中国有多少个姓
20年前对中国姓氏的调(diao)(diao)查(cha)找到了(le)3000多个姓氏。但当时(shi)调(diao)(diao)查(cha)的抽(chou)样率很(hen)低,只统计了(le)57万(wan)人,因(yin)此结果并不可信。”
最近由(you)袁(yuan)义达主持的研究课(ke)题调查人群数量(liang)将近3亿,覆盖(gai)(gai)几十个(ge)县市,基本(ben)上涵盖(gai)(gai)全国。课(ke)题小组总共(gong)花了两年(nian)时间,找(zhao)到(dao)了4100个(ge)姓(xing),并对(dui)人数进行(xing)了统计(ji)。
因此,可以肯(ken)定(ding)的是,现在中国至少有4100个姓(xing)。
全国最大的三个(ge)姓(xing)氏是李、王、张(zhang),分别占总人口的7.9%、7.4%和7.1%。三大姓(xing)氏的总人口达到2.7亿,为世界(jie)上最大的三个(ge)同姓(xing)人群。
袁(yuan)义(yi)达是根据国(guo)家统计(ji)局第(di)三次人口(kou)普查的抽样资料,依据各(ge)地人口(kou)的比例(li)等距离抽样,严格(ge)按(an)照(zhao)统计(ji)学原理(li)获得这一全国(guo)性姓氏数据的。
根据袁义达的研究成果,当(dang)代中(zhong)国(guo)100个常(chang)见姓(xing)氏中(zhong),集(ji)中(zhong)了全国(guo)人口(kou)的87%。其中(zhong),占全国(guo)人口(kou)1%以上(shang)的姓(xing)氏有(you)19个,分(fen)别为李(li)、王、张、刘、陈(chen)、杨、赵(zhao)、黄(huang)、周、吴、徐、孙、胡、朱、高、林、何、郭和马。历史(shi)上(shang),中(zhong)国(guo)大约有(you)一半的人口(kou)一直集(ji)中(zhong)在这(zhei)19个同姓(xing)人群(qun)中(zhong)。
此外,中国的(de)同姓(xing)人(ren)(ren)群在(zai)(zai)地(di)区分布上(shang)也(ye)是不均衡的(de)。在(zai)(zai)北方地(di)区,以王(wang)姓(xing)为(wei)(wei)第(di)一大(da)(da)姓(xing),约占人(ren)(ren)口的(de)9.9%,其(qi)次为(wei)(wei)李、张、刘;在(zai)(zai)南方地(di)区,则以陈姓(xing)为(wei)(wei)第(di)一大(da)(da)姓(xing),大(da)(da)约占人(ren)(ren)口的(de)10.6%,其(qi)次为(wei)(wei)李、黄、林、张;在(zai)(zai)南北过(guo)渡(du)型的(de)长(zhang)江(jiang)流域地(di)区,第(di)一大(da)(da)姓(xing)为(wei)(wei)李,大(da)(da)约占人(ren)(ren)口的(de)7%,其(qi)次为(wei)(wei)王(wang)、张、陈、刘。
袁义达发(fa)现,在我国每一(yi)个省区中,都有一(yi)些出现频率比其它(ta)省区高得多的姓。
广东的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梁(liang)和(he)罗姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),广西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梁(liang)和(he)陆(lu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),福建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)郑(zheng)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),台湾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔡姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),安徽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汪姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),江(jiang)苏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徐(xu)和(he)朱(zhu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),浙江(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毛和(he)沈姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),江(jiang)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)胡和(he)廖姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),湖(hu)北的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)胡姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),湖(hu)南的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)谭姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),四川的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)何和(he)邓姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),贵州的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吴姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),云南的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杨姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),河(he)南的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),甘肃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),宁夏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)万姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),陕西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薛姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),青海的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鲍姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),新(xin)疆(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)马姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),山(shan)东的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),山(shan)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)董和(he)郭姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),内蒙古(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潘姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),东北三省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)于姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
袁义达说:“中国(guo)人的(de)姓氏和分(fen)布是中国(guo)一项特有(you)的(de)国(guo)情,它将涉(she)及到(dao)中华民族的(de)起源、祖宗(zong)们(men)遗(yi)留下来的(de)基因资源的(de)分(fen)布、当今海(hai)内外的(de)寻根和国(guo)家的(de)统一、今后人口发展(zhan)趋势等许多问题,具(ju)有(you)重(zhong)要的(de)意义。”