卷一 士冠礼第一
《仪礼疏》序。
○窃闻道本冲虚,非言(yan)无(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)表其(qi)疏(shu);言(yan)有(you)微妙,非释(shi)无(wu)(wu)能悟(wu)其(qi)理(li)。是(shi)知圣(sheng)人言(yan)曲事(shi)资,注(zhu)(zhu)释(shi)而成(cheng)。至於(wu)(wu)《周礼(li)(li)》、《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)》,发源是(shi)一,理(li)有(you)终始(shi),分为(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)部,并是(shi)周公摄政大(da)平之(zhi)书。《周礼(li)(li)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)末,《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)本。本则(ze)难明,末便易晓。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)《周礼(li)(li)》注(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe),则(ze)有(you)多门(men),《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)》所注(zhu)(zhu),后郑而已。其(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)章(zhang)疏(shu),则(ze)有(you)二(er)家(jia):信都(dou)黄庆者(zhe),齐之(zhi)盛德;李孟悊者(zhe),隋日硕儒(ru)。庆则(ze)举(ju)大(da)略(lve)(lve)小,经(jing)注(zhu)(zhu)疏(shu)漏,犹登山远(yuan)望而近不知;悊则(ze)举(ju)小略(lve)(lve)大(da),经(jing)注(zhu)(zhu)稍周,似入室近观而远(yuan)不察。二(er)家(jia)之(zhi)疏(shu),互有(you)修短。时(shi)之(zhi)所尚,李则(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)。案士冠(guan)三加(jia),有(you)缁(zi)布冠(guan)、皮(pi)弁(bian)、爵(jue)弁(bian),既冠(guan),又著玄冠(guan)见於(wu)(wu)君。有(you)此(ci)四(si)种(zhong)之(zhi)冠(guan),故(gu)记人下陈缁(zi)布冠(guan)、委(wei)貌(mao)、周弁(bian),以(yi)(yi)释(shi)经(jing)之(zhi)四(si)种(zhong)。经(jing)之(zhi)与记都(dou)无(wu)(wu)天子(zi)(zi)冠(guan)法,而李云(yun)委(wei)貌(mao)与弁(bian)皆天子(zi)(zi)始(shi)冠(guan)之(zhi)冠(guan),李之(zhi)谬也(ye)(ye)。《丧服(fu)》一篇,凶礼(li)(li)之(zhi)要,是(shi)以(yi)(yi)南北二(er)家(jia),章(zhang)疏(shu)甚多,时(shi)之(zhi)所以(yi)(yi),皆资黄氏。案郑注(zhu)(zhu)《丧服(fu)》引《礼(li)(li)记·檀弓》云(yun):绖(die)之(zhi)言(yan)实(shi)也(ye)(ye),明孝子(zi)(zi)有(you)忠实(shi)之(zhi)心(xin),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)制此(ci)服(fu)焉(yan)。则(ze)绖(die)之(zhi)所作,表心(xin)明矣(yi)。而黄氏妄云(yun):衰以(yi)(yi)表心(xin),绖(die)以(yi)(yi)表首(shou)。以(yi)(yi)黄氏公违(wei)郑注(zhu)(zhu),黄之(zhi)谬也(ye)(ye)。黄、李之(zhi)训,略(lve)(lve)言(yan)其(qi)一,馀足(zu)见矣(yi)。今以(yi)(yi)先(xian)儒(ru)失(shi)路,后宜易涂,故(gu)悉鄙情(qing),聊裁此(ci)疏(shu),未敢专欲,以(yi)(yi)诸(zhu)家(jia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)本,择善(shan)而从,兼增己义,仍取(qu)(qu)四(si)门(men)助教李玄植详(xiang)论可否(fou),佥(qian)谋已定(ding),庶可施以(yi)(yi)函(han)丈之(zhi)儒(ru),青衿之(zhi)俊(jun),幸以(yi)(yi)去瑕取(qu)(qu)玖(jiu),得无(wu)(wu)讥焉(yan)。
[疏]《士冠礼》第一。
○郑《目录》云:童子任职居士位,年二十而冠,主人玄冠朝服,则是於诸侯。天子之士,朝服皮弁素积。古者四民世事,士之子恒为士。冠礼於五礼属嘉礼,大、小《戴》及《别录》此皆第一。
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):郑(zheng)云(yun)“童子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)任(ren)职居士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)位,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。知(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),郑(zheng)见下(xia)(xia)《昏(hun)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》及《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)见》皆(jie)(jie)(jie)据(ju)(ju)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)自(zi)(zi)昏(hun)、自(zi)(zi)相(xiang)见。又(you)《大(da)(da)(da)戴(dai)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)·公(gong)(gong)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》篇(pian)及下(xia)(xia)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)造(zao),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)据(ju)(ju)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)身(shen)(shen)(shen)自(zi)(zi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),故郑(zheng)据(ju)(ju)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)自(zi)(zi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)云(yun)“四(si)(si)民人世事,士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)恒(heng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe),是(shi)(shi)《齐语(yu)》文(wen)。彼云(yun):“桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)谓管仲曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)何?’管子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)对曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘四(si)(si)民勿杂处(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’公(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘处(chu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、农、工(gong)(gong)、商(shang)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)何?’管子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)对曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘昔圣王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)闲燕也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),处(chu)工(gong)(gong)就(jiu)官府也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),处(chu)商(shang)就(jiu)市(shi)井(jing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),处(chu)农就(jiu)田野也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。少而(er)(er)习(xi)焉(yan),其心(xin)安焉(yan)。是(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)民世事,士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)恒(heng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),证此士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)法。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),则(ze)(ze)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)彊而(er)(er)仕,何得有(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)(zi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)者(zhe),郑(zheng)据(ju)(ju)《曲礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》文(wen)“二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)弱冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”,故云(yun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。其大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)始仕者(zhe),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),讫五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乃爵命为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),故大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)无(wu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。又(you)案《丧(sang)服(fu)·小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功章》云(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昆弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长殇(shang)(shang)”,郑(zheng)云(yun):“大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昆弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长殇(shang)(shang),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功谓为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)不(bu)(bu)仕者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)此知(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)无(wu)殇(shang)(shang)服(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)记(ji)(ji)》云(yun):“丈夫(fu)(fu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)殇(shang)(shang)。”大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)身(shen)(shen)(shen)已加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),降兄殇(shang)(shang)在(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功,是(shi)(shi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)有(you)德(de)行,得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)始冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)则(ze)(ze)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)而(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),故《左(zuo)传(chuan)》襄九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian):“晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)与(yu)(yu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伐郑(zheng),还,公(gong)(gong)送(song)晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),以(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)宴于河上(shang)。问(wen)公(gong)(gong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),季武子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)对曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘会(hui)于沙(sha)(sha)随之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁,寡(gua)君(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)生。’注云(yun):沙(sha)(sha)随在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)矣(yi),是(shi)(shi)谓一(yi)终,一(yi)星终也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。国君(jun)(jun)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)生子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)而(er)(er)生子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。君(jun)(jun)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)矣(yi)。’”是(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)而(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)同(tong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)而(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),故《尚书(shu)·金縢》云(yun)“王与(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)尽弁(bian)(bian)”,时成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)王年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu),云(yun)王与(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)尽弁(bian)(bian),则(ze)(ze)知(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)而(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)矣(yi)。又(you)《大(da)(da)(da)戴(dai)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun):“文(wen)王十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)生伯邑考。”《左(zuo)传(chuan)》云(yun):“冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)而(er)(er)生子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)殷(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)而(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)与(yu)(yu)殷(yin)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)而(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。可知(zhi)(zhi)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)则(ze)(ze)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。故《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)·祭(ji)法》云(yun)“王下(xia)(xia)祭(ji)殇(shang)(shang)五(wu)(wu)”。又(you)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)·檀弓》云(yun):“君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適长殇(shang)(shang),车三(san)(san)(san)乘。”是(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)已下(xia)(xia)乃为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)殇(shang)(shang),故二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乃冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)矣(yi)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),自(zi)(zi)有(you)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),故《大(da)(da)(da)戴(dai)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》有(you)《公(gong)(gong)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》篇(pian),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)自(zi)(zi)然有(you)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),但《仪礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)亡耳。士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既三(san)(san)(san)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)早(zao)(zao)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)者(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)依士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)三(san)(san)(san)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)则(ze)(ze)多矣(yi)。故《大(da)(da)(da)戴(dai)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)·公(gong)(gong)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》篇(pian)云(yun)“公(gong)(gong)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)四(si)(si)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)”者(zhe),缁布(bu)、皮弁(bian)(bian)、爵弁(bian)(bian)后加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)玄冕。天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),后当加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)衮冕矣(yi)。案下(xia)(xia)文(wen)云(yun):“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)犹士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)无(wu)生而(er)(er)贵者(zhe)。”则(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)虽早(zao)(zao)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)用士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)而(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。案《家语(yu)·冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)颂》云(yun):“王大(da)(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),拟冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。”则(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)元(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)拟诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)四(si)(si)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)然,诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)得四(si)(si)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),与(yu)(yu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)三(san)(san)(san)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)可知(zhi)(zhi)。郑(zheng)又(you)云(yun)“冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)於五(wu)(wu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)属嘉(jia)(jia)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe),郑(zheng)据(ju)(ju)《周礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》大(da)(da)(da)宗伯所掌五(wu)(wu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),吉(ji)、凶、宾、军、嘉(jia)(jia)而(er)(er)言(yan)。《宗伯》云(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)嘉(jia)(jia)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)亲万民”,下(xia)(xia)云(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)昏(hun)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)亲成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)男女”,是(shi)(shi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)属嘉(jia)(jia)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)又(you)云(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)戴(dai)及《别录(lu)(lu)》此皆(jie)(jie)(jie)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)”者(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)戴(dai),戴(dai)圣,与(yu)(yu)刘向为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《别录(lu)(lu)》十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)篇(pian),次第(di)(di)(di)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)《冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi),《昏(hun)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)见》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san),自(zi)(zi)兹以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),篇(pian)次则(ze)(ze)异。故郑(zheng)云(yun)大(da)(da)(da)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)《戴(dai)》、《别录(lu)(lu)》即(ji)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其刘向《别录(lu)(lu)》,即(ji)此十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)篇(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)尊(zun)卑吉(ji)凶次第(di)(di)(di)伦(lun)叙,故郑(zheng)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。至於大(da)(da)(da)戴(dai)即(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)四(si)(si),《既夕》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu),《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虞》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)六(liu)(liu),《特牲》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)七(qi)(qi)(qi),《少牢(lao)(lao)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)八,《有(you)司彻》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)九(jiu),《乡(xiang)饮酒》第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),《乡(xiang)射(she)》第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi),《燕礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),《大(da)(da)(da)射(she)》第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san),《聘(pin)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si),《公(gong)(gong)食(shi)》第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu),《觐礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu),《丧(sang)服(fu)》第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)戴(dai)於《乡(xiang)饮》、《乡(xiang)射(she)》、《燕礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》、《大(da)(da)(da)射(she)》四(si)(si)篇(pian)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)依此《别录(lu)(lu)》次第(di)(di)(di),而(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虞》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)八,《丧(sang)服(fu)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)九(jiu),《特牲》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),《少牢(lao)(lao)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi),《有(you)司彻》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),《丧(sang)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san),《既夕》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si),《聘(pin)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu),《公(gong)(gong)食(shi)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu),《觐礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)。皆(jie)(jie)(jie)尊(zun)卑吉(ji)凶杂乱(luan),故郑(zheng)玄皆(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。
仪礼。
[疏]“仪礼”。
○释曰:《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)》者(zhe)(zhe),一(yi)部之(zhi)(zhi)大名(ming);《士(shi)冠(guan)》者(zhe)(zhe),当篇之(zhi)(zhi)小号。退大名(ming)在下者(zhe)(zhe),取配注(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)意故(gu)(gu)(gu)也。然《周礼(li)(li)(li)》言(yan)(yan)周不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)仪(yi),《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)》言(yan)(yan)仪(yi)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)周,既同是(shi)周公(gong)摄政(zheng)六年所制。题号不(bu)(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe),《周礼(li)(li)(li)》取别夏(xia)、殷,故(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)周;《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)》不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)周者(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见兼有(you)(you)异代之(zhi)(zhi)法,故(gu)(gu)(gu)此(ci)篇有(you)(you)醮用(yong)酒,《燕(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)》云诸(zhu)公(gong),《士(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)(li)》云商祝、夏(xia)祝,是(shi)兼夏(xia)、殷,故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)周。又《周礼(li)(li)(li)》是(shi)统(tong)心,《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)》是(shi)履(lv)践(jian),外内相(xiang)因,首(shou)尾(wei)是(shi)一(yi)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)《周礼(li)(li)(li)》已言(yan)(yan)周,《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)》不(bu)(bu)须言(yan)(yan)周,同可知矣。且《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)》亦名(ming)《曲礼(li)(li)(li)》,故(gu)(gu)(gu)《礼(li)(li)(li)器》云:“经礼(li)(li)(li)三(san)百,曲礼(li)(li)(li)三(san)千。”郑注(zhu)云:“曲犹事也,事礼(li)(li)(li)谓(wei)今礼(li)(li)(li)也。其中事仪(yi)三(san)千。”言(yan)(yan)仪(yi)者(zhe)(zhe),见行事有(you)(you)威仪(yi);言(yan)(yan)曲者(zhe)(zhe),见行事有(you)(you)屈曲。故(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)二名(ming)也。
郑氏注。
[疏]“郑氏注”。
○释曰:《后汉书》云(yun):“郑玄,字康成,青(qing)州北海郡高(gao)密县人(ren),郑崇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后也(ye)。”言“注”者(zhe)(zhe),注义(yi)(yi)於经下,若水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)注物(wu),亦(yi)名(ming)为(wei)(wei)著(zhu)(zhu)。故郑叙云(yun):“凡(fan)著(zhu)(zhu)《三礼(li)(li)》七十二篇。”云(yun)著(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe),取著(zhu)(zhu)明经义(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。孔子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)言传者(zhe)(zhe),取传述之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。为(wei)(wei)意(yi)不(bu)同,故题目(mu)有异也(ye)。但(dan)《周礼(li)(li)》六(liu)官六(liu)十,叙官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,事(shi)急(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian),不(bu)问官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大小(xiao)。《仪(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)》见其行事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,贱者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian),故以(yi)(yi)《士(shi)冠(guan)》为(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian)。无大夫冠(guan)礼(li)(li),诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)冠(guan)次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),天子(zi)冠(guan)又次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其《昏礼(li)(li)》亦(yi)士(shi)为(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian),大夫次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),天子(zi)为(wei)(wei)后。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)乡(xiang)饮酒为(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian),天子(zi)乡(xiang)饮酒次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乡(xiang)射、燕礼(li)(li)已(yi)下皆然(ran)。又以(yi)(yi)《冠(guan)》、《昏》、《士(shi)相见》为(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian)后者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)二十而冠(guan),三十而娶(qu),四十强而仕,即有挚(zhi)见乡(xiang)大夫、见己君及见来朝诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,又为(wei)(wei)乡(xiang)大夫、州长行乡(xiang)饮酒、乡(xiang)射之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)已(yi)下,先(xian)(xian)吉后凶,尽则行祭祀、吉礼(li)(li),次叙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,其义(yi)(yi)可知。略陈《仪(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)》元本,至於礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大义(yi)(yi),备於《礼(li)(li)记疏》。
士冠礼(li)。筮(shi)于庙(miao)(miao)门。筮(shi)者(zhe),以(yi)蓍(shi)问日(ri)吉(ji)凶於(wu)《易》也(ye)。冠必筮(shi)日(ri)於(wu)庙(miao)(miao)门者(zhe),重以(yi)成人之礼(li)成子孙也(ye)。庙(miao)(miao),谓祢(mi)庙(miao)(miao)。不於(wu)堂者(zhe),嫌蓍(shi)之灵由庙(miao)(miao)神。
[疏]“士冠”至“庙门”。
○释曰:自此至“宗人告事毕”一节,论将行冠礼,先筮取日之事。案下文云“布席于门中,闑西阈外”者,闑为门限,即是门外。故《特牲礼》筮日,主人即位於门外西面。此不言门外者,阈外之文可参,故省文也。
○注“筮者”至“庙神”。
○释曰(yue):郑知筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蓍(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《曲(qu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)曰(yue)卜(bu),蓍(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蓍(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“问(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)日吉(ji)凶(xiong)(xiong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)《易》也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)吉(ji),则(ze)(ze)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)远日,如初仪”;又案(an)《周礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》大卜(bu)掌(zhang)《三(san)易》,一曰(yue)《连山》,二曰(yue)《归藏》,三(san)曰(yue)《周易》;筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)得卦(gua),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《易》辞占吉(ji)凶(xiong)(xiong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)问(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)日吉(ji)凶(xiong)(xiong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)《易》也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《夏小正》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“二月绥多士(shi)女,冠(guan)(guan)子取妻(qi)时也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”既(ji)有(you)常月,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“冠(guan)(guan)必筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)门(men)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)(cheng)子孙(sun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《冠(guan)(guan)义》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宾,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)敬(jing)(jing)冠(guan)(guan)事(shi)(shi)。敬(jing)(jing)冠(guan)(guan)事(shi)(shi),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)。”是(shi)(shi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日为(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《冠(guan)(guan)义》又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)冠(guan)(guan)。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)冠(guan)(guan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)。行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尊重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)(shi)。尊重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)(shi),而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢擅(shan)(shan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)(shi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢擅(shan)(shan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)(shi),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)卑而尊先祖也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)(cheng)子孙(sun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)经唯论(lun)父(fu)子、兄弟,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言祖孙(sun)。郑兼言孙(sun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),家事(shi)(shi)统(tong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)尊,若(ruo)祖在则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)冠(guan)(guan)主,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)兼孙(sun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“庙(miao)(miao)(miao)谓(wei)(wei)祢(mi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《昏礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》行事(shi)(shi)皆直(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),《记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡行事(shi)(shi),受(shou)诸祢(mi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)”,此(ci)(ci)经亦(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知亦(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)祢(mi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)《仪礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内单言庙(miao)(miao)(miao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆是(shi)(shi)祢(mi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),若(ruo)非祢(mi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),则(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)名(ming)别之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《聘礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“宾朝服(fu)问(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)卿(qing),卿(qing)受(shou)于(yu)祖庙(miao)(miao)(miao)。”又受(shou)聘在始祖庙(miao)(miao)(miao),即云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)腆(tian)先君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祧(tiao)(tiao)”,是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),举祖祧(tiao)(tiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)别之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。士(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),若(ruo)天(tian)子、诸侯冠(guan)(guan),在始祖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)襄九年季(ji)武子云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祧(tiao)(tiao)处(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,祧(tiao)(tiao)则(ze)(ze)与(yu)《聘礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》先君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祧(tiao)(tiao)谓(wei)(wei)迁主所(suo)(suo)藏始祖同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran),服(fu)虔(qian)注以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祧(tiao)(tiao)为(wei)(wei)曾(ceng)祖者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其公(gong)还及(ji)卫,冠(guan)(guan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)卫成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)。服(fu)注:“成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong),卫曾(ceng)祖。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祧(tiao)(tiao)为(wei)(wei)曾(ceng)祖庙(miao)(miao)(miao)。时不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)冠(guan)(guan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)卫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始祖,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)非已庙(miao)(miao)(miao)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。无(wu)大夫冠(guan)(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),若(ruo)幼而冠(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),与(yu)士(shi)同(tong)在祢(mi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)堂(tang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),嫌(xian)蓍(shi)(shi)(shi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灵(ling)(ling)由庙(miao)(miao)(miao)神(shen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)据经冠(guan)(guan)在庙(miao)(miao)(miao)堂(tang),此(ci)(ci)蓍(shi)(shi)(shi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在门(men)外,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)处(chu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)决堂(tang)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蓍(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)有(you)灵(ling)(ling),知吉(ji)凶(xiong)(xiong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)假庙(miao)(miao)(miao)神(shen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)嫌(xian)蓍(shi)(shi)(shi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灵(ling)(ling)由庙(miao)(miao)(miao)神(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《天(tian)府职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“季(ji)冬,陈(chen)玉,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贞来岁(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美恶。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“问(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)岁(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美恶,谓(wei)(wei)问(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)於(wu)(wu)(wu)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。”凡卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),实问(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)於(wu)(wu)(wu)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen),龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能出(chu)其卦(gua)兆(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占耳。若(ruo)然(ran),卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)实问(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)七八九六(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)六(liu)玉礼(li)(li)(li)(li)耳。而龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)能出(chu)其卦(gua)兆(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占,似(si)无(wu)灵(ling)(ling)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),各有(you)所(suo)(suo)对(dui)。若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蓍(shi)(shi)(shi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)对(dui)生数(shu)、成(cheng)(cheng)数(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen),则(ze)(ze)蓍(shi)(shi)(shi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)直(zhi)(zhi)能出(chu)卦(gua)兆(zhao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得有(you)神(shen)。若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卦(gua)对(dui)生成(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen),则(ze)(ze)蓍(shi)(shi)(shi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)亦(yi)(yi)自(zi)有(you)神(shen)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《易·系(xi)辞》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“蓍(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)圆(yuan)而神(shen)”,又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“定(ding)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)凶(xiong)(xiong),成(cheng)(cheng)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亹亹者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),莫(mo)善(shan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)蓍(shi)(shi)(shi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。”又郭璞云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“上有(you)荫丛蓍(shi)(shi)(shi),下有(you)千龄(ling)蔡(cai)。”凡虫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)智,莫(mo)善(shan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui);凡草之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灵(ling)(ling),莫(mo)善(shan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)蓍(shi)(shi)(shi)。蓍(shi)(shi)(shi)、龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)自(zi)有(you)灵(ling)(ling)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)蓍(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)有(you)神(shen),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)假庙(miao)(miao)(miao)神(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)寝门(men)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),一取成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)(cheng)子孙(sun),二兼取鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《易·系(xi)辞》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“人(ren)(ren)谋鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)谋”,郑注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)谋,谓(wei)(wei)谋卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)门(men)。”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
主(zhu)人玄冠(guan),朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu),缁(zi)(zi)带(dai),素(su)韠,即位于门东(dong),西面。主(zhu)人,将冠(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)之父兄也。玄冠(guan),委貌也。朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),十(shi)五(wu)(wu)升布衣而(er)素(su)裳也。衣不言色(se)者(zhe)(zhe),衣与(yu)(yu)冠(guan)同也。筮必(bi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),尊蓍龟之道。缁(zi)(zi)带(dai),黑(hei)(hei)缯带(dai)。士带(dai)博二寸(cun)(cun),再缭四寸(cun)(cun),屈垂三(san)尺(chi)(chi)。素(su)韠,白韦韠,长(zhang)三(san)尺(chi)(chi),上(shang)广一尺(chi)(chi),下广二尺(chi)(chi),其(qi)颈五(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun),肩革带(dai)博二寸(cun)(cun)。天子(zi)与(yu)(yu)其(qi)臣,玄冕以视(shi)朔,皮(pi)弁(bian)以日(ri)视(shi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。诸(zhu)侯与(yu)(yu)其(qi)臣,皮(pi)弁(bian)以视(shi)朔,朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)以日(ri)视(shi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。凡(fan)染黑(hei)(hei),五(wu)(wu)入(ru)(ru)为緅,七入(ru)(ru)为缁(zi)(zi),玄则六入(ru)(ru)与(yu)(yu)?
[疏]“主人”至“西面”。
○释曰:此主人将欲谋日之时,先服,即位於祢庙门外,东西而立,以待筮事也。
○注“主人”至“八与”。
○释(shi)曰:经(jing)(jing)直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren),当是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)加冠(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)。知(zhi)兼(jian)有兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“出则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)事(shi)(shi)公卿,入(ru)(ru)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)事(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)。”父(fu)(fu)(fu)兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),一(yi)家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)统,父(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)可知(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)兼(jian)其兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)案(an)(an)下(xia)(xia)文(wen)“若(ruo)孤子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)父(fu)(fu)(fu)兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)戒宿。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)紒而(er)迎宾(bin)(bin)(bin)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无亲(qin)父(fu)(fu)(fu)亲(qin)兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)彼(bi)(bi)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“父(fu)(fu)(fu)、兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong),诸父(fu)(fu)(fu)、诸兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)迎宾(bin)(bin)(bin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亲(qin)父(fu)(fu)(fu)、亲(qin)兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冠(guan)(guan)(guan),委貌”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冠(guan)(guan)(guan),下(xia)(xia)记云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)委貌,彼(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)委貌,见(jian)(jian)其安正容体(ti);此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冠(guan)(guan)(guan),见(jian)(jian)其色(se)(se)(se);实一(yi)物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),十五升布衣(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《杂(za)(za)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)十五升”,布也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)裳(shang)(shang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),虽经(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)裳(shang)(shang),裳(shang)(shang)与(yu)(yu)(yu)韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)色(se)(se)(se),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)裳(shang)(shang)亦(yi)积(ji)白素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)绢为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“衣(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)(se)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),衣(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通例(li),衣(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)色(se)(se)(se),故(gu)(gu)(gu)《郊特牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“黄衣(yi)(yi)黄冠(guan)(guan)(guan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。裳(shang)(shang)与(yu)(yu)(yu)韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)色(se)(se)(se),故(gu)(gu)(gu)下(xia)(xia)爵(jue)(jue)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、纁(xun)裳(shang)(shang)、韎韐,韎韐即(ji)纁(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。经(jing)(jing)直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)(se),与(yu)(yu)(yu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然,郑(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)裳(shang)(shang)与(yu)(yu)(yu)韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)色(se)(se)(se)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),举衣(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),裳(shang)(shang)与(yu)(yu)(yu)韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),亦(yi)明知(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其衣(yi)(yi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)色(se)(se)(se)异,经(jing)(jing)即(ji)别言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)爵(jue)(jue)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)纯衣(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“筮(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),尊(zun)(zun)(zun)蓍(shi)(shi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)决正冠(guan)(guan)(guan)时,主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)端(duan)爵(jue)(jue)韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)此(ci)(ci)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)蓍(shi)(shi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然,下(xia)(xia)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)有司(si)如主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),又(you)宿宾(bin)(bin)(bin),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)如主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),又(you)宿赞(zan)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),及(ji)夕为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)期,皆(jie)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)蓍(shi)(shi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《乡饮酒(jiu)》主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)有司(si)、宾(bin)(bin)(bin)主(zhu)(zhu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),自是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)寻常相(xiang)见(jian)(jian)所(suo)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),非特相(xiang)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)。此(ci)(ci)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),决正冠(guan)(guan)(guan)时与(yu)(yu)(yu)。士(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭礼(li)(li)(li),入(ru)(ru)庙(miao)(miao)常服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)端(duan)。今此(ci)(ci)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)亦(yi)在(zai)庙(miao)(miao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)端(duan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)蓍(shi)(shi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。此(ci)(ci)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)唯有蓍(shi)(shi)草,言(yan)(yan)(yan)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《周礼(li)(li)(li)》小事(shi)(shi)徒(tu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi);若(ruo)大(da)事(shi)(shi),先筮(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)后(hou)卜。龟(gui)(gui)(gui)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)将之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物,同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)著朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)兼(jian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《杂(za)(za)记》卜筮(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)《特牲礼(li)(li)(li)》筮(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)与(yu)(yu)(yu)祭同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)端(duan),《少牢》筮(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)与(yu)(yu)(yu)祭同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)特尊(zun)(zun)(zun)蓍(shi)(shi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。彼(bi)(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祭事(shi)(shi),龟(gui)(gui)(gui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可尊(zun)(zun)(zun)於先祖(zu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。此(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)事(shi)(shi),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)事(shi)(shi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)可尊(zun)(zun)(zun)於子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙,故(gu)(gu)(gu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“缁(zi)(zi)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),黑(hei)(hei)缯带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《玉藻(zao)(zao)(zao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君(jun)(jun)(jun)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),终(zhong)裨(bi)(bi)(bi)。大(da)夫(fu)(fu)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),裨(bi)(bi)(bi)垂(chui)(chui)。士(shi)(shi)(shi)练(lian)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),率下(xia)(xia)裨(bi)(bi)(bi)”。注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)夫(fu)(fu)裨(bi)(bi)(bi)其纽及(ji)末,士(shi)(shi)(shi)裨(bi)(bi)(bi)其末而(er)已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“杂(za)(za)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),君(jun)(jun)(jun)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)绿,大(da)夫(fu)(fu)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)华,士(shi)(shi)(shi)缁(zi)(zi)裨(bi)(bi)(bi)”。郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“君(jun)(jun)(jun)裨(bi)(bi)(bi)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)上以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),下(xia)(xia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)绿终(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。大(da)夫(fu)(fu)裨(bi)(bi)(bi)垂(chui)(chui)外以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),内以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)华。士(shi)(shi)(shi)裨(bi)(bi)(bi)垂(chui)(chui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia),外内皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缁(zi)(zi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)缁(zi)(zi)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)。”郑(zheng)彼(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),指此(ci)(ci)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然,天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、诸侯(hou)(hou)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)绕腰及(ji)垂(chui)(chui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)裨(bi)(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。大(da)夫(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)裨(bi)(bi)(bi)其绕腰者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),直(zhi)裨(bi)(bi)(bi)垂(chui)(chui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三尺(chi)(chi)屈(qu)而(er)垂(chui)(chui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。士(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)裨(bi)(bi)(bi)其末绕三尺(chi)(chi),所(suo)垂(chui)(chui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)裨(bi)(bi)(bi),在(zai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)若(ruo)然。大(da)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)所(suo)用(yong)物:大(da)夫(fu)(fu)已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上用(yong)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su);士(shi)(shi)(shi)练(lian)缯为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)体(ti),所(suo)裨(bi)(bi)(bi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)用(yong)缁(zi)(zi)。则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)缁(zi)(zi),据裨(bi)(bi)(bi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“士(shi)(shi)(shi)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)博(bo)二(er)寸,再(zai)缭四寸,屈(qu)垂(chui)(chui)三尺(chi)(chi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)亦(yi)《玉藻(zao)(zao)(zao)》文(wen)。大(da)夫(fu)(fu)已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上大(da)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)博(bo)四寸。此(ci)(ci)士(shi)(shi)(shi)卑(bei)降(jiang)於大(da)夫(fu)(fu)已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上,博(bo)二(er)寸,再(zai)缭共为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四寸,屈(qu)垂(chui)(chui)三尺(chi)(chi)。则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上亦(yi)屈(qu)垂(chui)(chui)三尺(chi)(chi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)矣(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),白韦(wei)韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《玉藻(zao)(zao)(zao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),君(jun)(jun)(jun)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),大(da)夫(fu)(fu)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su),士(shi)(shi)(shi)爵(jue)(jue)韦(wei)。”彼(bi)(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)总(zong)目(mu),而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)君(jun)(jun)(jun)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),大(da)夫(fu)(fu)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su),士(shi)(shi)(shi)爵(jue)(jue)韦(wei),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)色(se)(se)(se)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。下(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)韦(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)、大(da)夫(fu)(fu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)韦(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)彼(bi)(bi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)端(duan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),此(ci)(ci)士(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)韦(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)白韦(wei)韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),长三尺(chi)(chi)”至“博(bo)二(er)寸”,亦(yi)皆(jie)《玉藻(zao)(zao)(zao)》文(wen)。郑(zheng)彼(bi)(bi)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“颈五寸,亦(yi)谓(wei)(wei)广(guang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。颈中央、肩两角(jiao)皆(jie)上接革带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),肩与(yu)(yu)(yu)革带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)广(guang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。”此(ci)(ci)韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)即(ji)黻(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祭服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黻(fu),朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)韠(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)其臣(chen),玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)视朔(shuo)(shuo),皮弁(bian)(bian)(bian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)视朝(chao)(chao)(chao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)约《玉藻(zao)(zao)(zao)》而(er)知(zhi)。案(an)(an)彼(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)端(duan),“听(ting)朔(shuo)(shuo)於南(nan)门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外”,“皮弁(bian)(bian)(bian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)视朝(chao)(chao)(chao)”。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)诸侯(hou)(hou)“皮弁(bian)(bian)(bian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)听(ting)朔(shuo)(shuo)於大(da)庙(miao)(miao),朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)视朝(chao)(chao)(chao)於内朝(chao)(chao)(chao)”,彼(bi)(bi)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“端(duan)当为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)冕(mian)(mian)。”谓(wei)(wei)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)听(ting)朔(shuo)(shuo)於南(nan)门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外、明堂(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。彼(bi)(bi)皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)臣(chen),此(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)兼(jian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)臣(chen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见(jian)(jian)在(zai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证此(ci)(ci)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而(er)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)。则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)诸侯(hou)(hou)与(yu)(yu)(yu)其臣(chen)与(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)加冠(guan)(guan)(guan),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)皮弁(bian)(bian)(bian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)其臣(chen)与(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)加冠(guan)(guan)(guan),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)矣(yi)。知(zhi)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)、诸侯(hou)(hou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)皮弁(bian)(bian)(bian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)既取君(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),明筮(shi)(shi)(shi)时还(hai)君(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。若(ruo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)用(yong)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)、诸侯(hou)(hou)用(yong)皮弁(bian)(bian)(bian),其臣(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得上同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)于君(jun)(jun)(jun),君(jun)(jun)(jun)下(xia)(xia)就(jiu)臣(chen)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)黑(hei)(hei),五入(ru)(ru)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)緅(zou),七入(ru)(ru)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)缁(zi)(zi),玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)六入(ru)(ru)与(yu)(yu)(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《尔雅》一(yi)染(ran)(ran)(ran)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縓,再(zai)染(ran)(ran)(ran)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赪,三染(ran)(ran)(ran)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纁(xun)。”此(ci)(ci)三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)染(ran)(ran)(ran)赤法(fa)。《周礼(li)(li)(li)·锺氏》染(ran)(ran)(ran)鸟(niao)羽云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“三入(ru)(ru)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)纁(xun),五入(ru)(ru)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)緅(zou),七入(ru)(ru)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)缁(zi)(zi)。”此(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)染(ran)(ran)(ran)黑(hei)(hei)法(fa),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)凡(fan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)黑(hei)(hei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)《尔雅》及(ji)《周礼(li)(li)(li)》无四入(ru)(ru)与(yu)(yu)(yu)六入(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),《礼(li)(li)(li)》有色(se)(se)(se)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色(se)(se)(se),故(gu)(gu)(gu)注(zhu)此(ci)(ci)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)六入(ru)(ru),下(xia)(xia)经(jing)(jing)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)四入(ru)(ru),无正文(wen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“与(yu)(yu)(yu)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但(dan)《论语》有绀緅(zou)连文(wen),绀又(you)在(zai)緅(zou)上,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)纁(xun)入(ru)(ru)赤为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)纁(xun)入(ru)(ru)黑(hei)(hei)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)绀。故(gu)(gu)(gu)《淮南(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)染(ran)(ran)(ran)緅(zou)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)黑(hei)(hei)于。”又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)绀入(ru)(ru)黑(hei)(hei)汁则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)緅(zou),故(gu)(gu)(gu)绀緅(zou)连言(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然,玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六入(ru)(ru),缁(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七入(ru)(ru),深(shen)浅不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。而(er)郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)衣(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缁(zi)(zi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)色(se)(se)(se)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)小异,皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
有司如主(zhu)人服,即位于西(xi)方,东面,北(bei)上。有司,群吏(li)(li)有事(shi)者,谓主(zhu)人之吏(li)(li),所自辟除,府史以下(xia),今时卒吏(li)(li)及假吏(li)(li)是也(ye)。
[疏]“有司”至“北上”。
○释曰:此论主人有司从主人有事,故立位于庙门外西方,东面以待事也。
○注“有司”至“是也”。
○释曰:士(shi)虽无(wu)(wu)臣(chen),皆有(you)(you)属(shu)(shu)吏(li)(li)(li)、胥徒及仆隶,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“有(you)(you)司,群(qun)吏(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)事(shi)者(zhe)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“谓主人之吏(li)(li)(li),所自(zi)辟除,府(fu)史(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下”者(zhe),案(an)《周礼》三百六十(shi)官之下,皆有(you)(you)府(fu)史(shi)(shi)胥徒,不(bu)得君(jun)命,主人自(zi)辟除,去(qu)役赋,补置之,是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又案(an)《周礼》皆云(yun)(yun)府(fu)史(shi)(shi),此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)群(qun)吏(li)(li)(li),吏(li)(li)(li)、史(shi)(shi)亦一也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)举汉(han)法为(wei)证。又《周礼》郑注云(yun)(yun):“官长所自(zi)辟除。”此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)主人者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)主人,故(gu)(gu)依经(jing)而直云(yun)(yun)主人,主亦为(wei)长者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又此(ci)(ci)注以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)司为(wei)群(qun)吏(li)(li)(li),案(an)《特牲》以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)司为(wei)士(shi)属(shu)(shu)吏(li)(li)(li),不(bu)同者(zhe),言群(qun)吏(li)(li)(li)则为(wei)府(fu)吏(li)(li)(li)胥徒也(ye)(ye)(ye);言属(shu)(shu)吏(li)(li)(li)则谓君(jun)命之士(shi)。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)下文(wen)“宿赞(zan)冠者(zhe)”注云(yun)(yun):“谓宾(bin)若他官之属(shu)(shu),中士(shi)若下士(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又主人赞(zan)者(zhe),亦云(yun)(yun)“其属(shu)(shu)中士(shi)若下士(shi)”,是言属(shu)(shu)者(zhe)尊之义。《特牲》之“有(you)(you)司,士(shi)之属(shu)(shu)吏(li)(li)(li)”亦亲类(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《特牲》有(you)(you)司之上有(you)(you)子姓(xing),此(ci)(ci)文(wen)无(wu)(wu)者(zhe),彼祭(ji)祀事(shi)重,故(gu)(gu)子姓(xing)皆来;此(ci)(ci)冠事(shi)稍轻,故(gu)(gu)容有(you)(you)不(bu)至,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)言。
筮(shi)与席、所(suo)卦者,具(ju)(ju)馔于西塾。筮(shi),所(suo)以(yi)问吉凶,谓蓍也。所(suo)卦者,所(suo)以(yi)画地记爻,《易(yi)》曰:“六(liu)画而成卦。”馔,陈也。具(ju)(ju),俱也。西塾,门(men)外(wai)西堂也。
[疏]“筮与”至“西塾”。
○释曰:下云“布席于门中闑西阈外”,彼据筮。此云西塾,据陈处。
○注“筮所”至“堂也”。
○释曰(yue)(yue):“筮(shi),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)问(wen)吉凶,谓蓍(shi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《曲礼(li)(li)》云(yun):“龟为(wei)(wei)(wei)卜,策为(wei)(wei)(wei)筮(shi)。”故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)问(wen)吉凶谓蓍(shi)。案《易(yi)》筮(shi)法(fa)用(yong)四十(shi)九(jiu)蓍(shi),“分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)二以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)两(liang),卦(gua)(gua)(gua)一(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)三,揲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)四时。归奇于扐(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)闰(run)”,“十(shi)有(you)八(ba)变而成卦(gua)(gua)(gua)”是也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“所卦(gua)(gua)(gua)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)画(hua)(hua)(hua)地(di)记爻”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),筮(shi)法(fa),依七(qi)八(ba)九(jiu)六(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爻而记之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),但(dan)古(gu)用(yong)木(mu)画(hua)(hua)(hua)地(di),今则(ze)用(yong)钱(qian)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三少为(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)钱(qian),重(zhong)钱(qian)则(ze)九(jiu)也(ye)(ye)。三多为(wei)(wei)(wei)交(jiao)钱(qian),交(jiao)钱(qian)则(ze)六(liu)也(ye)(ye)。两(liang)多一(yi)少为(wei)(wei)(wei)单(dan)钱(qian),单(dan)钱(qian)则(ze)七(qi)也(ye)(ye)。两(liang)少一(yi)多为(wei)(wei)(wei)拆(chai)钱(qian),拆(chai)钱(qian)则(ze)八(ba)也(ye)(ye)。案《少牢》云(yun):“卦(gua)(gua)(gua)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)左坐,卦(gua)(gua)(gua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)木(mu)。”故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)画(hua)(hua)(hua)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)木(mu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“《易(yi)》曰(yue)(yue)六(liu)画(hua)(hua)(hua)而成卦(gua)(gua)(gua)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《说卦(gua)(gua)(gua)》文,彼云(yun):“昔者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)圣人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作《易(yi)》也(ye)(ye),将以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)顺性命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li),是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道曰(yue)(yue)阴与(yu)阳,立地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道曰(yue)(yue)柔与(yu)刚,立人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道曰(yue)(yue)仁与(yu)义。兼三才(cai)(cai)而两(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)《易(yi)》六(liu)画(hua)(hua)(hua)成卦(gua)(gua)(gua)。”注云(yun):三才(cai)(cai),天、地(di)、人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,六(liu)画(hua)(hua)(hua),画(hua)(hua)(hua)六(liu)爻。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)画(hua)(hua)(hua)地(di)识爻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。云(yun)“西(xi)(xi)塾,门(men)外西(xi)(xi)堂也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《尔雅(ya)》云(yun):“门(men)侧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堂谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塾。”即(ji)《士虞礼(li)(li)》云(yun)“羞燔(fan)俎在(zai)内西(xi)(xi)塾上(shang),南顺”是也(ye)(ye)。筮(shi)在(zai)门(men)外,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)此经西(xi)(xi)塾门(men)外西(xi)(xi)堂也(ye)(ye)。
布席于(yu)门(men)中,闑(nie)西阈外,西面。闑(nie),门(men)橛(jue)。阈,阃也。古文闑(nie)为槷,阈为蹙。
[疏]“布席”至“西面”。
○释曰:此所布之席拟卜筮之事。言在“门中”者,以大分言之。云“闑西阈外”者,指陈席处也。
○注“闑门”至“为蹙”。
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)“闑(nie),门橛”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),闑(nie),一(yi)(yi)(yi)名橛也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“阈(yu),阃(kun)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《曲礼(li)(li)》云(yun)“外(wai)言不(bu)入于(yu)阃(kun)”,阃(kun),门限(xian),与阈(yu)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)闑(nie)为(wei)(wei)槷(yi),阈(yu)为(wei)(wei)蹙(cu)(cu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),遭(zao)于(yu)暴秦,燔(fan)灭典籍,汉(han)兴,求录遗文(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),有古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)书、今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)。《汉(han)书》云(yun):鲁人高堂(tang)生(sheng)为(wei)(wei)汉(han)博士(shi),传《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)》十(shi)七篇。是(shi)(shi)今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)。至武帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)末,鲁恭(gong)王(wang)坏孔子宅,得古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)》五十(shi)六篇,其字(zi)皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)篆书,是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)十(shi)七篇与高堂(tang)生(sheng)所(suo)传者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)同,而字(zi)多不(bu)同,其馀三十(shi)九(jiu)篇绝无(wu)师说,秘在(zai)於(wu)馆。郑(zheng)注(zhu)《礼(li)(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)时,以(yi)(yi)今(jin)(jin)、古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)二(er)字(zi)并之(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)从(cong)(cong)今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen),即(ji)今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)经(jing),闑(nie)阈(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)等是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye),於(wu)注(zhu)内(nei)叠(die)出古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen),槷(yi)蹙(cu)(cu)之(zhi)(zhi)属是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)从(cong)(cong)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen),则古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)经(jing),注(zhu)内(nei)叠(die)出今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen),即(ji)下(xia)(xia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)“孝友时格”,郑(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun):“今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)格为(wei)(wei)嘏。”又(you)《丧服》注(zhu)“今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)无(wu)冠(guan)布缨(ying)”之(zhi)(zhi)等是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。此注(zhu)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)槷(yi)蹙(cu)(cu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)槷(yi)蹙(cu)(cu)非门限(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)义,故(gu)(gu)从(cong)(cong)今(jin)(jin)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),或(huo)从(cong)(cong)今(jin)(jin),或(huo)从(cong)(cong)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),皆(jie)(jie)逐义强(qiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)二(er)字(zi)俱合义者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则互挽见之(zhi)(zhi),即(ji)下(xia)(xia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)云(yun)“壹揖壹让升”,注(zhu)云(yun):“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)壹皆(jie)(jie)作一(yi)(yi)(yi)。”《公食大夫》“三牲之(zhi)(zhi)肺不(bu)离赞者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)辩取之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)授宾”,注(zhu)云(yun):“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)壹。”是(shi)(shi)大小(xiao)注(zhu)皆(jie)(jie)叠(die)。今(jin)(jin)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)俱合义,故(gu)(gu)两从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)郑(zheng)叠(die)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)释(shi)经(jing)义尽乃言之(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)叠(die)今(jin)(jin)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)说,须别(bie)释(shi)馀义者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则在(zai)后(hou)乃言之(zhi)(zhi),即(ji)下(xia)(xia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)“孝友时格”注(zhu)云(yun)“今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)格为(wei)(wei)嘏”,又(you)云(yun)“凡(fan)醮不(bu)祝”之(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然,下(xia)(xia)记云(yun)“章甫(fu)殷(yin)道”,郑(zheng)云(yun):“章,明也(ye)(ye)。殷(yin)质,言以(yi)(yi)表明丈夫也(ye)(ye)。甫(fu),或(huo)为(wei)(wei)父,今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)为(wei)(wei)斧。”事相违,故(gu)(gu)因叠(die)出今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)。
筮(shi)人(ren)执筴,抽上(shang)韇(du),兼执之(zhi),进(jin)受命於主人(ren)。筮(shi)人(ren),有司主三《易》者。韇(du),藏筮(shi)之(zhi)器。今时藏弓矢(shi)者谓(wei)之(zhi)韇(du)丸也(ye)(ye)。兼,并也(ye)(ye)。进(jin),前也(ye)(ye),自西方而(er)前。受命者,当(dang)知(zhi)所筮(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
[疏]“筮人”至“主人”。
○释曰:此经所陈,据筮时之事。案《少牢》云:史“左执筮,右抽上韇、兼与筮执之,东面受命于主人”。得主人命讫,“史曰:诺。西面于门西,抽下韇,左执筮,右兼执韇以击筮”。乃立筮。此云筴,彼云筮,一也。但筮法不殊,此亦应不异。《少牢》具陈,此不言者,文不具,当与彼同。案《三正记》,大夫蓍五尺,故立筮;七之蓍三尺,当坐筮。与彼异也。
○注“筮人”至“筮也”。
○释曰:案《周(zhou)礼(li)·春(chun)(chun)官》:“筮(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)掌(zhang)《三(san)易》:一(yi)曰《连(lian)山(shan)》,二曰《归藏》,三(san)曰《周(zhou)易》。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“问蓍曰筮(shi)(shi)(shi),其占(zhan)《易》。”是(shi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)主(zhu)《三(san)易》者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“韇(du),藏筴(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器”者(zhe)(zhe),韇(du)有二,其一(yi)从下向上承之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其一(yi)从上向下韬(tao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“今时(shi)(shi)藏弓矢者(zhe)(zhe)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)韇(du)丸也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)举汉法(fa)为(wei)(wei)况,亦(yi)欲(yu)见韬(tao)弓矢者(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)皮为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故《诗》云(yun)(yun)”象弭(mi)鱼服(fu)“,是(shi)以(yi)鱼皮为(wei)(wei)矢服(fu),则此(ci)韇(du)亦(yi)用(yong)皮也(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)“自西方而(er)前”者(zhe)(zhe),上云(yun)(yun)“即(ji)位(wei)于西方”,故知(zhi)前向东方受(shou)命(ming)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“受(shou)命(ming)者(zhe)(zhe),当知(zhi)所筮(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓执(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)知(zhi)以(yi)请筮(shi)(shi)(shi)何事,宰遂命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。凡(fan)卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),案《洪范》云(yun)(yun):“七(qi)稽(ji)疑,择建(jian)立卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)”,三(san)人(ren)占(zhan),从二人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言”。又案《尚书·金縢(teng)》云(yun)(yun):“乃(nai)卜(bu)三(san)龟(gui)(gui),一(yi)习吉(ji)(ji)。”则天(tian)子、诸侯(hou)卜(bu)时(shi)(shi)三(san)龟(gui)(gui)并用(yong),于玉(yu)(yu)、瓦、原三(san)人(ren)各占(zhan)一(yi)兆(zhao)也(ye)(ye)。筮(shi)(shi)(shi)时(shi)(shi),《连(lian)山(shan)》、《归藏》、《周(zhou)易》亦(yi)《三(san)易》并用(yong)。夏殷以(yi)不(bu)变(bian)为(wei)(wei)占(zhan),《周(zhou)易》以(yi)变(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)占(zhan),亦(yi)三(san)人(ren)各占(zhan)一(yi)《易》,筮(shi)(shi)(shi)皆三(san)占(zhan)从二。三(san)者(zhe)(zhe),三(san)吉(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)大(da)吉(ji)(ji),一(yi)凶为(wei)(wei)小吉(ji)(ji),三(san)凶为(wei)(wei)大(da)凶,一(yi)吉(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)小凶。案《士丧(sang)礼(li)》筮(shi)(shi)(shi)宅,“卒筮(shi)(shi)(shi),执(zhi)卦以(yi)示命(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),命(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)受(shou)视,反(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),东面,旅(lv)占(zhan)”。注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“旅(lv),众也(ye)(ye)。反(fan)与其属(shu)共占(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓掌(zhang)《连(lian)山(shan)》、《归藏》、《周(zhou)易》者(zhe)(zhe)。”又卜(bu)葬日(ri)云(yun)(yun):“占(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe)三(san)人(ren)在其南。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“占(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe)三(san)人(ren),掌(zhang)玉(yu)(yu)兆(zhao)、瓦兆(zhao)、原兆(zhao)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。”《少(shao)牢》,大(da)夫(fu)(fu)礼(li),亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)三(san)人(ren)占(zhan)。郑既(ji)云(yun)(yun)反(fan)与其属(shu)占(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则郑意大(da)夫(fu)(fu)卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)用(yong)一(yi)龟(gui)(gui)、一(yi)《易》,三(san)人(ren)共占(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。其用(yong)一(yi)龟(gui)(gui)、一(yi)《易》,则三(san)代(dai)颗用(yong),不(bu)专(zhuan)一(yi)代(dai)。故《春(chun)(chun)秋纬演孔(kong)(kong)图》云(yun)(yun):“孔(kong)(kong)子脩《春(chun)(chun)秋》,九月而(er)成。卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),得《阳豫(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卦。”宋均注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“《阳豫(yu)》,夏殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卦名。”故今《周(zhou)易》无文。是(shi)孔(kong)(kong)子用(yong)异代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)。则大(da)夫(fu)(fu)卜(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi),皆不(bu)常据一(yi)代(dai)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。
宰自(zi)右少退,赞(zan)(zan)命。宰,有(you)司(si)主政(zheng)教者。自(zi),由也(ye)。赞(zan)(zan),佐也(ye)。命,告也(ye)。佐主人告所以筮(shi)也(ye)。《少仪(yi)》曰:“赞(zan)(zan)币自(zi)左,诏辞自(zi)右。”
[疏]“宰自”至“赞命”。
○注“宰有”至“自右”。
○释曰(yue):知宰(zai)(zai)是有司(si)主(zhu)政教者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),士虽(sui)无臣,以(yi)(yi)属吏为宰(zai)(zai),若诸侯(hou)使(shi)司(si)徒兼冢宰(zai)(zai)以(yi)(yi)出政教之(zhi)类(lei),故(gu)(gu)云“主(zhu)政教者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”。引《少仪》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),取证赞命(ming)在(zai)右(you)(you)之(zhi)义,以(yi)(yi)其地道尊右(you)(you),故(gu)(gu)赞命(ming)皆(jie)在(zai)右(you)(you)。是以(yi)(yi)《士丧礼》亦云:“命(ming)筮者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)右(you)(you)。”注云:“命(ming)尊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)宜由(you)右(you)(you)出。”《特牲》云:“宰(zai)(zai)自主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)左赞命(ming)。”不(bu)由(you)右(you)(you)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为神求吉变故(gu)(gu)也。《士丧》在(zai)右(you)(you)不(bu)在(zai)左者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其始死,未(wei)忍(ren)异于生,故(gu)(gu)在(zai)右(you)(you)也。《少牢》宰(zai)(zai)不(bu)赞命(ming),大夫尊屈,士卑不(bu)嫌(xian),故(gu)(gu)使(shi)人(ren)(ren)赞命(ming)也。
筮人许诺,右(you)(you)还(hai)(hai),即(ji)席坐,西面,卦者在左。即(ji),就也。东面受命,右(you)(you)还(hai)(hai)北(bei)行就席。卦者,有司主画地(di)识爻者。
[疏]“筮人”至“在左”。
○释曰:此言筮人於主人受命讫,行筮事也。但即席坐西面者,主人为筮人而言作坐,文宜在西面下。今退西面于下者,欲西面之文下就画卦者,亦西向故也。
○注“即就”至“爻者”。
○释曰:郑(zheng)知“东面受命(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其上文(wen)有(you)司在(zai)西(xi)方(fang)东面,主人(ren)(ren)在(zai)门东西(xi)面,今从门西(xi)东面,主人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)宰命(ming)(ming)之(zhi),故东面受命(ming)(ming)可知也。知“右还北(bei)行就席(xi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其主人(ren)(ren)在(zai)门外之(zhi)东南,席(xi)在(zai)门中,故知右还北(bei)行,乃得(de)西(xi)面就席(xi)坐也。云(yun)“卦者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),有(you)司主画地(di)识(shi)爻者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,上云(yun)所卦者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓於(wu)此云(yun)卦者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据人(ren)(ren)以(yi)杖画地(di),记识(shi)爻之(zhi)七八九(jiu)六(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。
卒筮,书(shu)卦(gua),执以示主人(ren)。卒,已也。书(shu)卦(gua)者,筮人(ren)以方写所得之(zhi)卦(gua)。
[疏]“卒筮”至“主人”。
○释曰:此言所筮六爻俱了,卦体得成,更以方版画体示主人之事也。
○注“卒已”至“之卦”。
○释曰:云“书卦(gua)者(zhe)(zhe)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe),下文云“筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)还(hai)东面旅占(zhan)”,明此书卦(gua)是(shi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也。不使(shi)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)书卦(gua)者(zhe)(zhe),筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)尊卦(gua),亦(yi)是(shi)尊蓍龟之(zhi)(zhi)道也。案(an)《特牲》云:“卒筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),写(xie)(xie)卦(gua),筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)执以示主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”注云:“卦(gua)者(zhe)(zhe)主(zhu)(zhu)画地识爻(yao),六爻(yao)备,乃以方版写(xie)(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)。”则彼(bi)写(xie)(xie)卦(gua)亦(yi)是(shi)卦(gua)者(zhe)(zhe)。故郑云卦(gua)者(zhe)(zhe)画爻(yao)者(zhe)(zhe)。彼(bi)为祭(ji)礼(li),吉事尚提(ti)提(ti),故卦(gua)者(zhe)(zhe)写(xie)(xie)卦(gua),筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)执卦(gua)以示主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。《士丧(sang)礼(li)》注云:“卦(gua)者(zhe)(zhe)写(xie)(xie)卦(gua)示主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”经无写(xie)(xie)卦(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)文,是(shi)卦(gua)者(zhe)(zhe)自(zi)画示主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。以其丧(sang)礼(li)遽于事,故卦(gua)者(zhe)(zhe)自(zi)画自(zi)示主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也。此冠礼(li),筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)自(zi)为自(zi)示主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),冠礼(li)异于祭(ji)礼(li)、丧(sang)礼(li)故也。
主人受眡(di),反之。反,还也。
[疏]“主人受眡反之”。
○释曰(yue):此(ci)筮(shi)讫,写所得(de)卦示(shi)主(zhu)人(ren)。主(zhu)人(ren)受(shou)得(de)省视,虽未辨吉凶(xiong),主(zhu)人(ren)尊,先受(shou)视以知卦体而已。主(zhu)人(ren)既知卦体,反还(hai)与筮(shi)人(ren),使(shi)人(ren)知其占吉凶(xiong)也(ye)。
筮人还(hai),东(dong)面旅占,卒(zu),进告(gao)吉。旅,众也。还(hai)与其属共占之。古文(wen)旅作胪也。
[疏]“筮人”至“告吉”。
○释曰:此言筮(shi)人(ren)(ren)既於主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)受得卦体,还于门(men)西东(dong)面(mian),旅共占之,是吉卦。乃(nai)进向(xiang)门(men)东(dong),东(dong)面(mian)告主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)云:吉也。
若不吉(ji),则筮远日,如初仪(yi)。远日,旬之外。
[疏]“若不”至“初仪”。
○释曰:《曲礼》“吉事先近日”,此《冠礼》是吉事,故先筮近日。不吉,乃更筮远日。是上旬不吉,乃更筮中旬;又不吉,乃更筮下旬。云“如初仪”者,自“筮于庙门”已下至“告吉”是也。
○注“远日旬之外”。
○释曰:《曲礼(li)(li)》云(yun):“旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)曰近某(mou)(mou)(mou)日(ri),旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)曰远(yuan)某(mou)(mou)(mou)日(ri)。”彼据吉(ji)礼(li)(li)而言(yan)。旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)曰近某(mou)(mou)(mou)日(ri),据士(shi)礼(li)(li)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)内(nei)筮(shi),故云(yun)近某(mou)(mou)(mou)日(ri),是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)《特牲(sheng)》旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)内(nei)筮(shi)日(ri)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)曰远(yuan)某(mou)(mou)(mou)日(ri)者(zhe),据大(da)夫(fu)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)礼(li)(li)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)外(wai)(wai)筮(shi),故言(yan)远(yuan)某(mou)(mou)(mou)日(ri),是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)《少牢》筮(shi)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)有一日(ri)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。案《少牢》云(yun):“若不(bu)(bu)(bu)吉(ji),则(ze)及远(yuan)日(ri),又(you)筮(shi)日(ri)如初。”郑注(zhu)云(yun):“及,至也(ye)。远(yuan)日(ri)后(hou)丁若后(hou)己。”言(yan)至远(yuan)日(ri),又(you)筮(shi)日(ri)如初,明(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)并筮(shi),则(ze)前月(yue)(yue)卜(bu)来月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun),上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)吉(ji);至上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun),又(you)筮(shi)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun),中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)吉(ji);至中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun),又(you)筮(shi)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun);下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)吉(ji)则(ze)止,不(bu)(bu)(bu)祭祀(si)也(ye)。若然(ran)(ran)(ran),《特牲(sheng)》不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)及,则(ze)可(ke)(ke)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)筮(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)吉(ji)则(ze)预筮(shi)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun),中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)吉(ji),又(you)预筮(shi)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun),又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)吉(ji)则(ze)止。若此(ci)(ci)冠(guan)礼(li)(li)亦(yi)先近日(ri),《士(shi)冠(guan)礼(li)(li)》亦(yi)于上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)预筮(shi)三旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun),不(bu)(bu)(bu)吉(ji)则(ze)更筮(shi)后(hou)月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)。以(yi)其祭祀(si)用孟月(yue)(yue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)容入他月(yue)(yue)。若冠(guan)子(zi),则(ze)年已二十(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)止,然(ran)(ran)(ran)须冠(guan),故容入后(hou)月(yue)(yue)也(ye)。若然(ran)(ran)(ran),大(da)夫(fu)已上(shang)(shang)筮(shi)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)外(wai)(wai),士(shi)筮(shi)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)内(nei)。此(ci)(ci)士(shi)礼(li)(li),而注(zhu)云(yun)“远(yuan)日(ri),旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)”者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)远(yuan)日(ri)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai),自是(shi)(shi)(shi)当月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)筮(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)吉(ji),更筮(shi)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)。云(yun)远(yuan)日(ri),非谓(wei)《曲礼(li)(li)》文。大(da)夫(fu)以(yi)上(shang)(shang),前月(yue)(yue)预筮(shi)来月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)为远(yuan)某(mou)(mou)(mou)日(ri)者(zhe),彼自有远(yuan)日(ri),与此(ci)(ci)别也(ye)。
彻(che)(che)筮席。彻(che)(che),去也(ye),敛也(ye)。
[疏]“彻筮席”。
○注“彻去也敛也”。
○释曰:据(ju)席则(ze)彻去(qu)之,筮则(ze)敛藏之,故两训(xun)之也。
宗人告事毕(bi)。宗人,有司主礼者。
[疏]“宗人告事毕”。
○注“宗人”至“礼者”。
○释曰(yue):士虽(sui)无臣,亦有宗人掌礼,比(bi)于宗伯,故云“有司主礼者(zhe)”。
主人戒宾(bin),宾(bin)礼(li)辞(ci),许(xu)(xu)(xu)。戒,警也,告(gao)也。宾(bin),主人之僚(liao)友。古者(zhe)有吉(ji)事(shi)则乐与贤者(zhe)欢成(cheng)之,有凶事(shi)则欲与贤者(zhe)哀(ai)戚之。今将冠子,故就(jiu)告(gao)僚(liao)友使来。礼(li)辞(ci),一辞(ci)而(er)许(xu)(xu)(xu)。再辞(ci)而(er)许(xu)(xu)(xu)曰固辞(ci)。三辞(ci)曰终辞(ci),不许(xu)(xu)(xu)也。
[疏]“主人”至“辞许”。
○释曰:自此以下至“宾拜送”一节,论主人筮日讫三日之前,广戒僚友,使来观礼之事也。云“主人戒宾”者,谓主人亲至宾大门外之西、东面,宾出大门外之东、西面戒之。云“宾礼辞许”者,即下云:“戒宾曰:‘某有子某,将加布于其首,愿吾子之教之也。’宾对曰:‘某不敏,恐不能共事,以病吾子,敢辞。’主人曰:‘某犹原吾子之终教之也。’宾对曰:‘吾子重有命,某敢不从。’”是一度辞,后乃许之,是宾礼辞许者也。
○注“戒警”至“许也”。
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):同(tong)官为(wei)僚,同(tong)志(zhi)为(wei)友(you)(you)。此(ci)(ci)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)与(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)同(tong)是(shi)(shi)官,与(yu)为(wei)同(tong)志(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)“僚友(you)(you)”解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)谓上、中、下(xia)士(shi)(shi)尝(chang)执挚相见(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若未(wei)尝(chang)相见(jian)(jian)(jian),则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)必戒(jie),故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑以(yi)僚友(you)(you)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“古者(zhe)(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)吉(ji)事则(ze)(ze)乐与(yu)贤者(zhe)(zhe)欢成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)经(jing)戒(jie)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)使(shi)来者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“有(you)(you)(you)凶事则(ze)(ze)欲与(yu)贤者(zhe)(zhe)哀戚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)(ze)《士(shi)(shi)丧礼(li)(li)》始死(si)命(ming)赴者(zhe)(zhe)使(shi)告(gao)君及同(tong)僚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“礼(li)(li)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),一辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)许(xu)(xu)(xu)”者(zhe)(zhe),即此(ci)(ci)文是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“再辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)许(xu)(xu)(xu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)固(gu)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”者(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)(ze)《士(shi)(shi)相见(jian)(jian)(jian)》云(yun):“‘某(mou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)原见(jian)(jian)(jian),无由达,某(mou)子(zi)以(yi)命(ming)命(ming)某(mou)见(jian)(jian)(jian)。’主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)对(dui)(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘某(mou)子(zi)命(ming)某(mou)见(jian)(jian)(jian),吾(wu)子(zi)有(you)(you)(you)辱,请(qing)(qing)(qing)吾(wu)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就(jiu)家也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),某(mou)将走见(jian)(jian)(jian)。’宾(bin)(bin)(bin)对(dui)(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘某(mou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)辱命(ming),请(qing)(qing)(qing)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)赐见(jian)(jian)(jian)。’主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)对(dui)(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘某(mou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢为(wei)仪(yi),固(gu)请(qing)(qing)(qing)吾(wu)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就(jiu)家也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),某(mou)将走见(jian)(jian)(jian)。’宾(bin)(bin)(bin)对(dui)(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘某(mou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢为(wei)仪(yi),固(gu)以(yi)请(qing)(qing)(qing)。’主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)对(dui)(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘某(mou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)固(gu)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),不(bu)(bu)(bu)得命(ming),将走见(jian)(jian)(jian)。’”是(shi)(shi)其(qi)再辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)许(xu)(xu)(xu),名为(wei)固(gu)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)许(xu)(xu)(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),又(you)《士(shi)(shi)相见(jian)(jian)(jian)》云(yun):“士(shi)(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)大夫,终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)其(qi)挚。”是(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)许(xu)(xu)(xu)为(wei)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若一辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)许(xu)(xu)(xu),后辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)上许(xu)(xu)(xu),则(ze)(ze)为(wei)礼(li)(li)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)许(xu)(xu)(xu)。若再辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)许(xu)(xu)(xu),后三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)上许(xu)(xu)(xu),则(ze)(ze)为(wei)再辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)许(xu)(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)固(gu)。辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)若不(bu)(bu)(bu)许(xu)(xu)(xu)至于(yu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)许(xu)(xu)(xu),则(ze)(ze)为(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)许(xu)(xu)(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)许(xu)(xu)(xu)则(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),若三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)许(xu)(xu)(xu)乃曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)《公食(shi)大夫》戒(jie)宾(bin)(bin)(bin),“上介出请(qing)(qing)(qing),入(ru)告(gao),三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”。又(you)《司仪(yi)》云(yun):“诸公相为(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin),主(zhu)(zhu)君郊劳,交摈,三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),车逆,拜辱,三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)揖,三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。”注云(yun):“先(xian)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)其(qi)以(yi)礼(li)(li)来于(yu)外。后辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)升堂。”皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)许(xu)(xu)(xu)称三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。若然,此(ci)(ci)戒(jie)宾(bin)(bin)(bin),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)礼(li)(li)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)许(xu)(xu)(xu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)固(gu)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。案《乡饮(yin)酒》主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)“请(qing)(qing)(qing)宾(bin)(bin)(bin),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)礼(li)(li)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),许(xu)(xu)(xu)”。注云(yun):“不(bu)(bu)(bu)固(gu)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe),素所有(you)(you)(you)志(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)习道艺,本望宾(bin)(bin)(bin)举,是(shi)(shi)素所有(you)(you)(you)志(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)固(gu)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。此(ci)(ci)亦素有(you)(you)(you)志(zhi),乐与(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)欢成冠礼(li)(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)固(gu)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。诸经(jing)云(yun)礼(li)(li)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)许(xu)(xu)(xu)者(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)素有(you)(you)(you)志(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
主人(ren)再拜,宾答拜。主人(ren)退,宾拜送(song)。退,去也,归也。
[疏]案(an)《乡饮酒》:“主(zhu)人戒宾,宾拜(bai)辱,主(zhu)人答拜(bai)。乃请(qing)宾,宾礼辞,许,主(zhu)人再拜(bai),宾答拜(bai)。主(zhu)人退,宾拜(bai)辱。”《乡射》亦(yi)然,皆与此(ci)文不(bu)同。此(ci)经(jing)文不(bu)具,当依彼文为正。但此(ci)不(bu)言拜(bai)辱者(zhe),亦(yi)是不(bu)为宾已故(gu)也。
前期三日(ri)(ri),筮(shi)宾,如求日(ri)(ri)之仪(yi)。前期三日(ri)(ri),空二日(ri)(ri)也。筮(shi)宾,筮(shi)其(qi)可(ke)使冠子者,贤者恒(heng)吉(ji)。《冠义》曰:“古者冠礼筮(shi)日(ri)(ri)筮(shi)宾,所(suo)以敬冠事(shi)。敬冠事(shi)所(suo)以重(zhong)礼,重(zhong)礼所(suo)以为国本(ben)。”
[疏]“前期”至“之仪”。
○释曰:此文下尽“宿赞冠者亦如之”,论筮宾若赞冠者之节。云“前期三日”者,加日为期,期前三日也。筮宾者,谓於僚友众士之中,筮取吉者为加冠之宾也。云“如求日之仪”者,亦于庙门外,下至告事毕,唯命筮别,其馀威仪并同,故云如求日之仪也。命筮虽无文,宰、赞盖云:主人某为適子某加冠,筮某为宾,庶几从之。若庶子,则改“適”为一“庶”,字异,馀亦同。此经不云命筮,并上筮日亦不云命筮者,皆文不具也。
○注“前期”至“国本”。
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“前(qian)(qian)期(qi)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),空二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓正(zheng)加冠(guan)(guan)(guan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)是期(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)空二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),外(wai)为(wei)前(qian)(qian)期(qi)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),故云(yun)(yun)空二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)。二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)中,虽有宿宾(bin)、宿赞(zan)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),及夕为(wei)期(qi),但非加冠(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)事,故云(yun)(yun)空也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)”筮(shi)宾(bin),筮(shi)其(qi)可使冠(guan)(guan)(guan)子者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,即下(xia)文三(san)(san)加,皆宾(bin)亲(qin)加冠(guan)(guan)(guan)于(yu)首者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)恒(heng)吉(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),解经先(xian)戒后(hou)筮(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)意。凡取人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)法,先(xian)筮(shi)后(hou)戒。今以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)宾(bin)是贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),必(bi)知吉(ji),故先(xian)戒宾(bin),宾(bin)已许,方(fang)始筮(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)贤(xian)(xian)恒(heng)自(zi)吉(ji),故先(xian)戒后(hou)筮(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)贤(xian)(xian)恒(heng)吉(ji),必(bi)筮(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),取其(qi)审(shen)慎重冠(guan)(guan)(guan)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)事,故郑引《冠(guan)(guan)(guan)义》为(wei)证也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“重礼(li)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)国(guo)本”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《诗》云(yun)(yun):“人(ren)(ren)而(er)无礼(li),胡不遄(chuan)死。”《礼(li)运(yun)》云(yun)(yun):“治(zhi)国(guo)不以(yi)(yi)(yi)礼(li),犹(you)无耜而(er)耕也(ye)(ye)。”故云(yun)(yun)重礼(li)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)国(guo)本也(ye)(ye)。然(ran)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)既筮(shi)宾(bin),《特牲(sheng)》、《少牢》不筮(shi)宾(bin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼以(yi)(yi)(yi)祭祀之(zhi)(zhi)事,主人(ren)(ren)自(zi)为(wei)献主,群臣助祭而(er)已。天子诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)祭,祭前(qian)(qian)已射(she),于(yu)射(she)宫择取可预祭者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故不筮(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。
乃(nai)宿(su)宾。宾如主(zhu)人服(fu),出门左(zuo),西面再(zai)拜。主(zhu)人东面答拜。宿(su),进也。宿(su)者(zhe)必先(xian)戒(jie),戒(jie)不必宿(su)。其不宿(su)者(zhe)为(wei)众宾,或(huo)悉来(lai)或(huo)否。主(zhu)人朝服(fu)。
[疏]“乃宿”至“答拜”。
○释曰:此经为宿宾,摈者传主人辞,入内告宾,宾如主人服,出门与主人相见之仪也。
○注“宿进”至“朝服”。
○释曰:郑训宿(su)(su)(su)为(wei)进者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓进之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)知(zhi)冠(guan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)当来(lai)(lai)(lai),故下(xia)文“宿(su)(su)(su)曰:‘某(mou)将(jiang)加(jia)布于某(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首,吾子将(jiang)莅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),敢宿(su)(su)(su)。’宾(bin)对曰:‘某(mou)敢不(bu)夙兴。’”是(shi)(shi)宿(su)(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)进之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“宿(su)(su)(su)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)(bi)先(xian)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓若(ruo)宾(bin)及(ji)(ji)赞(zan)冠(guan)同在上(shang)(shang)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)宾(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内已(yi)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi),今又(you)(you)(you)宿(su)(su)(su),是(shi)(shi)宿(su)(su)(su)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)(bi)先(xian)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)必(bi)(bi)宿(su)(su)(su)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即上(shang)(shang)文戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)宾(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,除正宾(bin)及(ji)(ji)赞(zan)冠(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但是(shi)(shi)僚(liao)友欲(yu)观(guan)礼(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。使(shi)(shi)知(zhi)而已(yi),后(hou)更不(bu)宿(su)(su)(su),是(shi)(shi)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)必(bi)(bi)宿(su)(su)(su)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“不(bu)宿(su)(su)(su)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)众(zhong)宾(bin),或悉来(lai)(lai)(lai)或否”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此决宾(bin)与赞(zan)冠(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)而又(you)(you)(you)宿(su)(su)(su),不(bu)得不(bu)来(lai)(lai)(lai),众(zhong)宾(bin)主来(lai)(lai)(lai)观(guan)礼(li),非(fei)(fei)要(yao)须来(lai)(lai)(lai),容有(you)(you)不(bu)来(lai)(lai)(lai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故直戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)宿(su)(su)(su)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“主人(ren)(ren)朝服”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)文筮(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)时朝服,至此无(wu)改(gai)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,则知(zhi)皆(jie)(jie)朝服。凡有(you)(you)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)无(wu)宿(su)(su)(su)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非(fei)(fei)止於(wu)此。案(an)《乡饮酒》、《乡射(she)(she)》主人(ren)(ren)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)宾(bin)及(ji)(ji)《公食大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)》各以其爵,皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)当日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),理无(wu)宿(su)(su)(su)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)《大(da)(da)射(she)(she)》“宰(zai)(zai)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)百官(guan)有(you)(you)事于射(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),射(she)(she)人(ren)(ren)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)诸(zhu)公卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)射(she)(she),司士戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)士射(she)(she)与赞(zan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)射(she)(she)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),宰(zai)(zai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)宰(zai)(zai)及(ji)(ji)司马”,皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)而无(wu)宿(su)(su)(su)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“射(she)(she)人(ren)(ren)宿(su)(su)(su)视(shi)涤”,此言(yan)宿(su)(su)(su)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓将(jiang)射(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),於(wu)宿(su)(su)(su)预(yu)视(shi)涤濯,非(fei)(fei)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)宿(su)(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然,《特(te)(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)礼(li)》云(yun)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)宿(su)(su)(su)尸(shi)(shi)(shi),前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)无(wu)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)而直有(you)(you)宿(su)(su)(su)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《特(te)(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)》文不(bu)具,其实亦有(you)(you)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)《礼(li)记·祭(ji)统》云(yun):“先(xian)期(qi)旬有(you)(you)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),宫宰(zai)(zai)宿(su)(su)(su)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren),夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)亦散齐(qi)(qi)七日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),致(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。”注云(yun):“宿(su)(su)(su),读为(wei)肃(su)(su)。肃(su)(su),犹戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)轻(qing)、肃(su)(su)重也(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。彼(bi)以夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)尊(zun),故不(bu)得言(yan)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),而变言(yan)宿(su)(su)(su)。读为(wei)肃(su)(su)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),肃(su)(su)亦戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。”彼(bi)以宿(su)(su)(su)当戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)处,非(fei)(fei)谓祭(ji)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《大(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)》云(yun)“祀五帝则掌百官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誓戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)百官(guan)使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)散齐(qi)(qi),至祭(ji)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),当致(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡宿(su)(su)(su)宾(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,案(an)《特(te)(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)》云(yun)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)筮(shi)尸(shi)(shi)(shi),乃宿(su)(su)(su)尸(shi)(shi)(shi),厥明夕,陈鼎。则前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)二日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)宿(su)(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《少(shao)牢》“筮(shi)吉”下(xia)云(yun)“宿(su)(su)(su)”,郑注云(yun):“大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)尊(zun),仪益多,筮(shi)月既(ji)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),诸(zhu)官(guan)以齐(qi)(qi)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)矣(yi)。至前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)祭(ji)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),又(you)(you)(you)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以进之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)(shi)知(zhi)祭(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)当来(lai)(lai)(lai)。”又(you)(you)(you)云(yun):“前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)宿(su)(su)(su)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),宿(su)(su)(su)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)。”注云(yun):“先(xian)宿(su)(su)(su)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),重所用为(wei)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),又(you)(you)(you)为(wei)将(jiang)筮(shi)。”吉则乃遂(sui)宿(su)(su)(su)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)。是(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)祭(ji)二日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)筮(shi)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)讫宿(su)(su)(su)尸(shi)(shi)(shi),至前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)祭(ji)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)又(you)(you)(you)宿(su)(su)(su)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)。天子、诸(zhu)侯祭(ji)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)宿(su)(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)(shi)致(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
乃宿宾(bin)。宾(bin)许,主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)再拜,宾(bin)答拜。主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)退,宾(bin)拜送。乃宿宾(bin)者,亲相见,致其辞。
[疏]“乃宿”至“拜送”。
○释曰(yue):上据摈者(zhe)传辞,宾出与主人相见。此(ci)经据主人自致辞,故再举宿宾之文(wen)也。
宿(su)赞(zan)冠者一人,亦(yi)如之(zhi)。赞(zan)冠者,佐(zuo)宾(bin)(bin)为冠事者,谓宾(bin)(bin)若(ruo)他官之(zhi)属,中士若(ruo)下士也。宿(su)之(zhi)以筮宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)明日。
[疏]“宿赞”至“如之”。
○注“赞冠”至“明日”。
○释曰:案(an)(an)下(xia)(xia)(xia)文(wen)冠(guan)子之(zhi)(zhi)时,赞(zan)(zan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)坐栉、设纚、卒纮之(zhi)(zhi)类,是赞(zan)(zan)冠(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)佐宾(bin)(bin)为(wei)(wei)冠(guan)事者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。以其佐宾(bin)(bin)为(wei)(wei)轻,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)筮也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“谓宾(bin)(bin)若他官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此所取(qu)(qu)本由(you)主人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)意,或取(qu)(qu)宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu),或取(qu)(qu)他官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu),故(gu)(gu)郑两言之(zhi)(zhi)。案(an)(an)《周(zhou)礼》三(san)(san)百六(liu)十官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),每官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)皆(jie)有属(shu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。假(jia)令上(shang)(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)首,其下(xia)(xia)(xia)有中(zhong)(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)。若中(zhong)(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)首,其下(xia)(xia)(xia)即有下(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“中(zhong)(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)若下(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此据(ju)主人(ren)是上(shang)(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而言之(zhi)(zhi)。赞(zan)(zan)冠(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)降一等。假(jia)令主人(ren)是上(shang)(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),宾(bin)(bin)亦(yi)是上(shang)(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),则(ze)取(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)赞(zan)(zan)。假(jia)令主人(ren)是下(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),宾(bin)(bin)亦(yi)是下(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),则(ze)亦(yi)取(qu)(qu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)赞(zan)(zan)。礼穷则(ze)同(tong),故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“宿(su)之(zhi)(zhi)以筮宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)日(ri)(ri)(ri)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以下(xia)(xia)(xia)有“厥明(ming)(ming)夕为(wei)(wei)期(qi)(qi)”,是冠(guan)前一日(ri)(ri)(ri)宿(su)宾(bin)(bin)。宿(su)赞(zan)(zan)在(zai)厥明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),则(ze)去(qu)冠(guan)前二日(ri)(ri)(ri)矣(yi)。筮宾(bin)(bin)是前期(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri),则(ze)知宿(su)宾(bin)(bin)赞(zan)(zan)冠(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是筮宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)日(ri)(ri)(ri),可(ke)知不(bu)在(zai)宿(su)宾(bin)(bin)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。而在(zai)宿(su)赞(zan)(zan)冠(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)言之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲取(qu)(qu)为(wei)(wei)厥明(ming)(ming)相近(jin)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。
厥明夕,为期(qi)于(yu)庙(miao)门(men)之(zhi)外。主人立于(yu)门(men)东,兄弟在其南,少退,西面(mian),北上(shang)。有(you)司皆如宿服(fu),立于(yu)西方,东面(mian),北上(shang)。厥,其也。宿服(fu),朝服(fu)。
[疏]“厥明”至“北上”。
○释曰:自此至“宾之家”,论冠前一日之夕为明日加冠之期告宾之事也。云“厥明夕为期”者,谓宿宾与赞冠明日向暮为加冠之期。必於庙门者,以冠在庙,知亦在庙为期也。主人之类在门东,宾之类在门西者,各依宾主之位,夹处东西也。
○注“厥其”至“朝服”。
○释曰:知“宿服,朝(chao)服”者,以(yi)其宿服如(ru)筮日之服,筮日朝(chao)服,转(zhuan)相如(ru),故知是朝(chao)服也。
摈者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)请期(qi),宰告曰:“质(zhi)(zhi)明行事。”摈者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),有司佐礼(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),在主人(ren)曰摈,在客(ke)曰介。质(zhi)(zhi),正(zheng)也。宰告曰,旦(dan)日正(zheng)明行冠事。
[疏]“摈者”至“行事”。
○释曰:上经布位已讫,故此经见为期之事。言请期者,谓请主人加冠之期。言告曰者,即是宰赞命告之也。
○注“摈者”至“冠事”。
○释曰(yue)(yue):上云(yun)(yun)有司(si)(si),此(ci)言摈(bin)者(zhe),故(gu)知摈(bin)者(zhe)是有司(si)(si)佐(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)行冠礼者(zhe)也。云(yun)(yun)“在主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)曰(yue)(yue)摈(bin),在客(ke)曰(yue)(yue)介”者(zhe),案《聘礼》及(ji)《大(da)行人(ren)》皆以在主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)曰(yue)(yue)摈(bin),在客(ke)称(cheng)介,亦(yi)曰(yue)(yue)相,《司(si)(si)仪》云(yun)(yun)“每(mei)门(men)止一相”是也。云(yun)(yun)“旦日(ri)正明(ming)行冠事(shi)”者(zhe),案《特牲》“请(qing)期(qi)曰(yue)(yue)羹饪(ren)”,郑(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“肉谓(wei)之羹。饪(ren),熟也。谓(wei)明(ming)日(ri)质(zhi)明(ming)时而(er)曰(yue)(yue)肉熟,重豫劳宾。”此(ci)无羹饪(ren),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)质(zhi)明(ming)。《少牢》云(yun)(yun)“旦明(ming)行事(shi)”,故(gu)此(ci)注(zhu)取彼而(er)言旦日(ri)正明(ming)行冠事(shi)也。
告兄弟(di)及有司,摈者告也。
[疏]“告兄弟及有司”。
○注“摈者告也”。
○释曰(yue):上文(wen)陈兄(xiong)(xiong)弟及有司位次,此告(gao)讫,下乃云(yun)告(gao)事毕(bi),则兄(xiong)(xiong)弟及有司亦庙门之外矣。必(bi)(bi)告(gao)之者(zhe)(zhe),礼取审慎之义(yi),故也。必(bi)(bi)知(zhi)摈者(zhe)(zhe)告(gao)者(zhe)(zhe),上摈者(zhe)(zhe)请期,此即云(yun)告(gao),明还是摈者(zhe)(zhe)告(gao)可知(zhi)。
告事毕。宗人告也。
[疏]“告事毕”。
○注“宗人告也”。
○释(shi)曰:知宗人(ren)告(gao)者,亦约上(shang)文筮日时宗人(ren)告(gao)事得(de)知也。
摈者告期于宾之家。
[疏]“摈者”至“之家”。
○释曰:有(you)司是(shi)家之(zhi)属吏者,则告期(qi)皆得(de)在(zai)位。宾(bin)是(shi)同僚之(zhi)等(deng),为期(qi)时不在(zai),故就家告之(zhi)。於夕为期(qi),当暮即得(de)告之(zhi)者,以其共仕於君,其家必(bi)在(zai)城郭之(zhi)内相(xiang)近(jin),故得(de)告也。
夙兴,设洗(xi)(xi)(xi),直(zhi)于东荣,南北以堂(tang)深。水在洗(xi)(xi)(xi)东。夙,早也。兴,起也。洗(xi)(xi)(xi),承盥洗(xi)(xi)(xi)者弃水器也,士用铁。荣,屋翼也。周制,自卿大夫以下,其室为夏(xia)屋。水器,尊卑(bei)皆用金罍,及(ji)大小异。
[疏]“夙兴”至“洗东”。
○释曰:自此至“宾升则东面”,论将冠子豫陈设冠与服、器物之事也。
○注“夙早”至“小异”。
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),承盥(guan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)弃(qi)水器(qi)(qi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓盥(guan)手洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)爵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),恐水秽地,以(yi)(yi)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)承盥(guan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)水而(er)(er)弃(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)弃(qi)水器(qi)(qi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“士(shi)用铁”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《汉礼(li)器(qi)(qi)制(zhi)度》,洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所用,士(shi)用铁,大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)用铜,诸(zhu)侯用白银(yin),天(tian)(tian)子用黄金也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“荣(rong)(rong)(rong)屋(wu)(wu)翼也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)博风。云(yun)(yun)(yun)荣(rong)(rong)(rong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),与(yu)(yu)屋(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)荣(rong)(rong)(rong)饰;言(yan)翼者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),与(yu)(yu)屋(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)翅翼也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)制(zhi)自(zi)(zi)卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),其(qi)室为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)屋(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)周(zhou)制(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)、殷(yin)卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)屋(wu)(wu)无文(wen)(wen),故(gu)(gu)此经(jing)是(shi)(shi)周(zhou)法(fa),即(ji)以(yi)(yi)周(zhou)制(zhi)而(er)(er)言(yan)也(ye)。案此经(jing)是(shi)(shi)士(shi)礼(li)而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)荣(rong)(rong)(rong),《乡(xiang)(xiang)饮酒》卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)礼(li),《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)》、《丧(sang)大(da)(da)记(ji)》大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)礼(li),皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)荣(rong)(rong)(rong)。又(you)案《匠人》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)后氏世室,堂修二七,广四(si)修一,五(wu)室。”此谓宗庙。路寝(qin)同制(zhi),则路寝(qin)亦(yi)然。虽不(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)两(liang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),彼下(xia)(xia)(xia)文(wen)(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)殷(yin)人重屋(wu)(wu)、四(si)阿(a)(a),郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun):四(si)阿(a)(a),四(si)注(zhu)(zhu)屋(wu)(wu)。重屋(wu)(wu)谓路寝(qin)。殷(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路寝(qin)四(si)阿(a)(a),则夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路寝(qin)不(bu)四(si)阿(a)(a)矣(yi),当两(liang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)《檀弓》孔(kong)子云(yun)(yun)(yun):“见若覆夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)屋(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)矣(yi)。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)屋(wu)(wu),今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门庑。”汉时(shi)门庑也(ye),两(liang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)举汉法(fa)以(yi)(yi)况。夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)屋(wu)(wu)两(liang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),或名两(liang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)屋(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)屋(wu)(wu)。夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)后氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屋(wu)(wu)亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)屋(wu)(wu)。郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)其(qi)室为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)屋(wu)(wu)两(liang)下(xia)(xia)(xia),而(er)(er)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)子诸(zhu)侯皆四(si)注(zhu)(zhu)。故(gu)(gu)《丧(sang)大(da)(da)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“升自(zi)(zi)屋(wu)(wu)东(dong)(dong)(dong)荣(rong)(rong)(rong)”,郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi),其(qi)天(tian)(tian)子诸(zhu)侯当言(yan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)霤也(ye)。周(zhou)天(tian)(tian)子路寝(qin),制(zhi)似(si)明堂五(wu)室十二堂,上(shang)圆下(xia)(xia)(xia)方,明四(si)注(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)。诸(zhu)侯亦(yi)然。故(gu)(gu)《燕(yan)礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)当东(dong)(dong)(dong)霤”,郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“人君为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)殿屋(wu)(wu)也(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)“水器(qi)(qi),尊(zun)(zun)(zun)卑(bei)皆用金罍(lei)(lei),及(ji)大(da)(da)小异”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此亦(yi)案《汉礼(li)器(qi)(qi)制(zhi)度》,尊(zun)(zun)(zun)卑(bei)皆用金罍(lei)(lei),及(ji)其(qi)大(da)(da)小异。此篇(pian)与(yu)(yu)《昏礼(li)》、《乡(xiang)(xiang)饮酒》、《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)》、《特牲》皆直言(yan)水,不(bu)言(yan)罍(lei)(lei)。《大(da)(da)射(she)(she)》虽云(yun)(yun)(yun)罍(lei)(lei)水,不(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)枓。《少(shao)牢(lao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“司宫设(she)(she)(she)罍(lei)(lei)水於洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)东(dong)(dong)(dong),有(you)(you)枓。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“设(she)(she)(she)水用罍(lei)(lei),沃盥(guan)用枓,礼(li)在(zai)此也(ye)。”欲见罍(lei)(lei)、枓俱有(you)(you),馀(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)无者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)具(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)。《仪(yi)礼(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,设(she)(she)(she)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)与(yu)(yu)设(she)(she)(she)尊(zun)(zun)(zun),或先(xian)(xian)或后,不(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若先(xian)(xian)设(she)(she)(she)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)则兼馀(yu)(yu)事。此士(shi)冠,宾(bin)与(yu)(yu)赞共洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),《昏礼(li)》有(you)(you)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)妇与(yu)(yu)御媵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,《少(shao)牢(lao)》、《特牲》兼举鼎,不(bu)专(zhuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)酒,以(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)皆先(xian)(xian)设(she)(she)(she)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。《乡(xiang)(xiang)饮酒》、《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)》先(xian)(xian)设(she)(she)(she)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)专(zhuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)酒。《燕(yan)礼(li)》、《大(da)(da)射(she)(she)》自(zi)(zi)相对(dui),《大(da)(da)射(she)(she)》辨(bian)(bian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)卑(bei),故(gu)(gu)先(xian)(xian)设(she)(she)(she)尊(zun)(zun)(zun);《燕(yan)礼(li)》不(bu)辨(bian)(bian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)卑(bei),故(gu)(gu)先(xian)(xian)设(she)(she)(she)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。又(you)《仪(yi)礼(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内或有(you)(you)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)无洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),或尊(zun)(zun)(zun)、洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)皆有(you)(you),文(wen)(wen)不(bu)言(yan)设(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)不(bu)具(ju)也(ye)。