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论语注疏论语注疏解经序

作者:佚名 文章来源:会员上传 请你点此纠错或发表评论

●论语注疏解经序

  翰(han)林侍讲(jiang)学士朝请大夫守国(guo)(guo)子祭酒上柱国(guo)(guo)赐(ci)紫金(jin)鱼袋臣(chen)邢等奉(feng)敕校定

◎序解

[疏(shu)]正义曰:案《汉(han)书(shu)(shu)·艺(yi)文志》云:“《论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)语(yu)(yu)》者,孔(kong)子(zi)应答弟(di)(di)子(zi)、时(shi)(shi)人,及(ji)弟(di)(di)子(zi)相与(yu)言而(er)接闻於(wu)(wu)夫子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)。当(dang)时(shi)(shi)弟(di)(di)子(zi)各有所(suo)(suo)记,夫子(zi)既(ji)(ji)卒,门人相与(yu)辑而(er)论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)纂,故谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)语(yu)(yu)》。”然则夫子(zi)既(ji)(ji)终,微言已绝,弟(di)(di)子(zi)恐离居已後,各生(sheng)(sheng)异见,而(er)圣言永灭,故相与(yu)论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)撰,因采时(shi)(shi)贤及(ji)古(gu)(gu)明王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语(yu)(yu)合(he)成(cheng)一(yi)法,谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)语(yu)(yu)》也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)玄云:“仲弓、子(zi)游、子(zi)夏等撰定。论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)者,纶(lun)也(ye)(ye),轮也(ye)(ye),理(li)也(ye)(ye),次也(ye)(ye),撰也(ye)(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)此书(shu)(shu)可以(yi)(yi)经纶(lun)世务,故曰纶(lun)也(ye)(ye);圆转无穷(qiong),故曰轮也(ye)(ye);蕴含万理(li),故曰理(li)也(ye)(ye);篇(pian)章有序(xu),故曰次也(ye)(ye);群贤集定,故曰撰也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)玄《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》注云“答述(shu)曰语(yu)(yu)”,以(yi)(yi)此书(shu)(shu)所(suo)(suo)载(zai)皆仲尼(ni)应答弟(di)(di)子(zi)及(ji)时(shi)(shi)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞,故曰语(yu)(yu)。而(er)在论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)下(xia)(xia)者,必经论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)撰,然後载(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)示非(fei)妄谬也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)其(qi)口相传(chuan)授,故经焚书(shu)(shu)而(er)独(du)存也(ye)(ye)。汉(han)兴,传(chuan)者则有三家,《鲁(lu)(lu)论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)语(yu)(yu)》者,鲁(lu)(lu)人所(suo)(suo)传(chuan),即今所(suo)(suo)行篇(pian)次是也(ye)(ye)。常山都(dou)尉(wei)龚奋、长信少府夏侯(hou)(hou)胜(sheng)、丞相韦贤及(ji)子(zi)玄成(cheng)、鲁(lu)(lu)扶卿太子(zi)太傅夏侯(hou)(hou)建、前将军萧望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并(bing)传(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),各自(zi)名(ming)家。《齐(qi)论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)》者,齐(qi)人所(suo)(suo)传(chuan),别有《问(wen)王(wang)》、《知道》二(er)篇(pian),凡二(er)十一(yi)篇(pian),其(qi)二(er)十篇(pian)中,章句颇多於(wu)(wu)《鲁(lu)(lu)论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)》,昌邑中尉(wei)王(wang)吉、少府朱畸、琅邪王(wang)卿、御史大夫贡禹(yu)(yu)、尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)令五鹿(lu)充宗、胶东庸(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)并(bing)传(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),唯王(wang)吉名(ming)家。《古(gu)(gu)论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)语(yu)(yu)》者,出自(zi)孔(kong)氏(shi)壁中,凡二(er)十一(yi)篇(pian),有两《子(zi)张(zhang)(zhang)》篇(pian),次不与(yu)《齐(qi)》、《鲁(lu)(lu)论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)》同,孔(kong)安(an)国(guo)为传(chuan),後汉(han)马融(rong)亦注之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。安(an)昌侯(hou)(hou)张(zhang)(zhang)禹(yu)(yu)受《鲁(lu)(lu)论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)》于夏侯(hou)(hou)建,又(you)从庸(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)、王(wang)吉受《齐(qi)论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)》,择善而(er)从,号曰“张(zhang)(zhang)侯(hou)(hou)论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)”,最後而(er)行於(wu)(wu)汉(han)世。禹(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)《论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)》授成(cheng)帝,後汉(han)包咸(xian)(xian)、周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)并(bing)为章句,列於(wu)(wu)学官。郑(zheng)玄就《鲁(lu)(lu)论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)》张(zhang)(zhang)、包、周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)章考之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《齐(qi)》、《古(gu)(gu)》,为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)注焉。魏(wei)吏部尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)何晏集孔(kong)安(an)国(guo)、包咸(xian)(xian)、周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)、马融(rong)、郑(zheng)玄、陈群、王(wang)肃(su)、周(zhou)(zhou)生(sheng)(sheng)烈(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说,并(bing)下(xia)(xia)己意,为《集解(jie)》,正始中上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),盛(sheng)行於(wu)(wu)世。今以(yi)(yi)为主焉。序(xu)者,何晏次序(xu)传(chuan)授训说之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,乃已《集解(jie)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。序(xu)为《论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)语(yu)(yu)》而(er)作,故曰《论(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)语(yu)(yu)序(xu)》。

叙曰:汉中垒(lei)校尉刘向言《鲁论语》二十篇,皆孔子弟子记诸善言也。大子大傅夏侯胜、前将军萧望(wang)之、丞相韦贤及(ji)子玄(xuan)成等传之。

[疏]“叙曰”至“传之”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue):此(ci)叙(xu)《鲁论(lun)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作及传(chuan)(chuan)授(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人也(ye)(ye)。叙(xu)与序音义(yi)同(tong)。曰(yue)者(zhe)(zhe),发语(yu)辞也(ye)(ye)。案《汉(han)书(shu)(shu)·百(bai)(bai)官公卿表(biao)(biao)》云:“中(zhong)垒校(xiao)尉掌(zhang)北军(jun)(jun)垒门(men)内(nei)(nei),外掌(zhang)西域。”颜师古(gu)曰(yue):“掌(zhang)北军(jun)(jun)垒门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)而又(you)(you)(you)外掌(zhang)西域。”刘向(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe),高(gao)祖(zu)少弟(di)(di)楚元王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou),辟︹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙,德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)。字(zi)子(zi)(zi)政,本名(ming)更(geng)生,成帝(di)(di)即(ji)位,更(geng)名(ming)向(xiang)。数上(shang)(shang)疏言(yan)得失,以(yi)(yi)向(xiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)垒校(xiao)尉。向(xiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人简易,专精思於(wu)经(jing)术。成帝(di)(di)诏校(xiao)经(jing)传(chuan)(chuan)诸(zhu)子(zi)(zi)诗(shi)(shi)赋,每一(yi)(yi)书(shu)(shu)已,向(xiang)辄(zhe)条(tiao)其(qi)篇目,撮(cuo)其(qi)指意,录(lu)(lu)而奏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),著《别录(lu)(lu)》、《新序》。此(ci)言(yan)“《鲁论(lun)语(yu)》二(er)(er)十(shi)篇,皆(jie)孔子(zi)(zi)弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)记诸(zhu)善言(yan)也(ye)(ye)”,盖出(chu)於(wu)彼,故(gu)何晏(yan)引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。对文则直言(yan)曰(yue)言(yan),答述(shu)曰(yue)语(yu),散(san)则言(yan)、语(yu)可(ke)通。故(gu)此(ci)论(lun)夫子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语(yu)而谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。《表(biao)(biao)》又(you)(you)(you)云:“太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)太(tai)(tai)傅(fu),古(gu)官,秩二(er)(er)千石。”《传(chuan)(chuan)》云:“夏(xia)侯胜(sheng)字(zi)长(zhang)(zhang)公,东平人,少好学(xue)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)学(xue)精熟,善说礼服,徵为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)博士。宣(xuan)(xuan)帝(di)(di)立,太(tai)(tai)后(hou)(hou)省政,胜(sheng)以(yi)(yi)《尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)》授(shou)(shou)太(tai)(tai)后(hou)(hou),迁(qian)(qian)(qian)长(zhang)(zhang)信少府。坐议庙乐(le)事(shi)下狱,系再更(geng)冬,会(hui)赦,出(chu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)谏大(da)(da)夫。上(shang)(shang)知胜(sheng)素直,复为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)信少府。迁(qian)(qian)(qian)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)太(tai)(tai)傅(fu)。受诏撰《尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)》、《论(lun)语(yu)》说,赐(ci)(ci)黄(huang)(huang)金(jin)百(bai)(bai)斤。年(nian)(nian)九十(shi)卒官,赐(ci)(ci)冢茔,葬(zang)平陵。太(tai)(tai)后(hou)(hou)赐(ci)(ci)钱三百(bai)(bai)万,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)胜(sheng)素服五日,以(yi)(yi)报师傅(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩(en)。儒者(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)荣。始,胜(sheng)每讲授(shou)(shou),常谓诸(zhu)生曰(yue):‘士病(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)经(jing)术,经(jing)术苟(gou)明(ming),其(qi)取(qu)青紫如俯拾地芥耳。学(xue)经(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming),不(bu)(bu)(bu)如亲耕。’《表(biao)(biao)》又(you)(you)(you)云:“前(qian)、後(hou)、左(zuo)(zuo)、右将军(jun)(jun),皆(jie)周末官,秦因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),位上(shang)(shang)卿,金(jin)印紫绶,汉(han)不(bu)(bu)(bu)常置。或有前(qian)、後(hou),或有左(zuo)(zuo)、右,皆(jie)掌(zhang)兵(bing)。”及《四夷传(chuan)(chuan)》云:“萧望(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)长(zhang)(zhang)倩,东海兰陵人也(ye)(ye)。好学(xue)《齐诗(shi)(shi)》,事(shi)同(tong)县(xian)后(hou)(hou)仓,又(you)(you)(you)从(cong)夏(xia)侯胜(sheng)问《论(lun)语(yu)》、礼服,以(yi)(yi)射策甲科(ke)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)郎(lang),累迁(qian)(qian)(qian)谏大(da)(da)夫,後(hou)代丙吉为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)御(yu)史大(da)(da)夫,左(zuo)(zuo)迁(qian)(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)太(tai)(tai)傅(fu)。及宣(xuan)(xuan)帝(di)(di)寝(qin)疾,选大(da)(da)臣可(ke)属者(zhe)(zhe)引至(zhi)禁中(zhong),拜(bai)望(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)前(qian)将军(jun)(jun)。元帝(di)(di)即(ji)位,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)弘恭、石显等所(suo)害,饮鸩自杀。天子(zi)(zi)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),惊拊手为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食,涕泣(qi)哀恸左(zuo)(zuo)右。长(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi)嗣为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)关内(nei)(nei)侯。”《表(biao)(biao)》又(you)(you)(you)云:“相(xiang)国、丞(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)皆(jie)秦官,金(jin)印紫绶,掌(zhang)丞(cheng)(cheng)天子(zi)(zi),助理万机。”应劭曰(yue):“丞(cheng)(cheng),承也(ye)(ye);相(xiang),助也(ye)(ye)。”“秦有左(zuo)(zuo)、右,高(gao)帝(di)(di)即(ji)位,置一(yi)(yi)丞(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)。十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)更(geng)名(ming)相(xiang)国,绿绶。孝(xiao)惠、高(gao)后(hou)(hou)置左(zuo)(zuo)、右丞(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang),文帝(di)(di)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)丞(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang),哀帝(di)(di)元寿二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)更(geng)名(ming)大(da)(da)司徒。”《传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue):“韦贤字(zi)长(zhang)(zhang)孺,鲁国邹人也(ye)(ye)。贤为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人质朴少欲,笃志於(wu)学(xue),兼(jian)通《礼》、《尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)》,以(yi)(yi)《诗(shi)(shi)》教授(shou)(shou),号(hao)称邹鲁大(da)(da)儒,徵为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)博士、给事(shi)中(zhong),进(jin)授(shou)(shou)昭(zhao)(zhao)帝(di)(di)《诗(shi)(shi)》,稍迁(qian)(qian)(qian)光禄大(da)(da)夫。及宣(xuan)(xuan)帝(di)(di)即(ji)位,以(yi)(yi)先帝(di)(di)师,甚见尊重。本始三年(nian)(nian),代蔡义(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)丞(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang),封扶阳(yang)侯,年(nian)(nian)七十(shi)馀,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)相(xiang)五岁。地节三年(nian)(nian),以(yi)(yi)老(lao)病(bing)乞骸骨,赐(ci)(ci)黄(huang)(huang)金(jin)百(bai)(bai)斤,罢归,加赐(ci)(ci)第一(yi)(yi)区。丞(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)致仕,自贤始。年(nian)(nian)八十(shi)二(er)(er)薨(hong),谥(shi)曰(yue)节侯。少子(zi)(zi)玄(xuan)成字(zi)少翁(weng),“复以(yi)(yi)明(ming)经(jing)历(li)位至(zhi)丞(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang),邹、鲁谚曰(yue):‘遗子(zi)(zi)黄(huang)(huang)金(jin)满(man)ぷ,不(bu)(bu)(bu)如一(yi)(yi)经(jing)。’玄(xuan)成为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)相(xiang)七年(nian)(nian),建昭(zhao)(zhao)三年(nian)(nian)薨(hong),谥(shi)曰(yue)共侯。”此(ci)四人皆(jie)传(chuan)(chuan)《鲁论(lun)语(yu)》。

《齐(qi)论语》二十二篇(pian),其二十篇(pian)中,章句颇多於《鲁论》。琅邪王卿及胶(jiao)东(dong)庸生(sheng)、昌(chang)邑(yi)中尉王吉皆以教(jiao)授。

[疏]“齐论”至“教授”。
  ○正义曰:此叙《齐论(lun)(lun)语》之兴及传(chuan)授(shou)之人也(ye)。《齐论(lun)(lun)语》凡二十(shi)二篇(pian)(pian)(pian),其二十(shi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)名(ming)与《鲁(lu)论(lun)(lun)》正同,其篇(pian)(pian)(pian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)章(zhang)句(ju)则(ze)颇多於《鲁(lu)论(lun)(lun)》。篇(pian)(pian)(pian)者(zhe)(zhe),积(ji)章(zhang)而(er)成(cheng)篇(pian)(pian)(pian),遍也(ye),言(yan)出情铺事明而(er)遍者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。积(ji)句(ju)以(yi)成(cheng)章(zhang),章(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe),明也(ye),总义包(bao)体所以(yi)明情者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。句(ju)必(bi)联字而(er)言(yan),句(ju)者(zhe)(zhe),局也(ye),联字分(fen)疆,所以(yi)局言(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。琅邪、胶(jiao)东,郡国名(ming)。王卿,天汉(han)元年(nian)由(you)济南太守(shou)为御(yu)史(shi)大(da)夫。庸(yong)生(sheng)名(ming)谭生(sheng),盖古谓有(you)德者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。昌邑中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)者(zhe)(zhe),《表》云:“诸侯王,高帝初(chu)置,金玺绶,掌治(zhi)其国。有(you)太傅(fu)辅王,内史(shi)治(zhi)国民(min),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)掌武职(zhi),丞(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)统众官。景帝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)五年(nian),改丞(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)曰相(xiang)(xiang)。成(cheng)帝绥和(he)元年(nian),省(sheng)内史(shi),更令(ling)相(xiang)(xiang)治(zhi)民(min),如郡太守(shou)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)如郡都(dou)尉(wei)。”《传(chuan)》云:“王吉(ji)字子阳(yang),琅邪皋虞(yu)人也(ye)。少(shao)好学明经,以(yi)郡吏(li)举孝廉为郎(lang),补若(ruo)卢右丞(cheng),迁(qian)荧阳(yang)令(ling),举贤良为昌邑中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尉(wei)。”此三人皆以(yi)《齐论(lun)(lun)语》教授(shou)於人也(ye)。

故有(you)(you)《鲁(lu)论》、有(you)(you)《齐论》。

[疏]“故有《鲁论》有《齐论》”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:既叙《鲁(lu)论》、《齐论》之作及传述之人,乃以此言结之也。

鲁共王时,尝(chang)欲以孔子宅为宫,坏,得《古文(wen)论语》。

[疏]“鲁共”至“论语”。
  ○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue):“此(ci)叙得(de)《古论(lun)》之所(suo)由也(ye)(ye)。尝,曾也(ye)(ye)。坏(huai),毁也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)鲁(lu)共王(wang)(wang)时(shi),曾欲以(yi)(yi)孔(kong)子(zi)宅(zhai)为(wei)宫,乃毁之,於壁(bi)中故(gu)(gu)(gu)得(de)此(ci)《古文(wen)论(lun)语》也(ye)(ye)。《传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):鲁(lu)共王(wang)(wang)馀,景(jing)帝子(zi),程姬(ji)所(suo)生,“以(yi)(yi)孝景(jing)前(qian)二年立为(wei)淮(huai)阳王(wang)(wang),前(qian)三年徙王(wang)(wang)鲁(lu),二十八(ba)年薨(hong)”,谥曰(yue)(yue)共王(wang)(wang)。“初好治宫室(shi),坏(huai)孔(kong)子(zi)旧宅(zhai)以(yi)(yi)广(guang)其宫,闻锺磬琴(qin)瑟(se)之音,遂不敢复坏(huai)。於其壁(bi)中得(de)古文(wen)经(jing)(jing)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)”,即谓(wei)此(ci)《论(lun)语》及(ji)《孝经(jing)(jing)》为(wei)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)汉(han)武帝谓(wei)东方朔云:“《传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):时(shi)然後言(yan),人不厌其言(yan)。”又成帝赐翟方进《策书(shu)》云:“《传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):高而不危,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)长守贵也(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)汉(han)世通谓(wei)《论(lun)语》、《孝经(jing)(jing)》为(wei)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。以(yi)(yi)《论(lun)语》、《孝经(jing)(jing)》非先王(wang)(wang)之书(shu),是(shi)孔(kong)子(zi)所(suo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)说(shuo),故(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)之传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)异於先王(wang)(wang)之书(shu)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)古文(wen)者,科斗(dou)书(shu)也(ye)(ye),所(suo)谓(wei)仓颉本(ben)体(ti),周所(suo)用之。以(yi)(yi)今所(suo)不识,是(shi)古人所(suo)为(wei),故(gu)(gu)(gu)名古文(wen)。形多头粗(cu)尾细,状(zhuang)复团圆,似水(shui)之科斗(dou),故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)科斗(dou)也(ye)(ye)。

《齐(qi)论(lun)(lun)》有(you)(you)《问王》、《知道》,多於《鲁论(lun)(lun)》二篇。《古论(lun)(lun)》亦无此二篇,分《尧曰》下章“子(zi)(zi)张(zhang)问”以为一篇,有(you)(you)两《子(zi)(zi)张(zhang)》,凡二十一篇。篇次不与(yu)《齐(qi)》、《鲁论(lun)(lun)》同。

[疏]“齐论”至“鲁论同”。
  ○正义曰:此(ci)辨三《论(lun)(lun)(lun)》篇(pian)章之(zhi)异(yi)也。《齐论(lun)(lun)(lun)》有《问(wen)王(wang)(wang)》、《知(zhi)道》,多於《鲁论(lun)(lun)(lun)》二(er)(er)篇(pian),所谓《齐论(lun)(lun)(lun)语》二(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)篇(pian)也。《古论(lun)(lun)(lun)》亦(yi)无此(ci)《问(wen)王(wang)(wang)》、《知(zhi)道》二(er)(er)篇(pian),非但《鲁论(lun)(lun)(lun)》无之(zhi),《古论(lun)(lun)(lun)》亦(yi)无也。《古论(lun)(lun)(lun)》亦(yi)无此(ci)二(er)(er)篇(pian),而分(fen)《尧(yao)曰》下章“子(zi)张问(wen)”以(yi)为一(yi)篇(pian),有两《子(zi)张》,凡二(er)(er)十(shi)一(yi)篇(pian)。如(ru)淳曰:“分(fen)《尧(yao)曰》篇(pian)後(hou)“子(zi)张问(wen):何如(ru)可以(yi)从(cong)政(zheng)”以(yi)下为篇(pian)名,曰《从(cong)政(zheng)》。其(qi)篇(pian)次又不与《齐》、《鲁论(lun)(lun)(lun)》同(tong)。《新(xin)论(lun)(lun)(lun)》云:“文异(yi)者四百馀字(zi)。”

安昌侯(hou)张禹本(ben)受《鲁论(lun)》,兼讲《齐》说,善者从(cong)之,号曰(yue)“张侯(hou)论(lun)”,为世所贵。包(bao)氏、周氏《章句(ju)》出焉。

[疏]“安昌侯”至“出焉”。
  ○正义曰(yue):此言(yan)张禹(yu)(yu)(yu)择《齐》、《鲁论(lun)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善者(zhe)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)世(shi)所(suo)(suo)重,包(bao)、周(zhou)二(er)氏为(wei)(wei)(wei)《章(zhang)(zhang)句(ju)》训说(shuo)此张侯(hou)《论(lun)语(yu)》也(ye)。《传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue):“张禹(yu)(yu)(yu)字子(zi)文,河内(nei)轵人(ren)也(ye)。从沛郡施(shi)雠受(shou)《易》,王阳(yang)、庸生(sheng)(sheng)问(wen)《论(lun)语(yu)》,既皆(jie)明习,举为(wei)(wei)(wei)郡文学。久(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)试为(wei)(wei)(wei)博士(shi)。初,元(yuan)中立皇(huang)太子(zi),令(ling)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)授(shou)太子(zi)《论(lun)语(yu)》,由是迁光禄大(da)(da)夫,数岁(sui)出为(wei)(wei)(wei)东平(ping)(ping)内(nei)史。成(cheng)帝(di)即位(wei),徵禹(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)师,赐(ci)爵(jue)关(guan)内(nei)侯(hou)、给事(shi)(shi)中领(ling)尚(shang)书事(shi)(shi)。河平(ping)(ping)四年,代(dai)王商(shang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)丞相,封安(an)昌侯(hou)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)相六岁(sui),乞骸就(jiu)第。建平(ping)(ping)二(er)年薨,谥曰(yue)节侯(hou)。禹(yu)(yu)(yu)本受(shou)《鲁论(lun)》於夏(xia)侯(hou)建,又(you)从庸生(sheng)(sheng)、王吉受(shou)《齐论(lun)》,故兼讲《齐》说(shuo)也(ye)。”《传(chuan)(chuan)》又(you)云(yun):“始(shi)鲁扶卿(qing)及夏(xia)侯(hou)胜、王阳(yang)、萧(xiao)望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、韦(wei)玄(xuan)成(cheng)皆(jie)说(shuo)《论(lun)语(yu)》,篇第或(huo)异,禹(yu)(yu)(yu)先事(shi)(shi)王阳(yang),後从庸生(sheng)(sheng),采(cai)获所(suo)(suo)安(an),最(zui)後出而(er)尊贵(gui),诸儒为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语(yu)曰(yue)‘欲(yu)不(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)《论(lun)》,念张文’。由是学者(zhe)多从张氏,馀(yu)家浸微。”是“其(qi)(qi)善者(zhe)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),号(hao)曰(yue)‘张侯(hou)论(lun)’,为(wei)(wei)(wei)世(shi)所(suo)(suo)贵(gui)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。《後汉·儒林传(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun):“包(bao)咸字子(zi)良(liang),会(hui)稽曲阿人(ren)也(ye)。少为(wei)(wei)(wei)诸生(sheng)(sheng),昌《鲁诗》、《论(lun)语(yu)》,举孝廉,除(chu)郎(lang)中。建武(wu)中入(ru)授(shou)皇(huang)太子(zi)《论(lun)语(yu)》,又(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)《章(zhang)(zhang)句(ju)》,拜(bai)谏议(yi)大(da)(da)夫。永(yong)平(ping)(ping)五年,迁大(da)(da)鸿胪。”周(zhou)氏不(bu)详何(he)人(ren)。章(zhang)(zhang)句(ju)者(zhe),训解(jie)科段之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),包(bao)氏、周(zhou)氏就(jiu)张侯(hou)《论(lun)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《章(zhang)(zhang)句(ju)》,训解(jie)以(yi)出其(qi)(qi)义理焉。不(bu)言(yan)名(ming)而(er)言(yan)氏者(zhe),盖为(wei)(wei)(wei)《章(zhang)(zhang)句(ju)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),义在谦退,不(bu)欲(yu)显题其(qi)(qi)名(ming),但(dan)欲(yu)传(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)私族,故直云(yun)氏而(er)已。若杜(du)元(yuan)凯集解(jie)《春秋》谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杜(du)氏也(ye)。或(huo)曰(yue):以(yi)何(he)氏讳咸,故没其(qi)(qi)名(ming),但(dan)言(yan)包(bao)氏,连言(yan)周(zhou)氏耳。

《古论(lun)》唯博士孔(kong)安国为之训解,而世(shi)不传,至顺帝时(shi),南郡(jun)大守(shou)马融(rong)亦为之训说(shuo)。

[疏]“古论”至“训说”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:此叙训(xun)(xun)说《古(gu)文论(lun)语(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)也(ye)。《史记(ji)·世(shi)家》:安国,孔子(zi)十(shi)一世(shi)孙,为(wei)(wei)(wei)武帝(di)(di)博(bo)士。时(shi)鲁(lu)共王(wang)坏孔子(zi)旧宅,壁(bi)中得(de)古(gu)文虞夏商(shang)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书及传(chuan)(chuan)《论(lun)语(yu)》、《孝经(jing)(jing)》,悉还孔氏,故(gu)(gu)(gu)安国承诏作(zuo)《书传(chuan)(chuan)》,又作(zuo)《古(gu)文孝经(jing)(jing)传(chuan)(chuan)》,亦(yi)作(zuo)《论(lun)语(yu)训(xun)(xun)解》。《释(shi)诂(gu)》云(yun):“训(xun)(xun),道也(ye)。”然则道其(qi)(qi)义(yi)、释(shi)其(qi)(qi)理(li)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)训(xun)(xun)解,以传(chuan)(chuan)述言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰传(chuan)(chuan),以释(shi)理(li)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰训(xun)(xun)解,其(qi)(qi)实一也(ye)。以武帝(di)(di)末年(nian)(nian)遭巫蛊事(shi),经(jing)(jing)籍道息,故(gu)(gu)(gu)世(shi)不传(chuan)(chuan)。自(zi)此安国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後,至(zhi)後汉(han)顺帝(di)(di)时(shi),有南郡太守(shou)马(ma)融(rong)亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)《古(gu)文论(lun)语(yu)训(xun)(xun)说》。案(an)《後汉(han)·纪》:“孝顺皇帝(di)(di)讳(hui)保,安帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)也(ye)。”《地理(li)志》云(yun):“南郡,秦置(zhi),高(gao)帝(di)(di)元年(nian)(nian)更(geng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)临江郡,五年(nian)(nian)复(fu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)。景帝(di)(di)二年(nian)(nian)复(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)临江郡,中二年(nian)(nian)复(fu)故(gu)(gu)(gu),属荆州。”《表》云(yun):“郡守(shou),秦官,掌治(zhi)其(qi)(qi)郡,秩二千石。景帝(di)(di)中二年(nian)(nian)更(geng)名太守(shou)。”《传(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun):“马(ma)融(rong)字(zi)季(ji)长,扶风茂陵人(ren)也(ye)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)美(mei)辞貌,有俊才(cai),博(bo)通经(jing)(jing)籍,永(yong)初(chu)中为(wei)(wei)(wei)校(xiao)书郎。阳嘉二年(nian)(nian),拜议郎,梁商(shang)表为(wei)(wei)(wei)从事(shi)中郎,转武都太守(shou),三(san)迁(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)南郡太守(shou),注《孝经(jing)(jing)》、《论(lun)语(yu)》、《诗》、《易》、《尚书》、三(san)《礼》。年(nian)(nian)八十(shi)八,延寿九年(nian)(nian)卒於(wu)家。

汉末,大司农郑玄就《鲁论》篇章(zhang)考之《齐》、《古》,为之注。

[疏]“汉末”至“之注”。
  ○正义(yi)(yi)曰:言郑(zheng)玄(xuan)亦为(wei)《论(lun)(lun)语(yu)》之(zhi)注(zhu)(zhu)也。郑(zheng)玄(xuan)字康(kang)成,北海高(gao)密县(xian)人(ren),师事(shi)马融。大司农徵不起(qi),居家(jia)教授,当後汉桓、灵时,故云汉末(mo)。注(zhu)(zhu)《易》、《尚书》、三《礼》、《论(lun)(lun)语(yu)》、《尚书大传》、五经(jing)纬(wei)候,笺(jian)《毛诗(shi)(shi)》,作(zuo)《毛诗(shi)(shi)谱》。破(po)许慎《五经(jing)异义(yi)(yi)》,针何休《左(zuo)氏膏肓》,发《公羊墨守》,起(qi)《梁废疾》,可(ke)谓大儒。作(zuo)注(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)时,就(jiu)《鲁(lu)论(lun)(lun)》篇章(zhang),谓二十篇也,复考(kao)校之(zhi)以《齐(qi)论(lun)(lun)》、《古论(lun)(lun)》,择其(qi)善者(zhe)而为(wei)之(zhi)注(zhu)(zhu)。注(zhu)(zhu)与注(zhu)(zhu)音义(yi)(yi)同。

近故司空陈群、太常王肃、博士周生烈皆为《义说》。

[疏]“近故”至“义说”。
  ○正义曰:此(ci)叙魏时(shi)注说《论(lun)(lun)语》之人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。年世未远人(ren)(ren)已殁(mo)故,是近故也(ye)。司空,古官(guan)三公也(ye)。《表(biao)》云(yun):“奉(feng)常(chang),秦官(guan),掌宗庙礼仪(yi)。景(jing)帝(di)中六年更(geng)名太常(chang)。”“博士,秦官(guan),掌通古今。”《魏志》云(yun):“陈群字(zi)长文(wen)(wen),颍川(chuan)许昌人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。太祖辟群为(wei)司空西曹属,文(wen)(wen)帝(di)即位(wei),迁(qian)尚书(shu)(shu)仆射。明(ming)帝(di)即位(wei),进(jin)封颍阴侯(hou),顷之为(wei)司空。青龙四年薨(hong)。”“王肃字(zi)子邕,东海兰(lan)陵(ling)人(ren)(ren),魏卫(wei)将(jiang)军太常(chang)兰(lan)陵(ling)景(jing)侯(hou),甘露元(yuan)年薨(hong)。注《尚书(shu)(shu)》、《礼·丧服》、《论(lun)(lun)语》、《孔(kong)子家语》,述《毛(mao)诗注》。作(zuo)(zuo)《圣证论(lun)(lun)》难郑(zheng)玄。”周生烈,敦煌人(ren)(ren),《七录》云(yun):“字(zi)文(wen)(wen)逸(yi),本姓(xing)唐(tang),魏博士、侍中。”此(ci)二人(ren)(ren)皆(jie)为(wei)《论(lun)(lun)语义说》,谓作(zuo)(zuo)注而说其(qi)义,故云(yun)义说。

前世传授(shou)师说,虽有异同(tong),不为(wei)训(xun)解。中间为(wei)之训(xun)解,至于今多矣。所(suo)见不同(tong),互(hu)有得失。

[疏]“前世”至“得失”。
  ○正义曰(yue):将作《论(lun)语(yu)集解》,故须(xu)言先儒有得(de)失(shi)不(bu)同(tong)之(zhi)说(shuo)也(ye)(ye)。据(ju)今而道往古(gu),谓之(zhi)前世(shi)。上(shang)教下(xia)曰(yue)传,下(xia)承(cheng)上(shang)曰(yue)受。谓张(zhang)禹以(yi)(yi)上(shang)至夏(xia)侯胜以(yi)(yi)来,但师资诵说(shuo)而已,虽说(shuo)有异者、同(tong)者,皆不(bu)著(zhu)篇简以(yi)(yi)为(wei)传注、训(xun)(xun)解。中(zhong)为(wei)之(zhi)训(xun)(xun)解,谓自古(gu)至今中(zhong)间,包氏、周氏等为(wei)此《论(lun)语(yu)训(xun)(xun)解》,有二十(shi)馀家(jia),故云至于今多矣。以(yi)(yi)其趣舍各异,故得(de)失(shi)互(hu)有也(ye)(ye)。

今(jin)集诸家之善(shan),记其姓名(ming),有不安者(zhe)颇为(wei)改《易(yi)》,名(ming)曰(yue)《论语集解》。

[疏]“今集”至“集解”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue):此叙《集(ji)(ji)(ji)解》之(zhi)(zhi)体例(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今谓(wei)(wei)何晏时(shi),诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家谓(wei)(wei)孔安(an)(an)国、包(bao)咸、周(zhou)氏、马(ma)融(rong)、郑玄、陈群、王肃、周(zhou)生烈也(ye)(ye)(ye)。集(ji)(ji)(ji)此诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家所说(shuo)善(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而存之(zhi)(zhi),示无剿说(shuo),故各记(ji)其(qi)姓名(ming)(ming)。注(zhu)言(yan)(yan)包(bao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)、马(ma)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。注(zhu)但记(ji)其(qi)姓,而此连言(yan)(yan)名(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)著其(qi)姓所以(yi)名(ming)(ming)其(qi)人,非谓(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)字(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。有(you)不(bu)(bu)安(an)(an)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家之(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)於(wu)义有(you)不(bu)(bu)安(an)(an)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。颇为(wei)改易(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)(yan)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家之(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)则存而不(bu)(bu)改,其(qi)不(bu)(bu)善(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)颇多为(wei)改易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)。注(zhu)首(shou)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)包(bao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)、马(ma)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),及(ji)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家说(shuo)下(xia)言(yan)(yan)一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)是(shi)何氏自(zi)下(xia)已言(yan)(yan)、改易(yi)先儒者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)《论(lun)语集(ji)(ji)(ji)解》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),何氏注(zhu)解既(ji)毕,乃自(zi)题之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。杜(du)氏注(zhu)《春秋左氏传(chuan)》谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)“集(ji)(ji)(ji)解”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)聚集(ji)(ji)(ji)经传(chuan)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)作解也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此乃聚集(ji)(ji)(ji)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家义理以(yi)解《论(lun)语》,言(yan)(yan)同而意(yi)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

光禄大(da)夫(fu)关内侯(hou)(hou)臣孙(sun)邕、光禄大(da)夫(fu)臣郑(zheng)冲、散骑常侍中领军安乡亭(ting)侯(hou)(hou)臣曹羲、侍中臣荀ダ、尚书(shu)驸马都尉关内侯(hou)(hou)臣何晏等上(shang)。

[疏]“光禄”至“等上”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue):此叙同集解之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《表(biao)》云(yun):“大(da)夫(fu)(fu),掌(zhang)论(lun)议,有(you)太中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)、谏(jian)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)、皆(jie)无(wu)员,多至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数十(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。太初元年更(geng)名中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)光禄大(da)夫(fu)(fu),秩比二(er)千石。”无(wu)印绶,爵(jue)级十(shi)九曰(yue)(yue)关内侯(hou),颜(yan)师古(gu)曰(yue)(yue):“言(yan)有(you)侯(hou)号而居(ju)京畿(ji),无(wu)国邑。”孙邕(yong)字(zi)宗儒,乐安青州人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《晋书》:“郑冲字(zi)文(wen)和(he),荧阳开封人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),起自寒微(wei),卓尔立操。魏(wei)文(wen)帝(di)为(wei)(wei)太子(zi)(zi)(zi),命为(wei)(wei)文(wen)学,累(lei)迁尚书郎(lang)(lang),出(chu)补陈留大(da)守,曹(cao)(cao)爽(shuang)引为(wei)(wei)从(cong)事中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)郎(lang)(lang),转(zhuan)散(san)骑(qi)常(chang)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)光禄勋。”《表(biao)》又云(yun):“侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、散(san)骑(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)加官。”应(ying)劭(shao)曰(yue)(yue):“入侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天子(zi)(zi)(zi),故曰(yue)(yue)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”晋灼曰(yue)(yue):“魏(wei)文(wen)帝(di)合(he)散(san)骑(qi)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)散(san)骑(qi)常(chang)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又曰(yue)(yue):“所加或(huo)列(lie)侯(hou)、将(jiang)(jiang)军、卿大(da)夫(fu)(fu)、将(jiang)(jiang)都尉尚书、太医、太宫令至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郎(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),亡(wang)员,多至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数十(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”如淳曰(yue)(yue):“将(jiang)(jiang),谓(wei)都郎(lang)(lang)将(jiang)(jiang)以下也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),自列(lie)侯(hou)下至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郎(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),皆(jie)得(de)有(you)散(san)骑(qi)及(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又曰(yue)(yue):“侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)入禁中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),散(san)骑(qi)并乘舆车。”颜(yan)师古(gu)曰(yue)(yue):“并音(yin)步(bu)浪反。骑(qi)而散(san)从(cong),无(wu)常(chang)职也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)领军者,《表(biao)》无(wu)文(wen)。安乡亭(ting)侯(hou)者,不在爵(jue)级二(er)十(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)数,盖(gai)汉末及(ji)魏(wei)置(zhi)亭(ting)侯(hou)、列(lie)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)伦也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。曹(cao)(cao)羲(xi),沛(pei)国谯人(ren)(ren)(ren),魏(wei)宗室曹(cao)(cao)爽(shuang)之(zhi)(zhi)弟(di)(di)。荀ダ字(zi)景倩,荀之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi),诜之(zhi)(zhi)弟(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),咸(xian)熙中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)司(si)空(kong)。《表(biao)》又云(yun):“少府,秦官,属官有(you)尚书。成帝(di)建(jian)始(shi)四年初置(zhi)尚书,员五人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”驸(fu)(fu)马都尉掌(zhang)驸(fu)(fu)马,武帝(di)初置(zhi),秩比二(er)千石。”颜(yan)师古(gu)曰(yue)(yue):“驸(fu)(fu),副也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),非正(zheng)驾车,皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)副马。一曰(yue)(yue)驸(fu)(fu),近也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),疾也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”何(he)晏(yan)字(zi)平叔(shu),南阳宛(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),何(he)进之(zhi)(zhi)孙,咸(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。曹(cao)(cao)爽(shuang)秉政,以晏(yan)为(wei)(wei)尚书,又尚公主。著述凡数十(shi)篇。正(zheng)始(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),此五人(ren)(ren)(ren)共(gong)上(shang)此《论(lun)语集解》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

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