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毛诗正义卷十九 十九之三在线阅读

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卷十九 十九之三

  《振鹭》,二王之后来助祭也。二王,夏、殷也。其后,杞也,宋也。
  ○振鹭(lu),土(tu)之慎反,下(xia)音路。一名春鉏(chu),水鸟也。一音卢。夏(xia),户雅反。杞(qi)音起

[疏]“《振鹭》八句”。
  ○正义曰:《振鹭》诗者,二王之后来助祭之乐歌也。谓周公、成王之时,已致大平,诸侯助祭,二王之后亦在其中,能尽礼备仪,尊崇王室,故诗人述其事而为此歌焉。天子之祭,诸侯皆助,独美二王之后来助祭者,以先代之后,一旦事人,自非圣德服之,则彼情未適。今二王之后,助祭得宜,是其敬服时王,故能尽礼。客主之美,光益王室,所以特歌颂之。
  ○笺“二王”至“杞宋”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:“《乐(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》称武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)伐(fa)纣,既下(xia)(xia)车,封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)夏(xia)(xia)后(hou)(hou)(hou)氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)杞(qi),投(tou)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)宋(song),故(gu)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《史(shi)记(ji)(ji)(ji)、·杞(qi)世家》云(yun):“武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)克殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),求禹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),得东楼公(gong),封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)杞(qi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)奉夏(xia)(xia)后(hou)(hou)(hou)氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀。”是(shi)(shi)杞(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),即(ji)(ji)为(wei)夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)矣。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)后(hou)(hou)(hou),则(ze)初(chu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)武(wu)(wu)(wu)庚於(wu)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)墟,后(hou)(hou)(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)叛而(er)(er)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),更命(ming)微子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)后(hou)(hou)(hou)。《书序》云(yun):“成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)既黜殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)命(ming),杀武(wu)(wu)(wu)庚,命(ming)微子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)启(qi)作《微子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)》。”是(shi)(shi)宋(song)为(wei)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)后(hou)(hou)(hou),成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)始(shi)(shi)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)先(xian)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),已言投(tou)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)宋(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)微子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)终为(wei)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)后(hou)(hou)(hou),作《记(ji)(ji)(ji)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)从后(hou)(hou)(hou)录(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),始(shi)(shi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)於(wu)宋(song),未为(wei)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)后(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》注(zhu)云(yun):“投(tou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),举徙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)。谓微子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),先(xian)有国邑,今举而(er)(er)徙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),别封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)宋(song)国也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”若然,僖六年《左(zuo)传(chuan)》曰:“许僖公(gong)见(jian)楚(chu)(chu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)於(wu)武(wu)(wu)(wu)城。许男(nan)面缚(fu),衔(xian)璧,大夫(fu)衰绖(die),士(shi)舆榇(chen)。楚(chu)(chu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)问(wen)诸逢伯。对曰:‘昔(xi)武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)克殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),微子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)启(qi)如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)。武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)亲释(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缚(fu),受(shou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)璧而(er)(er)祓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),焚其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)榇(chen),礼而(er)(er)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)(shi)复(fu)(fu)(fu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所。’”《史(shi)记(ji)(ji)(ji)·宋(song)世家》亦(yi)云(yun):“周(zhou)武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)克殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),微子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)乃持其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祭(ji)器,造(zao)於(wu)军门,肉袒面缚(fu),左(zuo)牵(qian)羊,右把茅,膝行(xing)而(er)(er)前(qian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)告。於(wu)是(shi)(shi)武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)乃释(shi)(shi)微子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),复(fu)(fu)(fu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)位。”如(ru)(ru)故(gu)言复(fu)(fu)(fu)位以(yi)(yi)(yi)还为(wei)微子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),但(dan)微国本在纣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畿内,既以(yi)(yi)(yi)武(wu)(wu)(wu)庚君於(wu)畿内,则(ze)微子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不得复(fu)(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)於(wu)微也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)微子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)自囚,以(yi)(yi)(yi)见(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)(shi)复(fu)(fu)(fu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)位,正谓解释(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)囚,使(shi)(shi)复(fu)(fu)(fu)臣位,不是(shi)(shi)复(fu)(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)微国也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)《乐(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,知(zhi)武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)初(chu)即(ji)(ji)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)微子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)於(wu)宋(song)矣,但(dan)未知(zhi)爵(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)卑(bei),国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大小耳(er)。至(zhi)成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)既杀武(wu)(wu)(wu)庚,命(ming)为(wei)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)后(hou)(hou)(hou),当爵(jue)为(wei)公(gong),地方百(bai)里。至(zhi)制礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),当受(shou)上公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,更方五百(bai)里。《史(shi)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)始(shi)(shi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)微子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)於(wu)宋(song),与《乐(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》文乖,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)说非也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。如(ru)(ru)《乐(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)始(shi)(shi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)夏(xia)(xia)后(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)杞(qi),而(er)(er)《汉书》郦(li)食其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)说汉王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰“昔(xi)汤伐(fa)桀,封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)杞(qi)。武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)伐(fa)纣,封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)宋(song)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),主言夏(xia)(xia)、殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灭,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)得封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)耳(er)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)伐(fa)夏(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)汤,克殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)武(wu)(wu)(wu),故(gu)系而(er)(er)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)不言汤即(ji)(ji)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)杞(qi),武(wu)(wu)(wu)即(ji)(ji)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)宋(song)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)必立(li)二王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)二代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian),受(shou)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖,皆(jie)圣哲(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君,故(gu)能克成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)业,功济天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia),后(hou)(hou)(hou)世子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙,无道丧其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国家,遂令宗庙(miao)绝享,非仁者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)既行(xing)天(tian)(tian)罚(fa),封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)支子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),爵(jue)为(wei)上公(gong),使(shi)(shi)得行(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)正朔,用(yong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)礼乐(le)(le),立(li)祖王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao),郊(jiao)(jiao)所感(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝,而(er)(er)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)尊(zun)(zun)贤德,崇三(san)统,明王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)位,非一家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)《郊(jiao)(jiao)特牲(sheng)》曰:“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)存(cun)二代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),犹尊(zun)(zun)贤也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。尊(zun)(zun)贤不过(guo)二代(dai)。”《书传(chuan)》曰:“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)存(cun)二王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),与己三(san),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)通天(tian)(tian)三(san)统,立(li)三(san)正。”郑《驳异义(yi)》云(yun):“言所存(cun)二王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),命(ming)使(shi)(shi)郊(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)礼祭(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)始(shi)(shi)祖受(shou)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),自行(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)正朔服色,此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓通天(tian)(tian)三(san)统。”是(shi)(shi)言王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)立(li)二王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

振鹭于飞,于彼西雍。我客戾止,亦有斯容。兴也。振振,群飞貌。鹭,白鸟也。雍,泽也。客,二王之后。笺云:白鸟集于西雍之泽,言所集得其处也。兴者,喻杞、宋之君有絜白之德,来助祭於周之庙,得礼之宜也。其至止亦有此容,言威仪之善如鹭然。
  ○处,昌虑反。

[疏]“振鹭于飞”。
  ○正义曰:言有振振然絜白之鹭鸟往飞也,其往飞则集止於西雍之泽。色絜白之水鸟而集於泽,诚得其处也。以兴有威仪之杞、宋。往,行也。其往而行,则来助祭於有周之庙。美威仪之人臣,而助祭王庙,亦得其宜也。此鹭鸟之色,有絜白之容,我客杞、宋之君,其来至止也,亦有此絜白之容。非但其来助祭有此姿美耳,又在於彼国国人皆悦慕之,无怨恶之者。今来朝周,周人皆爱敬之,无厌倦之者。犹复庶几於善,夙夜行之,以此而能长终美誉。言其善於终始,为可爱之极也。
  ○传“振振”至“之后”。
  ○正义曰:此鸟名鹭而已,振与鹭连,即言于飞。《鲁颂》之言“振振鹭”,故知“振振,群飞貌也”。言“鹭,白鸟”者,以言亦有斯容,则义取絜白,故云白鸟也。以鹭是水鸟,明所往为泽,故知“雍,泽”也。谓泽名为雍,故笺云“西雍之泽”也。明在作者之西,有此泽,言其往向彼耳,无取於西之义也。序言二王之后,故知“客,二王之后”。客者,敌主之言。诸侯之於天子,虽皆有宾客之义,但先代之后,时王遍所尊敬,特谓之客。昭二十五年《左传》云:“宋乐大心曰:‘我於周为客。’”《皋陶谟》曰:“虞宾在位,此及有瞽。”皆云我客。《有客》之篇以微子为客,皆以二王之后特称宾客也。
  ○笺“白鸟”至“鹭然”。
  ○正义曰:以(yi)此诗美其助(zhu)祭,明(ming)以(yi)在泽喻在庙,取其得所为义也。以(yi)鹭鸟(niao)之(zhi)(zhi)白,兴(xing)客之(zhi)(zhi)威仪(yi)(yi)。所云絜(xie)白之(zhi)(zhi)德,即鹭鸟(niao)之(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)也。以(yi)上言(yan)飞(fei)往西雍,喻其乡(xiang)京而朝,而其容(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)美未见,故又云“亦有斯(si)容(rong)”,明(ming)上句兴(xing)喻之(zhi)(zhi)中,亦有絜(xie)白之(zhi)(zhi)义,故云“杞、宋(song)之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun),有絜(xie)白之(zhi)(zhi)德”也。言(yan)威仪(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)善如鹭然(ran),正谓(wei)絜(xie)白是也。

在彼无恶,在此无斁。庶几夙夜,以永终誉。笺云:在彼,谓居其国无怨恶之者;在此,谓其来朝,人皆爱敬之,无厌之者。永,长也。誉,声美也。
  ○斁音亦(yi),厌也。厌,於艳反。

《振鹭》一(yi)章,八(ba)句(ju)。

《丰年》,秋冬报也。报者,谓尝也,烝也。
  ○丰,芳弓反(fan)。

[疏]“《丰年》七句”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:《丰年(nian)》诗者,秋冬报(bao)(bao)之(zhi)乐歌也。谓周公、成王之(zhi)时,致太平而大(da)丰熟,秋冬尝、烝,报(bao)(bao)祭(ji)(ji)宗(zong)庙。诗人述其(qi)(qi)(qi)事而为此(ci)歌焉。经言(yan)年(nian)丰而多(duo)获黍稻,为酒(jiu)醴以进与(yu)祖妣,是(shi)报(bao)(bao)之(zhi)事也。言(yan)“烝畀祖妣”,则(ze)是(shi)祭(ji)(ji)於宗(zong)庙。但作者主(zhu)美(mei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)报(bao)(bao),故(gu)不言(yan)祀庙耳。不言(yan)祈(qi)(qi)而言(yan)报(bao)(bao)者,所以追(zhui)养继孝(xiao),义(yi)不祈(qi)(qi)於父祖。至秋冬物(wu)成,以为鬼神(shen)之(zhi)助,故(gu)归功而称(cheng)报(bao)(bao),亦孝(xiao)子之(zhi)情也。作者见(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)然(ran)(ran),而主(zhu)意(yi)於报(bao)(bao),故(gu)此(ci)序特(te)言(yan)报(bao)(bao)耳。其(qi)(qi)(qi)时则(ze)不然(ran)(ran),故(gu)《那》与(yu)《烈祖》实(shi)为烝尝,而序称(cheng)为祀,以义(yi)不取於报(bao)(bao)故(gu)也。其(qi)(qi)(qi)天地社稷之(zhi)神(shen),虽则(ze)常(chang)祭(ji)(ji),谓之(zhi)祈(qi)(qi)报(bao)(bao),故(gu)《噫嘻》、《载芟》、《良耜》之(zhi)等,与(yu)宗(zong)庙异也。

丰年多黍多稌。亦有高廪,万亿及秭。丰,大。稌,稻也。廪,所以藏齍盛之穗也。数万至万曰亿,数亿至亿曰秭。笺云:丰年,大有年也。亦,大也。万亿及秭,以言穀数多。
  ○稌(tu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)杜,徐(xu)敕古反(fan)。廪,徐(xu)力(li)锦反(fan),又力(li)荏反(fan),仓也。秭,咨(zi)履反(fan),一本作“数(shu)(shu)”。《韩诗》曰(yue)“陈穀曰(yue)秭”也。齍(zi)盛(sheng),上(shang)音(yin)(yin)(yin)资,下音(yin)(yin)(yin)成。穗音(yin)(yin)(yin)遂。数(shu)(shu)万,邑主反(fan)。下“数(shu)(shu)亿(yi)”同。

为酒为醴,烝畀祖妣,以洽百礼,降福孔皆。皆,徧也。笺云:烝,进。畀,予也。
  ○醴(li)音(yin)(yin)礼。畀,必(bi)寐(mei)反(fan),予(yu)(yu)也。注(zhu)同。妣,必(bi)履(lv)反(fan)。祫,胡甲(jia)反(fan),本或作“洽(qia)”。徧音(yin)(yin)遍。予(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)与。

[疏]“丰年多黍”。
  ○正义曰:言今为鬼神祐助,而得大有之丰年,多有黍矣,多有稻矣。既黍稻之多,复有高大之廪,於中盛五穀矣。其廪积之数,有万与亿及秭也。为神所祐,致丰积如此,故以之为酒,以之为醴,而进与先祖先妣,以会其百众之礼,谓牲玉币帛之属,合用以祭,故神又下予之福,甚周徧矣。
  ○传“丰大”至“曰秭”。
  ○正义曰:“丰,大”,《释诂》文。“稌,稻”,《释草》文。郭璞曰:“今沛国呼稻为稌,是也。”言廪所以藏齍盛之穗者,器实曰齍,在器曰盛,齍盛谓饭食也。以米粟为之,远本其初出於禾穗,故谓廪之所藏,为齍盛之穗也。《禹贡》百里赋纳总,即禾稼也。二百里饣至,即穗也。禾稼当积而贮之,不在仓廪。其穗当在廪藏之,故言藏齍盛之穗。则自穗以往,秸及粟米,皆在仓廪矣。以穗邻於禾稼,嫌不在廪,故特举其穗,以下皆可知也。又以经言“高廪”,则廪之高大,於藏穗为宜,故言穗也。此言藏穗,则廪唯藏粟也。而《地官·廪人》注云“藏米曰廪”者,对则藏米曰廪,藏粟曰仓;其散即通也。彼廪人职掌万民之食,四釜三釜皆是米事,故云藏米耳。彼注又云:“廪人,舍人、仓人,司禄官之长。”是廪为仓之总,可以兼米粟也。《明堂位》云:“米廪,有虞氏之庠。”注云:“鲁谓之米廪,虞帝令藏齍盛之委焉。”《记》言米,郑言委,则以廪之所容,兼米兼粟也。且此言为酒为醴,以米为之,明亦藏米可知。祭祀酒食,当用籍田之粟,此言廪之所容,乃至万亿及秭,则是税民之物,而云以为酒醴者,祭祀之礼,亦用税物。《信南山》云“曾孙之穑,以为酒食,畀我尸宾”,是用税物之文也。由其亦用税物,故举廪之多容,以为丰年之状也。言“数万至万曰亿,数亿至亿曰秭”,於今数为然。定本、《集注》皆云“数亿至万曰秭”,毛以亿云及秭,万下不云及亿,嫌为万个亿,故辨之也。知然者,以亿言及秭,则万与亿亦宜相累,但文不可再言及耳。
  ○笺“丰年,大有年”。
  ○正义曰:年之丰熟,必大有物。丰训为大,故云“丰年,大有之年”也。春秋宣十六年《穀梁传》曰:“五穀大熟为大有年。”《公羊》以为“大丰年”,是也。桓三年经书“有年”,《穀梁传》曰:“五穀皆熟为有年。”《公羊传》曰:“仅有年。”彼《春秋》之文相对为例耳,他经散文不必然也。《鲁颂》曰“岁其有年”,亦当谓大丰年矣。
  ○传“皆,徧”。
  ○正义曰:“偕”训俱也,亦徧之义。
  ○笺“烝,进。畀,予”。
  ○正义曰(yue):皆(jie)《释诂》文。

《丰(feng)年(nian)》一章,七句。

《有瞽》,始作乐而合乎祖也。王者治定制礼,功成作乐。合者,大合诸乐而奏之。
  ○瞽(gu)音古,无目眹曰瞽(gu)。眹音直(zhi)谨反(fan)。本或作“鼓”。“合乎祖也(ye)”,本或作“合乎大(da)祖”。治,直(zhi)吏(li)反(fan)。

[疏]“《有瞽》十三句”。
  ○正义曰:《有瞽》诗者,始作乐而合於太祖之乐歌也。谓周公摄政六年,制礼作乐,一代之乐功成,而合诸乐器於太祖之庙,奏之,告神以知和否。诗人述其事而为此歌焉。经皆言合诸乐器奏之事也。言合於太祖,则特告太祖,不因祭祀,且不告馀庙。以乐初成,故於最尊之庙奏之耳。定本、《集注》直云“合於祖”,无“太”字。此太祖谓文王也。
  ○笺“王者”至“奏之”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:“王者(zhe)功成(cheng)(cheng)作乐(le),治定制(zhi)礼”,《乐(le)记》文也(ye)。引之(zhi)者(zhe),证此时成(cheng)(cheng)功,故作乐(le)也(ye)。彼注云(yun):“功成(cheng)(cheng)治定同时耳。功主(zhu)於(wu)(wu)王业,治主(zhu)於(wu)(wu)教民。”然(ran)则武王虽(sui)已(yi)克殷(yin),未为功成(cheng)(cheng),故至於(wu)(wu)太平始(shi)功成(cheng)(cheng)作乐(le)也(ye)。大合诸乐(le)而奏(zou)之(zhi),谓合诸乐(le)器一时奏(zou)之(zhi),即经所(suo)云(yun)“鞉磬柷圉”、“箫管”之(zhi)属是也(ye)。知不(bu)合诸异(yi)(yi)代乐(le)者(zhe),以序者(zhe)序经之(zhi)所(suo)陈,止说(shuo)周(zhou)之(zhi)乐(le)器。言(yan)既(ji)备(bei)乃奏(zou),是诸器备(bei)集,然(ran)后奏(zou)之(zhi),无他(ta)代之(zhi)乐(le),故知非合诸异(yi)(yi)代乐(le)也(ye)。

有瞽有瞽,在周之庭。设业设虡,崇牙树羽。应田县鼓,鞉磬柷圉。瞽,乐官也。业,大板也,所以饰栒为县也。捷业如锯齿,或曰画之。植者为虡,衡者为栒。崇牙上饰卷然,可以县也。树羽,置羽也。应,小鞞也。田,大鼓也。县鼓,周鼓也。鞉,鞉鼓也。柷,木椌也。圉,楬也。笺云:瞽。矇。以为乐官者,目无所见,於音声审也。《周礼》“上瞽四十人,中瞽百人,下瞽百六十人”。有视了者相之。又设县鼓。田当作“朄”。朄,小鼓,在大鼓旁,应鞞之属也,声转字误,变而作田。
  ○虡(ju)音(yin)(yin)巨。应,应对(dui)之应。注同(tong)。田(tian),毛如字,郑作“朄”,音(yin)(yin)胤。县音(yin)(yin)玄。注皆同(tong)。鞉,字亦作“鼗”,音(yin)(yin)桃。柷(zhu),尺(chi)叔反(fan)(fan)(fan)。圉(yu),鱼吕反(fan)(fan)(fan)。栒,荀允反(fan)(fan)(fan)。锯(ju)音(yin)(yin)据。植(zhi),时力反(fan)(fan)(fan),又直吏反(fan)(fan)(fan)。衡,华盲反(fan)(fan)(fan)。卷音(yin)(yin)权,又起圆反(fan)(fan)(fan)。鞞,步兮(xi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。椌,苦江反(fan)(fan)(fan)。楬,苦瞎反(fan)(fan)(fan)。矇(meng)音(yin)(yin)蒙,有目(mu)眹而无见也。瞭(liao)音(yin)(yin)了。视瞭(liao),有目(mu)人也。相(xiang),息亮反(fan)(fan)(fan)。

[疏]“有瞽有瞽”。
  ○毛以为,始作《大武》之乐,合於太庙之时,有此瞽人,有此瞽人,其作乐者,皆在周之庙庭矣。既有瞽人,又使人为之设其横者之业,又设其植者之虡,其上刻为崇牙,因树置五采之羽以为之饰。既有应之小鼓,又有田之大鼓,其鼓悬之虡业,为悬鼓也。又有鞉有磬,有柷有圉,皆视了设之於庭矣。既备具,乃使瞽人击而奏之。又有吹者,编竹之箫,并竹之管,已备举作之,喤喤然和集其声。此等诸声,皆恭敬和谐而鸣,不相夺理,先祖之神於是降而听之。於时我客二王之后,適来至止,与闻此乐,其音感之,长令多其成功。谓感於和乐,遂入善道也。此乐能感人神,为美之极,故述而歌之。
  ○郑唯应田俱为小鼓为异。馀同。文须如此者,以乐皆瞽人为之,故先言“有瞽有瞽”,於瞽下言於周之庭,则乐皆在庭矣。周人初改为悬,故於诸乐先言悬事。於虡业言设,则柷圉以上皆蒙设文。其箫管则执以吹之,非所当设,於“乃奏”之下别言“备举”。助祭之人盖应多矣,独言我客者,以二王之后尊,故特言之也。
  ○传“瞽乐”至“圉楬”。
  ○正义曰:《周礼·瞽矇》为大师之属,职掌“播鞉、柷、圉、箫、管、弦、歌”。是瞽为乐官也。《释器》云:“大板谓之业。”是业为大板也。又解业之所用,所以饰栒为悬也。悬之横者为栒,其上加之以业,所以饰此栒而为悬设也。其形刻之捷业然如锯齿,故谓之业。或曰画之,谓既刻又画之,以无明文,故为两解。业即栒上之板,与栒相配为一,故通解栒虡之体,植者为虡,横者为栒也。知者,以《春官·典庸器》、《冬官·梓人》及《明堂位》、《檀弓》皆言栒虡,而不言业,此及《灵台》言虡业,而无栒文,皆与虡相配,栒、业互见,明一事也。名生於体,而谓之为业,则是其形捷业,宜横以置悬,故知横者为栒。既言业所以饰栒,则与之为一,据栒定其横植,而业统名焉,故不言横曰业也。栒业既横,则虡者自然植矣。《释器》云:“木谓之虡。”郭璞云:“悬锺磬之木,植者名虡。”虡既用木,则栒亦木为之也。又知崇牙上饰,卷然可以为悬者,《灵台》云:“虡业维枞。”枞即崇牙上饰,卷然可以为悬者也。系於业而言“维”,明在业上为之,故与此二文以互言业,不言栒也。虡者立於两端,栒则横入於虡。其栒之上,加施大板,则著於栒。其上刻为崇牙,似锯齿捷业然,故谓之业牙,即业之上齿也,故《明堂位》云:“夏后氏之龙簨虡,殷之崇牙。”注云:横曰簨,饰之以鳞属,以大板为之,谓之业;殷又於龙上刻画之为重牙,以挂悬纮。是牙即业之上齿也,以其形卷然,得挂绳於上,故言可以为悬也。言挂悬纮者,纮谓悬之绳也。“树羽,置羽”者,置之於栒虡之上角。《汉礼器制度》云:“为龙头及颔口衔璧,璧下有旄牛尾。”《明堂位》於崇牙之下又云:“周之璧翣。”注云“周人画缯为翣,载以璧,垂五采羽其下,树翣於簨之角上,饰弥多”是也。知“应,小鞞”者,《释乐》云:“大鼓谓之鼖,小者谓之应。”是应为小鼓也。《大射礼》应鞞在建鼓东,则为应和。建鼓、应鞞共文,是为一器,故知“应,小鞞”也。应既是小,田宜为大,故云“田,大鼓也”。《明堂位》云:“夏后氏之足鼓,殷人楹鼓,同人悬鼓。”是周法鼓始在悬,故云“悬鼓,周鼓”。解此诗特言悬意也。若然,大射礼者,是周礼也。其乐用建鼓,建鼓则殷之楹鼓也。而大射用之者,以彼诸侯射礼略於乐,备三面而已,故无悬鼓也。鞉者,《春官·小师》注云:“鞉,如鼓而小,持其柄摇之,傍耳还自击是也。”“柷,木椌。圉,楬”者,以《乐记》有椌、楬之文,与此柷、圉为一,故辨之。言木椌者,明用木为之。言柷用木,则圉亦用木,以木可知而略之。《大师》注:“大柷,敔也。”是二器皆用木也。《皋陶谟》云:“合止柷敔。”注云:“柷,状如漆筒,中有椎。合之者,投推於其中而撞之。敔状如伏虎,背上刻之,所以鼓之以止乐。”《释乐》云:“所以鼓柷谓之止,所以鼓敔谓之籈。”郭璞云:“柷如漆筒,方二尺四寸,深一尺八寸,中有推,柄连底。挏之,令左右击。止者,其椎名也。敔如伏虎,背上有二十七鉏敔,刻以木。长尺栎之,籈者,其名也。”此等形状,盖依汉之《大予乐》而知之。其栒簨、圉敔,古今字耳。
  ○笺“瞽矇”至“作田”。
  ○正义曰(yue):瞽(gu)(gu)矇(meng)相(xiang)对,则(ze)目有(you)(you)(you)小异(yi)。《周礼(li)》谓其(qi)官(guan)(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)瞽(gu)(gu)矇(meng),故连言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),解以(yi)瞽(gu)(gu)矇(meng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乐(le)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。以(yi)目无(wu)所见,思绝外物,於音声审故也(ye)(ye)。《周礼(li)》“上(shang)瞽(gu)(gu)四十人(ren),中瞽(gu)(gu)百人(ren),下(xia)(xia)瞽(gu)(gu)百六十人(ren)”,《春官(guan)(guan)》序官(guan)(guan)文也(ye)(ye)。彼注(zhu)(zhu)云:“命其(qi)贤智者(zhe)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太师(shi)(shi)、小师(shi)(shi)。”是(shi)以(yi)才智为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)差(cha)等,不以(yi)目状为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)异(yi)也(ye)(ye)。又(you)解此无(wu)目而(er)可(ke)用者(zhe),有(you)(you)(you)视(shi)了(le)(le)者(zhe)相(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)使此视(shi)了(le)(le)设(she)悬(xuan)(xuan)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu),因明设(she)业以(yi)下(xia)(xia),皆(jie)视(shi)了(le)(le)设(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非瞽(gu)(gu)自设(she)也(ye)(ye)。《春官(guan)(guan)》序於“瞽(gu)(gu)矇(meng)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)云:“视(shi)了(le)(le)三百人(ren)。”则(ze)一瞽(gu)(gu)一视(shi)了(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)。注(zhu)(zhu)云:“了(le)(le),目明者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。”其(qi)职云:“掌(zhang)大师(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悬(xuan)(xuan)。凡乐(le)事相(xiang)瞽(gu)(gu)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云:“大师(shi)(shi)当悬(xuan)(xuan)则(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。相(xiang)谓扶工。”是(shi)主相(xiang)瞽(gu)(gu),又(you)设(she)悬(xuan)(xuan)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)经、传皆(jie)无(wu)田(tian)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名,而(er)田(tian)与应连文,皆(jie)在悬(xuan)(xuan)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),应者(zhe)应大鼓(gu)(gu)(gu),则(ze)田(tian)亦应之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类。《大师(shi)(shi)职》云:“下(xia)(xia)管,播乐(le)器,令奏鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)朄。”注(zhu)(zhu)云:“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)先引。”是(shi)古有(you)(you)(you)名朄引导鼓(gu)(gu)(gu),故知田(tian)当为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)朄,是(shi)应鞞(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)也(ye)(ye)。又(you)解误(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)田(tian),意(yi)朄字(zi)以(yi)柬为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)声,声既转(zhuan)去柬,唯有(you)(you)(you)申(shen)(shen)在,申(shen)(shen)字(zi)又(you)误(wu)去其(qi)上(shang)下(xia)(xia),故变作田(tian)也(ye)(ye)。

既备乃奏,箫管备举。喤喤厥声,肃雍和鸣,先祖是听。笺云:既备者,悬也,朄也,皆毕已也。乃奏,谓乐作也。箫,编小竹管,如今卖饧者所吹也。管如篴,并而吹之。
  ○喤,华盲反,又(you)(you)音横,又(you)(you)音皇。编,薄殄反,又(you)(you)必绵(mian)反,《史记(ji)》音甫连反,《字林(lin)》、《声(sheng)类(lei)》、《韵(yun)集》并(bing)布(bu)千反。饧,夕清(qing)反,蜜也(ye)。又(you)(you)音唐。《方言》云(yun):“张皇也(ye)。”即乾(qian)糖也(ye),音唐。篴字又(you)(you)作笛(di),同徒(tu)历反。并(bing),步顶反。

[疏]笺“箫编”至“吹之”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:《释乐》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)箫(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)谓之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),小(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)谓之(zhi)(zhi)筊(jiao)。”李(li)巡曰:“大(da)(da)箫(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)声(sheng)大(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)言(yan)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。小(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)声(sheng)扬而(er)(er)小(xiao)(xiao),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)筊(jiao)筊(jiao),小(xiao)(xiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)璞曰:“箫(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)大(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe),编二十(shi)(shi)三管(guan)(guan)(guan),长(zhang)尺(chi)(chi)四寸(cun)。小(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)(shi)六管(guan)(guan)(guan),长(zhang)尺(chi)(chi)二寸(cun)。一(yi)名籁。”《易·通卦验》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“箫(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)长(zhang)尺(chi)(chi)四寸(cun)。”《风俗(su)通》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“箫(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)参差象凤翼,十(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan),长(zhang)二尺(chi)(chi)。”其(qi)(qi)言(yan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)数长(zhang)短(duan)不同(tong),盖(gai)有大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。要是(shi)编小(xiao)(xiao)竹管(guan)(guan)(guan)为之(zhi)(zhi)耳(er),如(ru)(ru)今卖饧者(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)吹(chui)。其(qi)(qi)时(shi)卖饧之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)吹(chui)箫(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)以自表也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《史记》称(cheng)伍子胥(xu)鼓腹吹(chui)箫(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),乞食(shi)吴市,亦为自表异也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《方言(yan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“饧谓之(zhi)(zhi)张皇,或云(yun)(yun)(yun)滑糖(tang)。凡饴谓之(zhi)(zhi)饧,关东之(zhi)(zhi)通语(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然则饧者(zhe)(zhe),餭之(zhi)(zhi)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)如(ru)(ru)笛,并而(er)(er)吹(chui)之(zhi)(zhi),谓并吹(chui)两管(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《小(xiao)(xiao)师(shi)》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“管(guan)(guan)(guan)如(ru)(ru)笛,形小(xiao)(xiao),并两而(er)(er)吹(chui)之(zhi)(zhi)。今大(da)(da)予乐官有之(zhi)(zhi)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释乐》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)管(guan)(guan)(guan)谓之(zhi)(zhi)簥(qiao)。”李(li)巡曰:“声(sheng)高(gao)大(da)(da)故(gu)(gu)曰簥(qiao)。簥(qiao),高(gao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)璞曰:“管(guan)(guan)(guan)长(zhang)尺(chi)(chi),围(wei)寸(cun),并漆之(zhi)(zhi),有底。贾氏(shi)以为如(ru)(ru)篪,六孔。”

我客戾止,永观厥成。笺云:我客,二王之后也。长多其成功,谓深感於和乐,遂入善道,终无愆过。
  ○观,古衍(yan)反,又如字,注同,多也。乐如字,或音洛(luo)。愆,去连反。

《有瞽》一章,十三(san)句。

《潜》,季冬荐鱼,春献鲔也。冬鱼之性定,春鲔新来,荐献之者,谓於宗庙也。
  ○潜(qian),在(zai)廉反(fan),《尔(er)雅》作“<禾(he)朁>”,郭(guo)音(yin)潜(qian),又(you)音(yin)岑(cen)。《韩诗》云:“涔,鱼池。”《小雅》作“<禾(he)朁>”,时(shi)砧反(fan)。鲔,于轨反(fan)。

[疏]“《潜》六句”。
  ○正义曰:《潜》诗者,季冬荐鱼,春献鲔之乐歌也。谓周公、成王太平之时,季冬荐鱼於宗庙,至春又献鲔。泽及潜逃鱼皆肥美,献之先祖,神明降福。作者述其事而为此歌焉。经总言冬春,杂陈鱼鲔,皆是荐献之事也。先言季冬,而后言春者,冬即次春,故依先后为文,且冬荐鱼多,故先言之。冬言季冬,春亦季春也。《月令》“季春荐鲔於寝庙”。《天官·渔人》:“春献王鲔。”注引《月令》季春之事,是荐鲔在季春也。不言季者,以季春鲔鱼新来,正月未有鲔,言春则季可知,且文承季冬之下,从而略之也。冬言荐,春云献者,皆谓子孙献进於先祖,其义一也。经言“以享”,是冬亦为献。《月令》季春言荐鲔,是春亦有荐,因时异而变文耳。冬则众鱼皆可荐,故总称鱼。春唯献鲔而已,故特言鲔。
  ○笺“冬鱼”至“宗庙”。
  ○正义曰:冬(dong)(dong)(dong)鱼(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性定(ding)者(zhe)(zhe),冬(dong)(dong)(dong)月(yue)(yue)既寒(han),鱼(yu)(yu)不(bu)行,乃性定(ding)而(er)肥充,故冬(dong)(dong)(dong)荐(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。《天官·庖人(ren)》注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鱼(yu)(yu)雁水涸而(er)性定(ding)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)十月(yue)(yue)已定(ding)矣。但十月(yue)(yue)初定(ding),季(ji)(ji)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)始肥,取(qu)其尤美(mei)(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)荐(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》季(ji)(ji)冬(dong)(dong)(dong),乃“命渔(yu)师(shi)始渔(yu),天子亲往,乃尝鱼(yu)(yu),先(xian)荐(jian)(jian)寝庙(miao)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“此(ci)(ci)时(shi)(shi)鱼(yu)(yu)絜美(mei)(mei),故特荐(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”《白虎通(tong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)亲取(qu)鱼(yu)(yu)以荐(jian)(jian)庙(miao)。”故亲行非此(ci)(ci)则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)可。故隐五年“公矢(shi)鱼(yu)(yu)於(wu)棠”,《春(chun)秋》讥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是也(ye)。《鲁语》里革云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),古者(zhe)(zhe)大(da)寒(han)降,土蛰发(fa)(fa),水虞於(wu)是乎讲罛(gu)罶,取(qu)名鱼(yu)(yu),而(er)尝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)。言(yan)(yan)“大(da)寒(han)降”,与(yu)此(ci)(ci)“季(ji)(ji)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)”同。其言(yan)(yan)“土蛰发(fa)(fa)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)春(chun)也(ye)。以春(chun)鱼(yu)(yu)始动,犹(you)乘冬(dong)(dong)(dong)先(xian)肥,气序既移,故又取(qu)以荐(jian)(jian)。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)季(ji)(ji)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)春(chun)皆可以荐(jian)(jian)鱼(yu)(yu)也(ye)。韦昭以为,荐(jian)(jian)鱼(yu)(yu)唯在季(ji)(ji)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)。《国语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“孟(meng)(meng)(meng)春(chun)”者(zhe)(zhe),误(wu)。案《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》孟(meng)(meng)(meng)春(chun)“獭祭鱼(yu)(yu)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)鱼(yu)(yu)肥而(er)可荐(jian)(jian),但自(zi)《礼》文不(bu)具,无其事(shi)耳。里革称(cheng)古以言(yan)(yan),不(bu)当谬也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)春(chun)鲔(wei)新来者(zhe)(zhe),陆机(ji)(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“河南巩县东北(bei)崖上山腹有穴,旧(jiu)说云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)此(ci)(ci)穴与(yu)江湖通(tong),鲔(wei)从此(ci)(ci)穴而(er)来,北(bei)入河,西上龙门,入漆(qi)沮。故张衡云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘王(wang)鲔(wei)岫(xiu)居(ju),山穴为岫(xiu)’,谓此(ci)(ci)穴也(ye)。”然则(ze)(ze)(ze)其来有时(shi)(shi),以春(chun)取(qu)而(er)献之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),明(ming)新来也(ye)。陆机(ji)(ji)又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)为王(wang)鲔(wei),小者(zhe)(zhe)为鮇(wei)鲔(wei)。”言(yan)(yan)王(wang)鲔(wei),谓鲔(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。序止言(yan)(yan)荐(jian)(jian)献,不(bu)言(yan)(yan)所在,故言(yan)(yan)荐(jian)(jian)献之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),谓於(wu)宗庙(miao)也(ye)。

猗与漆沮,潜有多鱼。有鳣有鲔,鲦鲿鰋鲤。漆、沮,岐周之二水也。潜,糁也。笺云:猗与,叹美之言也。鳣,大鲤也。鲔,鮥也。鲦,白鲦也。鰋,鲇也。
  ○猗,於(wu)宜反(fan)。与(yu)音(yin)余(yu)。漆音(yin)七。沮,七余(yu)反(fan)。鳣(shan),张连反(fan)。鲦音(yin)条。鲿音(yin)常。鰋音(yin)偃。鲤音(yin)里。糁,素感反(fan),旧《诗传》及《尔(er)雅》本并作(zuo)“米”傍“参”。《小(xiao)尔(er)雅》云:“鱼之(zhi)(zhi)所息谓之(zhi)(zhi)橬。橬,椮也。”谓积(ji)柴(chai)水中(zhong),令鱼依之(zhi)(zhi)止息,因而(er)取之(zhi)(zhi)也。郭景纯(chun)因改《尔(er)雅》从《小(xiao)尔(er)雅》作(zuo)“木”傍“参”,音(yin)霜(shuang)甚反(fan),又(you)疏荫(yin)反(fan),又(you)心廪反(fan)。《字林》作(zuo)“罧”,音(yin)山沁反(fan),义同(tong)。鮥(luo)音(yin)洛,《尔(er)雅》云:“鮥(luo),叔鲔。”鲇,乃谦反(fan),沈(shen)又(you)奴廉反(fan)。

[疏]“猗与漆沮”。
  ○毛以为,可猗嗟而叹美与,此漆、沮之二水!其中有养鱼之潜,此潜之内乃有多众之鱼,有鳣有鲔,又有鲦、鲿、鰋、鲤,是其多也。我太平王者以献之先祖,以之祀宗庙,神明飨之,以此得大大之福也。
  ○郑唯介为助。馀同。
  ○传“漆沮”至“潜椮”。
  ○正义曰:漆、沮自豳历岐周以至丰、镐,以其荐献所取,不宜远於京邑,故不言豳。言岐周者,镐京去岐不远,故系而言之。其实此为潜之处,当近京邑。《释器》云:“椮谓之涔。”李巡曰:“今以木投水中养鱼曰涔。”孙炎曰:“积柴养鱼曰椮。”郭璞曰:“今之作椮者,聚积柴木於水中,鱼得寒入其里藏隐,因以簿围捕取之。”椮字诸家本作“米”边,《尔雅》作“木”边,积柴之义也。然则椮用木,不用米,当从木为正也。涔、潜,古今字。
  ○笺“鳣大”至“鰋鲇”。
  ○正义(yi)曰(yue):鳣、鲔(wei)已释於(wu)《卫风》。言(yan)白(bai)(bai)鲦(tiao)、鰋(yan)(yan)鲇,以时(shi)验而言(yan)之(zhi)也(ye)。《释鱼》有鰋(yan)(yan),郭璞曰(yue):“今鰋(yan)(yan),额白(bai)(bai)鱼也(ye)。”

以享以祀,以介(jie)景福。笺(jian)云:介(jie),助。景,大也。

《潜》一章,六句。

《雍》,禘大祖也。禘,大祭也。大於四时,而小於祫。大祖,谓文王。
  ○禘(di),大(da)计反(fan)。大(da)音泰。祫,户夹反(fan),大(da)祭名也。

[疏]“《雍》十六句”。
  ○正义曰:《雍》者,禘大祖之乐歌也。谓周公、成王太平之时,禘祭大祖之庙。诗人以今之太平,由此大祖,故因其祭,述其事,而为此歌焉。经言祭祀文王,诸侯来助,神明安孝子,予之多福,皆是禘文王之事也。毛於禘祫其言不明,唯《閟宫》传曰:“诸侯夏禘则不礿,秋祫则不尝。”然则天子亦有禘祫。禘祫者,皆殷祭,盖亦如郑“三年一祫,五年一禘”也。武王以周十二月崩,其明年周公摄政,称元年十二月小祥,二年十二月大祥,三年二月禫,四年春禘,盖此时也。若复五年,则成王即政之年,颂之大例皆是元年前事,此不应独在五年禘时也。郑以武王十二月崩,成王三年二月禫,周公避流言而出,明年春禘,於时周公未反,时非太平,必不得为此颂也。又明年,周公反而居摄,是为元年。至三年而祫,五年禘。常禘当以夏,此即摄政五年之夏禘也。然则此禘毛以春,郑以夏,又不同。
  ○笺“禘大”至“文王”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:“禘(di)(di)(di)(di),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”,《释天(tian)(tian)》文(wen)。嫌(xian)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),故又辨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)四(si)时(shi),而小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祫。”《礼记·祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法》“禘(di)(di)(di)(di)喾而郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)稷”,禘(di)(di)(di)(di)谓祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)圆丘也(ye)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)传》曰:“王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)其(qi)祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)自(zi)出。”禘(di)(di)(di)(di)谓祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)感生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)南郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)。然则(ze)圆丘与郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),亦为(wei)(wei)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。知(zhi)(zhi)《释天(tian)(tian)》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)“非(fei)(fei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以《尔雅(ya)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)即云(yun)(yun)“绎(yi)(yi),又祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”,绎(yi)(yi)是宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),故知(zhi)(zhi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)亦宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)。但宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)尚为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),则(ze)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)丘大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可知(zhi)(zhi),故《郑志(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)“禘(di)(di)(di)(di),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),天(tian)(tian)人(ren)共之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,是也(ye)。若(ruo)然,禘(di)(di)(di)(di)既(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),宜(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)不(bu)是过,而得(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祫者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以四(si)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,特为(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)四(si)时(shi),故云(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。但此(ci)(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再(zai)为(wei)(wei),一(yi)则(ze)合聚祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),则(ze)各(ge)就(jiu)其(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),故以合祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)祫,就(jiu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)为(wei)(wei)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)。禘(di)(di)(di)(di)尚大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),祫大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)可知(zhi)(zhi),是举轻以明重,故郑每(mei)云(yun)(yun)“五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再(zai)殷(yin)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”。殷(yin),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)也(ye),谓祫、禘(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)俱(ju)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)。礼宜(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)稠,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)稀。而《礼纬》言(yan)“三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)祫,五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)”,反禘(di)(di)(di)(di)稀而祫数者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),圣人(ren)因(yin)事(shi)(shi)见法,以天(tian)(tian)道三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)闰,五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再(zai)闰,故制礼象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)祫,五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)。每(mei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,为(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)礼,据其(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)端数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故言(yan)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)耳(er)(er)。其(qi)实禘(di)(di)(di)(di)、祫自(zi)相(xiang)距各(ge)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),非(fei)(fei)祫多(duo)而禘(di)(di)(di)(di)少也(ye)。知(zhi)(zhi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祫者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《春秋(qiu)》文(wen)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”,《公羊传》曰:“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何?祫也(ye)。毁(hui)(hui)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)陈於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu),未毁(hui)(hui)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)皆(jie)升合食於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)。”是合祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)群庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)。昭十(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“有事(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)武(wu)(wu)宫(gong)”,《左传》曰:“禘(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)武(wu)(wu)公。”是禘(di)(di)(di)(di)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有事(shi)(shi)也(ye)。祫言(yan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi),禘(di)(di)(di)(di)言(yan)有事(shi)(shi),是祫大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)。知(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)谓文(wen)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以经(jing)云(yun)(yun)“假哉皇考”,又言(yan)“文(wen)武(wu)(wu)维后(hou)(hou)”,是此(ci)(ci)(ci)皇考为(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)后(hou)(hou),明非(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)稷。若(ruo)是后(hou)(hou)稷则(ze)身非(fei)(fei)天(tian)(tian)子(zi),不(bu)得(de)(de)言(yan)“维后(hou)(hou)”也(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)谓祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),既(ji)非(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)稷,明知(zhi)(zhi)谓文(wen)王也(ye)。文(wen)王虽不(bu)得(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)始祖(zu),可以为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)也(ye)。若(ruo)此(ci)(ci)(ci)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)文(wen)王,则(ze)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)礼当讳(hui),而经(jing)云(yun)(yun)“克昌厥后(hou)(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以此(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)自(zi)是四(si)海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)歌颂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声,本非(fei)(fei)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),故其(qi)辞不(bu)为(wei)(wei)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)讳(hui)。及采得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),即为(wei)(wei)经(jing)典,《诗(shi)》、《书》不(bu)讳(hui),故无嫌(xian)耳(er)(er)。《烝民》云(yun)(yun)“四(si)方爰发”,亦此(ci)(ci)(ci)类(lei)也(ye)。

有来雍雍,至止肃肃。相维辟公,天子穆穆。於荐广牡,相予肆祀。相,助。广,大也。笺云:雍雍,和也。肃肃,敬也。有是来时雍雍然,既至止而肃肃然者,乃助王禘祭百辟与诸侯也。天子是时则穆穆然。於进大牡之牲,百辟与诸侯又助我陈祭祀之馔,言得天下之欢心。
  ○相(xiang),息亮(liang)反。注同。辟(pi)音璧,君也。注同。於,郑如字,王音乌。

[疏]“有来雍雍”。毛以为,有是从彼本国而来,其颜色雍雍然而柔和,既至止於此,则容貌肃肃然而恭敬,助祭事者,维为国君之诸公。於是时,天子之容则穆穆然而美。言助祭者敬和,祭者又美,宾主各得其宜。又指言助祭之事,於我天子荐进大牡之牲,其时辟公助祭,陈其祭祀之馔,言得天下之欢心。由大祖德及使之然,可嘉美哉!君考文王,其德彼於后世,能安定我之孝子,故今为天下所归,是可嘉也。皇考遍使之有才智者,维天下之人。谓皇考行化教之,令之有智。所以然者,由以文德武功维为之君故也。由皇考能遍使民智,故孝子得安皇考之德,又能安及皇天,使无三辰之灾,而有徵祥之瑞。以此为天所祐,故能昌大其后之子孙,令长有天下。以今禘祭,则皇考又安祐我之孝子,得年有秀眉之寿,光大孝子以繁多之福也。我孝子非徒为皇考所福,既见祐助於光明之考,亦见祐助於文德之母。言武王大姒以皇考之故,亦祐助孝子也。
  ○郑唯辟为卿士,公谓诸侯,又以介为助为异。馀同。
  ○传“相,助。广,大”。
  ○正义曰:《释诂》云:“相、助,勴也。”俱训为勴,是相得为助。广是宽博,亦大之义。传於《烈文》辟公皆斥诸侯,无卿士之义,则此辟亦非卿士,当谓国君诸公也,故王肃云:“来助祭者,维国君诸公。天子穆穆然,以美德为之王。”
  ○笺“雍雍”至“欢心”。
  ○正义曰:“雍雍,和(he)。肃(su)肃(su),敬(jing)”,《乐(le)记(ji)》文(wen)也(ye)。和(he)在色,敬(jing)在心。和(he)敬(jing),贤者之(zhi)常(chang),因未至异文(wen)而分(fen)之(zhi)耳,其(qi)实常(chang)雍肃(su)也(ye)。以(yi)序言(yan)(yan)禘(di),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)助。王禘(di)祭(ji)(ji),孝(xiao)子(zi)(zi)当(dang)悫而趋(qu),言(yan)(yan)穆(mu)穆(mu)者,以(yi)孝(xiao)子(zi)(zi)於祖父(fu)则为子(zi)(zi)孙之(zhi)容(rong),若非对神前,则可为穆(mu)穆(mu)也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)於荐大牡(mu)之(zhi)牲,举(ju)其(qi)祭(ji)(ji)时所(suo)用,《楚茨》所(suo)谓(wei)“洁尔(er)牛羊,以(yi)往烝尝(chang),或剥(bo)或烹”之(zhi)类,是助王陈(chen)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)馔,言(yan)(yan)其(qi)得天下之(zhi)欢(huan)心。此言(yan)(yan)“肆(si)(si)祀(si)”,笺以(yi)为陈(chen)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)馔。《牧誓(shi)》云(yun):“商王受昏弃(qi)厥(jue)肆(si)(si)祀(si)。”注云(yun)“肆(si)(si)祀(si),祭(ji)(ji)名”者,以(yi)祭(ji)(ji)必(bi)肆(si)(si)之(zhi),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)肆(si)(si)祀(si)。《尚书(shu)》指言(yan)(yan)纣之(zhi)所(suo)弃(qi),故(gu)(gu)知祭(ji)(ji)名。此言(yan)(yan)所(suo)助,是其(qi)为肆(si)(si),故(gu)(gu)不以(yi)为祭(ji)(ji)名,理(li)亦(yi)相通(tong)也(ye)。

假哉皇考!绥予孝子。宣哲维人,文武维后。假,嘉也。笺云:宣,徧也。嘉哉群考,斥文王也。文王之德,乃安我孝子,谓受命定其基业也。又徧使天下之人有才知,以文德武功为之君故。
  ○假音暇,徐古雅反。哲(zhe)(zhe)音哲(zhe)(zhe),本亦作“哲(zhe)(zhe)”,同(tong)。徧音遍(bian)。下同(tong)。知音智。

[疏]传“假,嘉”。
  ○正义曰:《释诂》文。
  ○笺“宣徧”至“君故”。
  ○正义曰:“宣(xuan),徧(bian)”,《释言(yan)(yan)》文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。《释诂》云(yun):“皇(huang)(huang),君(jun)也。”此大祖(zu)(zu)宜(yi)为(wei)一(yi)代(dai)始王,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)嘉哉君(jun)考(kao)斥文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王也。《闵予小(xiao)子(zi)》皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)与皇(huang)(huang)祖(zu)(zu)相(xiang)对(dui),故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)为(wei)武(wu)(wu)王。此则下有“烈(lie)考(kao)”为(wei)武(wu)(wu)王,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)为(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王。考(kao)者,成德(de)之名,可以通(tong)其(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)祖(zu)(zu)故(gu)(gu)也。《祭(ji)法(fa)》云(yun):“父(fu)(fu)曰考(kao),祖(zu)(zu)父(fu)(fu)曰王考(kao),曾祖(zu)(zu)曰皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)。”此与《闵予小(xiao)子(zi)》非曾祖(zu)(zu),亦云(yun)皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)者,以其(qi)(qi)散文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)取尊君(jun)之义,故(gu)(gu)父(fu)(fu)祖(zu)(zu)皆得称之。安我孝子(zi),言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)享有天(tian)下,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)谓(wei)受(shou)命定其(qi)(qi)基业。述皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)一(yi)人(ren)之德(de),而言(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)武(wu)(wu),故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)谓(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)德(de)武(wu)(wu)功,即《文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王有声》所云(yun)“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王受(shou)命,有此武(wu)(wu)功”。是文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王有文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)有武(wu)(wu)也。并(bing)举文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)武(wu)(wu)者,文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)以教化,武(wu)(wu)以除暴,暴止教兴,故(gu)(gu)人(ren)皆有才(cai)智也。

燕及皇天,克昌厥后。绥我眉寿,介以繁祉。燕,安也。笺云:繁,多也。文王之德,安及皇天,谓降瑞应,无变异也。又能昌大其子孙,安助之以考寿与多福禄。
  ○克昌(chang)如(ru)字,或云文王名。此禘(di)於(wu)文王之(zhi)诗也(ye),周(zhou)人(ren)以(yi)讳事神,不应犯讳,当音处亮反。应,应对之(zhi)应。

[疏]笺“繁多”至“福禄”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:昭(zhao)二十八年《左传》曰:“恶直(zhi)丑正(zheng),实(shi)繁(fan)有(you)徒(tu)。”是(shi)(shi)繁(fan)为(wei)众之(zhi)义,故为(wei)多也。天(tian)之(zhi)监下,作为(wei)徵祥。今(jin)言(yan)皇(huang)(huang)考之(zhi)德,能(neng)安及皇(huang)(huang)天(tian),故知谓降瑞应(ying)也。以(yi)此福庆,流及后昆,故言(yan)又能(neng)昌大其子(zi)孙。子(zi)孙既(ji)蒙其福,今(jin)祭而得礼,故文王之(zhi)神安我孝(xiao)(xiao)子(zi)以(yi)寿(shou)考,予之(zhi)以(yi)福禄。上言(yan)“绥(sui)予孝(xiao)(xiao)子(zi)”,是(shi)(shi)皇(huang)(huang)考绥(sui)之(zhi)。今(jin)言(yan)“绥(sui)我眉寿(shou)”,亦是(shi)(shi)皇(huang)(huang)考绥(sui)之(zhi),以(yi)覆成上意(yi)也。

既右烈考,亦右文母。烈考,武王也。文母,大姒也。笺云:烈,光也。子孙所以得考寿与多福者,乃以见右助於光明之考与文德之母,归美焉。
  ○右音祐(you),下同(tong)。助也。大姒(si)(si)音泰,下同(tong)。姒(si)(si),文王妃。

[疏]传“烈考”至“大姒”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):以(yi)大(da)祖为(wei)文(wen)王(wang),皇考当之矣。而(er)别言烈(lie)考,故知为(wei)武王(wang),即《洛诰》所(suo)云“烈(lie)考武王(wang),宏朕恭”,一也。彼注以(yi)烈(lie)为(wei)威,此笺以(yi)烈(lie)为(wei)光者,义得(de)(de)两通故也。文(wen)母继文(wen)言之,虽大(da)似自有文(wen)德,亦因文(wen)王(wang)而(er)称之也。此非颂所(suo)主,而(er)言之者,明时得(de)(de)祐之多(duo),故归美(mei)焉。

《雍(yong)》一章(zhang),十六句。

《载见》,诸侯始见乎武王庙也。
  ○见,贤遍反。下同。

[疏]“《载见》十四句”。
  ○正义曰(yue):《载(zai)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)》诗(shi)(shi)者,诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)庙(miao)之(zhi)乐(le)歌(ge)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)周公居摄(she)七年(nian),而(er)归政成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)即政,诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)来(lai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao),於(wu)是率之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)庙(miao)。诗(shi)(shi)人述其事(shi)(shi)而(er)为(wei)此(ci)歌(ge)焉。经(jing)言(yan)(yan)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)来(lai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao),车服(fu)有法,助(zhu)祭(ji)得福,皆(jie)为(wei)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)庙(miao)而(er)言(yan)(yan),故举见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)庙(miao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)总(zong)之(zhi)。案经(jing)“载(zai)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)辟王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”,谓(wei)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又言(yan)(yan)“率见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)昭考”,乃是见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)於(wu)武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)庙(miao)。今序唯言(yan)(yan)始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)於(wu)武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)庙(miao),不(bu)言(yan)(yan)始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)者美其助(zhu)祭(ji),不(bu)美朝(chao)(chao)(chao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),主意(yi)於(wu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)庙(miao),故序特言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)。但诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)来(lai),必(bi)先朝(chao)(chao)(chao)而(er)后助(zhu)祭(ji),故经(jing)“始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”与“率见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)昭考”为(wei)首引耳。武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)崩,至於(wu)成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)即政,历(li)年(nian)多矣,立(li)(li)庙(miao)久(jiu)矣,诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)往前之(zhi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao),已应尝经(jing)助(zhu)祭(ji)。於(wu)此(ci)乃言(yan)(yan)始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)於(wu)武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)庙(miao)者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)初即王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)位(wei)(wei),万事(shi)(shi)改新,成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)於(wu)此(ci)时(shi)亲为(wei)祭(ji)主,言(yan)(yan)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)於(wu)成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)世始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),非谓(wei)立(li)(li)庙(miao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)来(lai)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《烈文》“成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)即政,诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)助(zhu)祭(ji)”,笺以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)享之(zhi)祭(ji),则(ze)是周之(zhi)正月朔(shuo)日也(ye)(ye)(ye)。於(wu)时(shi)始(shi)告(gao)嗣位(wei)(wei),不(bu)得祭(ji)前已受诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)。此(ci)诗(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)既(ji)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),乃后助(zhu)祭(ji),则(ze)与《烈文》异时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。要言(yan)(yan)始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),不(bu)宜过后淹久(jiu),盖(gai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)夏(xia)之(zhi)正月来(lai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao),即助(zhu)春祀之(zhi)祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。四时(shi)之(zhi)祭(ji),遍(bian)祭(ji)群庙(miao),独言(yan)(yan)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者,作(zuo)者特言(yan)(yan)“昭考”,其意(yi)主於(wu)武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)故也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

载见辟王,曰求厥章。龙旂阳阳,和铃央央。鞗革有鸧,休有烈光。载,始也。龙旂阳阳,言有文章也。和在轼前。铃在旂上。鞗革有鸧,言有法度也。笺云:诸侯始见君王,谓见成王也。曰求其章者,求车服礼仪之文章制度也。交龙为旂。鞗革,辔首也。鸧,金饰貌。休者,休然盛壮。
  ○辟(pi)音(yin)璧。下(xia)同(tong)(tong)。铃音(yin)零。《左(zuo)传(chuan)》云:“锡銮和铃,昭其(qi)声也(ye)。”央(yang),於良(liang)反,徐音(yin)英。鞗音(yin)条。鸧,七羊反,本亦作“鎗”,同(tong)(tong)。休,许蚪(dou)反,又(you)许求反。注同(tong)(tong)。轼(shi)音(yin)式。

[疏]“载见辟王”。
  ○毛以为,诸侯始来朝而见君王,作者美而述之,曰:此等皆能自求其章,谓能内脩诸己,自求车服礼仪文章,使不失法度。以此之故,其所建交龙之旂阳阳然而有文章;其在轼之和,与旂上之铃,央央然而有音声;又以鞗皮为辔首之革,其末以金为饰,有鎗然而美。此旂、和铃、革如是休然盛壮而有显光,是能自求文章,故无所不美也。既能朝见以礼,至於祭时,伯又率之以见於明德之考,谓令入武王之庙,使之助祭,以致孝子之事,以献祭祀之礼,以光大我王,使得秀眉之寿。又叙诸侯之意,言此孝享介寿之道,长我诸侯能安而行之,思使我君成王得众多之福也。是光明文章之君公能得礼如是,我昭考之神乃安此诸侯以多福,使之皆有光明之德以至於大。大谓令传世无穷,长为国君也。
  ○郑以介为助,辟公谓百辟与诸侯,俾缉熙于纯嘏谓使之皆光明於大嘏之意,唯此为异。馀同。
  ○传“载始”至“法度”。
  ○正义曰:《释诂》云:“哉,始也。”哉、载义同,故亦为始。龙旂者,旂上画为交龙,故知阳阳言有文章。和亦铃也,言在轼前,相传为然,无正文也。《释天》云:“有铃曰旂。”李巡曰:“以铃著旒端。”郭璞曰:“悬铃於竿头,画交龙於旒。”是铃在旂上。鞗革有鎗,鎗为革之貌,言有法度,虽在有鎗之下,主为鞗革而言,其意亦兼言旂、铃皆有法也。
  ○笺“诸侯”至“盛壮”。
  ○正义曰:以(yi)辟(pi)公文(wen)见於下,故(gu)(gu)先言(yan)诸侯(hou)。此诗成王(wang)时事,故(gu)(gu)知始见君王(wang)谓(wei)(wei)见成王(wang)也。曰求其章(zhang)者,将自说(shuo)其事,故(gu)(gu)言(yan)“曰”以(yi)目之。作(zuo)者所称曰,非诸侯(hou)自言(yan)曰也。诸侯(hou)谨慎奉法,即是自求其章(zhang)。旂、铃是在车(che)之物,故(gu)(gu)知车(che)服礼仪文(wen)章(zhang)制度也。“交龙为旂”,《春官·司常》文(wen)。《释器》云(yun):“辔首(shou)谓(wei)(wei)之革(ge)(ge)。”故(gu)(gu)知“鞗(tiao)革(ge)(ge),辔首(shou)也”。辔用皮革(ge)(ge),而云(yun)“有鎗”,故(gu)(gu)知鎗为金饰貌,即《韩奕》所云(yun)“鞗(tiao)革(ge)(ge)金厄”是也。休与烈光连文(wen),故(gu)(gu)为盛壮。

率见昭考,以孝以享。以介眉寿,永言保之,思皇多祜。昭考,武王也。享,献也。笺云:言,我。皇,君也。诸侯既以朝礼见於成王,至祭时,伯又率之见於武王庙,使助祭也,以致孝子之事,以献祭祀之礼,以助考寿之福。长我安行此道,思使成王之多福。
  ○祜(hu)音户,福(fu)也。朝,直遥反。下篇(pian)并同。

[疏]传“昭考,武王。享,献”。
  ○正义曰:见武王而言昭考,故知为武王。“享,献”,《释诂》文。
  ○笺“言我”至“多福”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:“言,我。皇,君”,皆(jie)《释诂(gu)》文。又上(shang)谓(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)见(jian)(jian)成(cheng)王(wang)(wang),即云“率见(jian)(jian)昭考”,明是(shi)率此(ci)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)。“以(yi)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)以(yi)享”,是(shi)祭(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye),故知於(wu)祭(ji)时(shi),伯(bo)(bo)又率之(zhi)(zhi)见(jian)(jian)於(wu)武王(wang)(wang)庙,使助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)祭(ji)也(ye)。以(yi)《顾(gu)命》毕公、召公为二伯(bo)(bo)率诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),故知此(ci)亦伯(bo)(bo)率之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。三(san)言“以(yi)”者,皆(jie)以(yi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)为此(ci)也(ye)。以(yi)致孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)子(zi)即成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)也(ye)。之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),谓(wei)(wei)祭(ji)事(shi)。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)致之(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。以(yi)献(xian)祭(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)祀(si),亦是(shi)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),但所助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)非一,别言之(zhi)(zhi)耳。以(yi)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寿考之(zhi)(zhi)福,谓(wei)(wei)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行其礼,使孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)子(zi)得寿考之(zhi)(zhi)福。三(san)者相通(tong),为一事(shi)也(ye)。长我安行此(ci)道,叙(xu)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),此(ci)道即“以(yi)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)以(yi)享,以(yi)介眉寿”之(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)。长安行之(zhi)(zhi),庶当(dang)神明之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。思(si)使成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)福,言诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)爱(ai)成(cheng)王(wang)(wang),即经之(zhi)(zhi)“思(si)皇”也(ye)。

烈文辟公,绥以多福,俾缉熙于纯嘏。笺云:俾,使。纯,大也。祭有十伦之义,成王乃光文百辟与诸侯,安之以多福,使光明於大嘏之意。天子受福曰大嘏,辞有福祚之言。
  ○卑,必尔反,本又(you)作“俾”。缉,七(qi)入反。嘏,古雅(ya)反。祚,才故反。

[疏]笺“俾使”至“之言”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:“俾(bi),使(shi)(shi)(shi)。纯(chun),大”,《释诂(gu)》文(wen)。十伦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义者(zhe),《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)统》文(wen)也。彼云:“夫(fu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)十伦焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan):见(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)(shi)鬼(gui)神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),见(jian)(jian)(jian)君(jun)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),见(jian)(jian)(jian)父子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伦焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),见(jian)(jian)(jian)贵贱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),见(jian)(jian)(jian)亲(qin)疏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杀焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),见(jian)(jian)(jian)爵赏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)施焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),见(jian)(jian)(jian)夫(fu)妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),见(jian)(jian)(jian)政事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)均(jun)焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),见(jian)(jian)(jian)长幼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。见(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际(ji)焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)十伦。”引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),解其言(yan)俾(bi)意。以(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祀大而难明(ming)(ming)(ming),有(you)(you)十种伦理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,是(shi)为(wei)难晓,故(gu)(gu)言(yan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)光明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。此(ci)光文(wen)百(bai)辟(pi)(pi),与(yu)诸侯(hou)助祭(ji)(ji)(ji)得礼(li),当於神明(ming)(ming)(ming),昭考之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神乃安(an)(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)多(duo)福(fu),又使(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光明(ming)(ming)(ming)於大嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)神使(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。所以(yi)得光明(ming)(ming)(ming)大嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)意者(zhe),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)受(shou)福(fu),故(gu)(gu)曰大嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)辞有(you)(you)福(fu)祚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),以(yi)诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,思使(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)得多(duo)福(fu),令(ling)嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)辞以(yi)福(fu)予成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)。是(shi)称满诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,则诸侯(hou)晓解神心,故(gu)(gu)云使(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。俾(bi)缉熙是(shi)神,使(shi)(shi)(shi)辟(pi)(pi)公光明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则绥(sui)以(yi)多(duo)福(fu)。是(shi)神安(an)(an)辟(pi)(pi)公以(yi)多(duo)福(fu),非(fei)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)安(an)(an)孝(xiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)也。知天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)受(shou)福(fu)曰大嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe),《礼(li)运》曰:“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地,诸侯(hou)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)社稷,祝嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)莫敢(gan)易其常古,是(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)大嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。”案《特(te)牲》、《少牢》皆祝以(yi)福(fu)庆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)告主人谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),故(gu)(gu)知《礼(li)运》大嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)受(shou)福(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也。彼天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)诸侯(hou)连(lian)文(wen),独言(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe),以(yi)此(ci)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)耳,不(bu)(bu)可(ke)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)诸侯(hou)不(bu)(bu)然(ran)。《鲁颂》曰“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)锡(xi)公纯(chun)嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”,是(shi)诸侯(hou)亦为(wei)大嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也。此(ci)经(jing)虽无毛传,但毛於辟(pi)(pi)公皆不(bu)(bu)言(yan)百(bai)辟(pi)(pi),嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皆为(wei)大,不(bu)(bu)为(wei)嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)辞,则此(ci)辟(pi)(pi)公指(zhi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)诸侯(hou),纯(chun)嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)大大也。

《载见》一章,十四句。

《有客》,微子来见祖庙也。成王既黜殷命,杀武庚,命微子代殷后。既受命,来朝而见也。
  ○有客(ke),二王之后为客(ke)也。见,贤遍反。序(xu)注(zhu)同(tong)。绌,敕(chi)律反,又(you)作“黜”。同(tong)。

[疏]“《有客》十二句”。
  ○正义曰:《有客》诗者,微子来见於祖庙之乐歌也。谓周公摄政二年,杀武庚,命微子代为殷后,乃来朝而见於周之祖庙。诗人因其来见,述其美德而为此歌焉。经之所陈,皆说微子之美,虽因见庙而歌,其意不美在庙,故经无庙事。为周太平之歌,而述微子之美者,言王者所封得人,即为王者之美,故歌之也。言见於祖庙,必是助祭,序不言所祭之名,不指所在之庙,无得而知之也。
  ○笺“成王”至“而见”。
  ○正义曰:自“命(ming)(ming)(ming)微(wei)子(zi)”以(yi)上(shang),皆《书》序文。彼注云“黜(chu)殷命(ming)(ming)(ming),谓杀武庚也(ye)。微(wei),采(cai)地名。微(wei)子(zi)启,纣同母庶兄也(ye)。武王(wang)投之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)宋(song),因命(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)封为(wei)(wei)(wei)宋(song)公,代殷后(hou),承(cheng)汤祀(si)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。彼言(yan)作(zuo)《微(wei)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)》所由。微(wei)子(zi)先封於(wu)宋(song),但未得为(wei)(wei)(wei)殷后(hou)耳。於(wu)此时命(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)宋(song)公,故作(zuo)此命(ming)(ming)(ming)辞。或召(zhao)(zhao)来(lai)命(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),或遣使(shi)就命(ming)(ming)(ming),史传无文,未可知也(ye)。要是(shi)(shi)既受命(ming)(ming)(ming)乃(nai)来(lai)朝而见也(ye)。知非此时召(zhao)(zhao)来(lai)受命(ming)(ming)(ming)见祖庙者,以(yi)经(jing)言(yan)“亦白(bai)其马”,“敦(dun)琢其旅”,是(shi)(shi)自国而来(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞。若(ruo)未受命(ming)(ming)(ming),不(bu)得已乘(cheng)白(bai)马,明是(shi)(shi)受命(ming)(ming)(ming)而后(hou)乃(nai)来(lai),与上(shang)《有瞽(gu)》、《振(zhen)鹭》或亦一(yi)时事也(ye)。

有客有客,亦白其马。有萋有且,敦琢其旅。殷尚白也。亦,亦周也。萋且,敬慎貌。笺云:有客有客,重言之者,异之也。亦,亦武庚也。武庚为二王后,乘殷之马,乃叛而诛,不肖之甚也。今微子代之,亦乘殷之马,独贤而见尊异,故言亦駮而美之。其来威仪萋萋且且,尽心力於其事。又选择众臣卿大夫之贤者,与之朝王。言“敦琢”者,以贤美之,故玉言之。
  ○萋,七西(xi)反(fan)。且(qie),七序反(fan)。敦,都回反(fan),徐(xu)又(you)音(yin)(yin)彫。琢(zhuo),陟角反(fan)。重,直用反(fan)。肖音(yin)(yin)笑(xiao)。駮,郑邦(bang)角反(fan),又(you)音(yin)(yin)角,杂也。

[疏]“有客有客”。
  ○毛以为,微子来至京师,为周人所爱,故述而歌之。言我周家,今有承先代之客。此客亦如我周,自乘所尚而白其马,其来则有萋萋然,有且且然。言能敬慎威仪,尽心力於其事也。身既如此,又敦琢其从行之徒旅。言选择从者,如敦琢玉然,是从者皆贤,故为周人所爱。有客已一宿,又一宿。有客经一信,复一信,至已多日,可以去矣。我周人授之絷绊,以绊其马,爱而留之,不欲使去也。至於将去,王始言饯送之,左右之,臣又从而安乐之。谓与之饯燕,厚之无已。又叹美微子得为王者之后,用其正朔,行其礼乐,既有大法则矣。神明降与之福,则又甚易。言有德故易福。
  ○郑唯亦白其马、亦武庚为异。馀同。
  ○传“殷尚”至“慎貌”。
  ○正义曰:解言“亦白其马”意,以殷尚白故也。《檀弓》曰:“殷人戎事,乘翰翰白色马。”虽戎事,乘之亦以所尚,故白言“亦白其马”,则是一代所尚,宜以代相亦,故云“亦,亦周也”。萋萋且且承白马之下,则是微子威仪,故云敬慎貌。
  ○笺“有客”至“言之”。
  ○正义曰(yue):客(ke)(ke)止一人,而(er)(er)重(zhong)言(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)客(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)客(ke)(ke),是(shi)丁(ding)宁殊异以(yi)尊大之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)亦(yi)(yi)为(wei)亦(yi)(yi)武(wu)(wu)庚者,此(ci)(ci)(ci)自(zi)周(zhou)人而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)客(ke)(ke),为(wei)彼(bi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)势,则是(shi)据周(zhou)为(wei)辞,不宜反以(yi)亦(yi)(yi)己,故(gu)为(wei)亦(yi)(yi)武(wu)(wu)庚也。白马,武(wu)(wu)庚所(suo)当乘,乃(nai)叛而(er)(er)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不肖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚(shen)。今微(wei)子亦(yi)(yi)乘殷(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)白马,不应乘而(er)(er)得(de)乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),独贤而(er)(er)见尊异,故(gu)丁(ding)宁美(mei)大之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)(yan)亦(yi)(yi)者,駮(bo)武(wu)(wu)庚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恶,而(er)(er)反以(yi)美(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)笺申明易传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也。既言(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)客(ke)(ke),见其(qi)乘马,则萋且为(wei)来(lai)(lai)至之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌,故(gu)云“其(qi)来(lai)(lai)也威(wei)仪(yi)萋萋且且”威(wei)仪(yi)多(duo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状,故(gu)复言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。威(wei)仪(yi)出(chu)於心,而(er)(er)以(yi)力行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)言(yan)(yan)“尽心力於其(qi)事(shi)(shi)”也。旅(lv)是(shi)从者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众(zhong)。敦(dun)(dun)琢(zhuo),治(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。人而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)敦(dun)(dun)琢(zhuo),故(gu)为(wei)选(xuan)择。明尊其(qi)所(suo)往,故(gu)择卿大夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤者,与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝王。从亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)士,举(ju)卿大夫而(er)(er)士同可知。又(you)解人而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)敦(dun)(dun)琢(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,以(yi)其(qi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)人贤,故(gu)以(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)以(yi)治(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)择人也。《释器》云:“玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雕(diao)。”又(you)云:“玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)琢(zhuo)。”是(shi)雕(diao)琢(zhuo)皆治(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。敦(dun)(dun)、雕(diao),古(gu)今字。

有客宿宿,有客信信。言授之絷,以絷其马。一宿曰宿,再宿曰信。欲絷其马而留之。笺云:絷,绊也。周之君臣皆爱微子,其所馆宿,可以去矣,而言绊其马,意各殷勤。
  ○絷(zhi),陟立反(fan)。绊音(yin)半。

薄言追之,左右绥之。笺云:追,送也。於微子去,王始言饯送之,左右之。臣又欲从而安乐之,厚之无已。
  ○饯音贱(jian)。乐音洛(luo)。

[疏]传“一宿”至“曰信”。
  ○正义曰:《释训》云:“有客宿宿,再宿也。有客信信,四宿也。”彼因文重而倍之。此传分而各言之,其意同也。
  ○笺“周之”至“殷勤”。
  ○正义曰:言其所馆宿可以去矣,是宿宿、信信之后也。古之朝聘,留停日数不可得而详。《易·丰卦》“初九,遇其配主,虽旬无咎”,注云:“初脩礼上朝,四四以匹敌,恩厚待之,虽留十日不为咎。”正以十日者,朝聘之礼,止於主国以为限。《聘礼》毕归大礼曰“旬而稍”,旬之外为稍,久留非常。如郑此言,似诸侯之朝邻国,其留以十日为限。案《春秋》相朝动经时月,虽复乱世之法,正礼亦应当然。又《聘礼记》曰:“致饔。明日夕,夫人归礼。既致饔则旬而稍。”於大礼之后,每旬而稍,稍供其刍秣,亦非一旬即归。且诸侯朝王,必待助祭,祭前斋,斋犹十日,明非一旬而反。但郑以虽旬之言,故云十日为限,不必从来至去唯十日也。故此唯言可以去矣,亦不知於信信之后几日乃可去也。
  ○笺“追送”至“无已”。
  ○正义曰(yue):追谓已发上道(dao),逐而送(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故以追为送(song)客。以王(wang)为主,故知(zhi)於微子去,王(wang)始言(yan)(yan)饯送(song)。亦以王(wang)意不欲其去,故留(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以久,於是始言(yan)(yan)饯送(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。明先不言(yan)(yan)送(song),故称(cheng)始也。左右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诸臣(chen)又从而安乐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),亦犹显父饯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欢燕,以安乐其心,是厚(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无已。

既有淫威,降福孔夷。淫,大。威,则。夷,易也。笺云:既有大则,谓用殷正朔行其礼乐如天子也。神与之福,又甚易也。言动作而有度。
  ○易,以豉反。下同。

[疏]传“淫,大。威,则。夷,易”。
  ○正义曰:“淫,大。夷,易”,《释(shi)诂》文(wen)。“威,则(ze)”,《释(shi)言》文(wen)。

《有(you)客》一(yi)章,十二句。

《武》,奏《大武》也。《大武》,周公作乐所为舞也。
  ○大(da)如字(zi),徐音泰。注同(tong)。

[疏]“《武》七句”。
  ○正义曰:《武》诗者,奏《大武》之乐歌也。谓周公摄政六年之时,象武王伐纣之事,作《大武》之乐既成,而於庙奏之。诗人睹其奏而思武功,故述其事而作此歌焉。经之所陈,皆武王生时之功也。直言其奏,不言其所奏之庙。作者虽因奏作歌,其意不在於庙,故不言庙。此与《有瞽》及《酌》或是一时之事,但作者之意,各有主耳。
  ○笺“大武”至“为舞”。
  ○正义曰:以(yi)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)功(gong)成作(zuo)乐(le)(le),必待太平。《明堂位》云:“周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)摄政六年,制(zhi)礼作(zuo)乐(le)(le)。”故知《大(da)武(wu)(wu)》是周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)作(zuo)乐(le)(le)所(suo)为舞(wu)也。谓之《武(wu)(wu)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《礼器(qi)》云:“乐(le)(le)也者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乐(le)(le)其所(suo)自成。”注云:“作(zuo)乐(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),缘民所(suo)乐(le)(le)於(wu)己之功(gong)。”然则以(yi)武(wu)(wu)王用武(wu)(wu)除暴,为天下所(suo)乐(le)(le),故谓其乐(le)(le)为《武(wu)(wu)》乐(le)(le)。《武(wu)(wu)》乐(le)(le)为一代(dai)大(da)事,故历代(dai)皆称大(da)也。

於皇武王,无竞维烈。允文文王,克开厥后。烈,业也。笺云:皇,君也。於乎君哉,武王也,无强乎其克商之功业,言其强也。信有文德哉,武王也,能开其子孙之基绪。
  ○於音乌(wu)。注同。

[疏]“於皇武王”。
  ○毛以为,於乎可美而君哉者,武王也。此武王可谓无强乎,维其克商之功业。言克商之功业,实最为强也。所以能致此业,而得为强者,由於信有文德者之文王,以圣德受命,能开其后世子孙之基绪,故武王继嗣其迹而受之,谓复受天命以伐纣,胜此殷家,止於杀人之害,以致安定。汝武王之大功,其盛业如此,故象而制乐,是以美而歌之。
  ○郑下三句为异。言嗣子武王受其业而行之,举兵伐纣,胜殷而止其杀人,至年老乃定汝之大功。言不汲汲诛纣,是其功业之盛,故作乐象之。
  ○传“烈,业”。
  ○正义曰:《释诂》文。
  ○笺“皇君”至“基绪”。
  ○正义曰(yue):“皇(huang),君(jun)”,《释诂》文。《臣工》“於皇(huang)”,笺以为(wei)美,此为(wei)君(jun)者,以其述伐纣之事(shi),是为(wei)君(jun)之道故也。文王能开子孙之基绪,谓受命(ming)作(zuo)周(zhou),七年五伐皆是也。

嗣武受之,胜殷遏刘,耆定尔功。武,迹。刘,杀。耆,致也。笺云:遏,止。耆,老也。嗣子武王,受文王之业,举兵伐殷而胜之,以止天下之暴虐而杀人者,年老乃定女之此功。言不汲汲於诛纣,须暇五年。
  ○遏,於葛反。耆(qi),毛音指,致也(ye)。郑巨移(yi)反,《韩诗》音同,郑云:“恶也(ye)。”汲音急。

[疏]传“武迹”至“耆致”。
  ○正义曰:“武,迹”,《释训》文。“刘,杀”,《释诂》文。宣十二年《左传》引此云“耆定尔功”,“耆昧也”。其意言致纣於昧,故以耆为致。王肃云:“致定其大功,谓诛纣定天下。”
  ○笺“遏止”至“五年”。
  ○正义曰:“遏,止(zhi)”,《释(shi)诂》文。《曲礼》“六十(shi)曰耆(qi)”,耆(qi)为(wei)老也。既言文王(wang)开后,即云(yun)(yun)嗣武(wu)(wu)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其文相承,故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)嗣子(zi)(zi)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)受(shou)文王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业(ye)也。其胜(sheng)殷,已是杀(sha)(sha)纣,而(er)(er)(er)别言“遏刘”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则所(suo)遏非纣也,故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)止(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)暴虐(nve)而(er)(er)(er)杀(sha)(sha)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。言天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia),为(wei)众(zhong)多之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞,谓(wei)纣时诸官亦化纣暴虐(nve)而(er)(er)(er)杀(sha)(sha)害善人(ren)(ren),纣身既巳(si)被诛,此(ci)(ci)等亦皆(jie)贬黜(chu),故(gu)(gu)得止(zhi)杀(sha)(sha)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。《论语》云(yun)(yun),“如(ru)有王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),必世而(er)(er)(er)后仁”,谓(wei)积世始(shi)得去杀(sha)(sha)。此(ci)(ci)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)才始(shi)伐纣,即得止(zhi)杀(sha)(sha)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《论语》所(suo)云(yun)(yun):“谓(wei)令天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)尽仁,不复刑杀(sha)(sha)。”此(ci)(ci)谓(wei)遏止(zhi)其时枉杀(sha)(sha)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非止(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用刑也。年(nian)(nian)(nian)老乃(nai)安定汝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言武(wu)(wu)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,不汲汲於(wu)早诛纣也。纣恶久(jiu)矣,武(wu)(wu)王(wang)嗣位,即应诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),犹尚(shang)冀纣变改,须(xu)(xu)待(dai)(dai)宽暇,积年(nian)(nian)(nian)始(shi)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。文王(wang)受(shou)仑七年(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)(er)崩(beng),武(wu)(wu)王(wang)以(yi)(yi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)即位,至(zhi)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)乃(nai)诛纣,是须(xu)(xu)暇五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)也。《多方(fang)》云(yun)(yun):“维尔商后王(wang),逸(yi)厥逸(yi),天(tian)(tian)(tian)惟(wei)降时丧。惟(wei)圣罔(wang)念作狂,惟(wei)狂克(ke)念作圣。天(tian)(tian)(tian)惟(wei)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),须(xu)(xu)暇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)。”注云(yun)(yun):天(tian)(tian)(tian)待(dai)(dai)暇其终,至(zhi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),欲使(shi)传子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)。五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),文王(wang)受(shou)命(ming)八年(nian)(nian)(nian),至(zhi)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian),是须(xu)(xu)暇五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也。如(ru)《尚(shang)书》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,是天(tian)(tian)(tian)须(xu)(xu)暇纣。此(ci)(ci)笺(jian)意以(yi)(yi)为(wei)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)须(xu)(xu)暇纣者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),武(wu)(wu)王(wang)知(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)未丧,故(gu)(gu)亦顺天(tian)(tian)(tian)不伐。据人(ren)(ren)事而(er)(er)(er)言,亦是武(wu)(wu)王(wang)须(xu)(xu)暇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。天(tian)(tian)(tian)生此(ci)(ci)纣,故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)灭殷。下(xia)(xia)愚不移,非可待(dai)(dai)变。而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)“克(ke)念作圣,须(xu)(xu)暇子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),设教劝诱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言耳(er)。易传者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其美(mei)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)能老乃(nai)定功,不汲汲於(wu)诛纣,以(yi)(yi)为(wei)不得已而(er)(er)(er)取天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia),是美(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深,故(gu)(gu)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

《武》一章,七句。

《臣工之什》十篇,十章,一百六句。  

◎闵予小子(zi)之(zhi)什(shen)诂训传第二十八

《闵予小子》,嗣王朝于庙也。嗣王者,谓成王也。除武王之丧,将始即政,朝於庙也。
  ○朝,直(zhi)遥反。注同(tong)。

[疏]“《闵予小子》十一句”。
  ○正义曰:《闵予小子》诗者,嗣王朝於庙之乐歌也。谓成王嗣父为王,朝於宗庙,自言当嗣之意。诗人述其事而作此诗歌焉。此朝庙早晚,毛无其说。毛无避居之事,此朝庙事武王崩之明年,周公即已摄政,成王未得朝庙,且又无政可谋,此欲夙夜敬慎,继续先绪,必非居摄之年也。王肃以此篇为周公致政,成王嗣位,始朝於庙之乐歌。毛意或当然也。此及《小毖》四篇,俱言嗣王,文势相类,则毛意俱为摄政之后,成王嗣位之初,有此事,诗人当即歌之也。郑以为,成王除武王之丧,将始即政,则是成王十三,周公未居摄。於是之时,成王朝庙,自言敬慎,思继先绪。《访落》与群臣共谋敬之,则群臣进戒,文相应和,事在一时,则俱是未摄之前。后至太平之时,诗人追述其事,为此歌也。《小毖》言惩创往时,则是归政之后,元年之事。以其居摄之日,抗礼世子。今始即政,周之新王,故亦与此为类,称嗣王也。经云“於乎皇考”,下篇群臣进谋,云“率时昭考”,皆以武王为言。计岁首合诸群庙皆朝,此特谋政,故在武王庙也。此篇王所自言,亦是谋政之事。但谋者与人之辞,故下篇言谋。此则独述王言,故称为朝。且此三篇,一时之事,以一人之作,皆因朝庙而有此事,故首篇言朝以冠之。
  ○笺“嗣王”至“朝於庙”。
  ○正义曰(yue):以颂皆成王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)事(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)嗣(si)(si)(si)(si)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)谓(wei)成王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。《曲礼(li)(li)》云:“内事(shi)(shi)曰(yue)孝(xiao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)某,外(wai)事(shi)(shi)曰(yue)嗣(si)(si)(si)(si)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)某。”彼(bi)谓(wei)祝(zhu)之(zhi)所(suo)言(yan)(yan)以告神(shen),因其(qi)内外(wai)而(er)异(yi)称(cheng)(cheng)。此(ci)非告神(shen)之(zhi)辞(ci)(ci),直以嗣(si)(si)(si)(si)续(xu)先(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)称(cheng)(cheng)嗣(si)(si)(si)(si)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)耳。古(gu)者,天子(zi)(zi)崩,百官听(ting)(ting)於(wu)(wu)冢宰,世子(zi)(zi)以三年之(zhi)内不(bu)言(yan)(yan)政(zheng)事(shi)(shi)。此(ci)嗣(si)(si)(si)(si)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)朝(chao)庙(miao)(miao),自谋为政(zheng),则是即(ji)政(zheng)之(zhi)事(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)武王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)丧(sang)(sang),将(jiang)始即(ji)政(zheng),朝(chao)於(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)也。《曲礼(li)(li)》称(cheng)(cheng)“天子(zi)(zi)在(zai)丧(sang)(sang)曰(yue)予小子(zi)(zi)”,若已除(chu)(chu)(chu)丧(sang)(sang),当为吉(ji)称(cheng)(cheng)。而(er)经言(yan)(yan)小子(zi)(zi)在(zai)疚,为丧(sang)(sang)中辞(ci)(ci)者,以其(qi)服虽除(chu)(chu)(chu),去(qu)丧(sang)(sang)日近(jin),又(you)序其(qi)在(zai)丧(sang)(sang)之(zhi)事(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)仍同丧(sang)(sang)称(cheng)(cheng)。言(yan)(yan)将(jiang)始即(ji)政(zheng)者,始欲即(ji)政(zheng),先(xian)朝(chao)於(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)。既朝(chao)而(er)即(ji)听(ting)(ting)政(zheng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)将(jiang)也。《烈文》笺云:“新王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)即(ji)政(zheng),必以朝(chao)享(xiang)之(zhi)礼(li)(li)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祖考,告嗣(si)(si)(si)(si)位。”然则除(chu)(chu)(chu)丧(sang)(sang)朝(chao)庙(miao)(miao),亦用(yong)朝(chao)享(xiang)之(zhi)礼(li)(li)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)矣。序不(bu)言(yan)(yan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)者,以作者主述王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)言(yan)(yan),其(qi)意不(bu)在(zai)於(wu)(wu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji),故(gu)(gu)(gu)略而(er)言(yan)(yan)朝(chao),则祭(ji)(ji)(ji)可知(zhi)(zhi)。

闵予小子,遭家不造,嬛嬛在疚。闵,病。造,为。疚,病也。笺云:闵,悼伤之言也。造,犹成也。可悼伤乎,我小子耳。遭武王崩,家道未成,嬛嬛然孤特在忧病之中。
  ○嬛,其倾反,崔(cui)本(ben)(ben)作(zuo)“茕”。疚,本(ben)(ben)又作(zuo)“{宀(mian)久}”,音救(jiu)。

[疏]“闵予小子”。
  ○毛以为,成王将莅政而朝於庙,乃追悼於己过,欲自强於未然,故感伤而言曰:困病乎我小子也,往日遭此家道之不为。言先王既崩,家事无人为之,使己孤特,嬛嬛然在於忧病之中。赖周公代为家事,得致太平。今将自为政,故追述其父。於乎可叹美者,我之君考,谓武王也。此武王之道,长可后世法之,能为孝行。常能念此君祖文王,上事天,下治民,以正直之道而行止。子行父业,是能孝也。皇考以念皇祖,而能同其德行。维我之小子,当早起夜卧,敬慎而行此祖考之道止,言将不敢懈倦也。於乎可叹美者,我文武之君,以有此道德,故我当继其绪业,思其所行,不敢遗忘也。由不敢忘,故夙夜行之。
  ○郑以为,周公未摄之前,成王因朝庙而感伤,言曰:可悼伤乎,我小子耳,今遭此家道之不成。唯此为异。馀同。
  ○传“闵病”至“疚病”。
  ○正义曰:“闵,病。疚,病”,皆《释诂》文。“造,为”,《释言》文。言毛意若在归政之后,则武王崩已多载。今言小子在疚,遭家不为,追述武王初崩之时也。言遭家不为,谓家事无人为之,赖周公为之。已得太平,将欲躬行,故上念父祖,追述此事,为下言发端。故王肃云:“病乎我小子,乃遭家之不为。言先王崩,则家事莫为,徒嬛嬛在忧而病,故周公代为家事,以致太平。”传意或然。
  ○笺“闵悼”至“之中”。
  ○正义曰:闵(min)(min)者(zhe),哀闵(min)(min)之辞,故为悼伤之言。有所造为,终必成(cheng)(cheng)就(jiu),故造犹成(cheng)(cheng)也。人之所行,死则(ze)事废,后(hou)主当更造立,故云“家道未成(cheng)(cheng)”。父在(zai)则(ze)有所依恃,无之则(ze)己身孤(gu)特,故云“嬛(huan)嬛(huan)孤(gu)特在(zai)忧病(bing)(bing)之中”。易传(chuan)者(zhe),以闵(min)(min)疚并(bing)训为病(bing)(bing),於文太重。孙毓云:“传(chuan)以闵(min)(min)为病(bing)(bing),以造训为,虽(sui)义不异,於辞不便(bian)。笺(jian)说(shuo)为长。”

於乎皇考,永世克孝!念兹皇祖,陟降庭止。庭,直也。笺云:兹,此也。陟降,上下也。於乎我君考武王,长世能孝,谓能以孝行为子孙法度,使长见行也。念此君祖文王,上以直道事天,下以直道治民,言无私枉。
  ○上,时掌反(fan),又如字。孝行,下孟反(fan)。

[疏]传“庭,直”。
  ○正义曰:《释诂》文。
  ○笺“兹此”至“私枉”。
  ○正义曰(yue):“兹,此”,《释诂(gu)》文(wen)。又(you)云(yun):“陟(zhi),升也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《释言》云(yun):“降,下也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”故(gu)以(yi)(yi)陟(zhi)降为(wei)上下也(ye)(ye)(ye)。武王(wang)(wang)身为(wei)孝子耳,而云(yun)长世,是(shi)其孝之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)可后世长行,故(gu)知谓(wei)以(yi)(yi)孝行为(wei)子孙法(fa)度,使长见(jian)行之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。文(wen)王(wang)(wang)身为(wei)王(wang)(wang)矣,无(wu)(wu)人得在其上,故(gu)为(wei)上以(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)事天。为(wei)君所(suo)以(yi)(yi)牧民,故(gu)为(wei)下以(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)治民。即与《文(wen)王(wang)(wang)》所(suo)云(yun)“文(wen)王(wang)(wang)陟(zhi)降”一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)“庭止”与“陟(zhi)降”共文(wen),则(ze)二者(zhe)皆用直(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),故(gu)分而属之(zhi)(zhi)。直(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)即不私(si)枉(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei),故(gu)云(yun)“言无(wu)(wu)私(si)枉(wang)”。《论语(yu)》云(yun):“举(ju)直(zhi)(zhi)措诸枉(wang)。”是(shi)枉(wang)者(zhe)不直(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼记》曰(yue):“奉三无(wu)(wu)私(si)。”是(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)无(wu)(wu)私(si)。

维予小子,夙夜敬止。於乎皇王,继序思不忘!序,绪也。笺云:夙,早。敬,慎也。我小子早夜慎行祖考之道,言不敢懈倦也。於乎君王,叹文王、武王也。我继其绪,思其所行不忘也。
  ○解音懈。

[疏]传“序,诸”。
  ○正义曰:《释诂》文。以王世相继,如丝之端绪,故转为绪。
  ○笺“敬慎”至“不忘”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:敬者(zhe)必慎,故言“敬,慎也”。以(yi)上(shang)有皇考(kao)、皇祖(zu),故云“慎行祖(zu)考(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道”。上(shang)文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),言皇考(kao)自念(nian)(nian)皇祖(zu),非成王(wang)念(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此言“继绪思(si)不忘”,宜为继武王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)绪,思(si)不忘武王(wang)耳。而以(yi)为兼念(nian)(nian)文(wen)王(wang)者(zhe),以(yi)成王(wang)美武王(wang)能念(nian)(nian)文(wen)王(wang),明(ming)成王(wang)亦当念(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此文(wen)处末,可以(yi)总(zong)前祖(zu)考(kao),故知兼念(nian)(nian)文(wen)王(wang)也。

《闵予小子(zi)》一章,十一句(ju)。

《访落》,嗣王谋於庙也。谋者,谋政事也。

[疏]“《访落》十二句”。
  ○正义曰:《访落》诗者,嗣(si)王谋於(wu)庙之乐(le)歌也。谓成王既朝庙,而与群臣谋事。诗人述(shu)之而为此(ci)歌焉。

访予落止,率时昭考。於乎悠哉,朕未有艾。将予就之,继犹判涣。访,谋。落,始。时,是。率,循。悠,远。犹,道。判,分。涣,散也。笺云:昭,明。艾,数。犹,图也。成王始即政,自以承圣父之业,惧不能遵其道德,故於庙中与群臣谋我始即政之事。群臣曰:当循是明德之考所施行。故答之以谦曰:於乎远哉,我於是未有数。言远不可及也。女扶将我,就其典法而行之,继续其业,图我所失,分散者收敛之。
  ○艾(ai),五(wu)盖反,徐音刈。判(pan),普半反。涣音奂(huan)。

[疏]“访予落止”。
  ○毛以为,成王始即王政,恐不能继圣父之业,故於庙中与群臣谋事。汝等当谋我始即政之事止。群臣对王曰:当循是明德之考。令效武王所施而为之。王又谦而答之曰:於乎可嗟叹也,此昭考之道悠然至远哉!我去之悬绝,未有等数。言其远不可及,不能循之。汝若将我就之,使我继此先人之业,则先人之道乃分散而去矣。言己之才不足以继之也。维我小子,才智浅短,未任统理国家众难成之事,所以不能循是昭考也。又述昭考之德,言武王能继其父文王,以直道施於上下,又能上下其家之职事。谓治理群臣,使有次序也。美矣,我之君考武王,能以此文王之道,自安尊其身,是昭考德同文王,己不能及,欲令群臣助谋之也。
  ○郑唯“继犹判涣”,谓继续其业,图我所失,分散者而收敛之。未堪家多难,谓年幼未堪。以此为异。馀同。
  ○传“访谋”至“涣散”。
  ○正义曰:“访,谋。落,始。率,循。时,是。悠,远。犹,道”,皆《释诂》文。《春秋》庄三年,“纪季以酅入于齐”。《左传》曰:“纪於是乎始判。”是判为分之义也。涣然是散之意,故为散也。王肃云:“将予就继先人之道业,乃分散而去,言已才不能继。”传意或然。
  ○笺“昭明”至“收敛之”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:《释(shi)诂》云(yun):“昭,光也(ye)(ye)。”光即明义,故(gu)为(wei)明也(ye)(ye)。《释(shi)诂》云(yun):“艾,历也(ye)(ye)。历,数(shu)也(ye)(ye)。”转以(yi)相训,故(gu)艾为(wei)数(shu)。“犹,图”,《释(shi)言》文(wen)。此(ci)篇所述(shu),皆是王(wang)言。独(du)知“率时(shi)昭考(kao)(kao)”一句为(wei)群(qun)臣言者(zhe),以(yi)王(wang)方谋(mou)於(wu)臣,不得自言率考(kao)(kao)。且“於(wu)乎(hu)悠哉,朕未有艾”,是报答“率时(shi)昭考(kao)(kao)”之言。序云(yun)“谋(mou)於(wu)庙(miao)”,明此(ci)句是臣为(wei)君谋(mou)也(ye)(ye)。率时(shi)昭考(kao)(kao),犹曰仪刑文(wen)王(wang),欲(yu)令法(fa)(fa)效之也(ye)(ye)。就其典法(fa)(fa)而行之,谓就昭考(kao)(kao)之法(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)。图我所失(shi),分散(san)者(zhe),谓己不能行,分张散(san)失(shi)者(zhe),欲(yu)令群(qun)臣图谋(mou)而收敛聚(ju)之,以(yi)助己也(ye)(ye)。易传者(zhe),以(yi)谋(mou)於(wu)群(qun)臣,当(dang)是求臣之助,不宜过自谦退,言己不堪继续,故(gu)易之。

维予小子,未堪家多难。笺云:多,众也。我小子耳,未任统理国家众难成之事,心有任贤待年长大之志。难成之事,谓诸政有业未平者。
  ○难(nan)如字,协韵乃旦(dan)反。任音壬(ren)。下二篇注皆同。长,张丈反。

[疏]笺“多众”至“未平者”。
  ○正义曰:“多,众”,《释诂(gu)》文(wen)。此(ci)“未(wei)堪家多难(nan)”,文(wen)与(yu)《小毖》正同。但(dan)(dan)郑以此(ci)篇在居摄之(zhi)(zhi)前,《小毖》在致政之(zhi)(zhi)后。下笺云:“谓(wei)使周公(gong)居摄时。”与(yu)此(ci)异者,各准时事而为(wei)说,故不同也(ye)。又重解难(nan)成之(zhi)(zhi)事,谓(wei)诸政教已(yi)有,基业未(wei)得(de)平(ping)。平(ping)亦成也(ye)。谓(wei)若(ruo)制礼(li)作乐、营洛之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),於(wu)时未(wei)成也(ye)。此(ci)经虽无传,但(dan)(dan)毛以此(ci)篇为(wei)致政之(zhi)(zhi)后,不得(de)言年幼而未(wei)堪也(ye)。当自(zi)谓(wei)才智浅(qian)短而未(wei)堪耳。言未(wei)者,言己(ji)得(de)臣之(zhi)(zhi)助则(ze)堪之(zhi)(zhi),故以无助为(wei)未(wei)堪也(ye)。

绍庭上下,陟降厥家。休矣皇考,以保明其身。笺云:绍,继也。厥家,谓群臣也。继文王陟降庭止之道,上下群臣之职以次序者,美矣,我君考武王,能以此道尊安其身。谓定天下,居天子之位。
  ○休,许虬反(fan)。

[疏]笺“绍继”至“之位”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:“绍,继”,《释诂(gu)》文(wen)(wen)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大夫称家,其家谓(wei)其群(qun)臣之(zhi)(zhi)家,故知谓(wei)群(qun)臣也(ye)。上(shang)言(yan)昭(zhao)考(kao)(kao),此(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)皇考(kao)(kao),皆(jie)斥武(wu)王(wang)也(ye)。武(wu)王(wang)所(suo)(suo)继者,文(wen)(wen)王(wang)耳,故知继文(wen)(wen)王(wang)陟降庭(ting)止之(zhi)(zhi)道。上(shang)篇“陟降庭(ting)止”与此(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)相协,故全引而(er)说之(zhi)(zhi)。上(shang)云(yun)(yun)“念兹皇祖”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)“绍庭(ting)上(shang)下(xia)”,文(wen)(wen)义正(zheng)同,弥似一人之(zhi)(zhi)作。上(shang)下(xia)群(qun)臣之(zhi)(zhi)职以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次序(xu)者,谓(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)德诏爵,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功诏禄,随才任之(zhi)(zhi),不失次序(xu)也(ye)。言(yan)尊安其身(shen),则以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“保”为“安”,“明”为“尊”。《礼运》云(yun)(yun):“君者所(suo)(suo)明。”注云(yun)(yun):“明犹尊也(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)道尊安其身(shen),谓(wei)用(yong)此(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)道,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定天(tian)下(xia),居天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)位,是(shi)安而(er)且尊也(ye)。言(yan)此(ci)(ci)(ci)者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)武(wu)王(wang)美道如是(shi),己欲谋而(er)行之(zhi)(zhi),故以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)事告(gao)群(qun)臣令,为己谋之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。

《访(fang)落》一(yi)章,十二句。

《敬之》,群臣进戒嗣王也。
  ○“敬之(zhi)”,一本无“之(zhi)”字。

[疏]“《敬之》十二句”。
  ○正义曰:《敬(jing)之》诗(shi)者,群(qun)臣(chen)进戒嗣王之乐歌(ge)也。谓成王朝(chao)庙(miao),与群(qun)臣(chen)谋(mou)事,群(qun)臣(chen)因在庙(miao)而(er)进戒嗣王。诗(shi)人述其事,而(er)作(zuo)此歌(ge)焉。

敬之敬之,天维显思,命不易哉!无曰高高在上,陟降厥士,日监在兹。显,见。士,事也。笺云:显,光。监,视也。群臣见王谋即政之事,故因时戒之曰:敬之哉,敬之哉,天乃光明,去恶与善,其命吉凶,不变易也。无谓天高又高在上,远人,而不畏也。天上下其事,谓转运日月,施其所行,日日瞻视,近在此也。
  ○易(yi),郑音(yin)亦,王以豉反。见,贤遍反。远(yuan),于万反。上(shang),时(shi)掌反。

[疏]“敬之敬之”。
  ○毛以为,成王既谋於庙,群臣进而戒之曰:王当敬其事而行之。敬其事而行之,天之临下,乃光明显见,去恶与善,其命吉凶,不变易哉。王无得称曰:此天乃高而又高在上,以为不见人之善恶而不畏。天乃升降以行其事,谓转运日月,照临四方,日日视人,其神近在於此,不为远也。王既承其戒,答之以谦曰:维我小子,不聪达於此敬之之意。言己心不能达,将欲以渐学之,令日有所成就,月有所可行。且欲学作有光明之事,於彼光明之人,谓贤中之贤,乃从之学。又大是相克胜之道。汝等群臣,当示导我以显明之德行。是王求戒之言也。
  ○郑唯“佛时仔肩”一句别,义具在笺。
  ○传“显,见。士,事”。
  ○正义曰:“显,见”,《释诂》文。士,察也。狱官谓之士者,言其能察理众事,是士为事之义也。
  ○笺“显光”至“在此”。
  ○正义曰:“显,光(guang)(guang)。监(jian),视”,《释诂》文。以此承(cheng)上篇,事(shi)(shi)相首尾,故言(yan)(yan)群臣见(jian)王(wang)谋(mou)即(ji)政之(zhi)事(shi)(shi),故因(yin)时戒(jie)之(zhi)。天乃(nai)光(guang)(guang)明,去恶与善(shan),谓(wei)天道去恶人(ren),与善(shan)人(ren),其(qi)事(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)明,不暗(an)昧也。其(qi)吉凶不可(ke)变(bian)易(yi),谓(wei)善(shan)则予(yu)之(zhi)吉,恶则加之(zhi)凶,此事(shi)(shi)一(yi)定(ding),终(zhong)不变(bian)易(yi),言(yan)(yan)天之(zhi)可(ke)畏也。天高又高在(zai)(zai)上,言(yan)(yan)远(yuan)人(ren)之(zhi)意。勿以天为(wei)极高,谓(wei)其(qi)不见(jian)人(ren)之(zhi)善(shan)恶,而不畏之(zhi)。言(yan)(yan)天上下(xia)其(qi)事(shi)(shi),谓(wei)以日月行於昼夜,自(zi)上至下(xia)照知其(qi)事(shi)(shi),故云转运(yun)日月,施其(qi)所行,日日瞻视,其(qi)神近在(zai)(zai)於此,故须敬也。天神察物,不必以日月而知,以人(ren)事(shi)(shi)所见(jian),举验者(zhe)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)。定(ding)本注云:“无谓(wei)天高又高在(zai)(zai)上。”

维予小子,不聪敬止。日就月将,学有缉熙于光明。佛时仔肩,示我显德行。小子,嗣王也。将,行也。光,广也。佛,大也。仔肩,克也。笺云:缉熙,光明也。佛,辅也。时,是也。仔肩,任也。群臣戒成王以“敬之敬之”,故承之以谦云:我小子耳,不聪达於敬之之意。日就月行,言当习之以积渐也。且欲学於有光明之光明者,谓贤中之贤也。辅佛是任,示道我以显明之德行。是时自知未能成文、武之功,周公始有居摄之志。
  ○佛,毛(mao)符弗反,郑音(yin)弼(bi)。仔音(yin)兹,毛(mao)云:“仔肩,克(ke)也(ye)(ye)。”此二(er)字共训。郑亦(yi)同(tong)训此二(er)字,云:“仔肩,任也(ye)(ye)。”肩,古贤(xian)反。德行,下孟反。注同(tong)。浸,子鸩反。道音(yin)导。

[疏]传“小子”至“肩克”。
  ○正义曰:上二篇亦有小子,於是始解者,举下以明上。《释言》云:“将,送也。”孙炎曰:“将行之送。”是将亦行之义,故为行也。以光之照耀,所及广远,故以光为广。佛之为大,其义未闻。《释诂》云:“肩,克也。”直以肩为克耳。传言“仔肩,克也”,则二字共训为克,犹“权舆”之为“始”。笺亦云:“仔肩,任也。”虽所训不同,亦二字共义。
  ○笺“缉熙”至“之志”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:《释诂》云(yun):“缉熙,光(guang)也(ye)。”故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)光(guang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)。郑读佛为(wei)(wei)辅弼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弼。“时,是(shi)”,《释诂》文。《释诂》云(yun):“肩,胜也(ye)。”即堪(kan)任(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)任(ren)(ren)也(ye)。敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),止谓恭敬其事(shi)而(er)已(yi)。言不(bu)(bu)聪达者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),敬虽由(you)己,随事(shi)而(er)生,事(shi)有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi),无(wu)所(suo)施敬。言不(bu)(bu)聪达,其意(yi)(yi)也(ye)。日就,谓学之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使每(mei)日有(you)(you)成就。月将(jiang),谓至於(wu)一月,则有(you)(you)可行,言当(dang)(dang)习之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)积渐(jian)也(ye)。定本、《集注》“渐(jian)”作(zuo)(zuo)“浸”。王(wang)(wang)(wang)身(shen)(shen)当(dang)(dang)理政事(shi),而(er)言学有(you)(you)光(guang)明(ming)(ming)(ming),是(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)意(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)己不(bu)(bu)达於(wu)政,未能(neng)即任(ren)(ren)其事(shi),且欲(yu)学作(zuo)(zuo)有(you)(you)光(guang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)於(wu)彼光(guang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,谓选择贤(xian)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤(xian),乃(nai)(nai)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学。以(yi)(yi)贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)必有(you)(you)光(guang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)光(guang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)表贤(xian)也(ye)。身(shen)(shen)方(fang)学之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),未堪(kan)为(wei)(wei)政,故(gu)(gu)辅弼是(shi)任(ren)(ren),示导我以(yi)(yi)显明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)行,欲(yu)使辅弼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人示语己也(ye)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)既谦虚如是(shi),是(shi)自(zi)(zi)知(zhi)(zhi)未能(neng)成文、武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)於(wu)是(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,始有(you)(you)居摄(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)。知(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)若(ruo)已(yi)居摄(she)(she)(she),则王(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)得朝庙谋政,明(ming)(ming)(ming)於(wu)此时未摄(she)(she)(she)政也(ye)。周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摄(she)(she)(she),必当(dang)(dang)有(you)(you)因(yin)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)自(zi)(zi)知(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)堪(kan),思任(ren)(ren)辅弼,周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi),宜因(yin)此兴,故(gu)(gu)於(wu)是(shi)乃(nai)(nai)有(you)(you)摄(she)(she)(she)意(yi)(yi)也(ye)。若(ruo)然,成王(wang)(wang)(wang)本欲(yu)任(ren)(ren)贤(xian),周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)摄(she)(she)(she)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)管、蔡流言,复为(wei)(wei)疑(yi)(yi)惑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),成王(wang)(wang)(wang)本欲(yu)身(shen)(shen)自(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),委(wei)任(ren)(ren)贤(xian)臣(chen),及周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)居摄(she)(she)(she),乃(nai)(nai)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。人臣(chen)而(er)代(dai)天子(zi),旷世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)罕闻。成王(wang)(wang)(wang)既幼,复为(wei)(wei)管、蔡所(suo)惑,故(gu)(gu)致疑(yi)(yi)也(ye)。周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)臣(chen)辅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),必摄(she)(she)(she)其政者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)使为(wei)(wei)臣(chen)奉(feng)上,每(mei)事(shi)禀承,虽可以(yi)(yi)尽心,而(er)不(bu)(bu)得行意(yi)(yi),欲(yu)制礼(li)作(zuo)(zuo)乐,非摄(she)(she)(she)不(bu)(bu)可,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)得已(yi)而(er)居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。《中庸》曰:“非天子(zi)不(bu)(bu)议(yi)礼(li),不(bu)(bu)制度,不(bu)(bu)考文。”又曰:“虽有(you)(you)其德(de),苟无(wu)其位,不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)作(zuo)(zuo)礼(li)乐焉。”周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摄(she)(she)(she)王(wang)(wang)(wang)政,其意(yi)(yi)在於(wu)此也(ye)。

《敬(jing)之》一(yi)章,十二句。

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