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仪礼注疏卷三十一 丧服第十一在线阅读

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卷三十一(yi) 丧(sang)服第十一(yi)

  继父同居者。

[疏]“继父同居者”。
  ○释(shi)曰:继父本非(fei)骨肉,故(gu)次在女(nv)子子之(zhi)(zhi)下。案《郊特(te)牲》云:夫死不(bu)(bu)嫁,终身不(bu)(bu)改。诗恭姜自誓不(bu)(bu)许(xu)再归,此得有(you)(you)妇人将子嫁而有(you)(you)继父者(zhe),彼(bi)不(bu)(bu)嫁者(zhe),自是贞女(nv)守志,而有(you)(you)嫁者(zhe),虽不(bu)(bu)如不(bu)(bu)嫁,圣(sheng)人许(xu)之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)《齐衰三年(nian)章》有(you)(you)继母,此又有(you)(you)继父之(zhi)(zhi)文也。

传(chuan)曰:何以期也(ye)?《传(chuan)》曰:“夫死,妻稚,子幼,子无大(da)功之亲(qin)(qin),与(yu)之適人(ren)。而所適者,亦(yi)无大(da)功之亲(qin)(qin),所適者以其货财为之筑(zhu)宫庙(miao),岁时使之祀焉,妻不(bu)敢与(yu)焉。”若是,则(ze)继父之道(dao)也(ye)。同(tong)(tong)居则(ze)服(fu)齐(qi)(qi)衰期,异居则(ze)服(fu)齐(qi)(qi)衰三(san)月。必尝(chang)同(tong)(tong)居,然(ran)后为异居,未(wei)(wei)尝(chang)同(tong)(tong)居,则(ze)不(bu)为异居。妻稚,谓(wei)(wei)年未(wei)(wei)满五(wu)十。子幼,谓(wei)(wei)年十五(wu)已下。子无大(da)功之亲(qin)(qin),谓(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)财者也(ye)。为之筑(zhu)宫庙(miao)於(wu)家门之外,神(shen)不(bu)歆非(fei)族(zu)。妻不(bu)敢与(yu)焉,恩(en)虽至亲(qin)(qin),族(zu)已绝矣。夫不(bu)可(ke)二,此以恩(en)服(fu)尔。未(wei)(wei)尝(chang)同(tong)(tong)居,则(ze)不(bu)服(fu)之。

[疏]“传曰”至“异居”。
  ○释曰:“何以期也”者,以本非骨肉,故致问也。“传曰”已下,并是引旧传为问答。自此至齐衰期,谓子家无大功之内亲,继父家亦无大功之内亲,继父以财货为此子筑宫庙,使此子四时祭祀不绝,三者皆具,即为同居,子为之期,以继父恩深故也。言妻不言母者,已適他族,与己绝,故言妻,欲见与他为妻,不合祭己之父故也。云“异居则服齐衰三月。必尝同居,然后为异居”者,此一节论异居,继父言异者,昔同今异,谓上三者若阙一事,则为异居。假令前三者仍是具,后或继父有子,即是继父有大功之内亲,亦为异居矣。如此,父死为之齐衰三月,入下文《齐衰三月章》继父是也。云必尝同居然后为异居者,欲见前时三者具,为同居,后三者一事阙,即为异居之意。云“未尝同居,则不为异居”,谓子初与母往继父家时,或继父有大功内亲,或已有大功内亲,或继父不为已筑宫庙,三者一事阙,虽同在继父家,亦名不同居,继父全不服之矣。
  ○注“妻稚”至“服之”。
  ○释曰(yue):郑知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“妻(qi)稚谓(wei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)未(wei)(wei)满五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《内则(ze)》妾年(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)闭房(fang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复御,何得更嫁?故(gu)(gu)未(wei)(wei)满五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“子幼谓(wei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)已(yi)下”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)讬六尺(chi)(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)孤”,郑亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)已(yi)下”,知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见《周礼·乡大夫(fu)职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“国中自七尺(chi)(chi)以(yi)(yi)及六十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),野自六尺(chi)(chi)以(yi)(yi)及六十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)五(wu),皆征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)。”七尺(chi)(chi)谓(wei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),六尺(chi)(chi)谓(wei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)则(ze)受(shou)(shou)征(zheng)役,何得随母,则(ze)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子幼十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)已(yi)下。言“已(yi)下”则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu),以(yi)(yi)其十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)受(shou)(shou)征(zheng),明(ming)据十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四至年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)岁已(yi)上也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)亲谓(wei)同(tong)(tong)财”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下记(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“小功(gong)巳(si)下为(wei)兄弟(di)”,则(ze)小功(gong)已(yi)下疏,故(gu)(gu)得兄弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)。则(ze)大功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)亲容(rong)同(tong)(tong)财共(gong)活可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)筑(zhu)(zhu)宫(gong)庙於(wu)家门(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其中门(men)(men)外(wai)有(you)己宗庙,则(ze)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此在(zai)大门(men)(men)外(wai)筑(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。必在(zai)大门(men)(men)外(wai)筑(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),神(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)歆非族故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若在(zai)门(men)(men)内,於(wu)鬼神(shen)为(wei)非族,恐不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)歆之(zhi)(zhi),是以(yi)(yi)大门(men)(men)外(wai)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)。随母嫁得有(you)庙者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非必正庙,但是鬼神(shen)所居曰(yue)庙,若《祭法》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“庶人祭於(wu)寝也(ye)(ye)(ye)”,神(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)歆非族,《大戴礼》文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)二(er)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)妻(qi),明(ming)据继(ji)父而言,以(yi)(yi)其与继(ji)父为(wei)妻(qi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)更於(wu)前(qian)夫(fu)为(wei)妻(qi)而祭,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)二(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“此以(yi)(yi)恩服尔(er)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),并解为(wei)继(ji)父期(qi)与三月(yue)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“未(wei)(wei)尝(chang)同(tong)(tong)居则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其同(tong)(tong)居与异居有(you)服,明(ming)未(wei)(wei)尝(chang)同(tong)(tong)居不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

为夫之君。传曰:何以(yi)期(qi)也?从服也。

[疏]“为夫之君传曰”至“从服也”。
  ○释曰(yue):此(ci)以(yi)从(cong)服(fu),故(gu)次(ci)继父下。但臣之(zhi)妻皆(jie)禀命(ming)於(wu)(wu)君(jun)之(zhi)夫(fu)人(ren),不从(cong)服(fu)小(xiao)君(jun)者,欲明(ming)夫(fu)人(ren)命(ming)亦由君(jun)来,故(gu)臣妻於(wu)(wu)夫(fu)人(ren)无服(fu)也(ye)(ye)。不直言夫(fu)之(zhi)君(jun)而言为(wei)(wei)者,以(yi)夫(fu)之(zhi)君(jun)而言为(wei)(wei)者,以(yi)夫(fu)之(zhi)君(jun)从(cong)服(fu)轻(qing),故(gu)特(te)言为(wei)(wei)夫(fu)之(zhi)君(jun)也(ye)(ye)。传曰(yue)“何以(yi)期(qi)”者,问比(bi)例者,怪人(ren)疏而同亲者,故(gu)发(fa)问。云“从(cong)服(fu)也(ye)(ye)”,以(yi)夫(fu)为(wei)(wei)君(jun)斩,故(gu)妻从(cong)服(fu)期(qi)也(ye)(ye)。

姑、姊(zi)(zi)妹、女子子適(shi)人无(wu)主者,姑、姊(zi)(zi)妹报(bao)。

[疏]“姑姊”至“姊妹报”。
  ○释曰(yue):此(ci)等(deng)亲(qin)出(chu)適(shi),已降(jiang)在(zai)大功,虽矜之服期(qi),不(bu)绝於夫氏,故次(ci)义服之下(xia)。女子子閒在(zai)上(shang),不(bu)言(yan)(yan)报(bao)者,女子子出(chu)適(shi)大功,反为(wei)(wei)父母,自然犹期(qi),不(bu)须言(yan)(yan)报(bao),故不(bu)言(yan)(yan)也。姑对侄,姊妹对兄弟(di)出(chu)適(shi),反为(wei)(wei)侄与(yu)兄弟(di)大功,侄与(yu)兄弟(di)为(wei)(wei)之降(jiang)至大功,今还相为(wei)(wei)期(qi),故须言(yan)(yan)报(bao)也。

传曰:无(wu)主者(zhe),谓其无(wu)祭主者(zhe)也(ye)。何以期也(ye)?为其无(wu)祭主故也(ye)。无(wu)主后(hou)者(zhe),人之(zhi)所哀怜,不忍降之(zhi)。

[疏]“传曰”至“主者也”。
  ○释曰:云“无主者谓其无祭主”者,无主有二:谓丧主、祭主。传不言丧主者,丧有无后,无无主者,若当家无丧主,或取五服之内亲,又无五服亲,则取东西家,若无则里尹主之。今无主者,谓无祭主也,故可哀怜而不降也。
  ○注“无主”至“降之”。
  ○释曰:云“人之(zhi)所(suo)哀怜”者,谓行路之(zhi)人,见(jian)此(ci)无(wu)夫复(fu)无(wu)子而(er)不嫁(jia),犹生哀{敏心},况侄与兄弟及父母,故(gu)不忍降(jiang)之(zhi)也。若(ruo)然,除此(ci)之(zhi)外,馀人为之(zhi)服者,仍依出(chu)降(jiang)之(zhi)服,而(er)不服加,以其馀人恩疏故(gu)也。不言嫁(jia)而(er)云適人者,若(ruo)言適人,即谓士也;若(ruo)言嫁(jia)之(zhi),嫁(jia)之(zhi)乃嫁(jia)於(wu)大夫,於(wu)本亲又以尊降(jiang),不得言报(bao),故(gu)云適人不言嫁(jia)。

为君之(zhi)父(fu)母(mu)、妻、长子、祖父(fu)母(mu)。

[疏]“为君之父母妻长子祖父母”。
  ○释曰:此亦从服轻,於夫之君(jun)及(ji)姑姊妹女子(zi)子(zi)无主,故(gu)次之。言“为”者(zhe),亦如(ru)为夫之君(jun)也。

传曰:何以期也(ye)?从服也(ye)。父母(mu)、长子,君服斩。妻,则(ze)小君也(ye)。父卒(zu)(zu),然后为(wei)(wei)祖后者服斩。此为(wei)(wei)君矣,而(er)(er)有父若(ruo)祖之丧者,谓始封之君也(ye)。若(ruo)是继体,则(ze)其父若(ruo)祖有废疾不立(li)。父卒(zu)(zu)者,父为(wei)(wei)君之孙,宜嗣位而(er)(er)早(zao)卒(zu)(zu),今君受国(guo)於曾(ceng)祖。

[疏]“传曰”至“者服斩”。
  ○释曰:云“父母长子君服斩”者,欲见臣从君服期。若然,君之母当在齐衰,与君父同在斩者,以母亦有三年之服,故并言之。云“妻则小君也”者,欲见臣为小君,期是常,非从服之例。云“父卒然后为祖后者服斩”者,传解经臣为君之祖父母服期,若君在,则为君祖父母从服期。
  ○注“此为”至“尊祖”。
  ○释曰:云“此(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)矣,而有父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)若祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)者,谓始(shi)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)也”者,若《周礼·典命(ming)(ming)》三(san)公八命(ming)(ming),其(qi)卿六命(ming)(ming),大夫四命(ming)(ming),出封(feng)皆加一等,是五等诸侯(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)始(shi)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)非继(ji)体(ti),容有祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)而死,君(jun)(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斩,臣(chen)亦从服(fu)期也。云“若是继(ji)体(ti),则(ze)其(qi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)若祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)有癈(fei)(fei)(fei)疾(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)立(li)(li)”者,此(ci)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)与(yu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)合立(li)(li),为(wei)(wei)(wei)癈(fei)(fei)(fei)疾(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)立(li)(li),己当(dang)立(li)(li),是受(shou)(shou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)曾(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。若然(ran)(ran),此(ci)二者自是不(bu)(bu)立(li)(li),今君(jun)(jun)立(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)关父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。又(you)(you)云“父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒(zu)(zu)者,父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun)宜(yi)嗣位而早(zao)卒(zu)(zu),今君(jun)(jun)受(shou)(shou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)曾(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”者,此(ci)解传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒(zu)(zu)”耳。郑意以(yi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)有癈(fei)(fei)(fei)疾(ji)(ji),必以(yi)今君(jun)(jun)受(shou)(shou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)曾(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),不(bu)(bu)取受(shou)(shou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者。若今君(jun)(jun)受(shou)(shou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)薨(hong),则(ze)群(qun)臣(chen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斩,何得从服(fu)期?故郑以(yi)新君(jun)(jun)受(shou)(shou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)曾(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。若然(ran)(ran),曾(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)薨(hong),群(qun)臣(chen)自当(dang)服(fu)斩,若君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)薨(hong),君(jun)(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)斩,臣(chen)从服(fu)期也。若然(ran)(ran),父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒(zu)(zu)者,父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun),宜(yi)嗣位而早(zao)卒(zu)(zu),则(ze)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)亦是癈(fei)(fei)(fei)疾(ji)(ji),或早(zao)死不(bu)(bu)立(li)(li),是以(yi)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)受(shou)(shou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),复早(zao)卒(zu)(zu),今君(jun)(jun)乃(nai)受(shou)(shou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)曾(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也。赵商(shang)问(wen):“己为(wei)(wei)(wei)诸侯(hou),父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有癈(fei)(fei)(fei)疾(ji)(ji),不(bu)(bu)任国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政,不(bu)(bu)任丧(sang)(sang)事,而为(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)服(fu),制(zhi)度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi),年月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)断云何?”答(da)云:“父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)后(hou)者三(san)年斩,何疑?”赵商(shang)又(you)(you)问(wen):“父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)后(hou)者三(san)年,已(yi)闻(wen)命(ming)(ming)矣。所问(wen)者,父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在为(wei)(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)如何?欲言三(san)年则(ze)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在,欲言期,复无(wu)主,斩杖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi),主丧(sang)(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi),未知所定(ding)。”答(da)曰:“天子(zi)诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang),皆斩衰,无(wu)期。”彼志与(yu)此(ci)注相兼乃(nai)具也。

妾为女君。

[疏]“妾为女君”。
  ○释曰:妾事(shi)女(nv)君(jun),使,与臣事(shi)君(jun)同,故次之也。以(yi)其妻(qi)(qi)既与夫体(ti)敌,妾不得体(ti)夫,故名妾。妾,接也,接事(shi)適妻(qi)(qi),故妾称適妻(qi)(qi)为女(nv)君(jun)也。

传曰:何以期也(ye)?妾之事女君,与妇之事舅姑等。女君,君適(shi)妻也(ye)。女君於(wu)妾无服(fu),报之则(ze)重(zhong),降之则(ze)嫌。

[疏]“传曰”至“姑等”。
  ○释曰:传意谓妾或是妻之侄娣同事一人,忽为之重服,故发问也。答曰“妾之事女君与妇之事舅姑等”者,妇之事舅姑亦期,故云“等”。但并后匹適,倾覆之阶,故抑之,虽或侄娣,使如子之妻,与妇事舅姑同也。
  ○注“女君”至“则嫌”。
  ○释曰:云“女君於妾无(wu)(wu)服”者,诸经传无(wu)(wu)女君服妾之(zhi)文(wen),故云无(wu)(wu)服。必无(wu)(wu)服者,郑解其(qi)不服之(zhi)意,是(shi)以云“报之(zhi)则(ze)重”。还(hai)报以期,无(wu)(wu)尊卑降杀(sha),大重也。云“降之(zhi)则(ze)嫌”者,若降之(zhi)大功、小功,则(ze)似舅姑为(wei)(wei)適妇庶(shu)妇之(zhi)嫌,故使女君为(wei)(wei)妾无(wu)(wu)服也。

妇为舅姑。

[疏]“妇为舅姑”。
  ○释曰:文在(zai)此(ci)者,既欲抑妾事(shi)女君,使如事(shi)舅姑,故(gu)妇事(shi)舅姑在(zai)下,欲使妾情(qing)先於(wu)妇,故(gu)妇文在(zai)后也。

传(chuan)曰:何以期也?从服也。

[疏]“传曰”至“从服也”。
  ○释曰:问(wen)(wen)之(zhi)者(zhe),本(ben)是路(lu)人,与(yu)子判合,则为重(zhong)服(fu),服(fu)夫(fu)之(zhi)父母,故问(wen)(wen)也(ye)。云“从服(fu)也(ye)”者(zhe),答辞(ci)既得体,其子为亲,故重(zhong)服(fu),为其舅姑也(ye)。

夫之昆(kun)弟之子。男女皆是。

[疏]“夫之昆弟之子”。
  ○注“男女皆是”。
  ○释曰:《檀(tan)弓(gong)》云:“兄弟之子犹子也(ye)。”盖引而进之,进同(tong)己子,故二母为之,亦如(ru)已子服(fu)(fu)期(qi)(qi)也(ye)。云“男女(nv)皆是”者,据女(nv)在(zai)室与(yu)出嫁,与(yu)二母相为服(fu)(fu)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)与(yu)大功,故子中兼男女(nv),但以义服(fu)(fu)情(qing)轻(qing),同(tong)妇(fu)事舅姑,故次在(zai)下(xia)也(ye)。

传曰:何以期也?报之也。

[疏]“传曰何以期也报之也”。
  ○释曰(yue):“报之(zhi)(zhi)”者,二母(mu)与子本(ben)是(shi)路人,为配二父,而(er)有母(mu)名,为之(zhi)(zhi)服期(qi),故二母(mu)报子还服期(qi)。若(ruo)然,上(shang)世叔(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)下不(bu)言报,至此言之(zhi)(zhi)者,二父本(ben)是(shi)父之(zhi)(zhi)一体,又引同己子,不(bu)得(de)言报,至此本(ben)疏,故言报也(ye)。

公妾、大(da)夫之妾为其子。

[疏]“公妾大夫之妾为其子”。
  ○释曰(yue):二(er)妾为其子,应(ying)降(jiang)而不降(jiang),重出此(ci)文,故次之。

传曰:何以期(qi)也?妾不得(de)体(ti)君(jun),为其子(zi)得(de)遂(sui)也。此言二妾不得(de)从於女(nv)(nv)君(jun)尊降其子(zi)也。女(nv)(nv)君(jun)与(yu)君(jun)一体(ti),唯为长子(zi)三(san)年,其馀以尊降之(zhi),与(yu)妾子(zi)同也。

[疏]“传曰”至“遂也”。
  ○释曰:传嫌二妾承尊应降,今不降,故发问。答云“妾不得体君为其子得遂也”者,诸侯绝旁期,为众子无服,大夫降一等,为众子大功。其妻体君,皆从夫而降之,至於二妾贱,皆不得体君,君不厌妾,故自为其子得伸,遂而服期也。
  ○注“此言”至“同也”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)“唯(wei)为长子(zi)三年”,更(geng)云(yun)“其馀”,谓己(ji)所生第二已下,以(yi)尊(zun)降,与(yu)妾子(zi)同,诸侯夫人无服,大夫妻为之大功也。

女子子为祖父母。

[疏]“女子子为祖父母”。
  ○释曰:章首(shou)已言“为祖父母”,兼男女(nv),彼女(nv)据成人之(zhi)女(nv),此(ci)言“女(nv)子子”,谓(wei)十五许嫁者,亦(yi)以重出其文,故次在此(ci)也。

传(chuan)曰:何以期也(ye)?不敢降其祖也(ye)。经似在室,传(chuan)似已嫁。明(ming)虽有出道,犹(you)不降。

[疏]“传曰”至“祖也”。
  ○释曰:祖父母正期也。已嫁之女,可降旁亲,祖父母正期,故不降也,故云“不敢降其祖也”。
  ○注“经似”至“不降”。
  ○释(shi)曰:知经(jing)似在(zai)室者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其直云(yun)(yun)“女(nv)子子”,无嫁文,故云(yun)(yun)“似在(zai)室”。云(yun)(yun)“传(chuan)似已嫁”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其言“不敢(gan)”,则有(you)敢(gan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),敢(gan)谓(wei)出(chu)(chu)(chu)嫁,降旁(pang)亲,是(shi)(shi)(shi)已嫁之(zhi)(zhi)文。此言不敢(gan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)虽嫁而不敢(gan)降祖(zu),故云(yun)(yun)“传(chuan)似已嫁”也。经(jing)传(chuan)互言之(zhi)(zhi),欲见在(zai)室、出(chu)(chu)(chu)嫁同不降,故郑云(yun)(yun)“明虽有(you)出(chu)(chu)(chu)道(dao)(dao)犹(you)不降”也。云(yun)(yun)“出(chu)(chu)(chu)道(dao)(dao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),女(nv)子子虽十五许嫁,始行纳(na)采(cai)、问(wen)名、纳(na)吉、纳(na)徵四(si)礼(li),即著笄为成人,得(de)降旁(pang)亲。要至二十乃行,谓(wei)请期、亲迎(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),以其笄而未出(chu)(chu)(chu),故云(yun)(yun)明虽有(you)出(chu)(chu)(chu)道(dao)(dao),犹(you)不降。不直言出(chu)(chu)(chu)而言道(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),实未出(chu)(chu)(chu),故云(yun)(yun)出(chu)(chu)(chu)道(dao)(dao),犹(you)如郑注《论语》云(yun)(yun):“虽不得(de)禄(lu),亦得(de)禄(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)亦未得(de)禄(lu)而云(yun)(yun)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),亦此类也。

大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)世父(fu)母(mu)(mu)、叔父(fu)母(mu)(mu)、子(zi)(zi)、昆弟(di)(di)、昆弟(di)(di)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)、姑(gu)姊妹女(nv)子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)无(wu)(wu)主(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)命妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),唯子(zi)(zi)不报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。传曰(yue):大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),其男(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。命妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),其妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)之(zhi)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)妻(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。无(wu)(wu)主(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe),命妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)无(wu)(wu)祭主(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。何以言(yan)唯子(zi)(zi)不报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)也(ye)?女(nv)子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)適(shi)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)其父(fu)母(mu)(mu)期(qi),故言(yan)不报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)也(ye)。言(yan)其馀皆报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)也(ye)。何以期(qi)也(ye)?父(fu)之(zhi)所(suo)不降(jiang),子(zi)(zi)亦(yi)不敢降(jiang)也(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)曷(he)为(wei)(wei)不降(jiang)命妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)?夫(fu)(fu)(fu)尊於(wu)朝,妻(qi)贵於(wu)室矣。命者(zhe)(zhe),加(jia)爵(jue)(jue)服之(zhi)名。自士至上公,凡九等。君命其夫(fu)(fu)(fu),则后夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)亦(yi)命其妻(qi)矣。此(ci)所(suo)为(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe),凡六命夫(fu)(fu)(fu)、六命妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。无(wu)(wu)主(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe),命妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)无(wu)(wu)祭主(zhu),谓姑(gu)姊妹女(nv)子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)。其有祭主(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe),如(ru)众(zhong)人(ren)。唯子(zi)(zi)不报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),男(nan)(nan)女(nv)同(tong)不报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)尔。传以为(wei)(wei)主(zhu)谓女(nv)子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi),似失之(zhi)矣。大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)曷(he)为(wei)(wei)不降(jiang)命妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),据大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)姑(gu)姊妹女(nv)子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi),既(ji)以出降(jiang)在大(da)(da)(da)(da)功,其適(shi)士者(zhe)(zhe)又以尊降(jiang)在小功也(ye)。夫(fu)(fu)(fu)尊於(wu)朝,与己同(tong),妻(qi)贵於(wu)室,从夫(fu)(fu)(fu)爵(jue)(jue)也(ye)。

[疏]“大夫之子”至“於室矣”。
  ○释曰:此言大夫之子为此六大夫、六命妇服期不降之事。其中虽有子女重出其文,其馀并是应降而不降,故次在女子为祖下。但大夫尊,降旁亲一等,此男女皆合降至大功,为作大夫与己尊同,故不降,还服期。若姑姊妹女子子,若出嫁,大功,適士又降至小功。今嫁大夫虽降至大功,为无祭主,哀怜之不忍降,还服期也。传云“无主者命妇之无祭主者也”者,郑兼言命妇,欲见既为命妇不降,又无祭主,更不降服期之意也。传云“何以言唯子不报也”,郑云子中兼男女,传唯据女子子,郑不从也。云“何以期也,父之所不降,子亦不敢降也”者,欲见此经云大夫之子得行大夫礼,降与不降,一与父同,故传据父为大夫为本,以子亦之也。云“大夫曷为不降命妇也”已下,欲见大夫是尊同,大夫妻是妇人,非尊同,亦不降者,传解妻亦与夫同尊卑之意,是以云“夫尊於朝”、“妻贵於室”,以其大夫以上贵,士以下贱,此中无士与士妻,故以贵言之也。
  ○注“命者”至“夫爵也”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)“命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)加(jia)(jia)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见《公羊传》云(yun):“锡(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何?赐也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何?加(jia)(jia)我服(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)案《觐(jin)礼》“诸(zhu)公奉箧服(fu)(fu)(fu),加(jia)(jia)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)书於(wu)其(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)侯(hou)氏,是(shi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)加(jia)(jia)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“自士(shi)(shi)至上(shang)(shang)(shang)公凡九(jiu)等”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)据(ju)爵(jue)(jue)(jue),皆(jie)据(ju)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)而言(yan),故(gu)(gu)《大(da)(da)宗(zong)伯(bo)》云(yun):“以(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)仪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),正邦国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位。壹命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)受爵(jue)(jue)(jue),再(zai)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)受服(fu)(fu)(fu),三命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)受位,四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)受器(qi),五命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)赐则,六(liu)(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)赐官,七(qi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)赐国(guo)(guo),八命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)作(zuo)牧,九(jiu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)作(zuo)伯(bo)。”伯(bo)则分陕(shan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)公者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)九(jiu)等者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)《典命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》上(shang)(shang)(shang)公九(jiu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),侯(hou)伯(bo)七(qi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)五命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming);大(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)孤四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),公侯(hou)伯(bo)卿三命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再(zai)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),士(shi)(shi)一(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming);子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)卿二命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),士(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)三公八命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),其(qi)(qi)卿六(liu)(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),上(shang)(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)三命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),中(zhong)(zhong)士(shi)(shi)二命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),下(xia)士(shi)(shi)一(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。此经虽无(wu)(wu)士(shi)(shi),郑(zheng)(zheng)总(zong)(zong)解(jie)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)臣(chen)、后夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妻(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,故(gu)(gu)兼言(yan)士(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“君(jun)(jun)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),君(jun)(jun)中(zhong)(zhong)总(zong)(zong)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)。云(yun)“后夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)亦命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)妻(qi)矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《礼记》云(yun):“夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)於(wu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),自鲁昭公始也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”由昭公娶同(tong)(tong)姓不(bu)(bu)告天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦不(bu)(bu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),明臣(chen)妻(qi)皆(jie)得后夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)言(yan)此者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经云(yun)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu),不(bu)(bu)辨天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen),则天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)下(xia)但是(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)妻(qi)皆(jie)是(shi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“此所为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)凡六(liu)(liu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)六(liu)(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),六(liu)(liu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),谓(wei)世父(fu)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),叔父(fu)二也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)三也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),昆四(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),弟(di)(di)五也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),昆弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)六(liu)(liu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);六(liu)(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),世母(mu)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),叔母(mu)二也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),姑(gu)三也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),姊(zi)(zi)四(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),妹五也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),女(nv)(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)六(liu)(liu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“无(wu)(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)(wu)祭主(zhu)(zhu),谓(wei)姑(gu)姊(zi)(zi)妹女(nv)(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,郑(zheng)(zheng)言(yan)此者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经六(liu)(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)中(zhong)(zhong)有世母(mu)、叔母(mu),故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)辨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)世母(mu)、叔母(mu)无(wu)(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)有主(zhu)(zhu)皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期,故(gu)(gu)知唯(wei)据(ju)此四(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)而言(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“其(qi)(qi)有祭主(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)如众(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),自为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)功(gong)矣。云(yun)“唯(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)报(bao),男(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)同(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)报(bao)尔”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)男(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)俱为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)父(fu)母(mu)三年,父(fu)母(mu)唯(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)长(zhang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)斩,其(qi)(qi)馀(yu)降(jiang)(jiang),何得言(yan)报(bao),故(gu)(gu)知子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)兼男(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv),是(shi)知传唯(wei)据(ju)女(nv)(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。云(yun)“大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)曷为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)姑(gu)姊(zi)(zi)妹女(nv)(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),既以(yi)(yi)(yi)出降(jiang)(jiang),其(qi)(qi)適士(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)尊降(jiang)(jiang)在小功(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此亦六(liu)(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)中(zhong)(zhong)有二母(mu),故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)辨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)尊於(wu)朝”已(yi)(yi)下(xia),郑(zheng)(zheng)亦解(jie)姑(gu)姊(zi)(zi)妹女(nv)(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),贵与已(yi)(yi)同(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。若(ruo)然,案《曲礼》云(yun):“四(si)十(shi)强,而仕,五十(shi)艾,服(fu)(fu)(fu)官政(zheng),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。”何得大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)又(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)?又(you)何得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)?五十(shi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),自是(shi)常法(fa),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有德行茂盛(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),岂待(dai)五十(shi)乃命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎?是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)《殇小功(gong)》有大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)昆弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)殇,大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)既为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兄弟(di)(di)殇,明是(shi)幼为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。举此一(yi)隅,不(bu)(bu)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)常法(fa)相难也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

大夫(fu)为(wei)祖父母(mu)、適孙为(wei)士(shi)者,

[疏]“大夫”至“为士者”。
  ○释曰:祖(zu)与(yu)孙(sun)为士(shi)卑(bei),故次在此(ci)也。

传(chuan)曰:何以(yi)期(qi)也(ye)?大夫(fu)不敢(gan)降(jiang)其祖与(yu)適(shi)也(ye)。不敢(gan)降(jiang)其祖与(yu)適(shi),则可降(jiang)其旁(pang)亲也(ye)。

[疏]注“不敢”至“亲也”。
  ○释曰(yue):大夫以尊降(jiang)其旁(pang)(pang)亲(qin),虽有差约,不(bu)(bu)显著(zhu),故(gu)於(wu)此(ci)更明之。经(jing)云(yun)不(bu)(bu)降(jiang)祖(zu)与適,明於(wu)馀(yu)亲(qin)降(jiang)可知(zhi),大夫降(jiang)旁(pang)(pang)亲(qin)明矣。

公妾(qie)以及士妾(qie)为其父母。

[疏]“公妾”至“父母”。
  ○释曰:以出嫁为其(qi)父(fu)母,亦(yi)重出其(qi)文(wen),故次在此(ci)。云“公(gong)”,谓五等诸侯皆有(you)(you)八妾,士(shi)谓一妻(qi)(qi)一妾,中间犹有(you)(you)孤,犹有(you)(you)卿(qing)大夫妻(qi)(qi),不言之者,举(ju)其(qi)极尊卑,其(qi)中有(you)(you)妾,为父(fu)母可知(zhi)。

传(chuan)曰(yue):何以期(qi)也(ye)?妾不(bu)得体君(jun),得为其(qi)父(fu)母(mu)遂也(ye)。然则女君(jun)有以尊降(jiang)其(qi)父(fu)母(mu)者与?《春秋》之(zhi)义(yi),“虽为天王后,犹(you)曰(yue)吾季(ji)姜”。是(shi)言子尊不(bu)加於父(fu)母(mu),此传(chuan)似误矣。礼,妾从(cong)女君(jun)而(er)服其(qi)党服,是(shi)嫌不(bu)自(zi)服期(qi)父(fu)母(mu),故以明之(zhi)。

[疏]“传曰”至“遂也”。
  ○释曰:传曰“何以期也”,问者,以公子为君厌,为己母不在五服,又为己母党无服。公妾既不得体君,君不厌,故妾为父母得伸,遂而服期也。
  ○注“然则”至“明之”。
  ○释曰(yue):郑(zheng)欲破传(chuan)义,故(gu)(gu)(gu)据(ju)传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“妾不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)体君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)得(de)(de)为(wei)其(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)遂也(ye)”,然则(ze)女君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)体君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe),有(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)尊降(jiang)其(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)者(zhe)(zhe)与,言(yan)“与”,犹不(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)执之(zhi)(zhi)辞也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《春秋(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)义”者(zhe)(zhe),案桓九(jiu)年《左传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“纪季(ji)姜(jiang)归(gui)于京师”,杜云(yun)(yun)(yun):“季(ji)姜(jiang),桓王后也(ye)。季(ji),字姜(jiang)。纪,姓也(ye)。书字者(zhe)(zhe),伸(shen)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)尊。”是(shi)(shi)王后犹不(bu)(bu)(bu)待(dai)降(jiang)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu),是(shi)(shi)子尊不(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)。传(chuan)何云(yun)(yun)(yun)妾不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)体君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)乎(hu)?岂可(ke)女君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)其(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu),是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“传(chuan)似(si)误(wu)矣(yi)”。言(yan)“似(si)”,亦是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)执,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)似(si),其(qi)(qi)实(shi)误(wu)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼妾从(cong)(cong)女君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)而(er)服其(qi)(qi)党服”者(zhe)(zhe),《杂记》文(wen)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)(shi)嫌(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)自服其(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)明之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)既以(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)为(wei)误(wu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)自解之(zhi)(zhi)。郑(zheng)必不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)传(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe),一则(ze)以(yi)(yi)女君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)降(jiang)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu),二则(ze)经文(wen)兼有(you)(you)卿大夫士,何得(de)(de)专据(ju)公子以(yi)(yi)决父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)乎(hu)?是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)传(chuan)为(wei)误(wu)也(ye)。

疏衰裳(shang)齐、牡麻绖,无(wu)受者(zhe)。无(wu)受者(zhe),服(fu)是服(fu)而除,不以轻服(fu)受之。不著月数者(zhe),天子诸侯葬(zang)异月也。《小记》曰:“齐衰三(san)月,与大功(gong)同者(zhe)绳履。”

[疏]“疏衰”至“受者”。
  ○释曰:此《齐衰三月章》以其义服,日月又少,故在《不杖章》下。上皆言冠带,此及下传大功皆不言冠带者,以其轻,故略之。至正大功言冠,见其正犹不言带,緦麻又直言緦麻,馀又略之。若然,《礼记》云齐衰居垩室者,据期,故谯周亦云:“齐衰三月,不居垩室。”
  ○注“无受”至“绳履”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)“无(wu)受(shou)者(zhe),服(fu)(fu)(fu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)而除(chu),不以(yi)(yi)(yi)轻服(fu)(fu)(fu)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),凡变除(chu),皆(jie)因葬(zang)(zang)练祥乃行(xing)。但此(ci)服(fu)(fu)(fu)至(zhi)葬(zang)(zang)即(ji)除(chu),无(wu)变服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)服(fu)(fu)(fu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)而除(chu)。若(ruo)大(da)功(gong)已上,至(zhi)葬(zang)(zang)后(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)轻服(fu)(fu)(fu)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)斩衰(shuai)三升(sheng),冠(guan)六升(sheng),葬(zang)(zang)后(hou)受(shou)衰(shuai)六升(sheng),是(shi)(shi)(shi)更(geng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)轻服(fu)(fu)(fu)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)“不著(zhu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)数者(zhe),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)葬(zang)(zang)异(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)”者(zhe),大(da)夫士(shi)三月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)葬(zang)(zang),此(ci)章皆(jie)三月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)葬(zang)(zang)后(hou)除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)三月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)主。三月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe),法一时天(tian)(tian)气变,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但此(ci)经中有(you)寄公为(wei)所寓,又(you)有(you)旧(jiu)君(jun),旧(jiu)君(jun)中兼天(tian)(tian)子(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),又(you)有(you)“庶人(ren)为(wei)国君(jun)”,郑(zheng)云(yun):“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)畿(ji)内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民服(fu)(fu)(fu),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)亦(yi)如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。”但天(tian)(tian)子(zi)七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)葬(zang)(zang),诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)五月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)葬(zang)(zang),为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐衰(shuai)者(zhe),皆(jie)三月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),藏其服(fu)(fu)(fu)至(zhi)葬(zang)(zang)更(geng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),葬(zang)(zang)后(hou)乃除(chu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)不得言少(shao)(shao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)包多(duo),亦(yi)不得言多(duo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)包少(shao)(shao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)不著(zhu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)数者(zhe),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)葬(zang)(zang)异(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)。云(yun)“《小记(ji)》”者(zhe),彼记(ji)人(ren)见此(ci)丧服(fu)(fu)(fu)齐衰(shuai)三月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),与(yu)大(da)功(gong)皆(jie)不言屦,故(gu)(gu)(gu)解此(ci)二章同绳屦。是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)还引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),证(zheng)此(ci)章著(zhu)绳屦也(ye)。

寄(ji)公为所寓。寓,亦(yi)寄(ji)也。为所寄(ji)之(zhi)国君服。

[疏]“寄公为所寓”。
  ○注“寓亦”至“君服”。
  ○释曰:此(ci)章论义服,故(gu)以疏者为(wei)首,故(gu)寄(ji)(ji)公在前(qian)。言寓(yu)亦(yi)寄(ji)(ji)者,《诗·式微》云(yun)(yun):“黎侯寓(yu)於卫。”寓(yu)即寄(ji)(ji),其(qi)义同(tong),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“寓(yu)亦(yi)寄(ji)(ji)也”。作文之(zhi)势,不可重言,寄(ji)(ji)公为(wei)所寄(ji)(ji),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)寓(yu)也。

传(chuan)曰(yue):寄公者(zhe)何也?失地之(zhi)君也。何以为所寓服(fu)齐衰三月(yue)也?言与民同也。诸侯五月(yue)而(er)(er)葬(zang)(zang),而(er)(er)服(fu)齐衰三月(yue)者(zhe),三月(yue)而(er)(er)藏(zang)其(qi)服(fu),至葬(zang)(zang)又反服(fu)之(zhi),既葬(zang)(zang)而(er)(er)除之(zhi)。

[疏]“传曰”至“同也”。
  ○释曰:传依上例,执所不知称者何,问比例者等,是诸侯各有国土,而寄在他国,故发问也。“失地之君也”,答辞也。失地君者,谓若《礼记·射义》贡士不得其人数有让,数有让,黜爵削地,削地尽,君则寄在他国。《诗·式微》“黎侯寓於卫”,彼为狄人所迫逐,寄在卫,黎之臣子劝以归,是失地之君,为卫侯服齐衰三月,藏其服,至葬更服,葬讫,乃除也。云“言与民同也”者,以客在主国,得主君之恩,故报主君与民同。则民亦服之三月,藏其服,至葬又反服之,既葬讫,乃除也。
  ○注“诸侯”至“除之”。
  ○释曰:上以释变除(chu)要待葬后(hou),诸(zhu)侯(hou)五月(yue)葬,而言三(san)(san)月(yue),故知(zhi)三(san)(san)月(yue)藏(zang)服,至葬更服,葬后(hou)乃除(chu)可知(zhi)。不(bu)於章首言之,欲(yu)就三(san)(san)月(yue)之下解之故也。

丈(zhang)夫、妇人为宗(zong)住⒂宗(zong)子(zi)之母(mu)、妻。妇人,女子(zi)子(zi)在室及嫁归宗(zong)者也。宗(zong)子(zi),继别之后,百世不迁(qian),所谓(wei)大宗(zong)也。

[疏]“丈夫”至“母妻”。
  ○释曰:此与大宗同宗,亲如寄公为所寓,故次在此。言丈夫、妇人者,谓同宗男子、女子皆为大宗子,并宗子母、妻齐衰三月也。
  ○注“妇人”至“大宗也”。
  ○释(shi)曰:此经为(wei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子,谓与大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)别,高(gao)祖之(zhi)(zhi)人皆服三月(yue)也(ye)。案《斩章》女子子在室(shi),及女反在父室(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)。又(you)《不杖章》中归宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇人,为(wei)当家小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)亲者(zhe)(zhe)期,为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)疏者(zhe)(zhe)三月(yue)也(ye)。云(yun)“宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子继别之(zhi)(zhi)后”者(zhe)(zhe),案《丧(sang)服小(xiao)记》及《大(da)(da)(da)传》云(yun)“继别为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”,又(you)云(yun)“有(you)(you)五世则迁之(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”,小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)有(you)(you)四是(shi)也(ye)。有(you)(you)百(bai)世不迁之(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),继别为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)是(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)“所(suo)谓大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),即上文大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)尊之(zhi)(zhi)统是(shi)也(ye)。

传曰:何以服齐衰三月也(ye)(ye)(ye)?尊祖也(ye)(ye)(ye)。尊祖故(gu)敬宗(zong)。敬宗(zong)者(zhe),尊祖之(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)。宗(zong)子之(zhi)母在,则不为宗(zong)子之(zhi)妻(qi)服也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

[疏]“传曰”至“妻服也”。
  ○释曰(yue):传以(yi)丈夫妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)与(yu)宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)服绝(jue),而越大功、小功与(yu)曾祖(zu)(zu)同(tong),怪其大重(zhong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)问比例,何以(yi)服齐(qi)衰三月(yue)?云(yun)(yun)(yun)“尊(zun)(zun)祖(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”,至之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye),答辞(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。祖(zu)(zu)谓别(bie)(bie)子(zi)(zi)为祖(zu)(zu),百世不(bu)迁之(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)。当祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)日,同(tong)宗(zong)(zong)皆来陪位及助祭(ji),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)尊(zun)(zun)祖(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“尊(zun)(zun)祖(zu)(zu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)敬(jing)宗(zong)(zong)”者,是(shi)百世不(bu)迁之(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong),大宗(zong)(zong)者尊(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)统,故(gu)(gu)(gu)同(tong)宗(zong)(zong)敬(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“敬(jing)宗(zong)(zong)者尊(zun)(zun)祖(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,以(yi)宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)奉事别(bie)(bie)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu),是(shi)尊(zun)(zun)祖(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)(mu)在(zai)(zai)则(ze)不(bu)为宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)妻服也(ye)(ye)(ye)者,谓宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)父已卒,宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)主其祭(ji)。《王制》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“八十(shi)齐(qi)丧之(zhi)(zhi)事不(bu)与(yu)。”则(ze)母(mu)(mu)七(qi)十(shi)亦(yi)不(bu)与(yu)。今宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)母(mu)(mu)在(zai)(zai),未年七(qi)十(shi),母(mu)(mu)自(zi)与(yu)祭(ji),母(mu)(mu)死,宗(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)为之(zhi)(zhi)服。宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)母(mu)(mu)七(qi)十(shi)已上,则(ze)宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)妻得(de)与(yu)祭(ji),宗(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)乃为宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)妻服,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)。必为宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)母(mu)(mu)、妻服者,以(yi)宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)燕(yan)食(shi)族人(ren)(ren)(ren)於(wu)(wu)堂(tang),其母(mu)(mu)、妻亦(yi)燕(yan)食(shi)族人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)妇於(wu)(wu)房,皆序(xu)以(yi)昭(zhao)穆,故(gu)(gu)(gu)族人(ren)(ren)(ren)为之(zhi)(zhi)服也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

为旧(jiu)君、君之母、妻。

[疏]“为旧君君之母妻”。
  ○释曰:旧(jiu)君(jun),旧(jiu)蒙恩深(shen),以对於父(fu),今虽退归田野,不(bu)(bu)忘旧(jiu)德,故次在(zai)宗子之下也。但为(wei)旧(jiu)君(jun)有二(er):一(yi)则致(zhi)(zhi)仕(shi)(shi),二(er)则待(dai)放(fang)未去(qu)。此(ci)则致(zhi)(zhi)仕(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)也。不(bu)(bu)云“旧(jiu)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)”,而云“旧(jiu)君(jun)”者(zhe)(zhe),若云旧(jiu)臣(chen)(chen)(chen),言(yan)谓(wei)旧(jiu)君(jun)为(wei)之,非《丧服》体例,故云旧(jiu)君(jun)。若《斩章》云父(fu)君(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)则臣(chen)(chen)(chen)子为(wei)之。此(ci)不(bu)(bu)复言(yan)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)法(fa),如君(jun)也。

传曰:为旧君(jun)者(zhe)(zhe),孰谓也(ye)(ye)(ye)?仕(shi)焉(yan)而(er)(er)(er)已者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。何(he)以服齐衰三月也(ye)(ye)(ye)?言(yan)与(yu)民同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。君(jun)之母、妻,则小君(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。仕(shi)焉(yan)而(er)(er)(er)已者(zhe)(zhe),谓老(lao)若(ruo)有废疾(ji)而(er)(er)(er)致(zhi)仕(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。为小君(jun)服者(zhe)(zhe),恩深於民。

[疏]“传曰”至“小君也”。
  ○释曰:云“为旧君者孰谓也”者,此经上下臣为旧君有二,故发问云孰谓也。云“仕焉而已者也”者,答辞也。传意以下为旧君,是待放之臣,以此为致仕之臣也。云“何以服齐衰三月”者,怪其旧服斩衰,今服三月也。云“言与民同也”者,以本义合,且今义已断,故抑之使与民同也。云“君之母妻则小君也”者,虽前后不得同时,皆是小君,故齐衰三月,恩深於人故也。
  ○注“仕焉”至“於民”。
  ○释(shi)曰:云(yun)“仕(shi)焉(yan)而(er)已”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)老(lao)若有(you)废疾而(er)致仕(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),此解仕(shi)焉(yan)而(er)已。有(you)仕(shi)已老(lao)者(zhe)(zhe),《曲礼(li)》云(yun)“大夫七(qi)十而(er)致仕(shi)”,云(yun)有(you)废疾者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)未七(qi)十而(er)有(you)废疾,亦致仕(shi),是致仕(shi)之中有(you)二也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“为(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)君(jun)服者(zhe)(zhe),恩(en)深於(wu)民也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)文庶人为(wei)国君(jun),无小(xiao)(xiao)君(jun),是恩(en)浅;此为(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)君(jun),是恩(en)深於(wu)民也(ye)(ye)。

庶人为国(guo)君。不言民而言庶人,庶人或有(you)在官者。天子畿内之(zhi)民,服天子亦如之(zhi)。

[疏]“庶人为国君”。
  ○注“不言”至“如之”。
  ○释曰:案《论语》云:“民(min)可使由之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)可使知之(zhi)(zhi)。”注云:“民(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),冥也(ye)。其见人(ren)(ren)(ren)道远。”案《王制(zhi)》云:“庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)官(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其禄以(yi)是(shi)为(wei)差也(ye)。”庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)谓府史胥徒。经不(bu)言(yan)民(min)而(er)言(yan)庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)或有在(zai)官(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据在(zai)官(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。《檀弓》云:“君之(zhi)(zhi)丧,诸达官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)长杖。”谓士大(da)夫为(wei)君杖,则庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)为(wei)君杖,斩(zhan)则下同於民(min)三月(yue)(yue)也(ye)。云“天(tian)子(zi)畿(ji)内之(zhi)(zhi)民(min)亦(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其畿(ji)外上公五(wu)百里(li),侯四百里(li)已下,其民(min)皆(jie)服君三月(yue)(yue),则畿(ji)内千里(li),是(shi)专(zhuan)属天(tian)子(zi),故(gu)知为(wei)天(tian)子(zi)亦(yi)如诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)境内也(ye)。

大(da)夫在外,其妻(qi)、长子(zi)为(wei)旧国君。在外,待放(fang)已去(qu)者。

[疏]“大夫”至“国君”。
  ○注“在外待放已去者”。
  ○释曰(yue):此大(da)夫(fu)(fu)在外,不(bu)言(yan)为本(ben)君服(fu)与不(bu)服(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《杂(za)记》云(yun):“违诸(zhu)侯(hou)之大(da)夫(fu)(fu)不(bu)反(fan)服(fu),违大(da)夫(fu)(fu)之诸(zhu)侯(hou)不(bu)反(fan)服(fu)。”以(yi)(yi)其尊(zun)卑不(bu)敌(di)。若然,其君尊(zun)卑敌(di),乃反(fan)服(fu)旧君服(fu)。则此大(da)夫(fu)(fu)已去他国,不(bu)言(yan)服(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)其君尊(zun)卑不(bu)敌(di),不(bu)反(fan)服(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye),是(shi)以(yi)(yi)直言(yan)其妻长(zhang)(zhang)子为旧国君,注云(yun)“在外待放已去者(zhe)(zhe)”。知(zhi)是(shi)待放已去者(zhe)(zhe),对上下文而知(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)其上传以(yi)(yi)为仕焉,而已下传云(yun)而犹(you)未绝(jue),此传云(yun)“长(zhang)(zhang)子言(yan)未去”,明身(shen)是(shi)已去他国,与本(ben)国绝(jue)者(zhe)(zhe),故郑云(yun)待放已去者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。

传曰(yue):何(he)以服(fu)齐(qi)衰三月也(ye)?妻,言(yan)与民同也(ye)。长子(zi),言(yan)未去也(ye)。妻虽从夫(fu)而出,古者大夫(fu)不外(wai)娶,妇人归宗(zong),往来犹民也(ye)。《春秋传》曰(yue):“大夫(fu)越竟逆女,非礼。”君臣有合离之义,长子(zi)去,可以无服(fu)。

[疏]“传曰”至“未去也”。
  ○释曰:并服而问者,怪其重,何者,妻本从夫服君,今夫已绝,妻不合服而服之;长子本为君斩者,亦大夫之子得行大夫礼,从父而服之,今父已绝於君,亦当不服矣,而皆服衰三月,故发问也。
  ○注“妻虽”至“无服”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)“妻(qi)虽从(cong)夫(fu)(fu)而(er)(er)出,古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)大夫(fu)(fu)不外(wai)(wai)娶(qu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑欲(yu)解(jie)传云(yun)“妻(qi)言与民同”之(zhi)(zhi)意。以(yi)古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不外(wai)(wai)娶(qu),是(shi)当(dang)国娶(qu)妇(fu),妇(fu)是(shi)当(dang)国之(zhi)(zhi)女(nv),今身与妻(qi)俱(ju)出他(ta)国,大夫(fu)(fu)虽绝而(er)(er)妻(qi)归宗(zong),往来犹(you)是(shi)本国之(zhi)(zhi)民。其归者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)《期章》云(yun)“为昆弟之(zhi)(zhi)为父后(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,曰小(xiao)宗(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)也。云(yun)“《春(chun)秋》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《春(chun)秋公羊传》庄(zhuang)二十(shi)七年“莒庆来逆叔姬”,《传》曰:“大夫(fu)(fu)越竟逆女(nv),非礼。”彼(bi)云(yun)妇(fu),此云(yun)女(nv),郑以(yi)义言之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)其未至夫(fu)(fu)家,故云(yun)女(nv)。引之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)大夫(fu)(fu)不外(wai)(wai)娶(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)事。云(yun)“君臣有合(he)离之(zhi)(zhi)义”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓谏(jian)争从(cong)臣,是(shi)有义则(ze)合(he)三谏(jian),不从(cong)是(shi)无义,则(ze)离子既随(sui)父,故去可以(yi)无服(fu)矣。

继父不同(tong)居者。尝同(tong)居,今(jin)不同(tong)。

[疏]“继父不同居者”。
  ○注“尝同居今不同”。
  ○释曰:此(ci)则《期(qi)章》云“必尝同居,然后为异居”者(zhe)也。但章皆(jie)有传,唯(wei)庶(shu)人为国君(jun),及此(ci)继(ji)父(fu)不(bu)传者(zhe),以其(qi)庶(shu)人已(yi)於寄公与上下旧君(jun)释讫,继(ji)父(fu)已(yi)於《期(qi)章》释了,是(shi)以皆(jie)不(bu)言也。

曾祖父母。

传曰:何以齐衰(shuai)三(san)月也(ye)(ye)(ye)?小(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)者,兄(xiong)弟之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye),不敢(gan)以兄(xiong)弟之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)服(fu)至尊(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。正(zheng)言小(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)者,服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)数尽於(wu)五,则高(gao)祖宜緦(si)麻(ma),曾(ceng)祖宜小(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。据祖期,则曾(ceng)祖宜大功(gong)(gong),高(gao)祖宜小(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。高(gao)祖、曾(ceng)祖,皆(jie)有(you)小(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)差,则曾(ceng)孙、玄孙,为之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)。重其衰(shuai)麻(ma),尊(zun)(zun)尊(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。减其日月,恩杀也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

[疏]“曾祖父母”。
  ○释曰:曾、高本合小功,加至齐衰,故次继父之下。此经直云曾祖,不言高祖,案下《緦麻章》郑注云:“族祖父者,亦高祖之孙。”则高祖有服明矣。是以此注亦兼曾、高而说也。若然,此曾祖之内合有高祖可知。不言者,见其同服故也。
  ○“传曰”至“尊也”。
  ○释曰:云“何以齐衰三月也”者,问者,怪其三月大轻,齐衰又重,故发问也。云“小功者兄弟之服也”,案下记传云凡“小功已下为兄弟”,是以云小功者兄弟之服也。云“不敢以兄弟之服服至尊也”者,传释服齐衰之意也。
  ○注“正言”至“恩杀也”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“正言(yan)(yan)小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)者(zhe),服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)尽於(wu)五(wu)”者(zhe),自斩(zhan)至緦(si)是也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“则(ze)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)宜緦(si)麻(ma),曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)宜小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)”,据为(wei)(wei)父(fu)(fu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)而言(yan)(yan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)三年。问(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“何(he)以(yi)(yi)至期(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)”,曰“至亲以(yi)(yi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)断”。“是何(he)也(ye)(ye)”,曰“天(tian)地则(ze)已易矣,四时则(ze)已变(bian)矣,其(qi)(qi)在天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)莫不更始(shi)焉(yan),以(yi)(yi)是象之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)”。彼又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“然(ran)则(ze)何(he)以(yi)(yi)三年也(ye)(ye)”,曰“加(jia)隆焉(yan)尔也(ye)(ye),焉(yan)使倍之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)再期(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)”。是本(ben)为(wei)(wei)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)加(jia)隆至三年,故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)父(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)本(ben)而上杀(sha)(sha)下(xia)杀(sha)(sha)也(ye)(ye)。是故(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)緦(si)麻(ma)者(zhe),谓(wei)为(wei)(wei)父(fu)(fu)期(qi)(qi)(qi),为(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)宜大功(gong)(gong),曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)宜小(xiao)功(gong)(gong),高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)宜緦(si)麻(ma)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“据祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)”,是为(wei)(wei)父(fu)(fu)加(jia)隆三年,为(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)宜期(qi)(qi)(qi),曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)宜大功(gong)(gong),高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)宜小(xiao)功(gong)(gong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)皆有小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)差。此郑总释传云(yun)(yun)(yun)“小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)者(zhe)兄(xiong)弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)”,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)含(han)有曾(ceng)(ceng)、高(gao)(gao)二祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)而言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“则(ze)曾(ceng)(ceng)孙(sun)玄(xuan)孙(sun)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)同也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)既兼(jian)有高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),是以(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)曾(ceng)(ceng)孙(sun)、玄(xuan)孙(sun)各为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)齐衰(shuai)三月(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“重其(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)麻(ma)尊尊也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),既不以(yi)(yi)兄(xiong)弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)至尊,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)重其(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)麻(ma),谓(wei)以(yi)(yi)义服(fu)(fu),六(liu)升(sheng)(sheng)衰(shuai),九升(sheng)(sheng)冠(guan),此尊尊者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“减(jian)其(qi)(qi)日(ri)月(yue)(yue),恩杀(sha)(sha)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),谓(wei)减(jian)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)三月(yue)(yue)者(zhe),因曾(ceng)(ceng)、高(gao)(gao)於(wu)己非一体,恩杀(sha)(sha)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。

大夫为宗子。

[疏]“大夫为宗子”。
  ○释曰:大夫尊(zun),降(jiang)旁亲皆一等,尊(zun)祖故敬(jing)宗,是(shi)以大夫虽尊(zun)不(bu)降(jiang),宗子(zi)为之三月。宗子(zi)既不(bu)降(jiang),母、妻不(bu)降(jiang)可知。

传曰:何(he)以(yi)服齐(qi)衰三月也?大夫不(bu)敢降其宗也。

[疏]“传曰”至“其宗也”。
  ○释曰:以(yi)大夫於(wu)馀(yu)亲皆(jie)降,独不(bu)降宗(zong)(zong)子(zi),故并服而问。答云“不(bu)敢降其宗(zong)(zong)也”者,於(wu)馀(yu)亲则(ze)降也。

旧(jiu)君。大夫待放未去者。

[疏]“旧君”。
  ○注“大夫待放未去者”。
  ○释曰:此(ci)(ci)旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)以重出(chu),故次在(zai)此(ci)(ci)也(ye)。郑知此(ci)(ci)旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)是待放未(wei)去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)夫者,郑据传(chuan)而(er)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)。案(an)上下四经皆为(wei)(wei)(wei)旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun),不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)国(guo)(guo)。庶人为(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)言(yan)(yan)国(guo)(guo),其妻、长(zhang)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)旧(jiu)(jiu)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)言(yan)(yan)国(guo)(guo),此(ci)(ci)旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)又不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)国(guo)(guo)者,据继在(zai)土地,而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu),正如为(wei)(wei)(wei)旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)止,是不(bu)(bu)敢进同臣例,故服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)三月,非为(wei)(wei)(wei)土地,故不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)国(guo)(guo)。庶人本继土地,故言(yan)(yan)国(guo)(guo)也(ye)。其妻、长(zhang)子(zi)本为(wei)(wei)(wei)继土地,故言(yan)(yan)国(guo)(guo)。此(ci)(ci)待放未(wei)去(qu),本为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)埽其宗庙(miao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)服(fu)不(bu)(bu)继土地,故不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)国(guo)(guo)也(ye)。

传曰:大夫(fu)为旧(jiu)君,何(he)以服(fu)齐衰三月也(ye)(ye)?大夫(fu)去(qu),君埽其宗庙,故服(fu)齐衰三月也(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)与民(min)同也(ye)(ye),何(he)大夫(fu)之谓乎?言(yan)(yan)其以道去(qu)君而犹(you)未(wei)绝(jue)也(ye)(ye)。以道去(qu)君,为三谏不从(cong),待放於郊。未(wei)绝(jue)者,言(yan)(yan)爵(jue)禄(lu)尚(shang)有列於朝(chao),出入有诏於国,妻子自(zi)若民(min)也(ye)(ye)。

[疏]“传曰”至“绝也”。
  ○释曰:此为旧君服,对前已去,不服旧君。此虽未去,已在境而为服,故怪其重,所以并服而问也。又馀皆不并人问,直云何以齐衰,唯此与寄公并人而问者,所怪深重者,并人而言。至如寄公,本是体敌,一朝重服,故并言寄公。此待放之臣,已在国境,可以不服而服之,故并言大夫也。
  ○注“以道”至“若民也”。
  ○释曰(yue):云“以道去(qu)(qu)(qu)君(jun),谓三(san)(san)谏(jian)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)待放(fang)(fang)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)以道去(qu)(qu)(qu)君(jun),据三(san)(san)谏(jian)不(bu)从(cong)(cong),在(zai)境待放(fang)(fang),得(de)(de)环则(ze)还,得(de)(de)玦则(ze)去(qu)(qu)(qu)。如此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe),谓之(zhi)(zhi)以道去(qu)(qu)(qu)君(jun)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)罪放(fang)(fang)逐,若晋放(fang)(fang)胥甲父於卫之(zhi)(zhi)等,为(wei)非道去(qu)(qu)(qu)君(jun)。云“未绝(jue)者(zhe)(zhe)言(yan)爵禄(lu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)列(lie)於朝,出(chu)入(ru)有(you)(you)(you)(you)诏於国(guo)”者(zhe)(zhe),《下(xia)曲礼》文。爵禄(lu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)列(lie),谓待放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)旧(jiu)(jiu)位乃在(zai)。出(chu)入(ru)有(you)(you)(you)(you)诏於国(guo)者(zhe)(zhe),谓兄弟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)族(zu)犹(you)存,吉凶之(zhi)(zhi)事,书信(xin)往(wang)来相告不(bu)绝(jue)。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)去(qu)(qu)(qu)君(jun),埽(sao)其宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao),诏使宗(zong)(zong)(zong)族(zu)祭祀(si),为(wei)此(ci)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)虽去(qu)(qu)(qu),犹(you)为(wei)旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)服(fu)(fu)。若然,君(jun)不(bu)使埽(sao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao),爵禄(lu)已绝(jue),则(ze)是得(de)(de)玦而(er)去(qu)(qu)(qu),则(ze)亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)服(fu)(fu)矣(yi)(yi)。云“妻(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)自若民也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)郑还约(yue)上大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)在(zai)外(wai),其妻(qi)、长(zhang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)旧(jiu)(jiu)国(guo)君(jun)也(ye)。上下(xia)旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)皆(jie)不(bu)言(yan)士(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),上仕焉者(zhe)(zhe),有(you)(you)(you)(you)士(shi)(shi)可知。是以传(chuan)亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)言(yan)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),次云大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)在(zai)外(wai),言(yan)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),以其士(shi)(shi)妻(qi)亦(yi)(yi)归宗(zong)(zong)(zong),与(yu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)同。其大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)长(zhang)子(zi)(zi)(zi),父在(zai)朝,长(zhang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)得(de)(de)行大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)礼,未去(qu)(qu)(qu),为(wei)君(jun)服(fu)(fu)斩。若士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)众子(zi)(zi)(zi)同,父去(qu)(qu)(qu),子(zi)(zi)(zi)虽未去(qu)(qu)(qu),即无(wu)服(fu)(fu)矣(yi)(yi),与(yu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)长(zhang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)异,故特(te)言(yan)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)。此(ci)不(bu)言(yan)士(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)主为(wei)待放(fang)(fang)未绝(jue),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)法。士(shi)(shi)虽有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)谏(jian)不(bu)从(cong)(cong),出(chu)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),案《曲礼》逾竟,素服(fu)(fu),乘(cheng)髦(mao)马,不(bu)蚤鬋(jian),不(bu)御妇(fu)人,三(san)(san)月而(er)后,即向(xiang)他(ta)国(guo)。无(wu)待放(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)法,是出(chu)国(guo)即不(bu)服(fu)(fu)旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)矣(yi)(yi)。是以此(ci)旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)唯有(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)。若然,不(bu)言(yan)公卿及孤者(zhe)(zhe),《诗(shi)》云“三(san)(san)事大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)”,则(ze)三(san)(san)公亦(yi)(yi)号大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),则(ze)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)中总(zong)兼之(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)。

曾祖父母为士者,如众人。传(chuan)曰(yue):何以(yi)齐衰(shuai)三月也?大夫不敢降(jiang)其祖也。

[疏]“曾祖父母为士者如众人”。
  ○“传曰”至“其祖也”。
  ○释曰:问者,以大夫尊,皆降旁(pang)亲(qin),今怪其服(fu),故发问。经(jing)不言大夫,传为大夫解之者,以其言曾(ceng)祖为士者,故知(zhi)对大夫下为之服(fu),明知(zhi)曾(ceng)孙是大夫。

女子(zi)子(zi)嫁者、未嫁者为曾祖父母。

[疏]“女子子”至“未嫁”。
  ○释曰:此亦重(zhong)出(chu),故次在(zai)男子曾(ceng)孙下(xia)也。但未嫁(jia)者同(tong)於前(qian)故曾(ceng)祖父(fu)母,今并(bing)言者,女子子有嫁(jia)逆(ni)降之理(li),故因(yin)已嫁(jia),并(bing)言未嫁(jia)。

传曰(yue):嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe),其嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)於大夫者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。未嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe),其成人而未嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。何以服(fu)齐衰三月(yue)?不(bu)敢降其祖也(ye)。言嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)於大夫者(zhe)(zhe),明(ming)虽(sui)尊犹不(bu)降也(ye)。成人谓年(nian)二十已笄(ji)醴(li)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。此著(zhu)不(bu)降,明(ming)有所(suo)降。

[疏]注“言嫁”至“所降”。
  ○释曰:云“言(yan)(yan)嫁(jia)於大(da)夫者(zhe),明(ming)虽尊犹不(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)举(ju)(ju)尊以(yi)(yi)见卑,欲明(ming)適士者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)下不(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)可知也(ye)(ye)。云“成人(ren)谓年二十已笄(ji)醴者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其云“成人(ren)”,明(ming)据二十已笄(ji)以(yi)(yi)醴礼(li)之。若十五许(xu)嫁(jia),亦笄(ji)为(wei)成人(ren),亦得(de)降(jiang)(jiang),与出嫁(jia)同。但郑据二十不(bu)(bu)(bu)许(xu)嫁(jia)者(zhe)而(er)言(yan)(yan)之,案(an)上章为(wei)祖(zu)(zu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu),本无降(jiang)(jiang)理,不(bu)(bu)(bu)须言(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢。又女(nv)子(zi)子(zi)为(wei)祖(zu)(zu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu),传亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢言(yan)(yan)降(jiang)(jiang)其祖(zu)(zu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu),传不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢降(jiang)(jiang)其祖(zu)(zu)者(zhe),至(zhi)此(ci)乃言(yan)(yan)者(zhe),谓曾(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)轻,尚不(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang),况(kuang)祖(zu)(zu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)重(zhong)者(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)可知。是举(ju)(ju)轻以(yi)(yi)见重(zhong)也(ye)(ye)。云“此(ci)著不(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang),明(ming)有所降(jiang)(jiang)”者(zhe),案(an)《大(da)功章》女(nv)子(zi)子(zi)嫁(jia)者(zhe)、未嫁(jia)者(zhe)为(wei)世叔父(fu)母(mu)(mu),如此(ci)类是有所降(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye),馀者(zhe)皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)次。

大功(gong)布衰裳、牡麻绖(die),无受(shou)者。大功(gong)布者,其锻治之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)粗沽之(zhi)(zhi)。

[疏]“大功”至“受者”。
  ○释曰:章次此者,以其本服齐衰斩,为殇死,降在大功,故在正大功之上,义齐衰之下也。不云月数者,下文有缨绖、无缨绖,须言七月、九月,彼已见月,故於此略之。且此经与前不同,前《期章》具文,於前《杖章》下《不杖章》直言其异者,此殇《大功章》首为文略,於正具文者,欲见殇不成人故,故前略后具,亦见相参取义。云“无受”者,以传云殇文不缛,不以轻服受之。
  ○注“大功”至“沽之”。
  ○释(shi)曰:云(yun)“大(da)功(gong)(gong)布者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其锻治(zhi)之(zhi)功(gong)(gong)粗沽(gu)之(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),斩粗皆不(bu)言(yan)布与功(gong)(gong),以(yi)其哀(ai)痛极,未可言(yan)布体与人(ren)功(gong)(gong),至此轻,可以(yi)见之(zhi)。言(yan)大(da)功(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《斩衰(shuai)章》传(chuan)云(yun)冠六(liu)升(sheng)不(bu)加(jia)灰,则此七升(sheng)言(yan)锻治(zhi),可以(yi)加(jia)灰矣(yi),但(dan)粗沽(gu)而已。若然(ran),言(yan)大(da)功(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),用功(gong)(gong)粗大(da),故(gu)沽(gu)疏,其言(yan)小者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),对(dui)大(da)功(gong)(gong)是用功(gong)(gong)细(xi)小。

子(zi)(zi)、女(nv)子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)之长殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中殇(shang)(shang)(shang)。殇(shang)(shang)(shang)者,男女(nv)未(wei)冠笄而(er)死,可殇(shang)(shang)(shang)者。女(nv)子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)许(xu)嫁,不为殇(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)。

[疏]“子女子子之长殇中殇”。
  ○注“殇者”至“殇也”。
  ○释曰:“子(zi)、女(nv)子(zi)子(zi)”在章(zhang)首者(zhe),以(yi)其父母(mu)於子(zi),哀(ai)痛情深,故(gu)(gu)在前。云(yun)“殇(shang)(shang)者(zhe),男(nan)女(nv)未(wei)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)笄(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe),案《礼记·丧服小记》云(yun):“男(nan)子(zi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)而(er)不为(wei)殇(shang)(shang),女(nv)子(zi)笄(ji)(ji)(ji)而(er)不为(wei)殇(shang)(shang)。”故(gu)(gu)知男(nan)女(nv)未(wei)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)笄(ji)(ji)(ji)而(er)死(si)可哀(ai)殇(shang)(shang)者(zhe)。女(nv)子(zi)子(zi)许(xu)嫁(jia)不为(wei)殇(shang)(shang)者(zhe),女(nv)子(zi)笄(ji)(ji)(ji)与(yu)男(nan)子(zi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)同(tong)(tong),明许(xu)嫁(jia)笄(ji)(ji)(ji),虽(sui)未(wei)出,亦为(wei)成人,不为(wei)殇(shang)(shang)可知。兄弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)亦同(tong)(tong)此(ci),而(er)不别言者(zhe),以(yi)其兄弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)犹子(zi),明同(tong)(tong)於子(zi),故(gu)(gu)不言。且中殇(shang)(shang)或从(cong)上,或从(cong)下(xia),是则殇(shang)(shang)有三等(deng)(deng)(deng),制服唯(wei)有二(er)等(deng)(deng)(deng)者(zhe),欲使大功(gong)下(xia)殇(shang)(shang)有服故(gu)(gu)也。若服,亦三等(deng)(deng)(deng),则大功(gong)下(xia)殇(shang)(shang)无服,故(gu)(gu)圣(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)意然(ran)也。

传(chuan)曰(yue):何以(yi)(yi)大(da)功也(ye)?未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)人也(ye)。何以(yi)(yi)无(wu)受也(ye)?丧成(cheng)(cheng)人者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其(qi)(qi)文(wen)缛(ru),丧未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)人者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其(qi)(qi)文(wen)不缛(ru),故殇(shang)之(zhi)绖不樛(jiu)垂(chui)(chui),盖未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)人也(ye)。年十(shi)九至十(shi)六为长殇(shang),十(shi)五至十(shi)二为中殇(shang),十(shi)一(yi)至八(ba)岁(sui)为下殇(shang),不满八(ba)岁(sui)以(yi)(yi)下皆(jie)为无(wu)服(fu)之(zhi)殇(shang)。无(wu)服(fu)之(zhi)殇(shang)以(yi)(yi)日(ri)易(yi)月,以(yi)(yi)日(ri)易(yi)月之(zhi)殇(shang),殇(shang)而无(wu)服(fu)。故子(zi)生三月则父名之(zhi),死则哭(ku)之(zhi),未(wei)(wei)名则不哭(ku)也(ye)。缛(ru)犹数也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)文(wen)数者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓变除之(zhi)节也(ye)。不樛(jiu)垂(chui)(chui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不绞其(qi)(qi)带之(zhi)垂(chui)(chui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。《杂记》曰(yue):“大(da)功以(yi)(yi)上散带。”以(yi)(yi)日(ri)易(yi)月,谓生一(yi)月者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)哭(ku)之(zhi)一(yi)日(ri)也(ye)。殇(shang)而无(wu)服(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),哭(ku)之(zhi)而已。为昆(kun)弟之(zhi)子(zi)、女(nv)子(zi)子(zi)亦(yi)如(ru)之(zhi)。凡言(yan)子(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),可以(yi)(yi)兼男女(nv)。又云女(nv)子(zi)子(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),殊(shu)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)子(zi),关適庶也(ye)。

[疏]“传曰”至“不哭也”。
  ○释曰:云“何以大功也”,问者,以成人皆期,今乃大功,故发问也。云“未成人也”者,答辞。以其未成人,故降至大功。云“何以无受也”,问者,以其成人至葬后皆以轻服受之,今丧未成人,即无受,故发问也。云“丧成人者其文缛”已下,答辞。遂因广解四等之殇,年数之别,并哭与不哭,具列其文。但此殇次成人,是以从长以及下,与无服之殇又三等殇,皆以四年为差,取法四时穀物变易故也。又以八岁巳上为有服,七岁已下为无服者,案《家语·本命》云:“男子八月生齿,八岁龀齿,女子七月生齿,七岁龀齿。”今传据男子而言,故八岁已上为有服之殇也。传必以三月造名,始哭之者,以其三月一时天气变,有所识眄,人所加怜,故据名为限也。云“未名则不哭也”者,不止依以日易月而哭,初死亦当有哭而已。
  ○注“缛犹”至“庶也”。
  ○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)文数者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓变(bian)(bian)除(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧,既(ji)葬,以(yi)(yi)轻服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),又(you)(you)变(bian)(bian)麻服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)葛(ge),緦麻者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)除(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),至(zhi)小(xiao)祥,又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)轻服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),男(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)除(chu)(chu)於首(shou),妇(fu)人(ren)(ren)除(chu)(chu)於带(dai)(dai),是(shi)有变(bian)(bian)除(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)於殇(shang)人(ren)(ren)丧,象物不成(cheng)(cheng),则(ze)(ze)无(wu)(wu)此(ci)变(bian)(bian)除(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)数,月(yue)满则(ze)(ze)除(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“不樛垂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不绞(jiao)带(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)垂”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡丧至(zhi)小(xiao)敛(lian)皆服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),未成(cheng)(cheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)麻,麻绖(die)、麻带(dai)(dai),大(da)功以(yi)(yi)上散(san)带(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)垂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),至(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)乃(nai)绞(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),小(xiao)功以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),初而(er)绞(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今(jin)殇(shang)大(da)功,亦(yi)於小(xiao)敛(lian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)麻,散(san)垂,至(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)后,亦(yi)散(san)不绞(jiao),以(yi)(yi)示未成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren),故(gu)(gu)与(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)异(yi),亦(yi)无(wu)(wu)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,故(gu)(gu)传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)盖(gai)不成(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引《杂(za)记》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证此(ci)殇(shang)大(da)功有散(san)带(dai)(dai),要至(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)与(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)异(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)日易(yi)(yi)月(yue)”,谓生一月(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一日也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),若至(zhi)七(qi)(qi)岁,岁有十(shi)二月(yue),则(ze)(ze)八十(shi)四日哭(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)既(ji)於子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)(xia)发(fa)传(chuan),则(ze)(ze)唯据(ju)父母於子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),不关馀亲。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“殇(shang)而(er)无(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),哭(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)已”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)郑总解无(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang),以(yi)(yi)日易(yi)(yi)月(yue)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“昆弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)同(tong)是(shi)期,与(yu)众子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)同(tong)。今(jin)经(jing)传(chuan)不言(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)亦(yi)犹子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡言(yan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),可以(yi)(yi)兼(jian)男(nan)女(nv)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓若《期章(zhang)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“昆弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,是(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中兼(jian)男(nan)女(nv)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),殊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),关適(shi)(shi)庶”,关,通也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),为子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中通有长之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適(shi)(shi)。若然,成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斩(zhan)衰(shuai)三(san)年,今(jin)殇(shang)死,与(yu)众子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)同(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)殇(shang)不成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren),与(yu)穀物未熟,故(gu)(gu)同(tong)入殇(shang)大(da)功也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),故(gu)(gu)别言(yan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)见斯义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王肃、马融以(yi)(yi)为日易(yi)(yi)月(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日易(yi)(yi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue),殇(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期亲,则(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)旬(xun)有三(san)日哭(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),緦麻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)三(san)日为制。若然,哭(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)緦麻三(san)月(yue),丧与(yu)七(qi)(qi)岁同(tong)。又(you)(you)此(ci)传(chuan)承(cheng)父母子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia),而(er)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)緦麻孩子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),疏(shu)失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

叔父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),姑姊妹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),昆弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)、女子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),適(shi)(shi)孙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),大(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)適(shi)(shi)昆弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),公为(wei)適(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),大(da)夫(fu)为(wei)適(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)。公,君(jun)也(ye)。诸侯(hou)大(da)夫(fu)不降適(shi)(shi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)者(zhe),重適(shi)(shi)也(ye)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)亦如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

[疏]“叔父”至“中殇”。
  ○释曰:自此尽“大夫庶子为適昆弟之长殇中殇”,皆是成人齐衰期。长殇、中殇,殇降一等在功,故於此总见之。又皆尊卑为前后次第,作文也。云公为適子,大夫为適子,皆是正统,成人斩衰。今为殇死,不得著代,故入大功。特言適子者,天子诸侯於庶子,则绝而无服,大夫於庶子降一等,故於此不言,唯言適子也。若然,二適在下者,亦为重出其文故也。
  ○注“公君”至“如之”。
  ○释曰:云“公(gong),君也”者(zhe),直(zhi)言(yan)(yan)公(gong)恐(kong)是公(gong)士之(zhi)公(gong),及三公(gong)与(yu)孤皆号公(gong),故训为君,见是五等之(zhi)君,故言(yan)(yan)诸侯(hou)。言(yan)(yan)“天(tian)子亦如之(zhi)”者(zhe),以其天(tian)子与(yu)诸侯(hou)同绝宗故也。

其(qi)长殇皆九(jiu)月(yue)(yue),缨绖(die)。其(qi)中殇七月(yue)(yue),不缨绖(die)。绖(die)有缨者,为(wei)其(qi)重也。自大(da)功(gong)以上绖(die)有缨,以一(yi)条绳为(wei)之,小功(gong)巳下绖(die)无缨也。

[疏]“其长殇”至“缨绖”。
  ○注“绖有”至“无缨也”。
  ○释曰:绖(die)(die)(die)(die)之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),所以固(gu)绖(die)(die)(die)(die),犹如冠之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),以固(gu)冠,亦结於(wu)颐(yi)下(xia)也(ye)。五服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)正,无(wu)七月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu),唯(wei)此(ci)(ci)大功(gong)中殇有(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi),故《礼记》云:“九(jiu)月(yue)(yue)、七月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)丧,三时是也(ye)。”云“绖(die)(die)(die)(die)有(you)(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)者为(wei)(wei)其(qi)重也(ye)”者,以经(jing)云九(jiu)月(yue)(yue)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)绖(die)(die)(die)(die),七月(yue)(yue)不缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)绖(die)(die)(die)(die),故知绖(die)(die)(die)(die)有(you)(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),为(wei)(wei)其(qi)情重故也(ye)。“自大功(gong)已上绖(die)(die)(die)(die)有(you)(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)”,此(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)广解五服(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)、无(wu)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)事,但诸文(wen)(wen)唯(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)冠缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),不见(jian)绖(die)(die)(die)(die)有(you)(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)。郑(zheng)检此(ci)(ci)经(jing)长殇有(you)(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)法,则知成人(ren)大功(gong)已上绖(die)(die)(die)(die)有(you)(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)明(ming)(ming)矣。郑(zheng)知“一(yi)条(tiao)(tiao)绳(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)”者,见(jian)斩衰冠绳(sheng)(sheng),缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)通(tong)屈一(yi)条(tiao)(tiao)绳(sheng)(sheng),屈之(zhi)(zhi)武垂下(xia)为(wei)(wei),故知此(ci)(ci)绖(die)(die)(die)(die)之(zhi)(zhi)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),亦通(tong)屈一(yi)条(tiao)(tiao)属之(zhi)(zhi),绖(die)(die)(die)(die)垂下(xia)为(wei)(wei)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)可知。“小功(gong)已下(xia)绖(die)(die)(die)(die)无(wu)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)也(ye)”者,亦以此(ci)(ci)经(jing)中殇七月(yue)(yue)绖(die)(die)(die)(die)无(wu)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),明(ming)(ming)小功(gong)五月(yue)(yue)已下(xia),绖(die)(die)(die)(die)无(wu)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)可知。

大(da)功(gong)布衰(shuai)裳、牡(mu)麻(ma)绖缨、布带三月,受(shou)以小功(gong)衰(shuai),即葛九月者。受(shou)犹承也。

传(chuan)曰:大(da)功(gong)(gong)布,九升。小功(gong)(gong)布,十一升。此(ci)受(shou)之(zhi)下也(ye)(ye),以发传(chuan)者,明受(shou)尽於(wu)此(ci)也(ye)(ye)。又(you)受(shou)麻绖以葛绖。《閒传(chuan)》曰:“大(da)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)葛,与小功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)麻同。”凡天子诸(zhu)侯(hou)卿大(da)夫既虞,士(shi)卒哭而(er)受(shou)服。正言三月者,天子诸(zhu)侯(hou)无大(da)功(gong)(gong),主於(wu)大(da)夫士(shi)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)虽有君(jun)为姑姊(zi)妹女子子嫁於(wu)国君(jun)者,非内丧也(ye)(ye)。古文依(yi)此(ci)礼也(ye)(ye)。

[疏]“大功”至“月者”。
  ○注“受犹承也”。
  ○释曰:此成人《大功章》,轻於前《殇章》,既略,於此具言。
  ○“传曰”至“十一升”。
  ○注“此受之”至“礼也”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)“大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布九(jiu)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布十(shi)一升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)章(zhang)有降(jiang)、有正、有义(yi)。降(jiang)则(ze)衰(shuai)七升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),冠十(shi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng);正则(ze)衰(shuai)八升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),冠亦(yi)十(shi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng);义(yi)则(ze)衰(shuai)九(jiu)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),冠十(shi)一升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。十(shi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),降(jiang)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。十(shi)一升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),正小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。传以(yi)受(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)服(fu)不言(yan)降(jiang)大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与正大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),直云(yun)义(yi)大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之受(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑云(yun)此(ci)受(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之下,正据(ju)受(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之下发传者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),明受(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)尽(jin)於(wu)此(ci)。义(yi)服(fu)大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),以(yi)其小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)至葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang),唯(wei)有变麻(ma)(ma)服(fu)葛(ge)(ge),因故衰(shuai)无(wu)受(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)服(fu)之法,故传据(ju)义(yi)大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而言(yan)也。云(yun)“又(you)受(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)麻(ma)(ma)绖(die)以(yi)葛(ge)(ge)绖(die)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)受(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),衰(shuai)麻(ma)(ma)俱受(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),而传唯(wei)发衰(shuai),不言(yan)受(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)麻(ma)(ma)以(yi)葛(ge)(ge),故郑解之云(yun)又(you)受(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)麻(ma)(ma)以(yi)葛(ge)(ge)绖(die)。引(yin)《閒(xian)传》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证经大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)既(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang),其麻(ma)(ma)绖(die)受(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)以(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)葛(ge)(ge)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)既(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang),变麻(ma)(ma)为(wei)葛(ge)(ge),五(wu)分去一,大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)与小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)初死(si)同(tong)。即《閒(xian)传》云(yun)大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之葛(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之麻(ma)(ma)同(tong),一也,故引(yin)之为(wei)证耳。云(yun)“凡天(tian)子(zi)(zi)诸侯(hou)卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫既(ji)虞(yu),士(shi)卒哭而受(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)服(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)於(wu)《斩章(zhang)》释讫,言(yan)此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见天(tian)子(zi)(zi)七月(yue)而葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang),诸侯(hou)五(wu)月(yue)而葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang),虞(yu)而受(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)服(fu)。若然(ran),经正三月(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其天(tian)子(zi)(zi)诸侯(hou)绝旁期,无(wu)此(ci)大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)丧,以(yi)此(ci)而言(yan),经言(yan)三月(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),主(zhu)於(wu)大(da)(da)夫士(shi)三月(yue)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。若然(ran),大(da)(da)夫除死(si)月(yue)数,亦(yi)得为(wei)三月(yue)也。云(yun)“此(ci)虽(sui)有君为(wei)姑姊妹女子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)嫁於(wu)国君者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非内(nei)丧也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼国自(zi)以(yi)五(wu)月(yue)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)后服(fu),此(ci)诸侯(hou)为(wei)之,自(zi)以(yi)三月(yue)受(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)服(fu),同(tong)於(wu)大(da)(da)夫士(shi),故云(yun)“主(zhu)於(wu)大(da)(da)夫士(shi)也”。

姑(gu)、姊妹、女(nv)子子適人者。

[疏]“姑姊”至“人者”。
  ○释(shi)曰:此等并是(shi)本(ben)期(qi),出,降(jiang)大功(gong),故次在此。

传曰:何以大(da)功也(ye),出也(ye)。出必降之(zhi)者,盖有受(shou)我而(er)厚之(zhi)者。

[疏]“传曰”至“出也”。
  ○释曰:问之者,以本期,今大功,故发问也。
  ○注“出必”至“之者”。
  ○释曰:案《檀弓》云:“姑姊妹之薄也,盖有(you)受我(wo)而厚(hou)(hou)之者也。”郑取(qu)以为(wei)说。若(ruo)然,女(nv)子(zi)子(zi)出降,亦同受我(wo)而厚(hou)(hou)之,皆(jie)是於彼厚(hou)(hou),夫自(zi)为(wei)之禫杖期,故於此薄,为(wei)之大功(gong)。

从父昆弟。世父、叔(shu)父之(zhi)子也(ye),其姊(zi)妹在(zai)室亦如(ru)之(zhi)。

[疏]“从父昆弟”。
  ○注“世父”至“如之”。
  ○释(shi)曰:昆(kun)(kun)弟亲(qin)为之(zhi)期,此从父(fu)昆(kun)(kun)弟,降一(yi)等,故(gu)次姑姊妹(mei)之(zhi)下。云“其姊妹(mei)在室亦如之(zhi)”者,义当然也(ye)(ye)。谓之(zhi)从父(fu)昆(kun)(kun)弟,世叔父(fu)与祖(zu)为一(yi)体(ti),又与己父(fu)为一(yi)体(ti),缘亲(qin)以致(zhi)服,故(gu)云“从”也(ye)(ye)。降於亲(qin)兄弟一(yi)等是其常,故(gu)不传问。

为人后者为其昆弟。

[疏]“为人”至“昆弟”。
  ○释曰:在此者(zhe),以其小宗(zong)之(zhi)后大宗(zong),欲使(shi)厚於大宗(zong)之(zhi)亲,故抑(yi)之(zhi),在从(cong)父昆弟之(zhi)下(xia)。

传(chuan)曰:何以大功也?为人后者,降(jiang)其昆弟也。

[疏]“传曰”至“昆弟也”。
  ○释曰:案下记云“为(wei)人后者(zhe)於(wu)兄弟降一(yi)等(deng)”者(zhe),故大功也。若然,於(wu)本宗馀(yu)亲,皆降一(yi)等(deng)也。

庶(shu)孙。男女皆是(shi)下殇。《小功章(zhang)》曰(yue)为侄(zhi)庶(shu)孙,丈(zhang)夫妇(fu)人同。

[疏]“庶孙”。
  ○注“男女”至“妇人同”。
  ○释曰(yue):卑於昆弟(di),故(gu)(gu)次(ci)之。庶孙(sun)(sun)从父而服祖(zu)期(qi),故(gu)(gu)祖(zu)从子(zi)而服孙(sun)(sun)大(da)功,降一(yi)等(deng),亦是其常,故(gu)(gu)传亦不(bu)(bu)问也(ye)。云“男(nan)女(nv)(nv)皆是”者,女(nv)(nv)孙(sun)(sun)在室,与男(nan)孙(sun)(sun)同(tong)(tong),其义然也(ye)。引殇小功者,欲见彼殇既男(nan)女(nv)(nv)同(tong)(tong),证此(ci)成人同(tong)(tong),不(bu)(bu)异也(ye)。

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