怎样避免读错汉字
晚读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)课上(shang),语(yu)文(wen)老师(shi)悄悄走到(dao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)清(qing)(qing)(qing)身旁(pang)说道:“清(qing)(qing)(qing)清(qing)(qing)(qing),请你(ni)把(ba)这一(yi)(yi)(yi)段课文(wen)读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)给大(da)家听(ting)听(ting)。”同(tong)(tong)学(xue)们(men)(men)静(jing)下来(lai)听(ting)清(qing)(qing)(qing)清(qing)(qing)(qing)读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)着(zhe):“细雨如丝(si),一(yi)(yi)(yi)棵(ke)(ku#)棵(ke)杨梅树贪(p0n)婪地吮吸着(zhe)春天(tian)的(de)(de)甘露。它们(men)(men)伸展着(zhe)四季常(chang)绿(l))的(de)(de)枝条(tiao),一(yi)(yi)(yi)片片狭(xia)(xia)(ji1)长(zhang)的(de)(de)叶子(zi)在(zai)(zai)雨雾(wu)中欢(huan)笑着(zhe)。”清(qing)(qing)(qing)清(qing)(qing)(qing)读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)完后,老师(shi)问同(tong)(tong)学(xue)们(men)(men):“清(qing)(qing)(qing)清(qing)(qing)(qing)读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)得(de)对吗?”不少同(tong)(tong)学(xue)举(ju)起了(le)(le)小手。“明(ming)明(ming),你(ni)说说。”老师(shi)叫起明(ming)明(ming):“清(qing)(qing)(qing)清(qing)(qing)(qing)把(ba)‘一(yi)(yi)(yi)棵(ke)(k5)棵(ke)’读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)成了(le)(le)‘一(yi)(yi)(yi)棵(ke)(ku3)棵(ke)’;‘贪(tan)婪’错(cuo)(cuo)读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)为(wei)‘贫婪’;‘常(chang)绿(l))’读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)成了(le)(le)‘常(chang)绿(l])’;‘狭(xia)(xia)(xi2)长(zhang)’误(wu)读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)为(wei)“夹长(zhang)’。”“明(ming)明(ming)指出的(de)(de)很正确,同(tong)(tong)学(xue)们(men)(men)想一(yi)(yi)(yi)想,清(qing)(qing)(qing)清(qing)(qing)(qing)读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)错(cuo)(cuo)字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)原因(yin)在(zai)(zai)什(shen)么地方(fang)?”有的(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)学(xue)眨(zha)巴着(zhe)眼(yan)睛,有的(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)学(xue)摸着(zhe)小脑袋。经过一(yi)(yi)(yi)番思索,同(tong)(tong)学(xue)们(men)(men)七(qi)嘴八(ba)舌地议论(lun)起来(lai):清(qing)(qing)(qing)清(qing)(qing)(qing)把(ba)“棵(ke)”读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)成“ku#”,没(mei)有读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)普通话(hua),读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)方(fang)言(yan),“ku#”是(shi)(shi)我们(men)(men)地方(fang)的(de)(de)土(tu)话(hua);把(ba)“贪”读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)成“p0n”是(shi)(shi)没(mei)有分清(qing)(qing)(qing)字(zi)(zi)形,“贪”和(he)“贫”字(zi)(zi)形相近,但读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)音(yin)不同(tong)(tong);“绿”是(shi)(shi)个多音(yin)字(zi)(zi),在(zai)(zai)这里(li)应该读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)“l]”;“狭(xia)(xia)”读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)成“ji1”,只读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)了(le)(le)半边字(zi)(zi)。“同(tong)(tong)学(xue)们(men)(men)讲得(de)很好(hao)。汉字(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)语(yu)言(yan)环境中是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)(zi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)音(yin),一(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)(zi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)义,读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)错(cuo)(cuo)了(le)(le)字(zi)(zi)就不能准确地理(li)解(jie)课文(wen),甚(shen)至(zhi)无法理(li)解(jie)。因(yin)此,我们(men)(men)要避免读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)错(cuo)(cuo)字(zi)(zi)。怎样才能避免读(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)错(cuo)(cuo)汉字(zi)(zi)呢(ni)?一(yi)(yi)(yi)般要注意(yi)这样几(ji)点。
(1)许多同学在(zai)未认识(shi)字之前,日常(chang)语(yu)言(yan)里已开始运用(yong)它了。有些字由于受方(fang)(fang)言(yan)的影(ying)响,读音(yin)(yin)很(hen)不(bu)准确,例如(ru):“南(nan)京(jing)(jing)”,我们这一(yi)带人常(chang)常(chang)读成“nu$京(jing)(jing)”,“继续”读成“继sh4o”。方(fang)(fang)言(yan)很(hen)不(bu)规范(fan),我们要认真学习普(pu)通话,坚(jian)持用(yong)汉语(yu)拼(pin)音(yin)(yin)纠正方(fang)(fang)言(yan)读音(yin)(yin),正确地使(shi)用(yong)祖国的语(yu)言(yan)。
(2)汉字里有许多字形相近的字,形近字的差别都很细小,有的一笔不同,有的局部不同,有的多一点或少一点,有的长一些或短一些,比如:“土”与“士”,“干”与“千”,“今”与“令”,“狠”与“恨”等等,不少同学读错字往往出现在这些大同小异的字形上。因此,在认读汉字时要辨认好字形,分清字形之间的细微差别。