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纪昀《阅微草堂笔记》卷六 滦阳消夏录六 在线阅读

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里人(ren)张某,深险(xian)诡谲(jue),虽(sui)至亲骨肉,不(bu)能得其一实语。而(er)口舌(she)巧捷,多(duo)为(wei)所欺,人(ren)号(hao)曰秃项(xiang)(xiang)马(ma)(ma)。马(ma)(ma)秃项(xiang)(xiang)为(wei)无(wu)鬃,鬃踪同音,言其恍惚闪(shan)烁,无(wu)踪可觅也。一日,与其父(fu)夜行迷路,隔(ge)陇(long)见数(shu)人(ren)围坐,呼问当何向(xiang),数(shu)人(ren)皆应(ying)曰:向(xiang)北。因陷深淖中,又遥呼问之,皆应(ying)曰:转东。乃几至灭顶,蹩跫泥涂,困不(bu)能出,闻数(shu)人(ren)拊掌笑曰:秃项(xiang)(xiang)马(ma)(ma),尔今知妄语之误人(ren)否(fou)。近在耳(er)畔,而(er)不(bu)睹其形,方(fang)知为(wei)鬼所绍也。

妖由人兴,往(wang)往(wang)有(you)焉。李云举(ju)言(yan),一(yi)人胆至怯,一(yi)人欲戏之(zhi)(zhi),其奴(nu)手黑如墨,使(shi)藏于(yu)室中,密约曰:我(wo)与某坐月下,我(wo)惊呼有(you)鬼(gui),尔(er)即(ji)从窗隙伸一(yi)手,届(jie)期(qi)呼之(zhi)(zhi),突一(yi)手探出,其大(da)如箕,五(wu)指(zhi)挺(ting)然如春杵,宾(bin)主俱(ju)惊,仆众哗曰:此其真鬼(gui)耶(ye)?秉炬持杖入,则奴(nu)昏卧于(yu)壁角,救之(zhi)(zhi)苏,言(yan)闇中似有(you)物,以(yi)气(qi)嘘(xu)我(wo),我(wo)即(ji)迷(mi)闷(men)。族(zu)叔楘庵言(yan):二人同读书佛(fo)寺,一(yi)人灯下作缢鬼(gui)状(zhuang),立于(yu)前,见是人惊怖(bu)欲绝,急(ji)呼是我(wo),尔(er)勿(wu)畏(wei),是人曰:固知是尔(er),尔(er)背后何物也,回顾(gu)乃一(yi)真缢鬼(gui)。盖机(ji)械一(yi)萌(meng),鬼(gui)遂以(yi)机(ji)械之(zhi)(zhi)心,从而应之(zhi)(zhi)。斯亦可为螳螂黄雀(que)之(zhi)(zhi)喻(yu)矣(yi)。

余八九岁时(shi),在从(cong)(cong)(cong)舅实斋安(an)公(gong)家,闻(wen)苏丈(zhang)东皋言,交河某令蚀官帑数(shu)千,使其奴(nu)(nu)赍还,奴(nu)(nu)半途以黄河覆舟报,阴遣(qian)其重(zhong)台(tai)(tai)携(xie)归,重(zhong)台(tai)(tai)又(you)窃(qie)以北(bei)上,行(xing)至(zhi)兖(yan)州(zhou),为(wei)(wei)盗(dao)所劫杀。从(cong)(cong)(cong)舅咋舌曰:可畏哉(zai),此人之(zhi)(zhi)所为(wei)(wei),而(er)鬼(gui)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)所为(wei)(wei)也(ye)。夫鬼(gui)神(shen)岂必白昼现形,左悬业镜,右持冥籍(ji),指挥(hui)众生,轮回六(liu)道,而(er)后见善(shan)恶之(zhi)(zhi)报哉(zai)?此足当森罗铁榜矣(yi)。苏丈(zhang)曰:令不(bu)窃(qie)赀,何(he)至(zhi)为(wei)(wei)奴(nu)(nu)乾没;奴(nu)(nu)不(bu)乾没,何(he)至(zhi)为(wei)(wei)重(zhong)台(tai)(tai)效尤(you);重(zhong)台(tai)(tai)不(bu)效尤(you),何(he)至(zhi)为(wei)(wei)盗(dao)屠(tu)(tu)掠。此仍(reng)人之(zhi)(zhi)所为(wei)(wei),非(fei)鬼(gui)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)所为(wei)(wei)也(ye)。如公(gong)所言是,令当受(shou)报,故遣(qian)奴(nu)(nu)窃(qie)赀;奴(nu)(nu)当受(shou)报,故遣(qian)重(zhong)台(tai)(tai)效尤(you);重(zhong)台(tai)(tai)当受(shou)报,故遣(qian)盗(dao)屠(tu)(tu)掠。鬼(gui)神(shen)既遣(qian)之(zhi)(zhi),报人又(you)从(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)报之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)已(yi)颠乎?从(cong)(cong)(cong)舅曰:此公(gong)无碍之(zhi)(zhi)辩才,非(fei)正理也(ye)。然存公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo),亦足于相随波(bo)靡之(zhi)(zhi)中,劝(quan)人以自立。

刘乙斋廷尉为(wei)(wei)御史(shi)时,尝(chang)租西河沿一(yi)(yi)宅,每夜有数(shu)人击柝声,琅琅彻晓(xiao),其(qi)转更攒点(dian),一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)与谯鼓相应,视之(zhi)则(ze)无(wu)形聒耳。至不(bu)(bu)得片刻睡(shui),乙斋故强(qiang)项,乃自(zi)(zi)撰一(yi)(yi)文,指陈其(qi)罪,大书粘壁(bi)以驱之(zhi)。是夕遂(sui)寂。乙斋自(zi)(zi)诧不(bu)(bu)减(jian)昌(chang)黎之(zhi)驱鳄(e)也。余谓君(jun)文章道德,似尚未敌昌(chang)黎,然性刚气盛,平生(sheng)尚不(bu)(bu)作暧昧事,故敢悍然不(bu)(bu)畏(wei)鬼。又(you)拮据迁此宅,力竭(jie)不(bu)(bu)能再(zai)徒,计(ji)无(wu)复之(zhi),惟有与鬼以死(si)相持,此在君(jun),为(wei)(wei)困兽犹斗(dou),在鬼,为(wei)(wei)穷寇勿狐(hu)追耳。君(jun)不(bu)(bu)记(ji)(ji)太平广记(ji)(ji)载周(zhou)书记(ji)(ji)与鬼争(zheng)宅,鬼惮其(qi)木强(qiang)而去乎?乙斋笑(xiao)击余背曰:魏(wei)收(shou)轻薄哉,然君(jun)知(zhi)我者。

余督(du)学福建(jian)时,署中有(you)笔捧(peng)楼,以左右挟两浮图也。使者居下层,其上层则复(fu)壁曲(qu)折,非正午不甚睹物,旧为山(shan)魈所据(ju),虽不睹独足反踵之状,而夜每闻声,偶忆杜工部山(shan)精白(bai)日藏句(ju),悟鬼魅皆避明而就(jiu)晦,当由(you)曲(qu)房幽(you)隐,故此辈潜(qian)踪,因(yin)尽撤(che)墙垣,使四(si)面明窗洞启,三山(shan)翠霭,宛在目(mu)前,题(ti)(ti)额(e)曰(yue)浮青阁,题(ti)(ti)联(lian)曰(yue):地回不遮双眼阔(kuo),窗虚(xu)只许万峰窥。自此山(shan)魈迁于(yu)署东南隅(yu)会(hui)经堂(tang),堂(tang)故久(jiu)废,既(ji)于(yu)人(ren)无害,亦听其匿迹。不为已甚矣。

徐公(gong)景熹官福建(jian)盐(yan)道(dao)时(shi),署中箧笥,每火自(zi)内发,而(er)扃钥如故。又一夕,窃(qie)剪其(qi)侍姬发,为祟殊甚。既而(er)徐公(gong)罢归(gui),未及行(xing)而(er)卒。山(shan)鬼能知一岁(sui)事,故乘其(qi)将去,肆(si)侮也。徐公(gong)盛(sheng)时(shi),销声匿迹。衰气一至,无故侵陵。此(ci)邪魅所以为邪魅欤。

余乡(xiang)青(qing)苗(miao)被野时(shi),每(mei)夜(ye)田陇间(jian)有物(wu),不(bu)辨(bian)头足,倒掷而行,筑地登登如杵声,农(nong)家(jia)习见(jian)不(bu)怪(guai),谓之青(qing)苗(miao)神(shen)。云常为田家(jia)驱鬼,此神(shen)出(chu),则(ze)诸鬼各归其所。不(bu)敢散(san)游于(yu)(yu)(yu)野矣。此神(shen)不(bu)载于(yu)(yu)(yu)古书,然确非邪魅(mei)。从兄懋园尝(chang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)李家(jia)洼(wa)见(jian)之,月(yue)下谛视,形(xing)如一(yi)布(bu)囊,每(mei)一(yi)翻折(zhe),则(ze)一(yi)头著(zhu)地,行颇迟(chi)重(zhong)云。

先祖宠予公,原配(pei)陈太(tai)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),早卒,继配(pei)张太(tai)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),于(yu)归日(ri),独坐室中(zhong),见少妇(fu)(fu)揭帘入(ru),径(jing)(jing)坐床畔,著元帔黄(huang)衫淡绿裙,举止有大家风,新(xin)妇(fu)(fu)不便通寒(han)温,意谓(wei)是群从娣似,或姑姊(zi)妹耳。其人(ren)(ren)(ren)絮絮言家务得(de)失,婢(bi)媪善(shan)恶,皆委曲(qu)周至。久(jiu)之,仆(pu)妇(fu)(fu)捧茶入(ru),乃径(jing)(jing)出(chu)。后阅数(shu)日(ri),怪家中(zhong)无是人(ren)(ren)(ren),细(xi)话(hua)其衣饰,即陈太(tai)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)敛时服也。死生相妒,见于(yu)载籍者(zhe)(zhe)多矣。陈太(tai)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)已掩黄(huang)墟(xu),犹虑新(xin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)未(wei)谙(an)料理,现(xian)身(shen)指示,无问幽明,此(ci)何等居心乎?今(jin)子孙登科(ke)第(di)历仕(shi)宦者(zhe)(zhe),皆陈太(tai)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所出(chu)也。

伯高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)爱堂公(gong)(gong)(gong),明季(ji)有声誉(yu)序间(jian),刻意郑孔之学(xue),无(wu)间(jian)冬夏,读书(shu)(shu)恒(heng)至夜半(ban)(ban),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夕梦到一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)懈,榜额曰文仪(yi),班内(nei)十许人治案牍,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)恍惚如(ru)旧识(shi)。见(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)皆(jie)讶曰:君(jun)尚迟七(qi)年(nian)乃当归,今(jin)犹早也。霍然惊(jing),自知不永,乃日(ri)与方外游。偶遇道(dao)士(shi),论颇(po)洽,留与共饮,道(dao)士(shi)别后,途遇奴子胡门德曰:顷一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)书(shu)(shu),忘付(fu)汝主,汝可(ke)携归。公(gong)(gong)(gong)视(shi)之,皆(jie)驱(qu)神役鬼符咒,闭户(hu)肄(yi)习,尽通其术(shu),时时用为戏剧,以逍遣岁月,越(yue)七(qi)年(nian)至祟祯(zhen)丁丑,果(guo)病卒。卒半(ban)(ban)日(ri)复苏(su),曰:我以亵用五雷法,获阴谴冥(ming)司,追还此(ci)书(shu)(shu),可(ke)急焚(fen)之。焚(fen)讫,复卒半(ban)(ban)日(ri)又苏(su),曰:冥(ming)司查检,缺三页,饬归取。视(shi)灰(hui)中果(guo)三页未尽,重焚(fen)之,乃卒。此(ci)事(shi)姚安公(gong)(gong)(gong)附载(zai)家谱中,公(gong)(gong)(gong)闻(wen)之先曾祖(zu),曾祖(zu)闻(wen)之先高(gao)(gao)祖(zu),高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)即手焚(fen)是书(shu)(shu)者(zhe)。孰谓竟无(wu)鬼神乎?

余族所居曰景城(cheng)(cheng),宋(song)故县也(ye)。城(cheng)(cheng)址尚依(yi)稀可辨,或(huo)(huo)(huo)偶于昧爽时,遥望(wang)烟雾(wu)中,现(xian)一城(cheng)(cheng)影,楼堞宛然(ran)(ran)(ran),类乎蜃气。此(ci)事他书多载之(zhi)(zhi),然(ran)(ran)(ran)莫明(ming)其理。余谓凡有形(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe),必(bi)有精(jing)气,土之(zhi)(zhi)厚处(chu)(chu),即地之(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)气所聚处(chu)(chu),如(ru)(ru)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)有魂(hun)魄也(ye)。此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)周回数里,其形(xing)(xing)(xing)巨矣(yi),自汉至宋(song),千余年为(wei)精(jing)气所聚已(yi)久,如(ru)(ru)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)取多用宏,其魂(hun)魄独强矣(yi)。故其形(xing)(xing)(xing)虽(sui)化,而精(jing)气之(zhi)(zhi)盘结者(zhe)(zhe),非一日之(zhi)(zhi)所蓄,即非一日所能散。偶然(ran)(ran)(ran)现(xian)象,仍(reng)作城(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing),正如(ru)(ru)人(ren)死鬼(gui)(gui)存,鬼(gui)(gui)仍(reng)作人(ren)形(xing)(xing)(xing)耳。然(ran)(ran)(ran)古城(cheng)(cheng)郭不尽现(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing),现(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)又(you)不常见(jian)(jian),其故何欤?人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)死也(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)有鬼(gui)(gui),或(huo)(huo)(huo)无鬼(gui)(gui)。鬼(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)存也(ye),或(huo)(huo)(huo)见(jian)(jian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)不见(jian)(jian),亦如(ru)(ru)是(shi)而已(yi)矣(yi)。

南宫鲍敬之先生言(yan),其乡有陈生,读(du)书神祠,夏(xia)夜袒裼(ti)睡(shui)庑(wu)下,梦神召至座前,诃责甚厉。陈辩曰(yue):殿上先有贩(fan)夫(fu)(fu)数人(ren)睡(shui),某(mou)避于(yu)庑(wu)下,何(he)反获愆?神曰(yue):贩(fan)夫(fu)(fu)则可,汝则不(bu)可。彼蠢蠢如(ru)鹿豕(shi),何(he)足与(yu)较,汝读(du)书,而(er)不(bu)知礼乎?盖(gai)春秋责备贤者(zhe),理如(ru)是(shi)矣。故君子之于(yu)世也(ye),可随(sui)(sui)俗(su)者(zhe)随(sui)(sui),不(bu)必(bi)苟异;不(bu)可随(sui)(sui)俗(su)者(zhe)不(bu)随(sui)(sui),亦不(bu)苟同。世于(yu)违(wei)理之事(shi),动曰(yue)某(mou)某(mou)曾为之,夫(fu)(fu)不(bu)论事(shi)之是(shi)非,但论事(shi)之有无。自古以来,何(he)事(shi)不(bu)曾有,人(ren)为之可一(yi)一(yi)据以藉口乎?

鱼洋山人记张巡妾转世索命事(shi),余(yu)不谓然。其言曰:君为忠臣(chen),我则何罪?而

杀以飨士。夫孤城将破,巡已决志捐生,巡当殉国,妾不当殉主乎?古来忠臣仗节,覆宗族,糜妻子者,不知凡几,使人人索命,天地间无纲常矣。使容其索命,天地间亦无神理矣。王经之母,含笑受刃,彼何人乎?此或妖鬼为祟,托一古事求祭飨,未可知也。或明季诸臣,顾惜身家,偷生视息,造作是言以自解,亦未可知也。儒者著书,当存风化,虽齐谐志怪,亦不当收悖理之言。

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