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纪昀《阅微草堂笔记》卷七 如是我闻一 在线阅读

[移动版] 作者:纪昀

雍正甲寅,余(yu)初(chu)随(sui)姚安公至(zhi)京师,闻御史某公,性多疑(yi)。初(chu)典永(yong)(yong)光寺一(yi)(yi)(yi)宅(zhai)(zhai),其(qi)地空(kong)旷,虑有盗。夜遣(qian)家奴数人,更(geng)(geng)番司铃(ling)柝(tuo),犹防(fang)其(qi)懈,虽严(yan)寒(han)溽暑,必秉烛自(zi)巡视,不胜其(qi)劳。别(bie)典西河沿一(yi)(yi)(yi)宅(zhai)(zhai),其(qi)地市碜栉比,又(you)(you)虑有火,每屋储水瓮(weng),至(zhi)夜铃(ling)柝(tuo)巡视,如在永(yong)(yong)光寺时,不胜其(qi)劳。更(geng)(geng)典虎坊桥东(dong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)宅(zhai)(zhai),与(yu)余(yu)只(zhi)隔数家,见屋宇幽邃,又(you)(you)疑(yi)有魅,先延僧诵经放(fang)焰(yan)口(kou),钹(bo)鼓皍(ji)皍(ji)者数日,云以(yi)度(du)鬼(gui),复(fu)延道士设坛,召将悬(xuan)符持咒,钹(bo)鼓皍(ji)皍(ji)者又(you)(you)数日,云以(yi)驱狐。宅(zhai)(zhai)本无他,自(zi)是以(yi)后,魅乃(nai)大作。抛掷(zhi)砖瓦,攘窃器物,夜夜无宁居。婢(bi)媪仆隶(li),因缘为奸,所损失(shi)者无算(suan)。论(lun)者皆谓妖由(you)人兴(xing)。居未一(yi)(yi)(yi)载,又(you)(you)典绳匠胡(hu)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)宅(zhai)(zhai),去后不通闻问,不知(zhi)其(qi)作何设施矣。姚安公曰:天下(xia)本无事,庸人自(zi)扰之,其(qi)此公之谓乎?

钱(qian)塘陈乾(qian)纬言,昔(xi)与(yu)数(shu)友泛舟至西(xi)湖深处,秋雨(yu)初晴,登寺(si)(si)楼远眺。一(yi)友偶吟举(ju)世(shi)尽从(cong)忙里(li)老,谁人(ren)(ren)肯(ken)向死前休句,相与(yu)慨叹。寺(si)(si)僧微哂曰(yue):据所(suo)闻(wen)(wen)见(jian),盖(gai)死尚不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)休也。数(shu)年前,秋月澄明,坐此楼上,闻(wen)(wen)桥畔有(you)(you)诟(gou)争声,良久愈厉。此地无(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)居,心(xin)知(zhi)为鬼(gui)(gui),谤(bang)听其(qi)语(yu),急遽搀夺(duo),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)甚可(ke)(ke)辩。似(si)是争墓田(tian)地界。俄(e)闻(wen)(wen)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)呼曰(yue):二(er)(er)君(jun)勿喧(xuan),闻(wen)(wen)老僧一(yi)言可(ke)(ke)乎?夫人(ren)(ren)在(zai)世(shi)途,胶胶扰扰,缘不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)此生如(ru)梦耳,今(jin)二(er)(er)君(jun)梦已醒矣,经营百计以求(qiu)富(fu)贵,富(fu)贵今(jin)安(an)在(zai)乎?机(ji)械(xie)万(wan)端(duan)以酬(chou)恩怨,恩怨今(jin)又安(an)在(zai)乎?青山未改,白骨(gu)未枯,孑然惟(wei)剩一(yi)魂(hun),彼幻(huan)化(hua)黄梁尚能省悟,何(he)身亲(qin)阅历,反不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)万(wan)事皆空?且真仙真佛以外,自古(gu)无(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)死之人(ren)(ren),大(da)圣(sheng)大(da)贤以外,自古(gu)亦(yi)无(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)消之鬼(gui)(gui)。并此孑然一(yi)魂(hun),久亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)免于澌灭,顾乃于电(dian)光(guang)石火之内,更兴蛮触之干戈(ge),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)梦中梦乎?语(yu)讫,闻(wen)(wen)呜(wu)呜(wu)饮泣声,又闻(wen)(wen)浩(hao)叹声,曰(yue):哀(ai)乐(le)未忘(wang),宜乎其(qi)未齐得(de)丧(sang)。如(ru)是挂(gua)碍,老僧亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能解脱矣。遂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复再语(yu)。疑其(qi)难未已也。乾(qian)纬曰(yue):此是僧粲化(hua)之舌耳,然默验(yan)人(ren)(ren)情(qing),实亦(yi)为理之所(suo)有(you)(you)。

陈竹吟尝(chang)馆一(yi)(yi)富室,有小女(nv)奴,闻(wen)其母(mu)行乞于道,饿垂(chui)毙,阴盗钱三千与之,为(wei)(wei)侪辈(bei)所发(fa),鞭(bian)垂(chui)甚苦。富室一(yi)(yi)楼有狐,借居(ju)数十(shi)年,未(wei)尝(chang)为(wei)(wei)祟,是(shi)日女(nv)奴受鞭(bian)时,忽楼上哭声(sheng)(sheng)鼎沸(fei)。怪而仰问,闻(wen)声(sheng)(sheng)应曰:吾辈(bei)虽异类,亦具(ju)人心,悲此女(nv)年未(wei)十(shi)几(ji),而为(wei)(wei)母(mu)受垂(chui),不(bu)觉失声(sheng)(sheng),非敢相(xiang)扰(rao)也。主人投鞭(bian)于地,面(mian)无人色者数日。

竹吟(yin)与朱青(qing)雷游长椿(chun)寺(si),于(yu)鬻书(shu)画处,见一(yi)卷擘窠,书(shu)曰:梅子流酸溅(jian)齿(chi)牙,芭蕉分绿上窗纱(sha),日长睡起无情思,闲看(kan)儿童捉柳花(hua)。款题山谷道人。方(fang)拟(ni)议(yi)真(zhen)伪,一(yi)乞(qi)者在(zai)旁睨视微笑(xiao)曰:黄鲁直乃书(shu)杨(yang)诚斋诗,大(da)是异(yi)闻,掉臂竟去(qu)。青(qing)雷讶曰:能作此语(yu),安得乞(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)!竹吟(yin)太(tai)息曰:能做此语(yu),又安得不(bu)乞(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。余谓(wei)此竹吟(yin)愤激之谈。所谓(wei)名士(shi)习气也(ye)。聪明颖隽之士(shi),或(huo)恃才兀傲,久而(er)悖谬乖张(zhang),使(shi)人不(bu)敢相迩者,其(qi)势亦可(ke)以乞(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi);或(huo)有文无行,久而(er)秽(hui)迹恶(e)声(sheng),使(shi)人不(bu)屑齿(chi)录者,其(qi)势可(ke)以乞(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。是岂可(ke)赋感士(shi)不(bu)遇哉。

一(yi)宦家子,资(zi)巨万。诸无赖伪(wei)相(xiang)亲昵,诱(you)之冶游,饮博歌舞,不(bu)数载,炊烟(yan)竟绝,盗颔以(yi)(yi)终。病革时语其(qi)妻(qi)曰:吾(wu)为(wei)(wei)人蛊(gu)惑,以(yi)(yi)至此,必讼诸地下。越半载见梦于(yu)妻(qi)曰:讼不(bu)胜也。冥官谓妖童娼女(nv),本捐弃廉耻,藉声(sheng)色(se)以(yi)(yi)养生(sheng)。其(qi)媚人取财,如虎豹之食(shi)人,鲸鲵之吞舟也,然人不(bu)入山,虎豹焉能(neng)食(shi);舟不(bu)航(hang)海(hai),鲸鲵焉能(neng)吞。汝自就彼,彼何尤焉?惟淫朋狎客,如设井(jing)以(yi)(yi)待兽,不(bu)入不(bu)止;悬饵钓(diao)鱼,不(bu)得(de)不(bu)休(xiu),是宜阳有(you)明刑(xing),阴有(you)业报耳(er)。又闻(wen)有(you)书生(sheng)昵一(yi)狐女(nv),病瘵死(si),家人清(qing)明上冢(zhong),见少妇(fu)奠酒焚楮钱,伏哭甚哀。其(qi)妻(qi)识是狐女(nv),遥骂(ma)曰:死(si)魅(mei)害人,雷行且(qie)诛(zhu),汝尚假慈悲耶(ye)?狐女(nv)盝衽徐对(dui)曰:凡我辈女(nv)求男(nan)者(zhe),是为(wei)(wei)采补,杀人过多,天理(li)(li)不(bu)容也;男(nan)求女(nv)者(zhe),是为(wei)(wei)情感(gan),耽玩过度,以(yi)(yi)致伤生(sheng)。正如夫妇(fu)相(xiang)悦,成(cheng)疾(ji)夭(yao)折,事(shi)由自取,鬼神(shen)不(bu)追理(li)(li)其(qi)衽席(xi)也,姊(zi)何责耶(ye)?此二(er)事(shi)足相(xiang)发明也。

干宝搜神记载马势妻(qi)蒋(jiang)氏事,即今(jin)所谓(wei)走无常也(ye)(ye)。武(wu)清王庆(qing)垞曹氏有(you)佣媪,充此役。先太夫人(ren)尝问以冥(ming)司(si)追摄,岂(qi)乏鬼卒(zu),何(he)故须汝辈。曰:病榻必有(you)人(ren)环守,阳光(guang)炽盛,鬼卒(zu)难近(jin)也(ye)(ye)。又或有(you)真贵(gui)人(ren),其(qi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)旺,有(you)真君子,其(qi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)刚,尤不敢近(jin)。又或兵(bing)刑之(zhi)官,有(you)肃杀之(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),强悍之(zhi)徒,有(you)凶戾之(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),亦不能(neng)(neng)近(jin)。惟生魂体(ti)阴,而(er)阳气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)盛,无虑此数事。故必携之(zhi)以为备。语颇(po)近(jin)理(li),似非(fei)媪所能(neng)(neng)臆(yi)撰也(ye)(ye)。

河间一(yi)旧家,宅上忽有鸟(niao)十(shi)余,哀鸣(ming)旋(xuan)绕,其音(yin)甚悲(bei)。若曰:可(ke)惜可(ke)惜。知非佳(jia)兆(zhao),而莫测(ce)兆(zhao)何事。数日后乃(nai)知其子(zi)鬻宅偿博(bo)负(fu),鸟(niao)啼之时(shi),即(ji)书(shu)券之时(shi)也。岂其祖父之灵(ling)所(suo)凭(ping)欤?为(wei)人子(zi)孙者,闻此宜怆(chuang)然思(si)矣。

有(you)游(you)士(shi)借(jie)居万柳堂,夏日湘帘榧(fei)几,列古砚七八,古器(qi)铜(tong)器(qi)磁器(qi)十许,古书册画卷又十许,笔床水(shui)注,洒盏茶欧,纸扇棕(zong)拂之(zhi)类,皆极精致。壁上所粘,亦(yi)皆名(ming)士(shi)笔迹,焚香宴坐,琴声铿然(ran),人(ren)望之(zhi)若神仙,非高轩驷(si)马(ma)不能(neng)登其堂也(ye)。一日,有(you)道(dao)士(shi)二(er)人(ren)相携(xie)游(you)览(lan),偶过所居,且行且言曰:前辈(bei)有(you)及(ji)见(jian)杜工部者,形状殆如村翁,吾曩在(zai)汴京,见(jian)山谷(gu)东(dong)坡(po)亦(yi)都似措大(da)风味,不及(ji)近日名(ming)流有(you)许多(duo)家事,朱导江时(shi)偶同行,闻之(zhi)怪讶,窃随其后,至马(ma)车杂处,红尘涨合(he),倏已不见(jian),竟(jing)不知是(shi)鬼是(shi)仙。

乌鲁木齐遣(qian)犯(fan)刘刚,骁健(jian)绝伦(lun),不(bu)耐(nai)耕(geng)作,伺(si)隙潜(qian)逃,至(zhi)根克忒,将(jiang)出境矣。夜遇一叟曰(yue):汝(ru)埔亡者(zhe)耶(ye)?前(qian)有卡伦(lun)--卡伦(lun)者(zhe)戌守望之(zhi)地也(ye),恐不(bu)得(de)过,不(bu)如(ru)暂匿(ni)我室中,候黎明耕(geng)者(zhe)毕(bi)出,可杂其中以脱也(ye)。刚从之(zhi),比(bi)稍辨色,觉恍如(ru)梦醒,身坐老树腹(fu)中,再视叟,亦非(fei)昨貌(mao),谛审之(zhi),乃夙所手(shou)刃弃尸深涧者(zhe)也(ye)。错(cuo)愕(e)欲(yu)起(qi),逻骑已(yi)至(zhi),乃弭首就(jiu)擒。军屯法遣(qian)犯(fan)私逃,二十日内自归者(zhe),尚可贷(dai)死,刚就(jiu)擒在(zai)二十日将(jiang)曙,介在(zai)两歧(qi),屯官欲(yu)迁就(jiu)活(huo)之(zhi),刚自述所见,知必不(bu)免,愿早伏法。乃送辕行刑。杀(sha)人于七八年前(qian),久无觉者(zhe),而游魂(hun)为厉,终索命于二万里外,其可畏也(ye)哉(zai)。

日南(nan)防守栅兵王(wang)十,姚(yao)安公旧仆夫也,言乾隆辛酉夏,夜坐(zuo)高庙纳凉,暗(an)中见(jian)二(er)(er)人坐(zuo)阁下,疑(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)盗,静伺所往。时(shi)绍兴会(hui)馆(guan)西商放债者,演剧赛神(shen),金鼓声未(wei)息(xi),一人曰(yue):此辈殊快乐,但巧算(suan)剥削,恐造业亦深(shen)。一人曰(yue):其间亦有(you)差等,昔闻(wen)(wen)判司论此事(shi)(shi),凡选人或(huo)需次(ci)多年,旅(lv)食匮(kui)乏;或(huo)赴官远地,资斧艰难(nan),此不(bu)(bu)得(de)已(yi)而举借。其中苦(ku)况,不(bu)(bu)可殚陈,如(ru)或(huo)乘其急迫,抑(yi)勒多端(duan),使进退触藩,茹酸书(shu)券,此其罪与劫盗等,阳律(lv)不(bu)(bu)过(guo)笞杖,阴律(lv)则当(dang)堕泥犁;至于冶荡性成,骄(jiao)奢习惯,预期到官之(zhi)(zhi)日,可取诸(zhu)百姓以(yi)(yi)偿(chang)(chang)补,遂指以(yi)(yi)称贷,肆(si)意(yi)繁(fan)华,已(yi)经负债如(ru)山,尚复挥(hui)金如(ru)土,致渐形竭蹶(jue),日见(jian)追呼,铨(quan)授有(you)官,埔逃(tao)无(wu)路,不(bu)(bu)得(de)不(bu)(bu)吞声饮恨,为(wei)(wei)(wei)几上之(zhi)(zhi)肉,任(ren)若(ruo)辈之(zhi)(zhi)宰(zai)烹(peng)。积(ji)数既(ji)多,取偿(chang)(chang)难(nan)必,故(gu)先求(qiu)重息(xi)以(yi)(yi)冀得(de)失之(zhi)(zhi)相当(dang),在彼(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)势所必然(ran),在此为(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)(shi)由自取。阳官科断(duan),虽有(you)明条,鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)固不(bu)(bu)甚责之(zhi)(zhi)也。王(wang)闻(wen)(wen)是语,疑(yi)不(bu)(bu)类生人。俄歌吹已(yi)停(ting),二(er)(er)人并起(qi),不(bu)(bu)待启(qi)钥,已(yi)过(guo)栅门,旋闻(wen)(wen)道路传喧酒阑(lan)客(ke)散,有(you)一人中暑暴卒。乃(nai)知二(er)(er)人为(wei)(wei)(wei)追摄之(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)也。

莆田林生霈言,闽中一(yi)县(xian)令,罢官居馆舍(she),夜(ye)有(you)盗(dao)(dao)(dao)破扉而入,一(yi)媪(ao)(ao)惊(jing)呼,刃中脑仆(pu)地(di),童仆(pu)莫能(neng)出,有(you)逻者(zhe)素弗(fu)善(shan)所为(wei)(wei),亦(yi)坐视(shi)(shi),盗(dao)(dao)(dao)遂(sui)肆意搜掠。其(qi)(qi)幼(you)子年十四五,以锦衾(qin)蒙(meng)首卧,盗(dao)(dao)(dao)掣取(qu)衾(qin),见姣(jiao)丽如好女,嘻笑抚摩,似欲为(wei)(wei)无礼(li),中刃媪(ao)(ao)突然(ran)跃起,夺(duo)取(qu)盗(dao)(dao)(dao)刀,径负是(shi)子夺(duo)门(men)去(qu),追(zhui)者(zhe)皆被伤,乃仅捆载(zai)所劫去(qu)。县(xian)令怪媪(ao)(ao)已(yi)六旬(xun),素不(bu)闻其(qi)(qi)能(neng)技击,何勇鸷乃尔。急往(wang)寻视(shi)(shi),则媪(ao)(ao)挺立大言曰:我(wo)某都某甲(jia)也,曾蒙(meng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)再(zai)生恩(en),殁后执(zhi)役土神祠,闻公(gong)(gong)(gong)被劫,特来视(shi)(shi)。宦赀(zi)是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)刑求所得(de),冥官判(pan)饱盗(dao)(dao)(dao)橐,我(wo)不(bu)敢救(jiu)。至侵及公(gong)(gong)(gong)子,则盗(dao)(dao)(dao)罪当(dang)诛,故附此媪(ao)(ao)与之战,公(gong)(gong)(gong)努力(li)为(wei)(wei)善(shan),我(wo)去(qu)矣(yi)。遂(sui)昏昏如醉卧,救(jiu)苏问之,懵(meng)然(ran)不(bu)忆。盖此令遇贫(pin)(pin)人(ren)与贫(pin)(pin)人(ren)讼,剖断亦(yi)甚公(gong)(gong)(gong)明,故卒食其(qi)(qi)报云(yun)。

州(zhou)县官(guan)(guan)长随,姓名籍贯皆(jie)无一定(ding),盖预防奸赃败(bai)露,使无可(ke)踪迹追(zhui)捕也。姚(yao)(yao)安公(gong)尝见(jian)房师石窗陈(chen)公(gong)一长随,自称(cheng)山东朱(zhu)文(wen),后再见(jian)于(yu)高淳(chun)令梁(liang)公(gong)润堂家(jia),则自称(cheng)河南李定(ding)。梁(liang)公(gong)颇倚(yi)任(ren)之(zhi)(zhi),临启程(cheng)时(shi),此人忽得异疾(ji),乃托(tuo)姚(yao)(yao)安公(gong)暂留(liu)于(yu)家(jia),约痊时(shi)续往。其(qi)疾(ji)自两足趾(zhi),寸寸溃(kui)腐,以(yi)(yi)渐(jian)而(er)上(shang)至(zhi)胸膈,穿(chuan)漏而(er)死(si)。死(si)后检其(qi)囊,箧(qie)有小册,作蝇头字,记所阅凡十(shi)七官(guan)(guan),每官(guan)(guan)皆(jie)疏其(qi)阴事(shi)。详载某时(shi)某地某人与闻某人旁睹,以(yi)(yi)及往来(lai)书札,谳断(duan)案牍,无一不备录。其(qi)同类有知之(zhi)(zhi)者曰(yue)(yue):是尝挟制数官(guan)(guan)矣,其(qi)妻亦某官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)侍婢,盗之(zhi)(zhi)窃逃,留(liu)一函(han)于(yu)几上(shang),官(guan)(guan)竟不敢追(zhui)也。今得是疾(ji),岂非天道哉。霍文(wen)易曰(yue)(yue):此辈(bei)依人门户,本为舞弊而(er)来(lai),譬彼养鹰(ying),断(duan)不能责以(yi)(yi)食谷,在主人善驾(jia)驭耳(er)。如善其(qi)便捷,任(ren)以(yi)(yi)耳(er)目(mu)心腹,未有不倒(dao)持干戈(ge),授人以(yi)(yi)柄者,此人不足责,吾(wu)责彼十(shi)七官(guan)(guan)也。姚(yao)(yao)安公(gong)曰(yue)(yue):此言犹未揣其(qi)本。使十(shi)七官(guan)(guan)者,绝无阴事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)书,虽此人日日盏笔,亦何能为哉。

理(li)(li)所必无(wu)者,事或竟有(you)(you)。然(ran)究亦(yi)理(li)(li)之(zhi)所有(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)。执理(li)(li)者自泥(ni)古耳。献县近岁有(you)(you)二(er)事:一(yi)(yi)为韩守立妻(qi)俞(yu)氏,事祖姑(gu)至(zhi)孝,乾(qian)隆庚辰,祖姑(gu)失明,百计医祷,皆无(wu)验。有(you)(you)黠(xia)者绐(dai)以(yi)癈(fei)肉燃(ran)灯(deng),祈神佑,则可速愈,妇不(bu)(bu)知其绐(dai)也(ye)(ye),竟癈(fei)肉燃(ran)之(zhi),越十余(yu)日,祖姑(gu)目竟复(fu)明。夫受(shou)绐(dai)亦(yi)愚矣,然(ran)惟(wei)愚故(gu)(gu)诚(cheng),惟(wei)诚(cheng)故(gu)(gu)鬼神为之(zhi)格(ge),此(ci)(ci)无(wu)理(li)(li)而有(you)(you)至(zhi)理(li)(li)也(ye)(ye);一(yi)(yi)为丐者王(wang)希圣,足(zu)(zu)双挛(luan),以(yi)股代足(zu)(zu),以(yi)肘(zhou)撑之(zhi)行。一(yi)(yi)日于路(lu)得遗金二(er)百,移(yi)盏匿草间,坐守以(yi)待觅(mi)者。俄商家主人(ren)张际飞(fei),仓皇寻至(zhi),叩之(zhi)语相(xiang)符(fu),举以(yi)还之(zhi),际飞(fei)请分取,不(bu)(bu)受(shou)。延至(zhi)家,议养赡终其身,希圣曰:吾形残废,天所罚也(ye)(ye),违天坐食,将必有(you)(you)大(da)咎。毅然(ran)竟去。后困卧斐圣公祠下--斐圣公不(bu)(bu)知何时(shi)人(ren),志乘(cheng)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)详,士人(ren)云祈雨(yu)时(shi)有(you)(you)验。忽有(you)(you)醉人(ren)曳其足(zu)(zu),痛不(bu)(bu)可忍,醉人(ren)去后,足(zu)(zu)已伸矣,由是遂能(neng)(neng)行,至(zhi)乾(qian)隆己卯乃卒。际飞(fei)故(gu)(gu)先祖门客(ke),余(yu)犹(you)及见,自述此(ci)(ci)事甚详。盖(gai)希圣为善宜受(shou)报(bao)(bao),而以(yi)命自安,不(bu)(bu)受(shou)人(ren)报(bao)(bao),故(gu)(gu)神代报(bao)(bao)也(ye)(ye)。非(fei)似无(wu)理(li)(li)而亦(yi)有(you)(you)至(zhi)理(li)(li)乎(hu)?戈芥舟前(qian)辈(bei)尝载此(ci)(ci)二(er)事于县志。讲学家颇病其语怪(guai),余(yu)谓芥舟此(ci)(ci)志,惟(wei)乩(ji)仙联(lian)句及王(wang)生殇子二(er)条,偶不(bu)(bu)割爱(ai)耳。全书皆体例谨严,具有(you)(you)史法(fa),其载此(ci)(ci)二(er)事,正以(yi)见匹(pi)夫匹(pi)妇,足(zu)(zu)感神明,用以(yi)激发善心(xin),砥砺薄俗(su),非(fei)以(yi)小说家言滥(lan)登舆记也(ye)(ye)。汉建安中,河间太守刘照(zhao)妻(qi),葳蕤锁事,载录(lu)异(yi)传;晋武帝时(shi),河间女子剖棺再活事,载搜神记。皆献邑(yi)故(gu)(gu)实,何尝不(bu)(bu)删(shan)盠(lu)其文(wen)哉(zai)。

 

外叔(shu)祖张公紫衡家(jia)有小圃(pu),中筑(zhu)假山(shan),有洞(dong)(dong)曰泄云洞(dong)(dong),前为(wei)尽菊地(di),山(shan)后(hou)养数鹤(he)。有王昊庐先生,集欧阳永(yong)叔(shu)唐彦谦句(ju)题联曰:秋花不(bu)比春(chun)花落,尘(chen)梦(meng)乃知(zhi)鹤(he)梦(meng)长。颇为(wei)工切。一(yi)日(ri)(ri)洞(dong)(dong)中笔(bi)砚移动,满壁皆(jie)摹仿此十四字,拗捩欹斜,不(bu)成点(dian)画,用(yong)笔(bi)或自(zi)下(xia)而上,自(zi)右而左(zuo),或应连者断(duan),应断(duan)者连,似不(bu)识(shi)字人(ren)(ren)(ren)所书,疑为(wei)童稚游(you)戏,重(zhong)垩鐍而其(qi)户。越数日(ri)(ri),启视复(fu)然,乃知(zhi)为(wei)魅。一(yi)夕,闻格(ge)格(ge)磨墨声(sheng),持刃突入掩(yan)之(zhi),一(yi)老猴跃起冲人(ren)(ren)(ren)去,自(zi)是不(bu)复(fu)见矣(yi)。不(bu)知(zhi)其(qi)学(xue)书何意也。余尝谓小说(shuo)载异物能文翰(han)者,惟鬼与狐差可信,鬼本人(ren)(ren)(ren),狐近于人(ren)(ren)(ren)也,其(qi)他草(cao)木禽兽何自(zi)知(zhi)声(sheng)病(bing),至于浑家(jia)门客,并(bing)苍蝇、草(cao)帚亦具能诗,即属(shu)寓言,亦不(bu)应荒诞至此。此猴岁久通灵,学(xue)人(ren)(ren)(ren)涂抹,正其(qi)顽劣之(zhi)本色,固(gu)不(bu)必有所取义耳。

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