爱上海

卷十九 十九之二

　　《昊(hao)天有(you)成命》，郊(jiao)祀天地也(ye)。

[疏]“《昊天有成命》七句”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：《昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)成(cheng)命》诗者(zhe)，郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)歌也(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)所(suo)感(gan)(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神，於(wu)(wu)北(bei)(bei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)神州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)祇(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)神祇(zhi)(zhi)佑助周(zhou)室，文、武受(shou)其(qi)(qi)灵命，王(wang)有(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下。诗人见(jian)其(qi)(qi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)，思此(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)王(wang)能受(shou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命，勤行道(dao)德，故述之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而为此(ci)(ci)歌焉(yan)。经之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)陈(chen)，皆(jie)(jie)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文、武施行道(dao)德，抚民(min)不(bu)倦(juan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)感(gan)(gan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神者(zhe)，周(zhou)人木德，感(gan)(gan)苍(cang)帝(di)灵威(wei)仰而生(sheng)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。神州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神，则(ze)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)北(bei)(bei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。此(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)者(zhe)，虽南(nan)北(bei)(bei)有(you)异，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)俱(ju)在(zai)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，故总言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案《礼》，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)，非止一事。此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)，不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)所(suo)祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神，但祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，而天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)相对，唯有(you)此(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)神耳。何者(zhe)？《春(chun)官·大(da)司(si)乐(le)职》曰：“冬(dong)日至(zhi)(zhi)，於(wu)(wu)地(di)上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圜丘(qiu)，奏乐(le)六变(bian)，则(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神皆(jie)(jie)降。夏日至(zhi)(zhi)，於(wu)(wu)泽中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方丘(qiu)，奏乐(le)八变(bian)，则(ze)地(di)祇(zhi)(zhi)皆(jie)(jie)出。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神则(ze)主北(bei)(bei)极，地(di)祇(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)主昆(kun)仑(lun)。彼(bi)以(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)至(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)丘(qiu)，不(bu)在(zai)於(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)，必(bi)非彼(bi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《大(da)司(si)乐(le)》又曰：“舞《云(yun)(yun)门》以(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神，舞《咸池》以(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)祇(zhi)(zhi)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神谓(wei)(wei)五帝(di)。王(wang)者(zhe)又各以(yi)(yi)夏正(zheng)月，祀(si)(si)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)受(shou)命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)於(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。地(di)祇(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)北(bei)(bei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，谓(wei)(wei)神州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《地(di)官·牧人》云(yun)(yun)：“阳(yang)祀(si)(si)用骍牲毛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，阴(yin)祀(si)(si)用黝牲毛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“阳(yang)祀(si)(si)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)於(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，阴(yin)祀(si)(si)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)於(wu)(wu)北(bei)(bei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。”此(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)祀(si)(si)文恒相对。此(ci)(ci)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)俱(ju)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)在(zai)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，而天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)相对，故知(zhi)是(shi)所(suo)感(gan)(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)、神州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，郑云(yun)(yun)“夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)月”，其(qi)(qi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)神州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月则(ze)无文。此(ci)(ci)序同(tong)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)，盖与郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)同(tong)，亦夏正(zheng)月也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)经不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)地(di)，序云(yun)(yun)地(di)者(zhe)，作者(zhe)因祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)而为此(ci)(ci)歌，王(wang)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下，乃是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)同(tong)助，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)可以(yi)(yi)兼地(di)，故辞不(bu)及地(di)。序知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)因此(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)而作，故具言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

昊天有成命，二后受之。成王不敢康，夙夜基命宥密。二后，文、武也。基，始。命，信。宥，宽。密，宁也。笺云：昊天，天大号也。有成命者，言周自后稷之生而已有王命也。文王、武王受其业，施行道德，成此王功，不敢自安逸，早夜始信顺天命，不敢解倦，行宽仁安静之政以定天下。宽仁所以止苛刻也，安静所以息暴乱也。
　　○成王，王如字，徐(xu)于(yu)况(kuang)反。其音基(ji)(ji)，本(ben)亦作“基(ji)(ji)”。宥(you)音又。王功，于(yu)况(kuang)反。解(jie)音懈，下同。苛音河。刻音克。

[疏]“昊天有成命”。
　　○正义曰：此篇毛传皆依《国语》，唯广、固二字，郑不为别训而破以同已，则是不异於毛，但意不必有感生之帝，与郑小异。今既无迹可据，皆同之郑焉。言昊天苍帝，有此成就之命，谓降生后稷，为将王之兆。而经历多世，至於文、武二君，乃应而受之。二君既受此业，施行道德，以成此王功，而不敢暂自安逸，常早起夜卧，始於信顺天命，不敢懈倦，行其宽仁安静之政，以定天下。二君既能如此，於乎可叹美也。此二君成王之德既光明矣，又能笃厚其心，而为之不倦，故於其功业终能和而安之。以此之故，得至於太平，是乃昊天之德，故因其祭而歌之。
　　○传“二后”至“密宁”。
　　○正义曰：此以太平之歌，作在周公、成王之世。成王之前，有成其王功者，唯文、武耳，故知“二后，文王、武王”也。以二王俱受天命，共成周道，故连言之。自“基始”以下及下传皆《周语》文也。《周语》称叔向聘於周，单靖公与之语，说《昊天有成命》。叔向告单子之老曰：“《昊天有成命》，颂之盛德也。”即全引此篇，乃云：“是道成王之德也。成王能明文昭、定武烈者，夫道成命者而称昊天，翼其上也。‘二后受之’，让於德也。‘成王不敢康’，敬百姓也。夙夜，恭也。基，始也。命，信也。宥，宽也。密，宁也。缉，明也。熙，广也。亶，厚也。肆，固也。靖，和也。其始也，翼上德让而敬百姓；其中也，恭俭信宽帅归於宁；其终也，广厚其心固和之。始於德让，中於信宽，终於固和，故曰成王。”是全释此篇之义也。古人说诗者，因其节文，比义起象，理颇溢於经意，不必全与本同。但检其大旨，不为乖异，故传采而用焉。此诗作在成王之初，非是崩后，不得称成之谥。所言成王，有涉成王之嫌。韦昭云：“谓文武修己自勤，成其王功，非谓周成王身也。”郑、贾、唐说皆然。是时人有疑是成王身者，故辨之也。
　　○笺“昊天”至“暴乱”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：以(yi)(yi)此郊天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)歌(ge)，言(yan)其(qi)所感苍(cang)帝。苍(cang)帝非大(da)(da)帝，而(er)云(yun)(yun)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)，昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)与(yu)帝名同，故(gu)(gu)解昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)大(da)(da)号，故(gu)(gu)苍(cang)帝亦得(de)称(cheng)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)迹而(er)生(sheng)，是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)精气。《中候·苗兴》称(cheng)尧受图书(shu)，已有(you)稷(ji)名在录，言(yan)其(qi)苗裔当(dang)王。是(shi)周自后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)之(zhi)生(sheng)，已有(you)王命，言(yan)其(qi)有(you)将王之(zhi)兆(zhao)也(ye)(ye)。传训命为(wei)(wei)信，既(ji)有(you)所信，必将顺之(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)“早(zao)夜始信顺天(tian)(tian)(tian)命”。经中之(zhi)命巳训为(wei)(wei)信，其(qi)言(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)命，郑(zheng)自解义之(zhi)辞，故(gu)(gu)非经之(zhi)命也(ye)(ye)。正以(yi)(yi)言(yan)信必所信有(you)事。上(shang)言(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)成(cheng)命，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)所信顺者，始信顺天(tian)(tian)(tian)命也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)始者，王肃云(yun)(yun)：“言(yan)其(qi)修德常如(ru)(ru)始。”《易》曰(yue)：“日新(xin)之(zhi)谓盛德。”义当(dang)然也(ye)(ye)。传以(yi)(yi)密为(wei)(wei)宁，宁又(you)训为(wei)(wei)安(an)也(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“行(xing)(xing)宽仁安(an)靖(jing)(jing)之(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)定天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)”。又(you)解二(er)后(hou)(hou)行(xing)(xing)宽安(an)之(zhi)意(yi)。宽者，体(ti)度弘广，性(xing)有(you)仁恩。己上(shang)行(xing)(xing)既(ji)如(ru)(ru)此，则(ze)其(qi)下(xia)效之(zhi)，不复为(wei)(wei)苛虐(nve)急刻(ke)(ke)。安(an)者，缓於御(yu)物，为(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)清靖(jing)(jing)，己上(shang)行(xing)(xing)既(ji)如(ru)(ru)此，其(qi)下(xia)效之(zhi)，不复为(wei)(wei)残(can)暴(bao)扰乱(luan)。此宽仁所以(yi)(yi)止苛刻(ke)(ke)，安(an)静所以(yi)(yi)息(xi)暴(bao)乱(luan)，故(gu)(gu)二(er)后(hou)(hou)勤行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)。

於缉熙，单厥心，肆其靖之。缉，明。熙，广。单，厚。肆，固。靖，和也。笺云：广当为光，固当为故，字之误也。於美乎，此成王之德也，既光明矣，又能厚其心矣，为之不解倦，故於其功终能和安之。谓夙夜自勤，至於天下太平。
　　○单，都但反(fan)。注同(tong)。

[疏]笺“广当”至“之误也”。
　　○正义曰：笺以《外(wai)传(chuan)》之(zhi)训与(yu)《尔(er)雅》皆同，而《释诂》云：“熙(xi)，光(guang)也。肆，故也。”则是声相涉而字因误，故破之(zhi)。

《昊天有成命》一(yi)章，七(qi)句(ju)。

《我(wo)将》，祀文王於(wu)明堂也。

[疏]“《我将》十句”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)：《我将》诗者(zhe)，祀(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)歌也(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)配(pei)(pei)而祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)平(ping)，由此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)所配(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，故(gu)诗人(ren)因其(qi)(qi)配(pei)(pei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，述其(qi)(qi)事(shi)而为(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)歌焉。经(jing)陈周(zhou)(zhou)公、成王(wang)(wang)(wang)法文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，为(wei)神(shen)祐而保之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)述文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言祀(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，即《孝经(jing)》所谓(wei)“宗祀(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)(pei)上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)(pei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，其(qi)(qi)祀(si)(si)非一(yi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言祀(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，谓(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)也(ye)(ye)。《曲礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)，“大(da)(da)(da)(da)飨(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)问卜(bu)”，注云(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)(da)(da)飨(xiang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，莫適卜(bu)。”《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》“季(ji)(ji)秋，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”，注云(yun)(yun)：“言大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)者(zhe)，遍祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”《曲礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)飨(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)问卜(bu)”，谓(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)有(you)总祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，但郑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》为(wei)秦世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书，秦法自季(ji)(ji)秋，周(zhou)(zhou)法不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)然矣(yi)，故(gu)《杂问志》云(yun)(yun)：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)审周(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)何(he)月(yue)(yue)(yue)，於(wu)(wu)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》则季(ji)(ji)秋正可。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)审祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)月(yue)(yue)(yue)必(bi)(bi)有(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。”明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祀(si)(si)天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处，知大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)当(dang)在明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。又以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《孝经(jing)》言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si)，必(bi)(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)配(pei)(pei)，故(gu)知祀(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)馀明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si)，则法小於(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)矣(yi)。《玉(yu)藻》注云(yun)(yun)：“凡(fan)听朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，必(bi)(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)特(te)(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)告(gao)(gao)(gao)其(qi)(qi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及神(shen)，配(pei)(pei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)、武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。”《论语》注云(yun)(yun)：“诸侯告(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)羊，则天子特(te)(te)牛(niu)焉。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)告(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，其(qi)(qi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)止用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)特(te)(te)牛(niu)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)言“维牛(niu)维羊”，非徒(tu)特(te)(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)而已，故(gu)知非告(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。《杂问志》云(yun)(yun)：“四时迎(ying)气(qi)於(wu)(wu)四郊(jiao)(jiao)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。还(hai)(hai)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”则四时迎(ying)气(qi)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，但迎(ying)气(qi)於(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)，已有(you)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)事(shi)，还(hai)(hai)至明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)耳(er)。其(qi)(qi)盛乃在於(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)过(guo)与告(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)同也(ye)(ye)。何(he)则？《尧典》说巡(xun)守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)云(yun)(yun)：“归格于(yu)艺(yi)祖用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)特(te)(te)。”郑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)艺(yi)祖为(wei)文(wen)(wen)祖，犹周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。巡(xun)守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)归，其(qi)(qi)告(gao)(gao)(gao)止用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)特(te)(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)，则迎(ying)气(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)还(hai)(hai)，其(qi)(qi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)过(guo)也(ye)(ye)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)特(te)(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)矣(yi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“维牛(niu)维羊”，则是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)知此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)祀(si)(si)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，非迎(ying)气(qi)告(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)虽有(you)“维牛(niu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言其(qi)(qi)牛(niu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色(se)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)宗伯》云(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)作(zuo)六器(qi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)天地(di)四方(fang)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苍璧礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)天，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄琮(cong)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)地(di)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)青圭礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)东方(fang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赤璋礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)南(nan)方(fang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)白(bai)(bai)琥礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)西(xi)(xi)方(fang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玄(xuan)璜礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)北方(fang)，皆有(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)币，各放其(qi)(qi)器(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色(se)。”注云(yun)(yun)：“礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)东方(fang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)春，谓(wei)苍精(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)南(nan)方(fang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)夏，谓(wei)赤精(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)西(xi)(xi)方(fang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)秋，谓(wei)白(bai)(bai)精(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)北方(fang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)冬，谓(wei)黑精(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”然则彼(bi)称礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)四方(fang)者(zhe)，谓(wei)四时迎(ying)气(qi)，牲(sheng)(sheng)如其(qi)(qi)器(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色(se)，则五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牲(sheng)(sheng)，当(dang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se)矣(yi)。然则大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，虽是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施设一(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，必(bi)(bi)周(zhou)(zhou)五(wu)(wu)(wu)种之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牲(sheng)(sheng)。《国语》云(yun)(yun)：“禘郊(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，则有(you)全烝(zheng)。”既(ji)总享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)，全烝(zheng)而已。《论语》云(yun)(yun)：“敢用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玄(xuan)牡，敢昭告(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)皇(huang)皇(huang)后(hou)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”者(zhe)，彼(bi)谓(wei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，故(gu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)天色(se)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玄(xuan)，与此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)别(bie)。《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法》云(yun)(yun)：“祖文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)而宗武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。”注云(yun)(yun)：“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。”曰(yue)(yue)祖、宗，则明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si)，武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)唯(wei)言祀(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)，诗人(ren)虽因祀(si)(si)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)而作(zuo)其(qi)(qi)辞(ci)(ci)，主说文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，故(gu)序(xu)达其(qi)(qi)意，唯(wei)言文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)耳(er)。郊(jiao)(jiao)天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天而以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)稷(ji)配(pei)(pei)也(ye)(ye)。《昊天有(you)成命》指说天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命周(zhou)(zhou)，辞(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及稷(ji)；《思文(wen)(wen)》唯(wei)言后(hou)稷(ji)有(you)德(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)述天功，皆作(zuo)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心有(you)异，序(xu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)顺(shun)经(jing)为(wei)辞(ci)(ci)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)也(ye)(ye)。

我将我享，维羊维牛，维天其右之。将，大。享，献也。笺云：将，犹奉也。我奉养我享祭之羊牛，皆充盛肥腯，有天气之力助。言神飨其德而右助之。
　　○将如(ru)字。享，许(xu)丈反，徐许(xu)亮(liang)反。右音又(you)，注及下同，本亦作(zuo)“佑”。肥(fei)腯，徒忽反，《说文》云：“羊(yang)曰(yue)肥(fei)，豕曰(yue)腯。”

[疏]“我将我享”。
　　○毛以为，周公、成王之时，祀於明堂，言我所美大，我所献荐者，维是肥羊，维是肥牛也。以此牛羊所以得肥者，维为上天其佑助之，故得无伤病也。我周公、成王善用法此文王之常道，日日用之，以谋四方之政。维天乃大文王之德，既佑助文王，於我周公、成王之祭又歆飨之也。善法文王之常道，而得为天所佑。我周公、成王，而今而后，其常早起夜卧，畏敬天之威怒，於是安之。言安行文王之道以为常法也。
　　○郑上三句唯一将字别，次四句云：我周公、成王则法象行此文王之常道，以日日施於天下，以治此四方之民，维我得受此嘏福於文王。此文王既佑助我而歆飨之，故所以与我嘏福也。馀同。
　　○传“将，大。享，献”。
　　○正义曰：皆《释诂》文。
　　○笺“将犹”至“助之”。
　　○正义曰：以(yi)(yi)(yi)将(jiang)与享相(xiang)类，当谓致之(zhi)於(wu)神(shen)，不宜为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)。将(jiang)者(zhe)(zhe)，送致之(zhi)义，故云“犹奉(feng)养(yang)”。谓以(yi)(yi)(yi)此牛(niu)羊(yang)奉(feng)养(yang)明神(shen)也(ye)(ye)。牛(niu)羊(yang)充盛肥腯，有(you)天(tian)气之(zhi)助(zhu)(zhu)。有(you)其(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)佑(you)助(zhu)(zhu)，故无(wu)病伤(shang)。桓六年《左传(chuan)》云：“奉(feng)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)告曰：‘博硕肥腯’，谓其(qi)(qi)民力(li)之(zhi)普存也(ye)(ye)，谓其(qi)(qi)畜之(zhi)硕大(da)蕃滋也(ye)(ye)，谓其(qi)(qi)不疾瘯蠡也(ye)(ye)，谓其(qi)(qi)备腯咸有(you)也(ye)(ye)。”彼(bi)传(chuan)言善於(wu)治(zhi)民，不妄(wang)劳役，民之(zhi)畜产无(wu)疾，故祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)得(de)(de)肥。明牛(niu)羊(yang)肥而无(wu)疾，是(shi)天(tian)之(zhi)力(li)助(zhu)(zhu)。天(tian)之(zhi)助(zhu)(zhu)人，唯德(de)是(shi)与，故云神(shen)飨(xiang)其(qi)(qi)德(de)而佑(you)助(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)。维(wei)天(tian)佑(you)之(zhi)，当是(shi)佑(you)助(zhu)(zhu)於(wu)人而已(yi)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)佑(you)助(zhu)(zhu)牛(niu)羊(yang)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)下句(ju)乃云“既佑(you)飨(xiang)之(zhi)”，则此未是(shi)佑(you)人，文(wen)连牛(niu)羊(yang)，知是(shi)佑(you)助(zhu)(zhu)牛(niu)羊(yang)，亦(yi)是(shi)飨(xiang)人之(zhi)德(de)，故助(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。此祀(si)文(wen)王於(wu)明堂，则是(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)矣。《礼》称(cheng)郊(jiao)(jiao)用特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)法》云“燔柴於(wu)泰坛，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)用骍犊”，则明堂祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)，亦(yi)当用特(te)牛(niu)矣，而得(de)(de)有(you)羊(yang)者(zhe)(zhe)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)物莫称(cheng)焉，贵诚用犊，其(qi)(qi)配之(zhi)人，无(wu)莫称(cheng)之(zhi)义，自当用太牢(lao)也(ye)(ye)。《郊(jiao)(jiao)特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》云：“帝(di)牛(niu)不吉(ji)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)稷牛(niu)。”是(shi)配者(zhe)(zhe)与天(tian)异馔，明其(qi)(qi)当用太牢(lao)。此祀(si)有(you)文(wen)、武为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)配，於(wu)礼得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)有(you)羊(yang)也(ye)(ye)。《夏官(guan)·羊(yang)人》云：“衅积(ji)(ji)，共(gong)羊(yang)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。”注云：“积(ji)(ji)，积(ji)(ji)柴。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)有(you)羊(yang)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)，彼(bi)衅在(zai)积(ji)(ji)上，明所云积(ji)(ji)柴非(fei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)，当谓槱燎祀(si)司中、司命(ming)之(zhi)等有(you)羊(yang)也(ye)(ye)。

仪式刑文王之典，日靖四方。伊嘏文王，既右飨之。仪，善。刑，法。典，常。靖，谋也。笺云：靖，治也。受福曰嘏。我仪则式象法行文王之常道，以日施政于天下，维受福於文王，文王既右而飨之。言受而福之。
　　○嘏，古雅反，毛“大也”。

[疏]传“仪善”至“靖谋”。
　　○正义曰：皆《释诂》文也。刑既为法，则式不复为法，当训为用。毛於嘏字皆训为大，此嘏亦为大也。王肃云：“善用法文王之常道，日谋四方，维天乃大文王之德，既佑助而歆飨之。”
　　○笺“靖治”至“而福之”。
　　○正义曰：“靖(jing)，治(zhi)(zhi)”，《释诂》文。《特牲》、《少(shao)牢》皆祝以神辞嘏主人，与之以福(fu)(fu)，是受(shou)福(fu)(fu)曰嘏。仪者(zhe)威仪，式(shi)者(zhe)法(fa)式(shi)，故以仪式(shi)为则象(xiang)，谓则象(xiang)法(fa)行文王之常道也(ye)(ye)。以此能治(zhi)(zhi)四(si)方(fang)，所以蒙(meng)佑，不宜为谋之，故以靖(jing)为治(zhi)(zhi)，谓施於(wu)天下(xia)也(ye)(ye)。既佑助(zhu)飨(xiang)之，是释其所以致(zhi)福(fu)(fu)之意，故云“言(yan)受(shou)而福(fu)(fu)之”，谓神受(shou)其德，故降(jiang)与之福(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)。

我(wo)其夙夜(ye)，畏天之(zhi)(zhi)威，于(yu)时(shi)保之(zhi)(zhi)。笺(jian)云：于(yu)，於(wu)。时(shi)，是(shi)也。早夜(ye)敬(jing)天，於(wu)是(shi)得安文王之(zhi)(zhi)道。

《我将(jiang)》一章，十句。

《时迈》，巡守告祭柴望也。巡守告祭者，天子巡行邦国，至于方岳之下而封禅也。《书》曰：“岁二月，东巡守，至于岱宗，柴。望秩于山川，徧于群神。”
　　○巡(xun)音旬。守(shou)，手又反(fan)，本或作(zuo)(zuo)“狩”，注同。柴，士佳反(fan)，《说文》、《字林》作(zuo)(zuo)“祡”。行，下(xia)孟反(fan)，下(xia)“出(chu)行”同。禅(shan)，市战反(fan)。徧(bian)音遍。

[疏]“《时迈》十五句”。
　　○正义曰：《时迈》诗者，巡守告祭柴望之乐歌也。谓武王既定天下，而巡行其守土诸侯，至于方岳之下，乃作告至之祭，为柴望之礼。柴祭昊天，望祭山川。巡守而安祀百神，乃是王者盛事。周公既致太平，追念武王之业，故述其事而为此歌焉。宣十二年《左传》云：“昔武王克商，作颂曰：’载戢干戈。’”明此篇武王事也。《国语》称周文公之颂曰：“载戢干戈。”明此诗周公作也。治天下而使之太平者，乃是周公为之。得自作颂者，於时和乐既兴，颂声咸作，周公采民之意，以追述先王，非是自颂其身，故得亲为之。序不言周公作者，颂见天下同心歌咏，例皆不言姓名。经之所陈，皆述巡守告祭之事。指文而言，“时迈其邦”，是巡守之辞也；“怀柔百神，及河乔岳”，是告祭之事。柴望祭天，经不言天，百神以天为宗，其文可以兼之矣。
　　○笺“巡守”至“群神”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：此(ci)解(jie)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)及告(gao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。天(tian)(tian)子封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)建诸侯以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)邦(bang)国(guo)，令(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)土(tu)。天(tian)(tian)子以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)往(wang)行(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)邦(bang)国(guo)，至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)方(fang)岳(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)告(gao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)又为(wei)(wei)(wei)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅礼焉，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)故(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)望(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“《书(shu)》曰(yue)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)，《尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》文(wen)(wen)。彼说(shuo)舜受尧(yao)(yao)禅，即位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)言柴(chai)(chai)(chai)望(wang)与此(ci)同，故(gu)(gu)(gu)引以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。明此(ci)告(gao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)望(wang)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)岳(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诸侯为(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)土(tu)，专制(zhi)(zhi)一国(guo)，告(gao)从(cong)令(ling)行(xing)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)垂帷(wei)端拱，深居高视(shi)，一日(ri)二日(ri)，庶事(shi)(shi)(shi)万机(ji)，耳目不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)达於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)远方(fang)，神(shen)明不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)照於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)幽僻(pi)。或将强以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陵弱，恃众以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)侵(qin)寡，拥遏王(wang)(wang)命(ming)，冤(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上闻，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)使远道细民(min)受枉。圣世(shi)圣王(wang)(wang)知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)如是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)制(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)礼，时(shi)(shi)(shi)自巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《大司马职(zhi)》曰(yue)：“及师，大合军，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)禁令(ling)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)无辜，伐有(you)(you)(you)罪(zui)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“师谓巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)。若(ruo)(ruo)会同，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼，有(you)(you)(you)伐罪(zui)正(zheng)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》说(shuo)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“协时(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)正(zheng)日(ri)，同律(lv)度(du)(du)量衡。”《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》说(shuo)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“命(ming)太(tai)师陈诗(shi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)民(min)风。命(ming)市(shi)纳贾，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)好恶。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敬者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，君(jun)削以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)地(di)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)孝者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，君(jun)黜以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)爵。革制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)衣服者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)叛，叛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)君(jun)讨(tao)。有(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)德於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)民(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，加(jia)地(di)进律(lv)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)代(dai)天(tian)(tian)理民(min)，今(jin)既为(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)远行(xing)，所(suo)至(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)告(gao)。五岳(yue)，地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贵神(shen)，今(jin)既来至(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)傍，又亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)无礼，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)燔(fan)(fan)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告(gao)天(tian)(tian)，望(wang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)。《白虎(hu)通》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)何(he)(he)？本(ben)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)所(suo)告(gao)至(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》注(zhu)(zhu)亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“柴(chai)(chai)(chai)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)，告(gao)至(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)望(wang)秩(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)，望(wang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)在(zai)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尊(zun)卑次秩(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”《尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“徧(bian)(bian)(bian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尊(zun)卑次秩(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)岳(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，每(mei)至(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岳(yue)，皆(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)告(gao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼，非独东岳(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。告(gao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)则(ze)(ze)(ze)四岳(yue)皆(jie)(jie)然(ran)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，唯岱(dai)宗(zong)(zong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)，馀岳(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。聚土(tu)曰(yue)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，除地(di)曰(yue)墠(shan)(shan)。变墠(shan)(shan)言禅，神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅必(bi)(bi)(bi)因(yin)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅。何(he)(he)则(ze)(ze)(ze)？虽未(wei)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)，王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)观(guan)民(min)风俗而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅，必(bi)(bi)(bi)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)功(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)，乃告(gao)成(cheng)(cheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)，非太(tai)平(ping)(ping)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，每(mei)一代(dai)唯一封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)唐、虞五载(zai)一巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)，周(zhou)则(ze)(ze)(ze)十二年一巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)常，非直(zhi)一巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。此(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)见於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，唯《大宗(zong)(zong)伯》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)大封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)则(ze)(ze)(ze)先告(gao)后(hou)土(tu)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外，更无封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼器》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“因(yin)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，升中于天(tian)(tian)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)凤凰降，龟龙假(jia)。”虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“升，上也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。中，犹成(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)岳(yue)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)燔(fan)(fan)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)，告(gao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)，阴阳(yang)和(he)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)致象物。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)功(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)瑞至(zhi)(zhi)，然(ran)后(hou)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)升中，明未(wei)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)必(bi)(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《白虎(hu)通》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)易姓而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)起，必(bi)(bi)(bi)升封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)太(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)何(he)(he)？告(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。始受命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，改制(zhi)(zhi)应天(tian)(tian)，天(tian)(tian)下(xia)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)，功(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告(gao)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)必(bi)(bi)(bi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)太(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)何(he)(he)？万物交代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。必(bi)(bi)(bi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)上何(he)(he)？因(yin)高告(gao)高，顺其(qi)(qi)(qi)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)升封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，增(zeng)高也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；下(xia)禅梁(liang)甫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)基，广厚(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)高为(wei)(wei)(wei)尊(zun)，地(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厚(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)德。增(zeng)太(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报天(tian)(tian)，附(fu)梁(liang)甫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报地(di)，明天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)命(ming)，功(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)事(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)，有(you)(you)(you)益於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)地(di)。若(ruo)(ruo)高者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)加(jia)高，厚(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)加(jia)厚(hou)矣。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)说(shuo)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。若(ruo)(ruo)然(ran)，巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅，封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅必(bi)(bi)(bi)待太(tai)平(ping)(ping)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)未(wei)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅矣。此(ci)诗(shi)述(shu)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)笺云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“至(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)岳(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，广解(jie)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)所(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。言封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)因(yin)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非言武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)得封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《史记(ji)·封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅书(shu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，齐桓公欲封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅，管仲曰(yue)：“古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、禅梁(liang)甫(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)七十二家，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)夷吾(wu)所(suo)记(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)十有(you)(you)(you)二焉。”乃数十二，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)唯言成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)禅社首(shou)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)武(wu)(wu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅，其(qi)(qi)(qi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)则(ze)(ze)(ze)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《左(zuo)传》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)参之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，此(ci)诗(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)矣。《白虎(hu)通》曰(yue)：“何(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)乃巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)？以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)，至(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)乃巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)言违《诗(shi)》反传，所(suo)说(shuo)非也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“徧(bian)(bian)(bian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)群(qun)(qun)神(shen)”一句，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》乃在(zai)上文(wen)(wen)“正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)上日(ri)，受终於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)文(wen)(wen)祖”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“类於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上帝，禋於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)六(liu)宗(zong)(zong)，望(wang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)，徧(bian)(bian)(bian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)群(qun)(qun)神(shen)”，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)二月(yue)(yue)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)，唯有(you)(you)(you)“柴(chai)(chai)(chai)，望(wang)秩(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)”而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言“徧(bian)(bian)(bian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)群(qun)(qun)神(shen)”。此(ci)一句，衍(yan)字也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。定本(ben)、《集注(zhu)(zhu)》皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)此(ci)一句。案《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》说(shuo)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼，亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“柴(chai)(chai)(chai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)望(wang)祀”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言“徧(bian)(bian)(bian)群(qun)(qun)神(shen)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“群(qun)(qun)神(shen)，丘陵坟衍(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)。”《般(ban)》序止云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)四岳(yue)河海，经唯言嶞山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)乔岳(yue)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言坟衍(yan)丘陵，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)徧(bian)(bian)(bian)群(qun)(qun)神(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)上下(xia)相校(xiao)，正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)所(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)，多於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)岱(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)至(zhi)(zhi)岱(dai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)禋六(liu)宗(zong)(zong)，何(he)(he)知(zhi)当徧(bian)(bian)(bian)群(qun)(qun)神(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由二文(wen)(wen)相涉，后(hou)人遂增(zeng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。

时迈其邦，昊天其子之。实右序有周。薄言震之，莫不震叠。怀柔百神，及河乔岳。允王维后！迈，行。震，动。叠，惧。怀，来。柔，安。乔，高也。高岳，岱宗也。笺云：薄，犹甫也。甫，始也。允，信也。武王既定天下，时出行其邦国，谓巡守也。天其子爱之，右助次序其事，谓多生贤知，使为之臣也。其兵所征伐，甫动之以威，则莫不动惧而服者。言其威武，又见畏也。王行巡守，其至方岳之下，来安群神，望于山川，皆以尊卑祭之。信哉，武王之宜为君，美之也。
　　○右音(yin)又，注同，助也。叠，徒协反。柔(rou)如字，本(ben)亦(yi)作“濡(ru)”，两通，俱训安也。乔音(yin)桥。{山狱}，本(ben)亦(yi)作“岳”，同音(yin)岳。知音(yin)智。

[疏]“时迈其邦”。
　　○正义曰：周公以时既大平，追述武王之事。言武王既定天下，以时行其邦国。其出也，天行云转，六军皆从，群臣贤智，各司其职。於是乃见昊天，其於武王子爱之矣，实佑助而次序我有周之事。谓生贤智之臣，使得以为用，是子爱之也。其所往之处，始欲我武王以军威动之，莫不动惧而服，是威又可畏，不假用兵也。至於方岳之下，其来乃为安宁百神及河与高岳，皆次秩祭之。武王巡行邦国，而使人神得所信乎。武王之德如是，维宜为天下之君也。於此行也，明见天之爱我有周，使俊乂之臣用，次序在位。多生贤哲，令之在官，是其子爱之效，於此明见之也。动之以威，莫敢不服。武王於是则聚其干戈而纳之，则韬其弓矢而藏之，是由往则震惧，故不用之也。我武王能如此，求有美德之士而任用之，其功其大美矣，故陈其功状，於是大乐而歌之。信哉，我武王之德能长安之，言能安此大乐之美，故歌之也。
　　○传“迈行”至“岱宗”。
　　○正义曰：“迈，行”，“怀，来”，《释言》文。“震，动”，“叠，惧”，“乔，高”，《释诂》文。彼叠作“慴”，音义同。《释诂》云：“柔，安也。”某氏引《诗》云：“怀柔百神。”定本作“柔”，《集注》作“濡”。柔是也。言“高岳，岱宗”者，以巡守之礼，必始於东方，故以岱宗言之，其实理兼四岳，《般》祀四岳是也。谓之岱宗者，应劭《风俗通》云：“岱，始也。宗，长也。万物之始，阴阳交代，故为五岳长。”《白虎通》云：“岱者，言万物相代於东方也。”
　　○笺“薄犹”至“美之”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：《芣(fou)苡》传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“薄，辞。”笺云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“薄言，我薄。”其(qi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)薄欲如此，亦是(shi)初(chu)始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，故(gu)(gu)转之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)甫，训甫为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)始(shi)也(ye)(ye)。“允，信”，《释诂》文(wen)(wen)。序(xu)言巡(xun)守(shou)，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)出(chu)行(xing)(xing)其(qi)邦国，谓巡(xun)守(shou)也(ye)(ye)。佑序(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)承(cheng)“昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)亦是(shi)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)助之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，次序(xu)其(qi)事(shi)。下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“式序(xu)在位”，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)谓“多(duo)生贤智，使为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣也(ye)(ye)”。时虽无(wu)敌(di)(di)可伐(fa)(fa)(fa)，但兵行(xing)(xing)主(zhu)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)(you)(you)罪(zui)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)兵所(suo)征(zheng)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)，甫动之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)威，则(ze)(ze)莫不(bu)动惧而服(fu)”。言其(qi)威武(wu)(wu)，又(you)见畏，谓不(bu)但为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)所(suo)爱，复为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人所(suo)畏，故(gu)(gu)言“又(you)”也(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)(le)记》说武(wu)(wu)王(wang)克定天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)，其(qi)兵包以(yi)(yi)虎皮，示(shi)不(bu)复用(yong)，则(ze)(ze)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)纣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)即服(fu)。至於巡(xun)守(shou)，始(shi)言莫不(bu)服(fu)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)王(wang)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)巡(xun)守(shou)，虑有(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)，故(gu)(gu)美其(qi)无(wu)不(bu)服(fu)耳，非谓时有(you)(you)(you)(you)叛者(zhe)，见兵乃服(fu)也(ye)(ye)。又(you)解巡(xun)守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)，得有(you)(you)(you)(you)动威之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。以(yi)(yi)王(wang)行(xing)(xing)巡(xun)守(shou)，以(yi)(yi)军(jun)(jun)从(cong)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)《大司(si)马(ma)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“及(ji)(ji)师(shi)(shi)，大合(he)(he)军(jun)(jun)，以(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)禁令，以(yi)(yi)救(jiu)无(wu)辜，伐(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)(you)(you)罪(zui)。”又(you)曰(yue)：“若(ruo)大师(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)掌(zhang)其(qi)戒令，莅衅(xin)主(zhu)，及(ji)(ji)军(jun)(jun)器。”上(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“及(ji)(ji)师(shi)(shi)”，下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)大师(shi)(shi)”，则(ze)(ze)二(er)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)师(shi)(shi)不(bu)同也(ye)(ye)。大师(shi)(shi)言“衅(xin)主(zhu)，及(ji)(ji)军(jun)(jun)器”，是(shi)征(zheng)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)实事(shi)，则(ze)(ze)上(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“及(ji)(ji)师(shi)(shi)”，非征(zheng)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)。明(ming)(ming)大师(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)征(zheng)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)，及(ji)(ji)师(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)巡(xun)守(shou)，故(gu)(gu)“及(ji)(ji)师(shi)(shi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“师(shi)(shi)谓王(wang)巡(xun)守(shou)。若(ruo)会同，司(si)马(ma)起师(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)军(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)从(cong)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)威天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)，行(xing)(xing)其(qi)政也(ye)(ye)。不(bu)言大者(zhe)，未有(you)(you)(you)(you)敌(di)(di)，不(bu)尚武(wu)(wu)。”是(shi)巡(xun)守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼，当师(shi)(shi)从(cong)也(ye)(ye)。言大合(he)(he)军(jun)(jun)，犹(you)《大司(si)乐(le)(le)(le)》言大合(he)(he)乐(le)(le)(le)。大合(he)(he)乐(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)，遍作(zuo)六(liu)(liu)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)，则(ze)(ze)知(zhi)大合(he)(he)军(jun)(jun)者(zhe)，亦六(liu)(liu)军(jun)(jun)皆(jie)行(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)。而《杂问志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子巡(xun)守(shou)，礼无(wu)六(liu)(liu)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)”者(zhe)，郑意以(yi)(yi)巡(xun)守(shou)必(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)军(jun)(jun)，但礼无(wu)正文(wen)(wen)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“无(wu)六(liu)(liu)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)”耳。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子海内之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)，安(an)不(bu)忘危，且云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“救(jiu)无(wu)辜，伐(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)(you)(you)罪(zui)”，安(an)得无(wu)六(liu)(liu)军(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)？百神(shen)(shen)者(zhe)，谓天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)与(yu)山川(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)。神(shen)(shen)以(yi)(yi)王(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)安(an)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“来(lai)安(an)群(qun)神(shen)(shen)”，谓望於山川(chuan)。《尧典》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“望秩於山川(chuan)。”秩者(zhe)，次秩，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)尊卑祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。此解百神(shen)(shen)，止云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)山川(chuan)而已，益明(ming)(ming)序(xu)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)笺无(wu)“徧於群(qun)神(shen)(shen)”也(ye)(ye)。“允王(wang)维后(hou)”，总上(shang)事(shi)而叹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“信哉，武(wu)(wu)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德宜(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君。美之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)”。

明(ming)昭有周，式序在(zai)位(wei)。明(ming)矣，知未然也。昭然，不(bu)疑也。笺云：昭，见也。王(wang)巡守，而明(ming)见天之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)有周家(jia)也。以其有俊乂，用(yong)次第处位(wei)。言此(ci)者(zhe)，著天其子(zi)(zi)爱之(zhi)，右(you)序之(zhi)效也。

[疏]传“明矣”至“不疑”。
　　○正义曰：明之与昭，俱是见义，但以达见远事谓之为明，其昭者，大明之状，故云“明矣，知未然也。昭然，不疑”。言因此巡守，知天而今而后常爱周家，其事昭然不复为疑，与郑明见之义同，但分而言之耳。
　　○笺“明见”至“之效”。
　　○正义曰：“昭，见”，《释诂(gu)》文也。以毛意微申使易(yi)晓，故(gu)(gu)云“王巡(xun)守，而明见天之子有周家(jia)”正以俊(jun)乂之人用，次第(di)处(chu)位故(gu)(gu)也。此经(jing)二(er)句覆(fu)上“佑(you)序(xu)有周”，故(gu)(gu)云“言此者，著天其子爱佑(you)序(xu)之效验(yan)也”。

载戢干戈，载櫜弓矢，戢，聚。櫜，韬也。笺云：载之言则也。王巡守而天下咸服，兵不复用，此又著震叠之效也。
　　○戢，侧立反(fan)。櫜音羔。韬，吐刀反(fan)。复，扶又反(fan)。

[疏]传“戢，聚。櫜，韬”。
　　○正义曰：“戢，聚”，《释诂》文。櫜者，弓衣，一名韬，故(gu)内弓於(wu)衣谓之韬弓。

我求懿德，肆于时夏。夏，大也。笺云：懿，美。肆，陈也。我武王求有美德之士而任用之，故陈其功，於是夏而歌之。乐歌大者称夏。
　　○肆音四。夏(xia)，户(hu)雅反。下(xia)注同。

允王(wang)(wang)保之(zhi)(zhi)。笺云：允，信也。信哉，武王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)德，能(neng)长保此时夏之(zhi)(zhi)美。

[疏]传“夏，大”。
　　○正义曰：《释诂》文。
　　○笺“懿美”至“称夏”。
　　○正义曰：“懿，美(mei)”，《释诂》文。肆(si)者，张设之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，言(yan)(yan)故(gu)为(wei)陈(chen)(chen)也。言(yan)(yan)求(qiu)(qiu)，是自此求(qiu)(qiu)彼(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞，故(gu)知(zhi)求(qiu)(qiu)美(mei)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士而(er)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。谓“式序在(zai)位”，是武王(wang)(wang)求(qiu)(qiu)而(er)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。以(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)陈(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，故(gu)知(zhi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)为(wei)乐名(ming)。又解名(ming)为(wei)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)，以(yi)(yi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)者大(da)也，乐歌(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)者称夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)也。《思(si)文》笺云(yun)：“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属有九(jiu)(jiu)。”与此意(yi)相足。言(yan)(yan)山《周礼(li)》有九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，知(zhi)此夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)为(wei)乐歌(ge)(ge)(ge)也。《春(chun)官·锺师》“凡乐事，以(yi)(yi)锺鼓奏九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)：《王(wang)(wang)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《昭夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《纳夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《章夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《齐夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《族夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《陔夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《骜夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》”，注云(yun)：“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，大(da)也。乐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)有九(jiu)(jiu)，是九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)也。”彼(bi)注引(yin)吕叔玉(yu)云(yun)：“《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《繁遏》、《渠(qu)》，皆(jie)《周颂》也。《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》，《时迈》也；《繁遏》，《执(zhi)竞》也；《渠(qu)》，《思(si)文》也。”玄(xuan)谓以(yi)(yi)《文王(wang)(wang)》、《鹿(lu)鸣(ming)》言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则《九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》皆(jie)诗篇名(ming)，颂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族类(lei)也。此歌(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)者，载在(zai)乐章，乐崩亦从而(er)亡，是以(yi)(yi)颂不能具。然则郑以(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)别有乐歌(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇，非颂也，但以(yi)(yi)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)者皆(jie)称夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)耳。

《时迈》一章，十五句。

《执(zhi)竞》，祀武王(wang)也。执(zhi)竞，其敬反。执(zhi)，持也。《韩诗》云：“执(zhi)，服也。”

[疏]“《执竞》十四句”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：《执竞》诗者，祀武王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)乐歌也(ye)。谓周公(gong)、成王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)时(shi)(shi)，既致太平，祀於武王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)庙。时(shi)(shi)人(ren)以(yi)今得太平，由武王(wang)(wang)所致，故(gu)因其祀，述其功，而为此歌焉(yan)。经之(zhi)所陈，皆述武王(wang)(wang)生时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)功也(ye)。

执竞武王，无竞维烈。不显成康，上帝是皇。无竞，竞也。烈，业也。不显乎其成大功而安之也。显，光也。皇，美也。笺云：竞，强也。能持彊道者，维有武王耳。不强乎其克商之功业，言其强也。不显乎其成安祖考之道。言其又显也。天以是故美之。予之福禄。
　　○“大功”，本或作“天功”。

[疏]“执竞武王”。
　　○正义曰：言有能持强盛之道者，维武王耳。此武王岂为无强乎？维克商之功业，实为强也。岂不显乎？其成安祖考之道，实为显也。由其既强且显，上天以是之故，嘉美之以大福，又重述武王强显得福之事。武王用彼成安祖考之道，故得受命伐纣，同有天下四方之民，而斤斤然其为周家一代明察之君，是其显而得福也。又武王之祭宗庙也，作锺鼓之乐，其声和乐喤喤然；奏磬管之音，其声合集锵锵然。合於礼度，当於神明，故神下与之福众多而穰穰然，下与福丰大而简简然，於时助祭之人又威仪顺习反反然。其祭之末，此群臣等既醉於酒矣，既饱於德矣，於祭之事终始无违，故致福禄复来与之。言武王受此多福，故今得太平，是以述而歌之。
　　○传“无竞”至“皇美”。
　　○正义曰：无竞，反其言故为竞也。“烈，业。显，光。皇，美”，皆《释诂》文。又曰“康，安”，故云“成大功而安之”。大功，谓伐纣也。安之，谓安祖考也。武王祖考，其心冀成王业，王业未就，心皆不安。武王既伐纣，是成大功、安祖考，故云“成大功而安之”，其意与郑同。
　　○笺“竞强”至“福禄”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：“竞，强”，《释言(yan)》文(wen)。“时，是(shi)”，《释诂》文(wen)。武王大业(ye)在於伐(fa)纣，故(gu)知“维烈”是(shi)克(ke)商之(zhi)(zhi)功业(ye)也(ye)。《下武》云，“三后在天，王配於京(jing)”，“永(yong)言(yan)孝思”，“应侯顺(shun)德”。故(gu)知成安(an)是(shi)成安(an)祖(zu)考之(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)。既强显之(zhi)(zhi)，下乃言(yan)天美之(zhi)(zhi)，与之(zhi)(zhi)福(fu)禄(lu)，谓(wei)使之(zhi)(zhi)胤嗣(si)长远，享国(guo)不绝(jue)也(ye)。

自彼成康，奄有四方，斤斤其明。自彼成康，用彼成安之道也。奄，同也。斤斤，明察也。笺云：四方，谓天下也。武王用成安祖考之道，故受命伐纣，定天下，为周明察之君斤斤如也。
　　○斤，纪觐反。

[疏]传“自彼”至“明察”。
　　○正义曰：训自为(wei)用(yong)，故云(yun)“用(yong)彼成(cheng)安之道(dao)”。“奄(yan)(yan)，同(tong)(tong)”，《释言》文。又(you)云(yun)：“奄(yan)(yan)，盖(gai)也(ye)(ye)。”郑(zheng)於(wu)《閟宫》、《玄(xuan)鸟》笺皆以奄(yan)(yan)为(wei)覆(fu)。覆(fu)盖(gai)四方，同(tong)(tong)为(wei)己有，与(yu)传不(bu)异也(ye)(ye)。《释训》云(yun)：“明(ming)明(ming)、斤(jin)斤(jin)，察也(ye)(ye)。”此连(lian)“其明(ming)”，故云(yun)明(ming)察。

钟鼓喤喤，磬筦将将，降福穰穰。降福简简，威仪反反。既醉既饱，福禄来反。喤喤，和也。将将，集也。穰穰，众也。简简，大也。反反，难也。反，复也。笺云：反反，顺习之貌。武王既定天下，祭祖考之庙，奏乐而八音克谐，神与之福又众大，谓如嘏辞也。群臣醉饱，礼无违者，以重得福禄也。
　　○喤，华彭(peng)反，徐音皇，又(you)音宏。注(zhu)(zhu)同(tong)。筦音管，本亦作“管”，同(tong)。将(jiang)，七羊(yang)反。注(zhu)(zhu)同(tong)。《说(shuo)文》作“{将(jiang)足}々”，行貌。穰，如(ru)羊(yang)反。反反如(ru)字，沈(shen)符板反，又(you)音贩。复，扶又(you)反，重也，又(you)音服(fu)。重，直用(yong)反。

[疏]传“喤喤”至“反复”。
　　○正义曰：喤喤、将将，俱是声也，故言“和”与“集”。谓与诸声相和，与诸乐合集也。《释训》云：“喤喤，乐也。穰穰，福也。”舍人曰：“喤喤，钟鼓之乐也。穰穰，众多之福也。”某氏引此诗，明穰穰是福丰之貌也。“简简，大”，《释训》文。李巡曰：“简简，降福之大也。”笺以反反为顺习之貌。传言“反反，难”者，谓顺礼闲习，自重难也。《释言》云：“复，反也。”是反得为复。定本作“覆”。
　　○笺“武王”至“福禄”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：笺以(yi)文承“奄(yan)有”之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)，降福是(shi)祭(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，故(gu)知(zhi)是(shi)武王(wang)既(ji)定天(tian)下(xia)，祭(ji)祖考之(zhi)(zhi)庙也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《少(shao)牢》大夫(fu)嘏(gu)(gu)辞尚云：“受(shou)禄(lu)于天(tian)，宜稼于田。”天(tian)子嘏(gu)(gu)辞，致福固(gu)宜众且大矣，故(gu)云“谓如嘏(gu)(gu)辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。《祭(ji)义(yi)》说祭(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，主人(ren)(ren)悫(que)而趋，宾客则(ze)济(ji)济(ji)漆(qi)漆(qi)然，则(ze)“威仪(yi)反(fan)(fan)反(fan)(fan)”是(shi)即祭(ji)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)容也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“既(ji)醉既(ji)饱”，文在(zai)“反(fan)(fan)反(fan)(fan)”之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)，故(gu)知(zhi)谓群臣醉饱也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祭(ji)末(mo)(mo)旅酬，下(xia)及群臣，故(gu)有醉饱之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。即《既(ji)醉》所云“醉酒(jiu)饱德”，是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)时祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)(mo)节，人(ren)(ren)多倦而违礼(li)，故(gu)美其礼(li)无违者(zhe)，以(yi)重得(de)福禄(lu)，即经之(zhi)(zhi)“来反(fan)(fan)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)陈祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，止(zhi)应一(yi)(yi)降福耳，但(dan)作(zuo)者(zhe)於乐(le)音(yin)和(he)集之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)，以(yi)言降福；於群臣既(ji)醉之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)，复言福禄(lu)，每於一(yi)(yi)事(shi)得(de)礼(li)，一(yi)(yi)言获福，欲见善不虚作(zuo)，福必(bi)报(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)，为节文之(zhi)(zhi)势，故(gu)言福禄(lu)复来也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祭(ji)祀(si)宗(zong)庙，当有酒(jiu)食之(zhi)(zhi)馔(zhuan)，此(ci)不言黍稷牲牢，唯云声乐(le)者(zhe)，诗人(ren)(ren)意之(zhi)(zhi)所言，无义(yi)例(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

《执竞》一(yi)章，十四句。

《思文》，后稷配天也(ye)。

[疏]“《思文》八句”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)：《思(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)》诗者，后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)配(pei)(pei)天之(zhi)乐(le)歌也(ye)。周公既已制(zhi)礼，推后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)配(pei)(pei)所(suo)感之(zhi)帝(di)，祭於(wu)(wu)南郊。既已祀之(zhi)，因述(shu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)德(de)可以(yi)配(pei)(pei)天之(zhi)意，而(er)为(wei)此(ci)歌焉。经皆陈后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)有德(de)可以(yi)配(pei)(pei)天之(zhi)事(shi)。《国语》云(yun)：“周文(wen)(wen)公之(zhi)为(wei)颂，曰(yue)：‘思(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)，克(ke)配(pei)(pei)彼天。’”是(shi)此(ci)篇周公所(suo)自歌，与(yu)(yu)《时(shi)迈(mai)》同(tong)也(ye)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)配(pei)(pei)南郊，与(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)王之(zhi)配(pei)(pei)明(ming)堂，其(qi)义(yi)一(yi)也(ye)。而(er)此(ci)与(yu)(yu)《我将》序不(bu)同(tong)者，《我将》主言(yan)文(wen)(wen)王飨(xiang)其(qi)祭祀，不(bu)说文(wen)(wen)王可以(yi)配(pei)(pei)上帝(di)，故(gu)云(yun)“祀文(wen)(wen)王於(wu)(wu)明(ming)堂”。此(ci)篇主说后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)有德(de)，可以(yi)配(pei)(pei)天，不(bu)说后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)飨(xiang)其(qi)祭祀，故(gu)言(yan)“后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)配(pei)(pei)天”。由经文(wen)(wen)有异，故(gu)为(wei)序不(bu)同(tong)也(ye)。

思文后稷，克配彼天。立我烝民，莫匪尔极。极，中也。笺云：克，能也。立，当作“粒”。烝，众也。周公思先祖有文德者，后稷之功能配天。昔尧遭洪水，黎民阻饥，后稷播殖百穀，烝民乃粒，万邦作乂，天下之人无不於女时得其中者。言反其性。
　　○烝，之丞反。粒(li)音(yin)立(li)。阻，庄吕反，难也(ye)。马(ma)融注《尚书》作“祖(zu)”，云：“始也(ye)。”艾音(yin)刈(yi)，郑注《尚书》五盖反，本(ben)或(huo)作反，音(yin)同。

[疏]“思文后稷”。
　　○毛以为，周公自言我思先祖之有文德者，后稷也。此后稷有大功德，堪能配彼上天。昔尧遭洪水，后稷播殖百穀，存立我天下众民之命，使众民无不於尔后稷得其中正。言民赖后稷复其常性。是后稷有大功矣。由后稷有穀养民之故，天乃遗我武王以所来之牟麦。正以牟麦遗我者，帝意所命，用此后稷养天下之物，表记后稷之功，欲广其子孙之国，使无疆境於汝今之经界。言於此今之经界，其内不立封彊，是命大有天下，牢笼九服也。以是之故，陈其久常之功，於是夏乐而歌之。言后稷功为常久，永在歌乐，故所以配天共食也。
　　○郑唯以立为粒、率为循，其文义大同。
　　○传“极，中”。
　　○正义曰：北极以居天之中，故谓之极，是为中之义也。传不解立，但毛无破字之理，必其不与郑同，宜为存立众民也。
　　○笺“克能”至“其性”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“克，能”，《释言》文(wen)。此“立我烝(zheng)民(min)”，与《尚书(shu)》“烝(zheng)民(min)乃(nai)(nai)粒(li)”，事义(yi)正同，故破(po)立从(cong)粒(li)。“烝(zheng)，众”，《释诂》文(wen)。《孝经》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“昔(xi)者(zhe)，周公(gong)(gong)郊祀后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)以配天。”是后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)配天，周公(gong)(gong)为之(zhi)。此诗周公(gong)(gong)所作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“周公(gong)(gong)思(si)先祖(zu)有(you)文(wen)德者(zhe)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)有(you)此文(wen)德，故周公(gong)(gong)思(si)之(zhi)，非谓遍思(si)先祖(zu)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)独有(you)文(wen)德也(ye)(ye)”。《尧典》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“帝曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘咨，四岳，汤汤洪(hong)水(shui)方割。’”是尧遭洪(hong)水(shui)也(ye)(ye)。又《舜典》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“帝曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘弃，黎(li)民(min)俎(zu)饥。汝(ru)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)播(bo)时百(bai)(bai)穀(gu)(gu)。’”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“俎(zu)读曰(yue)(yue)(yue)阻(zu)。阻(zu)，厄(e)也(ye)(ye)。时读曰(yue)(yue)(yue)莳，始者(zhe)，洪(hong)水(shui)时，众民(min)厄(e)於(wu)饥，汝(ru)居稷(ji)官，种莳百(bai)(bai)穀(gu)(gu)，以救活(huo)之(zhi)。”是黎(li)民(min)阻(zu)饥，后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)播(bo)殖(zhi)百(bai)(bai)穀(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。《益稷(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“禹曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘予暨稷(ji)播(bo)，奏庶艰食(shi)鲜食(shi)，烝(zheng)民(min)乃(nai)(nai)粒(li)，万(wan)邦作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)乂。’”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“禹复(fu)与稷(ji)教民(min)种。”泽物菜蔬，难厄(e)之(zhi)食(shi)，授以水(shui)之(zhi)众。鲜食(shi)，谓鱼(yu)鳖也(ye)(ye)。粒(li)，米也(ye)(ye)。乂，养(yang)也(ye)(ye)。众民(min)乃(nai)(nai)复(fu)粒(li)食(shi)，万(wan)国(guo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)相养(yang)之(zhi)礼，是“烝(zheng)民(min)乃(nai)(nai)粒(li)，万(wan)邦作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)乂”也(ye)(ye)。

贻我来牟，帝命率育。无此疆尔界，陈常于时夏。牟，麦。率，用也。笺云：贻，遗。率，循。育，养也。武王渡孟津，白鱼跃入于舟，出涘以燎。后五日，火流为乌，五至，以穀俱来。此谓遗我来牟，天命以是循存后稷养天下之功，而广大其子孙之国，无此封竟於女今之经界，乃大有天下也。用是故，陈其久常之功，於是夏而歌之。夏之属有九。《书》说乌以穀俱来，云穀纪后稷之德。
　　○贻音夷(yi)，字又作(zuo)“诒”，同(tong)。牟并如(ru)字，字书(shu)作(zuo)“麰”，音同(tong)。牟字或作(zuo)“{敄(wu)(wu)麦}”。《孟子》云：“{敄(wu)(wu)麦}，大麦也(ye)。”《广雅》云：“麳，小(xiao)麦。麰，大麦也(ye)。”疆，居良反(fan)，竟(jing)也(ye)。介音界(jie)，大也(ye)。后放此。夏，户雅反(fan)。注同(tong)。遗(yi)，唯季反(fan)。下(xia)同(tong)。涘音仕。燎，力召反(fan)。竟(jing)音境(jing)，本或作(zuo)“境(jing)”。

[疏]传“牟，麦。率，用”。
　　○正义曰：《孟子》云：“麰麦播种而耰之。”赵岐注云：“麰麦，大麦也。”《说文》云：“来，周受来牟也。一麦二廪夆，象其芒刺之形，天所来也。”《释诂》云：“率、由，自也。”由、自俱训为用，故率为用也。
　　○笺“贻遗”至“之德”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：“贻(yi)，遗”，《释(shi)(shi)言(yan)》文(wen)。“率，循。育，养”，《释(shi)(shi)诂》文(wen)。“武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)渡(du)孟(meng)津(jin)”至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“以(yi)穀(gu)(gu)俱来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)”，皆(jie)《尚(shang)书》文(wen)。《大誓(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“惟(wei)四月，太(tai)子发上(shang)祭於(wu)(wu)(wu)毕，下至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)孟(meng)津(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“孟(meng)津(jin)，地(di)名。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大子发升舟中(zhong)流，白(bai)(bai)鱼(yu)(yu)入於(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)舟。王(wang)(wang)(wang)跪取，出(chu)涘以(yi)燎(liao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“白(bai)(bai)鱼(yu)(yu)入舟，天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑞(rui)(rui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鱼(yu)(yu)无(wu)手足(zu)，象纣(zhou)无(wu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。白(bai)(bai)者，殷(yin)正(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)意若曰(yue)(yue)，以(yi)殷(yin)予武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，当(dang)(dang)待无(wu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。今(jin)尚(shang)仁人在位，未可(ke)伐也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。得白(bai)(bai)鱼(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑞(rui)(rui)，即变称(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)应天(tian)命定号也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。涘，涯也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)出(chu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)岸上(shang)，燔(fan)鱼(yu)(yu)以(yi)祭，变礼(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)火自(zi)上(shang)复於(wu)(wu)(wu)下，至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)屋(wu)，流之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)雕，其(qi)色赤，其(qi)声魄(po)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)穀(gu)(gu)俱来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)，燎(liao)后(hou)(hou)日(ri)(ri)(ri)数。王(wang)(wang)(wang)屋(wu)，所(suo)(suo)在之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舍上(shang)。流犹变也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。雕当(dang)(dang)为(wei)鸦，鸦，乌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。燎(liao)后(hou)(hou)五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)，而有(you)(you)(you)(you)火为(wei)乌。天(tian)报(bao)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)瑞(rui)(rui)。”《书说(shuo)》曰(yue)(yue)：“乌有(you)(you)(you)(you)孝(xiao)名，武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)卒父业，故(gu)乌瑞(rui)(rui)臻。赤，周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)。穀(gu)(gu)，记(ji)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德。”又(you)《礼(li)说(shuo)》曰(yue)(yue)：“武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)赤乌穀(gu)(gu)芒，应周(zhou)(zhou)尚(shang)赤用兵。王(wang)(wang)(wang)命曰(yue)(yue)为(wei)牟(mou)(mou)。天(tian)意若曰(yue)(yue)：须(xu)暇纣(zhou)五(wu)(wu)(wu)年，乃(nai)可(ke)诛(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)即位，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)时(shi)(shi)巳三年矣。穀(gu)(gu)，盖牟(mou)(mou)麦也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诗云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘贻(yi)我(wo)来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)牟(mou)(mou)’。”是(shi)(shi)郑所(suo)(suo)据(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)(zhou)自(zi)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)以(yi)来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)，得穀(gu)(gu)瑞(rui)(rui)者，唯彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)穀(gu)(gu)俱来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)“来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)牟(mou)(mou)”，彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“穀(gu)(gu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，彼此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)交(jiao)相证(zheng)明，其(qi)事同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《太(tai)誓(shi)(shi)》止(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)白(bai)(bai)鱼(yu)(yu)，不(bu)(bu)言(yan)鱼(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大小。《中(zhong)候·合符后(hou)(hou)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“鱼(yu)(yu)长三尺(chi)，赤文(wen)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)字(zi)题之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目下授(shou)右。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“右，助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)告以(yi)伐纣(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，是(shi)(shi)其(qi)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。”然则目下有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)授(shou)右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而彼“授(shou)右”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，犹有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)百二十馀字(zi)，乃(nai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)维退写成(cheng)以(yi)世字(zi)，鱼(yu)(yu)文(wen)消”。盖其(qi)鳞(lin)甲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)字(zi)，非云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)下所(suo)(suo)能容。直(zhi)言(yan)出(chu)涘以(yi)燎(liao)，不(bu)(bu)言(yan)回舟，盖在此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)岸燎(liao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《太(tai)誓(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)注(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)(bu)解五(wu)(wu)(wu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而“合符”后(hou)(hou)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)(wu)(wu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，犹五(wu)(wu)(wu)来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)。”不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)为(wei)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)五(wu)(wu)(wu)来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)，为(wei)当(dang)(dang)异日(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)穀(gu)(gu)”，则第五(wu)(wu)(wu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)，乃(nai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)穀(gu)(gu)耳。彼穀(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)牟(mou)(mou)，理当(dang)(dang)为(wei)一(yi)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)谓(wei)遗我(wo)来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)牟(mou)(mou)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)解“帝命率育”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。天(tian)命武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，正(zheng)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)牟(mou)(mou)麦者，循而存记(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)养天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功。言(yan)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)以(yi)穀(gu)(gu)养天(tian)下，故(gu)命武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)穀(gu)(gu)存记(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，是(shi)(shi)欲广大其(qi)子孙(sun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。无(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)封(feng)(feng)境於(wu)(wu)(wu)汝(ru)(ru)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)经界(jie)者，谓(wei)当(dang)(dang)时(shi)(shi)经界(jie)已广大万里，於(wu)(wu)(wu)汝(ru)(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)使无(wu)封(feng)(feng)疆，是(shi)(shi)乃(nai)大有(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)“无(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)疆尔(er)介”者，周(zhou)(zhou)公自(zi)据(ju)当(dang)(dang)时(shi)(shi)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)称(cheng)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意”，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“尔(er)自(zi)汝(ru)(ru)当(dang)(dang)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土境”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)与《时(shi)(shi)迈》皆(jie)周(zhou)(zhou)公所(suo)(suo)作，俱云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“时(shi)(shi)夏(xia)”，则以(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)二者为(wei)大功，故(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)乐为(wei)大歌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)九(jiu)，即《锺师(shi)》“九(jiu)夏(xia)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《书说(shuo)》“乌以(yi)穀(gu)(gu)具来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)”，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“穀(gu)(gu)以(yi)记(ji)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德”者，《尚(shang)书旋机钤》及《合符后(hou)(hou)》皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)。注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“稷(ji)好农稼，今(jin)乌衔穀(gu)(gu)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)记(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”

《思文》一(yi)章，八句(ju)。

《清庙之什》十篇，十章，九十五(wu)句(ju)。 　

◎臣工之(zhi)什诂训传第二(er)十(shi)七

《臣工》，诸侯助祭遣於庙(miao)也(ye)。

[疏]“《臣工》十五句”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：《臣(chen)工(gong)》诗者(zhe)，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)助(zhu)(zhu)祭(ji)遣(qian)(qian)於(wu)(wu)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)乐歌(ge)也(ye)。谓周公(gong)(gong)、成王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)时，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)以礼(li)春朝，因(yin)助(zhu)(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)。事(shi)(shi)毕(bi)(bi)将归，天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)戒(jie)(jie)敕(chi)而遣(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)庙(miao)。诗人述其(qi)事(shi)(shi)而作此(ci)(ci)歌(ge)焉。此(ci)(ci)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)来(lai)(lai)(lai)朝，行(xing)朝享之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)已(yi)终(zhong)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)飨食燕赐之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)又毕(bi)(bi)，唯待祭(ji)讫而去，故(gu)於(wu)(wu)祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)末，因(yin)在庙(miao)中(zhong)遣(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)。经(jing)陈戒(jie)(jie)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)，使助(zhu)(zhu)其(qi)公(gong)(gong)事(shi)(shi)。又戒(jie)(jie)车(che)右，令及时劝农。天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)宾敬诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)，不(bu)(bu)敕(chi)其(qi)身，戒(jie)(jie)其(qi)臣(chen)，亦所以戒(jie)(jie)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)，是其(qi)遣(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)助(zhu)(zhu)祭(ji)，是下土诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)自外来(lai)(lai)(lai)也(ye)。《振(zhen)(zhen)鹭(lu)》、《有(you)客(ke)》序皆云(yun)“来(lai)(lai)(lai)”；此(ci)(ci)与(yu)《烈文》不(bu)(bu)言(yan)来(lai)(lai)(lai)者(zhe)，《振(zhen)(zhen)鹭(lu)》、《有(you)客(ke)》经(jing)言(yan)“有(you)客(ke)戾(li)止”，主陈其(qi)来(lai)(lai)(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)意，故(gu)序言(yan)“来(lai)(lai)(lai)助(zhu)(zhu)”、“来(lai)(lai)(lai)见”；此(ci)(ci)与(yu)《烈文》王(wang)告戒(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)以事(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)说(shuo)其(qi)来(lai)(lai)(lai)，但因(yin)助(zhu)(zhu)祭(ji)而戒(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)，当言(yan)其(qi)助(zhu)(zhu)而已(yi)，不(bu)(bu)须言(yan)来(lai)(lai)(lai)也(ye)。《载见》述其(qi)始见，故(gu)序亦指言(yan)始见，不(bu)(bu)言(yan)其(qi)来(lai)(lai)(lai)。

嗟嗟臣工，敬尔在公。王釐尔成，来咨来茹。嗟嗟，敕之也。工，官也。公，君也。笺云：臣，谓诸侯也。釐，理。咨，谋。茹，度也。诸侯来朝天子，有不纯臣之义，於其将归，故於庙中正君臣之礼，敕其诸官卿大夫云：敬女在君之事，王乃平理女之成功。女有事，当来谋之、来度之於王之朝，无自专。
　　○釐，力(li)之反。茹，如预(yu)反，徐音(yin)如。度，待洛(luo)反。下同(tong)。朝，直遥(yao)反。下皆同(tong)。

[疏]“嗟嗟臣工”。
　　○正义曰：此周公、成王於祭之末，将遣诸侯，不直戒其身，为其太斥，故戒其卿大夫及车右以警切之。将戒，先嗟而又嗟，重叹以呼之曰：我臣之下诸官，谓诸侯之卿大夫也。汝等皆当敬慎於汝在君之职事。汝能如此，则我王家当平理汝之成功，知其勤惰，亦不忘汝劳。汝若有大事赏罚，当来咨谋计度於我王之庙，无得自专。欲使诸侯闻之，亦敬其事而不自专也。又敕其车右以农事，亦嗟而又嗟，重叹而呼之曰：尔从君之保介，谓车右，衣甲之人也，今巳是维暮之春矣，汝若归国，亦有何所求施於民乎？维汝如何於民之新田畬田。言汝当奈此民之新田畬田何，欲其劝民耕之也。所以令汝劝民耕田者何？於乎美哉，本赤乌所与俱来之牟麦，以瑞我周家，大受其光明，谓得此牟麦之瑞，而为天下所休庆也。此光明之事，乃见於上帝，言为上帝所闻知也。至今用以此瑞之故，常有乐岁，遂时和年丰，耕则必获。是田不可舍，汝可命我众民，令之具汝所用钱镈之田器，勤力以事农亩，终久必多铚刈。宜以此告劝下民，使勤於田事。
　　○传“嗟嗟”至“公君”。
　　○正义曰：嗟嗟，叹声。将敕而嗟叹，故云“嗟嗟，敕之”，非训为敕也。《皋陶谟》曰：“百工惟时。天工人其代之。”皆谓官也，故以工为官。“公，君”，《释诂》文。
　　○笺“臣”至“自专”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)义曰：此(ci)(ci)遣诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌。敕(chi)(chi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)，使(shi)敬(jing)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)事(shi)，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)谓(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。《尧典》云(yun)(yun)“允(yun)釐”，为(wei)(wei)(wei)理(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)理(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“咨，谋(mou)”，《释诂》文(wen)。“茹，度(du)”，《释言(yan)》文(wen)。又(you)解所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)者。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)来(lai)(lai)朝(chao)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)归，故(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)正(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)。明(ming)(ming)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心则(ze)(ze)当纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，恐彼(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)常，故(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)中(zhong)称(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)。既正(zheng)(zheng)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)礼(li)(li)，而(er)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分定(ding)(ding)，因以(yi)(yi)示义。见事(shi)当上逸下劳，故(gu)(gu)敕(chi)(chi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)下诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)官而(er)警(jing)切之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敬(jing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)事(shi)，有(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)来(lai)(lai)谋(mou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)。虽呼其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)而(er)戒(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，实亦戒(jie)(jie)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)朝(chao)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义者，以(yi)(yi)《秋(qiu)官·大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)》“掌大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)与(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)客之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪”注云(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宾(bin)(bin)，要服以(yi)(yi)内诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)客，谓(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孤卿。”然则(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)。宾(bin)(bin)者，敌主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞，是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《异义》：“《公羊(yang)》说‘诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)’。《左(zuo)氏(shi)》说‘诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者，天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蕃卫纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)’。谨案：《礼(li)(li)》，王(wang)(wang)者所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)者，谓(wei)(wei)彼(bi)(bi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，皆非(fei)巳德(de)所(suo)(suo)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。《易》曰：‘利建侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。’侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者，王(wang)(wang)所(suo)(suo)亲建，纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。玄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闻(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，宾(bin)(bin)者，敌主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)(cheng)，而(er)《礼(li)(li)》，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)见天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰宾(bin)(bin)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)文(wen)矣。”唯郑据《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)，以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)证也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)宾(bin)(bin)客之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)，明(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，则(ze)(ze)谓(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)对为(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)主(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)礼(li)(li)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)与(yu)朝(chao)廷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)礼(li)(li)，飨(xiang)燕则(ze)(ze)使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)燕其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，使(shi)宰夫为(wei)(wei)(wei)献(xian)。主(zhu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)对行(xing)(xing)(xing)礼(li)(li)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)》又(you)云(yun)(yun)：“九州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蕃国(guo)，世一(yi)见。”注云(yun)(yun)：“谓(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)小宾(bin)(bin)，臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)小客。”《小行(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)：“几(ji)四(si)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)客则(ze)(ze)摈，小客则(ze)(ze)受其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)币，听其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辞。见於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)狄(di)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)亦称(cheng)(cheng)宾(bin)(bin)客，则(ze)(ze)四(si)夷(yi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)则(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义耳。若诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，皆纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)矣。”《北(bei)山》云(yun)(yun)：“率土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滨，莫非(fei)王(wang)(wang)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。”《皋陶谟》云(yun)(yun)：“万(wan)邦黎(li)献(xian)，共惟(wei)帝臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)彼(bi)(bi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)者皆纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《书传(chuan)(chuan)》：“周公谓(wei)(wei)越常氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)译曰：‘德(de)泽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)焉(yan)，则(ze)(ze)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)享其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)质。政令不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)施焉(yan)，则(ze)(ze)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。’”明(ming)(ming)政令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，尽(jin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，故(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何知(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)工(gong)？君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)并(bing)敕(chi)(chi)，而(er)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)独(du)敕(chi)(chi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)卿大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫者，以(yi)(yi)下敕(chi)(chi)保介(jie)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)连(lian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)独(du)敕(chi)(chi)保介(jie)，则(ze)(ze)知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)亦独(du)敕(chi)(chi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敕(chi)(chi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)礼(li)(li)绝(jue)，尊卑(bei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同。天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戒(jie)(jie)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，当正(zheng)(zheng)尊卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)与(yu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)并(bing)受其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)命，以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)知(zhi)敕(chi)(chi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敕(chi)(chi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，必(bi)有(you)卿与(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫随之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)介(jie)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“敕(chi)(chi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)官卿大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《秋(qiu)官·司(si)仪》云(yun)(yun)：“诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公相(xiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)。及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)将(jiang)币，每门止一(yi)相(xiang)。及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)庙(miao)，唯上相(xiang)入。”则(ze)(ze)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)朝(chao)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，亦应唯上相(xiang)入庙(miao)耳。此(ci)(ci)得卿大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)车右俱在庙(miao)中(zhong)受敕(chi)(chi)者，彼(bi)(bi)谓(wei)(wei)将(jiang)币飨(xiang)食行(xing)(xing)(xing)礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，唯上相(xiang)入耳。此(ci)(ci)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)将(jiang)归，遣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)召入而(er)戒(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非(fei)致币之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。敬(jing)汝在君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，王(wang)(wang)乃平理(li)汝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成功，谓(wei)(wei)有(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)功，则(ze)(ze)赐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车服以(yi)(yi)宠章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》宣(xuan)十六年，晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)请於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)，以(yi)(yi)黻(fu)冕命士会将(jiang)中(zhong)军；襄十九年，郑公孙(sun)虿(chai)卒，范宣(xuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)言(yan)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)善於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)伐秦，晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)请於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)，王(wang)(wang)追赐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路以(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)礼(li)(li)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)功，王(wang)(wang)平理(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)来(lai)(lai)谋(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、度(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)者，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在庙(miao)敕(chi)(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)言(yan)来(lai)(lai)，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)来(lai)(lai)谋(mou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且古者大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)谋(mou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)中(zhong)。《访落》序云(yun)(yun)：“嗣(si)王(wang)(wang)谋(mou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)。”《国(guo)语》云(yun)(yun)：“谋(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廊(lang)庙(miao)，失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)原。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)必(bi)谋(mou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。定(ding)(ding)本、《集注》朝(chao)字(zi)作“庙(miao)”，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)义为(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)。

嗟嗟保介，维莫之春。亦又何求？如何新畬。田二岁曰新，三岁曰畬。笺云：保介，车右也。《月令》“孟春，天子亲载耒耜，措之於参保介之御间”。莫，晚也。周之季春，於夏为孟春。诸侯朝周之春，故晚春遣之。敕其车右以时事，女归，当何求於民？将如新田、畬田何急？其教农趋时也。介，甲也。车右，勇力之士，被甲执兵也。
　　○莫音(yin)暮，本或作“暮”。注(zhu)同。畬音(yin)馀。耒，力对反。耜音(yin)似。措，七(qi)故反。夏，户(hu)雅反。被，皮寄反。

[疏]笺“保介”至“执兵”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：此(ci)(ci)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)敕人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《月(yue)令(ling)(ling)》准(zhun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，知(zhi)保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)为(wei)车(che)(che)(che)右(you)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)即(ji)引《月(yue)令(ling)(ling)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。尽“保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)御(yu)间(jian)”，皆《月(yue)令(ling)(ling)》文(wen)。彼(bi)说天子(zi)耕(geng)籍田(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)。天子(zi)亲(qin)载耒(lei)耜，措置(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)参乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与御(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)二(er)人(ren)间(jian)。君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)(che)(che)上，止有御(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)与车(che)(che)(che)右(you)二(er)人(ren)而(er)(er)(er)已，今(jin)言(yan)(yan)保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)与御(yu)，明保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)即(ji)车(che)(che)(che)右(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，证(zheng)保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)为(wei)车(che)(che)(che)右(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又明以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)农(nong)(nong)(nong)事敕车(che)(che)(che)右(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诸侯(hou)(hou)耕(geng)籍劝(quan)农(nong)(nong)(nong)，则(ze)此(ci)(ci)人(ren)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)(tong)车(che)(che)(che)，而(er)(er)(er)置(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)器於(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)间(jian)，常见劝(quan)农(nong)(nong)(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，故(gu)(gu)(gu)敕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)敕御(yu)人(ren)，偏敕车(che)(che)(che)右(you)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)御(yu)人(ren)本主於(wu)(wu)(wu)御(yu)车(che)(che)(che)，不(bu)(bu)主辅(fu)君，故(gu)(gu)(gu)专(zhuan)敕车(che)(che)(che)右(you)，明其(qi)(qi)卫君车(che)(che)(che)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)“保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)御(yu)间(jian)”者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)君左载，御(yu)在中(zhong)央(yang)，明其(qi)(qi)远君措之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)系(xi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)车(che)(che)(che)右(you)。因御(yu)字单言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)便文(wen)。耒(lei)耜不(bu)(bu)近君，而(er)(er)(er)置(zhi)(zhi)御(yu)右(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)，彼(bi)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)“明己(ji)劝(quan)人(ren)，非(fei)农(nong)(nong)(nong)人(ren)”故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。暮晚(wan)者(zhe)(zhe)，古(gu)暮字作(zuo)莫，《说文(wen)》云(yun)(yun)：“日在音(yin)莽中(zhong)为(wei)莫。”是(shi)晚(wan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)。时(shi)(shi)有三月(yue)，季(ji)(ji)(ji)为(wei)其(qi)(qi)晚(wan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季(ji)(ji)(ji)春为(wei)晚(wan)春也(ye)(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)非(fei)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季(ji)(ji)(ji)春者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《月(yue)令(ling)(ling)》季(ji)(ji)(ji)冬命民(min)修耒(lei)耜，具田(tian)(tian)(tian)器。农(nong)(nong)(nong)书称孟(meng)春耕(geng)者(zhe)(zhe)急(ji)(ji)发，不(bu)(bu)得(de)於(wu)(wu)(wu)建辰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)方始劝(quan)农(nong)(nong)(nong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)是(shi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孟(meng)春也(ye)(ye)(ye)。且此(ci)(ci)诸侯(hou)(hou)来朝(chao)而(er)(er)(er)遣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，若是(shi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季(ji)(ji)(ji)春，非(fei)复朝(chao)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“诸侯(hou)(hou)朝(chao)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)春”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明此(ci)(ci)为(wei)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正月(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)，必以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正月(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)，《明堂位》云(yun)(yun)：“季(ji)(ji)(ji)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)六(liu)月(yue)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禘(di)礼(li)记周(zhou)公於(wu)(wu)(wu)太庙。”《杂记》云(yun)(yun)：“七(qi)月(yue)而(er)(er)(er)禘(di)，献子(zi)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)六(liu)月(yue)为(wei)正，讥用(yong)七(qi)月(yue)，则(ze)祭用(yong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孟(meng)月(yue)矣。故(gu)(gu)(gu)《王(wang)(wang)制》注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“祭以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)首(shou)时(shi)(shi)，荐以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仲月(yue)。”诸侯(hou)(hou)时(shi)(shi)祭用(yong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正月(yue)。《王(wang)(wang)制》云(yun)(yun)：“诸侯(hou)(hou)礿则(ze)不(bu)(bu)禘(di)，禘(di)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)尝(chang)(chang)，尝(chang)(chang)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)烝(zheng)，烝(zheng)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)礿。”注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“虞夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制，诸侯(hou)(hou)岁朝(chao)。废(fei)一时(shi)(shi)祭，明是(shi)朝(chao)祭同(tong)(tong)月(yue)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)废(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《明堂位》云(yun)(yun)：“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)礿，秋(qiu)尝(chang)(chang)，冬烝(zheng)，天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)。”独不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)春祀(si)，得(de)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)朝(chao)王(wang)(wang)而(er)(er)(er)阙(que)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？故(gu)(gu)(gu)彼(bi)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“鲁(lu)在东方，朝(chao)必以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春，或阙(que)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)，明诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)，皆用(yong)孟(meng)月(yue)可知(zhi)。由孟(meng)春耕(geng)期(qi)既逼，故(gu)(gu)(gu)敕其(qi)(qi)车(che)(che)(che)右(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)时(shi)(shi)事，即(ji)耕(geng)田(tian)(tian)(tian)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。汝归当何(he)求(qiu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)民(min)？言(yan)(yan)无所可求(qiu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)民(min)，唯求(qiu)其(qi)(qi)勤力於(wu)(wu)(wu)农(nong)(nong)(nong)耳。如新(xin)田(tian)(tian)(tian)、畬田(tian)(tian)(tian)何(he)？如犹奈何(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。当奈此(ci)(ci)田(tian)(tian)(tian)何(he)？王(wang)(wang)意(yi)急(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)教农(nong)(nong)(nong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)趋(qu)时(shi)(shi)，恐时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晚(wan)过也(ye)(ye)(ye)。更(geng)解谓(wei)车(che)(che)(che)右(you)为(wei)保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，甲(jia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。车(che)(che)(che)右(you)，勇力之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士，被甲(jia)执(zhi)兵，故(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《月(yue)令(ling)(ling)》注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“保(bao)(bao)犹衣(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”勇力之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士，衣(yi)甲(jia)执(zhi)兵。此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)“被”，彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)“衣(yi)”，皆保(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。

於皇来牟，将受厥明。明昭上帝，迄用康年。康，乐也。笺云：将，大。迄，至也。於美乎，赤乌以牟麦俱来，故我周家大受其光明。谓为珍瑞，天下所休庆也。此瑞乃明见於天，至今用之，有乐岁，五穀丰熟。
　　○於(wu)音(yin)(yin)乌。注同。迄，许(xu)乞反。乐音(yin)(yin)洛。下同。见，贤(xian)遍反。

[疏]传“康，乐”。
　　○正义曰：《释诂》文。
　　○笺“将大”至“丰熟”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)义曰：“将，大(da)。迄，至(zhi)”，《释诂》文。於(wu)(wu)者(zhe)，叹(tan)辞。皇(huang)训为(wei)(wei)美(mei)(mei)。於(wu)(wu)美(mei)(mei)乎，叹(tan)其(qi)受麦(mai)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)而得丰(feng)年(nian)也(ye)(ye)。大(da)受其(qi)光明，谓(wei)为(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下所(suo)休庆(qing)(qing)者(zhe)，由(you)受天(tian)(tian)(tian)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)而人(ren)(ren)(ren)归之(zhi)，是其(qi)为(wei)(wei)所(suo)美(mei)(mei)庆(qing)(qing)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)乃(nai)明见(jian)(jian)(jian)於(wu)(wu)上天(tian)(tian)(tian)，言既(ji)为(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)知(zhi)，又为(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)知(zhi)，美(mei)(mei)其(qi)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)之(zhi)著也(ye)(ye)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)知(zhi)谓(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下归之(zhi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)知(zhi)谓(wei)今(jin)之(zhi)丰(feng)熟(shu)。此(ci)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)本自天(tian)(tian)(tian)来，而云(yun)(yun)见(jian)(jian)(jian)於(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)者(zhe)，见(jian)(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)相因(yin)，以(yi)为(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)见(jian)(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)而归之(zhi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)见(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)归而降福(fu)，美(mei)(mei)此(ci)周(zhou)德(de)，赐之(zhi)丰(feng)年(nian)。至(zhi)今(jin)用之(zhi)，常有乐岁，正(zheng)(zheng)谓(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)丰(feng)熟(shu)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行之(zhi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)。《月令》：“春食(shi)麦(mai)，夏(xia)食(shi)菽，季夏(xia)食(shi)稷(ji)，秋食(shi)麻，冬食(shi)黍(shu)。”《天(tian)(tian)(tian)官(guan)(guan)·疾(ji)医》：“以(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)养(yang)其(qi)病。”注云(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)：麻、黍(shu)、稷(ji)、麦(mai)、豆也(ye)(ye)。”是郑以(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行之(zhi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。《夏(xia)官(guan)(guan)·职方氏》：“豫(yu)州(zhou)其(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)宜(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)种。”注云(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)种：黍(shu)、稷(ji)、菽、麦(mai)、稻。”不(bu)以(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行之(zhi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)种者(zhe)，以(yi)《职方》辨九州(zhou)土(tu)地(di)生殖之(zhi)所(suo)宜(yi)，每(mei)州(zhou)不(bu)同，非五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行常穀(gu)(gu)(gu)。豫(yu)州(zhou)之(zhi)界(jie)，东接(jie)青州(zhou)，宜(yi)稻、麦(mai)；西接(jie)雍州(zhou)，宜(yi)黍(shu)、稷(ji)。明豫(yu)州(zhou)宜(yi)黍(shu)、稷(ji)、稻、麦(mai)也(ye)(ye)。菽则土(tu)地(di)多生，人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)常种，明通菽为(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)。《职方》又云(yun)(yun)，“幽州(zhou)宜(yi)三种”，注云(yun)(yun)：“黍(shu)、稷(ji)、稻。”“兖州(zhou)宜(yi)四种”，注云(yun)(yun)：“黍(shu)、稷(ji)、稻、麦(mai)。”皆准约(yue)所(suo)与连接(jie)者(zhe)言之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。

命我众人，庤乃钱镈，奄观铚艾。庤，具。钱，銚。镈，鎒。铚，获也。笺云：奄，久。观，多也。教我庶民，具女田器，终久必多铚艾，劝之也。
　　○庤，持耻反(fan)(fan)(fan)。钱，子践反(fan)(fan)(fan)。镈音博。奄，郑(zheng)音淹，王、徐并如字(zi)。观，古玩反(fan)(fan)(fan)，又如字(zi)。注同。铚(zhi)，珍栗反(fan)(fan)(fan)。艾音刈(yi)。銚(yao)(yao)，七遥(yao)反(fan)(fan)(fan)，何士(shi)尧反(fan)(fan)(fan)，沈(shen)音遥(yao)。《世本(ben)》云：“垂作(zuo)銚(yao)(yao)。”鎒，乃豆反(fan)(fan)(fan)，或作(zuo)耨。《吕氏春(chun)秋》云：“耨柄尺(chi)，此(ci)其度也(ye)(ye)。其耨六(liu)(liu)寸(cun)，以(yi)间稼也(ye)(ye)。”高诱注云：“耨，所(suo)以(yi)芸田也(ye)(ye)。六(liu)(liu)寸(cun)所(suo)以(yi)入苗间也(ye)(ye)。”《字(zi)诂》云：长(zhang)六(liu)(liu)寸(cun)，柄长(zhang)一(yi)尺(chi)。”鎒，古字(zi)也(ye)(ye)，今作(zuo)“耨”，同。获(huo)，户郭反(fan)(fan)(fan)，本(ben)或作(zuo)“镬”，音同。《释名》云：“铚(zhi)，获(huo)铁(tie)也(ye)(ye)。”《说文》云：“铚(zhi)，获(huo)禾短镰也(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)则铚(zhi)器(qi)可以(yi)获(huo)禾，故云“铚(zhi)，获(huo)也(ye)(ye)”。《小尔(er)雅》云：“截颖谓之铚(zhi)。”截颖即获(huo)也(ye)(ye)。

[疏]传“庤具”至“铚获”。正义曰：“庤，具”，《释诂》文。《说文》云：“钱，銚，古田器。”《世本》云：“垂作銚。”宋仲子注云：“銚，刈也。”然则銚，刈物之器也。《说文》云：“镈，田器也。”《释名》云：“镈，锄类也。镈，迫地去草。”《世本》云：“垂作耨。”《释器》云：“斪劚谓之定。”李巡曰：“锄也。”郭璞曰：“锄属。”《广雅》云：“定谓之耨。”《吕氏春秋》云：“耨柄尺，此其度也。其耨六寸，所以间稼也。”高诱注云：“耨芸苗也，六寸所以入苗间。”此云镈、耨当是一器，但诸文或以为耨即锄，或云锄类。古器变易，未能审之。《释名》云：“铚，获禾铁也。”《说文》曰：“铚，获禾短镰也。”然则铚器可以获禾，故云“铚，获也”。《管子》云：“一农之事，必有一铚一耨一銚然后成农。”是三者皆田器。
　　○笺“奄，久。观，多”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：《释诂》文。彼(bi)奄作“淹(yan)”。盖郑读(du)《尔雅(ya)》以淹(yan)为奄故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。王肃(su)云：“奄，同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)。”毛於《执竞》之传以奄为同(tong)(tong)，言同(tong)(tong)多铚(zhi)刈，但无(wu)传可据，故(gu)(gu)同(tong)(tong)之郑焉。

《臣工(gong)》一章，十(shi)五句。

《噫嘻》，春夏祈穀于上帝也。祈，犹祷也，求也。《月令》“孟春祈穀于上帝，夏则龙见而雩”是与？
　　○意嘻，意又(you)作“噫”，同(tong)於其反。噫音(yin)禧。祷，丁老反，又(you)丁报(bao)反。见，贤遍反。雩音(yin)于。与(yu)音(yin)馀。

[疏]“《噫嘻》八句”。
　　○正义曰：《噫嘻》诗者，春夏祈穀於上帝之乐歌也。谓周公、成王之时，春郊夏雩，以祷求膏雨而成其穀实，为此祭於上帝。诗人述其事而作此歌焉。经陈播种耕田之事，是重穀为之祈祷，戒民使勤农业，故作者因其祷祭而述其农事。
　　○笺“祈犹”至“是与”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)官(guan)·太祝(zhu)》“掌六祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)辞，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu)祥，求(qiu)永贞”。知(zhi)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祷求(qiu)，谓祷请求(qiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)降(jiang)雨以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》“孟(meng)(meng)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”，及(ji)《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》“夏则龙(long)星见(jian)而(er)(er)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”，此(ci)(ci)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)夏祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)与(yu)？以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孟(meng)(meng)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)与(yu)此(ci)(ci)同，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)又(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)求(qiu)雨之(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。“龙(long)星见(jian)而(er)(er)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”，桓五年《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》有(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)。此(ci)(ci)引之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》事(shi)(shi)在孟(meng)(meng)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)时(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)分明(ming)，故(gu)(gu)显言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》。《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)龙(long)见(jian)，则时(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)，引取其(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“夏”则非彼成(cheng)(cheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)若不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)审之(zhi)(zhi)辞，亦(yi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)足句(ju)也(ye)(ye)。必知(zhi)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》“仲夏，大(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”，实是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，但雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)龙(long)见(jian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)，当(dang)在孟(meng)(meng)夏之(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)错(cuo)至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)仲夏，失正(zheng)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)引之(zhi)(zhi)。《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》称“凡祀(si)(si)，启蛰(zhe)而(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，龙(long)见(jian)而(er)(er)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”。郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)连，事(shi)(shi)正(zheng)当(dang)此(ci)(ci)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)并引《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)无祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，故(gu)(gu)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》、《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》各取其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)。《郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)特牲》云(yun)：“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)，大(da)(da)报(bao)(bao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)主日(ri)。”《书传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)：“祀(si)(si)上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报(bao)(bao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)德。”然则郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报(bao)(bao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，而(er)(er)云(yun)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)非神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)福(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报(bao)(bao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)已往，又(you)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)将来，故(gu)(gu)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、报(bao)(bao)两言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，至(zhi)尊之(zhi)(zhi)物，善(shan)恶莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)之(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)一(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)报(bao)(bao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。襄七年《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)：“夫郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)后稷(ji)(ji)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)农事(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)启蛰(zhe)而(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)而(er)(er)后耕(geng)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)经》云(yun)：“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)后稷(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，宗祀(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)堂(tang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”止(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)配(pei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑《箴膏盲(mang)》云(yun)：“《孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)经》主说周(zhou)公孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)必配(pei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，本不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)出，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)备。”《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》“孟(meng)(meng)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)元日(ri)，祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)。后乃“择元辰(chen)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)亲载耒(lei)耜(si)，躬耕(geng)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)籍”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)而(er)(er)后耕(geng)。二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，献(xian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，合是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。案《礼(li)记·大(da)(da)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》注(zhu)云(yun)：“王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)先祖(zu)，皆感(gan)太微五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)精以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)。苍则灵威仰，皆用正(zheng)岁之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)，盖特尊焉。《孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)经》曰(yue)：‘郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)后稷(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)’，配(pei)灵威仰也(ye)(ye)。”然则夏正(zheng)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)所(suo)感(gan)一(yi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)已。《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》注(zhu)云(yun)：“雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祀(si)(si)五精之(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”则雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)总(zong)祀(si)(si)五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)矣。郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)所(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同。此(ci)(ci)序并云(yun)“祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)于上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)亦(yi)五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)，同有(you)五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，故(gu)(gu)一(yi)名(ming)上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兼之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》“孟(meng)(meng)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”之(zhi)(zhi)下，注(zhu)云(yun)：“上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)微五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)谓祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)所(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)微之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，总(zong)祀(si)(si)五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)。《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)官(guan)·典瑞(rui)》云(yun)：“四圭有(you)邸，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)旅(lv)上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”注(zhu)云(yun)：“祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，夏正(zheng)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)。上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”所(suo)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)亦(yi)五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，殊言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，尊异之(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)殊之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，非《周(zhou)礼(li)》相对(dui)之(zhi)(zhi)例，序者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)省(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)便文(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)。

噫嘻成王，既昭假尔，率时农夫，播厥百穀。意，叹也。嘻，和也。成王，成是王事也。笺云：噫嘻，有所多大之声也。假，至也。播，犹种也。噫嘻乎能成周王之功，其德已著至矣。谓光被四表，格于上下也。又能率是主田之吏农夫，使民耕田而种百穀也。
　　○成王如字(zi)，又于(yu)况反(fan)(fan)。注(zhu)同。假，郑、王并音格，沈(shen)云：“毛如字(zi)。”彼，皮寄反(fan)(fan)。

[疏]“噫嘻成王”。
　　○毛以为，噫嘻然嗟叹而有所戒敕者，成是王事之王。谓周公、成王也。此王既巳政教光明，至於天下，德既光明，显著如此，犹能敬重农事，率是典田之官，令之教民耕田而种百穀。典田之官既受率约，即告民云：我欲得大发汝之私田，终於三十里，欲使各极其望，无不垦耕，汝等须大事汝所耕，及时趋农，十千人维为配耦，恐其失时，欲令万夫俱作。天下既已太平，尚能重民如此，为之祈神，殷勤戒敕，故美而歌之。
　　○郑唯“噫嘻”二字与“骏”字别，又三十里为一部一吏主之，实有十千之数，具说在笺。
　　○传“噫叹”至“王事”。
　　○正义曰：孔子见颜渊死，曰：“噫！天丧予。”成汤见四面罗者曰：“嘻！尽之矣。”则噫嘻皆是叹声。为叹以敕之，传因其文，重分而属之，非训噫嘻为叹敕也。此噫嘻犹上篇云嗟嗟耳。毛亦以上篇重农嗟嗟而敕保介，此文类之，明亦噫嘻而敕之。
　　○笺“噫嘻”至“百穀”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：以噫(yi)嘻(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)方美(mei)其成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)至，而(er)“率时农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)”乃在下(xia)(xia)句，则噫(yi)嘻(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，未是(shi)敕戒，故以为(wei)“有所(suo)多大(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)”，谓(wei)作者(zhe)有所(suo)裒多美(mei)大(da)(da)，而(er)为(wei)声(sheng)以叹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故言(yan)“噫(yi)嘻(xi)，有所(suo)多大(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)”。“假(jia)，至”，《释诂(gu)》文。彼(bi)假(jia)作格，音义(yi)同。言(yan)既明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)至，亦(yi)是(shi)君德(de)著(zhu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)而(er)有所(suo)至，故引《尚(shang)书》以当之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“光彼(bi)四表(biao)，格于上下(xia)(xia)”，《尧典》文也(ye)(ye)。注(zhu)云：“言(yan)尧德(de)光耀(yao)，及四海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)，至於(wu)天地(di)，所(suo)谓(wei)大(da)(da)人(ren)与天地(di)合其德(de)，与日月齐其明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。”彼(bi)说尧德(de)，而(er)圣人(ren)道同，周(zhou)公、成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)，德(de)亦(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故美(mei)其能“昭假(jia)”也(ye)(ye)。先言(yan)此者(zhe)，人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恒性，莫不(bu)急於(wu)未就，惰(duo)於(wu)已成(cheng)(cheng)。今(jin)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)者(zhe)，德(de)既著(zhu)至，而(er)犹尚(shang)重农(nong)(nong)(nong)，以是(shi)而(er)益(yi)可美(mei)矣，故云“又能率是(shi)主田(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏(li)农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)，使(shi)民耕田(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)种百穀”，谓(wei)王(wang)者(zhe)率农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)，教下(xia)(xia)民也(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)是(shi)主田(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏(li)者(zhe)，以文承(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)，则是(shi)王(wang)者(zhe)率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若田(tian)(tian)(tian)农(nong)(nong)(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夫(fu)(fu)，非王(wang)所(suo)亲率。而(er)《释言(yan)》云：“畯，农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)。”畯即《豳风》、小雅及《春官·籥章》所(suo)云“田(tian)(tian)(tian)畯”者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。田(tian)(tian)(tian)畯主典田(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官，而(er)《尔雅》谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)，故知(zhi)农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)是(shi)主田(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏(li)也(ye)(ye)。

骏发尔私，终三十里。亦服尔耕，十千维耦。私，民田也。言上欲富其民而让於下，欲民之大发其私田耳。终三十里，言各极其望也。笺云：骏，疾也。发，伐也。亦，大服事也。使民疾耕，发其私田，竟三十里者，一部一吏主之，於是民大事耕其私田，万耦同时举也。《周礼》曰：“凡治野田，夫间有遂，遂上有径；十夫有沟，沟上有畛；百夫有洫，洫上有涂；千夫有氵会，氵会上有道；万夫有川，川上有路。”计此万夫之地，方三十三里少半里也。耜广五寸，二耜为耦。一川之间万夫，故有万耦。耕言三十里者，举其成数。
　　○浚，本亦(yi)作“骏”，音畯，毛“大也”。郑云“疾(ji)也”。“发(fa)发(fa)伐”，一(yi)本无一(yi)“发(fa)”字(zi)。径，古定反(fan)。畛，之忍反(fan)，又(you)之人(ren)反(fan)。洫，况(kuang)域反(fan)。氵(shui)会，古外反(fan)。广，古旷反(fan)。

[疏]传“私民”至“其望”。
　　○正义曰：毛以此经皆敕民之言，故解其敕意，所在皆有。公田在民井田之间，亦当民所耕发，而云“骏发尔私”者，上意欲富其民而让於下，欲民之大发私田，使之耕以取富，故言私而不及公，令民知君於己之专，则感而乐业故也。《大田》云：“雨我公田，遂及我私。”是民意之先公也。此云“骏发尔私”，言不及公，上意之让下也。以彼公私相对，知此言私对公，训骏为大，故云“大发其私田”也。又解正言三十里意。终三十里者，各极其望，谓人目之望所见，极於三十。每各极望，则遍及天下矣。三十以极望为言，则“十千维耦”者，以万为盈数，故举之以言，非谓三十里内有十千人也。王肃云：“三十里天地合，所之而三十则天下遍。”此申毛之意也。言人目所望，三十里而天地合，於三十里外，不复见之，是为极望也。
　　○笺“骏疾”至“成数”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)曰：《释(shi)(shi)诂(gu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“速(su)，疾(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。骏(jun)，速(su)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”转以(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)训，是(shi)(shi)骏(jun)为(wei)(wei)疾(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《冬(dong)官·匠人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)耦(ou)(ou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伐(fa)。”伐(fa)，发地(di)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“发，伐(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。言(yan)(yan)伐(fa)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)耜击伐(fa)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)地(di)，使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)发起(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“亦(yi)，大(da)(da)(da)服事(shi)(shi)”，《释(shi)(shi)诂(gu)》文。彼(bi)“亦(yi)”作“弈”，音义(yi)同。笺以(yi)(yi)(yi)“播(bo)厥百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)穀”，是(shi)(shi)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)率约农(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)。“骏(jun)发尔私，终三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)”，是(shi)(shi)农(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)教民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)。故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“使民疾(ji)(ji)耕(geng)，发其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)私田(tian)(tian)(tian)”，谓(wei)农(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。终训竟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。正(zheng)(zheng)使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)竟三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立田(tian)(tian)(tian)官，每(mei)(mei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)分(fen)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)，令一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏(li)主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。主(zhu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏(li)，谓(wei)农(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。农(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)自(zi)敕终己(ji)境界，故(gu)指(zhi)言(yan)(yan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“亦(yi)服尔耕(geng)，十(shi)(shi)千(qian)维耦(ou)(ou)”，是(shi)(shi)民从农(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)号令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)民大(da)(da)(da)耕(geng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)，万耦(ou)(ou)同时举(ju)足(zu)而(er)耕(geng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。知此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)，使一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)吏(li)主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)率农(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，使教民种(zhong)穀，农(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)即(ji)(ji)号令其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，令疾(ji)(ji)发私田(tian)(tian)(tian)，终三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)。明(ming)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)农(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)所(suo)(suo)部(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)界，故(gu)知每(mei)(mei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)分(fen)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)，使一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)吏(li)主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《公羊(yang)传》曰：“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)公者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)？天子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏(li)。”则(ze)吏(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，在官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)称(cheng)。《七月》传云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“畯(jun)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。”畯(jun)即(ji)(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)农(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)而(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)吏(li)，盖(gai)皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。笺又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)万人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)耦(ou)(ou)，与(yu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)大(da)(da)(da)数相(xiang)(xiang)应，故(gu)引《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)证之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。所(suo)(suo)引《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)》，尽“川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)路(lu)”，皆(jie)(jie)《地(di)官·遂(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)意(yi)言(yan)(yan)，凡治(zhi)郊外(wai)野人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间有(you)(you)(you)(you)通(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)，广(guang)深(shen)各(ge)二(er)(er)尺(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)上(shang)(shang)即(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)径(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)牛(niu)马(ma)(ma)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)通(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沟(gou)(gou)(gou)，广(guang)深(shen)各(ge)四(si)(si)尺(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)沟(gou)(gou)(gou)上(shang)(shang)即(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)径(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)畛(zhen)(zhen)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)大(da)(da)(da)车(che)(che)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)通(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)洫(xu)(xu)，广(guang)深(shen)各(ge)八尺(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)洫(xu)(xu)上(shang)(shang)即(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)涂(tu)(tu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)乘车(che)(che)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)千(qian)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)通(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)，广(guang)丈(zhang)六(liu)尺(chi)，深(shen)丈(zhang)四(si)(si)尺(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)上(shang)(shang)即(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)容(rong)(rong)二(er)(er)轨(gui)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)万夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)自(zi)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)(shang)即(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)广(guang)路(lu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)容(rong)(rong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)轨(gui)。是(shi)(shi)《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)万夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)限，与(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)十(shi)(shi)千(qian)相(xiang)(xiang)当。又(you)计(ji)(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)万夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)亩(mu)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)步(bu)(bu)，积万夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)广(guang)长(zhang)各(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)乘是(shi)(shi)万也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既广(guang)长(zhang)皆(jie)(jie)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)步(bu)(bu)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)里(li)(li)(li)，则(ze)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)里(li)(li)(li)馀百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)步(bu)(bu)，即(ji)(ji)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)里(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)少(shao)半里(li)(li)(li)，是(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)里(li)(li)(li)又(you)少(shao)半里(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“耜广(guang)五寸，二(er)(er)耜为(wei)(wei)耦(ou)(ou)”，《冬(dong)官·匠人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间有(you)(you)(you)(you)万夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，故(gu)为(wei)(wei)万人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)对耦(ou)(ou)而(er)耕(geng)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)万人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)受田(tian)(tian)(tian)计(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)里(li)(li)(li)少(shao)半里(li)(li)(li)，正(zheng)(zheng)言(yan)(yan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，举(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)数也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)与(yu)十(shi)(shi)千(qian)举(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)数，正(zheng)(zheng)足(zu)相(xiang)(xiang)充，故(gu)郑(zheng)首尾为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)易传也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《遂(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“十(shi)(shi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)二(er)(er)邻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)，百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)酂(cuo)(cuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)，千(qian)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)二(er)(er)鄙(bi)(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)，万夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)四(si)(si)县(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)。遂(sui)(sui)(sui)、沟(gou)(gou)(gou)、洫(xu)(xu)、氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)，皆(jie)(jie)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。遂(sui)(sui)(sui)广(guang)深(shen)各(ge)二(er)(er)尺(chi)，沟(gou)(gou)(gou)倍遂(sui)(sui)(sui)，洫(xu)(xu)倍沟(gou)(gou)(gou)。沟(gou)(gou)(gou)广(guang)二(er)(er)寻(xun)，深(shen)二(er)(er)仞。径(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、畛(zhen)(zhen)、涂(tu)(tu)、道(dao)(dao)、路(lu)，皆(jie)(jie)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)车(che)(che)徒(tu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)国都也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。径(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)容(rong)(rong)牛(niu)马(ma)(ma)，畛(zhen)(zhen)容(rong)(rong)大(da)(da)(da)车(che)(che)，涂(tu)(tu)容(rong)(rong)车(che)(che)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)轨(gui)，道(dao)(dao)容(rong)(rong)二(er)(er)轨(gui)，路(lu)容(rong)(rong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)轨(gui)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)南(nan)亩(mu)图之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)从沟(gou)(gou)(gou)横(heng)(heng)(heng)，洫(xu)(xu)从氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)横(heng)(heng)(heng)，九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)涂(tu)(tu)而(er)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)周(zhou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)焉。是(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)具解(jie)五沟(gou)(gou)(gou)五涂(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)治(zhi)野田(tian)(tian)(tian)，故(gu)还据遂(sui)(sui)(sui)中(zhong)邻、里(li)(li)(li)、酂(cuo)(cuo)、鄙(bi)(bi)(bi)、县(xian)而(er)说之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。四(si)(si)县(xian)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)，计(ji)(ji)六(liu)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)县(xian)为(wei)(wei)七部(bu)(bu)犹(you)馀二(er)(er)部(bu)(bu)，盖(gai)与(yu)公邑采地(di)共为(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何(he)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)？“遂(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)路(lu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)达(da)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)畿。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)畿，则(ze)中(zhong)虽有(you)(you)(you)(you)都、鄙(bi)(bi)(bi)，遂(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)尽主(zhu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)。”是(shi)(shi)都、鄙(bi)(bi)(bi)与(yu)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)同制，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)法(fa)明(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)共为(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《地(di)官》序(xu)县(xian)正(zheng)(zheng)每(mei)(mei)县(xian)下大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，鄙(bi)(bi)(bi)师每(mei)(mei)鄙(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)士(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，酂(cuo)(cuo)长(zhang)每(mei)(mei)酂(cuo)(cuo)中(zhong)士(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，里(li)(li)(li)宰(zai)每(mei)(mei)里(li)(li)(li)下士(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，邻长(zhang)五家则(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。计(ji)(ji)四(si)(si)县(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)鄙(bi)(bi)(bi)，百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)酂(cuo)(cuo)，四(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)，二(er)(er)千(qian)邻，则(ze)邻长(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，合有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)千(qian)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)矣。而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)吏(li)主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，彼(bi)谓(wei)主(zhu)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官，与(yu)典田(tian)(tian)(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)别职(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏(li)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《遂(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》注(zhu)所(suo)(suo)言(yan)(yan)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)、沟(gou)(gou)(gou)、洫(xu)(xu)、氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)广(guang)深(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数，皆(jie)(jie)《冬(dong)官》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。径(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、畛(zhen)(zhen)、涂(tu)(tu)、道(dao)(dao)、路(lu)所(suo)(suo)容(rong)(rong)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《匠人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》差约而(er)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)，无正(zheng)(zheng)文。言(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)南(nan)亩(mu)图之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，遂(sui)(sui)(sui)从沟(gou)(gou)(gou)横(heng)(heng)(heng)，洫(xu)(xu)从氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)横(heng)(heng)(heng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)间有(you)(you)(you)(you)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)，则(ze)两夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)俱南(nan)亩(mu)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)畔(pan)(pan)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)，故(gu)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)从也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)既从，则(ze)必(bi)注(zhu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)横(heng)(heng)(heng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)沟(gou)(gou)(gou)横(heng)(heng)(heng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)步(bu)(bu)，除(chu)外(wai)畔(pan)(pan)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)间则(ze)南(nan)北者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)，东西(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)沟(gou)(gou)(gou)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)东西(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畔(pan)(pan)，即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)洫(xu)(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。从洫(xu)(xu)必(bi)注(zhu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)横(heng)(heng)(heng)氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)，则(ze)南(nan)北之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畔(pan)(pan)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。万夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)万步(bu)(bu)，为(wei)(wei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)步(bu)(bu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)，除(chu)外(wai)畔(pan)(pan)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)间南(nan)北者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)洫(xu)(xu)，东西(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)(si)畔(pan)(pan)则(ze)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)周(zhou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。如(ru)是(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，则(ze)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)《遂(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》注(zhu)又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“万夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)里(li)(li)(li)少(shao)半里(li)(li)(li)，九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)而(er)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)(jie)设法(fa)耳(er)。川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，自(zi)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，当逐地(di)形而(er)流，非於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)万夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)必(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)绕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。且(qie)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)流水(shui)(shui)(shui)，不得(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)折而(er)匝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

《噫(yi)嘻》一(yi)章，八句。

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