原文
魏(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)无(wu)忌者，魏(wei)(wei)昭王(wang)(wang)少(shao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)而魏(wei)(wei)安(an)厘(li)王(wang)(wang)异母弟(di)也。昭王(wang)(wang)薨，安(an)厘(li)（音同“希”） 王(wang)(wang)即位，封公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为信陵君(jun)。是时范睢(sui)亡魏(wei)(wei)相秦(qin)，以怨(yuan)魏(wei)(wei)齐故，秦(qin)兵围大梁，破魏(wei)(wei)华(hua)阳下军，走芒卯。魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)及公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)患之(zhi)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为人仁而下士(shi)，士(shi)无(wu)贤不(bu)肖皆谦而礼交(jiao)之(zhi)，不(bu)敢(gan)以其富贵骄士(shi)。士(shi)以此(ci)方数(shu)千(qian)里争往归之(zhi)，致食(shi)客三千(qian)人。当(dang)是时，诸(zhu)侯以公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)贤，多客，不(bu)敢(gan)加兵谋魏(wei)(wei)十(shi)馀年。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)博，而(er)北境(jing)传举(ju)烽(feng)，言(yan)“赵寇(kou)至，且入(ru)界(jie)”。魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)释博，欲召大(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)谋。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)止王(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)：“赵王(wang)(wang)田猎耳，非为(wei)寇(kou)也(ye)。”复博如故(gu)(gu)。王(wang)(wang)恐，心不在博。居(ju)顷，复从(cong)北方来传言(yan)曰(yue)(yue)：“赵王(wang)(wang)猎耳，非为(wei)寇(kou)也(ye)。”魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)大(da)(da)惊(jing)，曰(yue)(yue)：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)何(he)以(yi)知之(zhi)？”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：“臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)客(ke)有(you)能(neng)深得赵王(wang)(wang)阴事者，赵王(wang)(wang)所为(wei)，客(ke)辄(zhe)以(yi)报臣(chen)(chen)(chen)，臣(chen)(chen)(chen)以(yi)此知之(zhi)。”是后魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)畏公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)贤能(neng)，不敢任公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)国政(zheng)。魏(wei)(wei)有(you)隐士曰(yue)(yue)侯(hou)嬴，年七十(shi)，家贫，为(wei)大(da)(da)梁夷门监者。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)闻之(zhi)，往请(qing)，欲厚遗之(zhi)。不肯(ken)受，曰(yue)(yue)：“臣(chen)(chen)(chen)脩身(shen)洁(jie)行数十(shi)年，终不以(yi)监门困故(gu)(gu)而(er)受公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)财。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)于是乃置酒大(da)(da)会宾客(ke)。坐定，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)从(cong)车骑(qi)(qi)，虚左，自迎(ying)夷门侯(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。侯(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)摄敝衣冠(guan)，直上(shang)载公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)坐，不让，欲以(yi)观公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)执辔（音同“配”）愈(yu)恭。侯(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)又谓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：“臣(chen)(chen)(chen)有(you)客(ke)在市屠(tu)中(zhong)，愿枉(wang)车骑(qi)(qi)过之(zhi)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)引车入(ru)巿，侯(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)下见其(qi)客(ke)朱亥，俾倪，故(gu)(gu)久立与其(qi)客(ke)语(yu)，微察公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)颜色愈(yu)和。当(dang)是时(shi)，魏(wei)(wei)将相宗室宾客(ke)满(man)堂，待公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)举(ju)酒。巿人皆观公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)执辔。从(cong)骑(qi)(qi)皆窃骂(ma)侯(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。侯(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)视公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)色终不变，乃谢客(ke)就车。至家，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)引侯(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)坐上(shang)坐，遍赞宾客(ke)，宾客(ke)皆惊(jing)。酒酣，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)起(qi)，为(wei)寿侯(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)前。
侯生(sheng)(sheng)因谓公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰：“今(jin)(jin)日嬴(ying)(ying)之(zhi)为公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)足矣(yi)。嬴(ying)(ying)乃夷门抱关(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也，而公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亲(qin)枉车骑，自迎嬴(ying)(ying)于(yu)众(zhong)人广坐之(zhi)中(zhong)，不宜有所过，今(jin)(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)故(gu)(gu)过之(zhi)。然嬴(ying)(ying)欲就(jiu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)名，故(gu)(gu)久立公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)车骑巿(fu)中(zhong)，过客以(yi)(yi)观(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)愈恭(gong)。巿(fu)人皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)嬴(ying)(ying)为小人，而以(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为长者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)能(neng)(neng)下士也。”于(yu)是(shi)罢酒(jiu)，侯生(sheng)(sheng)遂为上客。侯生(sheng)(sheng)谓公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰：“臣所过屠者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)朱(zhu)亥，此子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，世莫能(neng)(neng)知，故(gu)(gu)隐(yin)屠间(jian)耳。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)往数请之(zhi)，朱(zhu)亥故(gu)(gu)不复谢，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)怪之(zhi)。
魏安(an)厘王(wang)(wang)二十年，秦(qin)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)已破赵(zhao)(zhao)长平(ping)军，又进兵围邯(han)郸。公(gong)子(zi)姊为赵(zhao)(zhao)惠(hui)文王(wang)(wang)弟平(ping)原(yuan)君(jun)夫人，数遗魏王(wang)(wang)及公(gong)子(zi)书，请救(jiu)(jiu)于(yu)魏。魏王(wang)(wang)使(shi)将(jiang)军晋(jin)鄙(bi)将(jiang)十万(wan)众救(jiu)(jiu)赵(zhao)(zhao)。秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)使(shi)使(shi)者(zhe)告魏王(wang)(wang)曰：“吾攻赵(zhao)(zhao)旦(dan)(dan)暮且下，而(er)诸侯(hou)敢救(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)，已拔赵(zhao)(zhao)，必移兵先击之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”魏王(wang)(wang)恐，使(shi)人止晋(jin)鄙(bi)，留(liu)军壁邺，名为救(jiu)(jiu)赵(zhao)(zhao)，实持两端以(yi)(yi)观望。平(ping)原(yuan)君(jun)使(shi)者(zhe)冠(guan)盖相(xiang)属于(yu)魏，让魏公(gong)子(zi)曰：“胜(sheng)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)自附为婚(hun)姻者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)公(gong)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高义，为能急人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)困(kun)。今(jin)邯(han)郸旦(dan)(dan)暮降(jiang)秦(qin)而(er)魏救(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)至，安(an)在公(gong)子(zi)能急人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)困(kun)也！且公(gong)子(zi)纵轻胜(sheng)，弃(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)降(jiang)秦(qin)，独不(bu)(bu)(bu)怜公(gong)子(zi)姊邪？”公(gong)子(zi)患之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，数请魏王(wang)(wang)，及宾客辩士说王(wang)(wang)万(wan)端。魏王(wang)(wang)畏秦(qin)，终(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)听公(gong)子(zi)。公(gong)子(zi)自度终(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)王(wang)(wang)，计(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)独生(sheng)而(er)令赵(zhao)(zhao)亡(wang)，乃(nai)请宾客，约车(che)骑百馀乘(cheng)，欲以(yi)(yi)客往赴秦(qin)军，与赵(zhao)(zhao)俱死。
行(xing)(xing)过(guo)夷门，见(jian)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，具告所(suo)以欲(yu)死(si)秦军(jun)状。辞(ci)决而(er)(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)，侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)勉之(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)，老臣不(bu)(bu)能(neng)从(cong)(cong)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)数里，心不(bu)(bu)快，曰(yue)：“吾(wu)所(suo)以待侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)备(bei)矣(yi)(yi)，天下莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)闻，今(jin)吾(wu)且死(si)而(er)(er)(er)(er)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曾无(wu)一言半辞(ci)送(song)我，我岂有(you)(you)所(suo)失哉？”复引车(che)还(hai)，问侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)笑(xiao)曰(yue)：“臣固知公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)还(hai)也(ye)(ye)。”曰(yue)：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)喜(xi)士，名闻天下。今(jin)有(you)(you)难，无(wu)他端而(er)(er)(er)(er)欲(yu)赴秦军(jun)，譬若(ruo)以肉投馁虎(hu)(hu)，何功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)哉？尚安事客？然公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)遇臣厚，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)往而(er)(er)(er)(er)臣不(bu)(bu)送(song)，以是知公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)恨之(zhi)(zhi)复返也(ye)(ye)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)再(zai)拜，因问。侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)乃屏(ping)人间语，曰(yue)：“嬴闻晋鄙(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)符(fu)(fu)常在(zai)王卧内(nei)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)如(ru)(ru)姬(ji)最幸，出入王卧内(nei)，力(li)能(neng)窃(qie)之(zhi)(zhi)。嬴闻如(ru)(ru)姬(ji)父为(wei)人所(suo)杀，如(ru)(ru)姬(ji)资之(zhi)(zhi)三年(nian)，自(zi)王以下欲(yu)求报其父仇(chou)，莫(mo)能(neng)得(de)。如(ru)(ru)姬(ji)为(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)泣(qi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)使(shi)客斩其仇(chou)头，敬进如(ru)(ru)姬(ji)。如(ru)(ru)姬(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)欲(yu)为(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)死(si)，无(wu)所(suo)辞(ci)，顾未有(you)(you)路耳。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诚一开口请(qing)如(ru)(ru)姬(ji)，如(ru)(ru)姬(ji)必许诺，则得(de)虎(hu)(hu)符(fu)(fu)夺晋鄙(bi)军(jun)，北(bei)救(jiu)赵而(er)(er)(er)(er)西却秦，此五霸之(zhi)(zhi)伐也(ye)(ye)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)从(cong)(cong)其计，请(qing)如(ru)(ru)姬(ji)。如(ru)(ru)姬(ji)果(guo)盗晋鄙(bi)兵(bing)符(fu)(fu)与公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)，侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)：“将在(zai)外，主令有(you)(you)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)受(shou)，以便国家。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)即合符(fu)(fu)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)晋鄙(bi)不(bu)(bu)授公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兵(bing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)复请(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)，事必危(wei)矣(yi)(yi)。臣客屠(tu)(tu)者(zhe)朱亥可与俱，此人力(li)士。晋鄙(bi)听，大善；不(bu)(bu)听，可使(shi)击之(zhi)(zhi)。”于(yu)是公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)泣(qi)。侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)畏死(si)邪？何泣(qi)也(ye)(ye)？”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)：“晋鄙(bi)嚄唶宿将，往恐不(bu)(bu)听，必当(dang)杀之(zhi)(zhi)，是以泣(qi)耳，岂畏死(si)哉？”于(yu)是公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)请(qing)朱亥。朱亥笑(xiao)曰(yue)：“臣乃市井(jing)鼓刀屠(tu)(tu)者(zhe)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亲数存之(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)以不(bu)(bu)报谢者(zhe)，以为(wei)小礼无(wu)所(suo)用。今(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)急，此乃臣效命之(zhi)(zhi)秋也(ye)(ye)。”遂(sui)与公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)俱。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)过(guo)谢侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)：“臣宜(yi)从(cong)(cong)，老不(bu)(bu)能(neng)。请(qing)数公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)日，以至晋鄙(bi)军(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)日，北(bei)乡自(zi)刭，以送(song)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)遂(sui)行(xing)(xing)。
至邺，矫(jiao)魏王令(ling)代晋鄙。晋鄙合符，疑之(zhi)，举手视公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)曰：“今吾拥十万之(zhi)众，屯(tun)于(yu)(yu)境(jing)上，国之(zhi)重任，今单车来代之(zhi)，何如哉？”欲无听。朱亥袖四(si)十斤(jin)铁椎(zhui)，椎(zhui)杀(sha)晋鄙，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)遂将晋鄙军(jun)(jun)(jun)。勒(le)兵下(xia)令(ling)军(jun)(jun)(jun)中曰：“父(fu)子(zi)(zi)俱在军(jun)(jun)(jun)中，父(fu)归(gui)；兄弟俱在军(jun)(jun)(jun)中，兄归(gui)；独子(zi)(zi)无兄弟，归(gui)养。”得选(xuan)兵八万人，进兵击秦军(jun)(jun)(jun)。秦军(jun)(jun)(jun)解去，遂救邯郸，存赵(zhao)(zhao)。赵(zhao)(zhao)王及平(ping)原君自(zi)迎(ying)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)于(yu)(yu)界，平(ping)原君负韊(lan)矢为公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)先引。赵(zhao)(zhao)王再拜曰：“自(zi)古贤(xian)人未有及公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)者也(ye)。”当此(ci)之(zhi)时，平(ping)原君不敢自(zi)比于(yu)(yu)人。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)与侯生(sheng)决，至军(jun)(jun)(jun)，侯生(sheng)果(guo)北乡自(zi)刭(jing)。
魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)怒(nu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盗(dao)其(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)符，矫杀晋鄙(bi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)(yi)自(zi)知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。已(yi)却秦(qin)(qin)(qin)存(cun)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，使(shi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)其(qi)军(jun)(jun)(jun)归(gui)(gui)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)，而(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)独与客留(liu)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)孝成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)德公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矫夺(duo)晋鄙(bi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)而(er)存(cun)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，乃(nai)与平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)计，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)城封(feng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)闻(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，意骄(jiao)矜而(er)有(you)(you)自(zi)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色(se)。客有(you)(you)说公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：“物(wu)有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)可忘，或有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)可不(bu)(bu)忘。夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)德于(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)可忘也(ye)(ye)；公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)德于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，愿公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)忘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。且(qie)矫魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)令，夺(duo)晋鄙(bi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)则(ze)有(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)矣，于(yu)(yu)(yu)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)则(ze)未(wei)(wei)为(wei)忠臣也(ye)(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)乃(nai)自(zi)骄(jiao)而(er)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，窃为(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)取也(ye)(ye)。”于(yu)(yu)(yu)是公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)立(li)(li)自(zi)责(ze)，似若无(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)容者(zhe)(zhe)。赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)埽除自(zi)迎，执主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼，引公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)就西阶(jie)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)侧行辞让，从(cong)东(dong)(dong)阶(jie)上。自(zi)言罪过，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)负于(yu)(yu)(yu)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)侍酒至暮，口不(bu)(bu)忍献五(wu)城，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)退让也(ye)(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)竟(jing)留(liu)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鄗为(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)汤(tang)沐邑，魏(wei)(wei)(wei)亦(yi)(yi)复(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)信陵奉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)留(liu)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)闻(wen)(wen)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)有(you)(you)处 士毛公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藏于(yu)(yu)(yu)博(bo)(bo)徒(tu)，薛(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藏于(yu)(yu)(yu)卖浆家，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)欲见(jian)(jian)两(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，两(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)匿(ni)不(bu)(bu)肯见(jian)(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)闻(wen)(wen)所(suo)在(zai)，乃(nai)间(jian)步(bu)往(wang)(wang)从(cong)此两(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)游，甚(shen)欢。平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)闻(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，谓其(qi)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)曰(yue)(yue)：“始吾闻(wen)(wen)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)弟公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)无(wu)(wu)(wu)双，今(jin)吾闻(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃(nai)妄(wang)从(cong)博(bo)(bo)徒(tu)卖浆者(zhe)(zhe)游，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)妄(wang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)耳。”夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告(gao)(gao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)乃(nai)谢(xie)(xie)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)去，曰(yue)(yue)：“始吾闻(wen)(wen)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)贤，故负魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)而(er)救(jiu)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)称(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)。平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)游，徒(tu)豪举耳，不(bu)(bu)求士也(ye)(ye)。无(wu)(wu)(wu)忌自(zi)在(zai)大梁时，常闻(wen)(wen)此两(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)贤，至赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，恐不(bu)(bu)得(de)见(jian)(jian)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)忌从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)游，尚(shang)恐其(qi)不(bu)(bu)我欲也(ye)(ye)，今(jin)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)乃(nai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)羞，其(qi)不(bu)(bu)足从(cong)游。”乃(nai)装为(wei)去。夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)具以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)语平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)。平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)乃(nai)免(mian)冠谢(xie)(xie)，固留(liu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)门下(xia)(xia)闻(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，半去平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)归(gui)(gui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)士复(fu)往(wang)(wang)归(gui)(gui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)倾平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)客。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)留(liu)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)十(shi)年(nian)不(bu)(bu)归(gui)(gui)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)闻(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，日(ri)夜(ye)(ye)出(chu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)东(dong)(dong)伐魏(wei)(wei)(wei)。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)患(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，使(shi)使(shi)往(wang)(wang)请公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)恐其(qi)怒(nu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃(nai)诫门下(xia)(xia)：“有(you)(you)敢为(wei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)通(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)，死。”宾客皆背魏(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，莫敢劝公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)归(gui)(gui)。毛公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、薛(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)两(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)往(wang)(wang)见(jian)(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)重于(yu)(yu)(yu)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，名闻(wen)(wen)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)，徒(tu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)攻(gong)(gong)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)，魏(wei)(wei)(wei)急而(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)恤，使(shi)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)破大梁而(er)夷先王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗庙，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)当(dang)(dang)何面目(mu)立(li)(li)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)乎？”语未(wei)(wei)及卒，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)立(li)(li)变色(se)，告(gao)(gao)车趣驾归(gui)(gui)救(jiu)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)见(jian)(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，相与泣(qi)，而(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)印授公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)遂将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)安(an)厘王(wang)(wang)(wang)三(san)十(shi)年(nian)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)使(shi)使(shi)遍告(gao)(gao)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)闻(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，各遣将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)救(jiu)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)率(lv)五(wu)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)破秦(qin)(qin)(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)河外(wai)，走蒙骜。遂乘胜逐秦(qin)(qin)(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)至函谷关，抑秦(qin)(qin)(qin)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)，秦(qin)(qin)(qin)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)敢出(chu)。当(dang)(dang)是时，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)威振(zhen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)客进兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皆名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故世(shi)俗称(cheng)(cheng)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)患(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃(nai)行金(jin)万斤(jin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)，求晋鄙(bi)客，令毁公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亡(wang)在(zai)外(wai)十(shi)年(nian)矣，今(jin)为(wei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)皆属，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)徒(tu)闻(wen)(wen)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，不(bu)(bu)闻(wen)(wen)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)(yi)欲因此时定南面而(er)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)畏(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威，方欲共立(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”秦(qin)(qin)(qin)数(shu)使(shi)反(fan)间(jian)，伪贺公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)得(de)立(li)(li)为(wei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)未(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)日(ri)闻(wen)(wen)其(qi)毁，不(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)信，后(hou)果使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)代(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)自(zi)知(zhi)再(zai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)毁废，乃(nai)谢(xie)(xie)病(bing)不(bu)(bu)朝，与宾客为(wei)长夜(ye)(ye)饮(yin)，饮(yin)醇酒，多近妇女(nv)。日(ri)夜(ye)(ye)为(wei)乐饮(yin)者(zhe)(zhe)四岁，竟(jing)病(bing)酒而(er)卒。其(qi)岁，魏(wei)(wei)(wei)安(an)厘王(wang)(wang)(wang)亦(yi)(yi)薨。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)闻(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)死，使(shi)蒙骜攻(gong)(gong)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)，拔二十(shi)城，初置东(dong)(dong)郡。其(qi)后(hou)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)稍蚕食魏(wei)(wei)(wei)，十(shi)八岁而(er)虏魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，屠大梁。
高(gao)祖(zu)始微少时，数闻公子贤(xian)。及即(ji)天子位，每过(guo)大梁，常祠(ci)(ci)公子。高(gao)祖(zu)十二年，从击黥(qing)布还，为公子置守冢(zhong)五家(jia)，世世岁(sui)以四(si)时奉祠(ci)(ci)公子。
太史公曰：吾过大梁之墟，求问(wen)其所谓夷(yi)门(men)(men)。夷(yi)门(men)(men)者，城之东门(men)(men)也。天下(xia)诸(zhu)公子亦有(you)喜士者矣，然信陵君之接岩穴隐(yin)者，不耻(chi)下(xia)交，有(you)以(yi)也。名冠诸(zhu)侯，不虚耳。高祖每过之而(er)令(ling)民奉祠(ci)不绝也。
译文
魏(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)叫(jiao)无忌，是魏(wei)(wei)昭王(wang)的(de)小儿子(zi)、魏(wei)(wei)安厘王(wang)的(de)异母弟弟。昭王(wang)去世后，安厘王(wang)即位(wei)，封公(gong)(gong)子(zi)为信陵(ling)君。当(dang)时(shi)范睢(sui)从(cong)魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)逃(tao)出到秦(qin)国(guo)任秦(qin)相，因为怨恨魏(wei)(wei)相魏(wei)(wei)齐屈(qu)打自己(ji)几乎致死 的(de)缘故(gu)，就(jiu)派秦(qin)军围攻(gong)大梁，击败了魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)驻扎在华(hua)阳的(de)部队，使魏(wei)(wei)将芒卯(mao)战败而逃(tao)。魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)和公(gong)(gong)子(zi)对这(zhei)件事十分(fen)焦虑。
公子(zi)的为人仁爱宽(kuan)厚礼贤(xian)下士(shi)(shi)(shi)，士(shi)(shi)(shi)人无论有无才(cai)能或才(cai)能大小，他都谦恭有礼地同他们交往，从来不(bu)敢因为自(zi)己(ji)富(fu)贵而轻慢(man)士(shi)(shi)(shi)人。因此方圆几千里的士(shi)(shi)(shi)人都争相归(gui)附于他，招来食客(ke)三千人。当(dang)时，诸侯(hou)各(ge)国因公子(zi)贤(xian)德，宾(bin)客(ke)众多，连续十几年(nian)不(bu)敢动兵谋犯魏国。
有(you)一(yi)次(ci)，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)跟魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王正在下(xia)(xia)棋(qi)(qi)，不想北边(bian)(bian)边(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)传(chuan)来警报(bao)，说(shuo)“赵(zhao)国发兵进(jin)犯(fan)(fan)，将进(jin)入(ru)边(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)。”魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王立(li)即放(fang)下(xia)(xia)棋(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，就要召集(ji)大臣们商议对(dui)策(ce)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)劝阻(zu)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王说(shuo)：“是(shi)(shi)赵(zhao)王打猎罢了，不是(shi)(shi)进(jin)犯(fan)(fan)边(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)。”又(you)接着跟魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王下(xia)(xia)棋(qi)(qi)如同没发生什(shen)么事(shi)一(yi)样。可是(shi)(shi)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王惊(jing)恐(kong)，心思全没放(fang)在下(xia)(xia)棋(qi)(qi)上。过了一(yi)会(hui)儿，又(you)从(cong)北边(bian)(bian)传(chuan)来消息说(shuo)：“是(shi)(shi)赵(zhao)王打猎罢了，不是(shi)(shi)进(jin)犯(fan)(fan)边(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)。”魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王听后大感(gan)惊(jing)诧，问道(dao)：“公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)怎么知道(dao)的？”公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)回答说(shuo)：“我(wo)(wo)的食客中有(you)个人(ren)能(neng)深(shen)入(ru)底(di)里探到赵(zhao)王的秘密(mi)，赵(zhao)王有(you)什(shen)么行动，他就会(hui)立(li)即报(bao)告(gao)我(wo)(wo)，我(wo)(wo)因此知道(dao)这件(jian)事(shi)。”从(cong)此以后，魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王畏惧公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)贤能(neng)，不敢任用公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)处(chu)理(li)国家大事(shi)。
魏(wei)国有个(ge)(ge)隐士叫(jiao)侯(hou)(hou)嬴，已经七十岁了(le)(le)，家(jia)(jia)(jia)境贫寒(han)，是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)梁城(cheng)东门(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)看(kan)门(men)人(ren)(ren)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)听(ting)说(shuo)了(le)(le)这个(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)派人(ren)(ren)去拜见，并(bing)想(xiang)送给他(ta)一份厚(hou)礼。但是(shi)侯(hou)(hou)嬴不(bu)肯接受，说(shuo)：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)几十年来(lai)修养品德，坚持操守，终(zhong)究不(bu)能(neng)因(yin)我(wo)(wo)(wo)看(kan)门(men)贫困的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缘故(gu)(gu)而(er)接受公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)财(cai)礼。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)于是(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)摆酒(jiu)(jiu)席，宴饮宾客(ke)(ke)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)(jia)来(lai)齐坐(zuo)定之后(hou)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)带着(zhe)车(che)(che)(che)马(ma)以及随从人(ren)(ren)员，空出(chu)车(che)(che)(che)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)左位(wei)，亲(qin)自(zi)(zi)到(dao)(dao)东城(cheng)门(men)去迎(ying)接侯(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。侯(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)整(zheng)理了(le)(le)一下(xia)破旧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衣帽，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)径直(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)了(le)(le)车(che)(che)(che)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)坐(zuo)在(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)空出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尊贵座(zuo)位(wei)，丝(si)毫(hao)没有谦让(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意思，想(xiang)借此观察(cha)一下(xia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)态度。可是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)手握(wo)马(ma)缰绳更(geng)加(jia)(jia)恭(gong)敬。侯(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)又对公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)说(shuo)：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)有个(ge)(ge)朋(peng)友(you)在(zai)(zai)街(jie)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屠宰场，希望委(wei)屈一下(xia)车(che)(che)(che)马(ma)载我(wo)(wo)(wo)去拜访(fang)(fang)(fang)他(ta)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)立即(ji)驾(jia)车(che)(che)(che)前(qian)往进入街(jie)市(shi)，侯(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)下(xia)车(che)(che)(che)去会见他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)朋(peng)友(you)朱亥，他(ta)斜眯(mi)缝着(zhe)眼看(kan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，故(gu)(gu)意久(jiu)久(jiu)地(di)站(zhan)在(zai)(zai)那里，同(tong)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)朋(peng)友(you)聊天，同(tong)时暗(an)暗(an)地(di)观察(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面色(se)(se)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)和悦。在(zai)(zai)这个(ge)(ge)时候(hou)，魏(wei)国的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)将军(jun)、宰相、宗室大(da)(da)(da)(da)臣以及高朋(peng)贵宾坐(zuo)满(man)堂(tang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，正等着(zhe)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)举(ju)杯(bei)开宴。街(jie)市(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)都(dou)(dou)(dou)看(kan)到(dao)(dao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)手握(wo)缰绳替侯(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)驾(jia)车(che)(che)(che)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)随从人(ren)(ren)员都(dou)(dou)(dou)暗(an)自(zi)(zi)责(ze)骂侯(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。侯(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)看(kan)到(dao)(dao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)面色(se)(se)始终(zhong)不(bu)变，才告(gao)别了(le)(le)朋(peng)友(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)了(le)(le)车(che)(che)(che)。到(dao)(dao)家(jia)(jia)(jia)后(hou)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)领(ling)着(zhe)侯(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)坐(zuo)到(dao)(dao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)位(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，并(bing)向全体宾客(ke)(ke)赞扬地(di)介绍(shao)了(le)(le)侯(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，满(man)堂(tang)宾客(ke)(ke)无(wu)不(bu)惊异。大(da)(da)(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)(jia)酒(jiu)(jiu)兴正浓时， 公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)站(zhan)起来(lai)，走到(dao)(dao)侯(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面前(qian)举(ju)杯(bei)为(wei)他(ta)祝寿。侯(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)趁(chen)机(ji)对公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)说(shuo)：“今天我(wo)(wo)(wo)侯(hou)(hou)嬴为(wei)难(nan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也够(gou)劲了(le)(le)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)只是(shi)个(ge)(ge)城(cheng)东门(men)抱(bao)门(men)插关的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)，可是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)委(wei)屈车(che)(che)(che)马(ma)，亲(qin)自(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)庭广众之中迎(ying)接我(wo)(wo)(wo)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)本不(bu)该再(zai)去拜访(fang)(fang)(fang)朋(peng)友(you)，今天公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)竟屈尊陪我(wo)(wo)(wo)拜访(fang)(fang)(fang)他(ta)。可我(wo)(wo)(wo)也想(xiang)成就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)声，故(gu)(gu)意让(rang)(rang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)车(che)(che)(che)马(ma)久(jiu)久(jiu)地(di)停在(zai)(zai)街(jie)市(shi)中，借拜访(fang)(fang)(fang)朋(peng)友(you)来(lai)观察(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，结果公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)谦恭(gong)。街(jie)市(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)都(dou)(dou)(dou)以为(wei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)是(shi)小人(ren)(ren)，而(er)认为(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)个(ge)(ge)高尚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)能(neng)礼贤下(xia)士啊(a)。”在(zai)(zai)这次宴会散了(le)(le)后(hou)，侯(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)便(bian)成了(le)(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)贵客(ke)(ke)。
侯先生(sheng)对公子(zi)说：“我所拜(bai)访的屠夫(fu)朱(zhu)亥(hai)(hai)，是个贤能的人(ren)，只是人(ren)们(men)都不了解他，所以隐没(mei)在屠夫(fu)中罢了。”公子(zi)曾多(duo)次前往拜(bai)见朱(zhu)亥(hai)(hai)，朱(zhu)亥(hai)(hai)故意不回拜(bai)答谢，公子(zi)觉得(de)这个人(ren)很奇(qi)怪。
魏(wei)(wei)(wei)安厘王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)二十年（前257），秦昭王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)已经在(zai)(zai)(zai)长(zhang)平(ping)大败赵(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)军(jun)(jun)队，接着进(jin)兵围攻(gong)邯郸(dan)。公子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)姐姐是(shi)赵(zhao)惠文王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)弟弟平(ping)原君(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)夫(fu)人，多次给魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)和公子(zi)(zi)送信来，向魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)请(qing)(qing)求救(jiu)兵。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)派将军(jun)(jun)晋(jin)鄙(bi)带领十万之众的(de)(de)部队去(qu)救(jiu)赵(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。秦昭王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)得(de)知(zhi)这个消(xiao)息后就派使臣(chen)告诫魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)说：“我(wo)就要(yao)攻(gong)下(xia)赵(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)了，这只是(shi)早(zao)晚(wan)的(de)(de)事(shi)，诸侯(hou)中有谁(shei)敢救(jiu)赵(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)，拿下(xia)赵(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)后，一定调兵先(xian)攻(gong)打(da)它。”魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)很害(hai)怕(pa)，就派人阻止晋(jin)鄙(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)再进(jin)军(jun)(jun)了，把军(jun)(jun)队留在(zai)(zai)(zai)邺城扎营(ying)驻守，名(ming)义上是(shi)救(jiu)赵(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，实际上是(shi)采取两面倒的(de)(de)策略来观望形势的(de)(de)发(fa)展。平(ping)原君(jun)(jun)使臣(chen)的(de)(de)车子(zi)(zi)连续(xu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)断地到魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)来，频频告急，责(ze)备魏(wei)(wei)(wei)公子(zi)(zi)说：“我(wo)赵(zhao)胜之所以自愿依托魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)跟魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)联姻结亲(qin)，就是(shi)因为公子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)道义高尚，能(neng)热心帮(bang)助别(bie)(bie)人摆脱危难(nan)(nan)。如(ru)今邯郸(dan)危在(zai)(zai)(zai)旦夕(xi)，早(zao)晚(wan)就要(yao)投降(jiang)秦国(guo)(guo)(guo)，可(ke)是(shi)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)救(jiu)兵至今不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)来，公子(zi)(zi)能(neng)帮(bang)助别(bie)(bie)人摆脱危难(nan)(nan)又(you)表现在(zai)(zai)(zai)哪里(li)！再说公子(zi)(zi)即(ji)使不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)把我(wo)赵(zhao)胜看在(zai)(zai)(zai)眼(yan)里(li)，抛弃我(wo)让(rang)我(wo)投降(jiang)秦国(guo)(guo)(guo)，难(nan)(nan)道就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)怜你(ni)的(de)(de)姐姐吗？”公子(zi)(zi)为这件事(shi)忧虑万分，屡次请(qing)(qing)求魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)赶(gan)快(kuai)出(chu)兵，又(you)让(rang)宾客(ke)辩士们千(qian)方百(bai)计(ji)地劝(quan)说魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)由于害(hai)怕(pa)秦国(guo)(guo)(guo)，始终(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯(ken)听从公子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)意(yi)见。公子(zi)(zi)估计(ji)终(zhong)究不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)征得(de)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)同意(yi)出(chu)兵了，就决计(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自己活着而让(rang)赵(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)灭亡，于是(shi)请(qing)(qing)来宾客(ke)，凑集了战车一百(bai)多辆，打(da)算(suan)带着宾客(ke)赶(gan)到 战场上去(qu)同秦军(jun)(jun)拼一死(si)命，与赵(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)人一起死(si)难(nan)(nan)。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)带着车(che)队(dui)走过东门(men)时，去(qu)见侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)，把(ba)打算同(tong)秦(qin)(qin)军拼一死(si)(si)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)况全都告诉了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)。然(ran)后向侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)诀别准备上路，行(xing)(xing)前侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)说：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)努力干吧，老臣我(wo)(wo)(wo)不(bu)能随行(xing)(xing)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)走了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)几里(li)(li)路，心里(li)(li)不(bu)痛快，自语(yu)道：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)对待(dai)(dai)侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)算是(shi)够周到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，天下(xia)无人(ren)不(bu)晓，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)我(wo)(wo)(wo)将(jiang)要(yao)死(si)(si)难可是(shi)侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)竟没有一言半语(yu)来(lai)(lai)送我(wo)(wo)(wo)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)难道对待(dai)(dai)他有闪失吗？”于(yu)是(shi)又(you)赶着车(che)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)返回来(lai)(lai)，想(xiang)问问侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)。侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)一见公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)便(bian)笑着说：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)本(ben)来(lai)(lai)就(jiu)知道公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)会回来(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。”又(you)接着说：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)好客(ke)爱(ai)士，闻名(ming)天下(xia)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)有了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)危难，想(xiang)要(yao)去(qu)到秦(qin)(qin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)军队(dui)（同(tong)他作战）就(jiu)像把(ba)肉(rou)扔给(ji)饥(ji)饿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老虎，有什(shen)么(me)(me)作用(yong)呢？如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)这样的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)话，还用(yong)我(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)这些宾客(ke)干什(shen)么(me)(me)呢？公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)待(dai)(dai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)情(qing)深意厚，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)前往(wang)可是(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)不(bu)送行(xing)(xing)，因此知道公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)恼恨(hen)我(wo)(wo)(wo)会返回来(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)连(lian)着两(liang)次向侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)拜礼，进(jin)而(er)问对策。侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)让旁人(ren)离开(kai)，同(tong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)秘密交谈(tan)，说：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)听(ting)说晋鄙(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兵符经常放(fang)在魏王(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)卧室(shi)内，在妻妾中如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)最受宠爱(ai)，她出(chu)入魏王(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)卧室(shi)很随便(bian)，只要(yao)尽力是(shi)能偷出(chu)兵符来(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)还听(ting)说如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父亲被人(ren)杀死(si)(si)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)报仇雪(xue)恨(hen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心志(zhi)积蓄了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)三年之久，从魏王(wang)以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群臣左右都想(xiang)为(wei)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)报仇，但没能如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)愿(yuan)。为(wei)此，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曾(ceng)对公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)哭(ku)诉，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)派门(men)客(ke)斩了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)那个仇人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)头，恭敬地(di)献给(ji)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)要(yao)为(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)效命(ming)而(er)死(si)(si)，是(shi)在所不(bu)辞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，只是(shi)没有行(xing)(xing)动(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)机会罢了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)果(guo)真一开(kai)口请求(qiu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帮忙，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)必定答(da)应(ying)，那么(me)(me)就(jiu)能得到虎符而(er)夺(duo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)晋鄙(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)军权(quan)，北边(bian)可救赵国(guo)，西边(bian)能抵御秦(qin)(qin)国(guo)，这是(shi)春(chun)秋五霸(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)业(ye)啊(a)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)听(ting)从了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)侯(hou)嬴(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)计策，请求(qiu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帮忙。如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)果(guo)然(ran)盗出(chu)晋鄙(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兵符交给(ji)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)拿(na)到了兵符准备上(shang)(shang)路(lu)，侯(hou)先生(sheng)说：“将帅(shuai)在外作战时，有(you)(you)机断处(chu)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)权力(li)，国(guo)君的(de)(de)(de)(de)命令(ling)(ling)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)以不(bu)(bu)(bu)接受，以有(you)(you)利于国(guo)家(jia)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)到那(nei)(nei)里即使两(liang)符相合，验(yan)明无误，可(ke)是(shi)(shi)晋(jin)鄙(bi)(bi)(bi)仍不(bu)(bu)(bu)交给公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)兵权反而(er)(er)再请示魏王(wang)，那(nei)(nei)么事情就(jiu)危险了。我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)朋友屠夫(fu)朱(zhu)亥可(ke)以跟(gen)您一(yi)起(qi)前往，这(zhei)个(ge)人是(shi)(shi)个(ge)大力(li)士(shi)。如果晋(jin)鄙(bi)(bi)(bi)听从，那(nei)(nei)是(shi)(shi)再好(hao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)过了；如果他(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)听从，可(ke)以让朱(zhu)亥击杀(sha)他(ta)(ta)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)听了这(zhei)些话后，便哭了。侯(hou)先生(sheng)见状便问道：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)害怕死(si)呀(ya)？为(wei)什(shen)么哭呢(ni)？”公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)回答(da)说：“晋(jin)鄙(bi)(bi)(bi)是(shi)(shi)魏国(guo)勇猛强悍、富(fu)有(you)(you)经验(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)老将，我(wo)去(qu)他(ta)(ta)那(nei)(nei)里恐怕他(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)会听从命令(ling)(ling)，必定要杀(sha)死(si)他(ta)(ta)，因此我(wo)难过地哭了，哪里是(shi)(shi)怕死(si)呢(ni)？”于是(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)去(qu)请求朱(zhu)亥一(yi)同(tong)前往。朱(zhu)亥笑(xiao)着(zhe)说：“我(wo)只是(shi)(shi)个(ge)市场上(shang)(shang)击刀杀(sha)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)屠夫(fu)，可(ke)是(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)竟(jing)多次登门(men)问候我(wo)，我(wo)之所以不(bu)(bu)(bu)回拜答(da)谢(xie)您，是(shi)(shi)因为(wei)我(wo)认为(wei)小礼(li)小节(jie)没什(shen)么用处(chu)。如今公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)了急难，这(zhei)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)为(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)杀(sha)身效命的(de)(de)(de)(de)时候了。”就(jiu)与公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)一(yi)起(qi)上(shang)(shang)路(lu)了。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)去(qu)向侯(hou)先生(sheng)辞(ci)行(xing)。侯(hou)先生(sheng)说：“我(wo)本(ben)应(ying)随您一(yi)起(qi)去(qu)，可(ke)是(shi)(shi)老了心有(you)(you)余力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足不(bu)(bu)(bu)能成行(xing)。请允许我(wo)计算您行(xing)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)日期，您到达晋(jin)鄙(bi)(bi)(bi)军部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)(nei)一(yi)天，我(wo)面向北刎颈而(er)(er)死(si)，来表达我(wo)为(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)送行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)片忠(zhong)心。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)于是(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)路(lu)出(chu)发。
到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)邺(ye)城，公子(zi)(zi)拿出(chu)兵(bing)(bing)符假传魏王(wang)命令代(dai)替(ti)晋鄙担任(ren)将领。晋鄙合了(le)(le)兵(bing)(bing)符，验证(zheng)无误，但还是怀疑这(zhei)件事，就举着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)手盯着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)公子(zi)(zi)说(shuo)：“如今我(wo)统(tong)帅着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)十万之众的(de)(de)大军(jun)(jun)(jun)，驻扎(zha)在(zai)边境上，这(zhei)是关系到(dao)(dao)国家(jia)(jia)命运的(de)(de)重任(ren)，今天你(ni)只身一(yi)人来(lai)(lai)代(dai)替(ti)我(wo)，这(zhei)是怎么回事呢？”正(zheng)要拒绝接受命令。这(zhei)时朱(zhu)亥取(qu)出(chu)藏在(zai)衣袖里的(de)(de)四(si)十斤铁椎，一(yi)椎击死了(le)(le)晋鄙，公子(zi)(zi)于是统(tong)帅了(le)(le)晋鄙的(de)(de)军(jun)(jun)(jun)队(dui)。然后整顿部(bu)队(dui)，向军(jun)(jun)(jun)中下令说(shuo)：“父子(zi)(zi)都在(zai)军(jun)(jun)(jun)队(dui)里的(de)(de)，父亲回家(jia)(jia)；兄弟同在(zai)军(jun)(jun)(jun)队(dui)里的(de)(de)，长(zhang)兄回家(jia)(jia)；没(mei)有兄弟的(de)(de)独(du)生子(zi)(zi)，回家(jia)(jia)去(qu)奉(feng)养双亲。”经过(guo)整顿选拔，得到(dao)(dao)精兵(bing)(bing)八万人。开跋(ba)前线攻击秦(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)。秦(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)解围撤(che)离(li)而去(qu)，于是邯郸得救，保(bao)住了(le)(le)赵(zhao)国。赵(zhao)王(wang)和平原君到(dao)(dao)郊界(jie)来(lai)(lai)迎(ying)接公子(zi)(zi)。平原君替(ti)公子(zi)(zi)背着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)盛(sheng)满箭支的(de)(de)囊(nang)袋(dai)走在(zai)前面引路(lu)。赵(zhao)王(wang)连着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)两次拜谢说(shuo)：“自古以来(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)贤人没(mei)有一(yi)个赶上公子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)。”在(zai)这(zhei)个时候，平原君不敢再(zai)拿自己(ji)跟别人相(xiang)比了(le)(le)。公子(zi)(zi)与侯(hou)先生诀别之后，在(zai)到(dao)(dao)达邺(ye)城军(jun)(jun)(jun)营的(de)(de)那一(yi)天，侯(hou)先生果(guo)然面向北刎颈而死。
魏(wei)(wei)王恼怒公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)盗(dao)出(chu)了他的(de)兵符，假(jia)(jia)传君令(ling)击杀(sha)晋鄙(bi)，这一(yi)点公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也是明知的(de)。所以在(zai)(zai)打退秦军(jun)拯救赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)之后，就(jiu)让部(bu)将带着部(bu)队返(fan)回(hui)魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)去(qu)，而公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)自(zi)(zi)己和他的(de)门(men)客就(jiu)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)了赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)。赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)孝成王感激(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)假(jia)(jia)托君命(ming)夺取晋鄙(bi)军(jun)权从而保住了赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)这一(yi)义举，就(jiu)与平(ping)原君商(shang)量，把(ba)五座城(cheng)邑(yi)(yi)封赏给(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)听到(dao)这个(ge)消息后，产生了骄傲自(zi)(zi)大的(de)情绪，露出(chu)了居功自(zi)(zi)满的(de)神色。门(men)客中有(you)(you)个(ge)人劝说公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)道：“事物有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以忘记(ji)的(de)，也有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忘记(ji)的(de)。别(bie)人对公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)恩德，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以忘记(ji)；公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)对别(bie)人有(you)(you)恩德，希望公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)忘掉它。况(kuang)且假(jia)(jia)托魏(wei)(wei)王命(ming)令(ling)，夺取晋鄙(bi)兵权去(qu)救赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)，这对赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)来说算(suan)是有(you)(you)功劳(lao)了，但对魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)来说那就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)算(suan)忠臣(chen)了。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)却因此自(zi)(zi)以为(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)功，觉得了不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起，我私下认为(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)实在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)应该。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)听后，立刻责备(bei)自(zi)(zi)己，好像无(wu)(wu)地自(zi)(zi)容一(yi)样。赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)召开盛大欢迎宴会，赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王打扫(sao)了殿堂台阶，亲自(zi)(zi)到(dao)门(men)口迎接(jie)贵客，并(bing)执行主人的(de)礼节，领着公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)走(zou)进殿堂的(de)西边台阶。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)则侧着身子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)走(zou)一(yi)再推辞(ci)谦(qian)让，并(bing)主动从东边的(de)台阶升堂。宴会上，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)称说自(zi)(zi)己有(you)(you)罪，对不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)，于赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)也无(wu)(wu)功劳(lao)可(ke)言。赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王陪着公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)饮酒(jiu)直到(dao)傍晚，始终不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)好意思(si)开口谈(tan)封献五座城(cheng)邑(yi)(yi)的(de)事，因为(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)总是在(zai)(zai)谦(qian)让自(zi)(zi)责。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)终于留(liu)在(zai)(zai)了赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)。赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王把(ba)鄗（hao，耗(hao)）邑(yi)(yi)封赏给(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，这时魏(wei)(wei)王也把(ba)信陵邑(yi)(yi)又奉还给(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)仍留(liu)在(zai)(zai)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)。
公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)听(ting)说赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)有两个(ge)有才有德而没有从政的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，一个(ge)是(shi)毛公(gong)(gong)藏(zang)身于(yu)赌徒(tu)中，一个(ge)是(shi)薛公(gong)(gong)藏(zang)身在(zai)酒(jiu)店里(li)，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)很(hen)想见(jian)(jian)(jian)见(jian)(jian)(jian)这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)两个(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，可是(shi)这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)两个(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)躲了(le)起来不(bu)(bu)肯(ken)见(jian)(jian)(jian)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)打听(ting)到他(ta)(ta)们(men)的(de)(de)(de)藏(zang)身地址，就悄悄地步行去同这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)两个(ge)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)往，彼(bi)此都(dou)以相(xiang)识为(wei)(wei)乐事(shi)，很(hen)是(shi)高兴。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)知(zhi)道(dao)了(le)这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)个(ge)情(qing)况，就对他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)说：“当初我听(ting)说夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)弟弟魏(wei)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)个(ge)举世无(wu)双的(de)(de)(de)大贤人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，如今我听(ting)说他(ta)(ta)竟然(ran)胡来，跟那伙赌徒(tu)、酒(jiu)店伙计交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)往，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)只(zhi)是(shi)个(ge)无(wu)知(zhi)妄(wang)为(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)罢(ba)了(le)。”平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)把(ba)(ba)(ba)这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)些话告(gao)诉(su)了(le)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)听(ting)后就向(xiang)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)告(gao)辞准备(bei)(bei)离(li)(li)开(kai)这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)里(li)，说：“以前我听(ting)说平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)贤德，所以背弃魏(wei)王而救(jiu)赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)，满足了(le)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)要求。现(xian)在(zai)才知(zhi)道(dao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)与人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)往，只(zhi)是(shi)显示富贵的(de)(de)(de)豪放举动罢(ba)了(le)，他(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)求取贤士人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才啊。我从在(zai)大梁(liang)时，就常常听(ting)说这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)两个(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)贤能(neng)有才，到了(le)赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)，我惟恐(kong)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)见(jian)(jian)(jian)到他(ta)(ta)们(men)。拿我这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)个(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)跟他(ta)(ta)们(men)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)往，还怕他(ta)(ta)们(men)不(bu)(bu)要我呢，现(xian)在(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)竟然(ran)把(ba)(ba)(ba)跟他(ta)(ta)们(men)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)往看作是(shi)羞辱(ru)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)个(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)值(zhi)得结交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。”于(yu)是(shi)就整(zheng)理行装准备(bei)(bei)离(li)(li)去。夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)把(ba)(ba)(ba)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)话全都(dou)告(gao)诉(su)了(le)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)听(ting)了(le)自感惭愧便去向(xiang)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)脱帽谢罪，坚决地把(ba)(ba)(ba)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)挽(wan)留下(xia)(xia)来。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)门(men)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)宾客们(men)听(ting)到这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)件事(shi)，有一半人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)离(li)(li)开(kai)了(le)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)归(gui)附于(yu)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，天下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)士人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也都(dou)去投靠公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，归(gui)附在(zai)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)门(men)下(xia)(xia)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)使(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)宾客仰慕而尽都(dou)到公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)门(men)下(xia)(xia)来。
公(gong)(gong)子(zi)留(liu)在(zai)赵国(guo)(guo)十年不(bu)(bu)回(hui)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)。秦国(guo)(guo)听说(shuo)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)留(liu)在(zai)赵国(guo)(guo)，就(jiu)日夜不(bu)(bu)停地(di)发(fa)兵向东进攻(gong)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)为此事(shi)焦(jiao)虑万分，就(jiu)派使臣(chen)去请公(gong)(gong)子(zi)回(hui)国(guo)(guo)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)仍担心魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)恼(nao)怒(nu)自己，就(jiu)告诫门下宾(bin)客(ke)说(shuo)：“有敢(gan)替魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)使臣(chen)通报传达的(de)(de)，处死(si)。”由于宾(bin)客(ke)们都是(shi)背(bei)弃(qi)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)来到赵国(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)，所以(yi)没(mei)谁敢(gan)劝公(gong)(gong)子(zi)回(hui)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)。这时，毛公(gong)(gong)和(he)薛公(gong)(gong)两人去见公(gong)(gong)子(zi)说(shuo)：“公(gong)(gong)子(zi)所以(yi)在(zai)赵国(guo)(guo)受到尊重，名扬诸侯，只是(shi)因为有魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)存在(zai)啊。现在(zai)秦国(guo)(guo)进攻(gong)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)，魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)危急而公(gong)(gong)子(zi)毫不(bu)(bu)顾(gu)念，假使秦国(guo)(guo)攻(gong)破(po)大梁而把(ba)您先祖的(de)(de)宗庙(miao)夷平，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)还有什么(me)脸(lian)(lian)面(mian)活在(zai)世上呢？”话还没(mei)说(shuo)完，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)脸(lian)(lian)色(se)立即变了，嘱(zhu)咐车(che)夫赶快套(tao)车(che)回(hui)去救魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)。
魏王见到公(gong)子，两人不禁相对落泪(lei)，魏王把上(shang)将军大印授给公(gong)子，公(gong)子便正式担任了上(shang)将军这(zhei)个统帅(shuai)军队的最高职务(wu)。
魏(wei)安厘王三十年（前247），公(gong)(gong)子派使(shi)(shi)臣把自己担任上将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)职务一事通报给各(ge)(ge)个诸(zhu)侯国(guo)。诸(zhu)侯们得(de)知公(gong)(gong)子担任了(le)上将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)，都各(ge)(ge)自调兵遣将(jiang)(jiang)救援魏(wei)国(guo)。公(gong)(gong)子率领(ling)五个诸(zhu)侯国(guo)的军(jun)(jun)队在黄河以(yi)南地(di)区把秦(qin)军(jun)(jun)打得(de)大败(bai)，使(shi)(shi)秦(qin)将(jiang)(jiang)蒙骜败(bai)逃。进而乘胜追(zhui)击(ji)直到函(han)谷(gu)关，把秦(qin)军(jun)(jun)压在函(han)谷(gu)关内，使(shi)(shi)他们不敢再出关。当(dang)时，公(gong)(gong)子的声威震(zhen)动天下，各(ge)(ge)诸(zhu)侯国(guo)来(lai)的宾客都进献(xian)兵法，公(gong)(gong)子把它们合(he)在一起签上自己的名字，所以(yi)世上俗称《魏(wei)公(gong)(gong)子兵法》。
秦(qin)王(wang)担(dan)忧公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)将进(jin)一(yi)步(bu)威胁(xie)秦(qin)国(guo)(guo)，就使(shi)用(yong)(yong)了万(wan)斤黄金到(dao)魏(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)贿，寻找晋鄙原来的(de)那(nei)些(xie)门(men)客，让他(ta)们在(zai)(zai)魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)面(mian)(mian)前进(jin)谗言说：“公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)流(liu)亡在(zai)(zai)外十(shi)年(nian)(nian)了，现在(zai)(zai)担(dan)任魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)大将，诸侯国(guo)(guo)的(de)将领都归他(ta)指(zhi)挥，诸侯们只(zhi)知(zhi)道魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)有个(ge)魏(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)，不(bu)知(zhi)道还有个(ge)魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)要乘这个(ge)时机决定称王(wang)。诸侯们害(hai)怕(pa)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)权势(shi)声(sheng)威，正打(da)算(suan)共同出面(mian)(mian)拥立他(ta)为(wei)王(wang)呢。”秦(qin)国(guo)(guo)又多次(ci)实行(xing)(xing)反间，利用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)秦(qin)国(guo)(guo)的(de)魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)间谍，假装不(bu)知(zhi)情地(di)请他(ta)们向公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)祝贺(he)问是否已(yi)经立为(wei)魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)了。魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)天天听到(dao)这些(xie)毁谤公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)话，不(bu)能不(bu)信以为(wei)真，后来果然(ran)派人代替公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)担(dan)任上将军。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)自己明知(zhi)这是又一(yi)次(ci)因毁谤而被废黜，于是就推托(tuo)有病(bing)(bing)不(bu)上朝了，他(ta)在(zai)(zai)家里与(yu)宾客们通宵(xiao)达(da)旦地(di)宴饮(yin)，痛(tong)饮(yin)烈性酒，常跟女人厮混，这样(yang)日日夜(ye)夜(ye)寻欢作(zuo)乐度(du)过了四年(nian)(nian)，终于因饮(yin)酒无(wu)度(du)患病(bing)(bing)死亡，这一(yi)年(nian)(nian)，魏(wei)(wei)安厘王(wang)也(ye)去世了。
秦(qin)王得到(dao)公(gong)子已(yi)死的消(xiao)息，就(jiu)派蒙骜进攻魏(wei)国，攻占(zhan)了(le)二十(shi)座城邑，开(kai)始设立东郡。从(cong)此以后，秦(qin)国逐渐(jian)地像蚕食桑叶一样侵占(zhan)魏(wei)国领土，过了(le)十(shi)八年便俘虏了(le)魏(wei)王假，屠杀大梁军民，毁掉了(le)这座都城。
汉高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)当初地位(wei)低(di)贱时(shi)，就(jiu)多次(ci)听别人(ren)说魏公(gong)子(zi)(zi)贤德有才(cai)。等(deng)到(dao)他即位(wei)做(zuo)了皇帝后，每次(ci)经过(guo)大梁，常常去祭祀(si)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)。汉高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)十二年（前195），他从击(ji)败叛(pan)将黥布的前线(xian)归来，经过(guo)大梁时(shi)为公(gong)子(zi)(zi)安置了五户人(ren)家，专门看守(shou)他的坟墓，让他们世世代代每年按四季祭祀(si)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)。
太史公说：我经(jing)过大(da)梁废墟时(shi)，曾寻(xun)访那(nei)个(ge)所谓的夷(yi)门(men)。原来(lai)夷(yi)门(men)就是大(da)梁城(cheng)的东门(men)。天下诸多公子中也确有(you)好客喜士的，但只(zhi)有(you)信陵君(jun)能(neng)(neng)够交结(jie)(jie)那(nei)些隐没在社会各个(ge)角落(luo)的人物，他(ta)不(bu)(bu)以交结(jie)(jie)下层(ceng)贱(jian)民为耻辱，是很(hen)有(you)道(dao)理(li)的。他(ta)的名声远远超过诸侯，的确不(bu)(bu)是虚传。因此，高祖每次经(jing)过大(da)梁便命令百姓祭祀他(ta)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)断绝。
说明
魏公子(zi)(zi)即信(xin)陵君，是“战(zhan)国四公子(zi)(zi)”之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。他(ta)名冠诸侯，声震天下，其才德远(yuan)远(yuan)超过齐之(zhi)(zhi)孟尝、赵之(zhi)(zhi)平原、楚(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)春申，《魏公子(zi)(zi)列传》便是司马迁倾注(zhu)了高(gao)度(du)热情为信(xin)陵君所(suo)立的一(yi)篇专(zhuan)传。
传中(zhong)(zhong)详细(xi)地(di)叙述了信(xin)(xin)(xin)陵君从(cong)保存魏(wei)国(guo)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)出(chu)发，屈(qu)尊求贤，不(bu)(bu)耻下(xia)(xia)(xia)交(jiao)的(de)(de)一系(xi)列活动，如(ru)驾(jia)车虚左亲(qin)自迎接门役侯(hou)嬴于大庭广众之中(zhong)(zhong)，多(duo)次卑身拜访屠夫朱亥以及(ji)秘密结交(jiao)赌徒毛公(gong)、卖浆者薛公(gong)等；着重记写了他(ta)(ta)在(zai)(zai)这(zhei)些“岩穴隐(yin)者”的(de)(de)鼎力相助(zhu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，不(bu)(bu)顾个人安危(wei)，不(bu)(bu)谋一己之利，挺身而出(chu)完成“窃符救(jiu)赵”和“却秦存魏(wei)”的(de)(de)历(li)史(shi)大业。从(cong)而，歌颂了信(xin)(xin)(xin)陵君心(xin)系(xi)魏(wei)国(guo)，礼贤下(xia)(xia)(xia)士，救(jiu)人于危(wei)难之中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)品质。这(zhei)也(ye)是(shi)本(ben)传的(de)(de)主旨所在(zai)(zai)。诚如(ru)《太史(shi)公(gong)自序》所言，“能以富贵下(xia)(xia)(xia)贫(pin)贱，贤能诎于不(bu)(bu)肖，唯信(xin)(xin)(xin)陵君为能行之”。值得注(zhu)意的(de)(de)是(shi)，传中(zhong)(zhong)以大量(liang)笔墨描写了下(xia)(xia)(xia)层社会的(de)(de)几个人物（也(ye)可以看作是(shi)附(fu)传），特别是(shi)门役侯(hou)嬴，他(ta)(ta)身处市井心(xin)怀魏(wei)国(guo)，才智远非那般王侯(hou)公(gong)卿所能比。如(ru)果说，信(xin)(xin)(xin)陵君在(zai)(zai)历(li)史(shi)舞台上演(yan)出(chu)了一幕“窃符救(jiu)赵”的(de)(de)壮(zhuang)举(ju)而为人们(men)所称颂的(de)(de)话；那么，门役侯(hou)嬴则是(shi)这(zhei)幕壮(zhuang)举(ju)的(de)(de)总(zong)导演(yan)，他(ta)(ta)更令(ling)人敬佩、景仰。这(zhei)反(fan)(fan)映了司马迁重视人民群众力量(liang)的(de)(de)进步历(li)史(shi)观(guan)。信(xin)(xin)(xin)陵君的(de)(de)结局是(shi)不(bu)(bu)幸的(de)(de)，他(ta)(ta)才高遭嫉，竟被(bei)魏(wei)王废黜，以致沉湎酒色，终因“病酒”而死(si)。这(zhei)既真实地(di)揭示了信(xin)(xin)(xin)陵君思(si)想(xiang)性(xing)格的(de)(de)弱点，更重要的(de)(de)是(shi)揭露了最(zui)高统治(zhi)者嫉贤妒能，打击(ji)忠良的(de)(de)丑(chou)恶行径，可以说反(fan)(fan)映了那个时代的(de)(de)某种(zhong)带有(you)规律性(xing)的(de)(de)东西。
这(zhei)是一篇出(chu)色的(de)传(chuan)记文学作(zuo)品。叙事(shi)精于选材(cai)，信(xin)(xin)陵(ling)君门客三千(qian)，才(cai)干非凡，一生(sheng)的(de)活(huo)(huo)动(dong)千(qian)头万绪(xu)，作(zuo)者着眼(yan)(yan)于突出(chu)传(chuan)旨，选择了“窃符救赵(zhao)”这(zhei)一重大历史(shi)(shi)事(shi)件作(zuo)为叙事(shi)的(de)中(zhong)心，并围(wei)绕(rao)这(zhei)个(ge)(ge)中(zhong)心组织材(cai)料，从而将(jiang)(jiang)其一生(sheng)诸多方面(mian)的(de)活(huo)(huo)动(dong)凝聚起来，既突出(chu)了信(xin)(xin)陵(ling)君的(de)主要思想性格，又(you)反映(ying)了历史(shi)(shi)的(de)真实面(mian)貌，使人(ren)(ren)们在(zai)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)的(de)活(huo)(huo)动(dong)中(zhong)看到历史(shi)(shi)，在(zai)历史(shi)(shi)的(de)发展中(zhong)了解(jie)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)，把人(ren)(ren)物(wu)、历史(shi)(shi)都写(xie)(xie)活(huo)(huo)了。刻(ke)(ke)画(hua)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)性格，手法多样，如(ru)刻(ke)(ke)画(hua)信(xin)(xin)陵(ling)君礼贤下士的(de)品格，有(you)对人(ren)(ren)物(wu)言行心理的(de)直(zhi)接描(miao)绘，也有(you)借(jie)助周围(wei)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)的(de)对比(bi)烘托。细(xi)节描(miao)写(xie)(xie)也相(xiang)当(dang)成功，如(ru)写(xie)(xie)晋鄙(bi)合符验证后的(de)怀疑心理时用“举手视公子(zi)”几个(ge)(ge)字加以刻(ke)(ke)画(hua)，一个(ge)(ge)动(dong)作(zuo)、一个(ge)(ge)眼(yan)(yan)神便把一位嚄(huo)宿(su)将(jiang)(jiang)当(dang)时当(dang)地惊奇、自信(xin)(xin)、决不轻易交出(chu)兵(bing)权的(de)神态活(huo)(huo)灵活(huo)(huo)现(xian)的(de)呈现(xian)在(zai)读者面(mian)前，可谓(wei)神来之笔(bi)。
通篇洋溢着作者对信陵君的(de)敬慕(mu)、赞叹(tan)和惋(wan)惜的(de)感情，不独篇名(ming)直呼“公(gong)子(zi)”，就是文(wen)中(zhong)称“公(gong)子(zi)”即有(you)一百(bai)四十七次，所谓“无限唱叹(tan)，无限低徊”。茅(mao)坤说：“信陵君是太史(shi)公(gong)胸中(zhong)得意人，故(gu)本传亦太史(shi)公(gong)得意文(wen)。”（《史(shi)记钞》）可算是知言了。
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