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三十六计在线阅读(10)

作者:经典名著 文章来源:古籍
第一套 胜战计瞒天过海围魏救赵借刀杀人以逸待劳趁火打劫声东击西
第二套 敌战计无中生有暗渡陈仓隔岸观火笑里藏刀李代桃僵顺手牵羊
第三套 攻战计打草惊蛇借尸还魂调虎离山欲擒故纵抛砖引玉擒贼擒王
第四套 混战计釜底抽薪混水摸鱼金蝉脱壳关门捉贼远交近攻假途伐虢
第五套 并战计偷梁换柱指桑骂槐假痴不颠上屋抽梯树上开花反客为主
第六套 败战计美人计空城计反间计苦肉计连环计走为上

第十计 笑里藏刀

信而安之①,阴以图之②,备而后动,勿使有变。刚中柔外也 ③。

①信而安之:信,使信。安,使安,安然(ran),此指(zhi)不生 疑心。②阴以图之:阴,暗地(di)里。③刚中柔(rou)外:表面(mian)柔(rou)顺,实质强硬尖利(li)。

古人按语说:兵书(shu)云:“辞卑(bei)而益备者,进也(ye);……无(wu)约而请和者,谋也(ye)。”故(gu)凡敌人之(zhi)(zhi)巧言令(ling)色,皆杀机之(zhi)(zhi)外露也(ye)。宋(song)曹玮知渭州,号令(ling)明肃,西夏(xia)(xia)人惮之(zhi)(zhi)。一日(ri)玮方对客奕棋,会有叛夸数千(qian),亡奔夏(xia)(xia)境。堠骑(qi)(骑(qi)马(ma)的(de)侦(zhen)宿员(yuan))报至,诸(zhu)将相顾失色,公言笑如平时。徐谓骑(qi)日(ri).“吾命也(ye),汝勿显(xian)言。”西夏(xia)(xia)人闻之(zhi)(zhi),以为袭己,尽(jin)杀之(zhi)(zhi)。此临(lin)机应(ying)变之(zhi)(zhi)用也(ye)。若勾践之(zhi)(zhi)事夫差.则意(yi)使(shi)其(qi)久而安之(zhi)(zhi)矣。

宋(song)将曹(cao)玮,闻知有(you)人(ren)(ren)叛变,他(ta)非但不惊(jing)恐,反(fan)而随机(ji)应便,谈笑(xiao)(xiao)自如,不予追捕,让(rang)敌人(ren)(ren)把(ba)(ba)叛逃(tao)者(zhe)误认(ren)为是(shi)曹(cao)玮派(pai)来进攻的(de),把(ba)(ba)他(ta)们(men)全部杀光。曹(cao)琼把(ba)(ba)笑(xiao)(xiao)里(li)藏刀(dao)(dao)和借刀(dao)(dao)杀人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)计运用得何(he)其自如!古代(dai)兵(bing)法早就提(ti)醒为战者(zhe):切不可轻信(xin)对方的(de)甜言(yan)蜜语、空头支票(piao),要谨防(fang)他(ta)们(men)暗(an)中隐(yin)藏的(de)杀机(ji)。总之(zhi)(zhi),此计还多用于(yu)军事政治与(yu)外交(jiao)的(de)伪装上(shang)。

笑里藏(zang)刀,原意是指那种(zhong)口(kou)蜜腹剑,两面(mian)三(san)刀,“口(kou)里喊哥哥,手里摸(mo)家伙”的(de)(de)作法。此(ci)计(ji)用在(zai)军事上,是运用政治(zhi)外交上的(de)(de)伪装手段(duan),欺(qi)骗麻痹(bi)对方(fang),来掩盖己方(fang)的(de)(de)军事行动。这(zhei)是一种(zhong)表面(mian)友善(shan)而暗(an)藏(zang)杀(sha)机的(de)(de)谋略。

战国(guo)时(shi)期,秦国(guo)为(wei)了(le)对(dui)外扩张,必(bi)须夺取地势险(xian)要的黄河(he)崤山一(yi)(yi)带,派公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)为(wei)大(da)将,率兵攻打魏国(guo)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)大(da)军直抵魏国(guo)吴(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)下。这吴(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)是魏国(guo)名将吴(wu)起苦(ku)(ku)心经营之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,地势险(xian)要,工(gong)事(shi)坚(jian)固,正面(mian)进(jin)攻恐难奏效。公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞍苦(ku)(ku)苦(ku)(ku)思(si)索攻城(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)计(ji)。他(ta)探到(dao)魏国(guo)守将是与自(zi)己曾经有(you)过(guo)(guo)交往(wang)的公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing),心中大(da)喜(xi)。他(ta)马上修书一(yi)(yi)封,主(zhu)(zhu)动与公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)套近乎(hu),说道,虽然我们俩(liang)现(xian)在各为(wei)其主(zhu)(zhu),但考虑到(dao)我们过(guo)(guo)去(qu)的交情(qing),还(hai)是两国(guo)罢兵,订立和约为(wei)好(hao)。念旧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing),溢干言表。他(ta)还(hai)建议约定(ding)(ding)时(shi)间(jian)会谈(tan)议和大(da)事(shi)。信送出后,公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)还(hai)摆出主(zhu)(zhu)动撤兵的姿态,命(ming)令(ling)秦军前锋立即(ji)撤回。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)看罢来信,又(you)见秦军退兵,非常高(gao)兴,马上回信约定(ding)(ding)会谈(tan)日(ri)期。公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)见公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)已钻入了(le)圈(quan)套,暗地在会谈(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地设下埋伏(fu)。会谈(tan)那天,公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)带了(le)三(san)百(bai)名随(sui)从(cong)(cong)到(dao)达约定(ding)(ding)地点(dian),见公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)带的随(sui)从(cong)(cong)更(geng)少,而且全部没带兵器,更(geng)加(jia)相信对(dui)方的诚意。会谈(tan)气氛十分融洽,两人重叙昔日(ri)友情(qing),表达双方交好(hao)的诚意。公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞍还(hai)摆宴款待公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)兴冲冲人席(xi),还(hai)未坐定(ding)(ding),忽(hu)听一(yi)(yi)声(sheng)号令(ling),伏(fu)兵从(cong)(cong)四面(mian)包围过(guo)(guo)来,公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)和三(san)百(bai)随(sui)从(cong)(cong)反(fan)应不及,全部被擒。公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)利用被俘的随(sui)从(cong)(cong),骗开吴(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)门,占领(ling)吴(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)。魏国(guo)只得割让(rang)西河(he)一(yi)(yi)带,向秦求和。秦国(guo)用公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)笑里藏刀计(ji)轻取崤山一(yi)(yi)带。

三国时期,由于(yu)荆(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)地(di)(di)理位(wei)置十分重(zhong)要(yao),成(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)兵(bing)家必争之地(di)(di)。公(gong)元217年,鲁肃(su)病死。孙、刘联合抗曹(cao)的(de)(de)蜜月已(yi)(yi)(yi)经结束。当时关羽(yu)镇守荆(jing)州(zhou)(zhou),孙权(quan)久存夺(duo)(duo)取(qu)(qu)荆(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)之心,只是(shi)时机(ji)(ji)(ji)尚未成(cheng)(cheng)熟。不(bu)久以后,关羽(yu)发兵(bing)进(jin)攻曹(cao)操控制的(de)(de)樊(fan)城,怕有后患(huan),留下(xia)重(zhong)兵(bing)驻守公(gong)安(an)、南郡,保卫荆(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)。孙权(quan)手下(xia)大将吕蒙(meng)(meng)认为(wei)夺(duo)(duo)取(qu)(qu)荆(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)时机(ji)(ji)(ji)已(yi)(yi)(yi)到,但因有病在身,就建议孙权(quan)派(pai)(pai)当时毫无名气(qi)青年将领陆(lu)逊接替他的(de)(de)位(wei)置,驻守陆(lu)口。陆(lu)逊上(shang)任(ren)(ren),并不(bu)显山露水(shui),定下(xia)了与关羽(yu)假和好、真备战(zhan)的(de)(de)策略(lve)。他给关羽(yu)写去一(yi)信(xin)(xin),信(xin)(xin)中极力(li)夸耀(yao)关羽(yu),称关羽(yu)功高威(wei)重(zhong),可与晋文公(gong)、韩信(xin)(xin)齐名。自(zi)(zi)称—介书(shu)生,年纪太轻,难(nan)担(dan)大任(ren)(ren),要(yao)关羽(yu)多(duo)加指教。关羽(yu)为(wei)人(ren),骄做自(zi)(zi)负,目中无人(ren),读罢陆(lu)逊的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin),仰天大笑,说(shuo)道(dao):“无虑江(jiang)东矣(yi)。”马上(shang)从防守荆(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)守军中调出大部(bu)人(ren)马,一(yi)心一(yi)意攻打樊(fan)城。陆(lu)逊又暗地(di)(di)派(pai)(pai)人(ren)向曹(cao)操通风报信(xin)(xin),约定双方一(yi)起(qi)行动,夹击关羽(yu)。孙权(quan)认定夺(duo)(duo)取(qu)(qu)荆(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)时机(ji)(ji)(ji)已(yi)(yi)(yi)经成(cheng)(cheng)熟,派(pai)(pai)吕蒙(meng)(meng)为(wei)先(xian)锋,向荆(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)进(jin)发。吕蒙(meng)(meng)将精锐(rui)部(bu)队埋伏在改装成(cheng)(cheng)商船(chuan)的(de)(de)战(zhan)舰内,日夜(ye)兼程,突然(ran)袭击,攻下(xia)南部(bu)。关羽(yu)得讯,急忙回师(shi),但为(wei)时已(yi)(yi)(yi)晚,孙权(quan)大军已(yi)(yi)(yi)占领荆(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)。关羽(yu)只得败(bai)走(zou)麦城。

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