卷八(ba) 庄元年(nian)(nian),尽十年(nian)(nian)
◎庄公
○陆曰:“庄公,名同,桓公子,母文(wen)姜。”谥法:“胜敌克乱曰庄。”
[疏]正义曰:《鲁世家》云:“庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)名同(tong),桓公(gong)之子(zi),文姜(jiang)所(suo)生,即(ji)桓六年‘子(zi)同(tong)生’者也。以庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)王四年即(ji)位。谥法:胜(sheng)敌(di)克壮(zhuang)曰庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。”是岁(sui),岁(sui)在鹑火(huo)。
【经】元年,春,王正月。
三月,夫人孙于齐。夫人,庄公母也。鲁人责之,故出奔,内讳奔,谓之孙,犹孙让而去。
○逊(xun),本(ben)亦作孙,音同,注及(ji)传同。
[疏]“元年春王正月”。
○正义曰:此月无事,而空书月者,庄虽不即君位,而亦改元朝庙,与民更始。史书其事,见此月公宜即位,而父弑母出,不忍即位,故空书其文。闵、僖亦然。
○注“夫人庄公母”至“而去”。
○正义曰:夫人孙(sun)(sun)意,传文不(bu)明,故云鲁人责之(zhi)(zhi)。盖责其诉(su)公於(wu)齐侯,而(er)(er)使(shi)公见杀,故惭(can)惧而(er)(er)出奔也。《公羊传》曰:“孙(sun)(sun)者何?孙(sun)(sun)犹(you)孙(sun)(sun)也。内讳奔,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun)(sun)。”《穀梁传》曰:“孙(sun)(sun)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)言犹(you)孙(sun)(sun)也,讳奔也。”杜(du)用彼(bi)为(wei)说(shuo)。昔帝尧孙(sun)(sun)位(wei)以让虞舜,故假彼(bi)美事而(er)(er)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)名,犹(you)孙(sun)(sun)让而(er)(er)去(qu)。《释(shi)例》曰:“使(shi)若不(bu)为(wei)臣子所逐,自孙(sun)(sun)位(wei)而(er)(er)去(qu)者。”
夏,单伯送王姬。无传。单伯,天子卿也。单,采地;伯,爵也。王将嫁女於齐,既命鲁为主,故单伯送女,不称使也。王姬不称字,以王为尊,且别於内女也。天子嫁女於诸侯,使同姓诸侯主之,不亲昏,尊卑不敌。
○单,音(yin)善(shan)。采,七代反。别,彼列反。
[疏]注“单伯”至“不敌”。
○正(zheng)义曰:检经(jing)上(shang)下公(gong)卿(qing)书(shu)爵(jue)(jue),大夫(fu)书(shu)字。单伯书(shu)爵(jue)(jue),故为(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。单者,天子(zi)畿内(nei)地(di)(di)名,人君赐臣以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邑,令采(cai)取赋税,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)地(di)(di)。《礼运》曰:“诸(zhu)侯(hou)有国(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)处其(qi)子(zi)孙(sun)(sun),大夫(fu)有采(cai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)处其(qi)子(zi)孙(sun)(sun)。”是谓(wei)食邑为(wei)(wei)(wei)采(cai)地(di)(di)。单氏(shi)世仕王(wang)朝,此及(ji)文公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世皆(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)单伯,成公(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下常称单子(zi),知伯、子(zi)皆(jie)(jie)爵(jue)(jue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此时(shi)称伯,后(hou)降为(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)耳。又解不(bu)(bu)(bu)称王(wang)使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,王(wang)於(wu)(wu)时(shi)将(jiang)遣鲁主(zhu)(zhu)昏,必先(xian)有命,岂得未尝(chang)命鲁,径送(song)女(nv)来(lai),故知王(wang)巳命鲁为(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),鲁巳承受王(wang)命,单伯送(song)女(nv)付鲁而已,不(bu)(bu)(bu)复重宣王(wang)命,故不(bu)(bu)(bu)称使(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。十一(yi)年(nian)王(wang)姬不(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)王(wang)使(shi)(shi)送(song)者,为(wei)(wei)(wei)送(song)者微也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)姬系王(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)称女(nv)字,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)尊,故系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)王(wang),且(qie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)别於(wu)(wu)内(nei)女(nv)。内(nei)女(nv)则以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)字配姓(xing),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯姬是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《公(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰:“使(shi)(shi)我主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曷为(wei)(wei)(wei)使(shi)(shi)我主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?天子(zi)嫁(jia)(jia)女(nv)于诸(zhu)侯(hou),必使(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)同姓(xing)者主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);诸(zhu)侯(hou)嫁(jia)(jia)女(nv)于大夫(fu),必使(shi)(shi)大夫(fu)同姓(xing)者主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然(ran)者,昏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行礼,必宾主(zhu)(zhu)相敌(di)。天子(zi)於(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)侯(hou),诸(zhu)侯(hou)於(wu)(wu)大夫(fu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)亲昏者,尊卑不(bu)(bu)(bu)敌(di)故也(ye)(ye)(ye)。二(er)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),虽(sui)王(wang)使(shi)(shi)宾客,示(shi)崇先(xian)代而已,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得即与(yu)王(wang)敌(di)。嫁(jia)(jia)於(wu)(wu)二(er)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),亦使(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。秦汉以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来(lai),使(shi)(shi)三公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)呼为(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)。
秋,筑王姬之馆于外。公在谅闇,虑齐侯当亲迎,不忍便以礼接於庙,又不敢逆王命,故筑舍於外。
○谅,音梁,又音亮。迎,鱼(yu)敬反。
[疏]注“公在”至“於外”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):《穀梁传(chuan)》曰(yue):“筑之(zhi)外(wai)(wai),变(bian)之(zhi)正也(ye)(ye)。仇(chou)雠之(zhi)人,非所以(yi)(yi)接(jie)(jie)昏姻(yin)也(ye)(ye)。衰(shuai)麻,非所以(yi)(yi)接(jie)(jie)弁冕也(ye)(ye)。”其(qi)意言(yan)公与(yu)齐(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)雠,又身有重(zhong)服,不(bu)得(de)与(yu)齐(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)礼,故筑于外(wai)(wai)也(ye)(ye)。左氏先儒亦用此(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)说。杜(du)(du)(du)案传(chuan)文称(cheng)“请(qing)以(yi)(yi)彭生(sheng)除(chu)之(zhi)”,齐(qi)(qi)人虽为(wei)(wei)(wei)杀(sha)彭生(sheng),心实(shi)雠齐(qi)(qi),但不(bu)敢(gan)逆王(wang)命,故以(yi)(yi)谅(liang)闇为(wei)(wei)(wei)辞,故筑馆于外(wai)(wai)。杜(du)(du)(du)谓诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)丧(sang),既葬,则(ze)衰(shuai)麻除(chu)矣,不(bu)得(de)以(yi)(yi)丧(sang)服为(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。若雠不(bu)除(chu),服未(wei)释,则(ze)诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)国同(tong)姓(xing)多(duo)矣,天王(wang)不(bu)应强使(shi)鲁(lu)侯(hou)(hou)冒斩衰(shuai)接(jie)(jie)父(fu)雠,与(yu)之(zhi)行吉礼也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)此(ci)益(yi)明杜(du)(du)(du)谅(liang)闇之(zhi)言(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)得(de)其(qi)实(shi),徒以(yi)(yi)昏姻(yin)吉礼行事在庙(miao)(miao),公在谅(liang)闇之(zhi)内,虑齐(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)当来亲迎,不(bu)可(ke)便以(yi)(yi)全(quan)吉之(zhi)礼接(jie)(jie)宾於庙(miao)(miao)。又雠除(chu)服释,不(bu)敢(gan)逆王(wang)命辞主昏,故筑舍於外(wai)(wai),使(shi)齐(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)从(cong)外(wai)(wai)迎之(zhi)。
冬,十(shi)月,乙亥,陈侯林卒。无传。未同盟而赴以名。
王使荣叔来锡桓公命。无传。荣叔,周大夫。荣,氏;叔,字。锡,赐也。追命桓公,褒称其德,若昭七年王追命卫襄之比。
○比,必利反。
[疏]注“荣叔”至“之比”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):《公羊(yang)传》曰(yue):“锡(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)何?赐(ci)也(ye)(ye)。命(ming)者(zhe)何?加我服也(ye)(ye)。”又《诗·唐风·无(wu)衣》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇,晋人为其(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)请命(ming)於天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi),以(yi)无(wu)衣为辞,则(ze)王(wang)(wang)(wang)锡(xi)(xi)(xi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),当有(you)(you)服也(ye)(ye)。传称王(wang)(wang)(wang)赐(ci)晋惠公命(ming)受玉惰,则(ze)王(wang)(wang)(wang)赐(ci)又有(you)(you)玉也(ye)(ye)。但赐(ci)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)以(yi)玉者(zhe),欲(yu)使(shi)执而(er)朝觐,所以(yi)合(he)瑞。今(jin)追(zhui)命(ming)桓公,若追(zhui)命(ming)卫襄(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi),止(zhi)应褒称其(qi)(qi)(qi)德,赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策书,或(huo)(huo)当有(you)(you)服以(yi)表(biao)尊卑,不复合(he)瑞,未必有(you)(you)玉也(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰(yue):“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)锡(xi)(xi)(xi)命(ming),其(qi)(qi)(qi)详未闻,诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)或(huo)(huo)即位而(er)见(jian)锡(xi)(xi)(xi),或(huo)(huo)历年乃加锡(xi)(xi)(xi)。或(huo)(huo)巳(si)薨(hong)而(er)追(zhui)锡(xi)(xi)(xi)。鲁(lu)(lu)桓薨(hong)后见(jian)锡(xi)(xi)(xi),则(ze)亦卫襄(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)也(ye)(ye)。鲁(lu)(lu)文即位见(jian)锡(xi)(xi)(xi),则(ze)亦晋惠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)也(ye)(ye)。鲁(lu)(lu)成八年、齐灵二十三年乃见(jian)锡(xi)(xi)(xi),随(sui)恩所加,得(de)失存乎其(qi)(qi)(qi)事。”言存乎其(qi)(qi)(qi)事者(zhe),观(guan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)锡(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)早晚(wan),知(zhi)恩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚薄,观(guan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善恶,知(zhi)事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)失。故传不复显言其(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)非(fei)(fei)也(ye)(ye)。杜於追(zhui)命(ming)卫襄(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,注云“命(ming)如今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哀(ai)(ai)(ai)策”。魏晋以(yi)来(lai),唯(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)崩(beng)乃有(you)(you)哀(ai)(ai)(ai)策,将(jiang)葬,於是(shi)遣奠读之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),陈大(da)行功德,叙(xu)臣子(zi)哀(ai)(ai)(ai)情,非(fei)(fei)此类也(ye)(ye)。人臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧不作哀(ai)(ai)(ai)策,良臣既卒,或(huo)(huo)赠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)官,褒德叙(xu)哀(ai)(ai)(ai),载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於策,将(jiang)葬,赐(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)家以(yi)告柩,“如今(jin)哀(ai)(ai)(ai)策”盖此谓也(ye)(ye)。
王姬归于齐。无传。不(bu)书逆,公(gong)不(bu)与接。
[疏]注“不书逆,公不与接”。
○正(zheng)义曰:成九年伯(bo)(bo)姬归于(yu)宋(song)(song),杜云“宋(song)(song)不(bu)(bu)(bu)使卿逆(ni),非(fei)礼”。以(yi)(yi)逆(ni)者(zhe)非(fei)卿,故不(bu)(bu)(bu)书。此(ci)(ci)云公不(bu)(bu)(bu)与接(jie)者(zhe),杜意以(yi)(yi)公不(bu)(bu)(bu)与接(jie),虽(sui)卿亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书也(ye)(ye)。所与知(zhi)者(zhe),十一(yi)年齐侯(hou)来(lai)逆(ni)共姬,而(er)经不(bu)(bu)(bu)书故也(ye)(ye)。又嫁伯(bo)(bo)姬于(yu)宋(song)(song),鲁(lu)与宋(song)(song)无故,此(ci)(ci)时有故,知(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)与接(jie)也(ye)(ye)。《春(chun)秋》之(zhi)例,送女不(bu)(bu)(bu)书者(zhe),取受我(wo)而(er)厚之(zhi),此(ci)(ci)单伯(bo)(bo)书者(zhe),为逆(ni)至於(wu)鲁(lu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)至於(wu)齐故也(ye)(ye)。
齐师迁纪郱、鄑、郚。无传。齐欲灭纪,故徙其三邑之民而取其地。郱在东莞临朐县东南。郚在朱虚县东南。北海都昌县西有訾城。
○郱,蒲丁反(fan)。鄑,子斯反(fan)。郚音吾。朐(qu),其俱(ju)反(fan)。訾,子斯反(fan)。
[疏]注“齐欲”至“訾城”。
○正义曰(yue):齐人(ren)(ren)迁(qian)此三(san)(san)邑,非(fei)三(san)(san)邑之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)自(zi)迁(qian)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)知齐欲灭纪,故(gu)(gu)徙(xi)其(qi)三(san)(san)邑之(zhi)民而(er)取其(qi)地(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)。苏氏云,直取其(qi)地(di)(di),不(bu)(bu)取其(qi)民,故(gu)(gu)云迁(qian),不(bu)(bu)云取。不(bu)(bu)言(yan)所往之(zhi)处者,志在去(qu)之(zhi)而(er)已(yi),非(fei)欲安(an)存其(qi)人(ren)(ren),故(gu)(gu)与宋人(ren)(ren)迁(qian)宿(su)文同。其(qi)又异於邢(xing)迁(qian)也(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰(yue):“邢(xing)迁(qian)于夷(yi)仪(yi),则以自(zi)迁(qian)为文。宋人(ren)(ren)迁(qian)宿(su),齐人(ren)(ren)迁(qian)阳,则以宋、齐为文,各从彼此所迁(qian)之(zhi)实,记(ji)注之(zhi)常辞,亦非(fei)例也(ye)(ye)。”郱在东莞言(yan)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),郚在朱虚(xu)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)者,《释例·土地(di)(di)名》“朱虚(xu)亦属东莞”,使(shi)之(zhi)蒙上郡(jun)(jun)(jun)。
【传】“元年,春”,不称即位,(文姜出故也。文姜与桓俱行,而桓为齐所杀,故不敢还。庄公父弑母出,故不忍行即位之礼。据文姜未还,故传称文姜出也。姜於是感公意而还,不书,不告庙。
○父杀,音(yin)试,一(yi)音(yin)如(ru)字(zi)。)
[疏]注“文姜”至“告庙”。
○正义曰(yue):不(bu)(bu)称即(ji)位为文,姜(jiang)出(chu)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。则(ze)即(ji)位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,文姜(jiang)未(wei)还,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)庄公以(yi)(yi)父弑母(mu)出(chu)不(bu)(bu)忍行其(qi)即(ji)位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)。经(jing)(jing)书(shu)(shu)“三(san)月(yue)(yue),夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)孙(sun)(sun)于齐(qi)(qi)(qi)”,则(ze)是(shi)(shi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)来(lai)而复(fu)(fu)去,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)文姜(jiang)於(wu)是(shi)(shi)感公意(yi)而还也(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)月(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)来(lai),经(jing)(jing)、传(chuan)皆无夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)还事(shi),故(gu)(gu)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“还,不(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu),不(bu)(bu)告庙”。《释例》曰(yue):“文姜(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身,终始(shi)(shi)七如(ru)(ru)(ru)齐(qi)(qi)(qi),再如(ru)(ru)(ru)莒,皆以(yi)(yi)淫(yin)行,书(shu)(shu)行而不(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)反(fan),则(ze)元年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)还,亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)告庙,推此(ci)可知(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《公羊传(chuan)》曰(yue):“夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)固在齐(qi)(qi)(qi)矣,其(qi)言(yan)孙(sun)(sun)于齐(qi)(qi)(qi)何(he)(he)?念母(mu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。正月(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)存君,念母(mu)以(yi)(yi)首(shou)事(shi)。”《穀梁传(chuan)》曰(yue):“接练(lian)时,录母(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变,始(shi)(shi)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”其(qi)意(yi)言(yan)文姜(jiang)往年(nian)(nian)如(ru)(ru)(ru)齐(qi)(qi)(qi),至(zhi)此(ci)年(nian)(nian)三(san)月(yue)(yue)犹(you)尚不(bu)(bu)反(fan),三(san)月(yue)(yue)练(lian)祭念及(ji)其(qi)母(mu),乃书(shu)(shu)其(qi)出(chu)奔(ben),非三(san)月(yue)(yue)始(shi)(shi)从(cong)鲁(lu)去也(ye)(ye)(ye)。左氏先儒皆用此(ci)说。杜不(bu)(bu)然者,史之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所书(shu)(shu),据(ju)实而录,未(wei)有虚书(shu)(shu)其(qi)事(shi)者也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)若遂(sui)不(bu)(bu)还,则(ze)孙(sun)(sun)巳久矣,何(he)(he)故(gu)(gu)至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)三(san)月(yue)(yue)始(shi)(shi)言(yan)孙(sun)(sun)于齐(qi)(qi)(qi)乎!公若念及(ji)於(wu)母(mu),自(zi)可迎使来(lai)归(gui),何(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)反(fan)书(shu)(shu)其(qi)孙(sun)(sun)?岂庄公召命史官使书(shu)(shu)其(qi)母(mu)孙(sun)(sun)乎!又《礼》三(san)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧,期月(yue)(yue)而练(lian)。桓公以(yi)(yi)往年(nian)(nian)四月(yue)(yue)薨,至(zhi)今年(nian)(nian)三(san)月(yue)(yue)未(wei)得一期,何(he)(he)故(gu)(gu)巳得为练(lian),而云(yun)接练(lian)录变存君念母(mu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若以(yi)(yi)经(jing)(jing)无还文,即(ji)言(yan)留齐(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)反(fan),则(ze)自(zi)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)后亦(yi)无还。文二(er)年(nian)(nian)“夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)会齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯于禚”,岂复(fu)(fu)自(zi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)会之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哉?以(yi)(yi)此(ci)知(zhi)(zhi)三(san)月(yue)(yue)始(shi)(shi)从(cong)鲁(lu)去也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
“三月,夫人孙于齐”。不称姜氏,绝,不为亲,礼也。姜氏,齐姓。於文姜之义,宜与齐绝,而复奔齐,故於其奔,去姜氏以示义。
○复,扶又反。去,起吕反。
[疏]注“姜氏”至“示义”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)终始皆称姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi),唯此一文(wen)独异,故(gu)(gu)传(chuan)解其(qi)意(yi)云“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi),绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亲”。言(yan)(yan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,宜(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亲也(ye)(ye)。姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姓(xing)也(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)(li)》“妇人在家则(ze)天父,出嫁则(ze)天夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)斩衰三年,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兄(xiong)(xiong)大功九月(yue)”。今兄(xiong)(xiong)杀(sha)(sha)已夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义宜(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)意(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)而(er)复(fu)(fu)奔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)奔也(ye)(ye)特去姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)。去姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),若言(yan)(yan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)女(nv),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)姓(xing)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)示(shi)应绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。应绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)刺文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)言(yan)(yan)“礼(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)兄(xiong)(xiong)礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)。《公(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人何以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)?贬。曷为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)贬?与(yu)(yu)弑(shi)公(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)与(yu)(yu)弑(shi)公(gong)(gong)奈何?夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人谮公(gong)(gong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯:公(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue),同非吾(wu)子(zi)(zi),齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)。齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯怒(nu),使(shi)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)彭(peng)生(sheng)胁(xie)幹(gan)而(er)杀(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”《穀梁传(chuan)》亦云:“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)氏(shi)姓(xing),贬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。”《左氏(shi)》先儒(ru)取二传(chuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)说,言(yan)(yan)传(chuan)称“绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亲,礼(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)”,谓(wei)庄公(gong)(gong)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)母(mu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亲。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)父绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)母(mu),得礼(li)(li),尊父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)“礼(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)”。杜不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然者(zhe)(zhe),《释例(li)》曰(yue)(yue):“文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)与(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)如齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)淫(yin)(yin)见谪,惧而(er)归诉(su)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)。襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)杀(sha)(sha)公(gong)(gong),而(er)委罪於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)彭(peng)生(sheng)。弑(shi)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋,姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu),疑(yi)惧而(er)自留於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。庄公(gong)(gong)感其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)反,以(yi)(yi)(yi)阙即位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)。故(gu)(gu)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)自齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)还鲁,鲁人探情以(yi)(yi)(yi)责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)复(fu)(fu)出奔。夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)罪不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)弑(shi),於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庄公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,当以(yi)(yi)(yi)母(mu)淫(yin)(yin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)其(qi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亲,内(nei)全母(mu)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,故(gu)(gu)经不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)。传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)‘绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亲,礼(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)’,明绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)。文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)称夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人,明母(mu)义存也(ye)(ye)。哀姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)外淫(yin)(yin),故(gu)(gu)孙称姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi),明义异也(ye)(ye)。”观此解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)宜(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)。《释例(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),言(yan)(yan)庄公(gong)(gong)宜(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)者(zhe)(zhe),夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人犹尚宜(yi)(yi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),庄公(gong)(gong)固宜(yi)(yi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)矣。先儒(ru)谓(wei)庄公(gong)(gong)宜(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)母(mu)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),杜意(yi)庄公(gong)(gong)宜(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),故(gu)(gu)偏据庄公(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)排旧(jiu)说耳。其(qi)实(shi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人及(ji)公(gong)(gong)俱当与(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)也(ye)(ye)。
“秋,筑王姬之馆于外”。为外,礼也。齐彊鲁弱,又委罪於彭生,鲁不能雠齐,然丧制未阕,故异其礼,得礼之变。
○未阕,苦穴(xue)反。
[疏]注“齐彊”至“之变”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue):传不(bu)(bu)直言(yan)礼,而云:“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)外(wai)(wai),礼”者,筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是常,未足褒(bao)美,正(zheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)外(wai)(wai),是应变之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼,故(gu)解其(qi)意。齐(qi)(qi)彊鲁弱,又委罪(zui)彭生,鲁既不(bu)(bu)能雠齐(qi)(qi),虽内(nei)实深雠,外(wai)(wai)若无怨。既不(bu)(bu)敢辞王(wang)命,又不(bu)(bu)欲见(jian)齐(qi)(qi)侯。因(yin)其(qi)丧制未阕,故(gu)异其(qi)礼,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai),是其(qi)得礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乐息为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阕,则(ze)“阕”训(xun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“息”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。未阕,言(yan)其(qi)未止(zhi)息也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)姬(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馆(guan),必筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,《公羊传》曰(yue)(yue):“主(zhu)王(wang)姬(ji)者,必为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),於(wu)(wu)路寝(qin)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)可,小寝(qin)则(ze)嫌,群(qun)公子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舍则(ze)以(yi)卑(bei)矣,其(qi)道必为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)者也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《穀梁传》曰(yue)(yue):“於(wu)(wu)庙则(ze)巳尊,於(wu)(wu)寝(qin)则(ze)巳卑(bei),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),节矣。”郑《箴膏肓》云:“宫庙朝廷各有(you)定处,无所馆(guan)天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女,故(gu)宜筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)宫外(wai)(wai)。”是言(yan)须(xu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但杜(du)意若其(qi)内(nei)不(bu)(bu)恨齐(qi)(qi),非有(you)丧制,不(bu)(bu)须(xu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)於(wu)(wu)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)耳(er)。此(ci)言(yan)外(wai)(wai)者,谓城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)说《公羊》、《穀梁》者,亦以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城外(wai)(wai)。然(ran)王(wang)姬(ji)来嫁,必须(xu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)馆(guan),所以(yi)十一年王(wang)姬(ji)不(bu)(bu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)馆(guan)者,或因(yin)其(qi)旧馆(guan),或筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)而不(bu)(bu)书也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
【经】二(er)年,春,王二(er)月,葬陈(chen)庄公。(无传。鲁往会之(zhi),故书。例(li)在昭(zhao)六年。)
夏,公(gong)子庆(qing)父帅师(shi)伐於(wu)馀丘。无传。於(wu)馀丘,国名也。庄公(gong)时年(nian)十五,则庆(qing)父,庄公(gong)庶(shu)兄。
[疏]二年注“於馀”至“庶兄”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue):《公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》、《穀梁》皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)馀(yu)丘(qiu)为(wei)邾之(zhi)(zhi)别邑,左(zuo)(zuo)氏(shi)无传(chuan)(chuan),正(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)秋上下,未(wei)有(you)伐(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)邑而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)系国者(zhe),此无所系,故(gu)(gu)知是(shi)(shi)(shi)国。《释(shi)例(li)》注阙,不(bu)(bu)知其(qi)(qi)处,盖(gai)(gai)(gai)近鲁(lu)小国也(ye)(ye)。庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)时(shi)年十五(wu)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)桓(huan)六年生(sheng),至(zhi)此二(er)年为(wei)十五(wu)。庄二(er)十七年《公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue):“公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)庆父(fu)(fu)(fu)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)牙(ya)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)友,皆庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)弟也(ye)(ye)。”《左(zuo)(zuo)氏(shi)》先(xian)儒用此为(wei)说,杜(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)然(ran),故(gu)(gu)明之(zhi)(zhi)。《释(shi)例(li)》曰(yue):“经(jing)(jing)书(shu)‘公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)庆父(fu)(fu)(fu)伐(fa)於(wu)(wu)馀(yu)丘(qiu)’。而(er)(er)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)母(mu)弟,计其(qi)(qi)年岁,既(ji)未(wei)能统军,又无晋悼、王孙(sun)(sun)(sun)满幼(you)知之(zhi)(zhi)文,此盖(gai)(gai)(gai)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》之(zhi)(zhi)妄,而(er)(er)先(xian)儒曾(ceng)不(bu)(bu)觉悟,取以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)《左(zuo)(zuo)氏(shi)》义(yi)。”今(jin)推(tui)(tui)案传(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)上下,羽父(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)弑(shi)隐公(gong)(gong)(gong),皆谘(zi)谋於(wu)(wu)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong),则(ze)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)巳(si)成人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue):“生(sheng)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong),而(er)(er)惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)薨(hong)。”指明仲子(zi)(zi)唯(wei)有(you)此男,非谓生(sheng)在薨(hong)年也(ye)(ye)。桓(huan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)成人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)(er)弑(shi)隐即(ji)位,乃娶於(wu)(wu)齐(qi),自(zi)(zi)应有(you)长庶(shu),故(gu)(gu)氏(shi)曰(yue)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),此明证也(ye)(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)疾(ji),问后於(wu)(wu)叔牙(ya),牙(ya)称(cheng)(cheng)庆父(fu)(fu)(fu)材,疑同母(mu)也(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)季友,文姜之(zhi)(zhi)爱子(zi)(zi),与公(gong)(gong)(gong)同生(sheng),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)死奉般(ban),情义(yi)相推(tui)(tui),考之(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)(zuo)氏(shi),有(you)若符(fu)契,是(shi)(shi)(shi)杜(du)明其(qi)(qi)异母(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)。氏(shi)曰(yue)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)氏(shi),传(chuan)(chuan)文实(shi)然(ran),而(er)(er)经(jing)(jing)称(cheng)(cheng)仲孙(sun)(sun)(sun),杜(du)无明释(shi)。八年传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)仲庆父(fu)(fu)(fu),其(qi)(qi)举(ju)谥称(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)谓之(zhi)(zhi)共(gong)仲,盖(gai)(gai)(gai)庆父(fu)(fu)(fu)虽为(wei)庶(shu)长,而(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)仲为(wei)字(zi),其(qi)(qi)后子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)为(wei)氏(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)经(jing)(jing)书(shu)仲孙(sun)(sun)(sun)。时(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)庶(shu)长称(cheng)(cheng)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),故(gu)(gu)传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun),其(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)谥配字(zi)而(er)(er)谓之(zhi)(zhi)共(gong)仲,犹臧僖(xi)伯、管敬仲之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)也(ye)(ye)。刘炫云(yun),盖(gai)(gai)(gai)庆父(fu)(fu)(fu)自(zi)(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)仲,欲同於(wu)(wu)正(zheng)適,言巳(si)少次(ci)庄公(gong)(gong)(gong),为(wei)三(san)家之(zhi)(zhi)长,故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)伯,而(er)(er)自(zi)(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)仲。《春(chun)秋》之(zhi)(zhi)例(li),皆传(chuan)(chuan)言实(shi)而(er)(er)经(jing)(jing)顺其(qi)(qi)意(yi),经(jing)(jing)称(cheng)(cheng)当时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),书(shu)其(qi)(qi)自(zi)(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)辞,其(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)仲孙(sun)(sun)(sun),不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)书(shu)为(wei)仲。传(chuan)(chuan)序巳(si)適之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),举(ju)其(qi)(qi)时(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)语(yu),时(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)呼为(wei)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)氏(shi),不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)录。《论语(yu)》云(yun)“孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)问孝於(wu)(wu)我”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)时(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)呼云(yun)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)氏(shi)也(ye)(ye)。楚公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)弃(qi)疾(ji)弑(shi)君(jun)取国,改(gai)名为(wei)居,经(jing)(jing)书(shu)楚子(zi)(zi)居卒,是(shi)(shi)(shi)从其(qi)(qi)自(zi)(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)。
秋,七月,齐王姬(ji)卒(zu)。无传。鲁为之主,比之内(nei)女(nv)。
[疏]注“鲁为”至“内女”。
○正义曰:他国夫人之(zhi)(zhi)卒,例皆不书,唯鲁女(nv)为诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)妻书其(qi)卒耳(er)。王(wang)姬非是内(nei)(nei)女(nv),亦书其(qi)卒,为比之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)女(nv)故也。《檀弓》曰:“齐告王(wang)姬之(zhi)(zhi)丧,鲁庄公为之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)功,或曰由鲁嫁(jia),故为之(zhi)(zhi)服姊妹之(zhi)(zhi)服。”是其(qi)比内(nei)(nei)女(nv)也。
冬,十有二月,夫人姜氏会齐侯于禚。夫人行不以礼,故还皆不书,不告庙也。禚,齐地。
○禚,诸若反(fan)。
乙酉,宋公冯卒。无传。再与桓同盟。
○冯,皮冰反。
[疏]注“再与桓同盟也”。
○正义曰:桓十一年盟于折十二年于穀丘,是再也。
【传】二年,冬(dong),“夫人(ren)姜(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)会(hui)齐(qi)侯于禚”。(书,奸也(ye)。文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)前(qian)与公(gong)俱(ju)如(ru)齐(qi),后惧而出(chu)(chu)奔,至此始与齐(qi)好(hao)会(hui)。会(hui)非夫人(ren)之(zhi)事,显然书之(zhi)。传曰“书,奸”,奸在夫人(ren)。文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)比年出(chu)(chu)会(hui),其(qi)义皆同(tong)。)
【经】三年,春,王正月,溺会齐师伐卫。(溺,鲁大夫。疾其专命而行,故去氏。
○溺,乃狄反。去,起吕(lv)反。)
[疏]三年注“溺鲁”至“去氏”。
○正(zheng)义曰:隐四年翚(hui)会(hui)宋公(gong)、陈侯、蔡(cai)人、卫人伐郑。传(chuan)曰:“羽父请(qing)以(yi)师(shi)会(hui)之(zhi),公(gong)弗许,固请(qing)而行。故(gu)书(shu)曰‘翚(hui)帅师(shi)’,疾(ji)之(zhi)也(ye)。”彼不称公(gong)子,传(chuan)言(yan)疾(ji)之(zhi)。今(jin)溺亦(yi)不称公(gong)子,传(chuan)亦(yi)言(yan)疾(ji)之(zhi),知其事(shi)与翚(hui)同,疾(ji)其专(zhuan)命而行,故(gu)去氏(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。公(gong)子非(fei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),贬与氏(shi)(shi)(shi)同,故(gu)言(yan)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。
夏,四月,葬(zang)宋庄公。无传。
五月,葬桓王。
秋,纪季以酅入于齐。季,纪侯弟。酅,纪邑。在齐国东安平县。齐欲灭纪,故季以邑入齐为附庸,先祀不废,社稷有奉,故书字贵之。
○酅,户圭反,本又作携。
[疏]注“季纪”至“贵之”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue):《公羊传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“纪(ji)(ji)季(ji)者何(he)?纪(ji)(ji)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟也(ye)(ye)(ye)。何(he)以不(bu)(bu)(bu)名?贤(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。何(he)贤(xian)乎纪(ji)(ji)季(ji)?请(qing)后五庙(miao)以存姑姊妹。”《穀梁传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“酅(xi),纪(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。入(ru)于(yu)(yu)(yu)齐(qi)者,以酅(xi)事(shi)齐(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”杜取彼(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)说,知(zhi)(zhi)季(ji)是(shi)纪(ji)(ji)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟,以酅(xi)邑(yi)入(ru)齐(qi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)庸(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君,附(fu)属齐(qi)国也(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿,例当书名,善其能(neng)自存立,故(gu)书字(zi)贵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰(yue)(yue):“齐(qi)侯(hou)、郑(zheng)伯诈朝于(yu)(yu)(yu)纪(ji)(ji)侯(hou)以袭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),纪(ji)(ji)人大(da)惧(ju),而谋(mou)难於(wu)鲁,请(qing)王命(ming)以求成(cheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)齐(qi)。公告不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng),齐(qi)遂逼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),迁(qian)其三邑(yi)。国有旦(dan)夕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危,而不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自入(ru)为(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)庸(yong),故(gu)分季(ji)以酅(xi),使(shi)请(qing)事(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)齐(qi)。大(da)去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,季(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)庸(yong)。先(xian)(xian)祀(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)废,社稷(ji)有奉(feng),季(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)书字(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书名,书入(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书叛(pan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。判,分也(ye)(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)始(shi)分,为(wei)(wei)(wei)纪(ji)(ji)侯(hou)大(da)去张本也(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘、贾谓纪(ji)(ji)季(ji)以酅(xi)奔齐(qi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)言叛(pan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)专(zhuan)酅(xi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)(chuan)称‘纪(ji)(ji)侯(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)下齐(qi),以与纪(ji)(ji)季(ji)’,季(ji)非叛(pan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。纪(ji)(ji)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,叔(shu)姬归于(yu)(yu)(yu)酅(xi),明(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)庸(yong)犹得专(zhuan)酅(xi),故(gu)可归也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)杜具说贵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以叔(shu)姬归酅(xi),知(zhi)(zhi)酅(xi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)庸(yong)。附(fu)庸(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君,虽(sui)无爵命(ming),而分地建国,南面之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu),得立宗庙(miao),守祭祀(si)(si)。僖二十(shi)一年传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue):“任、宿、须句(ju)、颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臾(yu),皆(jie)风姓(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。实司(si)大(da)皞与有济之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si)。”《论语》云:“夫颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臾(yu),昔者先(xian)(xian)王以为(wei)(wei)(wei)东蒙主(zhu)。”须句(ju)、颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臾(yu),皆(jie)附(fu)庸(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。得祀(si)(si)所(suo)出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu),主(zhu)其竟内(nei)山川,明(ming)(ming)得祀(si)(si)先(xian)(xian)君、奉(feng)社稷(ji)。
冬,公次于滑。滑,郑地,在陈留襄邑县西北。传例曰:“凡师,过信为次。兵未有所加,所次则书之。既书兵所加,则不书其所次,以事为宜,非虚次。”
○滑,乎(hu)八反,又干八反。
[疏]注“滑郑”至“虚次”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue):此(ci)解(jie)略,而(er)(er)释例(li)详。《释例(li)》曰(yue)(yue):“凡师(shi),一宿为(wei)舍(she)(she),再(zai)宿为(wei)信,过(guo)信为(wei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。此(ci)周公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)典,以(yi)(yi)详录师(shi)出入行(xing)止(zhi)(zhi)迟速,因为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。兵(bing)(bing)(bing)事(shi)尚(shang)速,老(lao)师(shi)费财,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)久(jiu)(jiu)。故(gu)(gu)《春(chun)秋》告命(ming)三日以(yi)(yi)上,必记(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)欠。舍(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)信不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)者,轻(qing)碎,不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)告也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。兵(bing)(bing)(bing)未有(you)所(suo)(suo)加,所(suo)(suo)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)则(ze)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)示迟速。‘公(gong)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)滑’,‘师(shi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)郎(lang)’,是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)所(suo)(suo)加,则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),以(yi)(yi)事(shi)为(wei)宜(yi),非(fei)虚次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。诸(zhu)久(jiu)(jiu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)所(suo)(suo)加,而(er)(er)又(you)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者,义(yi)在取於(wu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。‘遂伐楚(chu),次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)泾(jing)’,‘盟于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)牡(mu)丘(qiu),遂次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)匡’,是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)(suo)记(ji)(ji)或次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在事(shi)前,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在事(shi)后(hou)(hou),事(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)而(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。皆(jie)随事(shi)实,无(wu)义(yi)例(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”杜言(yan)(yan)既(ji)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)所(suo)(suo)加,则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者,或伐或战(zhan),旷日持久(jiu)(jiu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)间(jian)必有(you)二(er)日之(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。既(ji)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)战(zhan)伐,则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。虽次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在事(shi)前,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在事(shi)后(hou)(hou),皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)所(suo)(suo)加,而(er)(er)又(you)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者,义(yi)在取於(wu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。齐(qi)(qi)侯伐楚(chu),楚(chu)疆,齐(qi)(qi)欲缓(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)德,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)速进(jin),而(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)陉(xing)。盟于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)牡(mu)丘(qiu),本(ben)为(wei)救(jiu)(jiu)徐,各使大夫救(jiu)(jiu)徐,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匡以(yi)(yi)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)援(yuan),义(yi)取於(wu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。故(gu)(gu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)所(suo)(suo)加,而(er)(er)又(you)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在事(shi)前,谓(wei)僖元年(nian),齐(qi)(qi)师(shi)、宋师(shi)、曹师(shi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)聂(nie)北(bei),救(jiu)(jiu)邢也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在事(shi)后(hou)(hou),谓(wei)襄二(er)十三年(nian),叔孙(sun)(sun)豹帅师(shi)救(jiu)(jiu)晋,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雍(yong)榆也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。聂(nie)北(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)下,《公(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“曷为(wei)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)言(yan)(yan)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)言(yan)(yan)救(jiu)(jiu)?君(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”雍(yong)榆之(zhi)(zhi)下,《公(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“曷为(wei)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)言(yan)(yan)救(jiu)(jiu),而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)言(yan)(yan)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)?先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通君(jun)(jun)(jun)命(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《左氏》先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)儒取彼为(wei)说,言(yan)(yan)齐(qi)(qi)桓,君(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),进(jin)止(zhi)(zhi)自由,故(gu)(gu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)后(hou)(hou)救(jiu)(jiu)。叔孙(sun)(sun),臣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通君(jun)(jun)(jun)命(ming),故(gu)(gu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)救(jiu)(jiu)后(hou)(hou)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。杜以(yi)(yi)传(chuan)无(wu)此(ci)言(yan)(yan),故(gu)(gu)改正(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)谬,言(yan)(yan)此(ci)二(er)事(shi),或次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)事(shi),或事(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)而(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),皆(jie)随事(shi)实先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)而(er)(er)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi),无(wu)义(yi)例(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)儒又(you)言(yan)(yan)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者,皆(jie)美之(zhi)(zhi)辞。《释例(li)》曰(yue)(yue):“‘叔孙(sun)(sun)救(jiu)(jiu)晋,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雍(yong)榆’,传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue):‘礼(li)’者,善(shan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)宗(zong)助盟主,非(fei)以(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)礼(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。‘齐(qi)(qi)桓次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)聂(nie)北(bei),救(jiu)(jiu)邢’,亦以(yi)(yi)存邢具(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)器用,师(shi)人无(wu)私见(jian)善(shan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)在次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)贾氏皆(jie)即以(yi)(yi)为(wei)善(shan)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)否,自是临时(shi)用兵(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi),非(fei)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)素(su)制(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”言(yan)(yan)非(fei)素(su)制(zhi)(zhi)者,非(fei)礼(li)家制(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)名以(yi)(yi)为(wei)善(shan)号(hao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。沈氏云:“将(jiang)会郑伯,非(fei)军旅而(er)(er)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者,古者君(jun)(jun)(jun)行(xing)师(shi)从(cong)(cong),卿行(xing)旅从(cong)(cong),故(gu)(gu)亦从(cong)(cong)师(shi)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)例(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”
【传】“三年,春,溺会齐师伐卫”。疾之也。(传重明上例。
○重,直用反。)
“夏,五(wu)月(yue),葬桓王”。缓也(ye)。以桓十五(wu)年(nian)三月(yue)崩,七年(nian)乃葬,故曰缓。
“秋,纪季(ji)以酅入于齐”。纪於(wu)是乎始判。判,分也。言分为附庸(yong)始於(wu)此。
“冬,公次于滑”。将会郑伯谋纪故也。郑伯辞以难。厉公在栎故。
○难,乃(nai)旦反。栎音历(li),或音书(shu)灼(zhuo)反。凡师,一宿(su)为(wei)舍(she),再宿(su)为(wei)信(xin),过信(xin)为(wei)次(ci)。为(wei)经书(shu)次(ci)例也(ye)。舍(she)宿(su)不书(shu),轻(qing)也(ye)。言凡师,通(tong)君(jun)臣。
[疏]“传注为经”至“君臣”。
○正义曰:舍者(zhe),军行(xing)一日止(zhi)而(er)舍息也(ye)(ye)。信者(zhe),住经(jing)再宿得相(xiang)信问也(ye)(ye)。《穀(gu)梁传》曰:“次(ci)(ci),止(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。”则次(ci)(ci)亦(yi)止(zhi)舍之名(ming)。过信以(yi)上(shang),虽多日亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)次(ci)(ci),不复别立名(ming)也(ye)(ye)。通君臣(chen)者(zhe),“公次(ci)(ci)于滑”,君也(ye)(ye);“叔孙豹次(ci)(ci)于雍榆(yu)”,臣(chen)也(ye)(ye)。但(dan)是师(shi)行(xing),皆从此例。君将不言帅师(shi),故止(zhi)云“公次(ci)(ci)”,亦(yi)师(shi)次(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)。非师(shi)之次(ci)(ci),则不在此例。《释例》讥贾氏云:“若鲁公次(ci)(ci)乾侯之比,非为(wei)(wei)用(yong)师(shi),不应在例,而(er)复例之,亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)滥(lan)也(ye)(ye)。”
【经】四年,春,王二月,夫人姜氏享齐侯于祝丘。(无传。享,食也,两君相见之礼,非夫人所用,直书以见其失。祝丘,鲁地。
○食音嗣,又如(ru)字(zi),本(ben)或作会。以见,贤遍反。)
[疏]“四年注享食”至“鲁地”。
○正义曰:郑玄《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)》注云:“飨(xiang)谓亨大牢以(yi)饮(yin)宾。”则享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)是(shi)饮(yin)酒大礼(li)(li)(li),与会(hui)(hui)小别。而以(yi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)为会(hui)(hui)者,言(yan)(yan)夫人与齐侯(hou)会(hui)(hui)而设享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)礼(li)(li)(li),故书享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)齐侯(hou)也(ye)。定十年夹谷之(zhi)会(hui)(hui),传称(cheng)“齐侯(hou)将享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)公”,孔丘拒之(zhi),乃(nai)不果享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。是(shi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)者,两君相(xiang)见之(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)。二年《穀梁传》曰:“妇人不言(yan)(yan)会(hui)(hui),言(yan)(yan)会(hui)(hui),非正也(ye)。飨(xiang),甚矣。”是(shi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)非夫人所当用也(ye),礼(li)(li)(li)不合用而夫人用之(zhi),故直书以(yi)见其失也(ye)。定本“享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)会(hui)(hui)”作“享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)食”也(ye)。
三月(yue),纪(ji)伯姬卒。无传。隐二(er)年裂繻所逆者。内(nei)女唯(wei)诸侯夫人(ren)卒葬(zang)皆(jie)书,恩成(cheng)於敌体。
[疏]注“隐二”至“敌体”。
○正义曰(yue):《穀梁传》曰(yue):“外夫(fu)人不卒(zu)(zu)(zu),此(ci)其(qi)言卒(zu)(zu)(zu),何也?吾女也。適(shi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),则尊(zun)同,以吾为之(zhi)(zhi)变(bian)(bian),卒(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)也。”为之(zhi)(zhi)变(bian)(bian)者,为之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)也。礼,诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)绝期,尊(zun)同,则为之(zhi)(zhi)变(bian)(bian)服(fu),服(fu)大功九月(yue),恩成於敌体,故(gu)书其(qi)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)。適(shi)大夫(fu)则略之(zhi)(zhi)。《释例(li)》曰(yue):“内女唯诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)夫(fu)人卒(zu)(zu)(zu)乃书,恩成於敌体。其(qi)非適(shi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),则略之(zhi)(zhi),以服(fu)制相准也。生书其(qi)来,而死不录其(qi)卒(zu)(zu)(zu),从外大夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)比也。”
夏,齐侯、陈侯、郑伯遇于垂。无(wu)传。
纪侯大去(qu)其国。以(yi)国与(yu)季,季奉(feng)社(she)稷,故不(bu)言(yan)灭;不(bu)见迫(po)逐,故不(bu)言(yan)奔(ben)。大去(qu)者,不(bu)反之辞。
[疏]注“以国”至“之辞”。
○正义曰:传称“纪(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)侯(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)下(xia)齐(qi)(qi),以与纪(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)季(ji)(ji)(ji)”,是往年分酅(xi)(xi)(xi)与之(zhi)(zhi),纪(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)国(guo)犹(you)在,今则(ze)(ze)全(quan)以纪(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)与之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)云(yun)以国(guo)与季(ji)(ji)(ji)。《释例》曰:“纪(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)侯(hou)力弱虑穷,自(zi)(zi)以列(lie)国(guo),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍屈(qu)臣於齐(qi)(qi),使季(ji)(ji)(ji)以酅(xi)(xi)(xi)求安,而(er)脱身(shen)外(wai)寓。季(ji)(ji)(ji)果为(wei)附庸,社(she)稷有奉,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)灭(mie)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见迫逐(zhu),故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)奔。大去者,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)反之(zhi)(zhi)辞。盖时史(shi)即实(shi)而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan),仲尼弗改。故(gu)传不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)故(gu)书书曰也(ye)。”是说大去之(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)。灭(mie)人(ren)国(guo)者,皆(jie)毁(hui)其(qi)宗(zong)庙(miao),迁(qian)其(qi)社(she)稷。纪(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)季(ji)(ji)(ji)虽(sui)(sui)降(jiang)为(wei)附庸,得自(zi)(zi)立庙(miao)社(she),而(er)其(qi)国(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)灭(mie)也(ye)。诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)奔,皆(jie)被逐(zhu)而(er)出,此则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见迫逐(zhu),故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)奔。时史(shi)谓之(zhi)(zhi)大去,仲尼以为(wei)得理(li),故(gu)因而(er)用之(zhi)(zhi)。十二(er)年,“叔姬归于(yu)酅(xi)(xi)(xi)”,则(ze)(ze)纪(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)季(ji)(ji)(ji)虽(sui)(sui)全(quan)得纪(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)国(guo),亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)移就纪(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)都,纪(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)庙(miao)、社(she)稷皆(jie)迁(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)於酅(xi)(xi)(xi),承祀如(ru)本,故(gu)为(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)灭(mie)。虽(sui)(sui)云(yun)国(guo)祚不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)灭(mie),其(qi)实(shi)为(wei)齐(qi)(qi)所吞。纪(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)器物财(cai)贿(hui)亦(yi)(yi)应为(wei)齐(qi)(qi)得。成二(er)年传称“纪(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)甗、玉(yu)磬”,目之(zhi)(zhi)以纪(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),得非灭(mie)纪(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所得也(ye)。季(ji)(ji)(ji)既入(ru)臣於齐(qi)(qi),纵(zong)使齐(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)(zi)取(qu),必应以之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)赂,假令季(ji)(ji)(ji)以赂齐(qi)(qi),亦(yi)(yi)是灭(mie)纪(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所得也(ye)。
六月,乙丑,齐(qi)侯(hou)葬(zang)纪伯(bo)姬。无(wu)传。纪季(ji)入酅,为齐(qi)附庸,而纪侯(hou)大去其国,齐(qi)侯(hou)加礼初附,以崇厚义,故摄伯(bo)姬之丧,而以纪国夫人礼葬(zang)之。
[疏]注“纪季”至“葬之”。
○正义曰:纪(ji)侯(hou)(hou)由齐(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)去,则是(shi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)纪(ji)雠(chou),而葬(zang)其夫人,故(gu)解(jie)其意云(yun)云(yun)。虽(sui)为(wei)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)所葬(zang),亦由鲁(lu)往会之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)书。《释例》曰:“纪(ji)侯(hou)(hou)大(da)去其国,令(ling)弟纳邑附齐(qi)(qi)(qi),齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)嘉而愍之(zhi)(zhi),恩(en)及(ji)伯姬。伯姬,鲁(lu)女,故(gu)以来告,大(da)夫会葬(zang),故(gu)书齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)葬(zang)纪(ji)伯姬也。不书谥(shi)(shi)者(zhe),亡国之(zhi)(zhi)妇(fu),夫妻皆降,莫(mo)与之(zhi)(zhi)谥(shi)(shi)。而贾、许、方(fang)以诸侯(hou)(hou)礼说,又(you)失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)也。”
秋,七月。
○冬,公及齐人狩于禚。无传。公越竟与齐微者俱狩,失礼可知。
○狩,于(yu)又反。竟(jing)音(yin)境,本又作境。
【传】四年,春,王正月。楚武王荆尸,授师孑焉,以伐随。(尸,陈也。荆亦楚也,更为楚陈兵之法。扬雄《方言》:“孑者,戟也。”然则楚始於此参用戟为陈。
○孑,吉(ji)热反(fan)。《方(fang)言》云(yun)“楚谓戟为孑”。为陈,直觐反(fan)。)
[疏]注“尸陈”至“为陈”。
○正义曰(yue):“尸(shi)(shi)(shi),陈也(ye)”,《释(shi)诂》文。荆(jing)(jing)(jing)即楚(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧邑,故云荆(jing)(jing)(jing)亦楚(chu)也(ye)。楚(chu)本(ben)小国,地狭民少,虽时(shi)复出师(shi),未自为法(fa)式,今始言“荆(jing)(jing)(jing)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)”,则武王初为此楚(chu)国陈兵(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)“荆(jing)(jing)(jing)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)”,使后人用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。宣十二年传称“荆(jing)(jing)(jing)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)而举”,是遵(zun)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。杨雄(xiong)以(yi)《尔雅·释(shi)诂》今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语作书(shu)拟(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),采异方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《方(fang)言》。《方(fang)言》云“戟(ji)(ji)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孑(jie)(jie)(jie)”,郭璞云“取名(ming)(ming)於钩孑(jie)(jie)(jie)也(ye)”。戟(ji)(ji)是击刺(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing),有(you)上刺(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刃,又有(you)下钩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刃,故以(yi)钩孑(jie)(jie)(jie)为名(ming)(ming)也(ye)。始云“授(shou)师(shi)孑(jie)(jie)(jie)焉(yan)”,是往前(qian)未以(yi)此器授(shou)师(shi),故云“然则楚(chu)始於此参用(yong)(yong)戟(ji)(ji)为陈”。言参用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,参杂用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。陈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所用(yong)(yong),非专用(yong)(yong)戟(ji)(ji)。
将齐,人告夫人邓曼曰:“余心荡。”将授兵于庙,故齐。荡,动散也。
○将齐,侧皆反,注同。邓曼叹曰:“王禄尽矣!盈而荡,天之道也。先君其知之矣,故临武事,将发大命,而荡王心焉。楚为小国,僻陋在夷,至此武王始起其众,僣号称王,陈兵授师,志意盈满,临齐而散,故邓曼以天地鬼神为徵应之符。
○僻,匹亦反。僣,子念反。应,应对之应。若师徒无亏,王薨於行,国之福也。”王薨於行,不死於敌。王遂行,卒於樠木之下。樠木,木名。
○樠(men),朗荡反(fan),又(you)莫(mo)昆反(fan),又(you)武(wu)元反(fan)。
[疏]注“樠木,木名”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:此字(zi)之(zhi)音,或(huo)为曼,或(huo)为朗。若以(yi)为声(sheng),当作“曼”;以(yi)两为声(sheng),当作“朗”。字(zi)体难定,或(huo)两为之(zhi)音。杜直云木名,不知(zhi)木何所似。木有(you)似榆者(zhe),俗(su)呼为朗榆,盖为朗也(ye)?
令尹斗祁、莫敖屈重除道梁溠,营军临随。随人惧,行成。时祕王丧,故为奇兵更开直道。溠水在义阳厥县西,东南人郧水。梁,桥也。随人不意其至,故惧而行成。
○重(zhong),直用反(fan),一音(yin)直容反(fan)。溠,高(gao)贵乡公音(yin)侧嫁反(fan),水名;《字林(lin)》壮加反(fan)。郧音(yin)云,或(huo)作员。
[疏]注“时祕”至“行成”。
○正义(yi)曰:除道(dao),谓(wei)除治新(xin)路,故知更开直道(dao)。梁溠(zha)(zha),为作梁於(wu)溠(zha)(zha),故为桥(qiao)也(ye)。《释例(li)》曰:“义(yi)阳厥县西有(you)漈(ji)水,源(yuan)出县北,从县西东南至(zhi)随县入郧水。”杜以(yi)漈(ji)解溠(zha)(zha),盖声相近(jin)而字转耳。
莫敖以王命入盟随侯,且请为会於汉汭而还。汭,内也,谓汉西。
○汭(rui),如锐反,水曲曰汭(rui)。济汉(han)而后发丧。
[疏]“且请”至(zhi)“发丧”。正义曰:莫敖(ao)既与随侯(hou)(hou)盟,且又请随侯(hou)(hou)与楚为会礼(li)於汉水之(zhi)汭,而我还楚也。随侯(hou)(hou)畏楚,遂从莫敖(ao)为会礼(li)。会讫,随侯(hou)(hou)因(yin)济(ji)汉还国,而后(hou)发王丧也。
纪侯不能下齐,以与纪季。不能降屈事齐,尽以国与季,明季不叛。
○下,遐嫁反。夏,纪侯大去其国,违齐难也。违,辟也。
○难(nan),乃(nai)旦反。
【经(jing)】五年,春(chun),王正(zheng)月。
夏,夫(fu)人姜(jiang)氏(shi)如齐师(shi)。无传,书(shu)奸。
[疏]“五年夫人”至“齐师”。
○正义曰(yue):於时齐(qi)无征(zheng)伐之(zhi)事,不知师(shi)在何处。盖(gai)齐(qi)侯(hou)疆(jiang)理(li)纪地,有师(shi)在纪。杜云“书奸(jian)”,奸(jian)发夫(fu)人,当向纪地从之(zhi)。不言会(hui)者,往其军内就齐(qi)侯(hou)耳(er),不行会(hui)礼。
秋,郳犁来来朝。附庸国也。东海昌虑县东北有郳城。犁来,名。
○郳,五兮反,国名,后为小邾。犁,力(li)兮反。虑,如(ru)字,又力(li)於反。
冬,公(gong)会齐人、宋人、陈人、蔡人伐卫。
【传】五年,“秋,郳犁来来朝”。名,未王命也。(未受爵命为诸侯,传发附庸称名例也。其后数从齐桓以尊周室,王命以为小邾子。
○数音朔。)
[疏]注“未受”至“邾子”。
○正义曰:郳(ni)(ni)者,附(fu)庸之(zhi)国。犁来(lai),其君之(zhi)名(ming)。传(chuan)言未王命(ming)者,解其称(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)之(zhi)意。由未得(de)爵命(ming)为(wei)(wei)诸侯,故(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)也(ye)。经(jing)书其名(ming),传(chuan)言未王命(ming),此传(chuan)所发(fa)即是附(fu)庸称(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)之(zhi)例。例当(dang)称(cheng)(cheng)名(ming),故(gu)仪(yi)父称(cheng)(cheng)字为(wei)(wei)贵之(zhi)也(ye)。郳(ni)(ni)之(zhi)上世出於(wu)邾(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)国。《世本》云:“邾(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)颜(yan)居邾(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),肥(fei)徙郳(ni)(ni)”,宋仲(zhong)子注云:“邾(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)颜(yan)别封(feng)小(xiao)子肥(fei)於(wu)郳(ni)(ni),为(wei)(wei)小(xiao)邾(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子。”则(ze)颜(yan)是邾(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)君,肥(fei)始封(feng)郳(ni)(ni)。《谱》云:“小(xiao)邾(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),邾(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侠(xia)之(zhi)后也(ye)。夷父颜(yan)有功於(wu)周,其子友别封(feng)为(wei)(wei)附(fu)庸,居郳(ni)(ni)。曾孙犁来(lai),始见《春秋(qiu)》,附(fu)从齐桓以(yi)尊周室(shi),命(ming)为(wei)(wei)小(xiao)邾(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子。穆公(gong)之(zhi)孙惠(hui)公(gong)以(yi)下。《春秋(qiu)》后六世而楚灭之(zhi)。”《世本》言肥(fei),杜《谱》言友,当(dang)是一人。僖七年经(jing)书“小(xiao)邾(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子来(lai)朝(chao)”,知齐桓请(qing)王命(ming)命(ming)之(zhi)。
冬,伐卫,纳(na)惠公也(ye)(ye)。惠公,朔也(ye)(ye)。桓十六(liu)年(nian)出(chu)奔齐。
【经】六年(nian),春(chun),王正月,王人(ren)子突救(jiu)卫。(王人(ren),王之微(wei)官(guan)也(ye),虽官(guan)卑而见(jian)授以大(da)事,故(gu)称人(ren)而又称字(zi)。)
[疏]“六年注王人”至“称字”。
○正义(yi)曰:昭(zhao)十二年传(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“叔孙昭(zhao)子(zi)(zi)三命(ming)(ming)逾父兄”,则昭(zhao)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)父叔孙豹再(zai)命(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye),再(zai)命(ming)(ming)而(er)(er)(er)名(ming)见於经。知(zhi)诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)再(zai)命(ming)(ming)、三命(ming)(ming)皆书名(ming),一命(ming)(ming)乃(nai)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人。诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)臣既(ji)然,则王(wang)(wang)(wang)朝之(zhi)(zhi)臣亦然。《周礼》王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)士三命(ming)(ming),中(zhong)士再(zai)命(ming)(ming),下士一命(ming)(ming)。故(gu)杜以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)刘夏石尚(shang)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)氏(shi)者(zhe),上(shang)(shang)士、中(zhong)士也(ye)(ye)(ye),称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)人者(zhe),下士也(ye)(ye)(ye)。僖八年《公羊(yang)传(chuan)》曰:“王(wang)(wang)(wang)人微(wei)者(zhe)”。知(zhi)此(ci)王(wang)(wang)(wang)人亦微(wei)者(zhe),故(gu)云(yun)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)人,王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)微(wei)官(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。春秋之(zhi)(zhi)世,二字(zi)(zi)(zi)而(er)(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)在上(shang)(shang)者(zhe),皆是字(zi)(zi)(zi),故(gu)知(zhi)子(zi)(zi)罕是字(zi)(zi)(zi)。救卫(wei)必以(yi)(yi)(yi)师(shi)救,而(er)(er)(er)文不(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)师(shi),於例为(wei)将卑师(shi)少(shao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)卑官(guan)而(er)(er)(er)帅(shuai)少(shao)师(shi)救卫(wei),不(bu)能使(shi)(shi)卫(wei)侯不(bu)入,是无功也(ye)(ye)(ye)。无功而(er)(er)(er)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)朔(shuo)既(ji)谗构取国,而(er)(er)(er)又不(bu)能於民,王(wang)(wang)(wang)意(yi)即(ji)定,黔牟不(bu)欲使(shi)(shi)朔(shuo)得人,故(gu)遣师(shi)救之(zhi)(zhi)。时史恶(e)诸(zhu)侯逆王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming),故(gu)尊王(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)(shi),言子(zi)(zi)突虽则官(guan)卑,蒙王(wang)(wang)(wang)授以(yi)(yi)(yi)大事(shi),故(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人而(er)(er)(er)又称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi),贵王(wang)(wang)(wang)人所以(yi)(yi)(yi)责诸(zhu)侯也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰:“庄(zhuang)六年,五国诸(zhu)侯犯逆王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)纳卫(wei)朔(shuo),大其事(shi),故(gu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)人谓之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)突。”是说进之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。进之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)而(er)(er)(er)越称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe),王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)士、下士爵同而(er)(er)(er)命(ming)(ming)异(yi)耳(er)(er)。进之(zhi)(zhi)同中(zhong)士,未(wei)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)荣,故(gu)超从大夫之(zhi)(zhi)例,称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)贵之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。文二年,垂陇之(zhi)(zhi)会,晋(jin)士穀(gu)堪(kan)其事(shi)即(ji)书名(ming)氏(shi),似若真为(wei)卿(qing)然,故(gu)不(bu)复(fu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人。此(ci)贵子(zi)(zi)突止(zhi)为(wei)敦责诸(zhu)侯,非(fei)是人实堪(kan)进,故(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人,依(yi)其本班,称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi),见其别有所为(wei)耳(er)(er)。《穀(gu)梁(liang)传(chuan)》曰:“王(wang)(wang)(wang)人,卑者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye),称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)名(ming),贵之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye),善救卫(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。救者(zhe)善,则伐者(zhe)不(bu)正矣。”杜意(yi)取彼为(wei)说,唯以(yi)(yi)(yi)子(zi)(zi)突为(wei)字(zi)(zi)(zi)耳(er)(er)。范宁注(zhu)《穀(gu)梁(liang)》,亦云(yun)此(ci)“名(ming)”当(dang)为(wei)“字(zi)(zi)(zi)”误(wu)尔(er)。
夏,六月,卫(wei)侯朔(shuo)入于卫(wei)。朔(shuo)为诸侯所(suo)纳,不称归而以国(guo)逆为文,朔(shuo)惧失众心,以国(guo)逆告也。归入例在成十(shi)八年。
[疏]注“朔为”至“八年”。
○正义曰:去年齐(qi)、宋、陈、蔡伐(fa)卫,传曰:“纳(na)(na)惠公也(ye)。”此年卫侯(hou)(hou)得入(ru)(ru),则是诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)纳(na)(na)之(zhi),当言(yan)归,而经书(shu)“入(ru)(ru)”。成(cheng)十五年宋华(hua)元奔晋,宋人迎(ying)而反之(zhi),当言(yan)“复归”,而经书(shu)“归”。《释例》曰:“朔惧(ju)有(you)违众之(zhi)犯,而以(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)逆告。华(hua)元实国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)逆,欲(yu)挟(xie)晋以(yi)自助(zhu),故(gu)以(yi)外纳(na)(na)赴,《春秋(qiu)》从(cong)而书(shu)之(zhi),示(shi)二子(zi)之(zhi)情(qing)也(ye)。”凡诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)外纳(na)(na)有(you)三(san):一者,以(yi)言(yan)语(yu)告请(qing)得入(ru)(ru),“蔡季归于蔡”是也(ye);二者,兴师(shi)送入(ru)(ru)其(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),“楚人围陈,纳(na)(na)顿(dun)子(zi)于顿(dun)”是也(ye);三(san)者,所纳(na)(na)之(zhi)君别在他国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),而诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)师(shi)伐(fa)彼国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),令其(qi)得入(ru)(ru),今公及(ji)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)伐(fa)卫是也(ye)。
秋,公至(zhi)自(zi)伐卫(wei)。无传。告於庙也。
螟。无传。为灾。
○螟,亡丁反。
冬,齐人来归卫俘。《公羊》、《穀梁》经传皆言“卫宝”,此传亦言“宝”。唯此经言“俘”,疑经误。俘,囚也。
○俘,芳(fang)夫反。
[疏]注“公羊”至“囚也”。
○正(zheng)义曰:《释(shi)例》曰:“‘齐人来归卫(wei)宝’,《公羊》、《穀梁(liang)》经传及左(zuo)氏(shi)传皆(jie)同(tong)。唯(wei)左(zuo)氏(shi)经独(du)言‘卫(wei)俘(fu)’,考三家经传有六,而其五皆(jie)言‘宝’,此必左(zuo)氏(shi)经之独(du)误也。案《说文(wen)》‘保,从(cong)人,省声。古文(wen)不(bu)省’。然则古字通用‘宝’或‘’字,与‘俘(fu)’相似(si),故(gu)误作‘俘(fu)’耳。”杜(du)既以为误,而又解俘(fu)为囚,是其不(bu)敢正(zheng)决,故(gu)且从(cong)之。
【传】六年,春,王人救卫。
夏,卫侯入,放公子黔牟于周,放甯跪于秦,杀左公子洩、右公子职,甯跪,卫大夫。宥之以远曰放。
○甯,乃定反。跪,其毁反。宥音又。乃即位。君子以二公子之立黔牟为不度矣。夫能固位者,必度於本末而后立衷焉。不知其本,不谋。知本之不枝,弗强。本末,终始也。衷,节適也。譬之树木,本弱者其枝必披,非人力所能强成。
○度,待洛反,下同。衷,丁仲反,注同;王音忠。强,其丈反,注同。披,普靡反,又普知反。《诗》云:“本枝百世。”《诗·大雅》,言文王本枝俱茂,蕃滋百世也。
○蕃音烦。
[疏]“君子”至“百世”。
○正(zheng)义曰:君子以二(er)公子之(zhi)立黔牟也,为(wei)不(bu)知(zhi)揆(kui)度(du)形势(shi)矣。夫立人(ren)为(wei)君,使(shi)能(neng)自坚固(gu)其(qi)(qi)位者(zhe),必当揆(kui)度(du)於本(ben)末。度(du)其(qi)(qi)本(ben)者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)人(ren)才德贤善,根(gen)本(ben)牢固(gu);度(du)其(qi)(qi)末者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)久终(zhong)能(neng)保有(you)(you)(you)邦国,蕃育子孙,知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)堪能(neng)自固(gu)而后立其(qi)(qi)衷焉。衷谓(wei)(wei)节適(shi)(shi),言使(shi)得节適(shi)(shi)时,乃立之(zhi)也。若不(bu)能(neng)知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)本(ben)之(zhi)可(ke)立与否,则不(bu)当谋之(zhi)。如似树木,知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)根(gen)本(ben)之(zhi)弱(ruo),不(bu)能(neng)生长枝叶(ye),以喻(yu)所(suo)立之(zhi)人(ren)材力劣弱(ruo),不(bu)能(neng)保有(you)(you)(you)邦国,蕃育子孙,则不(bu)须自强立之(zhi)。《诗》以树木本(ben)幹喻(yu)適(shi)(shi),枝叶(ye)喻(yu)庶,言文(wen)王子孙,本(ben)幹枝叶(ye),適(shi)(shi)子庶子,皆(jie)传国百世。由文(wen)王之(zhi)德堪使(shi)蕃滋故(gu)也。刘炫云:度(du)其(qi)(qi)本(ben)谓(wei)(wei)思(si)所(suo)立之(zhi)人(ren),有(you)(you)(you)母氏(shi)之(zhi)宠(chong),有(you)(you)(you)先君之(zhi)爱,有(you)(you)(you)彊臣(chen)之(zhi)援,为(wei)国人(ren)所(suo)信(xin)服(fu)也。度(du)其(qi)(qi)末,谓(wei)(wei)思(si)所(suo)立之(zhi)人(ren)有(you)(you)(you)度(du)量,有(you)(you)(you)知(zhi)谋,有(you)(you)(you)治术,为(wei)下民(min)所(suo)爱乐也。
冬,齐人来归卫宝,文姜请之也。公亲与齐共伐卫,事毕而还。文姜淫於齐侯,故求其所获珍宝,使以归鲁,欲说鲁以谢惭。
○说音悦。
楚文王伐申,过邓。邓祁侯曰:“吾甥也。”祁,谥也。姊妹之子曰甥。
○祁,巨支反(fan);《字林》上尸反(fan)。
[疏]注“祁谥”至“曰甥”。
○正义曰(yue):谥(shi)法,经(jing)典不易曰(yue)祁(qi)。卫有石祁(qi)子(zi),亦谥(shi)也。《释亲(qin)》云:“谓我舅者,吾谓之(zhi)甥。”是姊(zi)妹之(zhi)子(zi)曰(yue)甥。
止而享之,骓甥、聃甥、养甥请杀楚子,皆邓甥,仕於舅氏也。
○骓音隹。邓侯弗许。三甥曰:“亡邓国者,必此人也。若不早图,后君噬齐,若齧腹齐,喻不可及。
○噬(shi),市制反(fan)。齐(qi),粗兮反(fan)。齧,五(wu)结反(fan)。其及图之(zhi)乎?图之(zhi),此(ci)为时矣!”邓侯曰:“人将不食吾馀。”言(yan)自害其甥,必为人所贱。
[疏]“人将不食吾馀”。
○正义曰:食(shi)谓啖之(zhi),为(wei)(wei)甥(sheng)设享而因(yin)享害之(zhi),所有馀(yu)食(shi),更为(wei)(wei)人设之(zhi),将贱吾,不肯(ken)复食(shi)啖吾之(zhi)馀(yu)食(shi)也。《膏(gao)肓》以(yi)为(wei)(wei)楚(chu)(chu)、邓(deng)彊弱相(xiang)县(xian),若(ruo)从三(san)甥(sheng)之(zhi)言,楚(chu)(chu)子虽(sui)死,邓(deng)灭(mie)(mie)曾不旋踵,若(ruo)刳腹(fu)去疾,炊炭(tan)止沸(fei),《左(zuo)氏(shi)》为(wei)(wei)短(duan)。郑箴云(yun)(yun):“楚(chu)(chu)之(zhi)彊盛,从灭(mie)(mie)邓(deng)以(yi)后。於时楚(chu)(chu)未为(wei)(wei)彊,何得云(yun)(yun)‘彊弱相(xiang)县(xian)’。”苏氏(shi)云(yun)(yun):“三(san)甥(sheng)既有此(ci)语(yu),左(zuo)氏(shi)因(yin)史记之(zhi)文录其实事。非(fei)君子之(zhi)论,何以(yi)非(fei)之(zhi)?”
对曰:“若不从三臣,抑社稷实不血食,而君焉取馀?”言君无复馀。
○焉,於虔(qian)反(fan)。复(fu),扶又反(fan),下文同。弗(fu)从。还(hai)年,楚子伐邓(deng)。伐申还(hai)之年。十六年,楚复(fu)伐邓(deng),灭之。鲁庄公十六年,楚终强(qiang)盛,为经书楚事张(zhang)本。
[疏]注“鲁庄公十六年”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):知非楚文王十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)者,以文王庄五年(nian)(nian)即位,至十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)卒(zu)。唯十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)耳。
【经(jing)】七年,春(chun),夫人姜氏会齐侯于防。(防,鲁地。)
夏,四月,辛卯,夜,恒星不见。恒,常也,谓常见之星。辛卯,四月五日,月光尚微,盖时无云,日光不以昏没。
○不见,贤遍反,注及传皆同。
[疏]七年注“恒常”至“昏没”。
○正义曰(yue):“恒,常(chang)”,《释诂(gu)》文。夜(ye)(ye)者(zhe),自昏(hun)至旦之(zhi)总名。但此(ci)经不(bu)言夜(ye)(ye)中,则此(ci)言夜(ye)(ye)者(zhe),夜(ye)(ye)未(wei)至中,谓(wei)(wei)初(chu)昏(hun)之(zhi)后耳,非竟夜(ye)(ye)不(bu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)星(xing)也。《穀(gu)梁(liang)》“夜(ye)(ye)”作(zuo)“昔(xi)”。传(chuan)曰(yue):“日(ri)(ri)入至於(wu)星(xing)出(chu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)昔(xi),不(bu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe),可以见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也。”必如彼言,星(xing)出(chu)以前名之(zhi)曰(yue)昔(xi),则名昔(xi)之(zhi)时法当(dang)未(wei)有(you)星(xing)矣。何以怪(guai)其(qi)不(bu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而书为异也?明经所言夜(ye)(ye)者(zhe),夜(ye)(ye)昏(hun)之(zhi)后,星(xing)应(ying)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)时,而不(bu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)耳。《公(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰(yue):“恒星(xing)者(zhe)何?列(lie)星(xing)也。”言天官(guan)列(lie)宿(su)常(chang)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)星(xing)也。於(wu)时周之(zhi)四月,则夏之(zhi)仲春(chun)。《月令(ling)》“仲春(chun)之(zhi)月,日(ri)(ri)在奎,昏(hun)弧中”,郑玄(xuan)云(yun)(yun):“弧在舆鬼南。”则於(wu)时南方之(zhi)星(xing),尽(jin)当(dang)列(lie)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),谓(wei)(wei)常(chang)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)星(xing)者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)南方星(xing)也。杜以《长历》校之(zhi),知辛卯是四月五日(ri)(ri)也。杜以五日(ri)(ri)月光尚(shang)微,不(bu)能奄星(xing)使不(bu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。若有(you)云(yun)(yun)蔽(bi),当(dang)时复(fu)无(wu)云(yun)(yun),盖日(ri)(ri)光不(bu)以昏(hun)没,是故(gu)以为异也。
夜中,星陨如雨。如,而也。夜半乃有云,星落而且雨,其数多,皆记异也。日光不匿,恒星不见,而云夜中者,以水漏知之。
○夜(ye)中,夜(ye)半也(ye),丁仲反(fan),又如字(zi)。陨,于闵反(fan),落也(ye)。匿,女力反(fan)。
[疏]注“如而”至“知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。正义(yi)曰:《公羊》说“如雨(yu)(yu)”者(zhe),言(yan)(yan)其状(zhuang)似(si)雨(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此传言(yan)(yan)“星(xing)(xing)(xing)陨(yun)如雨(yu)(yu),与雨(yu)(yu)偕(xie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”,偕(xie)训为俱,与雨(yu)(yu)俱下,不得(de)为状(zhuang)似(si)雨(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)转(zhuan)如为而,谓星(xing)(xing)(xing)落而且(qie)雨(yu)(yu),其数(shu)多,与雨(yu)(yu)杂下,所(suo)落非一星(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。非常(chang)为异,害物(wu)为灾(zai),此二事虽是天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变异,不见物(wu)被(bei)灾(zai)害,皆(jie)记异也(ye)(ye)(ye)。星(xing)(xing)(xing)陨(yun)非常(chang),固(gu)可(ke)记异。雨(yu)(yu)乃常(chang)事,亦(yi)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),见星(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陨(yun),其势宜明(ming),时(shi)乃阴雨(yu)(yu),雨(yu)(yu)内(nei)见星(xing)(xing)(xing),所(suo)以为异。主言(yan)(yan)星(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异,不言(yan)(yan)雨(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为异也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夜(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)早(zao)晚(wan),以星(xing)(xing)(xing)为验。日光不匿(ni),恒(heng)星(xing)(xing)(xing)不见,而云夜(ye)中者(zhe),以水(shui)漏知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。漏者(zhe),昼夜(ye)百(bai)刻。於时(shi)春分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月夜(ye)当(dang)五(wu)十刻,二十五(wu)刻而夜(ye)半(ban)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
秋,大水。无传。
无麦、苗。今五月,周之秋。平地出水,漂杀熟麦及五稼之苗。
○漂,匹妙反,又匹遥反。
[疏]注“今五”至“之苗”。
○正义曰:直言无(wu)(wu)麦(mai)(mai)、苗(miao)(miao)(miao),似是麦(mai)(mai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),而知麦(mai)(mai)、苗(miao)(miao)(miao)别者,《公羊(yang)传(chuan)》曰:“曷为(wei)先言无(wu)(wu)麦(mai)(mai),而后言无(wu)(wu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)?待无(wu)(wu)麦(mai)(mai),然后书无(wu)(wu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。”如彼传(chuan)文,知麦(mai)(mai)、苗(miao)(miao)(miao)别也。且此秋,今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)月,麦(mai)(mai)巳熟矣(yi),不(bu)得方云(yun)麦(mai)(mai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)(wu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),故知熟麦(mai)(mai)及(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)稼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)皆(jie)为(wei)水漂杀也。种(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰稼,敛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰穑。《月令》五(wu)(wu)(wu)时食穀、黍、稷、麻、麦(mai)(mai)、豆,《周礼》谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)穀,故云(yun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)稼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。何(he)休云(yun):“禾初生(sheng)曰苗(miao)(miao)(miao),秀曰禾。”
冬,夫人姜氏会(hui)齐侯于穀(gu)。无传。穀(gu),齐地,今济北穀(gu)城县。
【传】七年,春,文姜会齐侯于防,齐志也。(文姜数与齐侯会。至齐地,则奸发夫人;至鲁地,则齐侯之志,故传略举二端以言之。
○数音朔。)
[疏]注“文(wen)姜”至“言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)”。正义(yi)曰:文(wen)姜数与齐(qi)(qi)侯会(hui)(hui)(hui)者:二年于(yu)(yu)禚(zhuo),四年于(yu)(yu)祝(zhu)(zhu)丘(qiu),五(wu)年如齐(qi)(qi)师(shi),此年于(yu)(yu)防(fang)、于(yu)(yu)穀(gu)是也。哀十五(wu)年传称“齐(qi)(qi)致禚(zhuo)、媚、杏於(wu)(wu)卫”,则(ze)禚(zhuo)是齐(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)。定五(wu)年传称“季平(ping)子行东野,卒于(yu)(yu)房”,则(ze)防(fang)是鲁地(di)(di)。传於(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)言(yan)书(shu)奸,於(wu)(wu)鲁地(di)(di)言(yan)齐(qi)(qi)志(zhi),故知至齐(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)则(ze)奸发夫人,至鲁地(di)(di)则(ze)齐(qi)(qi)侯之(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)也。二年会(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)始,此年会(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)末,故传略举二端以言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),明其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀意同也。杜于(yu)(yu)禚(zhuo)、于(yu)(yu)穀(gu),皆言(yan)齐(qi)(qi)地(di)(di),于(yu)(yu)祝(zhu)(zhu)丘(qiu)言(yan)鲁地(di)(di),见其(qi)(qi)(qi)有二意。若(ruo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)然,桓(huan)五(wu)年经(jing)书(shu)“城祝(zhu)(zhu)丘(qiu)”,祝(zhu)(zhu)丘(qiu)鲁地(di)(di),不(bu)须解之(zhi)(zhi)。《释(shi)例(li)》曰:“妇人无外(wai)事(shi)(shi),见兄弟(di)不(bu)逾阈(yu)。故其(qi)(qi)(qi)他行,非礼所(suo)及,亦例(li)所(suo)不(bu)存。而(er)当其(qi)(qi)(qi)时实有出入,或以事(shi)(shi)宜,或以淫纵,小(xiao)君之(zhi)(zhi)行,不(bu)得不(bu)书(shu),故直书(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)行,而(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)善(shan)恶各(ge)系於(wu)(wu)本。会(hui)(hui)(hui)于(yu)(yu)禚(zhuo),传称书(shu)奸,夫人入齐(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)也。会(hui)(hui)(hui)于(yu)(yu)防(fang),传称齐(qi)(qi)志(zhi),齐(qi)(qi)侯入鲁地(di)(di)也。於(wu)(wu)经(jing)无例(li),传以实言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。”
夏,恒星不见,夜明也。星陨如雨,与雨偕也。偕,俱也。
○偕音皆。秋(qiu),无麦、苗,不(bu)害嘉(jia)穀(gu)也。黍稷尚可更种,故曰不(bu)害嘉(jia)穀(gu)。
【经】八年,春,王(wang)正(zheng)月,师次(ci)于郎(lang),以俟陈人(ren)、蔡人(ren)。(无传(chuan)。期共伐郕,陈、蔡不(bu)至(zhi),故驻师于郎(lang)以待之。)
[疏]“八年注期共”至“待之”。
○正义曰:唯言(yan)以(yi)(yi)俟(si)陈(chen)、蔡(cai),不(bu)知何(he)故(gu)待(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)。下有(you)“师及齐师围郕”,或与陈(chen)、蔡(cai)同(tong)计,故(gu)云“期共(gong)伐(fa)郕,陈(chen)、蔡(cai)不(bu)至,故(gu)待(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)”。贾逵及说《穀梁》者皆云陈(chen)、蔡(cai)欲伐(fa)鲁,故(gu)待(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)。陈(chen)、蔡(cai)於鲁竟绝路遥,《春秋》以(yi)(yi)来末尝构怨(yuan),何(he)因辄伐(fa)鲁也?又俟(si)者,相(xiang)须同(tong)行之(zhi)(zhi)辞,非(fei)防寇拒敌之(zhi)(zhi)称,若(ruo)是畏其来伐(fa),当谓之(zhi)(zhi)御,不(bu)得称俟(si),故(gu)知“期共(gong)伐(fa)郕”耳。何(he)休(xiu)、服虔亦言(yan)欲共(gong)伐(fa)郕。
甲午,治兵。治兵於庙,习号令,将以围郕。
[疏]注“治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)”至(zhi)“围(wei)郕”。正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)》:“中春,教振旅(lv);中秋(qiu),教治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。”《穀梁传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“出(chu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),习(xi)战(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye);入(ru)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)振旅(lv),习(xi)战(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《公羊传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“出(chu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祠(ci)(ci)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),入(ru)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)振旅(lv),其礼(li)(li)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye),皆习(xi)战(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《释天》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“出(chu)为治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),尚威武(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye);入(ru)为振旅(lv),反(fan)尊(zun)(zun)卑(bei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”孙(sun)炎云(yun)(yun)(yun):“出(chu)则(ze)幼贱在(zai)前,贵勇(yong)力也(ye)(ye)(ye);入(ru)则(ze)尊(zun)(zun)老(lao)在(zai)前,复常法也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”彼言治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、振旅(lv)皆谓因田(tian)猎而选(xuan)车(che)徒(tu)、教战(zhan)法、习(xi)号(hao)令,知(zhi)此治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)亦是习(xi)号(hao)令,此治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)於(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao),欲就尊(zun)(zun)严(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畏威用命耳。但(dan)军旅(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众非庙(miao)(miao)内(nei)所(suo)容,止应告於(wu)(wu)宗庙(miao)(miao),出(chu)在(zai)门(men)巷习(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。昭十八年传(chuan)称“郑人简兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)大蒐,将为蒐除(chu)”,杜云(yun)(yun)(yun):“治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)於(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao),城内(nei)地迫(po),故除(chu)广之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是告於(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao),习(xi)於(wu)(wu)巷也(ye)(ye)(ye)。下(xia)有围(wei)郕,知(zhi)治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)为围(wei)郕也(ye)(ye)(ye)。沈云(yun)(yun)(yun)《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)》“中秋(qiu)治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)”,《月令》孟(meng)春令云(yun)(yun)(yun)“是月也(ye)(ye)(ye),不可(ke)以称兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)”。所(suo)以甲午(wu)治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)者,以为围(wei)郕。故非时治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),犹如备难而城,虽(sui)非时不讥。沈又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li),必须告庙(miao)(miao)。告庙(miao)(miao)虽(sui)是内(nei)事,治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)乃是外(wai)事,故虽(sui)告庙(miao)(miao),仍用甲午(wu)。且治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)则(ze)征伐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,又(you)为围(wei)郕,虽(sui)在(zai)郊内(nei),亦用刚日。甲午(wu)治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),《公羊》以为祠(ci)(ci)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),谓杀牲飨士卒。
夏,师及齐师围郕,郕降于齐师。二国同讨而齐独纳郕。
○降,户江反,传皆(jie)同(tong)。
[疏]“师及”至“齐师”。
○正义曰(yue):於例,将卑师(shi)(shi)(shi)众称师(shi)(shi)(shi),此直言师(shi)(shi)(shi),则(ze)公不自将。传(chuan)称“仲(zhong)庆父请伐齐师(shi)(shi)(shi)”,闻(wen)郕降齐师(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)国请耳,非是军(jun)中请也(ye)。
秋,师还(hai)。时史(shi)善公克己复礼,全军而还(hai),故(gu)特书(shu)师还(hai)。
[疏]注“时史”至“师还”。
○正义曰(yue):《春(chun)秋》之(zhi)例(li),公行(xing)征伐(fa),还则书(shu)(shu)至,命将(jiang)出(chu)师(shi)(shi)(shi)未有书(shu)(shu)师(shi)(shi)(shi)还者(zhe)也。庆父(fu)请(qing)伐(fa)齐师(shi)(shi)(shi),欲以自围郕(cheng)之(zhi)师(shi)(shi)(shi),回伐(fa)齐师(shi)(shi)(shi)。若用(yong)其(qi)言,则方相战斗,师(shi)(shi)(shi)或丧败。公乃自责(ze)无(wu)德,引(yin)罪(zui)归己。时(shi)(shi)史善(shan)(shan)公克(ke)己复礼,全军而(er)(er)还,喜其(qi)得(de)还,故特书(shu)(shu)师(shi)(shi)(shi)还也。传言“君子(zi)是以善(shan)(shan)鲁庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公”。君子(zi)谓当(dang)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)史,书(shu)(shu)此(ci)师(shi)(shi)(shi)还,以善(shan)(shan)鲁庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公也。仲(zhong)尼(ni)以为(wei)得(de)理,故因而(er)(er)用(yong)之(zhi)。“克(ke)己复礼”,《论(lun)语》文(wen)也。克(ke),胜也。己虽恨齐胜情而(er)(er)止(zhi),责(ze)己而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)责(ze)於人,合於礼意。僖三十(shi)年“秦(qin)、晋围郑(zheng)”,传称“秦(qin)人窃与郑(zheng)盟(meng),子(zi)犯(fan)请(qing)击秦(qin)师(shi)(shi)(shi),晋侯不(bu)(bu)许”,与此(ci)事同。而(er)(er)彼无(wu)善(shan)(shan)文(wen)者(zhe),鲁庄(zhuang)(zhuang)中平之(zhi)主,能(neng)有善(shan)(shan)事,故为(wei)可嘉。晋文(wen)身为(wei)霸主,而(er)(er)私自恨郑(zheng),引(yin)秦(qin)共伐(fa),而(er)(er)秦(qin)人背之(zhi),失其(qi)所(suo)与,则为(wei)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)。得(de)免不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)之(zhi)讥,巳为(wei)幸(xing)矣,虽不(bu)(bu)从(cong)子(zi)犯(fan),未足可尚。时(shi)(shi)史不(bu)(bu)善(shan)(shan)其(qi)事,故仲(zhong)尼(ni)亦无(wu)褒(bao)文(wen)。
冬,十有一月,癸未,齐无知弑其君诸儿。称臣,臣之罪也。
○儿,如(ru)字,一音(yin)五(wu)兮反(fan)。
【传】八年,春,治兵于庙,礼也。“夏,师及齐师围郕。郕降于齐师”。仲庆父请伐齐师。(齐不与鲁共其功,故欲伐之。)公曰:“不可!我实不德,齐师何罪?罪我之由。《夏书》曰:‘皋陶迈种德,(《夏书》,逸《书》也。称皋陶能勉种德。迈,勉也。
○夏,户雅(ya)反,后放此。陶音(yin)遥。)德,乃降。’
[疏]“夏书”至“乃降”。
○正义(yi)曰:此《虞书(shu)·皋(gao)(gao)陶(tao)谟》之(zhi)文,以述(shu)禹事(shi),故(gu)传谓之(zhi)《夏书(shu)》。孔安国以为迈(mai),行;种(zhong)(zhong),布;降(jiang)(jiang),下(xia)也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)皋(gao)(gao)陶(tao)能(neng)行、布其(qi)德(de)(de),德(de)(de)乃下(xia)洽於民,故(gu)民归之(zhi)。今引之(zhi)断章,取证降(jiang)(jiang)义(yi),当言(yan)(yan)皋(gao)(gao)陶(tao)能(neng)布行其(qi)德(de)(de),由其(qi)有德(de)(de),乃为人(ren)降(jiang)(jiang)服也(ye)。杜不(bu)(bu)见古文,故(gu)以为逸《书(shu)》,以迈(mai)为勉(mian),言(yan)(yan)皋(gao)(gao)陶(tao)能(neng)勉(mian)力种(zhong)(zhong)树功(gong)德(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)知“德(de)(de)乃降(jiang)(jiang)”亦是《书(shu)》文,谓为庄公之(zhi)语,故(gu)隔从(cong)下(xia)注(zhu),言(yan)(yan)能(neng)自慕皋(gao)(gao)陶(tao)之(zhi)种(zhong)(zhong)德(de)(de),乃人(ren)自降(jiang)(jiang)服之(zhi)。自恨不(bu)(bu)能(neng)如皋(gao)(gao)陶(tao)也(ye)。
姑务脩德以(yi)待时乎。”言苟有(you)德,乃(nai)为人所降服(fu),姑,且也(ye)。“秋,师还”。君(jun)子是(shi)以(yi)善鲁庄(zhuang)公。传(chuan)言经所以(yi)即用旧史之文。
齐侯使连称、管至父戌葵丘。连称、管至父,皆齐大夫。戍,守也。葵丘,齐地,临淄县西有地名葵丘。
○称,尺证反,又如字。瓜时而往,曰:“及瓜而代。”期戍,公问不至。问,命也。
○期音基,本亦作期。请代,弗许。故谋作乱。僖公之母弟曰夷仲年,生公孙无知,有宠於僖公,衣服礼秩如適,適,大子。
○適,丁历反,注同。襄公绌之。二人因之以作乱。二人,连称、管至父。
○绌,敕律反。连称有从妹在公宫,无宠。使间公,伺公之间隙。
○从,才用反,下从者皆同。间,如字,注同;或古苋反,非。曰:“捷,吾以女为夫人。”捷,克也。宣无知之言。
○捷,在接反。女音汝。
冬,十二月,齐侯游于姑棼,遂田于贝丘。姑棼、贝丘,皆齐地。田,猎也。乐安博昌县南有地名贝丘。
○棼,扶云反。贝,补盖反。乐音洛。见大豕,从者曰:“公子彭生也。”公见大豕,而从者见彭生,皆妖鬼。公怒,曰:“彭生敢见!”射之,豕人立而啼。公惧,队于车,伤足丧屦。反,诛屦於徒人费,诛,责也。
○敢见,贤遍反。射,食亦反。啼,田兮反。队,直类反。丧,息浪反。屦,九具反。费音祕。弗得,鞭之,见血。走出,遇贼于门,劫而束之。费曰:“我奚御哉!”袒而示之背,信之。费请先入,诈欲助贼。
○御,鱼吕反。袒音但。伏公而出,斗死于门中。石之纷如死于阶下。石之纷如,齐小臣,亦斗死。
○纷,敷文反。遂入,杀孟阳于床。孟阳,亦小臣,伐公居床。
○床,士良反。曰:“非(fei)君也(ye)(ye),不(bu)类。”见公之(zhi)足于(yu)户下,遂弑之(zhi)。而立无(wu)知。经(jing)书十(shi)一月癸未(wei),《长历》推之(zhi),月六日也(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)云十(shi)二月,传(chuan)误。
初,襄公立,无常。政令无常。鲍叔牙曰:“君使民慢,乱将作矣!”奉公子小白出奔莒。鲍叔牙,小白傅。小白,僖公庶子。
○鲍,步卯反。乱作,管夷吾、召忽奉公子纠来奔。管夷吾、召忽,皆子纠傅也。子纠,小白庶兄。来不书,皆非卿也。为九年公伐齐、纳子纠、齐小白入于齐传。
○召,时照反。纠,居黝反。初,公孙无知虐于雍廪。雍廪,齐大夫。为杀无知传。
○廪,力锦反。
【经】九年,春,齐人杀无(wu)知(zhi)。(无(wu)知(zhi)弑君(jun)而立,未列於会(hui),故不(bu)书(shu)爵,例在成十六年。)
[疏]九年注“无知”至“六年”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):无(wu)知(zhi)弑(shi)(shi)君(jun)自立(li),则是为(wei)齐君(jun)矣,而(er)不(bu)(bu)言弑(shi)(shi)其君(jun)者,为(wei)未列(lie)(lie)於会(hui),故(gu)不(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)爵,不(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)爵者,正谓不(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)弑(shi)(shi)其君(jun)也(ye)。《释例》曰(yue):“诸侯(hou)不(bu)(bu)受先君(jun)之命而(er)篡立(li),得与诸侯(hou)会(hui)者,则以成(cheng)君(jun)书(shu)(shu)(shu)之。齐商人(ren)、蔡侯(hou)般(ban)之属是也(ye)。若(ruo)未得接於诸侯(hou),则不(bu)(bu)称爵。楚公(gong)子弃疾杀(sha)(sha)公(gong)子比,蔡人(ren)杀(sha)(sha)陈佗(tuo),齐人(ren)杀(sha)(sha)无(wu)知(zhi),卫(wei)人(ren)杀(sha)(sha)州吁、公(gong)子瑕之属是也(ye)。诸侯(hou)篡立(li),虽以会(hui)诸侯(hou)为(wei)正,此列(lie)(lie)国之制(zhi)也(ye)。至於国内,策(ce)名委质,即君(jun)臣(chen)之分巳定,故(gu)虽杀(sha)(sha)不(bu)(bu)成(cheng)君(jun),亦与成(cheng)君(jun)同义(yi)也(ye)。”是言杀(sha)(sha)而(er)不(bu)(bu)称君(jun)之义(yi)也(ye)。曹伯负(fu)刍杀(sha)(sha)大(da)子而(er)自立(li),成(cheng)十(shi)五年晋(jin)侯(hou)讨而(er)执之,十(shi)六年曹人(ren)请于晋(jin),曰(yue)若(ruo)有罪,则君(jun)列(lie)(lie)侯(hou)会(hui)矣。是列(lie)(lie)会(hui)则成(cheng)君(jun),故(gu)指彼以为(wei)例。
公及齐大夫盟于蔇。齐乱无君,故大夫得敌於公,盖欲迎子纠也。来者非一人,故不称名。蔇,鲁地,琅邪缯县北有蔇亭。
○蔇,其器(qi)反(fan)(fan)。缯,才陵反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]注“齐乱”至“蔇亭”。
○正义曰:僖二十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)传曰:“在礼,卿不会(hui)公(gong)、侯,会(hui)伯、子、男可也。”是大(da)(da)夫不得敌公(gong)也。若敌公(gong),则经没公(gong)不书,而贬卿称(cheng)人,翟(zhai)泉之盟是也。此不没公(gong)者(zhe),齐乱(luan)无(wu)君,故大(da)(da)夫得敌公(gong),既得敌公(gong),当书名氏(shi),而直言(yan)齐大(da)(da)夫者(zhe),来者(zhe)非一(yi)人,故不称(cheng)名也。文十(shi)(shi)年(nian)宋(song)人杀其大(da)(da)夫,传曰:“不称(cheng)名,众也。。”是众则不得书名。
夏,公(gong)伐(fa)齐(qi),纳子纠。
[疏]“公伐齐,纳子纠”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue):《公(gong)羊(yang)传》曰(yue)(yue):“纠(jiu)者何(he)(he)?公(gong)子(zi)纠(jiu)也(ye)。何(he)(he)以不(bu)称(cheng)公(gong)子(zi)?君(jun)前(qian)臣名(ming)也(ye)。”何(he)(he)休曰(yue)(yue):“嫌当为齐(qi)君(jun),在鲁(lu)君(jun)前(qian)不(bu)为臣礼。”故(gu)去公(gong)子(zi),见臣於(wu)鲁(lu)也(ye)。贾逵(kui)云:“不(bu)言公(gong)子(zi),次正(zheng)也(ye),《公(gong)羊(yang)》之(zhi)说不(bu)可通(tong)於(wu)《左氏》,次正(zheng)不(bu)称(cheng)公(gong)子(zi),其事又无所出。”案今定(ding)本(ben)经文(wen)纠(jiu)之(zhi)上(shang)且有子(zi)字(zi)。自外(wai)入内不(bu)称(cheng)公(gong)子(zi)者多(duo),唯有楚公(gong)子(zi)比称(cheng)公(gong)子(zi)。盖告(gao)辞有详略,故(gu)为文(wen)不(bu)同。此有伐齐(qi)之(zhi)文(wen),故(gu)不(bu)须言于(yu)(yu)齐(qi)。纳捷菑于(yu)(yu)邾,为无伐邾之(zhi)文(wen),故(gu)须言于(yu)(yu)邾。
齐小白入于齐。二公(gong)子各有党,故虽(sui)盟而迎子纠,当须(xu)伐乃(nai)得入,又出在(zai)小白之后。小白称入,从国逆之文,本无位。
[疏]注“二公”至“无位”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):传(chuan)称(cheng)鲍叔牙以(yi)(yi)小(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)奔莒,管夷吾、召忽奉子纠来(lai)(lai)奔。则二子在国(guo)宠(chong)均(jun)势(shi)敌,故国(guo)内各(ge)有其(qi)(qi)党,令齐大(da)(da)夫来(lai)(lai)盟于蔇,直是子纠之党来(lai)(lai)迎(ying)子纠耳。小(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)之党犹自向莒迎(ying)小(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)(ye)。若其(qi)(qi)举国(guo)同心共推(tui)子纠,来(lai)(lai)迎(ying)即宜付之,不须以(yi)(yi)盟要(yao)之。今既与之盟而(er)(er)兴师(shi)送(song)纠,是二公(gong)子各(ge)自有党,须伐(fa)乃得入(ru),故公(gong)伐(fa)齐也(ye)(ye)。昭十三年传(chuan)称(cheng)“桓(huan)公(gong)有国(guo)、高(gao)以(yi)(yi)为内主”,则国(guo)子、高(gao)子是小(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)之党也(ye)(ye)。彼云(yun)小(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)既早,公(gong)送(song)子纠又迟,公(gong)伐(fa)齐纳子纠始行即书,小(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)入(ru)齐得告乃书。故至(zhi)齐之时,出小(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)之后。然传(chuan)例(li)曰(yue):“凡(fan)去国(guo),国(guo)逆而(er)(er)立之曰(yue)入(ru)。”小(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)称(cheng)入(ru),从国(guo)逆之文,以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)本(ben)无位(wei)也(ye)(ye),若本(ben)有位(wei),则当云(yun)复归(gui)。贾(jia)、服以(yi)(yi)为齐大(da)(da)夫来(lai)(lai)迎(ying)子纠,公(gong)不亟遣(qian),而(er)(er)盟以(yi)(yi)要(yao)之。齐人归(gui)迎(ying)小(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。谓迎(ying)小(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)者,疑(yi)是盟蔇大(da)(da)夫,故杜(du)言(yan)各(ge)自有党以(yi)(yi)解之。
秋,七(qi)月(yue),丁酉,葬齐襄公。无传。九(jiu)月(yue)乃葬,乱(luan)故(gu)。
八月,庚申,及齐师战于乾时,我师败绩。小白既定而公犹不退师,历时而战,战遂大败。不称公战,公败讳之。乾时,齐地,时水在乐安界,岐流。旱则竭涸,故曰乾时。
○乾音干。岐,其宜反,又巨移反。涸,户(hu)各反。
[疏]注“小白”至(zhi)“乾(qian)时”。正义曰:公(gong)(gong)(gong)以夏伐齐,巳出小白之(zhi)后。齐人(ren)得葬襄公(gong)(gong)(gong),便是(shi)国(guo)宁位定。公(gong)(gong)(gong)可退(tui)而不(bu)退(tui),战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)而败(bai)(bai)(bai)绩,是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)罪。时史(shi)书(shu)(shu)策不(bu)称公(gong)(gong)(gong)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),公(gong)(gong)(gong)败(bai)(bai)(bai),为公(gong)(gong)(gong)讳(hui)也(ye)。若言此战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)非公(gong)(gong)(gong),是(shi)将卑师(shi)众,故直言师(shi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)师(shi)败(bai)(bai)(bai)耳。此战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)虽(sui)讳(hui),犹(you)书(shu)(shu)败(bai)(bai)(bai)。升陉(xing)之(zhi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),败(bai)(bai)(bai)亦(yi)不(bu)书(shu)(shu)者,彼为获公(gong)(gong)(gong)胄(zhou),耻,讳(hui)之(zhi)深,故不(bu)书(shu)(shu)败(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)。
九月,齐人取子纠,杀之。公子为贼乱,则书。齐实告杀而书齐取杀者,时史恶齐志在谲以求管仲,非不忍其亲,故极言之。
○恶,乌路反(fan)(fan)。谲,古穴反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]“取子纠杀之”。正义曰:此名纠耳,称子者,《公羊传》曰:“其称子纠何?贵也。其贵奈何?宜为君者也。”何休云:“以君薨,称子某,言之者,著其宜为君,从未逾年君例。”贾逵云:“称子者,愍之。”案定本上“纳子纠”巳称子,则此言子,非愍之也。沈云:齐人称子纠,故鲁史从其所称,而经书子纠,知者,传云“子纠,亲也,请君讨之”,岂复是愍之乎!刘与贾同。注“公子”至“言之”。
○正义曰:诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣为卿,乃见经(jing)(jing)。公子(zi)为贼乱(luan)者,则(ze)书其名(ming),不(bu)问位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贵贱。《释例》曰:“祸福不(bu)告(gao)则(ze)不(bu)书,然则(ze)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大事见告(gao),则(ze)皆承告(gao)而书,贵贱各(ge)以(yi)所告(gao)为文也。福莫(mo)大於(wu)享国有家,祸莫(mo)甚於(wu)骨(gu)肉(rou)相残(can)。故公子(zi)取国及为乱(luan)见杀者,亦皆书之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)必(bi)系於(wu)为卿,故子(zi)纠、意恢以(yi)公子(zi)见书於(wu)经(jing)(jing)也。”是说公子(zi)书经(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也。
冬,浚洙。无传。洙水在鲁城北,下合泗。浚深之,为齐备。
○浚(jun),苏俊反,深(shen)也。洙音(yin)(yin)殊,水名。泗音(yin)(yin)四。
[疏]注“洙水”至“齐备”。
○正义曰:《释例》云(yun):“洙水出鲁国(guo)东北(bei),西南入沇(yan)水,下合泗。”《公羊(yang)传》曰:“洙者(zhe)何?水也。浚(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)何?深(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。曷为深(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?畏齐也。”是(shi)畏齐,故(gu)深(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为阻固也。
【传】九年,春,雍(yong)廪(lin)杀无(wu)知。
“公及齐(qi)大(da)夫(fu)盟于蔇”,齐(qi)无(wu)君(jun)也。
夏,公伐(fa)齐,纳子纠。桓公自莒先入。桓公,小白(bai)。
秋,师及(ji)齐师战于乾(qian)时(shi),我师败绩,公丧戎(rong)路,传乘(cheng)(cheng)而归(gui)。戎(rong)路,兵车(che)。传乘(cheng)(cheng),乘(cheng)(cheng)他车(che)。丧,息(xi)浪反。传,直专反。又丁恋反。传乘(cheng)(cheng),绳证反,注“传乘(cheng)(cheng)”字(zi)(zi)同。乘(cheng)(cheng)他如(ru)字(zi)(zi)。
秦子、梁子以公旗辟于下道,二子,公御及戎右也,以误齐师。
○僻音避,本亦作辟,一音婢亦反。是以皆止。止,获也。鲍叔帅师来言曰:“子纠,亲也,请君讨之。鲍叔乘胜而进军,志在生得管仲,故讬不忍之辞。管、召,雠也,请受而甘心焉。”管仲射桓公,故曰雠。甘心,言欲快意戮杀之。
○召,诗照反。雠,市由反。射,食亦反。乃杀子纠于生窦,生窦,鲁地。
○窦音豆。召忽死之。管仲请囚,鲍叔受之,及堂阜而税之。堂阜,齐地。东莞蒙阴县西北有夷吾亭。或曰:鲍叔解夷吾缚於此,因以为名。
○税,本又作“说”,同,上活反,一音失锐反。解,古买反。缚,扶略反。归而以告曰:“管夷吾治於高傒,高傒,齐卿高敬仲也。言管仲治理政事之才,多於敬仲。
○治,直(zhi)吏反,注同。傒音(yin)兮。使相可也。”
[疏]“鲍叔”至“可也”。
○正义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):此(ci)传(chuan)大略,世有《管子(zi)(zi)》书(shu)者(zhe),或是(shi)(shi)后人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)录(lu),其(qi)言甚详。其(qi)《小匡》篇(pian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)自莒反於(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi),使(shi)鲍叔(shu)牙为宰(zai)。鲍叔(shu)辞曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘君(jun)(jun)(jun)有加惠於(wu)(wu)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen),使(shi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)冻馁(nei),则(ze)是(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赐也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若必(bi)(bi)治(zhi)国(guo)家,则(ze)非(fei)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)能(neng)也(ye)(ye)(ye),其(qi)唯管夷(yi)(yi)吾(wu)(wu)乎!臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)如(ru)(ru)夷(yi)(yi)吾(wu)(wu)者(zhe)五:宽惠爱民(min),臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)如(ru)(ru)也(ye)(ye)(ye);治(zhi)国(guo)不(bu)失秉,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)如(ru)(ru)也(ye)(ye)(ye);忠信可结(jie)於(wu)(wu)诸侯,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)如(ru)(ru)也(ye)(ye)(ye);制礼义(yi)(yi)可法於(wu)(wu)四方,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)如(ru)(ru)也(ye)(ye)(ye);介胄执枹(bao),立於(wu)(wu)军门,使(shi)百姓皆知勇,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)如(ru)(ru)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)管子(zi)(zi),民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父母(mu)也(ye)(ye)(ye),将(jiang)欲治(zhi)其(qi)子(zi)(zi),不(bu)可弃其(qi)父母(mu)。’公(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘管夷(yi)(yi)吾(wu)(wu)亲射寡人(ren)(ren)(ren),中钩,殆於(wu)(wu)死,今乃(nai)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可乎?’鲍叔(shu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘彼为其(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)勤也(ye)(ye)(ye),君(jun)(jun)(jun)若宥而(er)(er)反之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)为君(jun)(jun)(jun)犹是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。’公(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘然(ran)则(ze)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奈何(he)(he)?’鲍叔(shu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘君(jun)(jun)(jun)使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)请(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)。’公(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘夫(fu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)伯,鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼知吾(wu)(wu)将(jiang)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),必(bi)(bi)不(bu)吾(wu)(wu)与。’鲍叔(shu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘君(jun)(jun)(jun)诏使(shi)者(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),寡君(jun)(jun)(jun)有不(bu)令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)在君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo),原(yuan)(yuan)请(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)戮於(wu)(wu)群(qun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)必(bi)(bi)诺(nuo)。且施(shi)(shi)(shi)伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知夷(yi)(yi)吾(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才,必(bi)(bi)将(jiang)致鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政。夷(yi)(yi)吾(wu)(wu)受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)能(neng)弱(ruo)齐(qi)(qi)矣。夷(yi)(yi)吾(wu)(wu)不(bu)受,彼知其(qi)将(jiang)反齐(qi)(qi),必(bi)(bi)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)亟请(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)然(ran)无及。’公(gong)(gong)(gong)乃(nai)使(shi)鲍叔(shu)行成,曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)纠,亲也(ye)(ye)(ye),请(qing)君(jun)(jun)(jun)讨(tao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)为杀公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)纠。又曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘管仲(zhong),雠也(ye)(ye)(ye),请(qing)受而(er)(er)戮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)许诺(nuo)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)伯谓鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)侯曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘勿与。非(fei)戮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye),将(jiang)用(yong)(yong)其(qi)政也(ye)(ye)(ye)。管仲(zhong),天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤人(ren)(ren)(ren),今齐(qi)(qi)求而(er)(er)得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)必(bi)(bi)长为鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)国(guo)忧,君(jun)(jun)(jun)何(he)(he)不(bu)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)授(shou)其(qi)尸。’鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘诺(nuo)。’将(jiang)杀管仲(zhong)。鲍叔(shu)进(jin)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)(qi),是(shi)(shi)戮齐(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu),是(shi)(shi)戮鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。寡君(jun)(jun)(jun)原(yuan)(yuan)先得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)徇於(wu)(wu)国(guo),为群(qun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)戮;若不(bu)生得,是(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)与寡君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贼比也(ye)(ye)(ye)。非(fei)敝邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)请(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye),使(shi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)敢受命。’於(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)乎鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)乃(nai)不(bu)杀,遂(sui)(sui)生束缚而(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)与齐(qi)(qi)。鲍叔(shu)受而(er)(er)哭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),三(san)举。施(shi)(shi)(shi)伯从而(er)(er)笑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓大夫(fu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘管仲(zhong)必(bi)(bi)不(bu)死矣,鲍叔(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)忍(ren)戮贤人(ren)(ren)(ren),其(qi)知知称贤以(yi)(yi)自成也(ye)(ye)(ye)。’至於(wu)(wu)堂阜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,鲍叔(shu)祓而(er)(er)浴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)。桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)亲迎於(wu)(wu)郊。遂(sui)(sui)与归,礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)庙,三(san)酌而(er)(er)问为政焉。”《外(wai)传(chuan)·齐(qi)(qi)语》与《管子(zi)(zi)》大同(tong),《管子(zi)(zi)》当是(shi)(shi)本耳(er)。《管子(zi)(zi)》无“治(zhi)於(wu)(wu)高傒”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言。鲍叔(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美管子(zi)(zi),其(qi)言非(fei)一,说者(zhe)各记所(suo)(suo)闻,故不(bu)同(tong)耳(er)。
公从之。
○相(xiang),息亮反(fan)。
【经】十年,春,王正月,公败齐师于长勺。(齐人虽成列,鲁以权谲稽之,列成而不得用,故以未陈为文。例在十一年。长勺,鲁地。
○勺,上酌反。陈,直觐反,十一年(nian)经注同(tong)。)
[疏]“十年注齐人”至“鲁地”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):例(li)称“敌未陈曰(yue)败某师,背陈曰(yue)战(zhan)”。此(ci)传称齐人成(cheng)陈击鼓(gu),不应称败齐师,故解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《孙(sun)子兵书(shu)》曰(yue):“誓稽(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使失(shi)其(qi)先后(hou)。”谓稽(ji)留彼(bi)敌,不时与(yu)战(zhan),使先后(hou)失(shi)其(qi)次第(di)。鲁(lu)以(yi)曹(cao)刿(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语,权谋谲诈以(yi)稽(ji)留之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),列成(cheng)而不得(de)用,与(yu)未陈相似,故以(yi)未陈为文(wen)。《释例(li)》曰(yue):“长勺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役,虽俱(ju)陈,而鼓(gu)音不齐。槜李(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役,越人患吴(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)整,以(yi)死士乱吴(wu),虽皆巳陈,犹(you)以(yi)独克为文(wen),举其(qi)权诈。”是(shi)也(ye)。此(ci)注“稽(ji)”或作“掩(yan)”,误耳,今定本作“稽(ji)”。
二(er)月,公(gong)侵(qin)宋。无传。侵(qin)例在二(er)十九年。
三月,宋人迁宿。无传。宋强迁之而取其地,故文异於邢迁。
○强,其(qi)丈反。
夏,六月,齐师、宋师次于郎。不言侵伐,齐为兵主,背蔇之盟,义与长勺同。
○背,音佩,传(chuan)同。
[疏]注“不言”至“勺同”。
○正义曰:此(ci)春败齐(qi)师于(yu)长勺,传称(cheng)“齐(qi)师伐(fa)(fa)(fa)我(wo)”,则今次于(yu)郎,亦(yi)是欲(yu)来(lai)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)我(wo)。而(er)(er)经(jing)并不称(cheng)侵(qin)伐(fa)(fa)(fa),侵(qin)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)者,责(ze)罪之(zhi)文也。桓十(shi)年(nian),齐(qi)侯,郑伯来(lai)战于(yu)郎,传曰:“我(wo)有(you)辞也。”故不称(cheng)侵(qin)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)。则知此(ci)与长勺不书侵(qin)伐(fa)(fa)(fa),亦(yi)为(wei)“我(wo)有(you)辞也”。我(wo)有(you)辞者,齐(qi)来(lai)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)我(wo),为(wei)公(gong)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)齐(qi)纳(na)子(zi)纠来(lai)报伐(fa)(fa)(fa)也。公(gong)之(zhi)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)齐(qi),大夫来(lai)盟(meng)于(yu)蔇,许以(yi)子(zi)纠为(wei)君,令鲁伐(fa)(fa)(fa)齐(qi),纳(na)子(zi)纠,彼(bi)自背(bei)(bei)(bei)盟(meng)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)鲁,非责(ze)鲁也,鲁有(you)此(ci)辞,故齐(qi)人(ren)不合伐(fa)(fa)(fa)也。杜言(yan)二公(gong)子(zi)各有(you)党,则迎子(zi)纠者,非小白之(zhi)徒,而(er)(er)责(ze)齐(qi)背(bei)(bei)(bei)盟(meng)者,言(yan)彼(bi)蔇盟(meng),大夫背(bei)(bei)(bei)盟(meng)而(er)(er)从小白,误公(gong)使伐(fa)(fa)(fa)齐(qi)耳(er),不言(yan)桓公(gong)背(bei)(bei)(bei)盟(meng)也。杜以(yi)传於长勺之(zhi)役(yi)有(you)“伐(fa)(fa)(fa)我(wo)”之(zhi)语(yu),故就传为(wei)解,而(er)(er)以(yi)此(ci)同之(zhi)。
公败宋师于乘丘。乘丘,鲁地。
○乘,绳证反(fan)。
秋,九月,荆败蔡师于莘。荆,楚本号,后改为楚。楚辟陋在夷,於此始通上国,然告命之辞犹未合典礼,故不称将帅。莘,蔡地。
○莘,所(suo)(suo)巾反(fan)。将率(lv),子(zi)匠反(fan),率(lv)又作帅(shuai),同(tong),所(suo)(suo)类反(fan)。
[疏]注“荆楚”至“蔡地”。
○正义曰:荆(jing)、楚(chu)(chu)(chu)一木二(er)名(ming),故(gu)以为(wei)国号亦得(de)二(er)名(ming)。终庄(zhuang)公之世,经皆(jie)书(shu)荆(jing)。僖(xi)之元年,乃书(shu)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)人伐郑,盖於尔时始改为(wei)楚(chu)(chu)(chu),以后(hou)常称(cheng)(cheng)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)也。他(ta)国虽将有(you)尊卑,师有(you)多少(shao),或称(cheng)(cheng)师,或称(cheng)(cheng)将,不得(de)直书(shu)国名(ming),史之书(shu)策承(cheng)彼告辞。此(ci)直称(cheng)(cheng)国,知(zhi)其告命之辞,未(wei)合典(dian)礼,故(gu)不称(cheng)(cheng)将帅(shuai)也。
以(yi)蔡(cai)侯献(xian)舞归(gui)。献(xian)舞,祭季。
[疏]“以蔡侯献舞归”。
○正义曰:《穀梁传》曰:“以(yi)归(gui),犹愈乎执(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。”杜(du)於(wu)(wu)隐(yin)七年注云(yun):“但言(yan)以(yi)归(gui),非执(zhi)也(ye)(ye)”。则以(yi)归(gui)者(zhe),直(zhi)将与其(qi)归(gui),不被(bei)囚执(zhi),其(qi)耻轻於(wu)(wu)执(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。《释例(li)·得(de)(de)获(huo)(huo)例(li)》曰:“敌国交兵,亦(yi)有兵器(qi)之获(huo)(huo),欲殊别君(jun)臣,故(gu)於(wu)(wu)君(jun)曰灭(mie)(mie),於(wu)(wu)臣曰获(huo)(huo)。国君(jun)者(zhe),社(she)稷(ji)之主,百姓之望,当与社(she)稷(ji)宗(zong)(zong)庙(miao)共其(qi)存亡(wang)(wang)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye),而见(jian)获(huo)(huo)於(wu)(wu)敌国,虽存若(ruo)(ruo)亡(wang)(wang),死之与生,皆(jie)与灭(mie)(mie)同。至於(wu)(wu)偏军元帅,君(jun)之臣仆,出(chu)身(shen)致(zhi)命,荣辱得(de)(de)失,自其(qi)常事(shi)。故(gu)传曰:胡子(zi)髡、沈子(zi)逞(cheng)灭(mie)(mie),获(huo)(huo)陈夏齧(nie)’,君(jun)臣之辞也(ye)(ye)。”如杜(du)此(ci)言(yan),师败身(shen)虏亦(yi)应称(cheng)灭(mie)(mie)。此(ci)不言(yan)灭(mie)(mie)。而云(yun)以(yi)归(gui)者(zhe),《释例(li)》所云(yun)据(ju)宗(zong)(zong)庙(miao)社(she)稷(ji)巳亡(wang)(wang),而君(jun)见(jian)获(huo)(huo)於(wu)(wu)敌,君(jun)身(shen)虽在(zai),与亡(wang)(wang)无(wu)异,皆(jie)以(yi)灭(mie)(mie)为(wei)文,则定六年“郑游速帅师灭(mie)(mie)许,以(yi)许男(nan)斯归(gui)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)社(she)稷(ji)宗(zong)(zong)庙(miao)不亡(wang)(wang),君(jun)身(shen)见(jian)获(huo)(huo)於(wu)(wu)敌,则云(yun)以(yi)归(gui),“此(ci)蔡侯(hou)献舞归(gui)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。刘炫云(yun)“在(zai)陈死,则称(cheng)灭(mie)(mie),以(yi)还(hai)者(zhe),则言(yan)以(yi)归(gui)”,以(yi)规杜(du)氏(shi),非也(ye)(ye)。
冬,十月,齐师灭谭。谭国在济南平陵县西南。传曰:“谭无礼。”此直释所以见灭。经无义例,他皆放此。灭例在文十五年。
○谭,徒南反。谭子奔莒(ju)。不(bu)言出(chu)奔,国灭无所出(chu)。
[疏]注“不言”至“所出”。
○正义曰:《公羊传》曰:“何以不(bu)言出?国巳灭矣,无所出也。”
【传】十年,春,齐师伐我。(不书侵伐,齐背蔇之盟,我有辞。)公将战,曹刿请见。(曹刿,鲁人。
○刿,古卫反(fan)。见,贤遍反(fan),下同。)
[疏]注“曹刿,鲁人”。
○正义曰:《史(shi)记(ji)》作“曹沬”,亦(yi)云(yun):“鲁人”。
其乡人曰:“肉食者谋之,又何间焉”。肉食,在位者。间犹与也。
○间,间厕之(zhi)间,注同。与音预(yu)。
[疏]注“肉食”至“与也”。
○正(zheng)义曰:《孟子(zi)》论庶人云(yun)(yun):“五(wu)(wu)亩之宅,树之以桑,五(wu)(wu)十者可以衣(yi)帛。鸡豚(tun)狗彘之畜,无(wu)失其时,七十者可以食(shi)(shi)肉。”是贱人不(bu)得食(shi)(shi)肉,故云(yun)(yun)在位(wei)者也。襄二十八(ba)年传说子(zi)雅、子(zi)尾之食(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)“公膳(shan)日双鸡”,昭(zhao)四年传说颁冰之法云(yun)(yun)“食(shi)(shi)肉之禄,冰皆(jie)与(yu)焉,大(da)夫命妇丧,浴(yu)用(yong)冰”。盖(gai)位(wei)为大(da)夫,乃得食(shi)(shi)肉也。间谓间杂,言不(bu)应间其中而为之谋,故云(yun)(yun)“间犹与(yu)也”。
刿(gui)曰(yue):“肉食者鄙(bi),未能远谋。”乃入(ru)见。问何以战?公曰(yue):“衣食所安,
[疏]“衣食所安”。
○正义(yi)曰:公意(yi)衣食二者,虽所以(yi)安(an)身,然亦不敢专巳有之,必以(yi)之分人(ren)。
弗敢专也,必以分人。”对曰:“小枯未徧,民弗从也。”分公衣食,所惠不过左右,故曰未徧。
○徧音遍(bian),注同。公曰:“牺牲(sheng)玉帛(bo),
[疏]“牺牲玉帛”。
○正(zheng)义曰:四(si)者皆祭神之(zhi)物。《曲礼》曰:“天子以(yi)牺(xi)牛(niu),诸侯以(yi)肥(fei)牛(niu)。”郑玄(xuan)云:“牺(xi),纯毛也(ye)(ye)。肥(fei),养於涤也(ye)(ye)。”然则牲谓三牲,牛(niu)、羊(yang)、豕也(ye)(ye)。牺(xi)者,牲之(zhi)纯色也(ye)(ye)。鲁自得(de)用(yong)天子之(zhi)礼,要牺(xi)牲相配之(zhi)语,未必为得(de)用(yong),乃言之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。
弗敢加也,必以信。”祝辞不敢以小为大,以恶为美。
○牺,许宜(yi)反。对曰:“小(xiao)信(xin)未孚(fu),神弗福也。”孚(fu),大信(xin)也。
[疏]注“孚大信也”。
○正义(yi)曰:孚亦信耳(er),以(yi)言“小信未孚”,故解孚为(wei)大信以(yi)形之。
公曰:“小大之狱,虽不能察,必以情。”必尽巳情。察,审也。对曰:“忠之属也,上思利民,忠也。
○属音蜀。
[疏]注“上思利民,忠也”。
○正义曰:桓六年传文也。言以情审(shen)察,不用使之(zhi)有枉,则是(shi)思欲利民,故为忠之(zhi)属也。
可以一战,战则请从。”公与之乘。共乘兵车。
○从,才用反。乘,绳证反。战于长勺,公将鼓之。刿曰:“未可。”齐人三鼓,刿曰:“可矣。”齐师败绩。公将驰之。刿曰:“未可。”下视其辙。视车迹也。
○三(san),息暂反,又如字(zi)。辙(zhe),直列(lie)反。登轼而(er)望之,
[疏]“登轼(shi)(shi)而(er)望之”。正义(yi)曰:《考工(gong)记(ji)》云:兵(bing)车(che)(che)(che)之广六尺(chi)有六寸(cun)三(san)分(fen)(fen),车(che)(che)(che)广去(qu)一(yi)以(yi)为隧(sui)(sui),隧(sui)(sui)谓(wei)舆(yu)内,前(qian)后(hou)深四(si)尺(chi)四(si)寸(cun)也。三(san)分(fen)(fen)其(qi)(qi)隧(sui)(sui),一(yi)在前(qian),二(er)(er)在后(hou),以(yi)揉其(qi)(qi)式。式在舆(yu)间,从前(qian)量之深一(yi)尺(chi)四(si)寸(cun)三(san)分(fen)(fen)寸(cun)之二(er)(er)也。以(yi)其(qi)(qi)广之半为之式崇,崇三(san)尺(chi)三(san)寸(cun)也。谓(wei)当(dang)车(che)(che)(che)舆(yu)之内,去(qu)前(qian)轸一(yi)尺(chi)四(si)寸(cun)三(san)分(fen)(fen)寸(cun)之二(er)(er),下去(qu)车(che)(che)(che)板(ban)三(san)尺(chi)三(san)寸(cun),横施一(yi)木名之曰轼(shi)(shi),得(de)使人立於其(qi)(qi)后(hou),时依倚(yi)之。曹刿登轼(shi)(shi),得(de)臣云君(jun)冯轼(shi)(shi),皆谓(wei)此(ci)也。
曰:“可矣。”遂逐齐师。既克,公问其故。对曰:“夫战,勇气也。一鼓作气,再而衰,三而竭。彼竭我盈,故克之。夫大国难测也。惧有伏焉。恐诈奔。
○轼音式。伏如字,旧扶又反。吾视其辙乱,望其旗靡,故逐之。”旗靡辙乱,怖遽。
○旗音其(qi)。靡音美。怖,普布反。遽,其(qi)据反。
夏,六月,齐师、宋师次于郎。公子偃曰:“宋师不整,可败也。公子偃,鲁大夫。宋败,齐必还,请击之。”公弗许。自雩门窃出,蒙皋比而先犯之。雩门,鲁南城门。皋比,虎皮。
○雩(yu)音于(yu)。比音毗,注同。
[疏]注“雩门”至“虎皮”。
○正义曰(yue):雩(yu)门(men),为鲁南(nan)城门(men)。盖时人犹以(yi)名之(zhi),故知也。僖(xi)二十(shi)八年传称(cheng)“胥臣蒙马以(yi)虎(hu)皮(pi)”,此云(yun)“蒙皋(gao)比而先犯之(zhi)”,事与彼同(tong)。知皋(gao)比是虎(hu)皮(pi)也。以(yi)胥臣之(zhi)事譬之(zhi),必知定是虎(hu)皮(pi),其名曰(yue)皋(gao)比,则其义未闻(wen)。《乐记(ji)》云(yun):“倒载干戈(ge),包之(zhi)以(yi)虎(hu)皮(pi),名之(zhi)曰(yue)建(jian)櫜。”郑玄以(yi)为兵甲之(zhi)衣曰(yue)櫜。櫜,韬也,而其字或作建(jian)皋(gao)。故服虔引以(yi)解此。
公从之,大败宋师于乘丘(qiu)。齐师乃还。
蔡(cai)哀(ai)侯娶于陈(chen),息侯亦(yi)娶焉(yan)。息妫将(jiang)归,过蔡(cai)。蔡(cai)侯曰:“吾姨也。”妻之姊妹曰姨。
[疏]注“妻之姊妹曰姨”。
○正义曰:《释亲》云“妻(qi)之姊妹同出(chu)为姨(yi)”,孙(sun)炎云“同出(chu),俱已(yi)嫁也”。
止而(er)见(jian)之(zhi),弗宾。不礼敬也。息侯闻之(zhi),怒,使(shi)谓楚(chu)(chu)(chu)文王曰:“伐我,吾求救於蔡而(er)伐之(zhi)。”楚(chu)(chu)(chu)子从之(zhi)。秋九月,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)败(bai)蔡师于莘(xin),以蔡侯献舞归。
齐侯之出也,过谭,谭不礼焉。及其入也,诸侯皆贺,谭又不至。以九年入。
○过,古禾反。冬(dong),齐(qi)师灭谭(tan),谭(tan)无(wu)礼(li)也。谭(tan)子奔(ben)莒(ju),同盟故也。传言(yan)谭(tan)不能及远,所以亡(wang)。