爱上海

卷二十一 礼运第九

　　陆(lu)曰：“郑云《礼运》者(zhe)，以其记(ji)五帝茸荃相变易及阴(yin)阳转旋(xuan)之(zhi)道(dao)。”

[疏]正义曰：按郑《目(mu)录》云(yun)：“名曰《礼(li)运》者，以(yi)(yi)其记五帝茸荃相变易(yi)、阴阳转(zhuan)旋之道(dao)，此(ci)於(wu)《别录》属《通论(lun)》。”不(bu)以(yi)(yi)子(zi)游(you)为(wei)篇(pian)目(mu)者，以(yi)(yi)曾子(zi)所(suo)问，事类既烦杂，不(bu)可以(yi)(yi)一理目(mu)篇(pian)；子(zi)游(you)所(suo)问唯论(lun)礼(li)之运转(zhuan)之事，故(gu)以(yi)(yi)《礼(li)运》为(wei)标目(mu)耳。

昔者仲尼与於蜡宾，蜡者，索也，岁十二月合聚万物而索飨之，亦祭宗庙，时孔子仕鲁，在助祭之中。
　　○与音预。蜡，仕嫁反，祭名。夏曰“清祀”，殷曰“嘉平”，周曰“蜡”，秦曰“蜡”，《字林》作礻昔。索，所百反，事毕，出游於观之上，喟然而叹。观，阙也。孔子见鲁君於祭礼有不备，於此又睹象魏旧章之处，感而叹之。
　　○观，古乱反，注同。喟，去位反，又苦怪反，《说文》云：“大息。”处，昌虑反，下“同处”同。仲尼之叹，盖叹鲁也。言偃在侧，曰：“君子何叹？”言偃，孔子弟子子游。孔子曰：“大道之行也，与三代之英，丘末之逮也，而有志焉。”大道，谓五帝时也。英，俊选之尤者。逮，及也，言不及见。志，谓识古文。不言鲁事，为其大切广言之。
　　○逮(dai)音代(dai)，一音代(dai)计反。选，宣面(mian)反，下文(wen)皆同(tong)。为，于伪反，下文(wen)“为巳”皆同(tong)。

[疏]“昔者”至“而叹”。
　　○正义曰：皇氏云：“从‘昔者仲尼’以下至於篇末，此为四段。自初至“是谓小康”为第一，明孔子为礼不行而致发叹。发叹所以最初者，凡说事必须因渐，故先发叹，后使弟子因而怪问，则因问以答也。又自‘言偃复问曰：如此乎礼之急’至‘天下国家，可得而正也’为第二，明须礼之急。前所叹之意，正在礼急，故以礼急次之也。又自‘言偃复问曰：夫子之极言礼也’至‘此礼之大成也’为第三，明礼之所起。前既言礼急，急则宜知所起之义也。又自‘孔子曰：呜呼哀哉’讫篇末为第四，更正明孔子叹意也。以前始发，未得自言叹意，而言偃有问，即随问而答，答事既毕，故更备述所怀也。”今此第一段明孔子发叹，遂论五帝茸荃道德优劣之事，各随文解之。
　　○“昔者仲尼与於蜡宾”者，谓仲尼与於蜡祭之宾也。“事毕”者，谓蜡祭毕了。
　　○“出游於观之上”者，谓出庙门，往雉门。雉门有两观。皇氏云：“登游於观之上。”熊氏云：“谓游目看於观之上。”“喟然而叹”者，“喟”是叹之形貌，言口辅喟然而为叹也。
　　○注“蜡者”至“之中”。
　　○正义曰：“蜡者，索也。岁十二月合聚万物而索飨之”者，《郊特牲》文。十二月者，据周言之，若以夏正言之，则十月，以殷言之，则十一月，谓建亥之月也。以万物功成报之。云“亦祭宗庙”者，以《月令·孟冬》云“祈来年于天宗，大割祠于公社，及门闾，腊先祖五祀”，以腊先祖，故云“亦祭宗庙”，总而言之谓之为蜡。若析而言之，祭百神曰“蜡”，祭宗庙曰“息民”，故郑注《郊特牲》云：“息民与蜡异。”此据总而言之，故祭宗庙而云“与於蜡宾”也。《广雅》云“夏曰清祀”，以清絜祭祀；“殷曰嘉平”，嘉，善也，平，成也，以岁终万物善成，就而报功。其蜡与腊名，巳具於上，知此蜡是祭宗庙者，以下云“出游於观之上”，故知是祭宗庙也。云“时孔子仕鲁，在助祭之中”者，以其与蜡祭，故知仕鲁也。鲁臣而称宾者，以祭祀欲以宾客为荣，故虽臣亦称宾也。
　　○注“观阙”至“叹之”。
　　○正义曰：《尔雅·释宫》云：“观谓之阙。”孙炎云：“宫门双阙者，旧县法象，使民观之处，因谓之阙。”熊氏云：“当门阙处，以通行路。既言双阙，明是门之两旁相对为双。”熊氏得焉。《白虎通》云：“阙是阙疑。”义亦相兼。案何休注《公羊》：“天子两观外阙，诸侯台门。”则诸侯不得有阙。鲁有阙者，鲁以天子之礼，故得有之也。《公羊传》云“设两观，乘大路，此皆天子之礼”是也。案定二年，雉门灾及两观，鲁之宗庙在雉门外左，孔子出庙门而来至雉门游於观。此观又名象魏，以其县法象魏。巍也，其处巍巍高大，故哀三年桓宫灾，“季桓子至，御公立于象魏之外，命藏象魏曰：旧章不可亡也”。熊氏云：“天子藏旧章於明堂，诸侯藏於祖庙。”知者，以天子视朔于明堂，诸侯於祖庙故也。《穀梁传》云：“天子班告朔于诸侯，诸侯受乎祢庙。”非郑义也。云“感而叹之”者，一感鲁君之失礼，二感旧章废弃，故为叹也。
　　○“仲尼”至“何叹”。
　　○作《记》者言其所叹之由，又言其所叹之事，故云“仲尼之叹，盖叹鲁也”。言“盖”者，谦为疑辞，不即指正也。於时言偃在侧，而问之曰：“君子何叹？”言叹恨何事。不云“孔子”而云“君子”者，以《论语》云“君子坦荡荡”，不应有叹也，故云“君子何叹”。
　　○注“言偃”至“子游”。
　　○正义曰：案《仲尼弟子传》云：“姓言名偃，字子游，鲁人也。”
　　○“孔子”至“志焉”。
　　○孔子既见子游所问，若指言鲁失礼，恐其大切，故广言五帝以下及茸荃盛衰之事。此一经孔子自序，虽不及见前代而有志记之书，披览可知。自“大道之行”至“是谓大同”，论五帝之善。自“大道既隐”至“是谓小康”，论茸荃之后。今此经云“大道之行也”，谓广大道德之行，五帝时也。
　　○“与三代之英”者，“英”谓英异，并与夏殷周三代英异之主，若禹汤文武等。
　　○“丘未之逮也”者，未，犹不也。逮，犹及也。言生於周衰，身不及见上代，不能备知。虽然不见大道三代之事，而有志记之书焉，披览此书，尚可知於前代也。
　　○注“大道”至“言之”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：以下(xia)云禹(yu)汤(tang)(tang)(tang)文(wen)武(wu)成王周(zhou)公，此大道在禹(yu)汤(tang)(tang)(tang)之前，故为(wei)五帝(di)时也。云“英(ying)(ying)，俊(jun)(jun)选(xuan)(xuan)之尤”者，案《辨名(ming)记》云：“倍(bei)(bei)人(ren)曰茂，十人(ren)曰选(xuan)(xuan)，倍(bei)(bei)选(xuan)(xuan)曰俊(jun)(jun)，千人(ren)曰英(ying)(ying)，倍(bei)(bei)英(ying)(ying)曰贤，万(wan)人(ren)曰杰，倍(bei)(bei)杰曰圣。”《毛诗传(chuan)》又(you)云：“万(wan)人(ren)为(wei)英(ying)(ying)。”是(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)皆(jie)多(duo)於俊(jun)(jun)选(xuan)(xuan)，是(shi)(shi)俊(jun)(jun)选(xuan)(xuan)之尤异(yi)者。即禹(yu)汤(tang)(tang)(tang)文(wen)武(wu)茸荃之中俊(jun)(jun)异(yi)者。云“志(zhi)，谓识古文(wen)”者，“志(zhi)”是(shi)(shi)记识之名(ming)，“古文(wen)”是(shi)(shi)古代之文(wen)籍，故《周(zhou)礼》云：“掌四方之志(zhi)。”《春秋》云：“其善志(zhi)。”皆(jie)志(zhi)记之书也。

“大道之行也，天下为公，选贤与能，讲信脩睦。公犹共也。禅位授圣，不家之。睦，亲也。
　　○禅，善面反。故人不独亲其亲，不独子其子。孝慈之道广也。使老有所终，壮有所用，幼有所长，矜寡孤独废疾者，皆有所养。无匮乏也。
　　○长，丁丈反。矜，古顽反。匮，其魏反。男有分，分，犹职也。
　　○分，扶问反。注同。女有归，皆得良奥之家。
　　○奥，乌报反。货恶其弃於地也，不必藏於己，力恶其不出於身也，不必为己。劳事不惮，施无吝心，仁厚之教也。
　　○恶，乌故反(fan)，下(xia)同(tong)(tong)。惮，大(da)旦反(fan)。吝，力刃反(fan)，又力觐反(fan)。是故谋闭而不(bu)兴(xing)，盗窃(qie)乱贼而不(bu)作。尚辞让之(zhi)故也(ye)。故外户而不(bu)闭，御(yu)风(feng)气而已。是谓(wei)大(da)同(tong)(tong)。”同(tong)(tong)，犹和也(ye)，平(ping)也(ye)。

[疏]“大道”至“大同”。
　　○正义曰：既云见其遗记，此以下说记中之事，故此先明五帝时也。
　　○“天下为公”，谓天子位也。为公，谓揖让而授圣德，不私传子孙，即废朱均而用舜禹是也。
　　○“选贤与能”者，曏明不私传天位，此明不世诸侯也，国不传世，唯选贤与能也，黜四凶、举十六相之类是也。郑注《乡大夫》云：“贤者，有德行者；能者，有道艺者。”四凶：共工、驩兜、鲧、三苗。十六相，八元谓伯奋、仲堪、叔献、季仲、伯虎、仲熊、叔豹、季貍，八恺谓苍舒、隤岂攵、梼戭、大临、尨降、庭坚、仲容、叔达也。
　　○“讲信脩睦”者，讲，谈说也。信，不欺也。脩，习。睦，亲也。世淳无欺，谈说辄有信也。故哀公问周丰云“有虞氏未施信於民，而民信之”是也。又凡所行习，皆亲睦也，故《孝经》云“民用和睦”是也。
　　○“故人不独亲其亲，不独子其子”者，君既无私，言信行睦，故人法之，而不独亲己亲，不独子已子。使老有所终者，既四海如一，无所独亲，故天下之老者皆得赡养，终其馀年也。
　　○“壮有所用”者，壮，谓年齿盛壮者也。所用，谓不爱其力以奉老幼也。亦重任分轻任并，班白者不提挈是也。
　　○“幼有所长”者，无所独子，故天下之幼，皆获养长以成人也。
　　○“矜寡孤独废疾者，皆有所养”者，壮不爱力，故四者无告及有疾者，皆获恤养也。
　　○“男有分”者，分，职也。无才者耕，有能者仕，各当其职，无失分也。
　　○“女有归”者，女谓嫁为归。君上有道，不为失时，故有归也。若失时者，则《诗》卫女淫奔，“期我乎桑中，要我乎上宫”，是失时也。故注云：“皆得良奥之家。”
　　○“货恶其弃於地也，不必藏於已”者，货，谓财货也。既天下共之，不独藏府库，但若人不收录，弃掷山林，则物坏世穷，无所资用，故各收宝而藏之。是恶弃地耳，非是藏之为巳，有乏者便与也。
　　○“力恶其不出於身也，不必为巳”者，力，谓为事用力。言凡所事，不惮劬劳，而各竭筋力者，正是恶於相欺，惜力不出於身耳。非是欲自营赡。故云“不必为巳”也。
　　○“是故谋闭而不兴”者，兴，起也。夫谋之所起，本为鄙诈。今既天下一心，如亲如子，故图谋之事，闭塞而不起也。“盗窃乱贼而不作”者，有乏辄与，则盗窃焉施？有能必位，则乱贼何起作也？
　　○“故外户而不闭”者，扉从外阖也。不闭者，不用关闭之也，重门击柝，本御暴客。既无盗窃乱贼，则户无俟於闭也，但为风尘入寝，故设扉耳。无所捍拒，故从外而掩也。
　　○“是谓大同”者，率土皆然，故曰“大同”。
　　○注“禅位”至“亲也”。
　　○正义曰：“禅位授圣”，谓尧授舜也。不家之者，谓不以天位为己家之有授子也。天位尚不为己有，诸侯公卿大夫之位灼然与天下共之，故选贤与能也。己子不才，可舍子立他人之子，则废朱均而禅舜禹是也。然巳亲不贤，岂可废已亲而事他人之亲？但位是天位，子是卑下，可以舍子立他人之子。亲是尊高，未必有位，无容废已之亲，而事他亲。但事他亲有德，与已亲同也。案《祭法》：“有虞氏禘黄帝而郊喾，祖颛顼而宗尧。”配天事重，不以瞽叟为祖宗。此亦不独亲之义也。
　　○注“劳事”至“教也”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：以经(jing)云(yun)(yun)“力恶(e)其(qi)不出(chu)於身”，欲得身出(chu)气力，是(shi)劳(lao)事无(wu)惮也。惮，难(nan)(nan)也。谓(wei)不难(nan)(nan)劳(lao)事。云(yun)(yun)“施(shi)无(wu)吝心”者(zhe)，经(jing)云(yun)(yun)“不必藏於已”，财货欲得施(shi)散(san)，是(shi)无(wu)吝留之心。先释(shi)“力”，然后(hou)释(shi)“财”，便文(wen)，无(wu)义(yi)例也。

“今大道既隐，隐，犹去也。天下为家。传位於子。
　　○传，丈专反。各亲其亲，各子其子，货力为已。俗狭啬。
　　○狭音洽。啬音色。大人世及以为礼，城郭沟池以为固。乱贼繁多，为此以服之也。大人，诸侯也。礼义以为纪，以正君臣，以笃父子，以睦兄弟，以和夫妇，以设制度，以立田里，以贤勇知，以功为巳。故谋用是作，而兵由此起。以其违大道敦朴之本也。教令之稠，其弊则然。《老子》曰：“法令滋章，盗贼多有。”
　　○知音智。朴，普角反。稠，直由反。禹、汤、文、武、成王、周公，由此其选也。由，用也，能用礼义以成治。
　　○治，直吏反。此六君子者，未有不谨於礼者也。以著其义，以考其信，著有过，刑仁、讲让，示民有常。考，成也。刑，犹则也。如有不由此者，在埶者去，众以为殃。埶，埶位也。去，罪退之也。殃，犹祸恶也。
　　○埶音世，本亦作势。去，羌吕反(fan)。注同(tong)。是谓小(xiao)康。”康，安(an)也(ye)。大道之人以礼，於(wu)忠信为(wei)薄(bo)，言小(xiao)安(an)者失之，则(ze)贼(zei)乱将作矣。

[疏]“今大”至“小康”。
　　○正义曰：前明五帝已竟，此明三代俊英之事。孔子生及三代之末，故称今也。隐，去也。干戈攻伐，各私其亲，是大道去也。
　　○“天下为家”者，父传天位与子，是用天下为家也，禹为其始也。
　　○“各亲其亲，各子其子”者，君以天位为家，故四海各亲亲而子子也。
　　○“货力为已”者，藏货为身，出力赡已。
　　○“大人世及以为礼”者，大人，谓诸侯也。世及，诸侯传位自与家也。父子曰世，兄弟曰及，谓父传与子，无子则兄传与弟也，以此为礼也。然五帝犹行德不以为礼，三王行为礼之礼，故五帝不言礼，而三王云“以为礼”也。“城郭沟池以为固”者，城，内城。郭，外城也。沟池，城之巉。既私位独传，则更相争夺，所以为此城郭沟池，以自卫固也。
　　○“礼义以为纪”者，纪，纲纪也。五帝以大道为纪，而茸荃则用礼义为纪也。
　　○“以正君臣，以笃父子，以睦兄弟，以和夫妇”者，缘此诸事有失，故并用礼义，为此以下诸事之纪也。君臣义合，故曰“正”。父子天然，故云“笃”。笃，厚也。兄弟同气，故言“睦”。夫妇异姓，故言和，谓亲迎合卺之事。
　　○“以设制度”者，又用礼义设为宫室、衣服、车旗、饮食、上下、贵贱，各有多少之制度也。
　　○“以立田里”者，田，种穀稼之所。里，居宅之地，贵贱异品。
　　○“以贤勇知”者，贤，犹崇重也。既盗贼并作，故须勇也。
　　○更相欺妄，故须知也。所以勇知之士，皆被崇重也。
　　○“以功为已”者，立功起事，不为他人也。
　　○“故谋用是作，而兵由此起”者，故奸诈之谋，用是货力为已而兴作，而战争之兵，由此货力为已而发起。“禹、汤、文、武、成王、周公，由此其选也”者，以其时谋作兵起，递相争战，禹汤等能以礼义成治，故云“由此其选”。由，用也。此，谓礼义也。用此礼义教化，其为三王中之英选也。“此六君子者，未有不谨於礼者也”，言此圣贤六人，皆谨慎於礼，以行下五事也。
　　○“以著其义”者，此以下皆谨礼之事也。著，明也。义，宜也。民有失所，则用礼义截断之，使得其宜也。
　　○“以考其信”，考，成也。民有相欺，则用礼成之使信也。“著有过”者，著，亦明也。过，罪也。民有罪则用礼以照明之也。
　　○“刑仁”者，刑，则也。民有仁者，用礼赏之，以为则也。
　　○“讲让”者，民有争夺者，用礼与民讲说之，使推让也。
　　○“示民有常”者，以礼行上五德，是示见民下为常法也。然此五德，即仁、义、礼、知、信也。能明有罪是知也，能讲推让即是礼也。
　　○“如有不由此者，在埶者去，众以为殃”者，由，用也。去，罪退之。殃，祸恶也。若为君而不用上谨於礼以下五事者，虽在富贵埶位，而众人必以为祸恶，共以罪黜退之。
　　○“是谓小康”者，康，安也。行礼自卫，乃得不去埶位，及不为众所殃，而比大道为劣，故曰“小安”也。
　　○注“大人，诸侯也”。
　　○正义曰：上既云“天下为家”，是天子之治天下也。以“大人世及而为礼”，明大人非天子，又云“世”，及复非卿大夫，故以为诸侯。凡文各有所对，《易·革卦》“大人虎变”，对“君子豹变”，故大人为天子。《士相见礼》云：“与大人言，言事君。”对士文。云“事君”，故以大人为卿大夫。
　　○注“教令之稠，其弊则然”。
　　○正义曰：以三(san)(san)(san)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)，教(jiao)令稠数，徵责繁多，在下不(bu)堪(kan)其弊，则(ze)致如此(ci)。然(ran)，谓(wei)谋作(zuo)兵(bing)(bing)起(qi)也(ye)。案《史记》“黄帝与(yu)蚩尤战(zhan)于涿鹿之(zhi)(zhi)野”，《尚书》舜征有(you)苗，则(ze)五(wu)帝有(you)兵(bing)(bing)。今此(ci)三(san)(san)(san)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)，而云“兵(bing)(bing)由此(ci)起(qi)”者，兵(bing)(bing)设久矣(yi)，但上(shang)代之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)用之(zhi)(zhi)希少(shao)，时(shi)(shi)有(you)所(suo)用，故虽用而不(bu)言(yan)也(ye)。三(san)(san)(san)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)，每(mei)事须兵(bing)(bing)，兵(bing)(bing)起(qi)烦(fan)数，故云“兵(bing)(bing)犹(you)此(ci)起(qi)”也(ye)。

言偃复问曰：“如此乎礼之急也？”孔子曰：“夫礼，先王以承天之道，以治人之情，故失之者死，得之者生。《诗》曰：‘相鼠有体，人而无礼。人而无礼，胡不遄死？’相，视也。遄，疾也。言鼠之有身体，如人而无礼者矣。人之无礼，可憎贱如鼠，不如疾死之愈。
　　○复，扶又反，下“复问”同。相，息亮反，注同。遄，巿专反。是故夫礼必本於天，殽於地，列於鬼神。圣人则天之明，因地之利，取法度於鬼神以制礼，下教令也。既又祀之，尽其敬也，教民严上也。鬼者，精魂所归，神者，引物而出，谓祖庙山川五祀之属也。
　　○殽，户教反，法也，徐户交反。达於丧、祭、射、御、冠、昏、朝、聘。民知严上，则此礼达於下也。
　　○冠，古乱反。朝，直遥反。故圣人以礼示之，故天下国家可得而正也。”民知礼则易教。
　　○易，以豉反。

[疏]“言偃”至“正也”。
　　○正义曰：言偃既见夫子所云三王得礼则兴，失礼则亡，故云“礼之急”也。故孔子乃答以礼所用，既上以承天之道，下以治民之情，不云“承地”者，承天则承地可知。
　　○“故失之者死”者，言失礼则死，若桀纣也。
　　○“得之者生”者，若禹汤也。引《诗·鄘风》者，证人若无礼，不如速死。此《诗》卫文公以礼化其臣子，臣子无礼之人。相，视也。视鼠有其形体，人亦有其形体，鼠无礼故贱，人有礼故贵。若人而无礼，何异於鼠？鼠之无礼，不能损害。人之无礼，伤害更多，故云“胡不遄死”。胡，何也。遄，疾也。何不疾死，无所侵害。既言无礼则死，又言礼之所起，其本尊大，故云“夫礼必本於天”，言圣人制礼，必则於天。礼从天出，故云“必本於天”。非但本於天，又殽於地。殽，效也。言圣人制礼，又效於地，天远故言本，地近故言效。
　　○“列於鬼神”，言圣人制礼，布列效法於鬼神，谓法於鬼神以制礼。圣人既法天地鬼神以制礼，本谓制礼以教民，故祀天禋地，享宗庙，祭山川，一则报其礼之所来之功，二则教民报上之义。
　　○“达於丧、祭、射、御、冠、昏、朝、聘”者，民既知严上之义，晓达丧礼，丧有君亲，知严上则哀其君亲，是晓达丧礼也。祭是享祀君亲，既知严上则达於祭也。射、御是防御供御尊者，人知严上，则达於射御。冠有著代之义，昏有代亲之感，人知严上，则达冠昏矣。朝是君之敬上，聘是臣之事君，民知严上则达於朝聘，在下既晓於此八者之礼，无教不从。“故圣人以礼示之，故天下国家可得而正也”者，天下，谓天子。国，谓诸侯。家，谓卿大夫。下既从教，不复为邪，故得而正也。
　　○注“圣人”至“属也”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：“则(ze)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明，因地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利”，昭二十五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)年《左传(chuan)》文(wen)。“则(ze)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明”者，彼传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)“为(wei)昏(hun)媾姻(yin)亚(ya)”。杜预(yu)云(yun)(yun)：“若(ruo)众星之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)共(gong)辰极也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”犹昏(hun)媾姻(yin)亚(ya)，系於(wu)家人。云(yun)(yun)“因地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利”者，彼传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)：“为(wei)君臣上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，以则(ze)地(di)(di)义(yi)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“取(qu)法(fa)(fa)度(du)於(wu)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)”者，下(xia)(xia)(xia)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)“降于祖庙(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)仁义(yi)”，谓(wei)教(jiao)令(ling)(ling)由於(wu)祖庙(miao)(miao)出(chu)(chu)者，谓(wei)取(qu)仁於(wu)祢(mi)，取(qu)义(yi)於(wu)祖，是(shi)取(qu)仁义(yi)法(fa)(fa)度(du)於(wu)祖祢(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)“降於(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)作(zuo)”，谓(wei)教(jiao)令(ling)(ling)由山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)者，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)有(you)草(cao)木(mu)鸟兽，可以兴(xing)(xing)(xing)作(zuo)器物(wu)(wu)，是(shi)取(qu)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)作(zuo)於(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)“降於(wu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)”，谓(wei)教(jiao)令(ling)(ling)由於(wu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)下(xia)(xia)(xia)者，此五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，始谓(wei)中霤、门、户、灶、行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)。后(hou)王(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)礼，取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以为(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，是(shi)取(qu)法(fa)(fa)度(du)於(wu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)文(wen)又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“必(bi)本於(wu)天(tian)，殽(yao)於(wu)地(di)(di)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，乃云(yun)(yun)“祖庙(miao)(miao)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)”。此文(wen)“本天(tian)、效地(di)(di)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，总云(yun)(yun)“列於(wu)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)”，则(ze)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)，包(bao)此三(san)事，故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑注云(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)祖庙(miao)(miao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“以制(zhi)(zhi)礼，下(xia)(xia)(xia)教(jiao)令(ling)(ling)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者，谓(wei)法(fa)(fa)天(tian)地(di)(di)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)以制(zhi)(zhi)礼既(ji)(ji)毕(bi)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)此礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)令(ling)(ling)以教(jiao)民，故(gu)(gu)(gu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)“殽(yao)以降命”，又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“命降于社”，又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“降于祖庙(miao)(miao)”，又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“降於(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)”，又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“降于五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)”，降则(ze)下(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，谓(wei)法(fa)(fa)此等(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，以下(xia)(xia)(xia)教(jiao)令(ling)(ling)，又(you)(you)祀(si)(si)(si)此等(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，教(jiao)民严(yan)上(shang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑解此云(yun)(yun)：“既(ji)(ji)又(you)(you)祀(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，尽(jin)其(qi)敬也(ye)(ye)(ye)，教(jiao)民严(yan)上(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)者，精(jing)魂所(suo)(suo)(suo)归(gui)。神(shen)(shen)(shen)，引(yin)物(wu)(wu)而出(chu)(chu)”者，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗庙(miao)(miao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)，据其(qi)精(jing)魂归(gui)藏(zang)，不知其(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)，则(ze)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)。宗庙(miao)(miao)能引(yin)出(chu)(chu)仁义(yi)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)能引(yin)出(chu)(chu)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)作(zuo)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)能引(yin)出(chu)(chu)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，又(you)(you)俱能引(yin)出(chu)(chu)福庆谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)者皆为(wei)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)“圣人参於(wu)天(tian)地(di)(di)，并於(wu)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)”，又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以亻宝鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)”，是(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)称鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。皇(huang)氏以此鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)谓(wei)宗庙(miao)(miao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)，其(qi)义(yi)非也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

言偃复问曰：“夫子之极言礼也，可得而闻与？”欲知礼终始所成。
　　○极，如字，徐纪力反。与音馀。孔子曰：“我欲观夏道，欲行其礼，观其所成。是故之杞，杞，夏后氏之后也。而不足徵也。徵，成也。无贤君，不足与成也。吾得《夏时》焉。得夏四时之书也。其书存者有《小正》。
　　○有《小正》，音徵，本或作“有《夏小正》”。我欲观殷道，是故之宋，而不足徵也。宋，殷人之后也。吾得《坤乾》焉。得殷阴阳之书也。其书存者有《归藏》。
　　○坤(kun)，苦门反。乾，其连(lian)反。《坤(kun)乾》之(zhi)义，《夏时》之(zhi)等，吾以是观(guan)之(zhi)。观(guan)於二书(shu)之(zhi)意。

[疏]“言偃”至“观之”。
　　○正义曰：言偃既见孔子极言礼，故问其礼之终始，可得闻不？“孔子曰：我欲观夏道”以下至“礼之大成”，答以所成之事。但语意既广，非一言可了。所答之辞，凡有数节，今略言之。前云“大道之行，三代之英，丘未之逮也，而有志焉”，此“我欲观夏道”至“以是观之”，论披捡二记之书，乃知上代之礼运转之事。自“夫礼之初”至“皆从其初”，论中古祭祀之事及死丧之礼，今时所法於前取以行者。自“昔者先王”至“皆从其朔”，论昔者未有宫室火化，后圣有作，始制宫室炮燔醴酪之事，今世取而行之，故云“皆从其朔”。但今世一祭之中，凡有两节，上节是荐上古、中古，下节是荐今世之食。自“玄酒在室”至“承天之祜”，总论今世祭祀馔具所因於古，及其事义，总论两节祭祀获福之义。自“作其祝号”至“是谓合莫”，别论祭之上节荐上古、中古之食，并所用之物。自“然后退而合亨”至“是谓大祥”，论祭之下节荐今世之食。“此礼之大成”一句，总结上所陈之言也。
　　○“我欲观夏道”者，我欲行夏礼，故观其夏道可成以不，是故之適於杞，欲观夏礼而与之成。
　　○“而不足徵”者，徵，成也。谓杞君暗弱，不堪足与成其夏礼。然因往適杞，而得夏家四时之书焉。夏礼既不可成，我又欲观殷道可成与不，是故適宋，亦以宋君闇弱，不堪足与成其礼。吾得殷之《坤乾》之书，谓得殷家阴阳之书也。其殷之《坤乾》之书，并夏四时之书，吾以二书观之，知上代以来，至於今世，时代运转，礼之变通，即下云“夫礼之初”以下是也。
　　○注“欲行”至“所成”。
　　○正义曰：言我欲行夏礼，观此夏礼堪成与不。知非直观其礼，而云观其所成者，以下云“而不足徵”。
　　○注“杞，夏后氏之后”。
　　○正义曰：案《乐记》云“武王下车而封夏后氏之后於杞”。又《史记》云：“武王伐纣，求夏后之后，而得东楼公，封之於杞”是也。
　　○注“徵成”至“成也”。
　　○正义曰：“徵”者，徵验之义，故为成。若有贤君，则自然成之，当不须孔子。而云“无贤君，不足与成”者，以杞是夏后，虽有贤君，欲成夏礼，必须圣人赞佐。若其君之不贤，假令孔子欲往赞助，终不能举行夏礼，虽助无益，故《论语》云：“夏礼吾能言之，杞不足徵。”则说之在孔子，行之在杞君。以杞君不能行，故不足与成。所以不能行者，《论语》云：“文献不足故也。”
　　○注“得阴阳之书”。
　　○正义曰：先言“坤”者，熊氏云：“殷《易》以坤为首。”故先坤后乾。
　　○注“观於二书之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意”。正义曰：案孔子(zi)以(yi)大圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姿，无所(suo)(suo)不览，故脩《春秋》，赞《易》道，定礼(li)乐、明旧章。今(jin)古坟典无所(suo)(suo)不载，而独观此二书，始知礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)运转(zhuan)者(zhe)，以(yi)《诗》、《书》、《礼(li)》、《乐》，多是周代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书，皇帝坟典又不论阴阳转(zhuan)运之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，而夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书，殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坤(kun)乾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说，并载前王损益阴阳盛(sheng)衰，故观此二书，以(yi)知其上代也。

“夫礼之初，始诸饮食，其燔黍捭豚，汙尊而抔饮，蕢桴而土鼓，犹若可以致其敬於鬼神。言其物虽质略，有齐敬之心，则可以荐羞於鬼神，鬼神飨德不飨味也。中古未有釜、甑，释米捭肉，加於烧石之上而食之耳，今北狄犹然。汙尊，凿地为尊也。抔饮，手掬之也。蕢读为凷，声之误也。凷，堛也，谓抟土为桴也。土鼓，筑土为鼓也。
　　○燔音烦。捭，卜麦反，注作擗，又作擘，皆同。污尊，乌华反，注同，一音作乌。杯，步侯反。蕢，依注音凷，苦对反，又苦怪反，土块也。桴音浮，鼓搥。齐，侧皆反。釜，本又作鬴，音父。甑，即孕反。烧，如字，又舒照反。凿，在洛反。掬，九六反，本亦作臼，音蒲侯反。堛，普逼反。扌专，徒端反。筑，徐音竹。及其死也，升屋而号，告曰：‘皋某复！’招之於天。
　　○号音户毛反。皋音羔。然后饭腥而苴孰，饭以稻米，上古未有火化。苴孰，取遣奠有火利也。苴或为俎。
　　○饭，扶晚反，注同。腥音星。苴，子馀反，苞也，徐争初反。遣，弃战反。故天望而地藏也。体魄则降，知气在上。地藏谓葬。
　　○知音智。故死者北首，首，阴也。
　　○首，手又反，注同。生者南乡。乡，阳也。
　　○乡，许亮(liang)反，注同。皆从其初(chu)。谓(wei)今行之然也。

[疏]“夫礼”至“饮食”。
　　○正义曰：此一节论上代物虽质略，以其齐敬，可以致祭神明。“夫礼之初，始诸饮食”者，从此以下，至“礼之大成”，皆是二书所见之事。“夫”者，发语之端。礼，谓吉礼，此吉礼元初始诸饮食。诸，於也。始於饮食者，欲行吉礼，先以饮食为本。但中古之时，饮食质略，虽有火化，其时未有釜甑也。“其燔黍捭豚”者，“燔黍”者，以水洮释黍米，加於烧石之上以燔之，故云“燔黍”。或捭析豚肉，加於烧石之上而孰之，故云“捭豚”。
　　○“污尊而抔饮”者，谓凿池汙下而盛酒，故云“污尊”，以手掬之而饮，故云“抔饮”。“蕢桴”者，又搏土凷为桴。皇氏云“桴谓击鼓之物”，故云蕢桴。
　　○“土鼓”，筑土为鼓。故云“土鼓”。
　　○“犹若可以致其敬於鬼神”者，言上来之物，非但可以事生，若，如也，言犹如此，亦可以致其恭敬於鬼神，以鬼神享德，不享味也。
　　○注“中古”至“鼓也”。正义曰：伏牺为上古，神农为中古，五帝为下古。若《易》历三古，则伏牺为上古，文王为中古，孔子为下古，故《易纬》云：“苍牙通灵，昌之成运，孔演命明道经。”苍牙则伏牺也，昌则文王也，孔则孔子也。故《易·系辞》云：“《易》之兴也，其於中古乎？”谓文王也。若三王对五帝，则五帝亦为上古，故《士冠礼》云：“大古冠布。”下云：“三王共皮弁。”则大古五帝时，大古亦上古也。不同者，以其文各有所对，故上古、中古不同也。此云“中古”者，谓神农也。知者，以《明堂位》云：“土鼓、苇籥，伊耆氏之乐。”又《郊特牲》云：“伊耆氏始为蜡。”是报田之祭。伊耆氏始为蜡，则於时始为田也。今此云“蕢桴”、“土鼓”，故知此谓神农也。“蕢读为凷”者，以经中蕢字，乃是草名，不可为桴。桴与土鼓相连，凷是土之流类，故读为凷。“凷，堛也”，《广雅》文。“土鼓，筑土为鼓”者，以与“污尊抔饮”相连，贵尚质素，故知筑土为鼓，周代极文而不尔也。故杜注《周礼·籥章》云：“以瓦为匡，不须筑土。或以为桴，则搏拊也。”谓抟土为搏拊，以手击之而为乐。其筑土为鼓，先儒未详，盖筑地以当鼓节。不云“筑地鼓”者，以经称土鼓，故言“筑土”，顺经文也。经云“礼之初，始诸饮食”，谓祭祀之礼，故始诸饮食。其人情之礼，起则远矣。故昭二十六年《左传》云“礼之可以为国也久矣，与天地并”是也。
　　○“及其”至“其初”。
　　○正义曰：上言古代质素，此言后世渐文，谓五帝以下至於三王。及其身之死也，升上屋而号呼，“告曰皋某复”者，谓北面告天曰皋。皋，引声之言。某，谓死者名。令其反复魄，复魄不复，然后浴尸而行含礼。於含之时，饭用生稻之米，故云“饭腥”，用上古未有火化之法。“苴孰”者，至欲葬设遣奠之时，而用苞裹孰肉，以遣送尸，法中古脩火化之利也。熊氏云：“升屋而号，为五帝时，或为三王时。”皇氏云：“中古也。”中古未有宫室，皇说非也。
　　○“故天望而地藏也”者，天望，谓始死望天而招魂。地藏，谓葬地以藏尸也。
　　○“体魄则降，知气在上”者，覆释所以天望地藏之意。所以地藏者，由体魄则降故也，故以天望招之於天，由知气在上故也。
　　○“故死者北首，生者南乡”者，体魄降入於地为阴，故死者北首，归阴之义。死者既归阴，则生者南乡归阳也。
　　○“皆(jie)(jie)从其初(chu)”者，谓(wei)今(jin)世饭腥(xing)苴孰，与死(si)(si)者北首生者南乡(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)等，非(fei)(fei)是(shi)今(jin)时(shi)始为(wei)此事，皆(jie)(jie)取法(fa)於上古(gu)(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)古(gu)(gu)而(er)来，故云(yun)“皆(jie)(jie)从其初(chu)”。前文(wen)云(yun)“燔黍捭豚”，谓(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)。次云(yun)及其死(si)(si)也(ye)，似还论中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)死(si)(si)，但中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)古(gu)(gu)神农(nong)，未有宫室，上栋(dong)下宇。乃在五帝(di)以(yi)来，此及其死(si)(si)也(ye)，而(er)云(yun)“升屋”，则非(fei)(fei)神农(nong)时(shi)也(ye)。故熊氏云(yun)及其死(si)(si)也(ye)，以(yi)为(wei)五帝(di)时(shi)，或为(wei)三王时(shi)。皇氏以(yi)为(wei)及其死(si)(si)也(ye)，还论中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)古(gu)(gu)时(shi)；饭腥(xing)苴孰，谓(wei)五帝(di)时(shi)，故云(yun)“然(ran)后”，其义非(fei)(fei)也(ye)。

“昔者先王未有宫室，冬则居营窟，夏则居橧巢。寒则累土，暑则聚薪柴居其上。
　　○窟，苦忽反。橧，本又作增，又作曾，同，则登反。樔，本又作巢，助交反。未有火化，食腥也。食草木之实，鸟兽之肉，饮其血，茹其毛，未有麻丝，衣其羽皮。此上古之时也。
　　○茹音汝。衣，於既反。
　　○后圣有作，作，起。然后脩火之利，孰冶万物。范金，铸作器用。
　　○铸，之树反。合土。瓦瓴、甓及甒、大。
　　○合如字，徐音閤。瓴音令。甓，步历反。甒音武。大音泰。甒、大，皆樽名。以为台榭、宫室、牖户。榭，器之所藏也。
　　○榭音谢，本亦作谢。牖音酉。以炮，裹烧之也。
　　○炮，薄交反，徐扶交反。裹音果。以燔，加於火上。
　　○燔音烦。以亨，煮之镬也。
　　○享，普伻反，煮也。下“合亨”同。镬，户郭反。以炙，贯之火上。
　　○炙，之石反。贯，古乱反。以为醴酪。烝酿之也。酪酢。
　　○醴(li)音礼。酪音洛。烝(zheng)，之(zhi)承反(fan)。酿，女(nv)亮反(fan)。酢，，七故反(fan)。，才再反(fan)，徐祖冀反(fan)。治(zhi)其(qi)(qi)麻丝，以(yi)(yi)为(wei)布帛，以(yi)(yi)养生(sheng)送死，以(yi)(yi)事鬼神上帝，皆从其(qi)(qi)朔(shuo)(shuo)。朔(shuo)(shuo)亦初也，亦谓今(jin)行之(zhi)然(ran)。

[疏]“昔者先王”至“其朔”。
　　○正义曰：此一节更论上古之事，昔者先王既云“未有宫室”，则总是五帝之前。云“未有火化”之事，则唯为伏牺之前，以上文中古神农有火故也。
　　○“冬则居营窟”者，营累其土而为窟，地高则穴於地，地下则窟於地上，谓於地上累土而为窟。
　　○“夏则居橧巢”者，谓橧聚其薪以为巢。
　　○“饮其血，茹其毛”者，虽食鸟兽之肉，若不能饱者，则茹食其毛以助饱也。若汉时苏武以雪杂羊毛而食之，是其类也。
　　○“后圣”至“其朔”。
　　○正义曰：此一节论中古神农及五帝并三王之事，各随文解之。
　　○“后圣有作”者，谓上古之后，圣人作起。
　　○“然后脩火之利”者，谓神农也。火利言脩者，火利，先有用之，简少，至神农更脩益使多，故云“脩”。知者，以《世本》云：“燧人出火。”案郑《六艺论》云：“燧人在伏牺之前。凡六纪九十一代。”《广雅》云：一纪二十六万七千年。六纪计一百六十万二千年也。
　　○“范金合土”者，“范金”者，谓为形范以铸金器。“合土”者，谓和合其土，烧之以作器物。
　　○“以为台榭宫室牖户”者，谓五帝时也。
　　○“以炮，以燔”、“以为醴酩”及“治其麻丝，以为布帛”之属，亦五帝时也。
　　○“皆从其朔”者，谓今世所为范金合土烧炙醴酪之属，非始造之，皆仿法中古以来，故云“皆从其朔”。
　　○注“孰冶万物”。
　　○正义曰：孰，谓亨煮。冶，谓陶铸也。
　　○注“瓦瓴甓及甒大”。
　　○正义曰：《檀弓》云：“有虞氏之瓦棺。”《释器》云：“瓴甋谓之甓。”郭注云：“塶，砖也。”《礼器》云：“君尊瓦甒。”又《明堂》云：“泰，有虞氏之尊。”此等皆烧土为之。
　　○注“榭，器之所藏也”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：知者，案宣(xuan)十六(liu)年成周宣(xuan)榭火(huo)，《公(gong)羊(yang)》云“乐(le)器藏焉(yan)尔(er)”，《穀(gu)梁》云“乐(le)器之所藏”是也(ye)。

“故玄酒在室，醴醆在户，粢醍在堂，澄酒在下。陈其牺牲，备其鼎俎，列其琴、瑟、管、磬、锺、鼓，脩其祝、嘏，以降上神与其先祖，以正君臣，以笃父子，以睦兄弟，以齐上下。夫妇有所，是谓承天之祜。此言今礼馔具所因於古及其事义也。粢读为齐，声之误也。《周礼》：“五齐，一曰泛齐，二曰醴齐，三曰盎齐，四曰醍齐，五曰沈齐。”字虽异。醆与盎、澄与沈，盖同物也。奠之不同处，重古略近也。祝，祝为主人飨神辞也。嘏，祝为尸致福於主人之辞也。祐，福也，福之言备也。
　　○盏(zhan)，侧眼反(fan)。粢，依(yi)注为(wei)齐，才细反(fan)，注“五齐”皆同。醍音体。嘏，本或作假，古雅反(fan)。祜音户(hu)。粢读音咨。泛，芳敛(lian)反(fan)，徐音汎。盎，乌浪反(fan)。

[疏]“故玄”至“之祜”。
　　○正义曰：此一节明祭祀因於古昔所供之物，并酒之所陈之处。
　　○“玄酒在室”者，玄酒，谓水也。以其色黑谓之玄。而大古无酒，此水当酒所用，故谓之玄酒。以今虽有五齐三酒，贵重古物，故陈设之时，在於室内而近北。“醴醆在户”，醴，谓醴齐。醆，谓盎齐。以其后世所为，贱之，陈列虽在室内，稍南近户，故云“醴醆在户”。皇氏云“醴在户内，醆在户外”，义或然也。其泛齐所陈，当在玄酒南，醴齐北，虽无文，约之可知也，以熊氏、崔氏并云：“此据禘祭，用四齐，不用泛齐也。”
　　○“粢醍在堂”者，以卑之，故陈列又南近户而在堂。“澄酒在下”者，澄，谓沈齐也。酒，谓三酒：事酒，昔酒，清酒之等，稍卑之，故陈在堂下也。
　　○“陈其牺牲”者，谓将祭之夕，省牲之时，及祭日之旦，迎牲而人丽於碑。案《特牲礼》：陈鼎于门外北面，兽在鼎南东首，牲在兽西西上北首，其天子诸侯夕省牲之时，亦陈於庙门外，横行西上。
　　○“备其鼎俎”者，以牲体於濩，镬在庙门之外，鼎随镬设，各陈於镬西，取牲体以实其鼎，举鼎而入，设於阼阶下，南北陈之，俎设於鼎西，以次载於俎也。故云“备其鼎俎”。案《少牢》“陈鼎于庙门之外，东方北面北上”，又云“鼎入陈于东方，当序西面北上，俎皆设于鼎西”是也。
　　○“列其琴瑟”者，琴瑟在堂而登歌，故《书》云“搏拊琴瑟以咏”是也。
　　○“管磬钟鼓”者，堂下之乐，则书云“下管鼗鼓，笙镛以间”是也。其歌钟歌磬，亦在堂下。
　　○“脩其祝嘏”者，祝，谓以主人之辞飨神。嘏，谓祝以尸之辞致福而嘏主人也。
　　○“以降上神与其先祖”者，上神，谓在上精魂之神，即先祖也。指其精气，谓之上神；指其亡亲，谓之先祖，协句而言之，分而为二耳。皇氏、熊氏等云：“上神，谓天神也。”
　　○“以正君臣”者，《祭统》云：“君在庙门外则疑於君，入庙门则全於臣。”是以正君臣也。
　　○“以笃父子”者，《祭统》云：“尸南面，父北面而事之。”是以笃父子也。
　　○“以睦兄弟”者，《祭统》云：“昭与昭齿，穆与穆齿。”《特牲》云：“主人洗爵，献长兄弟、众兄弟。”是以睦兄弟也。
　　○“以齐上下”者，《祭统》云：“尸饮五，君洗玉爵献卿；尸饮七，以瑶爵献大夫”是也。
　　○“夫妇有所”者，《礼器》云“君在阼，夫人在房”，及《特牲》夫妇交相致爵是也。
　　○“是谓承天之祜”者，言行上事得所，则承受天之祜福也。
　　○注“此言”至“备也”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：“今(jin)(jin)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)馔具(ju)(ju)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)古(gu)(gu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)玄(xuan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，及(ji)(ji)(ji)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)作其(qi)(qi)(qi)祝号(hao)，并然(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)退(tui)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)合(he)亨，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)今(jin)(jin)世祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、醆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，牺牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)馔具(ju)(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)古(gu)(gu)玄(xuan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)醆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)古(gu)(gu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言“今(jin)(jin)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)馔具(ju)(ju)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)古(gu)(gu)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)义(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，从“玄(xuan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)先祖”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)臣(chen)(chen)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)“承天(tian)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祐”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“粢(zi)读(du)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“粢(zi)，稷也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”作酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黍(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)稷，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知粢(zi)当为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，声相近(jin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)致误。引《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》“五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“泛(fan)(fan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，成而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)滓浮(fu)泛(fan)(fan)泛(fan)(fan)然(ran)，如(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)宜成醪矣。醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，犹(you)(you)体也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，成而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)汁泽相将，如(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)恬酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)矣。盎(ang)，犹(you)(you)翁也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，成而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)翁翁然(ran)葱白色(se)，如(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)酂白矣。缇(ti)(ti)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)成而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)红(hong)赤，如(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)矣。沈(shen)(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)成而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)滓沈(shen)(shen)，如(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)造青矣。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“醆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)与(yu)(yu)盎(ang)，澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)与(yu)(yu)沈(shen)(shen)，盖同(tong)(tong)物(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》文醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)缇(ti)(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间有(you)(you)(you)盎(ang)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)醍(ti)(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间有(you)(you)(you)醆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，又(you)(you)(you)《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》缇(ti)(ti)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)沈(shen)(shen)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)醍(ti)(ti)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“醆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)与(yu)(yu)盎(ang)，澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)与(yu)(yu)沈(shen)(shen)，盖同(tong)(tong)物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。案(an)(an)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)注(zhu)(zhu)澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沈(shen)(shen)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。案(an)(an)《酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》注(zhu)(zhu)，澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，二(er)(er)(er)注(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)赵(zhao)商(shang)疑而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)致问(wen)，郑答(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)本不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)误，转写(xie)益‘澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)’字(zi)耳。”如(ru)(ru)郑所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)答(da)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)转写(xie)《酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文，误益“澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”字(zi)，当云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，则(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)(yu)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)运》注(zhu)(zhu)同(tong)(tong)。然(ran)案(an)(an)《坊记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，醍(ti)(ti)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)堂(tang)(tang)，澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，示民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)淫也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“淫，犹(you)(you)贪也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，田琼疑而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)致问(wen)，郑答(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)运》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)醆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)醍(ti)(ti)澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)物(wu)(wu)。”皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)推其(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)，澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)沈(shen)(shen)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。《坊记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，醍(ti)(ti)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)言酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，清酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)实沈(shen)(shen)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”如(ru)(ru)郑此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言，《坊记》所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)醆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。”五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，则(ze)澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沈(shen)(shen)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)最(zui)清，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，非(fei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中清酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)(yu)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)运》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“奠(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)处，重古(gu)(gu)略近(jin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，奠(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，或在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)堂(tang)(tang)，或在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)处”。古(gu)(gu)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)奠(dian)(dian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，近(jin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)奠(dian)(dian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)堂(tang)(tang)，或奠(dian)(dian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“重古(gu)(gu)略近(jin)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祝，祝为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)飨(xiang)神(shen)辞”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)少牢(lao)(lao)(lao)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祝称孝(xiao)孙某(mou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，岁事(shi)(shi)于皇(huang)祖伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)某(mou)，尚飨(xiang)”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祝为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)飨(xiang)神(shen)辞。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“嘏(gu)，祝为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)致福(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“嘏(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)慈告(gao)”，《诗(shi)·小雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“锡(xi)尔纯嘏(gu)，子(zi)(zi)孙其(qi)(qi)(qi)湛(zhan)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)致福(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祐，福(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《释(shi)诂》文。“福(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言备(bei)”，《郊(jiao)特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》文，言嘉庆(qing)备(bei)具(ju)(ju)，福(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)，崔氏云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》大(da)(da)(da)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)庙则(ze)备(bei)五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。朝(chao)(chao)践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)泛(fan)(fan)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。馈(kui)(kui)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)醍(ti)(ti)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。朝(chao)(chao)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)泛(fan)(fan)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)朝(chao)(chao)践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，再(zai)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)醍(ti)(ti)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)馈(kui)(kui)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)，则(ze)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)沈(shen)(shen)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)酢(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)与(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)还(hai)(hai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。宾(bin)(bin)(bin)长酳(yin)(yin)(yin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，酢(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)清酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。大(da)(da)(da)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)则(ze)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)四(si)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)悉用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)运》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“玄(xuan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)醆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)户，粢(zi)醍(ti)(ti)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)堂(tang)(tang)，澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。”用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)四(si)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，朝(chao)(chao)践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。馈(kui)(kui)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)醍(ti)(ti)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)沈(shen)(shen)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。朝(chao)(chao)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，再(zai)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)还(hai)(hai)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)沈(shen)(shen)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)相因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)沈(shen)(shen)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)，如(ru)(ru)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。四(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，唯二(er)(er)(er)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，则(ze)自(zi)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)四(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。二(er)(er)(er)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、盎(ang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑注(zhu)(zhu)《司(si)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)彝(yi)》四(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)，但云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、盎(ang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)巳(si)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)(er)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，朝(chao)(chao)践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。馈(kui)(kui)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。朝(chao)(chao)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)还(hai)(hai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，再(zai)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)还(hai)(hai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)相因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)同(tong)(tong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)常(chang)同(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)差者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)本为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)饮，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)卑(bei)自(zi)有(you)(you)(you)常(chang)，依(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得有(you)(you)(you)降。祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，本明(ming)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)总(zong)有(you)(you)(you)多少，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，有(you)(you)(you)差降也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鲁及(ji)(ji)(ji)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，大(da)(da)(da)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，与(yu)(yu)五(wu)(wu)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)同(tong)(tong)。若禘(di)(di)(di)(di)与(yu)(yu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)四(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)(tong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)子(zi)(zi)男(nan)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)(er)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、盎(ang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)巳(si)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)则(ze)并用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)(er)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)，朝(chao)(chao)践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，君(jun)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)；馈(kui)(kui)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，君(jun)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。朝(chao)(chao)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，君(jun)还(hai)(hai)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)；再(zai)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)还(hai)(hai)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。诸(zhu)臣(chen)(chen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)，酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)酢(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)君(jun)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)昔酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，酢(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诸(zhu)臣(chen)(chen)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)清酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)清酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“君(jun)亲(qin)制(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盎(ang)。”郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“谓(wei)(wei)(wei)朝(chao)(chao)事(shi)(shi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“君(jun)亲(qin)割(ge)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。”郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“谓(wei)(wei)(wei)进孰(shu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)，朝(chao)(chao)践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)君(jun)制(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，则(ze)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盎(ang)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)进孰(shu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，君(jun)亲(qin)割(ge)，夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。朝(chao)(chao)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，君(jun)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)酳(yin)(yin)(yin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，再(zai)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)还(hai)(hai)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)终祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。宾(bin)(bin)(bin)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)如(ru)(ru)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)奠(dian)(dian)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)奠(dian)(dian)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)，既(ji)备(bei)五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)实八(ba)(ba)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)秋。案(an)(an)《司(si)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)彝(yi)》：“秋尝，冬(dong)烝。”朝(chao)(chao)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)两(liang)著(zhu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，馈(kui)(kui)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)两(liang)壶(hu)(hu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，则(ze)泛(fan)(fan)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)著(zhu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)盛(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、醍(ti)(ti)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、沈(shen)(shen)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)壶(hu)(hu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)盛(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，凡(fan)(fan)(fan)五(wu)(wu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，凡(fan)(fan)(fan)十尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)玄(xuan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，凡(fan)(fan)(fan)六(liu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。通(tong)(tong)斝(jia)彝(yi)盛(sheng)(sheng)明(ming)水，黄彝(yi)盛(sheng)(sheng)郁鬯(chang)。凡(fan)(fan)(fan)有(you)(you)(you)十八(ba)(ba)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)崔氏云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)(da)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)十八(ba)(ba)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)明(ming)水郁鬯(chang)，陈(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旦，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)服衮冕而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)，尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)衮冕，祝在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)侑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)迎(ying)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)统》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“君(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)迎(ying)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)别(bie)(bie)嫌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，乃(nai)作乐(le)降神(shen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《大(da)(da)(da)司(si)乐(le)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)(fan)(fan)乐(le)，圜钟为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫，九(jiu)变(bian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)降人(ren)(ren)鬼”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乃(nai)灌(guan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《书》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)大(da)(da)(da)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，祼(guan)当灌(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)众尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)同(tong)(tong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)太庙中，依(yi)(yi)次而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)灌(guan)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)灌(guan)郁鬯(chang)。《小宰(zai)注(zhu)(zhu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，啐(cui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，奠(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)乃(nai)出(chu)迎(ying)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)从灌(guan)，二(er)(er)(er)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。迎(ying)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庭(ting)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“纳牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)诏(zhao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庭(ting)。”王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)亲(qin)执鸾刀，启其(qi)(qi)(qi)毛(mao)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)祝以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)血毛(mao)告(gao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“血毛(mao)诏(zhao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”凡(fan)(fan)(fan)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)则(ze)庙各(ge)(ge)(ge)别(bie)(bie)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《公(gong)羊传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“周(zhou)公(gong)白牡，鲁公(gong)骍(xing)犅(gang)。”案(an)(an)《逸礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“毁(hui)庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，昭共(gong)一(yi)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)，穆共(gong)一(yi)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)朝(chao)(chao)践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。太祖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，坐(zuo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)西南面，其(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)右，昭在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)东，穆在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)西，相对坐(zuo)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)右。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑注(zhu)(zhu)《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)统》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)子(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，朝(chao)(chao)事(shi)(shi)延尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)户外，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)北(bei)面事(shi)(shi)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。”祝乃(nai)取牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)膟膋(liao)，燎于炉炭(tan)，入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诏(zhao)神(shen)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，又(you)(you)(you)出(chu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)堕于主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)，《郊(jiao)特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“诏(zhao)祝於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，坐(zuo)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)堂(tang)(tang)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)乃(nai)洗肝於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)郁鬯(chang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)燔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。次乃(nai)升牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)首(shou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中，置於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)北(bei)墉下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)朝(chao)(chao)事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豆笾，乃(nai)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腥於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)(chao)践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，即(ji)(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)运》“荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)血毛(mao)，腥其(qi)(qi)(qi)俎”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)乃(nai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)著(zhu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)泛(fan)(fan)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)又(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)著(zhu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亚献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，四(si)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乃(nai)退(tui)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)合(he)亨，至(zhi)(zhi)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)孰(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，陈(chen)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)堂(tang)(tang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“设馔於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)堂(tang)(tang)”，乃(nai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)延主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，大(da)(da)(da)祖东面，昭在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)南面，穆在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)面，徙堂(tang)(tang)上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馔於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)内(nei)坐(zuo)前(qian)(qian)(qian)，祝以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)斝(jia)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)奠(dian)(dian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)馔南，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《郊(jiao)特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)子(zi)(zi)奠(dian)(dian)斝(jia)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)奠(dian)(dian)角(jiao)(jiao)”，即(ji)(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)奠(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，又(you)(you)(you)取肠间脂，焫萧合(he)馨芗，《郊(jiao)特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“奠(dian)(dian)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)孰(shu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”当此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)(da)合(he)乐(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，乃(nai)迎(ying)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，举此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)奠(dian)(dian)斝(jia)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)拜以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)妥尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《郊(jiao)特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“举斝(jia)角(jiao)(jiao)，拜妥尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)馔献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豆笾，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)乃(nai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)壶(hu)(hu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)又(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)壶(hu)(hu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)十五(wu)(wu)饭讫，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)朝(chao)(chao)践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，泛(fan)(fan)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)酳(yin)(yin)(yin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“变(bian)朝(chao)(chao)践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)朝(chao)(chao)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)相因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”朝(chao)(chao)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)酳(yin)(yin)(yin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)朝(chao)(chao)践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)乃(nai)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)豆笾，尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)酢(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)受(shou)嘏(gu)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)瑶爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)馈(kui)(kui)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)壶(hu)(hu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)醍(ti)(ti)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)酳(yin)(yin)(yin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑注(zhu)(zhu)《司(si)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)彝(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“变(bian)再(zai)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)馈(kui)(kui)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)相因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”再(zai)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)酳(yin)(yin)(yin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)馈(kui)(kui)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)瑶爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卿(qing)(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)瑶爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)酌(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)壶(hu)(hu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)醍(ti)(ti)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)九(jiu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。九(jiu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)。案(an)(an)《特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》有(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，则(ze)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数依(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)卑(bei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)秖三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)，别(bie)(bie)有(you)(you)(you)嗣子(zi)(zi)举奠(dian)(dian)。《文王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)世子(zi)(zi)》诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“上嗣”，举奠(dian)(dian)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)当然(ran)。崔氏以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)，又(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)璧(bi)角(jiao)(jiao)璧(bi)散(san)(san)。今(jin)(jin)案(an)(an)《内(nei)宰(zai)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)祼(guan)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)则(ze)赞，瑶爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)如(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”郑注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“瑶爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卒食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)既(ji)酳(yin)(yin)(yin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)亚献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”始用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)瑶爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)，则(ze)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)未(wei)酳(yin)(yin)(yin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)郑注(zhu)(zhu)《司(si)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)彝(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)酳(yin)(yin)(yin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)再(zai)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)璧(bi)角(jiao)(jiao)、璧(bi)散(san)(san)可知。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)璧(bi)角(jiao)(jiao)、璧(bi)散(san)(san)则(ze)瑶爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。崔氏乃(nai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，诸(zhu)臣(chen)(chen)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)璧(bi)角(jiao)(jiao)璧(bi)散(san)(san)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)四(si)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，禘(di)(di)(di)(di)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夏，醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，盛(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)牺尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，醍(ti)(ti)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)沈(shen)(shen)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，盛(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)朝(chao)(chao)践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)亚献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)馈(kui)(kui)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)醍(ti)(ti)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)亚献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)沈(shen)(shen)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卒食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)酳(yin)(yin)(yin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)朝(chao)(chao)践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)酳(yin)(yin)(yin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)馈(kui)(kui)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沈(shen)(shen)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，诸(zhu)臣(chen)(chen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)，献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)沈(shen)(shen)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。禘(di)(di)(di)(di)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)无降神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)，熊氏以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)始，有(you)(you)(you)降神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)，又(you)(you)(you)未(wei)毁(hui)庙者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)就其(qi)(qi)(qi)庙祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)如(ru)(ru)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)(er)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，春(chun)夏用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)牺尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)盛(sheng)(sheng)醍(ti)(ti)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)象(xiang)(xiang)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)盛(sheng)(sheng)沈(shen)(shen)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，秋冬(dong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)著(zhu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)盛(sheng)(sheng)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壶(hu)(hu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)盛(sheng)(sheng)盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，《司(si)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)彝(yi)》皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“两(liang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)盛(sheng)(sheng)明(ming)水，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“两(liang)”。若禘(di)(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)既(ji)多，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得唯两(liang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)巳(si)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)巳(si)备(bei)释(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)唯用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)(er)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)视天(tian)子(zi)(zi)，具(ju)(ju)如(ru)(ru)前(qian)(qian)(qian)说，其(qi)(qi)(qi)鲁及(ji)(ji)(ji)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)九(jiu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)与(yu)(yu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)同(tong)(tong)。侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)七(qi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，朝(chao)(chao)践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)馈(kui)(kui)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，君(jun)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)九(jiu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中减(jian)二(er)(er)(er)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君(jun)亲(qin)制(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盎(ang)，君(jun)亲(qin)割(ge)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。子(zi)(zi)男(nan)五(wu)(wu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腥馈(kui)(kui)孰(shu)二(er)(er)(er)，君(jun)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，酳(yin)(yin)(yin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，君(jun)但一(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)巳(si)。九(jiu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中去其(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)崔氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说，今(jin)(jin)案(an)(an)《特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)少牢(lao)(lao)(lao)》尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)妇(fu)(fu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)备(bei)行(xing)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)妇(fu)(fu)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得受(shou)酢(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。今(jin)(jin)子(zi)(zi)男(nan)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，但得一(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得受(shou)酢(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)，理亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)。盖子(zi)(zi)男(nan)馈(kui)(kui)孰(shu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)，君(jun)与(yu)(yu)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)并无献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)行(xing)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，通(tong)(tong)二(er)(er)(er)灌(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)》所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，自(zi)据侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)七(qi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。一(yi)曰(yue)：尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)酢(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)子(zi)(zi)男(nan)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

“作其祝号，玄酒以祭，荐其血毛，腥其俎；孰其殽，与其越席，疏布以幂，衣其澣帛，醴醆以献，荐其燔炙。君与夫人交献，以嘉魂魄。是谓合莫。此谓荐上古中古之食也。《周礼》祝号有六：“一曰神号，二曰鬼号，三曰祇号，四曰牲号，五曰赍号，六曰币号。”号者，所以尊神显物也。腥其俎，谓豚解而腥之，及血毛，皆所以法於大古也。孰其殽，谓体解而爓之。此以下，皆所法於中古也。越席，翦蒲席也。幂，覆尊也。澣帛，练染以为祭服。嘉，乐也。莫，虚无也。《孝经说》曰：“上通无莫。”
　　○祝，之六反，徐之又反，注同。殽，本或作肴，户交反。越席，音活，注同，字书作趏，杜元凯云：结草。幂，本又作鼏，同，莫历反。衣其，於既反。浣，户管反。示号，音祇，本又作祗。齍音咨，皇云：“黍稷。”大音太，下“大史”同。爓，似廉反。染，如艳反，又如琰反。乐也，音洛。
　　○然后退而合亨，体其犬豕牛羊，实其簠、簋、笾、豆、鉶、羹。祝以孝告，嘏以慈告，是谓大祥。此谓荐今世之食也。体其犬豕牛羊，谓分别骨肉之贵贱，以为众俎也。祝以孝告，嘏以慈告，各首其义也。祥，善也，今世之食，於人道为善也。
　　○钘，本又作鉶，音刑，盛(sheng)和(he)羹器，形如小(xiao)鼎。羹音庚(geng)，旧音衡。别，彼列(lie)反(fan)，下文同。此礼(li)之(zhi)大成也。”解(jie)子游以(yi)礼(li)所成也。

[疏]“作其祝号”至“是谓合莫”。
　　○正义曰：此一节明祭祀用上古中古之法也。“玄酒以祭，荐其血毛，腥其俎”，此是用上古也，“孰其殽”以下用中古也。“作其祝号”者，谓造其鬼神，及牲玉美号之辞，史、祝称之，以告鬼神，故云“作其祝号”。
　　○“玄酒以祭”者，谓朝践之时，设此玄酒於五齐之上，以致祭鬼神。此重古设之，其实不用以祭也。
　　○“荐其血毛”者，亦朝践时延尸在堂，祝以血毛告於室也。
　　○“腥其俎”者，亦谓朝践时，既杀牲，以俎盛肉，进於尸前也。
　　○“孰其殽”，骨体也。孰，谓以汤爓之，以其所爓骨体进於尸前也。
　　○“与其越席”至“浣帛”，皆谓祭初之时。越席，谓蒲席。疏布，谓粗布。若依《周礼》，越席、疏布是祭天之物。此经云“君与夫人”，则宗庙之礼也。此盖记者杂陈夏殷诸侯之礼，故虽宗庙而用越席疏布也。
　　○“衣其澣帛”者，谓祭服练帛，染而为之。
　　○“醴醆以献”者，朝践之时用醴，馈食之时用醆。
　　○“荐其燔炙”者，谓燔肉炙肝。案《特牲礼》：主人献尸，宾长以肝从，主妇献尸，宾长以燔从。则此君荐之用炙也，夫人荐用燔是也。皇氏云：“燔谓荐孰之时，焫萧合馨芗。”知不然者，案《诗·楚茨》云：“或燔或炙。”郑云：“燔，燔肉也。炙，肝炙也。”则知此燔炙亦然，皇说非也。君与夫人交献，第一君献，第二夫人献，第三君献，第四夫人献，是君与夫人交错而献也。
　　○“以嘉魂魄”者，谓设此在上祭祀之礼，所以嘉善于死者之来魂魄是於死者之魂魄。
　　○“是谓合莫”，莫，谓虚无寂寞，言死者精神虚无寂寞，得生者嘉善，而神来歆飨，是生者和合於寂寞。但《礼运》之作，因鲁之失礼，孔子乃为广陈天子诸侯之事，及五帝茸荃之道，其言杂乱，或先或后，其文不次，举其大纲，不可以一代定其法制，不可以一概正其先后，若审此理，则无所疑惑。
　　○注“《周礼》”至“元莫”。
　　○正义曰：案《周礼》大祝辨六号，“一曰神号”，注：“若皇天上帝”；“二曰鬼号”，注：“若皇祖伯某”；“三曰祇号”，“若后土地祇”；“四曰牲号”，“若牛，曰一元大武”；“五曰齍号”，“若稷曰明粢”；“六曰币号”，“若币曰量币”是也。云“号者，所以尊神显物”者，其神号、鬼号、祇号，是尊神也。牲号、齍号、币号，是显物也。云“腥其俎谓豚解而腥之”者，案《士丧礼》小敛之奠，载牲体两髀、两肩、两胉，并脊凡七体也。《士虞礼》：“主人不视豚解。”注云：“豚解，解前后胫脊胁而已。”是豚解七体也。案《特牲少牢》以荐孰为始之时，皆体解，无豚解，以无朝践荐腥故也。其天子诸侯既有朝践荐腥，故知腥其俎之时豚解。云“孰其殽”，谓体解而爓之者。体解，则《特牲少牢》“所升於俎，以进神者”是也。案《特牲》九体，肩一、臂二、臑三、肫四、胳五、正脊六、横脊七、长胁八、短胁九，《少牢》则十一体，加以脡脊、代胁为十一体也。是分豚为体解，此“孰其殽”，谓体解讫，以汤爓之，不全孰。次於腥而荐之堂，故《祭义》曰“爓祭，祭腥而退”是也。此则腥以法上古，爓法中古也。云“浣帛，练染以为祭服”者，此亦异代礼也。周礼则先染丝乃织成而为衣，故《玉藻》云：“士不衣织。”云“《孝经说》曰：上通无莫”者，《孝经纬》文，言人之精灵所感，上通元气寂寞。引之者，证“莫”为虚无。正本元字作无，谓虚无寂寞，义或然也。
　　○“然后”至“大祥”。
　　○正义曰：论祭馈之节，供事鬼神及祭未献宾，并祭竟燕饮飨食宾客兄弟。
　　○“然后退而合亨”者，前明荐爓既未孰，今至馈食，乃退取曏爓肉，更合亨之今孰，拟更荐尸。又尸俎唯载右体，其馀不载者及左体等，亦於镬中亨煮之，故云“合亨”。
　　○“体其犬豕牛羊”者，亨之既孰，乃体别骨之贵贱，以为众俎，供尸及待宾客兄弟等。体其犬豕牛羊，谓分别骨之贵贱，以为众俎。知非尸前正俎者，以此经所陈，多是祭末之事。若是尸前正俎，当云“是谓合莫”，不得云“是谓大祥”。既是人之祥善，故为祭末飨燕之众俎也。
　　○“实其簠、簋、笾、豆、鉶、羹”者，此举事尸之时所供设也。若笾豆亦兼据宾客及兄弟之等，故《特牲少牢》宾及众宾兄弟之等，皆有笾豆及俎是也。
　　○“祝以孝告，嘏以慈告”者，此论祭祀祝嘏之辞。案《少牢》：“祝曰：孝孙某敢用柔毛刚鬛，嘉荐普淖，用荐岁事于皇祖伯某，以某妃配某氏，尚飨。”是祝以孝告。《少牢》又云：“主人献尸，祝嘏主人云：皇尸命工祝，丞致多福无疆，于女孝孙，来女孝孙，使女受禄于天，宜稼于田，眉寿万年，勿替引之。”是嘏以慈告，言祝嘏於时以神之恩慈而告主人。
　　○“是谓大祥”者，祥，善也。谓馈食之时，荐今世之食，於人道为善，故为大祥。
　　○注“各首其义”者。
　　○正义曰：首，犹(you)本(ben)也。孝(xiao)子告(gao)神，以孝(xiao)为(wei)首。神告(gao)孝(xiao)子，以慈为(wei)首。各本(ben)祝(zhu)嘏之(zhi)义也。

孔子曰：“於呼哀哉！我观周道，幽、厉伤之，吾舍鲁，何適矣！政乱礼失，以为鲁尚愈。
　　○於音乌。呼，好奴反。舍音舍，下“舍礼”皆同。鲁之郊，禘，非礼也，周公其衰矣！非，犹失也。鲁之郊，牛口伤、鼷鼠食其角，又有四卜郊不从，是周公之道衰矣。言子孙不能奉行兴之。
　　○禘，大计反。鼷音兮(xi)。

[疏]“孔子”至“適矣”。
　　○正义曰：此明孔子叹意。前始发叹，末言自叹之意。子游有问，即随问而答。答事既毕，故更述其所怀。“於呼哀哉”是伤叹之辞。言观周家文武之道，以经幽、厉之乱伤，此礼仪法则，无可观瞻，唯鲁国稍可，吾舍此鲁国，更何之適而观礼乎！言鲁国尚愈。愈，胜也，言尚胜於馀国，故韩宣子適鲁云：“周礼尽在鲁矣。”
　　○“鲁之郊禘”至“其衰矣”。
　　○正义曰：鲁合郊禘也，非，是非礼。但郊失礼，则牛口伤，禘失礼，跻僖公。
　　○注“非犹”至“兴之”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：“郊，牛(niu)口伤”，宣(xuan)三年(nian)经(jing)文。“鼷鼠食其角”，成七年(nian)经(jing)文。“四卜郊不(bu)从(cong)”，僖三十一(yi)年(nian)经(jing)文。言子孙不(bu)能承奉(feng)兴行(xing)周公(gong)之道(dao)，故(gu)致使(shi)郊牛(niu)有害(hai)，卜郊不(bu)从(cong)。

“杞之郊也，禹也。宋之郊也，契也。是天子之事守也。先祖法度，子孙所当守。
　　○契，息列反。故天子祭天地，诸侯祭社稷。
　　○祝嘏莫敢易其(qi)常古，是(shi)谓大假。假亦大也。不敢改其(qi)常古之法度，是(shi)谓大大也。将言今不然(ran)。

[疏]“杞之”至“守也”。
　　○正义曰：杞郊禹，宋郊契，盖是夏、殷天子之事，杞、宋是其子孙，当所保守，勿使有失。案《祭法》云：“夏郊鲧，殷郊冥。”今杞郊禹，宋郊契者，以鲧、冥之德薄，故更郊禹、契，盖时王所命也。
　　○“祝嘏”至“大假”。
　　○正义曰：言天子诸侯所祭之时，祝以主人之辞而告神，神以嘏福而与主人，二者皆依旧礼，无敢易其常事古法，是谓大假。假，大也。既不敢易法，是於礼法大中之大，谓大大之极也。
　　○注“假亦”至“不然”。
　　○正义曰：“假(jia)(jia)，大(da)也(ye)”，《释诂(gu)》文(wen)(wen)。以经既有“大(da)”字，故(gu)云“假(jia)(jia)亦大(da)也(ye)”。从(cong)此(ci)以前皆论法(fa)於古道则为善(shan)，故(gu)上文(wen)(wen)“承天(tian)之(zhi)祐”，次(ci)文(wen)(wen)“是(shi)谓合莫(mo)”，又(you)(you)次(ci)云“是(shi)谓大(da)祥(xiang)(xiang)”，又(you)(you)次(ci)文(wen)(wen)“是(shi)谓大(da)假(jia)(jia)”，皆论其善(shan)也(ye)。所以论其善(shan)者，将(jiang)欲论其恶(e)故(gu)也(ye)。郑云“将(jiang)言(yan)今不然(ran)”，今，谓孔子之(zhi)时(shi)也(ye)，礼废政坏，不如大(da)祥(xiang)(xiang)大(da)祥(xiang)(xiang)假(jia)(jia)之(zhi)等。自此(ci)以下，皆论今时(shi)之(zhi)恶(e)，故(gu)下云“是(shi)谓幽国”、“是(shi)谓僣君”是(shi)也(ye)。

“祝嘏辞说，藏(zang)於宗祝巫史，非礼(li)也，是谓(wei)幽国。藏(zang)於宗祝巫史，言君不(bu)(bu)知有也。幽，暗也。国闇者，君与大夫俱不(bu)(bu)明也。

[疏]“祝嘏”至“幽国”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：谓(wei)主人(ren)之辞告神(shen)；嘏，谓(wei)尸(shi)之辞致福告於(wu)主人(ren)，皆从(cong)古法(fa)。依(yi)旧礼，辞说(shuo)当须(xu)以法(fa)用之於(wu)国(guo)，今(jin)乃(nai)弃去不用，藏(zang)於(wu)宗祝巫史之家，乃(nai)更改易古礼，自为辞说(shuo)，非礼也(ye)。而国(guo)之君臣(chen)秖闻今(jin)日(ri)祝嘏之辞，不知(zhi)古礼旧说(shuo)，当是君臣(chen)俱暗(an)，故云“是谓(wei)幽国(guo)”。

“醆，斝及尸君，非礼也，是谓僣君。僣礼之君也。醆、斝，先王之爵也，唯鲁与王者之后得用之耳，其馀诸侯用时王之器而已。
　　○醆斝，古雅反，又音嫁，爵名(ming)也。夏(xia)曰醆，殷(yin)曰斝，周曰爵。

[疏]“醆斝”至“僣君”。
　　○正义曰：醆是夏爵，斝是殷爵。若是夏殷之后祭祀之时，得以醆、斝及於尸君，其馀诸侯於礼不合。今者诸侯等祭祀之时，乃以醆、斝及於尸君，非礼也，此诸侯乃是僣礼之君。
　　○注“醆斝”至“用之”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：案(an)《明堂位(wei)》云(yun)：“夏曰醆(zhan)(zhan)，殷曰斝(jia)。”是(shi)先(xian)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)爵也。天(tian)子有(you)六代之(zhi)(zhi)乐，王(wang)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)后，得用(yong)郊(jiao)天(tian)，故知唯天(tian)子王(wang)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)后得用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)馀诸侯用(yong)时王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)器而已。此醆(zhan)(zhan)、斝(jia)谓祭祀尸未入之(zhi)(zhi)时，祝(zhu)酌(zhuo)奠於鉶南者(zhe)也。故《郊(jiao)特牲》云(yun)“举斝(jia)角”是(shi)也。若寻常献(xian)尸，则用(yong)王(wang)爵耳(er)。

“冕弁兵革藏於私家，非礼也。是谓胁君。劫胁之君也。冕弁，君之尊服。兵革，君之武卫及军器也。
　　○胁，许劫反。

[疏]“冕弁”至“胁君”。
　　○正义曰：“冕弁兵革藏於私家，非礼”者，私家，大夫以下称家。冕是衮冕，弁是皮弁。冕弁是朝廷之尊服，兵革是国家防卫之器，而大夫私家藏之，故云“非礼也”。
　　○“是谓胁(xie)(xie)君”，胁(xie)(xie)，劫胁(xie)(xie)也(ye)。私藏公物，则见此君恒被臣(chen)之劫胁(xie)(xie)。

“大夫具官，祭器不假，声乐皆具，非礼也。是谓乱国。臣之奢富儗於国君，败乱之国也。孔子谓：“管仲官事不摄，焉得俭？”
　　○儗音拟。焉，於虔反。

[疏]“大夫”至“乱国”。
　　○正义曰：“大夫具官”者，天子六卿，诸侯三卿。卿大夫若有地者，则置官一人，用兼摄群职，不得官官各须具是如君也。故孔子讥管仲云“官事不摄，焉得俭”是也。
　　○“祭器不假”者，凡大夫无地，则不得造祭器。有地虽造而不得具足，并须假借。若不假者，唯公孤以上得备造，故《周礼》：“四命受器。”郑云：“此公之孤，始得有祭器者也。”又云：“王之下大夫亦四命。”
　　○“声乐皆具”者，大夫自有判县之乐，而不得如三桓舞八佾。一曰大夫祭，不得用乐者，故《少牢馈食》无奏乐之文，唯君赐乃有之。
　　○“非礼也”者，若大夫并为上事，则为非礼也。
　　○“是谓乱国(guo)”者，大(da)夫为此上诸事，与君相(xiang)敌，乃(nai)是败(bai)乱之(zhi)国(guo)也。

“故仕於公曰臣，仕於家曰仆。三年之丧，与新有昏者，期不使。以衰裳入朝，与家仆杂居齐齿，非礼也。是谓君与臣同国。臣有丧昏之事而不归，反服其衰裳以入朝，或与仆相等辈而处，是谓君臣共国，无尊卑也。有丧昏不归唯君耳。臣有丧昏，当致事而归。仆又不可与士齿。
　　○期，居其反(fan)。朝，直(zhi)遥反(fan)，注同。或与仆相，息亮反(fan)，一读如(ru)字，则连(lian)下(xia)为句(ju)。等辈(bei)，卜(bu)内(nei)反(fan)。

[疏]“故仕”至“同国”。
　　○正义曰：“仕於公曰臣”者，公是诸侯之号，臣是至贱之称，今若仕於诸侯，其自称以至贱之辞而曰臣，自贬退也。
　　○“仕於家曰仆”者，谓卿大夫之仆，又贱於臣。若仕於大夫之家，即自称曰仆，弥更卑贱也。
　　○“三年之丧，与新有昏者，期不使”者，若君有丧昏，则恒在於国不归。臣有丧昏，则归向家，一期之间，不复使役也，故云“期不使”。
　　○“以衰裳入朝，与家仆杂居齐齿，非礼也”者，今臣之有丧，乃不致事，身著衰裳而入君朝，或与家臣之仆错杂而居，齐齿等辈，是为非礼也。
　　○“是(shi)(shi)谓君(jun)(jun)与臣(chen)(chen)(chen)同(tong)国(guo)”者(zhe)，君(jun)(jun)之丧(sang)昏(hun)而在国(guo)，臣(chen)(chen)(chen)有(you)丧(sang)昏(hun)而不归家(jia)，亦在国(guo)，是(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)与臣(chen)(chen)(chen)同(tong)国(guo)。又臣(chen)(chen)(chen)是(shi)(shi)卿大夫(fu)，与仆(pu)杂居。且臣(chen)(chen)(chen)是(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)之臣(chen)(chen)(chen)，仆(pu)是(shi)(shi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之仆(pu)，今卿大夫(fu)与仆(pu)杂居，尊卑(bei)无别(bie)，亦是(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)共国(guo)也。

“故天子有田以处其子孙，诸侯有国以处其子孙，大夫有采以处其子孙，是谓制度。言今不然也。《春秋》昭元年：”泰伯之弟针出奔晋。”剌其有千乘之国，不能容其母弟。
　　○针，其廉反，又祇廉反。乘，时证反。故天子適诸侯，必舍其祖庙，而不以礼籍入，是谓天子坏法乱纪。以礼籍入，谓大史典礼执简记奉讳恶也。天子虽尊，舍人宗庙，犹有敬焉，自拱敕也。
　　○坏音怪。恶，乌路反。拱，徐居勇反，后“拱持”同。诸侯非问疾吊丧，而入诸臣之家，是谓君臣为谑。无故而相之，是献谑也。陈灵公与孔甯仪行父数如夏氏，以取弑焉。
　　○谑，许约反，甯本又(you)作宁(ning)。案(an)《左传》作“宁(ning)”，《公羊(yang)》作“甯”，各依(yi)字(zi)读。父音甫。数，邑角反。取弑，申志(zhi)反，又(you)如(ru)字(zi)。

[疏]故“天子”至“为谑”。
　　○正义曰：“天子有田以处其子孙”者，案《王制》云“天子之田，方千里”是也。“以处其子孙”者，谓子孙若有功德者，封为诸侯，无功德直食邑於畿内也。
　　○“诸侯有国以处其子孙”者，谓诸侯子孙，封为卿大夫。若有其大功德，其子孙亦有采地，故《左传》云：“官有世功，则有官族，邑亦如之。”是处其子孙。
　　○“大夫有采地以处其子孙”者，大夫位卑，不合割其采地以处子孙。但大夫以采地之禄，养其子孙，故云“以处其子孙”。然从“是谓幽国”以下，皆论其臣恶。今此云“是谓制度”而论善者，此论古之制度如此，今日则不然，谓今恶起文，故云“是谓制度”，非论今日之好，故注云“言今不然也。”
　　○注“昭元”至“毋弟”。
　　○正义曰：此所引《春秋》昭元年《公羊传》文，引之者，证诸侯有国处子孙之义，讥秦伯不然也。
　　○注“陈灵”至“杀焉”。
　　○正义曰：此宣十年《左传》文：陈(chen)灵公(gong)与孔宁仪行(xing)父(fu)(fu)通於(wu)夏徵(zhi)(zhi)舒之(zhi)母夏姬，公(gong)谓孔宁仪行(xing)父(fu)(fu)曰：“徵(zhi)(zhi)舒似(si)女。”行(xing)父(fu)(fu)对曰：“亦(yi)似(si)君(jun)。”徵(zhi)(zhi)舒病之(zhi)，公(gong)出，自(zi)其厩射而杀(sha)之(zhi)。二子奔楚(chu)。后楚(chu)杀(sha)徵(zhi)(zhi)舒，立成公(gong)，是取弑也。

是故礼者，君之大柄也，所以别嫌明微、傧鬼神、考制度、别仁义，所以治政安君也。疾今失礼如此，为言礼之大义也。柄，所操以治事。
　　○柄，兵命反。傧，必刃反。治政，皇如字，徐直吏反，下文注“以治事”同。为，于伪反，下“又为”、“遂为”皆同。操，士刀反。故政不正，则君位危；君位危则大臣倍，小臣窃。刑肃而俗敝，则法无常；法无常而礼无列；礼无列，则士不事也。刑肃而俗敝，则民弗归也。是谓疵国。又为言政失君危之祸败也。肃，骏也。疵，病也。
　　○倍，步(bu)内反。敝音弊，本亦作弊。疵，才斯(si)反。峻，恤(xu)俊反。

[疏]“是故”至“君也”。正义曰：此一经疾时失礼致此在上祸败之事，故言礼之大义。
　　○“礼者，君之大柄”者，言人君治国须礼，如巧匠治物，执斤斧之柄。
　　○“所以别嫌明微”者，此以下亦并明用礼为柄之事，使寡妇不夜哭，是别嫌；君子表微，是明微也。
　　○“傧鬼神”者，以接宾以礼曰傧，以郊天祀地及一切神明，是傧鬼神也。
　　○“考制度”者，考，成也。制度为广狭丈尺，以礼成之也。
　　○“别仁义”者，仁生义杀，各使中礼，有分别也。
　　○“所以治政安君也”者，用礼为柄，如前诸事，故治国得政，君获安存，故《孝经》云：“安上治民，莫善於礼。”
　　○“大臣”至“俗敝”。
　　○正义曰：大臣，谓大夫以上。倍，谓倍君行私也。或有屡谏不听，皆越关倍君而去。
　　○“小臣窃”者，小臣，士以下。窃者，盗也。职闇位卑，但为窃盗府库之事。
　　○“刑肃而俗敝，则法无常”者，肃，骏急也。敝，凋残也。君位已危，大臣又倍，小臣盗窃，愚君无奈此何，唯知暴怒，急行刑罚，故云“刑肃”。上下乖离，故云“俗敝”。俗敝刑肃、故法教无常。
　　○注“肃，骏也。疵，病也”。
　　○正义曰：案《释(shi)(shi)诂》文。云肃、骏俱训为疾，是肃为骏也。《释(shi)(shi)诂》文又(you)(you)云：“疵，病也。”疵国者，君既危於(wu)上，臣又(you)(you)叛(pan)於(wu)下，刑肃严重，风俗凋敝，皆国之病，故(gu)云“疵国”。

故政者，君之所以藏身也。於此又遂为之言政也。藏，谓辉光於外，而形体不见，若日月星辰之神。
　　○辉音晖。见，贤遍反。是故夫政必本於天，殽以降命。降，下也。殽天之气，以下教令，天有运移之期，阴阳之节也。
　　○殽，户教反。注及下同。命降于社之谓殽地，谓教令由社下者也。社，土地之主也。《周礼》土会之法，有五地之物生。
　　○会，古外反。降于祖庙之谓仁义，谓教令由祖下者，《大传》曰：自祢率而上至于祖，远者轻，仁也。自祖率而下至于祢，高者重，义也。
　　○上，时掌反。下“上配”、“上生”皆同。降於山川之谓兴作，谓教令由山川下者也。山川有草木禽兽，可作器物，共国事。
　　○共音恭。降於五祀之谓(wei)制(zhi)度。谓(wei)教令由(you)五祀下(xia)者。五祀有中(zhong)霤、门、户、灶、行之神，此始为(wei)宫室制(zhi)度。此圣人所以藏(zang)身(shen)之固(gu)也(ye)。政之行如此，何用城郭(guo)沟池之为(wei)。

[疏]“故政”至“固也”。正义曰：此一节以上文云政之不正，则国乱君危。此则广言政之大理，本於天地及宗庙山川五祀而来，所来既重，故君用之，得藏身安固也。
　　○“故政者，君之所以藏身也”者，故，因上起下之辞。人君身在於中，施政於外，人但见其政，不见其身。若政之美盛，则君身安静，故云“政者，所以藏身也”。郑云“藏谓煇光於外，而形体不见，若日月星辰之神”是也。
　　○“是故夫政必本於天”，是故，谓政是藏身之固。其事既重，所施教令，必本於天而来。天有运移，若星辰围绕北极；气有阴阳，若冬夏之有寒暑。
　　○“殽以降命”者，殽，效也，言人君法效天气，以降下政教之命，效星辰运转於北极，为昏媾姻亚；效天之阴阳寒暑，为刑狱赏罚，是“殽以降命”。
　　○“命降于社之谓殽地”者，上云“政本於天”，此论政降於地。上既云“必本於天，殽以降命”，此亦当云“必本於地，殽以降命”。但上文既具，故此略而变文，直云“命降于社之谓殽地”。命者，政令之命，降下於社，谓从社而来以降民也。社即地也，指其神谓之社，指其形谓之地。法社以下教令，故云“谓之殽地”。地有五土，生物不同，人君法地，亦养物不一也。
　　○“降于祖庙”者，此亦政教之命降下於民，由祖庙而来，谓法祖庙以下政令。
　　○“之谓仁义”者，父亲，仁也。祖尊，义也。言法此父祖，施仁义於民也。上云“命降于社之谓殽地”，此亦当云“命降于祖之谓殽庙”，以上文既具，故此又略而变文，与上不同，自下皆然也。
　　○“降於山川”者，谓所施政令之命下於民者，从山川而来，谓法效山川，以为教令也。
　　○“之谓兴作”者，山川有草木鸟兽，可作器物，人君法山川，以兴作其物也。
　　○“降於五祀”者，所施政令降於民者，从五祀而来，谓法此五祀之神，以施政令也。
　　○“之谓制度”者，初造五祀之人，既立中霤、门、户、灶、行大小形制，各有法度，后王所以取为制度等级也。
　　○“此圣人所以藏身之固也”者，政既法天地，法祖庙山川五祀，所重若此，谨慎行之，所以藏其身而坚固。
　　○注“殽天”至“之节”。
　　○正义曰：案昭二十五年《左传》云：“礼者，天之经，地之义，为父子兄弟昏媾姻亚以象天明，为温慈惠和以效天之生殖长育，为刑罚威狱以类其震曜杀戮。”此注云“天有运移之期，阴阳之节”，总包之也，皆法天之所为，以下教令也。
　　○注“社土”至“物生”。
　　○正义曰：下云“社者，神地之道”，此云“土地之主”，主则神也。“土会之法，有五地之物生”者，此《大司徒》文。五地则山林、川泽、丘陵、坟衍、原隰各有所生。五地总生万物，人君法之，施政令，亦总养万民也。
　　○注“《大传》”至“义也”。
　　○正义曰：引此者，证祖祢庙有仁义也。云“自祢率而上至于祖，远者轻，仁也”者，自，用也。率，循也。言用祢之仁，依循而上，以至於祖，远者恩爱渐轻，是据仁恩也。“自祖率而下至於祢，高者重，义也”者，言用祖之义，依循而下，以至于祢，高者尊重，是义事也。祖庙之中，自然有此仁义，人君法之，施此仁义教令，以教下民也。
　　○注“五祀”至“制度”。
　　○正义曰：此五祀，郑云“有中霤、门、户、灶、行之神，此始为宫室制度”者，如郑此言，则五祀神者，谓初造五祀之神。此人造五祀，有其制度，后王法此人之神，更为制度，此人造五祀，非五祀本神也。其五祀亦自然有其虚无之神，非后王所取法也，故此不言之。
　　○注“政之”至“之为”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：言(yan)政之行(xing)若(ruo)能如(ru)此法(fa)(fa)天(tian)阴阳，使赏罚得所，法(fa)(fa)地高下，令尊(zun)卑有序，法(fa)(fa)之祖(zu)庙而行(xing)仁义(yi)，法(fa)(fa)之山川(chuan)五祀而为兴作制度，若(ruo)能如(ru)此，则(ze)民怀(huai)其德，祸害不来，何(he)所防御？故云：“何(he)用城(cheng)郭沟(gou)池之为？”言(yan)不用城(cheng)郭沟(gou)池也(ye)。

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