)(小(xiao)妾(qie)(qie),侧(ce)庶,俗称(cheng)(cheng)“小(xiao)老婆(po)”)也(ye)(ye),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)恶姑(对(dui)丈(zhang)(zhang)夫的(de)妈妈的(de)称(cheng)(cheng)呼,俗称(cheng)(cheng)“婆(po)婆(po)”)、嫡妇(fu)(正(zheng)妻,与(yu)(yu)(yu)“庶”[俗称(cheng)(cheng)“偏(pian)房”]相(xiang)(xiang)对(dui))所(suo)(suo)容而(er)自(zi)经(jing)(上(shang)吊自(zi)杀(sha)。“经(jing)”,动(dong)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),上(shang)吊)焉(yan)(兼(jian)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),译(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“在(zai)那里(li)”)。子(尊称(cheng)(cheng),您)所(suo)(suo)见女鬼者(zhe)(zhe),吾村(cun)李(li)氏妇(fu)也(ye)(ye)(“者(zhe)(zhe)……也(ye)(ye)……”,判(pan)断句(ju)的(de)标志)。家素(向(xiang)来(lai)(lai)(lai))贫,今岁饥(ji)(荒年(nian)(nian)歉收),赋敛(赋税)又重(zhong),衣食不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)给(读jǐ,足(zu)够,丰足(zu)),夫(丈(zhang)(zhang)夫)新(新近,刚(gang)刚(gang))丧(死(si)),其子昨又夭(夭折,短(duan)命而(er)死(si))矣(yi)(yi)。妇(fu)抢呼(头(tou)撞地口(kou)(kou)呼天,形(xing)容悲痛欲(yu)(yu)绝的(de)样子。“抢”念(nian)qiāng)欲(yu)(yu)绝,悲极(到极点)而(er)入(ru)(ru)邪魔(mo),夜半病作(zuo),发(打开,挖开)其子之(zhi)(zhi)坟取尸以(yi)(连词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),表(biao)顺承,可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)译(yi))归。自(zi)言(yan)其首为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寺(si)鬼所(suo)(suo)伤(“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)……所(suo)(suo)”,表(biao)被动(dong))。君(jun)无问(wen)(wen),何(he)(he)(he)由(you)(介(jie)(jie)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)宾语(yu)前(qian)置,相(xiang)(xiang)当(dang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)“由(you)何(he)(he)(he)”,译(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“从哪里(li)”“凭(ping)什么”、“怎么”)知其(代词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),代“李(li)氏妇(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寺(si)鬼所(suo)(suo)伤”这(zhei)件事(shi))乃(副(fu)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),用(yong)在(zai)判(pan)断句(ju)谓语(yu)前(qian)以(yi)加强语(yu)气)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(作(zuo)名(ming)(ming)词(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),做的(de)(事(shi)),干的(de))也(ye)(ye)。”言(yan)已(yi)(说完),皆大笑(xiao)。
第七段
及(ji)反(fan)(fan)(通(tong)“返”),亡是(shi)公(gong)(gong)犹(副(fu)(fu)词(ci),还)未(wei)醒。长者诊(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(为(wei)(wei)(wei)动(dong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)他诊(zhen)断〔病(bing)情〕”),曰:“是(shi)非疾也(ye)(ye)(ye)(否定(ding)性判断句。“是(shi)”,指(zhi)示代词(ci),译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)“这(zhei)”;“非”副(fu)(fu)词(ci),表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)否定(ding);疾,文言中指(zhi)小病(bing),与现(xian)代汉语中的(de)(de)(de)“疾”表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)重(zhong)病(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同[注(zhu)意:“病(bing)”在(zai)文言中表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示“重(zhong)病(bing)”]),困(kun)于(yu)酒(jiu)(被动(dong)句,即(ji)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)酒(jiu)所(suo)困(kun)”)耳(表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)限止的(de)(de)(de)语气助词(ci),译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)“[只(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)过(guo)]……罢了”)。酒(jiu)出中山,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)醉千日(ri)。若习(xi)(习(xi)惯,经常)饮(yin)之(zhi)(zhi),故无异(yi)(异(yi)常);此翁,他乡客,安(an)能胜此杯(bei)杓(shao)(shao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)?”(“安(an)能……”,表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)反(fan)(fan)问(wen),译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)“怎(zen)么能够……呢?”;“胜”, 禁(jin)得起;“杯(bei)杓(shao)(shao)”,酒(jiu)杯(bei)和杓(shao)(shao)子。借指(zhi)饮(yin)酒(jiu))取针刺(ci)血(xue)(古代的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)治(zhi)病(bing)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)针或其他尖(jian)锐硬物刺(ci)破皮(pi)肤,使(shi)血(xue)流出来(lai),从而(er)在(zai)这(zhei)种(zhong)(zhong)刺(ci)痛中刺(ci)激神经,引起身体的(de)(de)(de)应急反(fan)(fan)应,从而(er)达到治(zhi)病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de))数(shu)处,又(you)然(ran)艾(ai)炙之(zhi)(zhi)(“然(ran)”通(tong)“燃(ran)”,动(dong)词(ci)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)动(dong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),“燃(ran)艾(ai)”,即(ji)“使(shi)艾(ai)燃(ran)”;也(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)“点燃(ran)”。“艾(ai)”,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)药(yao),通(tong)常于(yu)端午节时采摘来(lai)插(cha)在(zai)门上(shang),等它(ta)枯(ku)干后团成米(mi)团状(zhuang)等用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。治(zhi)病(bing)时将它(ta)点燃(ran),呈阴火状(zhuang)态,靠近病(bing)者相关穴位炙烤以(yi)刺(ci)激相关神经,从而(er)达到治(zhi)病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de),这(zhei)种(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)叫(jiao)“灸”)。须臾(很快,片刻),公(gong)(gong)觉(古今异(yi)义词(ci),意思是(shi)“醒”),谢(xie)(感谢(xie))曰:“蒙(承蒙)长者生(sheng)(sheng)我(wo)(“生(sheng)(sheng)”,使(shi)动(dong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa);“生(sheng)(sheng)我(wo)”即(ji)“使(shi)我(wo)生(sheng)(sheng)”,意即(ji)“救活我(wo)”),再(zai)(zai)造之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(“再(zai)(zai)造”,即(ji)“再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)”;“功(gong)(gong)”,功(gong)(gong)德,恩德)也(ye)(ye)(ye),恶(疑问(wen)副(fu)(fu)词(ci),怎(zen)么;读wū)能报?”长者曰:“公(gong)(gong)本(本来(lai))无疾,老朽(老年人(ren)谦(qian)称自己)何(he)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(宾(bin)语前置句,“有(you)何(he)功(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)倒装;“之(zhi)(zhi)”,助词(ci),宾(bin)语前置的(de)(de)(de)标志(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)译(yi)(yi))?”先生(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)金(jin)帛(bo)奉(送)长者,辞(推辞,拒绝)不(bu)(bu)(bu)受,曰:“吾家世(shi)(shi)业(ye)医(以(yi)医疗为(wei)(wei)(wei)职业(ye);“业(ye)”,名词(ci)的(de)(de)(de)意动(dong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)“以(yi)……为(wei)(wei)(wei)职业(ye)”),止济(ji)世(shi)(shi)活人(ren)耳,何(he)以(yi)金(jin)帛(bo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(“何(he)以(yi)……为(wei)(wei)(wei)”,固定(ding)结构,“要……做什么呢”或“哪里用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)得着……呢”)?余(第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)称代词(ci),我(wo))岂(qi)(表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)反(fan)(fan)问(wen)的(de)(de)(de)语气副(fu)(fu)词(ci),难道(dao))好货(爱财(cai),贪财(cai))贾(gǚ,商人(ren))哉(zai)(表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)反(fan)(fan)问(wen)的(de)(de)(de)语气助词(ci),可(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)“吗”)?”遗(留(liu)下,念(nian)yí;也(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)讲成“赠送”,念(nian)wèi)药(yao)数(shu)剂(量词(ci),相当于(yu)现(xian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)“付(fu)”),不(bu)(bu)(bu)索(suo)(要,索(suo)取)直(通(tong)“值”,这(zhei)里指(zhi)药(yao)钱(qian))而(er)(表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)顺承关系的(de)(de)(de)连(lian)词(ci),可(ke)译(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)“就”)去(qu)(离开)。亡是(shi)公(gong)(gong)复(副(fu)(fu)词(ci),又(you),再(zai)(zai))留(liu)兼旬(时间(jian)词(ci):一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“旬”是(shi)10天,“兼”即(ji)“倍”,所(suo)以(yi),“兼旬”指(zhi)20天)而(er)后别,惟(副(fu)(fu)词(ci),只(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)过(guo))不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)纵(放纵,不(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)控制(zhi))饮(yin)矣。
【参考译文】
《乌有先生历险记》
1乌有先(xian)生是中山一(yi)(yi)个普通百姓(xing)。他(ta)(ta)年龄将近七十岁(sui),以种植桑麻五谷来(lai)维持生活,不愿和庸俗的人为伍(wu),别人对他(ta)(ta)的毁谤与赞美全都不放在心上,人们都把他(ta)(ta)看作(zuo)通达事理(li)的人。海阳(yang)亡(读“无”音)是公,是一(yi)(yi)个道德高(gao)尚的人,年纪已经七十三岁(sui)了(le),致力于(yu)读书(shu)做(zuo)(zuo)学问(wen)。朝廷多次(ci)拿(na)官职授予他(ta)(ta),他(ta)(ta)都不上任,他(ta)(ta)说:“我(wo)只是边远小邑镇一(yi)(yi)个乡村平民,不能(neng)够胜任一(yi)(yi)个跑(pao)腿的小吏,(还(hai)能(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)什(shen)么官呢(ni)?)无是公向来(lai)与先(xian)生友(you)善,却互相分别整整一(yi)(yi)年没有见到他(ta)(ta)了(le),因而亲自(zi)赶到中山来(lai)拜访他(ta)(ta)。
2两个老(lao)(lao)(lao)头相见后非常高(gao)兴。乌(wu)有(you)(you)(you)先(xian)生说:“你打老(lao)(lao)(lao)远的地(di)方来(lai)(lai)(看(kan)(kan)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)没有(you)(you)(you)什(shen)么(me)可(ke)用来(lai)(lai)表达敬意的,可(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)寒(han)舍略(lve)微(wei)(wei)储(chu)备(bei)了些(xie)薄酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),每当初一(yi)十五(我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo))总是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)独(du)自(zi)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)喝(he),现(xian)在老(lao)(lao)(lao)朋(peng)友(you)(you)(you)光临,为(wei)什(shen)么(me)不(bu)(bu)把它(ta)拿出(chu)来(lai)(lai)一(yi)起(qi)喝(he)呢(ni)?”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)起(qi)畅快(kuai)地(di)喝(he)起(qi)来(lai)(lai),夜(ye)色将尽还没有(you)(you)(you)尽兴。第二(er)天,乌(wu)有(you)(you)(you)先(xian)生再次邀(yao)请(qing)无(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)喝(he)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),端(duan)着酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)杯(bei),评说从(cong)古至今天下太(tai)平与混(hun)乱(luan)的事(shi)情,心里(li)(li)痛快(kuai)极了,不(bu)(bu)知不(bu)(bu)觉(jue)已经酩酊(ding)大醉了。傍晚(wan),乌(wu)先(xian)生酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)意已消,可(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亡(wang)(wang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)还倒卧在地(di),气息微(wei)(wei)弱,叫他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)都不(bu)(bu)醒,(乌(wu)有(you)(you)(you)先(xian)生)非常惊慌,请(qing)来(lai)(lai)邻近的医(yi)(yi)生为(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)把脉诊(zhen)断。医(yi)(yi)生说:“危(wei)险啦!如(ru)果(guo)没有(you)(you)(you)司命(ming)之(zhi)神,谁能救(jiu)活他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)?我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)已无(wu)处施展自(zi)己(ji)的医(yi)(yi)术了。”乌(wu)有(you)(you)(you)先(xian)生没有(you)(you)(you)什(shen)么(me)办(ban)法(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)用,最终还是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)没有(you)(you)(you)任何(he)效果(guo),(先(xian)生因此)越(yue)发害怕,与老(lao)(lao)(lao)伴(ban)商议道(dao):“老(lao)(lao)(lao)朋(peng)友(you)(you)(you)前来(lai)(lai)拜访我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)而死(si)在这(zhei)里(li)(li),恐(kong)怕不(bu)(bu)行吧?(我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo))常常听说百(bai)里(li)(li)外的山(shan)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(一(yi)位)子虚长者,辈(bei)辈(bei)代代从(cong)事(shi)医(yi)(yi)生这(zhei)一(yi)职业,人(ren)(ren)们都拿“现(xian)在的太(tai)仓公(gong)(gong)和扁鹊”称赞他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)。如(ru)果(guo)真能请(qing)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)来(lai)(lai)治,那就一(yi)定能起(qi)死(si)回生了。只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)路艰(jian)险,家中(zhong)又没有(you)(you)(you)可(ke)以派遣的人(ren)(ren),拿这(zhei)件事(shi)怎(zen)么(me)办(ban)呢(ni)?”妻子说:“虽然这(zhei)样,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们终究一(yi)定有(you)(you)(you)法(fa)(fa)救(jiu)活他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)认为(wei),坐视(shi)老(lao)(lao)(lao)朋(peng)友(you)(you)(you)死(si)(而不(bu)(bu)想办(ban)法(fa)(fa)),这(zhei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)违背道(dao)义(yi)(yi)的行为(wei),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)个人(ren)(ren)认为(wei)您不(bu)(bu)应该(gai)采取这(zhei)种做(zuo)法(fa)(fa)。既损害道(dao)义(yi)(yi)又对(dui)不(bu)(bu)起(qi)朋(peng)友(you)(you)(you),这(zhei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君子感到耻辱的事(shi)。哪(na)里(li)(li)比得(de)上拼(pin)死(si)去(qu)救(jiu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)好呢(ni)?”乌(wu)有(you)(you)(you)先(xian)生觉(jue)得(de)妻子的话很正确(que),(他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)对(dui)妻子)说:“您的话很符合(he)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)的想法(fa)(fa),如(ru)果(guo)能救(jiu)活他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)为(wei)什(shen)么(me)吝惜自(zi)己(ji)这(zhei)把老(lao)(lao)(lao)骨头?即使有(you)(you)(you)什(shen)么(me)灾祸,那本(ben)来(lai)(lai)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)义(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)容辞的。”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)吩咐老(lao)(lao)(lao)伴(ban)看(kan)(kan)护亡(wang)(wang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong),自(zi)己(ji)亲自(zi)策驴(lv)连夜(ye)飞快(kuai)地(di)赶(gan)往山(shan)中(zhong)。
3当时(shi)正值六月末,伸手(shou)不(bu)(bu)见(jian)指(zhi)头(tou)(tou),每前行一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)两步(bu)都很困难。到(dao)了(le)(le)半夜,还(hai)没有走到(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)半的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)程。没过(guo)(guo)多久,乌云蔽空,雷(lei)电(dian)交加(jia)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)想到(dao)村(cun)庄(zhuang)投宿避雨,敲门时(shi)别人都不(bu)(bu)让他进(jin)去。(正在他)犹豫(yu)徘(pai)徊(huai)时(shi),突然下起雨来(lai)了(le)(le)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)即刻想到(dao)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)前曾经来(lai)过(guo)(guo)这里,村(cun)外有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座寺庙,于是(shi)借(jie)着(zhe)(zhe)闪(shan)(shan)电(dian)光找到(dao)了(le)(le)那座寺庙。先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)进(jin)了(le)(le)门,登上(shang)台阶,看见(jian)殿(dian)门虚(xu)掩着(zhe)(zhe),有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)缝隙,正准备进(jin)去。突然迅(xun)雷(lei)大(da)作,电(dian)光闪(shan)(shan)闪(shan)(shan),清清楚楚地(di)照着(zhe)(zhe)殿(dian)堂,(先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)这)才看见(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)上(shang)吊的(de)(de)(de)妇(fu)(fu)女(nv)悬挂(gua)在房(fang)梁和(he)柱头(tou)(tou)上(shang),披头(tou)(tou)散发,屈着(zhe)(zhe)颈(jing)子(zi)(zi),情(qing)形很惨。先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)猛(meng)然一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)惊,转(zhuan)身(shen)(shen)跑到(dao)屋(wu)檐下,心还(hai)在怦(peng)怦(peng)直(zhi)跳(tiao)。不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)会儿(er),看见(jian)庙门大(da)开,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)女(nv)鬼(gui)纵(zong)身(shen)(shen)跳(tiao)了(le)(le)进(jin)来(lai),令(ling)人惊骇的(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)声好像(xiang)要打(da)(da)破(po)墙壁,闪(shan)(shan)电(dian)接(jie)连不(bu)(bu)断地(di)闪(shan)(shan)着(zhe)(zhe)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)暗自忖思道:莫非是(shi)那个(ge)吊死的(de)(de)(de)妇(fu)(fu)人(的(de)(de)(de)魂)变成的(de)(de)(de)鬼(gui)吧?在闪(shan)(shan)电(dian)光下仔细看她(ta),只(见(jian))那女(nv)鬼(gui)满(man)面血污,抱(bao)着(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)死去的(de)(de)(de)婴儿(er),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)边回头(tou)(tou)看,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)边号哭着(zhe)(zhe),像(xiang)有奇冤无处申诉似(si)的(de)(de)(de)。乌有先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)凭靠(kao)着(zhe)(zhe)驴(lv)(lv)子(zi)(zi)趴(pa)下,屏住呼吸,不(bu)(bu)敢稍微动(dong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下。不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)会儿(er),驴(lv)(lv)子(zi)(zi)惊叫(jiao)起来(lai),女(nv)鬼(gui)察觉(jue)了(le)(le),怒视着(zhe)(zhe)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),好多次(ci)欲进(jin)又退。先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)胆子(zi)(zi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)向(xiang)很大(da),心想:人们(men)都说(shuo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)旦遇到(dao)鬼(gui)就必死无疑,死也就不(bu)(bu)过(guo)(guo)变成鬼(gui)罢(ba)了(le)(le),哪用害怕(她(ta))呢?于是(shi)手(shou)握鞭子(zi)(zi),高声问道:“你是(shi)鬼(gui)呢,还(hai)是(shi)人呢?”女(nv)鬼(gui)绝望而凄惨地(di)长声吼叫(jiao),阴森恐怖(bu)地(di)想要击(ji)打(da)(da)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)吓得(de)头(tou)(tou)发向(xiang)上(shang)直(zhi)竖,急忙用鞭子(zi)(zi)去击(ji)打(da)(da)她(ta),(正好)击(ji)中了(le)(le)鬼(gui)的(de)(de)(de)头(tou)(tou)部,(女(nv)鬼(gui))立即倒在地(di)上(shang)。(先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng))于是(shi)牵(qian)着(zhe)(zhe)驴(lv)(lv)子(zi)(zi)奔出庙,飞身(shen)(shen)骑上(shang)驴(lv)(lv)子(zi)(zi)逃走了(le)(le)。
4直到(dao)(dao)天亮后,天气才(cai)开(kai)始放晴。(先生(sheng))疲倦极了(le)(le)(le),但考虑到(dao)(dao)亡是公生(sheng)死(si)不(bu)(bu)明,想尽早(zao)地赶(gan)到(dao)(dao)山(shan)(shan)中,不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)停下来(lai)(lai)(lai)休息一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下。过了(le)(le)(le)午时,才(cai)开(kai)始进山(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)口有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家茅(mao)店,(先生(sheng)上(shang)前(qian))打听子(zi)虚(xu)长者的(de)(de)住处,知道(dao)(dao)长者住在(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)北面,可(ke)是,群山(shan)(shan)连(lian)绵,纵横在(zai)(zai)前(qian),几(ji)乎没(mei)有(you)空缺的(de)(de)地方(fang),于是把驴子(zi)寄放在(zai)(zai)店主家里(li),徒步而往前(qian)走。沿着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)山(shan)(shan)路(lu)走了(le)(le)(le)十里(li)左(zuo)右,忽(hu)然(ran)听到(dao)(dao)丛(cong)林中传来(lai)(lai)(lai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)声呼(hu)哨,很快就看见(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)伙强(qiang)盗(dao)摆开(kai)阵势阻挡在(zai)(zai)他(ta)(ta)前(qian)面,领(ling)头(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)又高(gao)又大(da)(da),面色(se)黝黑胡须浓密。跟随在(zai)(zai)后面的(de)(de)大(da)(da)约有(you)几(ji)十个(ge)骑兵,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)多个(ge)步行的(de)(de)士兵紧随他(ta)(ta)们身后。(他(ta)(ta)们)全(quan)都穿着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)铠(kai)甲,手(shou)(shou)拿武器。其中一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)大(da)(da)声吼道(dao)(dao):“我(wo)们大(da)(da)王在(zai)(zai)此,为什(shen)么(me)不(bu)(bu)下跪(gui)!”乌有(you)先生(sheng)想快步躲避已(yi)(yi)经来(lai)(lai)(lai)不(bu)(bu)及了(le)(le)(le),最终束手(shou)(shou)就擒。领(ling)头(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)跳下马(ma)来(lai)(lai)(lai),坐(zuo)在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)石(shi)上(shang)面,直伸两脚,手(shou)(shou)握(wo)剑柄(bing),直瞪着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)他(ta)(ta),声音(yin)像小(xiao)老虎(hu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)样吼道(dao)(dao):“你给我(wo)过来(lai)(lai)(lai)!我(wo)是这(zhei)山(shan)(shan)寨的(de)(de)主人(ren)(ren),从我(wo)占山(shan)(shan)称雄以(yi)来(lai)(lai)(lai)已(yi)(yi)经十多年了(le)(le)(le),连(lian)官军都不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)侵(qin)犯我(wo)的(de)(de)地盘,你是哪来(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)狂妄之徒,竟然(ran)胆敢(gan)擅自闯进我(wo)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)寨,难(nan)道(dao)(dao)想让(rang)(rang)我(wo)的(de)(de)刀染上(shang)鲜血吗!”先生(sheng)像蛇一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)样在(zai)(zai)地上(shang)爬着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)前(qian)进,然(ran)后长跪(gui)着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)哭诉(su)道(dao)(dao):请(qing)允许我(wo)说(shuo)(shuo)明事情的(de)(de)原(yuan)委,希望(wang)大(da)(da)王垂(chui)听。小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)是中山(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)百(bai)姓(xing),友人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)病,危在(zai)(zai)旦夕,我(wo)不(bu)(bu)忍心眼(yan)睁(zheng)睁(zheng)看着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)他(ta)(ta)死(si)去(qu)(qu),所以(yi)才(cai)进山(shan)(shan)去(qu)(qu)请(qing)子(zi)虚(xu)长者,以(yi)便(bian)(bian)延(yan)续(xu)朋友的(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming),慌忙中走错了(le)(le)(le)路(lu),因此误入贵寨,罪(zui)该万(wan)死(si)。我(wo)自己(ji)(ji)死(si)去(qu)(qu)原(yuan)本不(bu)(bu)值得吝惜,只不(bu)(bu)过以(yi)不(bu)(bu)能请(qing)医生(sheng)去(qu)(qu)救(jiu)活我(wo)的(de)(de)朋友为遗憾罢了(le)(le)(le),希望(wang)大(da)(da)王可(ke)怜(lian)我(wo)。”话刚说(shuo)(shuo)完,泪如雨下。领(ling)头(tou)(tou)人(ren)(ren)说(shuo)(shuo)道(dao)(dao):“照这(zhei)么(me)说(shuo)(shuo)来(lai)(lai)(lai),您(nin)(nin)(nin)倒是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)讲义气的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)。”(然(ran)后)回(hui)头(tou)(tou)对他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)部(bu)下说(shuo)(shuo):“杀死(si)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)侠义之士,没(mei)有(you)什(shen)么(me)比这(zhei)更不(bu)(bu)吉祥了(le)(le)(le)。放了(le)(le)(le)他(ta)(ta),以(yi)便(bian)(bian)让(rang)(rang)他(ta)(ta)实现自己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)心愿,并且,这(zhei)样也(ye)可(ke)勉励所有(you)爱(ai)好正义的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)!”接(jie)着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)又对乌有(you)先生(sheng)说(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)们这(zhei)些(xie)人(ren)(ren)虽(sui)然(ran)啸聚(ju)山(shan)(shan)林,但决不(bu)(bu)是普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)强(qiang)盗(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)类的(de)(de),您(nin)(nin)(nin)不(bu)(bu)要怕。子(zi)虚(xu)长者,是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)宅心仁厚的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren),住在(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)北,您(nin)(nin)(nin)必须登上(shang)山(shan)(shan)顶(ding)然(ran)后从北坡往下走,才(cai)能够到(dao)(dao)他(ta)(ta)家。赶(gan)快去(qu)(qu)找(zhao)他(ta)(ta)以(yi)便(bian)(bian)救(jiu)你的(de)(de)朋友;可(ke)是子(zi)虚(xu)长者常(chang)常(chang)到(dao)(dao)千山(shan)(shan)万(wan)壑间去(qu)(qu)采(cai)药,连(lian)我(wo)们这(zhei)些(xie)人(ren)(ren)都很少遇见(jian)(jian)他(ta)(ta),可(ke)能您(nin)(nin)(nin)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)能见(jian)(jian)到(dao)(dao)他(ta)(ta)哦。”乌有(you)先生(sheng)拜(bai)了(le)(le)(le)两拜(bai)表示谢意,然(ran)后便(bian)(bian)离开(kai)了(le)(le)(le)。
5(乌有(you)先(xian)生继续(xu))往(wang)(wang)前走,山越来越深,最(zui)后迷(mi)了(le)路。先(xian)生顺着(zhe)高峻无路处(chu)往(wang)(wang)上爬,拔开荆(jing)棘,攀着(zhe)藤葛,踩着(zhe)流石,趟过溪涧(jian);翻过峭壁,越登(deng)越高,越走越远(yuan),人已精疲(pi)力竭却仍然(ran)(ran)没能登(deng)上山顶。忽然(ran)(ran)看见了(le)老(lao)虎的(de)脚印,像升(sheng)子那么大;不一(yi)会儿,只(zhi)听见一(yi)声(sheng)(sheng)巨(ju)大的(de)虎啸声(sheng)(sheng),四面山谷回声(sheng)(sheng)震(zhen)荡,树林山泉都战栗起(qi)来。声(sheng)(sheng)音刚(gang)刚(gang)停(ting)止,一(yi)只(zhi)饿(e)虎出现(xian)在树林草丛间,贪婪凶(xiong)狠地瞪着(zhe)他。先(xian)生暗(an)想(xiang)这次必死(si)无疑(yi)了(le),(于是)长(zhang)叹道(dao):“没想(xiang)到今天竟然(ran)(ran)死(si)在这野(ye)兽的(de)嘴(zui)里!”
6先生(sheng)正闭着(zhe)(zhe)眼睛等(deng)死(si),(却)听到(dao)老(lao)虎(hu)惨叫,他(ta)(ta)对此感到(dao)非常奇怪,便(bian)(bian)睁开(kai)眼睛看,原(yuan)来(lai)(lai),一(yi)(yi)只箭已(yi)经射穿了(le)(le)(le)老(lao)虎(hu)的(de)喉咙(long)了(le)(le)(le)。不(bu)一(yi)(yi)会(hui)儿,看见(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)个(ge)老(lao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)手拿箭弓站(zhan)在(zai)崖上(shang),上(shang)穿短衣,下(xia)著草鞋,没(mei)(mei)戴帽子(zi),没(mei)(mei)穿袜(wa)子(zi),胡须眉毛全都白了(le)(le)(le),脸色像(xiang)朱砂一(yi)(yi)样红(hong)润,很像(xiang)一(yi)(yi)个(ge)仙人(ren)(ren)(ren)。先生(sheng)急(ji)忙跑上(shang)前(qian)去,拜见(jian)(jian)老(lao)人(ren)(ren)(ren),不(bu)敢怠慢(man)。老(lao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)问(wen)道(dao)(dao):“你(ni)(ni)是(shi)(shi)干(gan)什(shen)么(me)的(de)?来(lai)(lai)自(zi)(zi)何处(chu)?将去哪里(li)?”先生(sheng)把(ba)事(shi)(shi)情(qing)的(de)原(yuan)委和自(zi)(zi)己是(shi)(shi)从哪里(li)来(lai)(lai)等(deng)情(qing)况(kuang)一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)告诉了(le)(le)(le)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。老(lao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)笑(xiao)着(zhe)(zhe)说(shuo):“我(wo)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)子(zi)虚(xu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。寒舍(she)就(jiu)在(zai)附近,你(ni)(ni)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要到(dao)寒舍(she)坐(zuo)坐(zuo)。”于是(shi)(shi)便(bian)(bian)带(dai)(dai)领先生(sheng)到(dao)他(ta)(ta)家中(zhong)去,杀鸡煮饭来(lai)(lai)给他(ta)(ta)吃(chi)。先生(sheng)请求道(dao)(dao):“事(shi)(shi)情(qing)太(tai)紧迫了(le)(le)(le)!求长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)赶快(kuai)前(qian)去,希望有(you)那(nei)么(me)一(yi)(yi)点点(救我(wo)朋(peng)友)的(de)可(ke)能(neng)。如果不(bu)快(kuai)去,时(shi)间就(jiu)来(lai)(lai)不(bu)及(ji)了(le)(le)(le)。”长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)问(wen)道(dao)(dao):“病(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)与你(ni)(ni)相比(bi),哪个(ge)更(geng)大(da)?”先生(sheng)答道(dao)(dao):“(他(ta)(ta))比(bi)我(wo)大(da)四岁(sui)。”长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)又问(wen)了(le)(le)(le)病(bing)情(qing),然(ran)后(hou)说(shuo):“不(bu)用担(dan)忧!明天(tian)(tian)一(yi)(yi)早我(wo)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)与您(nin)一(yi)(yi)同前(qian)往。”先生(sheng)说(shuo)道(dao)(dao)路艰险,怕(pa)因留宿延误了(le)(le)(le)时(shi)机。长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)说(shuo):“后(hou)山有(you)一(yi)(yi)条平坦(tan)的(de)路,到(dao)达(da)中(zhong)山,只不(bu)过(guo)半天(tian)(tian)时(shi)间而已(yi)。”第二天(tian)(tian)凌晨(chen),长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)便(bian)(bian)带(dai)(dai)着(zhe)(zhe)装药的(de)口袋骑着(zhe)(zhe)健(jian)壮的(de)驴子(zi),与先生(sheng)一(yi)(yi)起出发(fa)(fa)。不(bu)久,他(ta)(ta)们(men)便(bian)(bian)来(lai)(lai)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)山口,先生(sheng)取出自(zi)(zi)己寄(ji)放的(de)驴子(zi),与长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)齐沿着(zhe)(zhe)大(da)路策驴飞奔,途中(zhong)经过(guo)先前(qian)进过(guo)的(de)寺庙,先生(sheng)于是(shi)(shi)说(shuo)到(dao)自(zi)(zi)己遇(yu)鬼的(de)事(shi)(shi)情(qing),指着(zhe)(zhe)寺庙给长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)看,向他(ta)(ta)说(shuo):“此座寺庙,就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)遇(yu)见(jian)(jian)鬼的(de)地(di)方。我(wo)当时(shi)还(认(ren)为)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)会(hui)死(si)在(zai)这里(li)哩。”长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)笑(xiao)着(zhe)(zhe)说(shuo):“咦!先生(sheng)不(bu)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)太(tai)糊涂了(le)(le)(le)吗!鬼神只不(bu)过(guo)是(shi)(shi)心中(zhong)(妄想变现出来(lai)(lai))的(de)虚(xu)幻的(de)影子(zi)罢(ba)了(le)(le)(le),怎么(me)可(ke)能(neng)加祸于人(ren)(ren)(ren)呢!你(ni)(ni)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)个(ge)有(you)智慧的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren),为什(shen)么(me)相信这种无(wu)稽之(zhi)谈呢?”恰好遇(yu)到(dao)寺庙旁边(bian)有(you)五六个(ge)农夫,他(ta)(ta)们(men)停下(xia)耕(geng)种,坐(zuo)在(zai)田(tian)埂上(shang)休息。长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)陪同先生(sheng)走(zou)上(shang)前(qian)去向他(ta)(ta)们(men)打听这件(jian)事(shi)(shi),并讲(jiang)述(shu)了(le)(le)(le)前(qian)天(tian)(tian)晚上(shang)看到(dao)的(de)事(shi)(shi)情(qing)。农夫掩着(zhe)(zhe)嘴,呵呵地(di)笑(xiao),说(shuo):“你(ni)(ni)搞错了(le)(le)(le)!那(nei)个(ge)吊(diao)死(si)的(de)妇人(ren)(ren)(ren),是(shi)(shi)我(wo)们(men)村上(shang)王某(mou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)小妾,不(bu)能(neng)被(bei)凶恶的(de)婆(po)婆(po)和丈夫的(de)正妻(qi)所容,因而在(zai)庙里(li)上(shang)吊(diao)自(zi)(zi)杀了(le)(le)(le)。您(nin)看见(jian)(jian)的(de)那(nei)个(ge)“女鬼”,是(shi)(shi)我(wo)村李某(mou)的(de)妻(qi)子(zi)。家一(yi)(yi)向贫困,今年又歉(qian)收,赋税(shui)又重,没(mei)(mei)吃(chi)没(mei)(mei)穿的(de),丈夫刚(gang)刚(gang)死(si)了(le)(le)(le),她(ta)儿子(zi)昨天(tian)(tian)又短命死(si)了(le)(le)(le)。她(ta)呼天(tian)(tian)抢地(di),悲痛欲(yu)绝,由于悲伤过(guo)度,着(zhe)(zhe)了(le)(le)(le)邪(xie)魔,半夜三更(geng)狂病(bing)发(fa)(fa)作(zuo),挖(wa)开(kai)她(ta)儿子(zi)的(de)坟把(ba)儿子(zi)的(de)尸(shi)体抱(bao)回家。她(ta)自(zi)(zi)己说(shuo)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)头被(bei)庙里(li)的(de)鬼打伤了(le)(le)(le)。您(nin)如果不(bu)来(lai)(lai)问(wen)这件(jian)事(shi)(shi),怎么(me)会(hui)知道(dao)(dao)事(shi)(shi)情(qing)原(yuan)来(lai)(lai)是(shi)(shi)先生(sheng)干(gan)的(de)。”说(shuo)完,大(da)家都大(da)笑(xiao)不(bu)止(zhi)。
7等到(乌(wu)有(you)先生(sheng))返回(hui)中山,亡(wang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)还没有(you)醒转来(lai)。子虚长(zhang)者(zhe)为他(ta)诊断后(hou)说(shuo):“这(zhei)(zhei)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)病,只是(shi)(shi)(shi)被酒(jiu)(jiu)醉(zui)倒了(le)(le)。(这(zhei)(zhei)种)酒(jiu)(jiu)产(chan)于(yu)中山,喝醉(zui)一回(hui)千日不(bu)醒。你经常(chang)喝这(zhei)(zhei)种酒(jiu)(jiu),所以没有(you)什么异常(chang)反应;这(zhei)(zhei)个老头是(shi)(shi)(shi)外地(di)(di)人(ren),怎么能(neng)够(gou)受(shou)得(de)了(le)(le)这(zhei)(zhei)种酒(jiu)(jiu)呢(ni)?”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi),取出针来(lai),这(zhei)(zhei)几个地(di)(di)方刺血治疗,又点(dian)燃(ran)艾草(cao)炙烤(kao)穴位(wei)。片刻(ke)之间,亡(wang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)苏醒过来(lai),他(ta)感谢道(dao):“承蒙长(zhang)者(zhe)救(jiu)活我(wo),您给(ji)了(le)(le)我(wo)第二次生(sheng)命(ming),这(zhei)(zhei)大恩(en)大德,我(wo)怎么能(neng)够(gou)报答得(de)了(le)(le)?”长(zhang)者(zhe)说(shuo):“您老本来(lai)没病,老朽(xiu)有(you)什么功德可言?”乌(wu)有(you)先生(sheng)拿钱奉送(song)长(zhang)者(zhe),(长(zhang)者(zhe))一再(zai)推(tui)辞,不(bu)肯接(jie)受(shou),他(ta)曰:“我(wo)家辈(bei)辈(bei)代代以医病为职业,只不(bu)过想济世救(jiu)人(ren)而已(yi),还要金钱做什么呢(ni)?我(wo)难道(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一个贪爱钱财(cai)的商(shang)人(ren)吗(ma)?”最后(hou)送(song)了(le)(le)几付药给(ji)他(ta)们,没要药钱就(jiu)离开(kai)了(le)(le)。亡(wang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)又留(liu)宿了(le)(le)二十(shi)来(lai)天,然后(hou)才与(yu)乌(wu)有(you)先生(sheng)辞别而去,只是(shi)(shi)(shi)从此后(hou)再(zai)也不(bu)敢不(bu)加节制地(di)(di)喝酒(jiu)(jiu)了(le)(le)。