卷(juan)九 庄十一年(nian),尽二(er)十二(er)年(nian)
【经】十有一年,春,王正月。(无传。)
夏,五月,戊寅,公败宋师于鄑。鄑,鲁地。传例曰:“敌未陈曰败某师。”
○鄑,子斯反。
[疏]十一年“公败宋师于鄑”。
○正义曰:往(wang)年(nian)公败宋(song)师于乘(cheng)丘(qiu),今(jin)为乘(cheng)丘(qiu)之役(yi)侵(qin)我,则是报复前怨,鲁(lu)当(dang)无(wu)辞(ci)。亦(yi)不称侵(qin)伐者,庄立以来(lai),未尝犯宋(song),宋(song)党齐伐我,故败于乘(cheng)丘(qiu)。今(jin)复重来(lai),更是宋(song)之可责。非鲁(lu)罪(zui)也。
秋,宋大水。公使(shi)吊(diao)之,故书。
冬,王姬归于齐。鲁主昏,不(bu)书齐侯逆,不(bu)见公。
【传】十一年,夏,宋为乘丘之役故,侵我。公御之。宋师未陈而薄之,败诸鄑。凡师,敌未陈曰败某师,(通谓设权谲变诈以胜敌,彼我不得成列,成列而不得用,故以未陈独败为文。
○为乘,于(yu)伪反(fan)。陈,直觐反(fan),下及(ji)注皆同(tong)。)
[疏]注“通谓”至“为文”。
○正义曰:设(she)权谲变诈以胜敌者(zhe),谓若长勺之(zhi)(zhi)役,待(dai)齐(qi)人三鼓气(qi)衰,乃(nai)击之(zhi)(zhi);定十四年(nian)槜李之(zhi)(zhi)役,越子患吴(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)整,使罪人属剑自刭,吴(wu)(wu)师(shi)属之(zhi)(zhi)目(mu),越子因而伐之(zhi)(zhi)。此二者(zhe)敌虽已陈,设(she)权胜之(zhi)(zhi),成(cheng)列(lie)(lie)而不得(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)也。此及昭元年(nian)晋(jin)荀吴(wu)(wu)败狄于大卤,传皆云“未陈而薄(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)”,是其未成(cheng)列(lie)(lie)也。彼我不得(de)(de)成(cheng)列(lie)(lie),与(yu)成(cheng)列(lie)(lie)而不得(de)(de)用(yong)(yong),皆以未陈独败为文,言彼不能拒,而此独克之(zhi)(zhi)也。昭五年(nian),叔弓败莒(ju)师(shi)于蚡(fen)泉,传曰“莒(ju)未陈也”。此已发(fa)例,彼复发(fa)者(zhe),《释(shi)例》曰:“鲁败宋(song)莒(ju),再发(fa)未陈之(zhi)(zhi)例者(zhe),嫌君臣有异也。”
皆陈曰战,坚而(er)有(you)备,各得其所,成败决於志(zhi)力者也。
[疏]注“坚而”至“者也”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue):战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)者(zhe),共斗(dou)之(zhi)辞。彼此成列,权无所(suo)施,故(gu)为各(ge)(ge)得其(qi)所(suo),成败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)决於志力者(zhe)也(ye)。两(liang)国交战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),必有(you)胜负(fu)。或有(you)未至成败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),各(ge)(ge)自收敛(lian),故(gu)有(you)言战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)言败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)者(zhe)。桓(huan)十年“齐侯、郑伯来(lai)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)于郎”,十二年“及郑师伐(fa)宋,丁(ding)未,战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)于宋”,如此之(zhi)类,交战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)而(er)未至於败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),故(gu)不(bu)书(shu)(shu)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)。或有(you)彼实未陈(chen),应从未陈(chen)之(zhi)例(li),亦书(shu)(shu)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)者(zhe),或有(you)实败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)而(er)不(bu)书(shu)(shu)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)者(zhe),皆(jie)从告(gao)辞也(ye)。《释例(li)》曰(yue):“令狐(hu)之(zhi)役,晋人潜师夜(ye)(ye)起,而(er)书(shu)(shu)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)者(zhe),晋讳背(bei)其(qi)前意,而(er)夜(ye)(ye)薄(bo)秦师,以战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)告(gao)也(ye)。河曲之(zhi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),秦、晋交绥;长岸之(zhi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),吴(wu)、楚两(liang)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),交绥并退,军士(shi)未慭,吴(wu)楚俱病,莫(mo)肯(ken)以告(gao)。故(gu)皆(jie)书(shu)(shu)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)而(er)不(bu)书(shu)(shu)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)。邲之(zhi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),上(shang)军先陈(chen),林(lin)父乃败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),故(gu)书(shu)(shu)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)又书(shu)(shu)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)。
大崩曰败绩,师徒桡败,若沮岸崩山,丧其功绩,故曰败绩。
○桡(rao),乃孝反(fan),一音乃巧反(fan)。沮(ju),在吕反(fan),坏也,一音子(zi)馀反(fan)。岸(an)崩(beng)谓之沮(ju)。丧(sang),息浪反(fan)。
[疏]注“师徒”至“败绩”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):“师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)徒(tu)挠败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)”,成(cheng)(cheng)二(er)(er)年传(chuan)文。《穀(gu)梁(liang)传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“高(gao)曰(yue)(yue)崩(beng),厚(hou)曰(yue)(yue)崩(beng)。”解其师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)高(gao)厚(hou)而称(cheng)崩(beng)意。沮(ju)训坏也(ye),沮(ju)岸(an),谓河岸(an)崩(beng)也(ye)。师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)旅大败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),似岸(an)崩(beng)、山崩(beng)也(ye)。绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)训为功(gong)(gong),丧其功(gong)(gong)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),故曰(yue)(yue)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。诸言败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe),皆(jie)云某(mou)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),唯(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)十六(liu)年言“楚子(zi)、郑师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe),《释例》曰(yue)(yue):“鄢陵之(zhi)战(zhan)(zhan),楚师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)徒(tu)未大崩(beng),楚子(zi)伤(shang)目而退,故指(zhi)事而言也(ye),言楚子(zi)身败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),非(fei)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye),故言楚子(zi)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。”僖十五(wu)年“晋侯及(ji)秦(qin)伯战(zhan)(zhan)于韩,获(huo)晋侯”。其君彼获(huo),而不书(shu)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)者(zhe),晋侯戎马还泞(ning)而止,为秦(qin)所获(huo),师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不大崩(beng),故不书(shu)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)。城濮之(zhi)战(zhan)(zhan),传(chuan)称(cheng)楚左右师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)溃,子(zi)玉收其卒而止,故不败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。是二(er)(er)军败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),而经书(shu)“败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”。鄢陵之(zhi)战(zhan)(zhan),传(chuan)称(cheng)子(zi)反曰(yue)(yue)“臣之(zhi)卒实奔”,是一军败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),而杜云师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)未大崩(beng)。然(ran)则绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)是大崩(beng)之(zhi)名(ming),败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)多存少,乃称(cheng)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)少存多,则不称(cheng)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)。
得儁曰克,谓若大叔段之比,才力足以服众,威权足以自固。进不成,为外寇强敌,退复狡壮,有二君之难,而实非二君,克而胜之,则不言彼败绩,但书所克之名。
○儁(jun)音俊,本或作俊。比(bi),必利(li)反(fan)。复,扶又反(fan)。狡壮,交卯反(fan),下测亮反(fan)。难,乃旦反(fan)。
[疏]注“谓若”至“之名”。
○正义曰:克(ke)训胜(sheng)也。战胜(sheng)其(qi)师(shi),获得其(qi)军内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)雄(xiong)儁者,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云“得儁曰克(ke)”。《春(chun)秋(qiu)》称“克(ke)”者,唯有叔(shu)(shu)段(duan)一事而已。既非敌国(guo)相(xiang)伐,又(you)非君之(zhi)(zhi)讨臣,而於战陈之(zhi)(zhi)例(li)别立此(ci)名。彼(bi)传复云:“如二君,故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰克(ke)。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)具迹叔(shu)(shu)段(duan)之(zhi)(zhi)事以充之(zhi)(zhi)。凡例(li)乃是旧典,非独(du)为段(duan)发,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云“叔(shu)(shu)段(duan)之(zhi)(zhi)比”。《释例(li)》与此(ci)尽同。
覆而败之曰(yue)取某师,覆,谓威力兼备,若罗网(wang)所掩(yan)覆,一军皆见禽制,故(gu)以取为文。
[疏]注“覆谓”至“为文”。
○正义(yi)曰:取(qu)(qu)(qu)谓尽取(qu)(qu)(qu),无(wu)遗漏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)。哀九(jiu)年“宋皇(huang)瑗取(qu)(qu)(qu)郑师(shi)(shi)(shi)于雍丘”,传称:“皇(huang)瑗围郑师(shi)(shi)(shi),每(mei)日迁舍,垒(lei)合,郑师(shi)(shi)(shi)哭”。是(shi)自(zi)知(zhi)(zhi)尽死(si),无(wu)逃逸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路也(ye)。又曰“使有能者(zhe)无(wu)死(si)”,是(shi)其(qi)合军(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,死(si)生(sheng)在(zai)宋也(ye)。取(qu)(qu)(qu)状如此(ci),而云(yun)覆而败(bai)(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)如罗网掩(yan)覆,一军(jun)皆见禽制,故(gu)(gu)以取(qu)(qu)(qu)为(wei)文。服(fu)虔云(yun):“覆,隐也(ye),设(she)伏而败(bai)(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。谓攻其(qi)无(wu)备,出(chu)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)意(yi),敌人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi),败(bai)(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易,故(gu)(gu)曰取(qu)(qu)(qu)。”即如服(fu)言,与(yu)未陈何(he)异?而别以为(wei)例(li),为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取(qu)(qu)(qu)也(ye)?荀吴败(bai)(bai)狄于大(da)原,於越败(bai)(bai)吴于槜李,并攻其(qi)无(wu)备,出(chu)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)意(yi),而经不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言取(qu)(qu)(qu)。郑二公子败(bai)(bai)燕师(shi)(shi)(shi)于北(bei)制,郑人(ren)大(da)败(bai)(bai)戎师(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)设(she)伏败(bai)(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而传不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言取(qu)(qu)(qu)。服(fu)谓此(ci)为(wei)取(qu)(qu)(qu)何(he)也(ye)?宋围郑师(shi)(shi)(shi),垒(lei)合而哭,自(zi)知(zhi)(zhi)必败(bai)(bai),非敌人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi),而书(shu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)何(he)也(ye)?
京师败曰王师败绩于某。王者无敌於天下,天下非所得与战者。然春秋之世,据有其事,事列於经,则不得不因申其义。有时而败,则以自败为文,明天下莫之得校。
○京师败,本(ben)或作京师败绩者,非。校音教。
[疏]注“王者”至“得校”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):此亦周公旧(jiu)凡(fan)(fan),杜解(jie)旧(jiu)凡(fan)(fan)之(zhi)意(yi)。得(de)有王师(shi)败(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)者,以周公制礼,理包(bao)盛衰,故(gu)《周礼》载大(da)丧及(ji)王师(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)功(gong)之(zhi)事,故(gu)旧(jiu)凡(fan)(fan)例有败(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)之(zhi)文。杜以尊卑逆顺言之(zhi),天(tian)(tian)王不(bu)(bu)(bu)应有战败(bai)(bai)(bai)之(zhi)事,遂(sui)申(shen)说(shuo)凡(fan)(fan)例,故(gu)云:“无敌於天(tian)(tian)下,天(tian)(tian)下非(fei)所得(de)与(yu)战者。然春秋之(zhi)世,据有其事。”成元年,王师(shi)败(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)于茅戎,是事列於经(jing),丘明不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)因申(shen)旧(jiu)凡(fan)(fan)之(zhi)义(yi)。苏氏之(zhi)说(shuo),义(yi)亦如(ru)此。沈(shen)氏不(bu)(bu)(bu)解(jie)杜意(yi),以京师(shi)败(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)非(fei)周公旧(jiu)凡(fan)(fan),是孔子(zi)新意(yi),丘明为传,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)因申(shen)孔子(zi)新意(yi)之(zhi)义(yi)。刘炫亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)达杜旨(zhi),谓杜与(yu)沈(shen)氏意(yi)同,非(fei)也。
秋,宋大水。公使吊焉,曰:“天作淫雨,害於粢盛,若之何不吊?不为天所愍吊。对曰:“孤实不敬,天降之灾,又以为君忧,拜命之辱。”谢辱厚命。臧文仲曰:“宋其兴乎!臧文仲,鲁大夫。禹、汤罪己,其兴也悖焉;悖,盛貌。
○悖,蒲忽反,一作勃,同。桀、纣罪人,其亡也忽焉。忽,速貌。
○纣,直久反。
[疏]“禹、汤罪己,桀、纣罪人”。
○正义曰:《汤(tang)诰》云(yun):“其尔万(wan)方有(you)罪(zui)(zui),在(zai)予一人。”是(shi)罪(zui)(zui)己也(ye)(ye)。《泰誓》数纣(zhou)之罪(zui)(zui),云(yun):“焚炙忠(zhong)良,刳剔孕妇(fu)。”是(shi)罪(zui)(zui)人也(ye)(ye)。禹、桀之时书(shu)多亡矣(yi),固(gu)亦应(ying)有(you)此事。沈引《帝王世纪》云(yun):“禹见罪(zui)(zui)人,下(xia)车泣之。”是(shi)罪(zui)(zui)己也(ye)(ye)。桀杀关龙逢,是(shi)罪(zui)(zui)人也(ye)(ye)。
且列(lie)国有凶,称孤,礼也。列(lie)国,诸侯。无凶则常称寡(gua)人。
[疏]注“列国”至“寡人”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):列(lie)国(guo),谓大(da)国(guo)也(ye)。《曲礼》曰(yue):“庶(shu)方(fang)小侯(hou),自(zi)(zi)称曰(yue)孤(gu)。诸侯(hou)与民言,自(zi)(zi)称曰(yue)寡人(ren)。其在凶(xiong)服,曰(yue)適子孤(gu)。”郑玄云:“与臣言亦自(zi)(zi)谓寡人(ren)。”是无凶(xiong)则常称寡人(ren),有凶(xiong)则称孤(gu)也(ye)。
言惧而名礼,其庶乎!”言惧,罪己;名礼,称孤;其庶,庶几於兴。
○“言惧而名礼”,绝句。或以“名”绝句者,非。既而闻之曰:“公子御说之辞也。”宋庄公子。
○御(yu)(yu),鱼吕反,本或作御(yu)(yu)。说(shuo)音悦。臧(zang)孙达曰:“是宜为君,有恤民之心。”
[疏]“既而”至“之心”。
○正义曰:谓(wei)御(yu)说明年为(wei)君之后,方始(shi)闻之,闻之时已为(wei)君,故(gu)云(yun)是人宜(yi)其为(wei)君也。传以御(yu)说有礼,故(gu)以此(ci)言实之。
冬,齐侯来逆共姬。齐桓公也。
○共音恭。
乘丘之役,在十年。公以金仆姑射南宫长万,金仆姑,矢名。南宫长万,宋大夫。
○射(she),食亦反(fan)。长,丁丈反(fan)。
[疏]注“金仆姑,矢名”。
○正义(yi)曰:用(yong)之射人,必知是矢;其名仆姑,其义(yi)未闻。
公右歂孙生搏之。搏,取也。不书获,万时未为卿。
○歂(chuan),市专(zhuan)反。搏音博。
[疏]“公右颛孙生搏之”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:《檀弓》云:“鲁庄公(gong)及宋(song)人(ren)战于(yu)乘(cheng)丘(qiu)县(xian),贲(bi)父御,卜国为右。”车右与此不同(tong)者(zhe),《礼记(ji)(ji)(ji)》后(hou)人(ren)所(suo)录,闻於(wu)所(suo)闻之口,其事未必(bi)(bi)实(shi)也。案传(chuan)云:“公(gong)子(zi)偃先(xian)犯宋(song)师,公(gong)从而大败之。”则本非交战。《礼记(ji)(ji)(ji)》称“马惊,败绩(ji),公(gong)队,佐(zuo)车授绥,御与车右皆死之”。必(bi)(bi)如《记(ji)(ji)(ji)》言,则是鲁师败绩(ji),安得称“公(gong)败宋(song)师于(yu)乘(cheng)丘(qiu)?”传(chuan)、《记(ji)(ji)(ji)》不同(tong),固(gu)当(dang)《记(ji)(ji)(ji)》文(wen)妄耳(er)。
宋人请之,宋公靳之,戏而相愧曰靳。鲁听其得还。
○靳(jin),居觐反;服(fu)云,耻(chi)而恶之曰靳(jin)。
[疏]注“戏而”至“得还”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):服(fu)虔云(yun)“耻而恶之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)靳”。传(chuan)称“宋人(ren)请(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)”,若(ruo)是(shi)耻恶其人(ren),不应(ying)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)请(qing)鲁。故(gu)杜(du)以(yi)为(wei)“戏而相(xiang)愧曰(yue)靳”。郑玄注《礼记·儒(ru)(ru)行》云(yun):“遭人(ren)名为(wei)儒(ru)(ru),而以(yi)儒(ru)(ru)靳故(gu)相(xiang)戏。”俗(su)有靳故(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)语(yu),知是(shi)戏而相(xiang)愧之(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)。《公(gong)羊传(chuan)》以(yi)为(wei),宋万“与闵公(gong)博,妇人(ren)皆在侧。万曰(yue):‘甚(shen)矣!鲁侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)淑,鲁侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)!’闵公(gong)矜此妇人(ren),妒(du)其言,曰(yue):‘此虏也(ye)(ye)。鲁侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)恶乎至(zhi)?’”何(he)休(xiu)云(yun):“恶乎至(zhi),犹何(he)所至(zhi)。”“万怒(nu),搏(bo)闵公(gong),绝其脰。”是(shi)其靳之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
曰:“始,吾敬子。今子,鲁囚也(ye),吾弗(fu)敬子矣(yi)!”病之。万(wan)不以为戏,而以为已病,为宋万(wan)弑君传(chuan)。
【经】十有二年,春,王三月,纪叔姬归于酅。(无传。纪侯去国而死,叔姬归鲁。纪季自定於齐而后归之。全守节义以终妇道,故系之纪而以初嫁为文,贤之也。来归不书,非宁,且非大归。
○酅音携。)
[疏]十二年注“纪侯”至“大归”。
○正义曰(yue):《公羊(yang)传》曰(yue):“其(qi)言归于酅何(he)(he)?隐之也(ye)。何(he)(he)隐尔?其(qi)国亡矣,徒归于叔尔。”《穀梁传》曰(yue):“其(qi)曰(yue)归何(he)(he)?吾女(nv)也(ye)。夫(fu)国喜得(de)其(qi)所,故言归焉尔。”杜略(lve)取彼意为(wei)说,《释例》与此尽(jin)同,大意以其(qi)贤,愍其(qi)国亡,乃(nai)依附於叔,故书之耳。
夏,四月。
秋,八月,甲午,宋万弑其君捷及其大夫仇牧。捷,闵公,不书,葬,乱也。万及仇牧皆宋卿。仇牧称名,不警而遇贼,无善事可褒。
○警,居领反。
[疏]注“捷闵”至“可褒”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):隐十一年《公羊传》曰(yue):“君(jun)弑(shi),臣不(bu)(bu)讨(tao)贼,非(fei)臣也(ye);子不(bu)(bu)复雠,非(fei)子也(ye)。葬,生(sheng)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。《春(chun)秋》君(jun)弑(shi),贼不(bu)(bu)讨(tao),不(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)葬,以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)不(bu)(bu)系乎臣子也(ye)。”《左氏》无(wu)此(ci)义(yi),故(gu)(gu)杜明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)葬,为(wei)乱故(gu)(gu)也(ye)。凡葬,鲁不(bu)(bu)会(hui)则不(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu),若(ruo)使宋乱不(bu)(bu)葬,鲁本无(wu)可会(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理,兼见此(ci)义(yi),故(gu)(gu)言乱也(ye)。万(wan)及仇牧,并名(ming)见於(wu)经(jing),知皆(jie)卿(qing)也(ye)。万(wan)不(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)氏者,《释例》曰(yue):“宋万(wan),贾氏以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)未赐族。案(an)传称南宫长万(wan),则为(wei)已(yi)氏南宫,不(bu)(bu)得为(wei)未赐族也(ye)。推寻经(jing)文(wen),自庄公以(yi)(yi)(yi)上诸(zhu)弑(shi)君(jun)者,皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)氏,闵公以(yi)(yi)(yi)下皆(jie)书(shu)(shu)氏,亦足明时史(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)同(tong),非(fei)仲(zhong)尼所皆(jie)贬(bian)也(ye)。”是杜意以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)史(shi)有(you)详(xiang)略,无(wu)义(yi)例也(ye)。文(wen)八(ba)年,宋人杀其(qi)大(da)夫司(si)马,传曰(yue):“司(si)马握节以(yi)(yi)(yi)死,故(gu)(gu)书(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)官。”然则有(you)善(shan)可褒,当变文(wen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)见义(yi),此(ci)仇牧书(shu)(shu)名(ming),不(bu)(bu)警而遇贼,无(wu)善(shan)可褒,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)变其(qi)文(wen)。《公羊》书(shu)(shu)其(qi)“不(bu)(bu)畏彊御”,故(gu)(gu)言此(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)异(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
冬(dong),十月,宋万出奔陈。奔例在宣十年。
【传(chuan)】十二年,秋(qiu),宋(song)万弑闵公于蒙泽(ze)。(蒙泽(ze),宋(song)地。梁国有蒙县。)
[疏]注“蒙泽”至“蒙县”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):昭(zhao)十(shi)三年,楚(chu)弑(shi)(shi)其君虔(qian)于(yu)乾谿(qi),书地。此弑(shi)(shi)闵(min)公于(yu)蒙(meng)泽,不书地者,《释例(li)》曰(yue):“先儒(ru)旁采(cai)二(er)传,横生异例(li)。宋之(zhi)蒙(meng)泽,楚(chu)之(zhi)乾谿(qi),俱在国(guo)内。闵(min)公之(zhi)弑(shi)(shi),则以不书蒙(meng)泽国(guo)内为义(yi),楚(chu)弑(shi)(shi)灵(ling)王,复以地乾谿(qi)为失所,明仲尼本不以为义(yi)例(li),则丘明亦无异文(wen)也。”是(shi)亦言史自详略,无义(yi)例(li)也。
遇仇牧于门,批而杀之。手批之也。
○批,普迷反,又蒲穴反;《字林》云,击也,父节反。遇大宰督于东宫之西,又杀之。杀督不书,宋不以告。
○大音(yin)泰。立(li)子(zi)游,子(zi)游,宋公子(zi)。
[疏]注“子游宋公子”。
○正义曰:《世(shi)族谱》:“子(zi)游,杂人,不(bu)知何公之子(zi)。”
群公子奔萧,公子御说奔亳。萧,宋邑,今沛国萧县,亳,宋邑,蒙县西北有亳城。
○亳,步各反。南宫牛、猛获帅师围亳。牛,长万之子。猛获,其党。
○冬,十(shi)月,萧(xiao)叔大(da)心叔,萧(xiao)大(da)夫名。
[疏]注“叔萧大夫名”。
○正义曰:卿大夫(fu)采邑之(zhi)长(zhang)则(ze)谓之(zhi)宰,公(gong)邑之(zhi)长(zhang)则(ze)曰大夫(fu),此则(ze)是(shi)宋萧(xiao)邑大夫(fu)也。以此年(nian)有(you)功,宋人(ren)以萧(xiao)邑别封(feng)其(qi)人(ren)为附庸(yong)。二十(shi)三年(nian)经书“萧(xiao)叔(shu)朝(chao)公(gong)”,附庸(yong)例(li)称名,故杜(du)以叔(shu)为名。
及戴、武、宣、穆、庄之族,宋五公之子孙。以曹师伐之。杀南宫牛于师,杀子游于宋,立桓公。桓公,御说。猛获奔卫;南宫万奔陈,以乘车辇其母,一日而至。乘车,非兵车。驾人曰辇。宋去陈二百六十里,言万之多力。
○“南宫万奔陈”,本或作“长万”,“长”衍字也,下亦然。乘,绳证反,注同。宋人请猛获于卫。卫人欲勿与,石祁子曰:“不可!石祁子,卫大夫。天下之恶一也,恶於宋而保於我,保之何补?得一夫而失一国,与恶而弃好,非谋也。”宋、卫本同好国。
○好,呼报(bao)反,注同(tong)。卫人(ren)归(gui)之(zhi)。亦(yi)请南宫(gong)万于(yu)陈(chen),以赂。
[疏]“于陈,以(yi)赂(lu)。”正义曰:断“以(yi)赂(lu)”为句,言用赂(lu)请(qing)于陈也。请(qing)猛获于卫,不言以(yi)赂(lu),盖於卫无赂(lu)。
陈人使妇人饮之酒,而以犀革裹之。比及宋,手足皆见。宋人皆醢之,醢,肉酱。并醢猛获,故言“皆”。
○“亦请南宫(gong)长万於(wu)陈以(yi)赂”绝句。饮,於(wu)鸩反。犀音(yin)(yin)西(xi)。裹(guo)音(yin)(yin)果(guo)。比,必利(li)反。见,贤遍反。醢音(yin)(yin)海(hai)。
【经】十有三年,春,齐侯、宋人、陈人、蔡人、邾人会于北杏。(北杏,齐地。
○杏,户猛反。)
夏,六月,齐人灭遂。遂国在济北蛇丘县东北。
○蛇音移。
秋,七月。
冬,公会齐侯,盟于柯。此柯,今济北东阿,齐之阿邑。犹祝柯今为祝阿。
○柯,古何反。
【传】十三年,春,会于北杏,以平(ping)宋乱。(宋有弑(shi)君之乱,齐桓欲脩霸业(ye)。)
[疏]十三年传注“宋有”至“霸业”。
○正义曰:桓二年“会(hui)(hui)于稷,以成宋(song)(song)乱”者,为(wei)会(hui)(hui)之意,欲(yu)平除宋(song)(song)督弑君(jun)之贼。此云“平宋(song)(song)乱”者,宋(song)(song)万已诛,宋(song)(song)新(xin)立君(jun),其位未定(ding),齐桓欲(yu)脩(xiu)霸业,为(wei)会(hui)(hui)以安定(ding)之,非欲(yu)平除新(xin)君(jun),故(gu)宋(song)(song)人听(ting)命,来列於(wu)会(hui)(hui)也。
遂人不至。
夏,齐人灭遂而戍(shu)之。戍(shu),守(shou)也。
冬,盟于柯,始及齐平也。始与齐桓通好。
○好,呼(hu)报反。
宋人背北杏之会。
○背音佩。十四年经(jing)、注同。
【经】十(shi)有(you)四年(nian),春,齐人(ren)、陈人(ren)、曹人(ren)伐宋。(背北杏会故(gu)。)
夏(xia),单伯会(hui)伐(fa)宋(song)。既伐(fa)宋(song),单伯乃(nai)至,故曰会(hui)伐(fa)宋(song)。单伯,周大(da)夫。
[疏]“十四年注既伐”至“大夫”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:传称“诸侯伐(fa)(fa)宋,齐请师(shi)于周”,则伐(fa)(fa)事巳成,单伯(bo)始至,故(gu)云(yun)“会(hui)伐(fa)(fa)宋”,言(yan)来就宋地会(hui)之也。元年注云(yun)“单伯(bo),天子卿也”,此(ci)云(yun)“周大夫(fu)”者,大夫(fu)亦卿之总号,故(gu)两(liang)言(yan)之。
秋(qiu),七月(yue),荆(jing)入蔡。入例在文十五年。
冬,单伯会齐侯、宋公、卫侯、郑伯于鄄。鄄,卫地,今东郡鄄城也。齐桓脩霸业,卒平宋乱,宋人服从,欲归功天子,故赴以单伯会诸侯为文。
○于鄄(juan),音(yin)绢。甄城,音(yin)绢,一音(yin)真,或(huo)音(yin)盭,又举(ju)然反;或(huo)作鄄(juan)。
[疏]“单伯”至“于鄄”。
○正义曰:《春(chun)秋》因鲁(lu)(lu)史之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,鲁(lu)(lu)史自(zi)(zi)书其(qi)事(shi),会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)他国(guo)者(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)言(yan)已往(wang)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)问(wen)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)臣,会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)鲁(lu)(lu)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)字(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。若(ruo)微(wei)人(ren)往(wang)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),则(ze)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)上(shang)(shang)无字(zi),直言(yan)其(qi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),明鲁(lu)(lu)往(wang)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微(wei)人(ren),不(bu)(bu)(bu)合书名,书其(qi)所(suo)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)而(er)已,十(shi)六(liu)年(nian),“会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、宋(song)公、陈(chen)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、郑(zheng)伯、许(xu)男、滑伯、滕子(zi)同盟于(yu)幽”,是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。若(ruo)鲁(lu)(lu)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu),而(er)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)自(zi)(zi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),则(ze)并(bing)序(xu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),言(yan)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)于(yu)某(mou),十(shi)五(wu)年(nian),“齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、宋(song)公、陈(chen)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、郑(zheng)伯会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)于(yu)鄄(juan)”,是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。虽(sui)霸(ba)主(zhu)(zhu)召会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),霸(ba)主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身列(lie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)耳(er),不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)霸(ba)主(zhu)(zhu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),以(yi)其(qi)俱(ju)是(shi)(shi)王臣,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)与(yu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)故也(ye);若(ruo)霸(ba)主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)遣大(da)(da)夫往(wang)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),虽(sui)政在(zai)(zai)(zai)霸(ba)国(guo),大(da)(da)夫名列(lie)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),由非(fei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu),列(lie)位(wei)从(cong)其(qi)班爵,文十(shi)四(si)年(nian),“公会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)宋(song)公、陈(chen)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、郑(zheng)伯、许(xu)男、曹伯、晋赵(zhao)盾,同盟于(yu)新城”,是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。若(ruo)王臣在(zai)(zai)(zai)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),不(bu)(bu)(bu)问(wen)尊卑,皆(jie)(jie)列(lie)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang),僖八年(nian),“公会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)王人(ren)、齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、宋(song)公、卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、许(xu)男、曹伯、陈(chen)世子(zi)款(kuan)盟于(yu)洮”,九年(nian),“公会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)宰周公、齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、宋(song)子(zi)、卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、郑(zheng)伯、许(xu)男、曹伯于(yu)葵丘”,是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。此会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)鲁(lu)(lu)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu),单(dan)伯宜列(lie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang),下(xia)言(yan)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)于(yu)鄄(juan)耳(er)。今会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)字(zi)乃(nai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang),是(shi)(shi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)桓归(gui)功天子(zi),故赴(fu)以(yi)单(dan)伯会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)文,所(suo)以(yi)尊天子(zi)、示名义也(ye)。此会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)鲁(lu)(lu)自(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu),鲁(lu)(lu)所(suo)与(yu)者(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)鲁(lu)(lu)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang),史文以(yi)鲁(lu)(lu)为(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)耳(er)。当会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,以(yi)大(da)(da)小为(wei)序(xu),鲁(lu)(lu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)。《释例》曰:“鲁(lu)(lu)为(wei)《春(chun)秋》主(zhu)(zhu),常列(lie)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)上(shang)(shang),非(fei)其(qi)实次也(ye)。子(zi)帛,卿也(ye),依鲁(lu)(lu)大(da)(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比,列(lie)於莒上(shang)(shang),故传曰‘鲁(lu)(lu)故也(ye)’。叔孙豹曰‘宋(song)、卫(wei)(wei),吾匹也(ye)’,又曰‘诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),寡君未(wei)尝(chang)后卫(wei)(wei)君’,是(shi)(shi)鲁(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)卫(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)。宋(song)既先(xian)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,又襄公一合诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),以(yi)绍(shao)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)桓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯,宋(song)在(zai)(zai)(zai)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang),则(ze)鲁(lu)(lu)次宋(song)也(ye)。”
【传(chuan)】十四年,春,诸侯伐(fa)宋,齐(qi)请师于周。(齐(qi)欲崇天子(zi),故请师。假王命以示大顺。经书人(ren),传(chuan)言诸侯者(zhe),总(zong)众国之辞。)
[疏]注“齐欲”至“之辞”。
○正义曰(yue):齐既以诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伐宋,而更请师(shi)(shi)于周者(zhe),齐桓始脩霸(ba)业,方欲(yu)尊崇天(tian)子(zi),故请师(shi)(shi),假(jia)王(wang)命(ming)以示(shi)(shi)大顺耳,非(fei)虑伐不(bu)克而藉王(wang)威也(ye)。经(jing)书(shu)人,而传言诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),先儒(ru)以为(wei),诸(zhu)(zhu)如此(ci)(ci)辈,皆(jie)(jie)是诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身。《释例(li)(li)》曰(yue):“传灭(mie)入(ru)例(li)(li),‘卫侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)毁灭(mie)邢。同姓(xing),故名(ming)’。又(you)云‘穀伯绥、邓(deng)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)吾离(li)来朝。名(ming),贱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)’。又(you)云‘不(bu)书(shu)蔡、许之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun),乘楚车也(ye),谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失位’。此(ci)(ci)皆(jie)(jie)贬(bian)(bian)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例(li)(li),例(li)(li)不(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人也(ye)。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)在(zai)事,传有明文(wen),而经(jing)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人者(zhe),凡(fan)十一条,丘明不(bu)示(shi)(shi)其(qi)义。而诸(zhu)(zhu)儒(ru)皆(jie)(jie)据(ju)案生(sheng)意,原无所(suo)出。贬(bian)(bian)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)而去(qu)爵称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人,是为(wei)君(jun)臣同文(wen),非(fei)正等差之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)(wei)也(ye)。又(you)澶(chan)渊(yuan),大夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会,传曰(yue)‘不(bu)义其(qi)人’,案经(jing)皆(jie)(jie)去(qu)名(ming)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人。至诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)亲城(cheng)缘(yuan)陵,传亦(yi)(yi)曰(yue)‘不(bu)书(shu)其(qi)人’,而经(jing)总称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),此(ci)(ci)大夫(fu)及诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)经(jing)、传所(suo)以为(wei)别也(ye)。通校《春秋》,自宣公(gong)五(wu)年以下百数十年,诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)咎甚(shen)多(duo),而皆(jie)(jie)无贬(bian)(bian)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人者(zhe),益(yi)明此(ci)(ci)盖(gai)当时告命(ming)记注(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi),非(fei)仲(zhong)尼所(suo)以为(wei)例(li)(li)故也(ye)。”是言诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贬(bian)(bian),或书(shu)名(ming),或没而不(bu)书(shu),必不(bu)得称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人,故以此(ci)(ci)经(jing)书(shu)人,传言诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),为(wei)总众国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞。僖元年,齐师(shi)(shi)、宋师(shi)(shi)、曹师(shi)(shi)救邢,於(wu)例(li)(li)将卑师(shi)(shi)众称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)师(shi)(shi),则三国皆(jie)(jie)大夫(fu)帅也(ye),传称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)救邢,亦(yi)(yi)是总众国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞,与此(ci)(ci)同也(ye)。
夏,单伯会之,取成于宋(song)而还。
郑厉公自栎侵郑,厉公以桓十五年入栎,遂居之。
○栎音历。及大陵,获傅瑕。大陵,郑地。傅瑕,郑大夫。傅瑕曰:“苟舍我,吾请纳君。”与之盟而赦之。六月,甲子,傅瑕杀郑子及其二子,而纳厉公。郑子,庄四年称伯,会诸侯。今见杀,不称君,无谥者,微弱,臣子不以君礼成丧告诸侯。
○舍(she)音舍(she)。郑子,子仪(yi)。初,内蛇(she)与外(wai)蛇(she)斗(dou)於郑南门(men)中,内蛇(she)死(si)。六年而厉公(gong)入(ru)。
[疏]“六年而厉公入”。
○服(fu)虔云:“蛇,北方(fang)水物,水成(cheng)数六,故六年而厉公入。”
公闻之,问於申繻曰:“犹有妖乎?”对曰:“人之所忌,其气焰以取之。妖由人兴也。《尚书·洛诰》:“无若火始焰焰。”未盛而进退之时,以喻人心不坚正。
○蛇,市奢反。繻(xu)音须。妖,於骄反。焰以,音艳。诰,古报反。人无衅焉,妖不(bu)自作。人弃常,则妖兴,故有妖。”
[疏]“犹有”至“有妖”。
○正(zheng)义曰:公闻厉(li)公之(zhi)入,问(wen)於申(shen)繻(xu)(xu)曰:犹(you)有蛇妖(yao),而厉(li)公得(de)(de)入乎?古者由(you)、犹(you)二字(zi)义得(de)(de)通用。申(shen)繻(xu)(xu)对公曰:人之(zhi)所忌,谓子仪畏惧厉(li)公,心不(bu)坚正(zheng),其畏忌之(zhi)气焰焰未盛而进退(tui)之(zhi)时,以(yi)取此妖(yao)来应人也(ye)。蛇斗之(zhi)事(shi),由(you)人兴(xing)也(ye)。若使(shi)人无衅隙焉,则(ze)(ze)妖(yao)孽不(bu)能(neng)自(zi)作。人弃(qi)其常(chang),则(ze)(ze)妖(yao)自(zi)兴(xing),以(yi)此故有妖(yao)。弃(qi)常(chang),谓既不(bu)能(neng)彊,又不(bu)能(neng)弱(ruo),失常(chang)度也(ye)。
厉公入,遂杀傅瑕。使谓原繁曰:“傅瑕贰,言有二心於已。
○衅,许靳反。周有常刑,既伏其罪矣。纳我而无二心者,吾皆许之上大夫之事,吾原与伯父图之。上大夫,卿也。伯父谓原繁,疑原繁有二心。且寡人出,伯父无里言。无纳我之言。
○里音里。入,又不念寡人,不亲附已。寡人憾焉!”对曰:“先君桓公命我先人典司宗礻石。桓公,郑始受封君也。宗礻石,宗庙中藏主石室。言已世为宗庙守臣。
○憾,户暗反。礻(shi)石音石,藏主石函也。守,手又反。
[疏]注“桓公”至“守臣”。
○正(zheng)义曰:桓(huan)公初封(feng)西郑,盖其畿内之(zhi)国(guo)。周礼,王(wang)子母弟有功者,得立祖王(wang)之(zhi)庙(miao),故桓(huan)公始(shi)封(feng)为君,即命臣使典宗(zong)礻(shi)(shi)石(shi)。宗(zong)礻(shi)(shi)石(shi)者,虑(lv)有非常火灾,於(wu)庙(miao)之(zhi)北壁内为石(shi)室,以(yi)藏木主,有事(shi)则出而祭之(zhi),既祭,纳於(wu)石(shi)室。礻(shi)(shi)石(shi)字从(cong)示,神之(zhi)也。
社稷有主,而外其心,其何贰如之?苟主社稷,国内之民其谁不为臣?臣无二心,天之制也。子仪在位十四年矣,子仪,郑子也。而谋召君者,庸非二乎?庸,用也。庄公之子,犹有八人,若皆以官爵行赂劝贰而可以济事,君其若之何?臣闻命矣。”乃缢而死。
○“庄公之子,犹有八人”,传唯见四人:子忽、子亹、子仪并死,独厉公在。八人名字,记传无闻。缢,一赐反。
○蔡哀侯为莘故,绳息妫以语楚子。莘役在十年。绳,誉也。
○为莘(xin),于伪反,下所巾反。语,鱼据(ju)反。绳,食承反;《说(shuo)文》作(zuo)譝。誉音(yin)馀,又如字。
[疏]注“绳,誉也”。
○正义(yi)曰:字书绳作譝字,从(cong)言,训为誉。
楚子如息,以食入享,遂灭息,伪设享食之具。
○食音嗣,注同。以息妫归。生堵敖及成王焉,未言。未与王言。
○堵敖,丁古反,下五羔反。杜云:楚人谓未成君为敖。《史记》作杜敖。楚子问之,对曰:“吾一妇人而事二夫,纵弗能死,其又奚言?”楚子以蔡侯灭息,遂伐蔡。欲以说息妫。
○说音悦。秋,七月,楚入蔡。君子曰:“《商书》所谓‘恶之易也,如火之燎于原,不可乡迩,其犹可扑灭’者,其如蔡哀侯乎!”《商书·盘庚》。言恶易长而难灭。
○易,以豉反(fan)(fan),注同。燎(liao),力召反(fan)(fan)。又力吊反(fan)(fan)。乡,许亮反(fan)(fan)。朴,普(pu)卜反(fan)(fan)。般,步丹反(fan)(fan),本又作盘。长,丁丈反(fan)(fan)。
“冬,会于鄄”,宋服故(gu)也。
【经(jing)】十有五(wu)年,春,齐侯(hou)、宋公(gong)、陈侯(hou)、卫侯(hou)、郑伯会于(yu)鄄。
夏,夫(fu)人姜氏如齐(qi)。无(wu)传(chuan)。夫(fu)人,文姜,齐(qi)桓公姊妹。父母在则(ze)礼有(you)归宁,没则(ze)使卿宁。
[疏]注“夫人”至“宁卿”。
○正义曰:文姜(jiang),僖公(gong)之(zhi)女,故为桓(huan)公(gong)姊妹。《诗(shi)》美后(hou)妃之(zhi)德,云“归(gui)宁(ning)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)”,是父(fu)(fu)母(mu)在则礼(li)有归(gui)宁(ning)。襄十二年传曰:“秦嬴(ying)归(gui)于楚(chu)。楚(chu)司马子庚(geng)聘于秦,为夫人宁(ning),礼(li)也(ye)。”是父(fu)(fu)母(mu)没则使卿宁(ning),兄(xiong)弟(di)不(bu)得(de)自归(gui)也(ye)。但不(bu)知今桓(huan)公(gong)有母(mu)以否,故杜不(bu)明(ming)言得(de)失。
秋,宋人、齐人、邾人伐郳。宋主兵,故序齐上。
○郳,五兮反。郑人(ren)侵宋。
冬,十月。
【传】十五年,春,复会焉,齐始霸也。(始为诸侯长。
○复,扶又反。长,丁(ding)丈反。)
秋,诸侯为宋伐郳。郳,附庸,属宋而叛,故齐桓为之伐郳。
○为宋,于伪反。
郑人间之而侵宋。
○间(jian),间(jian)厕(ce)之(zhi)间(jian),一本作闻(wen)。
【经】十有(you)六年,春,王正月(yue)。
夏,宋(song)人、齐人、卫人伐郑。宋(song)主(zhu)兵也。班序上下,以(yi)国大小为(wei)次,征伐则(ze)以(yi)主(zhu)兵为(wei)先,《春秋》之常(chang)也。他(ta)皆(jie)放此。
[疏]“十六年注宋主”至“放此”。
○正义曰:往年齐桓始霸,未敢即尸其(qi)任,救患讨罪。今为(wei)宋(song)伐(fa)郑(zheng),仍(reng)使宋(song)自报怨,故(gu)宋(song)主兵,序於齐上(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)侯会(hui)(hui),许男(nan)在曹滑之上(shang)(shang),班(ban)序上(shang)(shang)下(xia),以(yi)国大(da)小为(wei)次,不(bu)以(yi)爵(jue)之尊(zun)卑也(ye)(ye)。隐(yin)五年,邾人、郑(zheng)人伐(fa)宋(song),附(fu)庸(yong)在伯爵(jue)之上(shang)(shang),是(shi)以(yi)主兵为(wei)先也(ye)(ye)。历检(jian)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)皆然,知是(shi)《春秋》常(chang)法。《礼记(ji)·祭(ji)义》云:“有虞(yu)氏贵德而(er)尚齿(chi),夏后氏贵爵(jue)而(er)尚齿(chi),殷人贵富而(er)尚齿(chi),周人贵亲而(er)尚齿(chi)。”而(er)《春秋》序会(hui)(hui),不(bu)先同(tong)姓,而(er)大(da)国在上(shang)(shang)者,孔子(zi)脩《春秋》,有变周之文从殷之质故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。
秋,荆伐郑。冬,十有二月,会齐侯、宋公、陈侯、卫侯、郑伯、许男、滑伯、滕子,同盟于幽。书会,鲁会之。不书其人,微者也。言同盟,服异也。陈国小,每盟会皆在卫下,齐桓始霸,楚亦始彊,陈侯介於二大国之间,而为三恪之客,故齐桓因而进之,遂班在卫上,终於《春秋》。滑国都费,河南缑氏县。幽,宋地。
○介音界(jie)。“为三恪”,苦各反;本或(huo)作“为三恪之客(ke)”。费(fei),扶味反,又音秘。缑,古(gu)侯(hou)反,一音苦侯(hou)反。
[疏]注“书会”至“宋地”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):《公羊传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)者何(he)?同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)欲也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《穀梁(liang)传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)者,同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)尊(zun)周也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”杜云(yun)服(fu)(fu)(fu)异(yi)者,亦是(shi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)其欲、同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)尊(zun)周也(ye)(ye)(ye)。书(shu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)者,当盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),告神称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。《释例》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)者,假(jia)神明(ming)以(yi)要不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)信(xin),故(gu)(gu)(gu)载辞或称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),以(yi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)异(yi)为(wei)(wei)言也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)言载辞称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)幽,传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“陈、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”文十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)新城,传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“从於(wu)(wu)楚者服(fu)(fu)(fu),且(qie)谋邾也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”成(cheng)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)蟲(chong)牢,传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)马陵(ling),传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“寻(xun)(xun)蟲(chong)牢之(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),且(qie)莒(ju)服(fu)(fu)(fu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”襄三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)鸡泽,传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“晋(jin)(jin)为(wei)(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)合诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。”二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)丘,传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“齐成(cheng)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”昭十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)平丘,传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“齐服(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”如(ru)此之(zhi)(zhi)类,皆(jie)是(shi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)异(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《丧服(fu)(fu)(fu)》“继父(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)居(ju)(ju)”,传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“尝(chang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)居(ju)(ju),乃(nai)(nai)为(wei)(wei)异(yi)居(ju)(ju);未(wei)尝(chang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)居(ju)(ju),则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)异(yi)居(ju)(ju)。”《春秋》同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)亦犹(you)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。尝(chang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)而(er)(er)异(yi),乃(nai)(nai)称(cheng)(cheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)异(yi);未(wei)尝(chang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)异(yi)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。僖(xi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),齐侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、宋公、江(jiang)人(ren)、黄(huang)人(ren)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)贯(guan),传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“服(fu)(fu)(fu)江(jiang)、黄(huang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”定四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),陈、许(xu)、顿(dun)、胡、楚之(zhi)(zhi)属国,皆(jie)来(lai)会(hui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)召陵(ling),其下云(yun):“公及诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)皋鼬。”二(er)(er)(er)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)未(wei)尝(chang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),非(fei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)异(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。应称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)者,僖(xi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),首止之(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)逃归。七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)甯母,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)使大子华听命(ming)於(wu)(wu)会(hui),而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)者,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)心(xin)未(wei)服(fu)(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)传(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)子华请(qing)去三族,管(guan)仲曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“君其勿许(xu)!郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)必受盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)。”是(shi)甯母之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)未(wei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)洮(tao),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)乞盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),传(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)“请(qing)服(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”,而(er)(er)洮(tao)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)者,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)始(shi)请(qing)服(fu)(fu)(fu)耳,未(wei)列(lie)于(yu)(yu)(yu)会(hui),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。文十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)夏(xia),晋(jin)(jin)郤缺帅师伐(fa)蔡(cai),戊申,入(ru)蔡(cai)。其冬,诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)扈。传(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)“晋(jin)(jin)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、宋公、卫侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、蔡(cai)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、陈侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)、许(xu)男、曹(cao)伯(bo)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)扈”,则(ze)是(shi)蔡(cai)新来(lai)服(fu)(fu)(fu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)者,传(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)郤缺入(ru)蔡(cai),以(yi)城下之(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)而(er)(er)还。是(shi)则(ze)蔡(cai)巳先服(fu)(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。宣十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)清(qing)丘,传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“恤(xu)病讨贰。”十(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)断道(dao),传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“讨贰也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”成(cheng)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)蒲,传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“为(wei)(wei)归汶阳之(zhi)(zhi)田故(gu)(gu)(gu),诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)贰於(wu)(wu)晋(jin)(jin)。晋(jin)(jin)人(ren)惧,会(hui)於(wu)(wu)蒲,以(yi)寻(xun)(xun)马陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)。”十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)戚,传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“讨曹(cao)成(cheng)公也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”十(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)柯陵(ling),传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“寻(xun)(xun)戚之(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)虚朾,传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“谋救(jiu)宋也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此六盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)皆(jie)非(fei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)异(yi),称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)者,清(qing)丘、断道(dao)与蒲,於(wu)(wu)时(shi)诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)巳有二(er)(er)(er)心(xin),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)心(xin)讨贰,故(gu)(gu)(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng);戚与虚朾同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)心(xin)疾恶,故(gu)(gu)(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng);柯陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu)(fu)(fu),欲令诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)心(xin)伐(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),犹(you)襄十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)心(xin)疾齐,称(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)围齐。自(zi)此以(yi)前,陈在卫下,今在上(shang),知齐桓始(shi)进之(zhi)(zhi)。《释例·班(ban)(ban)序(xu)谱》,自(zi)隐至庄十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)三岁(sui),卫与陈凡四(si)(si)会(hui),卫在陈上(shang);自(zi)庄十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)尽僖(xi)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)三十(shi)(shi)五(wu)岁(sui),凡八(ba)会(hui),陈在卫上(shang)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)知是(shi)齐桓进之(zhi)(zhi),遂班(ban)(ban)在卫上(shang),终於(wu)(wu)《春秋》也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
邾子克(ke)卒。无传。克(ke),仪父名(ming)。称(cheng)子者,盖齐桓请(qing)王(wang)命以为诸侯,再同盟。
[疏]注“克仪”至“同盟”。
○正义曰(yue):北杏之会,邾人(ren)在焉,今而称子,故云盖齐侯请王命以为诸侯,得为子爵(jue)见经也。隐(yin)元(yuan)年,盟(meng)于蔑;桓十七年,盟(meng)于趡。是再同盟(meng)也。
【传】十六年,夏,诸侯伐郑,宋故也。(郑侵宋故。
○“宋故(gu)也”,本或作“为宋故(gu)”。)
郑伯自栎入,在十四年。缓告于楚。秋,楚伐郑及栎,为不礼故也。郑伯治与於雍纠之乱者,在桓十五年。
○为,于伪反。与音预。九月,杀公子阏,刖强鉏。二子,祭仲党。断足曰刖。
○公子(zi)阏(yan),安末(mo)反(fan)。案(an)隐十一年(nian),郑有公孙(sun)(sun)阏(yan),距此三十五年(nian),不(bu)容复有公子(zi)阏(yan)。若非“阏(yan)”字误(wu),则“子(zi)”当为“孙(sun)(sun)”。刖音月,又五刮反(fan)。鉏,仕(shi)鱼反(fan)。断,丁管反(fan)。
[疏]注“二子”至“曰刖”。
○正义曰:《周礼·司刑》:刖(yue)(yue)罪(zui)五(wu)百。《尚书(shu)·吕刑》:剕(fei)罚之属五(wu)百。孔安国云:“刖(yue)(yue)足(zu)曰剕(fei)。”《释言》云:“⻊非,刖(yue)(yue)也(ye)。”李巡曰:“断(duan)足(zu)曰刖(yue)(yue)也(ye)。”《说文》云:“刖(yue)(yue),绝(jue)也(ye)。”则剕(fei)、刖(yue)(yue)是断(duan)绝(jue)之名、斩足(zu)之罪(zui),故云断(duan)足(zu)曰刖(yue)(yue)。
公父定叔出奔卫。共叔段之孙。定,谥也。
○父音(yin)甫。王音(yin)如字。共(gong)音(yin)恭。三年而复之,曰(yue):“不(bu)可使(shi)共(gong)叔无(wu)后於郑。”使(shi)以十月入(ru),曰(yue):“良(liang)月也,就盈数(shu)焉。”数(shu)满(man)於十。
[疏]注“满於十”。
○正义曰(yue):《易·系辞》云:“天(tian)(tian)一(yi),地(di)(di)二(er),天(tian)(tian)三,地(di)(di)四,天(tian)(tian)五,地(di)(di)六,天(tian)(tian)七,地(di)(di)八,天(tian)(tian)九,地(di)(di)十(shi)。”至(zhi)十(shi)而(er)止,是数(shu)满於十(shi)也(ye)。闵元年传曰(yue):“万,盈(ying)(ying)数(shu)也(ye)。”数(shu)至(zhi)十(shi)则小盈(ying)(ying),至(zhi)万则大(da)盈(ying)(ying)。传具载(zai)定叔(shu)事(shi)者,服虔云:“定叔(shu)之祖共叔(shu)段有伐君之罪,宜世不(bu)长,而(er)云不(bu)可使(shi)共叔(shu)无后於郑,言其刑之偏(pian)颇。郑厉公以(yi)孽(nie)篡適,同恶相恤(xu),故党於共叔(shu),欲令其后不(bu)绝,传所(suo)以(yi)恶厉公也(ye)。”
君子(zi)谓“强(qiang)鉏不能(neng)卫(wei)其足(zu)”。言(yan)其不能(neng)早辟害(hai)。
冬,“同(tong)盟(meng)于幽(you)”,郑成也(ye)。
王使虢公命曲沃伯以一军为晋侯。曲沃武公遂并晋国,僖王因就命为晋侯。小国,故一军。
○并,如字;王,必政反。
[疏]注“曲沃”至“一军”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):桓八年(nian)传称曲(qu)沃武(wu)灭(mie)翼。其年(nian)冬,王(wang)命虢仲(zhong)立晋(jin)(jin)哀(ai)侯(hou)之(zhi)弟缗(min)于晋(jin)(jin),至是(shi)(shi)乃并之(zhi)也。《晋(jin)(jin)世家》云:“曲(qu)沃武(wu)公伐(fa)晋(jin)(jin)侯(hou)缗(min),灭(mie)之(zhi),尽(jin)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)宝器赂(lu)献於周僖(xi)王(wang)。僖(xi)王(wang)命曲(qu)沃武(wu)公为(wei)晋(jin)(jin)君,列为(wei)诸(zhu)侯(hou),於是(shi)(shi)尽(jin)并晋(jin)(jin)地而有之(zhi)。曲(qu)沃武(wu)公巳即位二十七年(nian)矣(yi)。自桓叔始封曲(qu)沃以(yi)至武(wu)公灭(mie)晋(jin)(jin),凡(fan)六十七岁,而卒(zu)代晋(jin)(jin)为(wei)诸(zhu)侯(hou)。”是(shi)(shi)僖(xi)王(wang)命之(zhi)事也。周礼,小国(guo)一(yi)军。晋(jin)(jin)土地虽大(da),以(yi)初(chu)并晋(jin)(jin)国(guo),故(gu)以(yi)小国(guo)之(zhi)礼命之(zhi)。
初,晋武公伐夷,执夷诡诸。夷诡诸,周大夫。夷,采地名。
○诡,九委反。采,七代反,后放此。蒍国请而免之。蒍国,周大夫。
○蒍,于委反。既而弗报,诡诸不报施於蒍国。
○施,始豉反。故子国作乱,谓晋人曰:“与我伐夷而取其地。”使晋取夷地,遂以晋师伐夷,杀夷诡诸。周公忌父出奔虢。周公忌父,王卿士,辟子国之难。
○难,乃旦反。惠王立而复之。鲁桓十五年,经书“桓王崩”。鲁庄三年,经书“葬桓王”。自此以来,周有庄王,又有僖王,崩、葬皆不见於经传。王室微弱,不能复自通於诸侯,故传因周公忌父之事而见惠王。惠王立在此年之末。
○不见(jian),贤遍反,下同。复自,扶又(you)反。
[疏]注“鲁桓”至“之末”。
○正义曰:《史记·十二诸(zhu)侯年(nian)(nian)表》云(yun),庄王(wang)元年(nian)(nian)当鲁(lu)(lu)桓十六(liu)年(nian)(nian),即位(wei)十五年(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)崩。僖王(wang)元年(nian)(nian)当鲁(lu)(lu)庄十三(san)年(nian)(nian),即位(wei)五年(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)崩。惠(hui)王(wang)元年(nian)(nian)当鲁(lu)(lu)庄十八(ba)年(nian)(nian),即位(wei)在十八(ba)年(nian)(nian),而(er)(er)此(ci)年(nian)(nian)传说惠(hui)王(wang)之立者,杜(du)云(yun)“传因周公忌父(fu)(fu)之事而(er)(er)见惠(hui)王(wang),立在此(ci)年(nian)(nian)之末”,是杜(du)以周公忌父(fu)(fu)此(ci)年(nian)(nian)出奔,至惠(hui)王(wang)立而(er)(er)得复,与《史记》不违。
【经】十有七年,春,齐人执郑詹。(齐桓始霸,郑既伐宋,又不朝齐。詹为郑执政大臣,诣齐见执,不称行人,罪之也。行人例在襄十一年。诸执大夫,皆称人以执之,大夫贱故。
○詹,之(zhi)廉反。始伯(bo),音霸,又(you)如字(zi),本(ben)又(you)作霸。)
[疏]十七年注“齐桓”至“贱故”。
○正义曰:僖七年(nian)传(chuan)曰“郑(zheng)有叔詹(zhan)、堵叔、师叔”,先言(yan)(yan)詹(zhan),是詹(zhan)最贵也(ye)。且传(chuan)称郑(zheng)不朝(chao)也(ye),以(yi)君(jun)不朝(chao)而(er)詹(zhan)被执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),明(ming)詹(zhan)是执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政大(da)臣,为不道君(jun)使(shi)(shi)朝(chao),故执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。若詹(zhan)不至(zhi)齐(qi)(qi),则无由被执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。知是诣齐(qi)(qi)见执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),盖聘齐(qi)(qi)也(ye)。昭八年(nian),楚(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陈行人(ren)(ren)(ren)干徵师,杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。传(chuan)曰:“罪(zui)(zui)不在(zai)行人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)。”无罪(zui)(zui)乃(nai)称行人(ren)(ren)(ren),知不称行人(ren)(ren)(ren),罪(zui)(zui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。襄十一(yi)年(nian),楚(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郑(zheng)行人(ren)(ren)(ren)良霄(xiao)。传(chuan)曰:“书(shu)(shu)曰‘行人(ren)(ren)(ren)’,言(yan)(yan)使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)。”言(yan)(yan)使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe),言(yan)(yan)非(fei)使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)也(ye)。书(shu)(shu)曰者(zhe),是仲尼(ni)新意,故指以(yi)为例也(ye)。执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诸侯,有称人(ren)(ren)(ren)称侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异;执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)夫者(zhe),悉皆称人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),为大(da)夫贱故也(ye)。刘(liu)炫以(yi)此注云(yun)“诣齐(qi)(qi)见执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,《释(shi)例》曰“詹(zhan)本非(fei)出使(shi)(shi)”,谓二者(zhe)自(zi)相矛(mao)盾。今(jin)知非(fei)者(zhe),齐(qi)(qi)以(yi)郑(zheng)不朝(chao)而(er)责於(wu)郑(zheng),郑(zheng)令詹(zhan)请齐(qi)(qi)谢罪(zui)(zui),齐(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故《释(shi)例》云(yun)元非(fei)出聘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)。《集(ji)解》云(yun)“诣齐(qi)(qi)被执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,二文虽(sui)异,事实同(tong)耳。刘(liu)炫不寻此意,乃(nai)为规(gui)过,非(fei)也(ye)。
夏,齐人歼于遂。歼,尽也。齐人戍遂,玩而无备,遂人讨而尽杀之,故时史因以自尽为文。
○歼,子廉(lian)反(fan)。玩,五(wu)乱反(fan)。而尽,津忍反(fan)。
[疏]注(zhu)“歼尽”至“为文”。正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue):“歼,尽也(ye)”,《释诂》文,舍人(ren)曰(yue)(yue):“歼,众之尽也(ye)。”时史恶(e)其(qi)轻(qing)敌,而(er)以(yi)(yi)自尽为文,罪齐(qi)戍(shu)也(ye)。《释例》曰(yue)(yue):“齐(qi)人(ren)歼于遂,郑(zheng)弃其(qi)师(shi),亦时史即事(shi)以(yi)(yi)安文,或从赴(fu)辞,故(gu)传(chuan)亦不显明义例也(ye)。”
秋,郑詹自齐逃来。无传。詹不能伏节守死以解国患,而遁逃苟免,书逃以贱之。
○遁,徒(tu)逊反。
[疏]注“詹不”至“贱之”。
○正义(yi)曰:伏节守死以解(jie)国(guo)患(huan),当如昭元年叔(shu)孙豹(bao)之(zhi)居位待罪也(ye)。逃(tao),若匹夫逃(tao)窜,故(gu)云(yun)“书(shu)逃(tao)以贱之(zhi)”。郑詹自齐(qi)逃(tao)来,过鲁而后(hou)归郑,故(gu)书(shu)之(zhi)。
冬,多麋。无传。麋多则害五稼,故以灾书。
○麋,亡悲反。
[疏]注“麋多”至“灾书”。
○正义曰:麋是泽兽,鲁所常有,是年(nian)暴多,多则害五稼,故言多,以(yi)灾(zai)书(shu)也(ye)。
【传】“十七年,春(chun),齐人执(zhi)郑(zheng)詹”,郑(zheng)不朝也。
夏,遂因氏、颌氏、工娄氏、须遂氏飨齐戍,醉而杀之,齐人歼焉。飨,酒食也。四族,遂之彊宗。齐灭遂,戍之,在十三年。
○颌,乌纳反(fan)。又(you)苦答反(fan)。娄,力侯反(fan)。飨,本作享。
【经(jing)】十(shi)有八年,春,王三月,日有食之(zhi)。(无传。不书日,官失之(zhi)。)
[疏]十八年注“不书日,官失之”。
○正义曰(yue):经亦(yi)无朔字(zi),当云不书朔与日,注不言朔,脱(tuo)也(ye)。
夏,公追戎(rong)于济西。戎(rong)来(lai)侵鲁(lu),公逐之於济水之西。
秋,有<或虫}。<或虫},短狐也。盖以含沙射人为灾。
○<或虫},本(ben)(ben)又作(zuo)蜮,音(yin)或;《本(ben)(ben)草》谓之射(she)工。短弧,本(ben)(ben)又作(zuo)断,同,丁(ding)管反。弧又作(zuo)狐,音(yin)胡。射(she)人,食亦反。
[疏]注“蜮短”至“为灾”。
○正义曰:《穀(gu)梁传(chuan)》曰:“<或(huo)虫(chong)(chong)},射(she)人(ren)者(zhe)也。”《洪范五行传(chuan)》曰:“<或(huo)虫(chong)(chong)}如鳖(bie),三(san)足,生(sheng)於南越。南越妇人(ren)多淫(yin),故其(qi)地多<或(huo)虫(chong)(chong)},淫(yin)女惑乱之气所(suo)生(sheng)也。”陆(lu)机(ji)《毛诗义疏》云(yun):“<或(huo)虫(chong)(chong)},短狐也,一(yi)名射(she)景(jing),如鳖(bie),三(san)足,在(zai)江(jiang)淮水中,人(ren)在(zai)岸(an)上,景(jing)见水中,投人(ren)景(jing)则杀之,故曰射(she)景(jing),或(huo)谓含(han)沙射(she)人(ren),入皮肌,其(qi)创如疥。”服虔云(yun):“遍身濩濩,或(huo)或(huo)故为(wei)灾。”沈氏云(yun):“此(ci)有(you)<或(huo)虫(chong)(chong)},传(chuan)重(zhong)发例(li)者(zhe),以螟螽与蜚同是(shi)害禾稼,此(ci)<或(huo)虫(chong)(chong)}则害人(ren),故传(chuan)特发之。”
冬,十月。
【传】十八年,春,虢公、晋侯朝王,王飨醴,命之宥。(王之觐群后,始则行飨礼,先置醴酒,示不忘古。饮宴则命以币物。宥,助也,所以助欢敬之意,言备设。
○醴,音(yin)礼(li)。宥音(yin)又。)
[疏]注“王之”至“备设”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“王飨醴(li)(li),命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)宥(you)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),王为之(zhi)(zhi)设飨礼(li),置醴(li)(li)酒(jiu)(jiu),命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)币(bi)(bi)物(wu),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)助(zhu)欢也(ye)(ye)。“宥(you),助(zhu)”,《释诂》文。《周礼(li)·掌客》,王待诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),上(shang)公三(san)飨三(san)食(shi)三(san)燕,侯(hou)伯(bo)三(san)飨再(zai)食(shi)再(zai)燕,子男(nan)壹飨壹食(shi)壹燕。三(san)礼(li)先言飨,是(shi)王之(zhi)(zhi)觐群后(hou),始则(ze)行飨礼(li)也(ye)(ye)。《酒(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)》辨五齐(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)名,一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)泛齐(qi),二(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)醴(li)(li)齐(qi),三(san)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)盎齐(qi),四曰(yue)(yue)(yue)醍齐(qi),五曰(yue)(yue)(yue)沈齐(qi)。郑注云(yun):“泛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),成而(er)(er)滓浮泛泛然(ran)。醴(li)(li)犹体也(ye)(ye),成而(er)(er)汁(zhi)滓相将,如今(jin)恬(tian)酒(jiu)(jiu)矣。盎犹翁也(ye)(ye),成而(er)(er)翁翁然(ran),葱(cong)白色(se)。缇者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),成而(er)(er)红赤。沈者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),成而(er)(er)滓沈,如今(jin)造清矣。自醴(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)尢浊(zhuo)。”然(ran)则(ze)以(yi)(yi)其尢浊(zhuo),故(gu)先置之(zhi)(zhi),示(shi)不(bu)(bu)忘(wang)古也(ye)(ye)。知者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《礼(li)运》云(yun)“燔(fan)黍捭(bai)豚”,下即云(yun)“以(yi)(yi)燔(fan)以(yi)(yi)炙(zhi),以(yi)(yi)为醴(li)(li)酪”,是(shi)醴(li)(li)酒(jiu)(jiu)在先而(er)(er)有(you),故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)先置醴(li)(li)酒(jiu)(jiu),云(yun)不(bu)(bu)忘(wang)古也(ye)(ye)。《诗·序》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“《鹿鸣》,燕群臣(chen)嘉宾(bin)也(ye)(ye)。既饮(yin)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi),又实币(bi)(bi)帛筐(kuang)篚(fei),以(yi)(yi)将其厚意。”《聘礼(li)》云(yun):“若不(bu)(bu)亲食(shi),使大夫朝服致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)侑(you)币(bi)(bi)致(zhi)飨以(yi)(yi)酬币(bi)(bi),亦(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)飨礼(li)有(you)酬币(bi)(bi)也(ye)(ye)。礼(li),主人酌(zhuo)酒(jiu)(jiu)於(wu)宾(bin)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“献”,宾(bin)答主人曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“酢”,主人又酌(zhuo)以(yi)(yi)酬宾(bin)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“酬”,谓之(zhi)(zhi)酬币(bi)(bi),盖於(wu)酬酒(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)时赐之(zhi)(zhi)币(bi)(bi)也(ye)(ye),所(suo)赐之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),即下“玉”、“马”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。传称飨醴(li)(li)、命(ming)宥(you),言其备(bei)设盛礼(li)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)注命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)宥(you)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),命(ming)在下以(yi)(yi)币(bi)(bi)物(wu)宥(you)助(zhu)。僖(xi)二(er)十(shi)八(ba)年“命(ming)晋(jin)(jin)侯(hou)宥(you)”,注云(yun):“命(ming)晋(jin)(jin)侯(hou)助(zhu)以(yi)(yi)束帛,以(yi)(yi)将厚意。”皆(jie)命(ming),不(bu)(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)彼(bi)有(you)命(ming)晋(jin)(jin)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。
皆赐玉五瑴,马三匹。非礼也。双玉为瑴。
○瑴音角,字(zi)又作钰。
[疏]注“双玉为瑴”。
○正义曰:《苍(cang)颉篇》“瑴”作(zuo)“钰(yu)”,双玉(yu)为(wei)瑴,故字从两玉(yu)。
王命诸侯,名位不同,礼亦异数,不以礼假人。侯而与公同赐,是借人礼。
○借,子夜反。
[疏]注“侯而”至“人礼”。
○正义曰:虢君不知何(he)爵,称(cheng)公(gong),谓为(wei)(wei)三公(gong)也。《周礼》,王(wang)之(zhi)三公(gong)八命,侯(hou)伯七命,是其名(ming)位不同也,其礼各以命数为(wei)(wei)节,是礼亦(yi)异数也。今侯(hou)而与公(gong)同赐,是借人礼也。假(jia)、借同义,取者假(jia)为(wei)(wei)上(shang)声(sheng),借为(wei)(wei)入(ru)声(sheng);与者假(jia)、借皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)去声(sheng)。
虢公、晋侯、郑伯使原庄公逆王后于陈。陈妫归于京师,虢、晋朝王,郑伯又以齐执其卿,故求王为援,皆在周,倡义为王定昏。陈人敬从。得同姓宗国之礼,故传详其事。不书,不告。
○为王,于(yu)伪反。实(shi)惠(hui)后(hou),陈妫后(hou)号惠(hui)后(hou),宠爱(ai)少子,乱周室,事在僖二十四年(nian),故传於此并正其后(hou)称。
夏,公追戎于(yu)济西。不言其来(lai),讳之也。戎来(lai)侵鲁(lu),鲁(lu)人不知,去乃追之,故讳不言其来(lai)。
[疏]注“戎来”至“其来”。
○正义曰:传例,有钟鼓曰伐,无曰侵(qin)。戎之来也(ye)(ye),鲁(lu)人不(bu)知,宜无钟鼓,故故以侵(qin)言(yan)之。《释(shi)例》曰:“戎之入鲁(lu),鲁(lu)人不(bu)知,去而远追,又(you)无其获。边竟(jing)不(bu)备,候(hou)不(bu)在疆,所以为(wei)讳。讳此君之阙,亦所以示(shi)戒将来之君也(ye)(ye)。”
秋,有蜮,为灾也(ye)。
初,楚武王克权,使斗缗尹之。权,国名,南郡当阳县东南有权城。斗缗。楚大夫。
○缗,亡巾反。
[疏]“斗缗尹之”。
○正义曰:尹训正也(ye)。楚官(guan)多以尹为(wei)名,此灭权为(wei)邑,使(shi)缗为(wei)长,故曰尹也(ye)。
以叛,围而杀之。缗以权叛。
○以叛,绝句;本或作畔,俗字也。迁权於那处,那处,楚地,南郡编县东南有那口城。
○那处,那又作再阝,同,乃多反;下昌吕反,又昌虑反。编,必绵反,一音步典反。使阎敖尹之。阎敖,楚大夫。及文王即位,与巴人伐申而惊其师。惊巴师。巴人叛楚而伐那处,取之,遂门于楚。攻楚城门。阎敖游涌而逸。涌水在南郡华容县。阎敖既不能守城,又游涌水而走。
○涌音勇,水名。楚(chu)子杀之(zhi)。其(qi)族为(wei)乱。冬,巴人因之(zhi)以伐楚(chu)。
【经】十有九年,春,王正月。
夏,四月。
秋,公子结媵陈人之妇于鄄,遂及齐侯、宋公盟。无传。公子结,鲁大夫。《公羊》、《穀梁》皆以为鲁女媵陈侯之妇,其称陈人之妇,未入国,略言也。大夫出竟,有可以安社稷、利国家者,则专之可也。结在鄄闻齐、宋有会,权事之宜,去其本职,遂与二君为盟,故备书之。本非鲁公意,而又失媵陈之好,故冬各来伐。
○媵,以证(zheng)反(fan)(fan),又绳证(zheng)反(fan)(fan),送也。竟音境。好,呼报反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]“十九年注公子”至“来伐”。
○正义曰:《公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)》曰:“媵(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)何(he)?诸(zhu)侯(hou)娶一国(guo)(guo),则(ze)二国(guo)(guo)往(wang)媵(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。媵(ying)(ying)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu),此(ci)何(he)以(yi)(yi)书(shu)(shu)?为其(qi)(qi)有遂事(shi)书(shu)(shu)。大(da)(da)夫(fu)无遂事(shi),此(ci)其(qi)(qi)言遂何(he)?聘(pin)礼,大(da)(da)夫(fu)受命,不(bu)(bu)(bu)受辞,出竟(jing)有可以(yi)(yi)安(an)社稷(ji)、利国(guo)(guo)家者(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)专之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可也(ye)。”《穀(gu)梁》文虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)明,其(qi)(qi)意亦为鲁(lu)女(nv)(nv)。左氏无传(chuan)(chuan),取(qu)彼为说,故(gu)云《公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》、《穀(gu)梁》皆以(yi)(yi)为鲁(lu)女(nv)(nv)媵(ying)(ying)陈侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇(fu)(fu)。《穀(gu)梁传(chuan)(chuan)》曰:“其(qi)(qi)曰陈人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇(fu)(fu),略之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)未入国(guo)(guo),略而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言陈侯(hou)夫(fu)人。成九年(nian),伯姬归(gui)于(yu)宋,晋、卫(wei)(wei)、齐(qi)三国(guo)(guo)来媵(ying)(ying),然(ran)则(ze)为人媵(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe),皆送(song)(song)至(zhi)嫁女(nv)(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo),使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)从(cong)適(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)行。此(ci)鄄(juan)是卫(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东地,盖陈取(qu)卫(wei)(wei)女(nv)(nv)为妇(fu)(fu),鲁(lu)使(shi)公(gong)(gong)子结送(song)(song)媵(ying)(ying)向(xiang)卫(wei)(wei),至(zhi)鄄(juan),闻齐(qi)、宋为会,将(jiang)谋伐鲁(lu),故(gu)权事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,去其(qi)(qi)本职,不(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)送(song)(song)女(nv)(nv)至(zhi)卫(wei)(wei),遂与(yu)二君会盟(meng),故(gu)备书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。送(song)(song)女(nv)(nv)至(zhi)鄄(juan),停女(nv)(nv)会盟(meng),鄄(juan)是盟(meng)处,故(gu)言于(yu)鄄(juan),非(fei)(fei)本期送(song)(song)女(nv)(nv)使(shi)至(zhi)鄄(juan)也(ye)。既盟(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,遂不(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)送(song)(song)女(nv)(nv)。其(qi)(qi)盟(meng)本非(fei)(fei)公(gong)(gong)意,又失媵(ying)(ying)陈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好(hao),故(gu)至(zhi)冬(dong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)三国(guo)(guo)来伐。结之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)盟(meng),於鲁(lu)无益,故(gu)无嘉善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文。文八(ba)年(nian),冬(dong),十月,壬午,公(gong)(gong)子遂会晋赵盾盟(meng)于(yu)衡雍。乙酉,公(gong)(gong)子遂会雒戎(rong)盟(meng)于(yu)暴。四日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,不(bu)(bu)(bu)容反报,亦是专命而(er)(er)(er)(er)盟(meng),患(huan)难俱解(jie),故(gu)再称(cheng)名氏,珍而(er)(er)(er)(er)贵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。与(yu)此(ci)异(yi)(yi)也(ye)。宣十二年(nian),宋华(hua)椒承(cheng)群伪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言以(yi)(yi)误其(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo),宋人被(bei)伐而(er)(er)(er)(er)贬(bian)华(hua)椒。今三国(guo)(guo)伐鲁(lu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)贬(bian)公(gong)(gong)子结者(zhe)(zhe),结之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为盟(meng),本欲安(an)社稷(ji)、利国(guo)(guo)家,与(yu)华(hua)椒事(shi)异(yi)(yi),故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)贬(bian)。
夫(fu)人姜(jiang)氏如莒(ju)。无传。非父(fu)母国而往,书奸(jian)。
[疏]注“非父”至“书奸”。
○正义曰:此既无传,不(bu)知何为如莒。妇人不(bu)以礼出,为奸,故(gu)曰书奸。
冬,齐人(ren)、宋人(ren)、陈人(ren)伐我西鄙。无传。幽之(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)鲁使微者会,鄄之(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)又使媵臣行(xing),所以(yi)受(shou)敌。鄙,边邑(yi)。
【传】十九年,春,楚子御之,大败於津。(御巴人,为巴人所败。津,楚地,或曰江陵县有津乡。)还,鬻拳弗纳。遂伐黄,(鬻拳,楚大阍。黄,嬴姓国,今弋阳县。
○鬻音育。拳,求圆反。阍音昏,守门(men)人也。嬴音盈,姓也,字从(cong)女。)
[疏]注“黄嬴姓”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):《世本(ben)》文。
败黄师于陵。陵,黄地。
○,在亦反,一音七略反。还,及湫,有疾。南郡鄀县东南有湫城。
○湫,子小反。鄀音若。夏,六月,庚申,卒。鬻拳葬诸夕室,夕室,地名。
○夕,朝夕之夕。亦自杀也,而葬於绖皇。绖皇,冢前阙。生守门,故死不失职。
○绖,田结(jie)反。绖皇,阙也。
[疏]注“绖皇”至“失职”。
○正义曰(yue):鬻拳自杀以殉,当是(shi)(shi)近墓之(zhi)(zhi)地。宣十(shi)四年传称楚子闻宋杀申丹,投袂而起,屦及(ji)於(wu)窒皇(huang),剑及(ji)於(wu)寝门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)外。则(ze)窒皇(huang)近於(wu)门(men)外,当是(shi)(shi)寝门(men)阙也(ye)。知(zhi)此绖皇(huang)亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)冢前(qian)阙也(ye)。且(qie)此人生(sheng)为大阍,职掌守门(men),明此亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)守门(men),示(shi)死不失职也(ye)。馀书无绖皇(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)名,盖(gai)唯楚有此号(hao)也(ye)。
初,鬻拳强谏楚子,楚子弗从,临之以兵,惧而从之。鬻拳曰:“吾惧君以兵,罪莫大焉。”遂自刖也。楚人以为大阍,谓之大伯,若今城门校尉官。
○强(qiang),其丈反(fan)。大伯音泰。校,户教反(fan),字从(cong)木。
[疏]“以为大阍,谓之大伯”。
○正义曰:《周(zhou)礼(li)·天官(guan)(guan)(guan)》“阍(hun)(hun)(hun)人(ren)(ren)掌守(shou)主(zhu)宫(gong)之(zhi)中门(men)之(zhi)禁”,郑玄云:“阍(hun)(hun)(hun)人(ren)(ren),司错晨以(yi)(yi)启闭者(zhe),刑(xing)人(ren)(ren)墨者(zhe)使(shi)(shi)守(shou)门(men)。”《秋(qiu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)·掌戮》“墨者(zhe)使(shi)(shi)守(shou)门(men),刖者(zhe)使(shi)(shi)守(shou)囿(you)”。则阍(hun)(hun)(hun)不使(shi)(shi)刖,而鬻奉得为(wei)阍(hun)(hun)(hun)者(zhe),《周(zhou)礼(li)·地(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)》之(zhi)属有司门(men),下大夫二人(ren)(ren),掌授管键以(yi)(yi)启闭国(guo)门(men),郑玄云:“若今城门(men)校(xiao)尉,主(zhu)王城十二门(men)。”此注(zhu)亦云“若今城门(men)校(xiao)尉官(guan)(guan)(guan)”,然则鬻拳本(ben)是大臣,楚人(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)其贤而使(shi)(shi)典此职,非为(wei)刑(xing)而役之(zhi)。其为(wei)大阍(hun)(hun)(hun)者(zhe),当(dang)如《地(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)》之(zhi)司门(men),非《天官(guan)(guan)(guan)》之(zhi)阍(hun)(hun)(hun)人(ren)(ren),亦主(zhu)晨昏开闭,通(tong)以(yi)(yi)阍(hun)(hun)(hun)为(wei)名焉。谓(wei)之(zhi)大伯,伯,长(zhang)也(ye),为(wei)门(men)官(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)长(zhang)也(ye)。
使其后掌之。使其子孙常(chang)主此(ci)官。君(jun)子曰:“鬻拳可谓爱君(jun)矣,谏以自纳於(wu)刑(xing),刑(xing)犹(you)不忘纳君(jun)於(wu)善。”言爱君(jun),明非臣法也。楚能尽其忠爱,所以兴(xing)。
[疏]注“言爱君,明非臣法也”。
○正(zheng)义曰:何(he)休《膏(gao)肓》云:人臣谏君(jun),非(fei)有死亡之(zhi)急,而以兵临君(jun),开絪弑之(zhi)路(lu),左氏以为爱君(jun)。於义左氏为短(duan)。故注言此以释何(he)休之(zhi)难。
初,王姚嬖于庄王,生子颓。王姚,庄王之妾也,姚姓也。
○姚,羊消反。嬖,必计反。颓,徒回也。子颓有宠,蒍国为之师。及惠王即位,周惠王,庄王孙。取蒍国之圃以为囿。圃,园也。囿,苑也。
○圃,必古(gu)反,又音布。囿音又。徐,于自(zi)反。苑,於阮反。
[疏]注“圃,园也;囿,苑也”。
○正义曰:《冢宰职》云(yun):“园(yuan)圃(pu)(pu)(pu)毓草木。”郑(zheng)玄云(yun):“树(shu)果(guo)(guo)蓏(luo)曰圃(pu)(pu)(pu),园(yuan)其樊也。”《诗》云(yun)“折柳樊圃(pu)(pu)(pu)”,成十八年“筑鹿囿”。然则圃(pu)(pu)(pu)以(yi)蕃(fan)为(wei)之(zhi),所以(yi)树(shu)果(guo)(guo)蓏(luo);囿则筑墙(qiang)为(wei)之(zhi),所以(yi)养禽兽。二者(zhe)相(xiang)类,故(gu)取圃(pu)(pu)(pu)为(wei)囿。
边伯之宫近於王宫,王取之。边伯,周大夫。
○近,附近之近。王夺子禽、祝跪与詹父田,三子,周大夫。
○跪,求委反。而收膳夫之秩,膳夫,石速也。秩,禄也。
○收,式周反。故蒍国、边伯、石速、詹(zhan)父、子禽、祝(zhu)跪作(zuo)乱,因苏氏。苏氏,周大夫(fu),桓王夺其十(shi)二邑以与郑,自此以来遂不和。
秋,五(wu)大夫(fu)奉子(zi)(zi)颓以伐(fa)王,石速,士也,故不在(zai)五(wu)大夫(fu)数。不克,出(chu)奔(ben)温。温,苏(su)氏邑。苏(su)子(zi)(zi)奉子(zi)(zi)颓以奔(ben)卫。卫师、燕(yan)师伐(fa)周(zhou)。燕(yan),南燕(yan)。
冬,立子颓。
【经】二(er)十(shi)年(nian),春,王二(er)月,夫人姜氏如莒(ju)。(无传(chuan)。)
夏(xia),齐大(da)灾。无(wu)传。来告以大(da),故书。天火曰灾,例在(zai)宣十六年。
[疏]二十年注“来告”至“六年”。
○正义曰:襄九年(nian)、三十年(nian)宋(song)灾,昭九年(nian)陈(chen)灾,十八(ba)年(nian)宋(song)、卫、陈(chen)、郑灾,皆不言大,知(zhi)此(ci)来(lai)告以大,故书大也(ye)。
秋,七月。
冬,齐(qi)人(ren)伐戎(rong)。无传(chuan)。
【传】二十年,春,郑伯和王室,不克。(克,能也。)执燕仲父。(燕仲父,南燕伯,为伐周故。
○为伐(fa),于(yu)伪反(fan),下文(wen)同。)
[疏]注“燕仲父南燕伯”。
○正义(yi)曰:《谱》亦(yi)云南燕伯爵(jue),不知所出。服虔亦(yi)云南燕伯爵(jue)。
夏,郑伯遂以王归,王处于栎。秋,王及郑伯入于邬。邬,王所取郑邑。
○邬,乌苦反。遂入成周,取其宝器而还。冬,王子颓享五大夫乐及徧舞。皆舞六代之乐。
○徧音遍。
[疏]注“皆舞六代之乐”。
○正义(yi)曰:言乐(le)(le)及徧(bian)舞(wu)(wu),则(ze)乐(le)(le)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)有(you),舞(wu)(wu)悉(xi)周徧(bian),故知皆舞(wu)(wu)六代(dai)(dai)之(zhi)乐(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周礼》大(da)(da)(da)(da)司乐(le)(le)以(yi)(yi)乐(le)(le)舞(wu)(wu)教国(guo)子,舞(wu)(wu)《云(yun)门(men)》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)卷(juan)》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)咸(xian)》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)磬》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)夏》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)濩(huo)》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)武》。郑玄云(yun),此周所(suo)(suo)存六代(dai)(dai)之(zhi)乐(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。传记所(suo)(suo)说(shuo)《云(yun)门(men)》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)卷(juan)》,黄帝也(ye)(ye)(ye);《大(da)(da)(da)(da)咸(xian)》,尧(yao)也(ye)(ye)(ye);《大(da)(da)(da)(da)韶》,舜也(ye)(ye)(ye);《大(da)(da)(da)(da)夏》,禹也(ye)(ye)(ye);《大(da)(da)(da)(da)濩(huo)》,汤也(ye)(ye)(ye);《大(da)(da)(da)(da)武》,周武王也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)为六代(dai)(dai)。奏(zou)(zou)(zou)黄锺,歌(ge)(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)(da)(da)吕,舞(wu)(wu)《云(yun)门(men)》,以(yi)(yi)祀天神;奏(zou)(zou)(zou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟,歌(ge)(ge)(ge)应钟,舞(wu)(wu)《咸(xian)池》,以(yi)(yi)祭地示;奏(zou)(zou)(zou)姑洗(xi),歌(ge)(ge)(ge)南吕,舞(wu)(wu)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)磬》,以(yi)(yi)祀四望;奏(zou)(zou)(zou)蕤宾,歌(ge)(ge)(ge)林(lin)钟,舞(wu)(wu)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)夏》,以(yi)(yi)祭山川;奏(zou)(zou)(zou)夷则(ze),歌(ge)(ge)(ge)中吕,舞(wu)(wu)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)濩(huo)》,以(yi)(yi)享先(xian)(xian)妣;奏(zou)(zou)(zou)无射,歌(ge)(ge)(ge)夹钟,舞(wu)(wu)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)武》,以(yi)(yi)享先(xian)(xian)祖。
郑伯闻之,见虢叔,叔,虢公字。曰:“寡人闻之:哀乐失时,殃咎必至。今王子颓歌舞不倦,乐祸也。夫司寇行戮,司寇,刑官。
○乐音洛。殃咎,上於度反,下巨九反。君为之不举,去盛馔。
○去,起吕(lv)反。馔,仕眷(juan)反。
[疏]注“去盛馔”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue):《周礼(li)·膳夫职(zhi)》曰(yue)(yue):“王日一(yi)举(ju),鼎十(shi)(shi)有(you)二(er)物,皆有(you)俎,以乐侑食。大(da)(da)丧则(ze)不(bu)举(ju),大(da)(da)荒则(ze)不(bu)举(ju),大(da)(da)札则(ze)不(bu)举(ju),天地有(you)灾则(ze)不(bu)举(ju),邦有(you)大(da)(da)故则(ze)不(bu)举(ju)。”郑(zheng)玄云:“杀牲盛(sheng)馔曰(yue)(yue)举(ju)。”襄二(er)十(shi)(shi)六年传曰(yue)(yue):“古(gu)之(zhi)治民者(zhe),将刑,为之(zhi)不(bu)举(ju),不(bu)举(ju)则(ze)彻(che)乐。”是不(bu)举(ju)者(zhe),贬(bian)膳食,彻(che)声乐也。
而况敢乐祸乎?奸王之位,祸孰大焉?临祸忘忧,忧必及之。盍纳王乎?”虢公曰:“寡人之愿也。”
○奸音干。盍,胡猎反(fan),何(he)不也。
【经】二十有一年,春,王正月(yue)。
夏,五月,辛(xin)酉,郑伯突卒。十(shi)六年,与(yu)鲁大夫盟(meng)于幽。
秋,七月,戊戌,夫人姜氏薨。无传。薨寝祔姑,赴於诸侯,故具小君礼书之。
○祔音附。
[疏]二十(shi)一年注“薨寝(qin)”至“书之(zhi)”。正义曰:经无所阙(que),礼具可知,杜为此注者,以先儒之(zhi)说(shuo)使庄公绝母(mu)子之(zhi)亲(qin),故(gu)於此明之(zhi),知母(mu)子不绝。下葬注亦然。
冬,十有二月,葬(zang)郑厉公(gong)。无传(chuan)。八月葬(zang),缓慢也(ye)。
【传】二十一年,春,胥命于弭。夏,同伐王城。(郑、虢相命,弭,郑地。
○弭,面尔反。)郑伯将王自圉门入,虢叔自北门入,杀王子颓及五大夫。郑伯享王于阙西辟,乐备。(阙,象魏也。乐备,备六代之乐。
○圉,鱼吕反(fan)。辟(pi),蒲历反(fan)。)
[疏]注“阙象魏也”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):定二年,雉门(men)(men)及两(liang)观(guan)(guan)灾,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“两(liang)观(guan)(guan),阙也(ye)。”《礼(li)运(yun)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“昔者(zhe)仲尼与於(wu)蜡宾,事毕,出游於(wu)观(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上。”郑玄云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“观(guan)(guan),阙也(ye)。”《释宫》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“观(guan)(guan),谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阙。”郭璞云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“宫门(men)(men)双阙。”《周礼(li)·大(da)宰》“正(zheng)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji),县(xian)治(zhi)象(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法于象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei),使万民观(guan)(guan)治(zhi)象(xiang)(xiang)”,郑玄云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei),阙也(ye)。”哀三(san)年鲁灾,传称季桓(huan)子御公(gong)立于象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,命藏(zang)象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei),曰(yue):“旧章(zhang)不可亡也(ye)。”由此(ci)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)观(guan)(guan)阙、象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei),其事一也(ye)。刘熙《释名》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“阙,在门(men)(men)两(liang)旁,中央(yang)阙然,为道也(ye)。”然则(ze)其上县(xian)法象(xiang)(xiang),其状(zhuang)巍巍然高大(da)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei),使人观(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)观(guan)(guan)也(ye)。阙西(xi)辟者(zhe),辟是(shi)旁侧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语也(ye)。服(fu)虔(qian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“西(xi)辟,西(xi)偏也(ye)。”当谓(wei)(wei)两(liang)观(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)也(ye)。
王与之武公之略,自虎牢以东。略,界也。郑武公傅平王,平王赐之自虎牢以东,后失其地,故惠王今复与之。虎牢,河南成皋县。
○复,扶又(you)反(fan)。
[疏]注“略界”至“皋县”。
○正义曰:《孟(meng)子(zi)》云:“仁政必自(zi)经(jing)(jing)界(jie)始。”昭(zhao)七年(nian)传(chuan)曰:“天(tian)子(zi)经(jing)(jing)略(lve)(lve)(lve),诸侯(hou)正封(feng),封(feng)略(lve)(lve)(lve)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,何非君土。”《孟(meng)子(zi)》经(jing)(jing)界(jie)即传(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)经(jing)(jing)略(lve)(lve)(lve)。且云“封(feng)略(lve)(lve)(lve)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内”,封(feng)是竟,则知(zhi)略(lve)(lve)(lve)是界(jie)也。武(wu)公,东郑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始封(feng)君也。言武(wu)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)略(lve)(lve)(lve),则是武(wu)公旧竟,若其由来不失,不须今日复与(yu),故知(zhi)后失其地,惠王(wang)(wang)今复与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。隐十(shi)一(yi)年(nian),王(wang)(wang)取邬、刘、蒍、邘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田于郑,盖桓王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。
原伯曰:“郑伯效尤,其亦将有咎!”原伯,原庄公也。言效子颓舞徧乐。
○效,户教反。徧音遍。五月,郑厉公卒。王巡虢守。巡守於虢国也。天子省方,谓之巡守。
○守音狩(shou),本或作狩(shou),后放(fang)此,注同。
[疏]注“巡守”至“巡守”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):《孟子(zi)(zi)》云:“诸侯(hou)朝(chao)天子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)述职(zhi),天子(zi)(zi)適(shi)诸侯(hou)曰(yue)巡(xun)守(shou)(shou)”。守(shou)(shou)者,守(shou)(shou)也。言诸侯(hou)为天子(zi)(zi)守(shou)(shou)土,天子(zi)(zi)时巡(xun)行之。《易》称“后不省方”,故云“天子(zi)(zi)省方,谓之巡(xun)守(shou)(shou)”。
虢公为王宫于玤,玤,虢地。
○玤,蒲顶反。王与之酒泉。酒泉,周邑。郑伯之享王也,王以后之鞶鉴予之。后,王后也。鞶,带而以鉴为饰也。今西方羌胡犹然,古之遗服。
○鞶,步(bu)干反(fan),又蒲官反(fan),绅带也(ye)。鉴,工暂反(fan),镜也(ye)。
[疏]注“后王”至“遗服”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):鞶(pan)是带也,鉴是镜也,此与(yu)定六(liu)年传皆鞶(pan)鉴双言(yan),则鞶(pan)鉴一物(wu),故知以镜饰带,举今羌胡之服(fu)以明(ming)之。
虢公请器,王予之爵。爵,饮酒器。郑伯由是始恶於王。为僖二十四年郑执王使张本。
○恶(e),乌路反(fan)(fan),又如字。使,所吏反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]“虢公”至“於王”。
○正义曰:郑伯谓厉公子文公也。服(fu)虔云:鞶鉴,王后妇人之物,非所(suo)以(yi)赐(ci)有功(gong)。爵(jue),饮(yin)酒器,玉爵(jue)也,一升曰爵(jue)。爵(jue),人之所(suo)贵(gui)者(zhe),言郑伯以(yi)其(qi)父(fu)得(de)赐(ci),不如(ru)虢公,为(wei)是始恶於王,积(ji)而成怨,僖二(er)十四年(nian),遂执王使,此(ci)为(wei)彼张本(ben)。
冬,王归自虢。传言王之偏也。
【经】二十二年,春,王正月,肆大眚。(无传。赦有罪也。《易》称“赦过宥罪”,《书》称“眚灾肆赦”,传称“肆眚围郑”,皆放赦罪人,荡涤众故,以新其心。有时而用之,非制所常,故书。
○眚(sheng),所景反。荡音荡,本又作荡。涤,徒历反。)
[疏]二十二年注“赦有”至“故书”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“肆(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)大(da)眚(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”者(zhe),肆(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si),缓(huan)也(ye)(ye)(ye);眚(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),过(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。缓(huan)纵大(da)过(guo)(guo),是赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)有(you)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)犹(you)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),则小罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)亦赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi),犹(you)今赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)书大(da)辟罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)悉皆原免(mian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《易·解(jie)(jie)卦·象》云(yun)(yun):“雷雨(yu)作,解(jie)(jie)。君子(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)过(guo)(guo)宥罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)。”解(jie)(jie)卦坎(kan)下(xia)震上,震为(wei)雷,坎(kan)为(wei)雨(yu),雷动雨(yu)下(xia),而(er)(er)万物解(jie)(jie)散,故(gu)君子(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)卦象,而(er)(er)放赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)有(you)过(guo)(guo)、宽(kuan)宥罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)人也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《书》称“眚(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)灾肆(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)”,《舜(shun)典》文(wen)。孔安(an)国(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun):“眚(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),过(guo)(guo)。灾,害。肆(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si),缓(huan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。过(guo)(guo)而(er)(er)有(you)害,当缓(huan)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)。”“肆(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)眚(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)围郑(zheng)”,襄九年(nian)传文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)诸言肆(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)眚(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe),皆是放赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)人,荡(dang)涤众故(gu),除其(qi)瑕秽,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)新其(qi)心(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。必其(qi)国(guo)(guo)有(you)大(da)患,非赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)解(jie)(jie),或上有(you)嘉庆,须(xu)(xu)布大(da)恩(en),如是乃行此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)事(shi)(shi)。故(gu)《释(shi)例》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“天(tian)(tian)有(you)四(si)时(shi)(shi),得(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成岁。雷霆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)振之(zhi)(zhi),霜雪以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)齐之(zhi)(zhi),春阳以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)暖之(zhi)(zhi),云(yun)(yun)雨(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)润(run)之(zhi)(zhi),然后能相育也(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)且弗违,而(er)(er)况(kuang)於人乎(hu)!物不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可终‘否’,故(gu)受之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)‘同(tong)(tong)人’。同(tong)(tong)人者(zhe),与人同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。解(jie)(jie)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)结,成天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)亹(wei)亹(wei),肆(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)大(da)眚(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)谓也(ye)(ye)(ye)。尧曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘咨!尔舜(shun)!有(you)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。’所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)须(xu)(xu)待(dai)革命,有(you)时(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)用之(zhi)(zhi),非制所常,故(gu)书之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”杜(du)唯言有(you)时(shi)(shi)用之(zhi)(zhi),亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)时(shi)(shi)何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)须(xu)(xu)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。《穀(gu)梁传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“肆(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)大(da)眚(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),为(wei)嫌天(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)葬(zang)(zang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。其(qi)意(yi)言文(wen)姜有(you)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)礼而(er)(er)葬(zang)(zang)。若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复书葬(zang)(zang),嫌天(tian)(tian)子(zi)许之(zhi)(zhi),明须(xu)(xu)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)而(er)(er)后得(de)(de)葬(zang)(zang),故(gu)为(wei)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。贾(jia)逵以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)姜为(wei)有(you)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui),故(gu)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)而(er)(er)后葬(zang)(zang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)说臣子(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。鲁(lu)大(da)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)国(guo)(guo)中罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)过(guo)(guo),欲令文(wen)姜之(zhi)(zhi)过(guo)(guo)因是得(de)(de)除,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)葬(zang)(zang)文(wen)姜。杜(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明说,要文(wen)姜出奔(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)日,尚称夫(fu)人,夫(fu)人之(zhi)(zhi)名,未尝有(you)贬,何(he)须(xu)(xu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)除之(zhi)(zhi)?此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)必不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)文(wen)姜。但夫(fu)人以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)去(qu)年(nian)七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)薨,十一(yi)月(yue)(yue)则当合葬(zang)(zang),乃至(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)年(nian)正月(yue)(yue)经七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)始葬(zang)(zang),如此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)迟缓(huan),必是国(guo)(guo)家有(you)事(shi)(shi),须(xu)(xu)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)解(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi),但不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知其(qi)所由耳(er)。
癸丑(chou),葬我小君文姜。无传。反哭(ku)成丧,故称(cheng)小君。
陈人杀其公子御寇。宣公太子也。陈人恶其杀太子之名,故不称君父以国讨公子告。
○御(yu)音御(yu),本亦作(zuo)御(yu)。恶,乌路反(fan)。
[疏]注“宣公”至“子告”。
○正义曰(yue):传言(yan)大(da)子(zi)(zi),必是(shi)(shi)大(da)子(zi)(zi)也。僖五年,晋侯杀(sha)其(qi)世子(zi)(zi)申生,称(cheng)君、称(cheng)世子(zi)(zi),此不(bu)(bu)然者(zhe),《释例》曰(yue):“古(gu)者(zhe)讨杀(sha)其(qi)大(da)夫(fu),各以罪状宣(xuan)告诸侯,所以惩不(bu)(bu)义,重刑(xing)戮也。晋侯使以杀(sha)大(da)子(zi)(zi)申生之(zhi)故来告,卫杀(sha)孔(kong)达,传载其(qi)辞,辞虽有临时(shi)之(zhi)状,其(qi)告则(ze)常也。”然则(ze)杀(sha)大(da)夫(fu)、公子(zi)(zi),当以罪状告人(ren)。此传不(bu)(bu)说(shuo)御(yu)寇之(zhi)罪,则(ze)陈人(ren)不(bu)(bu)以罪告;而(er)经书公子(zi)(zi),是(shi)(shi)恶杀(sha)大(da)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)名(ming),故不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)君父,以国(guo)讨公子(zi)(zi)告。
夏,五月。
[疏]“夏五月”。
○正义(yi)曰:《释例》曰:“年之四时(shi),虽或无事,必空书首月(yue)(yue),以纪时(shi)变,以明历数。庄公独称‘夏五月(yue)(yue)’,及经四时(shi)有(you)不具者,丘明无文,皆阙(que)缪(mou)也。”
秋,七(qi)月,丙(bing)申,及齐(qi)高傒(xi)盟(meng)(meng)于防(fang)。无传。高傒(xi),齐(qi)之贵卿,而与鲁(lu)之微(wei)者(zhe)盟(meng)(meng),齐(qi)桓谦接诸侯,以崇(chong)霸业。
冬,公如齐纳币。无传。公不使卿而亲纳币,非礼也。母丧未再期而图昏,二传不见所讥,左氏又无传,失礼明故。
○见,贤遍(bian)反,又(you)如(ru)字。
[疏]注“公不”至“明故”。
○正义曰:《释例》曰:“宋公(gong)(gong)使(shi)华元来(lai)聘(pin),聘(pin)不(bu)(bu)应(ying)使(shi)卿(qing)(qing),故(gu)传(chuan)但(dan)言聘(pin)共姬也(ye);使(shi)公(gong)(gong)孙寿来(lai)纳币(bi),纳币(bi)应(ying)使(shi)卿(qing)(qing),故(gu)传(chuan)明言其得(de)礼(li)也(ye)。”是(shi)纳币(bi)当使(shi)卿(qing)(qing),公(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)使(shi)卿(qing)(qing),亲纳币(bi),非礼(li)也(ye)。
【传】二十二年,春,陈人杀其大子御寇,(传称太子,以实言。)陈公子完与颛孙奔齐。(公子完,颛孙,皆御寇之党。
○颛音专。)颛孙自齐来奔。(不书,非卿。)齐侯使敬仲为卿,(敬仲,陈公子完。)辞曰:“羁旅之臣,(羁,寄也。旅,客也。)幸若获宥,及於宽政,(宥,赦也。)赦其不闲於教训,而免於罪戾,弛於负担,(弛,去离也。
○弛,失氏反。担,丁暂反。离,力智反。)君之惠也,所获多矣。敢辱高位,以速官谤?(敢,不敢也。
○谤,布浪反。)请以死告。(以死自誓。)《诗》云:‘翘翘车乘,招我以弓,岂不欲往?畏我友朋。’”(逸《诗》也。翘翘,远貌。古者聘士以弓,言虽贪显命,惧为朋友所讥责。
○翘,祁尧反。乘,绳证反。)使为工正。(掌百工之官。)饮桓公酒,乐。(齐桓贤之,故就其家会,据主人之辞。故言饮桓公酒。
○饮,於鸩反,注同。乐(le)音(yin)洛,下(xia)注同。)
[疏]注“齐桓”至“公酒”。
○正义曰:春秋(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)世,设享礼(li)以召(zhao)君者,皆(jie)大臣(chen)擅(shan)宠,如卫公叔文子、宋(song)桓魋(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)徒始为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)耳,为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)非礼(li)法也。敬仲,羁旅(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen),且知(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)者也,必(bi)不召(zhao)公临(lin)己(ji),知(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)桓公贤之(zhi)(zhi),自就其(qi)家会也。据敬仲为(wei)主人辞,故言饮(yin)公酒耳。
公曰:“以火继(ji)之。”辞(ci)曰:“臣卜其(qi)昼,未卜其(qi)夜(ye),不(bu)敢!”
[疏]“臣卜”至“不敢”。
○正义曰:服虔云(yun):“臣将(jiang)享(xiang)君,必(bi)卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),示戒慎(shen)也(ye)(ye)。”此桓公(gong)自就其家,非敬仲(zhong)(zhong)发心(xin)请享(xiang),不(bu)得言将(jiang)享(xiang)必(bi)卜(bu)也(ye)(ye)。盖桓公(gong)告其往日,乃卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。言未卜(bu)其夜者,《诗(shi)》云(yun):“厌厌夜饮(yin),在(zai)宗载考。”郑(zheng)玄云(yun):考,成(cheng)也(ye)(ye)。夜饮(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼,在(zai)宗室同姓(xing)则成(cheng),於(wu)庶姓(xing)让之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则止,引此敬仲(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,云(yun)此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)不(bu)成(cheng)。是言敬仲(zhong)(zhong)非齐同姓(xing),故(gu)不(bu)敢(gan)也(ye)(ye)。
君子曰:“酒以成礼,不继以淫,义也;夜饮为淫乐。以君成礼,弗纳於淫,仁也”。初,懿氏卜妻敬仲。懿氏,陈大夫。龟曰卜。
○妻,七(qi)计(ji)反。
[疏]注“龟曰卜”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):《曲礼(li)(li)》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)》:“大卜掌三(san)兆之(zhi)法(fa):一曰(yue)(yue)玉兆,二(er)(er)曰(yue)(yue)瓦兆,三(san)曰(yue)(yue)原(yuan)(yuan)兆。其(qi)经兆之(zhi)体,皆(jie)百有二(er)(er)十(shi),其(qi)颂(song)(song)皆(jie)千(qian)有二(er)(er)百。”郑玄云:“兆者,灼龟发於火(huo),其(qi)形可占者,其(qi)象似玉、瓦、原(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)亹(wei)鏬(xia),是用名之(zhi)焉。原(yuan)(yuan),原(yuan)(yuan)田也(ye)(ye)(ye)。颂(song)(song),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)繇(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)也(ye)(ye)(ye),每体十(shi)繇(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。”然则卜人所(suo)(suo)占之(zhi)语,古人谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)为繇(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),其(qi)辞(ci)视兆而(er)作,出於临(lin)时(shi)之(zhi)占,或(huo)是旧辞(ci),或(huo)是新造(zao),犹(you)如(ru)筮者引《周(zhou)易》,或(huo)别造(zao)辞(ci),卜之(zhi)繇(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)辞(ci),未(wei)必皆(jie)在其(qi)颂(song)(song)千(qian)有二(er)(er)百之(zhi)中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此传“凤凰于飞”下尽(jin)“莫(mo)之(zhi)与(yu)京(jing)”;襄(xiang)十(shi)年传称卫卜御寇,姜(jiang)氏问繇(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),曰(yue)(yue)“兆如(ru)山陵(ling),有夫(fu)出征,而(er)丧其(qi)雄(xiong)”;哀九(jiu)年传称晋赵鞅卜救郑,遇水適火(huo),史龟曰(yue)(yue)“是谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)沈阳,可以(yi)兴兵,利以(yi)伐姜(jiang),不利子商”,三(san)者皆(jie)是繇(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)辞(ci),其(qi)辞(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)韵(yun),则繇(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)辞(ci)法(fa)当(dang)韵(yun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭璞(pu)撰自所(suo)(suo)卜事,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)“辞(ci)林”,其(qi)辞(ci)皆(jie)韵(yun),习於古也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
其妻占之,曰:“吉!懿氏妻。是谓‘凤皇于飞,和鸣锵锵。雄曰凤,雌曰皇。雄雌俱飞,相和而鸣锵锵然,犹敬仲夫妻相随適齐,有声誉。
○和,如字(zi),又(you)户卧反,注同。锵,七羊反,本又(you)作将将。
[疏]注“雄曰”至“声誉”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):《释(shi)鸟(niao)》云:“鶠(yan)、凤(feng),其(qi)雌皇。”郭(guo)璞云:“瑞应鸟(niao)。”《说文(wen)》云:“凤(feng),神鸟(niao)也。天老(lao)曰(yue)(yue):凤(feng)之(zhi)象也,鸿前麟后(hou),蛇颈鱼(yu)尾,鹳颡鸳思,龙文(wen)龟(gui)背(bei),燕颔鸡喙,五色(se)备(bei)举,出於东(dong)方君(jun)子之(zhi)国,翱翔四海之(zhi)外,过昆(kun)仑,饮(yin)砥柱,濯羽弱水,莫(mo)宿丹(dan)穴(xue),见则天下大(da)安(an)宁。从(cong)鸟(niao),凡声。凤(feng)飞则群鸟(niao)从(cong)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)万数,故古文(wen)凤(feng)作朋字。”《山海经》云:“丹(dan)穴(xue)之(zhi)山有(you)鸟(niao)焉,其(qi)状(zhuang)如鹤(he),五采而(er)文(wen),名曰(yue)(yue)凤(feng)皇;首文(wen)曰(yue)(yue)德,翼文(wen)曰(yue)(yue)顺,背(bei)文(wen)曰(yue)(yue)义,膺文(wen)曰(yue)(yue)仁,腹文(wen)曰(yue)(yue)信。是鸟(niao)也,饮(yin)食则自歌自舞。”是说凤(feng)皇之(zhi)状(zhuang)也。凤(feng)皇雄雌俱(ju)飞,喻(yu)敬仲夫(fu)妻相随(sui)。锵锵,鸣之(zhi)声,故以(yi)(yi)喻(yu)有(you)声誉也。
有妫之后,将育于姜。妫,陈姓。姜,齐姓。五世其昌,并于正卿。八世之后,莫之与京’。”京,大也。
○并于(yu),本或作(zuo)“并为”,误。
[疏]“五世”至“与京”。
○正义曰(yue):五世其(qi)(qi)昌,言(yan)其(qi)(qi)始昌盛也(ye)。并于(yu)正卿(qing),位与卿(qing)并得(de)(de)为上大夫也(ye)。莫(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)与京(jing),谓无(wu)与之(zhi)(zhi)比大,言(yan)其(qi)(qi)位最高也(ye)。五世、八(ba)世当是卜(bu)兆之(zhi)(zhi)间有其(qi)(qi)象。传(chuan)言(yan)其(qi)(qi)占之(zhi)(zhi)辞,不言(yan)其(qi)(qi)知之(zhi)(zhi)意,固(gu)非后学所得(de)(de)详之(zhi)(zhi)。
陈厉公,蔡出(chu)也,姊妹之子曰出(chu)。
[疏]注“姊妹之子曰出”。
○正义曰:《释亲》云(yun):“男子(zi)谓姊妹之子(zi)为出(chu)。”言姊妹出(chu)嫁而生(sheng)子(zi)也。
故蔡人杀五父而立之。五父,陈佗也。杀陈佗在桓六年。
○佗,大多反。生敬仲。其少也,周史有以《周易》见陈侯者,周大史也。
○少,诗照(zhao)反。见,如(ru)字,又贤遍反。大音(yin)泰。
[疏]注“周大史也”。
○正义曰:直言周(zhou)史,知(zhi)是大(da)史者,《周(zhou)礼(li)》大(da)史掌书,昭二年传称(cheng)韩宣子观书於(wu)大(da)史氏,此以《周(zhou)易(yi)》见(jian)(jian)陈(chen)(chen)侯,故知(zhi)是大(da)史也(ye)。以《周(zhou)易(yi)》见(jian)(jian)者,自以知(zhi)《周(zhou)易(yi)》见(jian)(jian)陈(chen)(chen)侯,言己明《易(yi)》能筮,故陈(chen)(chen)侯使之筮也(ye)。
陈侯使筮之,蓍曰筮。
○筮,上制反(fan)。蓍音(yin)尸。
[疏]注“蓍曰筮”。
○正义曰:《曲礼》文也。其揲蓍求卦之法,则《易·系辞》具焉(yan)。
遇观坤下巽上,观。
○观,古乱反,注皆同。之否。坤下乾上,否。观六四爻变而为否。
○否(fou),备矣反,注(zhu)皆同(tong)。
[疏(shu)]“遇(yu)(yu)观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)(fou)”。正(zheng)义(yi)曰:此(ci)注坤(kun)(kun)(kun)下(xia)(xia)巽(xun)上(shang)观(guan),坤(kun)(kun)(kun)下(xia)(xia)乾(qian)上(shang)否(fou)(fou)及六(liu)四爻变,诸如此(ci)辈,皆(jie)据《周易》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。刘炫(xuan)(xuan)《规(gui)过(guo)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)(fou)者(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)(wei)(wei)观(guan)卦(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)(fou)爻;屯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)者(zhe)(zhe),屯卦(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)爻,皆(jie)不(bu)取后(hou)卦(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。”今删(shan)定以为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)然。何者(zhe)(zhe)?以闵元年(nian)毕万筮(shi)仕,遇(yu)(yu)屯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi),云(yun)(yun)(yun)“屯固比(bi)入”。僖十五年(nian),晋(jin)献公筮(shi)嫁伯(bo)姬(ji),得(de)归(gui)妹(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)睽(kui),云(yun)(yun)(yun)“士刲羊,亦(yi)(yi)无衁”,归(gui)妹(mei)上(shang)六(liu)爻辞;又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“归(gui)妹(mei)、睽(kui)孤(gu),寇张(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弧”,睽(kui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)九爻辞;又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“归(gui)妹(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)睽(kui),犹无相也(ye)”。昭五年(nian)明夷(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谦(qian),云(yun)(yun)(yun)“明夷(yi)于(yu)飞(fei)”,“垂其(qi)翼”,又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“谦(qian)不(bu)足,飞(fei)不(bu)翔”。此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等类(lei),皆(jie)取前后(hou)二卦(gua)以占吉凶,今人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筮(shi)亦(yi)(yi)皆(jie)如此(ci)。故(gu)贾、服及杜并皆(jie)同(tong)焉(yan)(yan)。刘炫(xuan)(xuan)苟异前儒,好为(wei)(wei)(wei)别见,以规(gui)杜氏,非(fei)也(ye)。沈云(yun)(yun)(yun):遇(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)期而(er)(er)(er)会之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。筮(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)所得(de)卦(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉凶,非(fei)有宿契,逢遇(yu)(yu)而(er)(er)(er)已,故(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遇(yu)(yu)。刘炫(xuan)(xuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun):下(xia)(xia)体(ti)(ti)坤(kun)(kun)(kun),坤(kun)(kun)(kun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)众(zhong),上(shang)体(ti)(ti)巽(xun),巽(xun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)风(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)木,互体(ti)(ti)有艮(gen)(gen),艮(gen)(gen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)门阙(que),地(di)(di)上(shang)有木而(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)门阙(que),宫室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang),宫室而(er)(er)(er)可风(feng)化,使天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)观(guan)焉(yan)(yan),故(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)观(guan)也(ye)。下(xia)(xia)体(ti)(ti)坤(kun)(kun)(kun),坤(kun)(kun)(kun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di),上(shang)体(ti)(ti)乾(qian),乾(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian),天(tian)不(bu)下(xia)(xia)降,地(di)(di)不(bu)上(shang)腾,天(tian)地(di)(di)不(bu)通(tong)其(qi)气,上(shang)下(xia)(xia)否(fou)(fou)塞(sai),故(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)(fou)也(ye)。
曰:“是谓‘观国之光,利用宾于王’。此《周易》观卦六四爻辞。《易》之为书,六爻皆有变象,又有互体,圣人随其义而论之。
○爻,户交反。此其(qi)代陈有国(guo)乎?不在(zai)(zai)此,其(qi)在(zai)(zai)异国(guo);非此其(qi)身,在(zai)(zai)其(qi)子孙。
[疏]“是谓”至“子孙”。
○正义曰:“观国之光,利用宾于王”二句,《周易》文也。此先云:“不在此,其在异国”,后云“非此其身,在其子孙”,所以在下覆结,先云“其在后乎”,后云“在异国”者,“其在异国”之下,更欲演说异国是大岳姜姓,其言稍多,且须以结末,故进“其在后乎”於上,先解之也。“庭实旅百”以下,方解“利用宾于王”,则上句“故曰观国”之下,未须宾王之句,而再言“利用宾于王”者,盖以“观国之光”即是朝王之事,直言观光,以文不足,故连言宾王,但未解宾王之义,故於下更重解之。传称引《诗》断章,则引《易》论事,《易》未必如本。此言“观国之光”,谓所为筮者观他人有国之光荣也,此有国之人,利用为宾客於王朝也,其意言见其子孙有国,作宾於王家耳,非其身也。“代陈有国”,言代陈正適子孙,有其国家,陈灭此兴,是代之也。
○注“此周”至“论之”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):《易》之(zhi)为书(shu),揲蓍求爻(yao),重(zhong)爻(yao)为卦(gua)(gua)(gua),爻(yao)有(you)(you)七、八、九、六(liu)(liu)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)七、八者(zhe),六(liu)(liu)爻(yao)并(bing)皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)变(bian),卦(gua)(gua)(gua)下总为之(zhi)辞,名之(zhi)曰(yue)“彖(tuan)”,《彖(tuan)》者(zhe),才(cai)也(ye)(ye),总论一卦(gua)(gua)(gua)之(zhi)才(cai)德,若乾“元亨利(li)贞”之(zhi)类(lei)皆是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)九、六(liu)(liu)者(zhe),当(dang)爻(yao)有(you)(you)变(bian),每爻(yao)别为其(qi)(qi)(qi)辞,名之(zhi)曰(yue)“象(xiang)(xiang)”,象(xiang)(xiang)者(zhe),像也(ye)(ye),指言一爻(yao)所象(xiang)(xiang),若乾“初九,潜龙勿(wu)用”之(zhi)类(lei)皆是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)变(bian)者(zhe)聚而(er)为彖(tuan),其(qi)(qi)(qi)变(bian)者(zhe)散而(er)为象(xiang)(xiang)。计每於一卦(gua)(gua)(gua),当(dang)书(shu)两体(ti)(ti),但以(yi)此爻(yao)阴阳(yang)既同,唯变(bian)否有(you)(you)异,且每爻(yao)异辞,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可爻(yao)作(zuo)二(er)画(hua),从(cong)上可知,故不(bu)(bu)(bu)画(hua)二(er)也(ye)(ye)。传之(zhi)筮者(zhe)指取(qu)《易》义(yi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)为论卦(gua)(gua)(gua),丘明不(bu)(bu)(bu)画(hua)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)也(ye)(ye)。诸为注(zhu)者(zhe)皆言上体(ti)(ti)下体(ti)(ti),若其(qi)(qi)(qi)画(hua)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)示人(ren),则(ze)当(dang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)烦(fan)此注(zhu),注(zhu)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)画(hua)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)也(ye)(ye)。今书(shu)有(you)(you)画(hua)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)者(zhe),当(dang)是(shi)后之(zhi)学者(zhe),自(zi)恐不(bu)(bu)(bu)识,私画(hua)以(yi)备(bei)忘,遂传之(zhi)耳。每爻(yao)各(ge)有(you)(you)象(xiang)(xiang)辞,是(shi)六(liu)(liu)爻(yao)皆有(you)(you)变(bian)象(xiang)(xiang)。二(er)至四,三至五,两体(ti)(ti)交互,各(ge)成一卦(gua)(gua)(gua),先儒谓之(zhi)互体(ti)(ti),圣(sheng)人(ren)随其(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)而(er)论之(zhi),或取(qu)爻(yao)象(xiang)(xiang)或取(qu)骏体(ti)(ti),言其(qi)(qi)(qi)取(qu)义(yi)为常也(ye)(ye)。
光远而自他有耀者也(ye)。
[疏(shu)]“光(guang)远”至“耀(yao)者(zhe)也”。正义(yi)(yi)曰:《易》称(cheng)“观(guan)国之光(guang)”,故解其(qi)光(guang)义(yi)(yi),言光(guang)在此处,远照(zhao)(zhao)於他(ta)(ta)(ta)物(wu),从他(ta)(ta)(ta)物(wu)之上而有明(ming)耀(yao)者(zhe)也。谓(wei)光(guang)能远照(zhao)(zhao),於他(ta)(ta)(ta)物(wu)有明(ming),故下云(yun)“照(zhao)(zhao)之以(yi)天光(guang)”是(shi)也。
坤,土也。巽,风也。乾,天也。风为天於土上,山也。巽变为乾,故曰风为天。自二至四,有艮象。艮为山。
○乾,其然反。
[疏]“於土上山也”。
○正义曰:六四(si)之爻位在坤(kun)上,坤(kun)为(wei)土(tu)地,山(shan)是(shi)地之高者,居於土(tu)上,是(shi)为(wei)土(tu)上山(shan)也(ye)。又巽(xun)变为(wei)坤(kun),六四(si)变为(wei)九四(si),从二至(zhi)四(si),互体有艮之象,艮为(wei)山(shan),故言山(shan)也(ye)。
有(you)山(shan)之(zhi)材(cai)(cai)而(er)照之(zhi)以天(tian)光,於(wu)是(shi)乎居土(tu)(tu)上(shang),山(shan)则材(cai)(cai)之(zhi)所生。上(shang)有(you)乾(qian),下有(you)坤,故言居土(tu)(tu)上(shang),照之(zhi)以天(tian)光。故曰:‘观国(guo)之(zhi)光,利(li)用宾于王。’四为诸侯,变而(er)之(zhi)乾(qian),有(you)国(guo)朝王之(zhi)象。
[疏]“有山”至“于王”。
○正(zheng)义曰:山则材之(zhi)(zhi)所生(sheng),此人有(you)山之(zhi)(zhi)材,言其必大富(fu)也(ye)。上天(tian)以明临下(xia),照之(zhi)(zhi)以天(tian)光,言天(tian)子(zi)临照之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。於是(shi)(shi)乎又居於土上,既富(fu)矣,而彼(bi)天(tian)照又复居有(you)土地,是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)国君之(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)。《易》位四(si)为(wei)(wei)诸侯,变而为(wei)(wei)乾(qian),乾(qian)为(wei)(wei)天(tian)子(zi),是(shi)(shi)有(you)国朝王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)象,故曰“观国之(zhi)(zhi)光,利用宾于王(wang)(wang)”。
庭实旅百,奉之以玉帛,天地之美具焉,故曰:‘利用宾于王。’艮为门庭,乾为金玉,坤为布帛。诸侯朝王,陈贽币之象。旅,陈也。百,言物备。
○挚音至,本又作贽,同(tong)。
[疏]“庭实”至“于王”。
○正义曰:《觐礼》,侯氏执圭见王,王受圭,礼成乃出。又入行享礼,献国之所有。此说行享礼也。旅,陈也。庭之所实,陈有百品,言物备也。“奉之以玉帛”,谓执玉帛而致享礼。彼天之照,有地之材,天子赐之土田,国君献国所有,天地之美备具焉,朝王之仪毕足矣,故曰“利用宾于王”。
○注“艮为”至“物备”。
○正(zheng)义曰:《易(yi)·说卦》:艮为(wei)门(men)阙,乾(qian)为(wei)金玉(yu),坤(kun)为(wei)布帛。杜以(yi)门(men)内(nei)有庭(ting)(ting),传(chuan)言(yan)庭(ting)(ting)实,故改言(yan)艮为(wei)门(men)庭(ting)(ting)耳(er)。杜言(yan)“诸侯朝王(wang),陈贽(zhi)币之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象”者(zhe),谓陈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)行享(xiang)礼(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《觐(jin)礼(li)》,侯氏(shi)(shi)既见王(wang),乃云:“四(si)享(xiang)皆(jie)束帛加(jia)(jia)璧,庭(ting)(ting)实唯国(guo)所(suo)(suo)有。”郑玄云:“四(si)当(dang)为(wei)三(san),《大行人职》曰,诸侯庙中将币,皆(jie)三(san)享(xiang),其(qi)(qi)(qi)礼(li)差又无(wu)取(qu)於(wu)四(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。初享(xiang)或用(yong)马(ma),或用(yong)虎豹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皮;其(qi)(qi)(qi)次享(xiang)三(san)牲(sheng)鱼腊,笾豆(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实,龟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),金也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),丹、漆、丝、纊(kuang)、竹、箭也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀无(wu)常(chang)货(huo),此(ci)物(wu)非一(yi)国(guo)所(suo)(suo)能有,唯国(guo)所(suo)(suo)有分(fen)为(wei)三(san)享(xiang),皆(jie)以(yi)璧帛致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”《礼(li)器》云:“大飨其(qi)(qi)(qi)王(wang)事与。三(san)牲(sheng)鱼腊,四(si)海九州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美味也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);笾豆(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)荐,四(si)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)气(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);内(nei)金,示和(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);束帛加(jia)(jia)璧,尊德(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);龟为(wei)前列,先(xian)(xian)知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);金次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),见情也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);丹、漆、丝、纊(kuang)、竹、箭,与众共财也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀无(wu)常(chang)货(huo),各以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)有,则致远物(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《郊特牲(sheng)》曰:“旅币无(wu)方(fang),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)别土地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,而(er)节远迩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);龟为(wei)前列,先(xian)(xian)知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);以(yi)锺次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)和(he)居参之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。虎豹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皮,示服猛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);束帛加(jia)(jia)璧,往德(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郑玄《觐(jin)礼(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)注所(suo)(suo)言(yan)出於(wu)彼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。杜言(yan)“贽(zhi)币”即郑所(suo)(suo)谓“璧帛”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),此(ci)“奉(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)玉(yu)帛”,执以(yi)致庭(ting)(ting)实耳(er)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)玉(yu)帛不入(ru)王(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),《觐(jin)礼(li)》侯氏(shi)(shi)致享(xiang),执玉(yu)致命,王(wang)抚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)已,不受(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又曰侯氏(shi)(shi)降授宰币,是庭(ting)(ting)实之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)币皆(jie)庭(ting)(ting)受(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),唯马(ma)受(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)门(men)外耳(er)。“旅,陈”,《释诂》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。百者(zhe),言(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)备也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
犹有观焉,故曰:‘其在后乎!’因观文以博占,故言犹有观,非在已之言,故知在子孙。
○观,古乱反。
[疏]注“因观”至“子孙”。
○正义曰:以(yi)卦名观(guan),故因观(guan)文以(yi)博占也。观(guan)者(zhe),视(shi)他之辞。此宾王之事,若(ruo)所为筮者(zhe)身自当有(you),则不(bu)应(ying)观(guan)他。此卦犹有(you)观(guan)焉,观(guan)非(fei)在已之言,其人观(guan)他有(you)之,故知在其子孙也。
风行而著於土,
[疏]“风行而著於土”。
○正义曰:服虔云:巽在(zai)(zai)坤上,故(gu)为(wei)著土也。一曰巽为(wei)风,复为(wei)木,风吹木实落去,更生他土而长育,是为(wei)在(zai)(zai)异国。
故曰:‘其在异国乎!’若在异国,必姜姓也。姜,大岳之后也。姜姓之先为尧四岳。
○著,直(zhi)略反。大岳,音(yin)泰(tai),下音(yin)岳。
[疏]注“姜姓”至“四岳”。
○正义曰(yue):《周语》称(cheng)尧命禹治水,“共(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)从孙四(si)岳佐之(zhi)(zhi),胙(zuo)四(si)岳国,命为侯伯,赐姓曰(yue)姜,氏曰(yue)有吕”。贾(jia)逵(kui)云(yun):“共(gong),共(gong)工也。从孙,同姓未嗣之(zhi)(zhi)孙。四(si)岳官名(ming)大岳也,主四(si)岳之(zhi)(zhi)祭焉(yan)。”然(ran)则以(yi)其(qi)主岳之(zhi)(zhi)祀,尊之(zhi)(zhi)故称(cheng)大也。
山(shan)岳(yue)则配(pei)天。物(wu)莫(mo)能(neng)两大。陈(chen)衰,此其(qi)昌乎!”变而象艮,故(gu)知当兴(xing)於(wu)大岳(yue)之(zhi)后(hou)。得(de)大岳(yue)之(zhi)权,则有(you)配(pei)天之(zhi)大功,故(gu)知陈(chen)必(bi)衰。
[疏]注“变而”至“必衰”。
○正义曰:六四(si)爻变为九四(si),与二共为艮象,艮为山(shan)(shan)(shan),故(gu)知(zhi)兴(xing)於山(shan)(shan)(shan)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)。姜(jiang)姓,大(da)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)后,知(zhi)其(qi)将育于姜(jiang)。地之(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)者(zhe),莫过於山(shan)(shan)(shan),《诗》云“崧(song)高(gao)虽(sui)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),骏极(ji)于天(tian)(tian)”,言其(qi)大(da)能至天(tian)(tian),故(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)则(ze)配(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian)也。且(qie)乾在上艮在下,亦是山(shan)(shan)(shan)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)配(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)象。此人子孙养於大(da)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)后,官尊位贵,得大(da)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)权,则(ze)其(qi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)德有(you)配(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)。然天(tian)(tian)子其(qi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)配(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian),今纵(zong)得大(da)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)权,唯诸(zhu)侯耳,言配(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian)者(zhe),以其(qi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da),故(gu)甚言之(zhi)(zhi)。物莫能两大(da),此有(you)兴(xing)兆,故(gu)名陈必衰也。
及陈(chen)(chen)(chen)之初亡也,昭八年,楚灭陈(chen)(chen)(chen)。陈(chen)(chen)(chen)桓子始大於(wu)齐;桓子,敬(jing)仲五世孙陈(chen)(chen)(chen)无宇。
[疏]注“桓子”至“无宇”。
○正义曰:《史记(ji)·田完(wan)(wan)世家》:完(wan)(wan)卒,谥为(wei)敬仲(zhong)。仲(zhong)生(sheng)穉孟(meng)夷(yi),夷(yi)生(sheng)湣孟(meng)庄(zhuang),庄(zhuang)生(sheng)文子(zi)(zi)须无,文子(zi)(zi)生(sheng)桓子(zi)(zi)无宇,是为(wei)敬仲(zhong)五世孙(sun)也。
其后亡也,哀十七年,楚复灭陈。
○复,扶又反。成子得政。成子,陈常也,敬仲八世孙。陈完有礼於齐,子孙世不忘德,德协於卜,故传备言其终始。卜筮者,圣人所以定犹豫,决疑似,因生义教者也。《尚书·洪范》通龟筮以同卿士之数。南蒯卜乱而遇元吉,惠伯答以忠信则可。臧会卜僣,遂获其应。丘明故举诸县验於行事者,以示来世,而君子志其善者、远者。他皆放此。
○豫音预(yu),本亦作预(yu)。蒯,居怪反。僣,子念(nian)反。应,应对之应。县音玄。
[疏]注“成子”至“放此”。
○正义(yi)(yi)曰:沈氏云(yun):“《世(shi)(shi)(shi)家》:‘桓子(zi)(zi)(zi)生武(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)启及僖子(zi)(zi)(zi)乞。乞卒,子(zi)(zi)(zi)常代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)为(wei)田(tian)(tian)成(cheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。’是(shi)於(wu)(wu)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)仲为(wei)七世(shi)(shi)(shi),言八世(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)代在(zai)位为(wei)八世(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”成(cheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弑简(jian)公,专(zhuan)齐政,是(shi)莫(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与大(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。成(cheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)生襄子(zi)(zi)(zi)磐(pan),磐(pan)生庄子(zi)(zi)(zi)白,白生大(da)公和(he),和(he)迁齐康公於(wu)(wu)海上(shang),和(he)立(li)为(wei)齐侯。和(he)孙威王称王,四世(shi)(shi)(shi)而秦(qin)灭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。作传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),完之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙巳盛,故(gu)(gu)(gu)传备言其(qi)(qi)(qi)终始也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《世(shi)(shi)(shi)家》云(yun)“敬(jing)(jing)(jing)仲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如齐,以(yi)(yi)陈字为(wei)田(tian)(tian)氏”,《左(zuo)传》终始称陈,田(tian)(tian)必非敬(jing)(jing)(jing)仲所(suo)改,未知何时(shi)改耳。《左(zuo)传》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初,至此始有卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)杜於(wu)(wu)此通说(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《曲(qu)礼》曰:“卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),先圣(sheng)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)使民决(jue)嫌疑(yi),定犹(you)与也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)先王立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。因(yin)而生义(yi)(yi)教,谓(wei)(wei)教人(ren)以(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)义(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)善,则德协於(wu)(wu)卜(bu);行(xing)(xing)恶则遇吉(ji)(ji)(ji)反凶(xiong),必以(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)义(yi)(yi)乃(nai)可卜(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《洪(hong)范》曰:“汝则有大(da)疑(yi),谋(mou)(mou)(mou)及乃(nai)心,谋(mou)(mou)(mou)及卿(qing)士,谋(mou)(mou)(mou)及庶人(ren),谋(mou)(mou)(mou)及卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”谋(mou)(mou)(mou)及卿(qing)士而以(yi)(yi)卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)通龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)同(tong)卿(qing)士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。南(nan)(nan)蒯(kuai)卜(bu)为(wei)乱,不信(xin)则不可;臧会(hui)卜(bu)为(wei)僣,不信(xin)乃(nai)遂吉(ji)(ji)(ji),二(er)事(shi)相(xiang)反,故(gu)(gu)(gu)特(te)引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),言卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)应人(ren)行(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。南(nan)(nan)蒯(kuai)在(zai)昭(zhao)十(shi)(shi)二(er)年,臧会(hui)在(zai)昭(zhao)二(er)十(shi)(shi)五年。南(nan)(nan)蒯(kuai)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而言卜(bu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通言耳。杜引(yin)(yin)《洪(hong)范》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)明(ming)龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)未必神(shen)灵,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)以(yi)(yi)同(tong)卿(qing)士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu),言龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)见,才与卿(qing)士同(tong)耳。又引(yin)(yin)南(nan)(nan)蒯(kuai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),明(ming)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)凶(xiong)由行(xing)(xing),不由卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),欲(yu)使人(ren)脩(xiu)(xiu)德行(xing)(xing)不可纯信(xin)卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又引(yin)(yin)臧会(hui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),吉(ji)(ji)(ji)凶(xiong)亦(yi)由卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),不可专(zhuan)在(zai)於(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing),欲(yu)使人(ren)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)丘明(ming)举(ju)县验(yan)(yan)於(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)事(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)示(shi)来世(shi)(shi)(shi)脩(xiu)(xiu)德行(xing)(xing),敬(jing)(jing)(jing)龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。言验(yan)(yan)於(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)事(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),南(nan)(nan)蒯(kuai)则行(xing)(xing)验(yan)(yan)而龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不验(yan)(yan),臧会(hui)则行(xing)(xing)不验(yan)(yan)而龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)验(yan)(yan)。言君子(zi)(zi)(zi)志其(qi)(qi)(qi)善者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)远者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),善者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)劝(quan)人(ren)脩(xiu)(xiu)德行(xing)(xing)、敬(jing)(jing)(jing)龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);远者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)举(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)纲(gang),劝(quan)人(ren)为(wei)善,长久远道,非有临(lin)时(shi)应验(yan)(yan)。此远者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)即上(shang)善者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),指其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善,指其(qi)(qi)(qi)教谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)远。刘炫云(yun):“计春秋(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)矣,丘明(ming)所(suo)载唯二(er)十(shi)(shi)许(xu)事(shi),举(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)县验(yan)(yan)於(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)事(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)不验(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”君子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),当(dang)记其(qi)(qi)(qi)忠(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)远者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),他皆(jie)放此。