卷一 一之一
◎周南关雎诂训(xun)传第一
陆德明《音义》曰：《周南》，周者，代名，其地在《禹贡》雍州之域，岐山之阳，於汉属扶风美阳县；南者，言周之德化自岐阳而先被南方，故《序》云“化自北而南也”。《汉广序》又云“文王之道，被於南国”是也。
○《关(guan)雎》，七胥(xu)反，依字“且(qie)”边(bian)“隹”，且(qie)音(yin)子馀反，旁或(huo)作(zuo)(zuo)“鸟(niao)”。“故(gu)(gu)训”，旧(jiu)本(ben)多作(zuo)(zuo)“故(gu)(gu)”，今(jin)或(huo)作(zuo)(zuo)“诂(gu)(gu)(gu)”，音(yin)古，又音(yin)故(gu)(gu)。传，音(yin)直(zhi)恋(lian)反。案：诂(gu)(gu)(gu)、故(gu)(gu)皆(jie)是古义，所(suo)以(yi)两行。然前(qian)儒多作(zuo)(zuo)“诂(gu)(gu)(gu)解”，而章句(ju)有“故(gu)(gu)言”，郭(guo)景(jing)纯注《尔(er)雅》则作(zuo)(zuo)“释(shi)诂(gu)(gu)(gu)”，樊、孙等《尔(er)雅》本(ben)皆(jie)为(wei)“释(shi)故(gu)(gu)”。今(jin)宜随本(ben)，不烦(fan)改字。
[疏]正义(yi)(yi)(yi)曰：《关雎》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，诗(shi)(shi)篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，既以(yi)(yi)(yi)《关雎》为(wei)(wei)(wei)首，遂(sui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)《关雎》为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)卷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)。《金縢(teng)》云(yun)(yun)：“公乃为(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)贻王，名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰《鸱鸮》。”然(ran)则(ze)篇(pian)(pian)名(ming)皆作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)(suo)自名(ming)，既言(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)(shi)，乃云(yun)(yun)名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)先作(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)，后为(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)也(ye)。名(ming)篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例，义(yi)(yi)(yi)无定准(zhun)，多不(bu)(bu)过五，少才取一(yi)。或偏举两字，或全取一(yi)句(ju)。偏举则(ze)或上(shang)或下(xia)，全取则(ze)或尽或馀。亦有舍(she)其(qi)篇(pian)(pian)首，撮(cuo)章中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)；或复都遗见(jian)文，假外理(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)定称(cheng)。《黄鸟》显绵蛮(man)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌(mao)，《草虫(chong)》弃喓々之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)，“瓜(gua)瓞”取绵绵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)，《瓠(hu)叶》舍(she)番番之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)，“夭夭”与桃名(ming)而(er)俱(ju)举，“蚩蚩”从氓状(zhuang)而(er)见(jian)遗，《召旻》、《韩奕》则(ze)采合上(shang)下(xia)，《驺虞(yu)》、《权舆》则(ze)并举篇(pian)(pian)末。其(qi)中蹖駮(bo)不(bu)(bu)可胜论。岂古(gu)(gu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无常，何立(li)名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)(yi)与？以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)非一(yi)人，故名(ming)无定目(mu)。“诂(gu)(gu)训(xun)(xun)(xun)传(chuan)(chuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，注解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)(bie)名(ming)。毛以(yi)(yi)(yi)《尔雅》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)多为(wei)(wei)(wei)释(shi)(shi)(shi)《诗(shi)(shi)》，而(er)篇(pian)(pian)有《释(shi)(shi)(shi)诂(gu)(gu)》、《释(shi)(shi)(shi)训(xun)(xun)(xun)》，故依《尔雅》训(xun)(xun)(xun)而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)《诗(shi)(shi)》立(li)传(chuan)(chuan)。传(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，传(chuan)(chuan)通(tong)其(qi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。《尔雅》所(suo)(suo)释(shi)(shi)(shi)十有九(jiu)篇(pian)(pian)，独云(yun)(yun)诂(gu)(gu)、训(xun)(xun)(xun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，诂(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)古(gu)(gu)也(ye)，古(gu)(gu)今异(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，通(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使人知(zhi)也(ye)；训(xun)(xun)(xun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)道也(ye)，道物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌(mao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)告人也(ye)。《释(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)》则(ze)《释(shi)(shi)(shi)诂(gu)(gu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)(bie)，故《尔雅序(xu)篇(pian)(pian)》云(yun)(yun)：《释(shi)(shi)(shi)诂(gu)(gu)》、《释(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)》，通(tong)古(gu)(gu)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字，古(gu)(gu)与今异(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)。《释(shi)(shi)(shi)训(xun)(xun)(xun)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)形(xing)貌(mao)也(ye)。然(ran)则(ze)“诂(gu)(gu)训(xun)(xun)(xun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，通(tong)古(gu)(gu)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)(yi)辞，辨(bian)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)貌(mao)，则(ze)解释(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)尽归於(wu)此(ci)。《释(shi)(shi)(shi)亲》已下(xia)，皆指体而(er)释(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)别(bie)(bie)，亦是诂(gu)(gu)训(xun)(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)，故唯言(yan)(yan)(yan)诂(gu)(gu)训(xun)(xun)(xun)，足总众篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)。今定本作(zuo)“故”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)《诗(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)“古(gu)(gu)训(xun)(xun)(xun)是式”，《毛传(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)“古(gu)(gu)，故也(ye)”，则(ze)“故训(xun)(xun)(xun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故昔(xi)典(dian)训(xun)(xun)(xun)。依故昔(xi)典(dian)训(xun)(xun)(xun)而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)传(chuan)(chuan)，义(yi)(yi)(yi)或当然(ran)。《毛传(chuan)(chuan)》不(bu)(bu)训(xun)(xun)(xun)序(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)分置篇(pian)(pian)首，义(yi)(yi)(yi)理(li)易(yi)明，性(xing)好简略(lve)，故不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)传(chuan)(chuan)。郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)序(xu)下(xia)无传(chuan)(chuan)，不(bu)(bu)须(xu)辨(bian)嫌(xian)，故注序(xu)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)笺。《说文》云(yun)(yun)：“第(di)，次(ci)也(ye)。字从竹、弟。”称(cheng)“第(di)一(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)次(ci)第(di)当一(yi)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)分别(bie)(bie)先后也(ye)。
毛(mao)(mao)诗国(guo)(guo)风(feng)《毛(mao)(mao)诗》，“诗”是此书(shu)之名，“毛(mao)(mao)”者(zhe)(zhe)，传(chuan)《诗》人姓(xing)，既有(you)齐、鲁、韩三家，故(gu)题姓(xing)以别之，或云小毛(mao)(mao)公。加“毛(mao)(mao)诗”二(er)字(zi)，又云河閒献王所加，故(gu)大题在(zai)下。案：马(ma)融、卢植(zhi)、郑玄注三《礼》，并大题在(zai)下，班固《汉书(shu)》、陈寿(shou)《三国(guo)(guo)志》题亦(yi)然。《国(guo)(guo)风(feng)》，国(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)总谓(wei)十五(wu)国(guo)(guo)，风(feng)者(zhe)(zhe)诸侯之诗。从《关雎》至《驺虞》二(er)十五(wu)篇，谓(wei)之“正风(feng)”。
[疏(shu)]正义曰：《诗(shi)·国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)风(feng)(feng)》，旧题也(ye)(ye)。“毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)”字，汉(han)世(shi)加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《六艺论》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“河(he)閒(xian)献(xian)(xian)(xian)王(wang)好学，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)博(bo)士(shi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)善说诗(shi)，献(xian)(xian)(xian)王(wang)号(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰《毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)诗(shi)》。”是献(xian)(xian)(xian)王(wang)始加“毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)”也(ye)(ye)。《汉(han)书(shu)(shu)·儒林传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)，赵(zhao)(zhao)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)河(he)閒(xian)献(xian)(xian)(xian)王(wang)博(bo)士(shi)。”不(bu)(bu)言(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名。范煜《后(hou)(hou)(hou)汉(han)书(shu)(shu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“赵(zhao)(zhao)人(ren)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)长传(chuan)《诗(shi)》，是为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)诗(shi)》。”然则(ze)(ze)(ze)赵(zhao)(zhao)人(ren)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)名为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)长也(ye)(ye)。《谱(pu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“鲁人(ren)大(da)(da)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《诂训传(chuan)》於(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)家，河(he)閒(xian)献(xian)(xian)(xian)王(wang)得(de)(de)(de)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)献(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)博(bo)士(shi)。”然则(ze)(ze)(ze)大(da)(da)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)传(chuan)，由小(xiao)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)题毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)也(ye)(ye)。“诗(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，一部之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)名。“国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)风(feng)(feng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，十五(wu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总(zong)称。不(bu)(bu)冠於(wu)(wu)(wu)《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)退(tui)在下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，按郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)三(san)《礼》、《周(zhou)(zhou)易》、《中候》、《尚书(shu)(shu)》皆(jie)(jie)大(da)(da)名在下，孔(kong)(kong)安国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、马季(ji)长、卢植、王(wang)肃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所注(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)莫不(bu)(bu)尽(jin)然。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)本题自然，非注(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)移之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，定本亦然，当(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)皆(jie)(jie)在第下，足得(de)(de)(de)总(zong)摄故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。班固(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)《汉(han)书(shu)(shu)》，陈(chen)寿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撰(zhuan)《国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)志》，亦大(da)(da)名在下，盖(gai)取(qu)法於(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)典也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)《国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)风(feng)(feng)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是风(feng)(feng)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)界，诗(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)当(dang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)别，故(gu)(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)风(feng)(feng)》。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)《雅(ya)》则(ze)(ze)(ze)天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，政(zheng)(zheng)教刑于四海，不(bu)(bu)须言(yan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)(zhou)》、《召》，风(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正经(jing)，固(gu)(gu)当(dang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou)。自卫(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下，十有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)馀(yu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，编此(ci)先(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，旧无(wu)明说，去圣久远，难得(de)(de)(de)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)知。欲言(yan)先(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)次，则(ze)(ze)(ze)齐(qi)哀先(xian)(xian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)卫(wei)(wei)顷，郑(zheng)(zheng)武后(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)桧国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)卫(wei)(wei)在齐(qi)先(xian)(xian)，桧处(chu)郑(zheng)(zheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，是不(bu)(bu)由作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)。欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)序，则(ze)(ze)(ze)郑(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)，魏(wei)(wei)狭於(wu)(wu)(wu)晋，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)齐(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)郑(zheng)(zheng)，魏(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)唐，是不(bu)(bu)由国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)小(xiao)也(ye)(ye)。欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)得(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)次，则(ze)(ze)(ze)《鸡鸣》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)远在《缁(zi)衣》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前，郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)必处(chu)桧诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，何当(dang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)先(xian)(xian)采(cai)，先(xian)(xian)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)采(cai)乎？是不(bu)(bu)由采(cai)得(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)。二(er)三(san)拟议，悉(xi)皆(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)可，则(ze)(ze)(ze)诸(zhu)(zhu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)所次，别有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)意焉(yan)。盖(gai)迹其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先(xian)(xian)封善否，参其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美恶，验其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)时政(zheng)(zheng)得(de)(de)(de)失，详其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)小(xiao)，斟(zhen)酌所宜，以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次。邶、鄘、卫(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，商纣畿(ji)内(nei)千里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，《柏舟(zhou)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，夷王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)康叔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馀(yu)烈(lie)，武公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛德，资母弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戚，成(cheng)(cheng)入相之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勋(xun)(xun)，文公(gong)(gong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)灭而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)复兴，徙而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)富，土(tu)地(di)既(ji)(ji)(ji)广，诗(shi)又早作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“变风(feng)(feng)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首(shou)(shou)。既(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)卫(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou)，邶、鄘则(ze)(ze)(ze)卫(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所灭，风(feng)(feng)俗(su)虽(sui)(sui)异(yi)，美刺则(ze)(ze)(ze)同(tong)，依其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)《邶》、《鄘》先(xian)(xian)《卫(wei)(wei)》也(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)(zhou)则(ze)(ze)(ze)平王(wang)东迁，政(zheng)(zheng)遂(sui)微弱，化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所被，才及郊畿(ji)，诗(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)卫(wei)(wei)顷，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)狭於(wu)(wu)(wu)千里，徒以(yi)(yi)(yi)天命未改，王(wang)爵(jue)仍存，不(bu)(bu)可过于后(hou)(hou)(hou)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯，故(gu)(gu)使(shi)次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)《卫(wei)(wei)》也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)史(shi)伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋，列为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，桓为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)徒，甚得(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)(zhou)众，武公(gong)(gong)夹(jia)辅平王(wang)，克成(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)业，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)厉、宣(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)缁(zi)衣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)虽(sui)(sui)狭，既(ji)(ji)(ji)亲且勋(xun)(xun)，故(gu)(gu)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次《王(wang)》也(ye)(ye)。齐(qi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)异(yi)姓诸(zhu)(zhu)侯，世(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)衰德，哀公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)荒淫(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)，襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鸟(niao)兽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行，辞有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)怨刺，篇无(wu)美者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，又以(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)师(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)土(tu)仍大(da)(da)，故(gu)(gu)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次《郑(zheng)(zheng)》也(ye)(ye)。魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)虽(sui)(sui)小(xiao)，俭而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)勤，踵虞舜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧风(feng)(feng)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)夏(xia)禹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗化，故(gu)(gu)季(ji)札(zha)观乐(le)，美其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诗(shi)音，云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)婉(wan)，俭而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)易，行以(yi)(yi)(yi)德辅，此(ci)则(ze)(ze)(ze)明主也(ye)(ye)”，故(gu)(gu)次於(wu)(wu)(wu)《齐(qi)》。唐者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，叔虞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，虽(sui)(sui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，昭公(gong)(gong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)五(wu)世(shi)交争，献(xian)(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)则(ze)(ze)(ze)丧(sang)乱弘(hong)多(duo)(duo)，故(gu)(gu)次於(wu)(wu)(wu)《魏(wei)(wei)》下。秦(qin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)秦(qin)仲始大(da)(da)，襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)始命，穆公(gong)(gong)遂(sui)霸西戎，卒为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)强国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，故(gu)(gu)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次《唐》也(ye)(ye)。陈(chen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)恪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)，食侯爵(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，但以(yi)(yi)(yi)民多(duo)(duo)淫(yin)昏，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)无(wu)令主，故(gu)(gu)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次《秦(qin)》也(ye)(ye)。桧则(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君淫(yin)恣(zi)，曹则(ze)(ze)(ze)小(xiao)人(ren)多(duo)(duo)宠(chong)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)小(xiao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)君奢，民劳而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)政(zheng)(zheng)僻，季(ji)札(zha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所不(bu)(bu)讥，《国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)风(feng)(feng)》次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)末(mo)，宜哉。《豳(bin)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，欲尊(zun)(zun)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)，使(shi)专一国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，故(gu)(gu)次於(wu)(wu)(wu)众国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，《小(xiao)雅(ya)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前，欲兼其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美，非诸(zhu)(zhu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)《谱(pu)》，《王(wang)》在《豳(bin)》后(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，退(tui)就(jiu)《雅(ya)》、《颂》，并言(yan)王(wang)世(shi)故(gu)(gu)耳。诸(zhu)(zhu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次，当(dang)是大(da)(da)师(shi)所弟。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)删定，或(huo)(huo)亦改张(zhang)。襄(xiang)二(er)十九(jiu)年(nian)《左传(chuan)》，鲁为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)季(ji)札(zha)遍(bian)歌(ge)周(zhou)(zhou)乐(le)，《齐(qi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下即歌(ge)《豳(bin)》、歌(ge)《秦(qin)》，然后(hou)(hou)(hou)歌(ge)《魏(wei)(wei)》。杜预云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“於(wu)(wu)(wu)《诗(shi)》，《豳(bin)》第十五(wu)，《秦(qin)》第十一，后(hou)(hou)(hou)仲尼删定，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。”杜以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)今所弟皆(jie)(jie)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制，孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前则(ze)(ze)(ze)如《左传(chuan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次。郑(zheng)(zheng)意或(huo)(huo)亦然也(ye)(ye)。《乡饮(yin)酒》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“无(wu)筭乐(le)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“燕乐(le)亦无(wu)数，或(huo)(huo)间或(huo)(huo)合，尽(jin)欢而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)止。《春(chun)秋》襄(xiang)二(er)十九(jiu)年(nian)，吴(wu)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)札(zha)来聘，请观於(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)乐(le)，此(ci)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)筭也(ye)(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)遍(bian)歌(ge)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)数，不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)次为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)无(wu)筭也(ye)(ye)。
郑氏(shi)(shi)笺(jian)郑氏(shi)(shi)笺(jian)，本(ben)亦作“笺(jian)”，同(tong)，荐年反。《字林》云：“笺(jian)，长也。识也。”案：郑《六艺论》文(wen)，注《诗》宗毛(mao)为(wei)(wei)主，其义若隐略，则更表明(ming)，如(ru)有不同(tong)，即下己(ji)意，使可(ke)识别也。然(ran)此(ci)题(ti)(ti)非毛(mao)公、马(ma)、郑、王肃等题(ti)(ti)，相传云是雷(lei)(lei)次(ci)宗题(ti)(ti)，承用既久，莫(mo)敢(gan)(gan)为(wei)(wei)异。又(you)案：周续(xu)之与雷(lei)(lei)次(ci)宗同(tong)受慧远法师《诗》义，而续(xu)之释题(ti)(ti)已如(ru)此(ci)，又(you)恐非雷(lei)(lei)之题(ti)(ti)也。疑(yi)未(wei)敢(gan)(gan)明(ming)之。
[疏]正义曰：郑(zheng)(zheng)氏(shi)名(ming)(ming)玄，字(zi)(zi)康成，北海高(gao)密人，当后(hou)汉(han)桓、灵之(zhi)(zhi)时注(zhu)(zhu)此(ci)书也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不言(yan)名(ming)(ming)而言(yan)氏(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，汉(han)承(cheng)灭学(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，典籍出於(wu)人间，各专间命氏(shi)，以(yi)(yi)显其(qi)家之(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)，故诸(zhu)为(wei)(wei)训(xun)(xun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)云(yun)氏(shi)，不言(yan)名(ming)(ming)。由此(ci)而言(yan)，毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)氏(shi)为(wei)(wei)传，亦(yi)应自(zi)载“毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)”字(zi)(zi)，但(dan)不必冠“诗”上耳。不然，献王(wang)得之(zhi)(zhi)，何知(zhi)(zhi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)？明(ming)(ming)其(qi)自(zi)言(yan)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)矣(yi)。郑(zheng)(zheng)於(wu)诸(zhu)经(jing)皆(jie)谓之(zhi)(zhi)“注(zhu)(zhu)”，此(ci)言(yan)“笺”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，吕忱《字(zi)(zi)林》云(yun)：“笺者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，表也(ye)(ye)(ye)，识也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)学(xue)(xue)审(shen)备，遵畅厥(jue)旨，所以(yi)(yi)表明(ming)(ming)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)意(yi)，记识其(qi)事，故特称为(wei)(wei)“笺”。馀经(jing)无所遵奉(feng)，故谓之(zhi)(zhi)“注(zhu)(zhu)”。注(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，著也(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)解说，使(shi)其(qi)义著明(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。汉(han)初(chu)，为(wei)(wei)传训(xun)(xun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)与经(jing)别行，三《传》之(zhi)(zhi)文不与经(jing)连，故石经(jing)书《公(gong)羊传》皆(jie)无经(jing)文。《艺文志》云(yun)：《毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)诗》经(jing)二十九卷，《毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)诗故训(xun)(xun)传》三十卷。是毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)为(wei)(wei)诂训(xun)(xun)亦(yi)与经(jing)别也(ye)(ye)(ye)。及(ji)马融为(wei)(wei)《周(zhou)礼》之(zhi)(zhi)注(zhu)(zhu)，乃云(yun)：“欲省学(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)两读，故具载本文。”然则后(hou)汉(han)以(yi)(yi)来，始就经(jing)为(wei)(wei)注(zhu)(zhu)，未审(shen)此(ci)《诗》引经(jing)附传是谁为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)笺当元在经(jing)传之(zhi)(zhi)下矣(yi)。其(qi)《毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)诗》经(jing)二十九卷，不知(zhi)(zhi)并(bing)何卷也(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)“周(zhou)南(nan)”至“郑(zheng)(zheng)氏(shi)笺”凡一十六字(zi)(zi)，所题非一时也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“周(zhou)南(nan)关雎”至“第一诗国风”，元是大师所题也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“诂训(xun)(xun)传”，毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)自(zi)题之(zhi)(zhi)。“毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)”一字(zi)(zi)，献王(wang)加之(zhi)(zhi)。“郑(zheng)(zheng)氏(shi)笺”，郑(zheng)(zheng)自(zi)题之(zhi)(zhi)。
《关(guan)雎(ju)》，后(hou)(hou)妃之(zhi)德(de)也(ye)，《关(guan)雎(ju)》，旧(jiu)解(jie)云(yun)：“三(san)百一十(shi)一篇诗(shi)，并是(shi)作者自为(wei)名。”后(hou)(hou)妃，芳非反。《尔雅》云(yun)：“妃，姬也(ye)，对也(ye)。”《左传(chuan)》云(yun)：“嘉耦(ou)曰妃。”《礼记(ji)》云(yun)：“天(tian)子之(zhi)妃曰后(hou)(hou)。”“之(zhi)德(de)也(ye)”，旧(jiu)说云(yun)：“起此至‘用(yong)之(zhi)邦国焉’，名《关(guan)雎(ju)序(xu)》，谓之(zhi)《小序(xu)》。自‘风，风也(ye)’讫末(mo)，名为(wei)《大序(xu)》。”沈重云(yun)：“案郑《诗(shi)谱(pu)》意，《大序(xu)》是(shi)子夏作，《小序(xu)》是(shi)子夏、毛公(gong)合作。卜商意有不(bu)尽，毛更足成之(zhi)。”或云(yun)《小序(xu)》是(shi)东(dong)海卫敬仲所(suo)作。今谓此序(xu)止(zhi)是(shi)《关(guan)雎(ju)》之(zhi)序(xu)，总论《诗(shi)》之(zhi)纲领(ling)，无(wu)大小之(zhi)异(yi)。解(jie)见(jian)《诗(shi)义序(xu)》。并是(shi)郑注，所(suo)以无(wu)“笺云(yun)”者，以无(wu)所(suo)疑乱(luan)故也(ye)。
[疏]“《关雎》，后妃之德也”。
○正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)曰：诸序皆(jie)一篇(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，但《诗(shi)(shi)》理(li)深广，此为篇(pian)端，故以(yi)(yi)(yi)《诗(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大纲并(bing)举於此。今分(fen)为十五节，当节自解(jie)次第，於此不复烦文(wen)。作《关雎》诗(shi)(shi)者，言(yan)(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)也(ye)。《曲礼》曰：“天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)曰后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。”注云：“后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)。”执理(li)内事(shi)，在夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)。《释诂》云：“妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，媲也(ye)。”言(yan)(yan)(yan)媲匹於夫(fu)也(ye)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)唯称后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)耳。妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)则(ze)(ze)(ze)上下(xia)通名，故以(yi)(yi)(yi)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)配后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)而言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。德(de)(de)者，得也(ye)，自得於身(shen)，人行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总名。此篇(pian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)性(xing)行(xing)和谐(xie)，贞专化(hua)下(xia)，寤寐求贤(xian)，供(gong)奉职事(shi)，是后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)也(ye)。二(er)《南》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风，实文(wen)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)，而美后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)者，以(yi)(yi)(yi)夫(fu)妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)，人伦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重，故夫(fu)妇(fu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)则(ze)(ze)(ze)父子(zi)(zi)(zi)亲，父子(zi)(zi)(zi)亲则(ze)(ze)(ze)君臣(chen)敬，是以(yi)(yi)(yi)《诗(shi)(shi)》者歌(ge)其(qi)性(xing)情。阴阳为重，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)《诗(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为体，多(duo)序男女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。不言(yan)(yan)(yan)美后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者，此诗(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作，直是感其(qi)德(de)(de)泽，歌(ge)其(qi)性(xing)行(xing)，欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)发(fa)扬圣化(hua)，示语未知，非是褒赏后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)能(neng)(neng)为此行(xing)也(ye)。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)经(jing)(jing)例不言(yan)(yan)(yan)美，皆(jie)此意(yi)也(ye)。其(qi)变诗(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)政教已失，为恶者多(duo)，苟能(neng)(neng)为善(shan)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)赏其(qi)善(shan)事(shi)。征伐玁狁，始见忧国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)；瞻仰昊天(tian)，方知求雨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)切，意(yi)与(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)经(jing)(jing)有(you)异，故序每篇(pian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)美也(ye)。
风之始也，所以风天下而正夫妇也，故用之乡人焉，用之邦国焉。
○风(feng)(feng)之始，此风(feng)(feng)谓十五国风(feng)(feng)，风(feng)(feng)是诸侯政教也(ye)。下云“所以风(feng)(feng)天下”，《论语(yu)》云“君子之德风(feng)(feng)”，并(bing)是此义。“所以风(feng)(feng)”，如字。徐福(fu)凤反(fan)，今不用。
[疏]“风之”至“国焉”。
○正义曰：序以(yi)后妃(fei)乐得淑女，不(bu)淫其(qi)(qi)色，家人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)细事耳，而编於(wu)(wu)(wu)《诗》首，用(yong)为歌(ge)(ge)乐，故(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)后妃(fei)德(de)(de)下(xia)即申明此(ci)意(yi)，言后妃(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有美德(de)(de)，文王(wang)风(feng)(feng)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言文王(wang)行化，始於(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)妻，故(gu)用(yong)此(ci)为风(feng)(feng)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始，所(suo)以(yi)风(feng)(feng)化天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)，而使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皆(jie)正夫(fu)妇(fu)焉(yan)。周公制礼(li)(li)作(zuo)乐，用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乡(xiang)人(ren)焉(yan)，令乡(xiang)大(da)夫(fu)以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)其(qi)(qi)民(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；又用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邦(bang)国焉(yan)，令天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)诸侯以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)其(qi)(qi)臣(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。欲使天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)庶民(min)(min)，悉知(zhi)此(ci)诗皆(jie)正夫(fu)妇(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)郑《谱》云“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子诸侯燕(yan)其(qi)(qi)群臣(chen)，皆(jie)歌(ge)(ge)《鹿鸣》，合乡(xiang)乐”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。定本“所(suo)以(yi)风(feng)(feng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)”，俗本“风(feng)(feng)”下(xia)有“化”字(zi)，误也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《仪礼(li)(li)》乡(xiang)饮酒礼(li)(li)者，乡(xiang)大(da)夫(fu)三(san)年宾贤(xian)能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)，其(qi)(qi)经(jing)云“乃(nai)合乐《周南(nan)·关(guan)雎(ju)》”，是(shi)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乡(xiang)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。燕(yan)礼(li)(li)者，诸侯饮燕(yan)其(qi)(qi)臣(chen)子及宾客(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)，其(qi)(qi)经(jing)云“遂(sui)(sui)歌(ge)(ge)乡(xiang)乐、《周南(nan)·关(guan)雎(ju)》”，是(shi)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邦(bang)国也(ye)(ye)(ye)。施化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，自上而下(xia)，当(dang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子教(jiao)诸侯，教(jiao)大(da)夫(fu)，大(da)夫(fu)教(jiao)其(qi)(qi)民(min)(min)。今此(ci)先(xian)(xian)言风(feng)(feng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)而正夫(fu)妇(fu)焉(yan)，既言化及于民(min)(min)，遂(sui)(sui)从民(min)(min)而广(guang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)先(xian)(xian)乡(xiang)人(ren)而后邦(bang)国也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《老子》云：“脩(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家，其(qi)(qi)德(de)(de)乃(nai)馀。脩(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邦(bang)，其(qi)(qi)德(de)(de)乃(nai)丰。脩(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)，其(qi)(qi)德(de)(de)乃(nai)普。”亦自狭至(zhi)广(guang)，与此(ci)同意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
风(feng)(feng)，风(feng)(feng)也，教也。风(feng)(feng)以动之(zhi)，教以化之(zhi)。“风(feng)(feng)，风(feng)(feng)也”，并如(ru)字。徐(xu)上如(ru)字，下福凤(feng)反(fan)。崔灵(ling)恩《集注》本(ben)下即作“讽(feng)”字。刘氏云(yun)：“动物曰(yue)风(feng)(feng)，讬音曰(yue)讽(feng)。”崔云(yun)：“用(yong)风(feng)(feng)感物则谓之(zhi)讽(feng)。”沈(shen)云(yun)：“上风(feng)(feng)是(shi)《国风(feng)(feng)》，即《诗》之(zhi)六义也。下风(feng)(feng)即是(shi)风(feng)(feng)伯鼓(gu)动之(zhi)风(feng)(feng)。君(jun)上风(feng)(feng)教，能(neng)鼓(gu)动万物，如(ru)风(feng)(feng)之(zhi)偃草也。”今从沈(shen)说(shuo)。“风(feng)(feng)以动之(zhi)”，如(ru)字。沈(shen)福凤(feng)反(fan)，云(yun)：“谓自(zi)下剌上，感动之(zhi)名(ming)，变(bian)风(feng)(feng)也。”今不用(yong)。
[疏(shu)]“风风”至“化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)”。正义曰：上言(yan)风之(zhi)(zhi)始，谓教天下之(zhi)(zhi)始也(ye)。序又解名教为风之(zhi)(zhi)意，风训讽也(ye)，教也(ye)。讽谓微加(jia)晓告(gao)，教谓殷勤诲示。讽之(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)教，始末(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)异名耳。言(yan)王者施化(hua)，先依违讽谕(yu)以动之(zhi)(zhi)，民渐开悟(wu)，乃后(hou)明教命以化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)。风之(zhi)(zhi)所吹，无(wu)物(wu)不扇(shan)；化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)所被(bei)，无(wu)往不沾，故(gu)取名焉(yan)。
诗者，志之所之也，在心(xin)为志，发(fa)言为诗。
[疏]“诗者”至“为诗”。
○正义(yi)曰：上言(yan)用(yong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)以教(jiao)，此又解作诗(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)由。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)者，人志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意之(zhi)所(suo)之(zhi)適(shi)也(ye)；虽有所(suo)適(shi)，犹未发口，蕴藏在心，谓之(zhi)为志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；发见於(wu)言(yan)，乃名为诗(shi)(shi)(shi)。言(yan)作诗(shi)(shi)(shi)者，所(suo)以舒心志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愤懑，而卒成於(wu)歌咏，故《虞(yu)书》谓之(zhi)“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”也(ye)。包管万虑，其名曰心；感物(wu)而动，乃呼为志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)所(suo)適(shi)，外(wai)物(wu)感焉，言(yan)悦豫之(zhi)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)和乐(le)兴而颂声作，忧愁之(zhi)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)哀伤起而怨刺生(sheng)。《艺文志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》云“哀乐(le)之(zhi)情感，歌咏之(zhi)声发”，此之(zhi)谓也(ye)。正经与(yu)变，同(tong)名曰诗(shi)(shi)(shi)，以其俱是(shi)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)所(suo)之(zhi)故也(ye)。
情动於中而形於言，言之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)足，故嗟叹(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)，嗟叹(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)足，故永歌(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)，永歌(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)足，不(bu)知手之(zhi)(zhi)舞之(zhi)(zhi)、足之(zhi)(zhi)蹈(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。嗟，迹(ji)斜反(fan)，咨嗟也(ye)(ye)。歎，本亦作(zuo)叹(tan)(tan)，汤赞反(fan)，叹(tan)(tan)息也(ye)(ye)。蹈(dao)，徒到(dao)反(fan)，动足履地也(ye)(ye)。
[疏]“情动”至“蹈之”。
○正义曰：上云(yun)(yun)“发(fa)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)”，辨诗(shi)、志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)，而直(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)非诗(shi)，故(gu)(gu)更序诗(shi)必长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)歌(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。情(qing)(qing)谓(wei)(wei)哀乐(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)(qing)，中(zhong)谓(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)哀乐(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)(qing)动(dong)(dong)於(wu)(wu)心(xin)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，出口而形见於(wu)(wu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。初言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，直(zhi)(zhi)平言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。平言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而意(yi)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，嫌(xian)(xian)其(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)未申志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)咨(zi)嗟(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)息以(yi)和续之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。嗟(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)犹嫌(xian)(xian)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，故(gu)(gu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)引声而歌(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)歌(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)犹嫌(xian)(xian)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，忽然不(bu)(bu)知手(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舞(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蹈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)身(shen)(shen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)心(xin)使，不(bu)(bu)自觉知举手(shou)(shou)(shou)而舞(wu)身(shen)(shen)、动(dong)(dong)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)而蹈地(di)，如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)而后(hou)得舒心(xin)腹(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愤(fen)，故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)必长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)歌(ge)(ge)也(ye)。圣王以(yi)人情(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)用(yong)诗(shi)於(wu)(wu)乐(le)(le)，使人歌(ge)(ge)咏其(qi)声，象其(qi)吟咏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞也(ye)；舞(wu)动(dong)(dong)其(qi)容，象其(qi)舞(wu)蹈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形也(ye)。具象哀乐(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形，然后(hou)得尽其(qi)心(xin)术焉。“情(qing)(qing)动(dong)(dong)於(wu)(wu)中(zhong)”，还是(shi)(shi)(shi)“在心(xin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，而“形於(wu)(wu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”，还是(shi)(shi)(shi)“发(fa)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)”，上辨诗(shi)从志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出，此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)必歌(ge)(ge)，故(gu)(gu)重其(qi)文也(ye)。定本(ben)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，故(gu)(gu)嗟(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，俗本(ben)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”下有“者(zhe)”字，误也(ye)。定本(ben)“永(yong)(yong)(yong)歌(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”下无(wu)“故(gu)(gu)”字，有“故(gu)(gu)”字者(zhe)，亦(yi)误也(ye)。《乐(le)(le)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)：“歌(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)，长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。说(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，故(gu)(gu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，故(gu)(gu)嗟(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；嗟(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)知手(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舞(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蹈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”其(qi)文与(yu)此(ci)经略同。“说(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，谓(wei)(wei)说(shuo)前事，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出于口，与(yu)此(ci)情(qing)(qing)动(dong)(dong)形言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)也(ye)。《虞书》曰：“歌(ge)(ge)永(yong)(yong)(yong)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。”注云(yun)(yun)：“歌(ge)(ge)所以(yi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)永(yong)(yong)(yong)歌(ge)(ge)、长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)事也(ye)。《乐(le)(le)记(ji)》注云(yun)(yun)：“嗟(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)，和续之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。”谓(wei)(wei)发(fa)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，咨(zi)嗟(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)息为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)声，以(yi)和其(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)而继续之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。《乐(le)(le)记(ji)》先(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃云(yun)(yun)嗟(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；此(ci)先(xian)云(yun)(yun)嗟(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃云(yun)(yun)永(yong)(yong)(yong)歌(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。直(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)既已(yi)嗟(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)，长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)歌(ge)(ge)又复嗟(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)，彼此(ci)各(ge)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)一(yi)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)同也(ye)。《艺文志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)：“诵(song)(song)其(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)，咏其(qi)声谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)。”然则在心(xin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，出口为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，诵(song)(song)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)，咏声为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歌(ge)(ge)，播於(wu)(wu)八音谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乐(le)(le)，皆始末(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)名耳。
情发於声，声成文谓之音。发犹见也。声谓宫、商、角、徵、羽也。声成文者，宫、商上下相应。
○犹见(jian)，贤遍反(fan)。徵，陟里反(fan)。上下，时掌反(fan)。应(ying)，应(ying)对之应(ying)，下注同(tong)。
[疏]“情发於”至“之音”。
○正义曰：情发於声，谓人哀乐之情发见於言语之声，於时虽言哀乐之事，未有宫、商之调，唯是声耳。至於作诗之时，则次序清浊，节奏高下，使五声为曲，似五色成文，一人之身则能如此。据其成文之响，即是为音。此音被诸弦管，乃名为乐，虽在人在器，皆得为音。下云治世之音谓乐音，则此“声成文谓之音”亦谓乐之音也。原夫作乐之始，乐写人音，人音有小大高下之殊，乐器有宫、徵、商、羽之异，依人音而制乐，讬乐器以写人，是乐本效人，非人效乐。但乐曲既定，规矩先成，后人作诗，谟摩旧法，此声成文谓之音。若据乐初之时，则人能成文，始入於乐。若据制乐之后，则人之作诗，先须成乐之文，乃成为音。声能写情，情皆可见。听音而知治乱，观乐而晓盛衰，故神瞽有以知其趣也。设有言而非志，谓之矫情，情见於声，矫亦可识。若夫取彼素丝，织为绮縠，或色美而材薄，或文恶而质良，唯善贾者别之。取彼歌谣，播为音乐，或辞是而意非，或言邪而志正，唯达乐者晓之。《乐记》曰：“其哀心感者，其声噍以杀；其乐心感者，其声发以散。”是情之所感入於乐也。季札见歌《唐》曰：“思深哉，其有陶唐氏之遗民乎！”是乐之声音得其情也。若徒取辞赋，不达音声，则身为桀、纣之行，口出尧、舜之辞，不可得而知也。是以《楚茨》、《大田》之徒并陈成王之善，《行露》、《汝坟》之篇皆述纣时之恶。以《汝坟》为王者之《风》，《楚茨》为剌过之《雅》，大师晓其作意，知其本情故也。
○笺“发犹”至“相应”。
○正义曰：《春官·大(da)师(shi)职》云(yun)：“文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)声(sheng)：宫(gong)(gong)、商(shang)、角(jiao)、徵、羽(yu)(yu)。”是声(sheng)必(bi)有五(wu)(wu)(wu)，故引(yin)五(wu)(wu)(wu)声(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)声(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)(fang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，於(wu)(wu)《月令》角(jiao)东、商(shang)西、徵南、羽(yu)(yu)北、宫(gong)(gong)在中(zhong)央。立名(ming)(ming)还以(yi)(yi)其方(fang)(fang)为(wei)义，《汉书·律历志》云(yun)：“商(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)言章(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，物成(cheng)熟可章(zhang)度也(ye)(ye)(ye)。角(jiao)，触也(ye)(ye)(ye)。物触地而(er)出，戴(dai)芒角(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。宫(gong)(gong)，中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。居中(zhong)央，畅四方(fang)(fang)，唱始施生(sheng)，为(wei)四声(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纲也(ye)(ye)(ye)。徵，祉(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，物盛大(da)而(er)蕃祉(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。羽(yu)(yu)，宇(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，物聚(ju)藏宇(yu)覆(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)云(yun)：“宫(gong)(gong)为(wei)君(jun)。”君(jun)是阳(yang)，阳(yang)数(shu)极於(wu)(wu)九，故宫(gong)(gong)数(shu)八十一(yi)。三分去(qu)一(yi)以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)徵，徵数(shu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十四。三分益一(yi)以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)商(shang)，商(shang)数(shu)七十二。三分去(qu)一(yi)以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)羽(yu)(yu)，羽(yu)(yu)数(shu)四十八。三分益一(yi)以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)角(jiao)，角(jiao)数(shu)六十四。《乐(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》云(yun)：“声(sheng)相(xiang)(xiang)应(ying)，故生(sheng)变(bian)。变(bian)成(cheng)方(fang)(fang)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。”注云(yun)：“方(fang)(fang)犹(you)文(wen)章(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“乐(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器，弹其宫(gong)(gong)则(ze)(ze)众宫(gong)(gong)应(ying)，然不足乐(le)(le)，是以(yi)(yi)变(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使杂也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”引(yin)昭二十年《左(zuo)传(chuan)》曰：“若以(yi)(yi)水(shui)济水(shui)，谁能(neng)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？若琴瑟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)专(zhuan)壹，谁能(neng)听(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？”是解(jie)声(sheng)必(bi)须杂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此言“声(sheng)成(cheng)文(wen)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)”，则(ze)(ze)声(sheng)与音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)别。《乐(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》注：“杂比(bi)曰音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，单出曰声(sheng)。”《记(ji)(ji)(ji)》又(you)云(yun)：“审(shen)(shen)声(sheng)以(yi)(yi)知音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，审(shen)(shen)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)以(yi)(yi)知乐(le)(le)。”则(ze)(ze)声(sheng)、音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、乐(le)(le)三者(zhe)(zhe)不同(tong)矣。以(yi)(yi)声(sheng)变(bian)乃(nai)成(cheng)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)和乃(nai)成(cheng)乐(le)(le)，故别为(wei)三名(ming)(ming)。对(dui)文(wen)则(ze)(ze)别，散则(ze)(ze)可以(yi)(yi)通。季札见歌《秦》曰：“此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)夏声(sheng)。”《公羊传(chuan)》云(yun)：“十一(yi)而(er)税(shui)，颂声(sheng)作。”声(sheng)即音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。下(xia)云(yun)“治世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)”，音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)即乐(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是声(sheng)与音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、乐(le)(le)名(ming)(ming)得相(xiang)(xiang)通也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》子夏对(dui)魏文(wen)侯(hou)云(yun)：“君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所问(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)乐(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。所好者(zhe)(zhe)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)乐(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)，与音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)相(xiang)(xiang)近而(er)不同(tong)。”又(you)以(yi)(yi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、乐(le)(le)为(wei)异者(zhe)(zhe)。以(yi)(yi)文(wen)侯(hou)并(bing)问(wen)古(gu)(gu)乐(le)(le)、新(xin)乐(le)(le)，二者(zhe)(zhe)同(tong)呼为(wei)乐(le)(le)，谓(wei)其乐(le)(le)、音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。子夏以(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)乐(le)(le)顺於(wu)(wu)民(min)而(er)当(dang)於(wu)(wu)神，与天下(xia)同(tong)乐(le)(le)，故定为(wei)乐(le)(le)。名(ming)(ming)新(xin)乐(le)(le)，淫於(wu)(wu)色而(er)害於(wu)(wu)德，直申(shen)说其音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)已，故变(bian)言溺音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，以(yi)(yi)晓文(wen)侯(hou)耳。音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、乐(le)(le)非为(wei)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》云(yun)“淫乐(le)(le)慝(ni)礼”，子夏亦云(yun)“古(gu)(gu)乐(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)发”，“新(xin)乐(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)发”，是郑(zheng)、卫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)亦为(wei)乐(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
治世之音，安以乐，其政和。乱世之音，怨以怒，其政乖。亡国之音，哀以思，其民困。
○治，直吏反。“之音”绝句。“乐”，音洛，绝句。“其政和”，一读“安”字(zi)上属，“以乐其政和”为一句。下放此，思，息吏反。
[疏]“治世”至“民困”。
○正义曰(yue)：序既云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“情见於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)”，又(you)(you)言(yan)(yan)“声(sheng)(sheng)随世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)变(bian)(bian)”。治(zhi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)既安(an)(an)又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)欢乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，由(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)政(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)和睦故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)既怨(yuan)又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)恚怒者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，由(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)政(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)乖(guai)戾故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亡(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)既哀(ai)又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)愁(chou)思(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，由(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)困(kun)苦故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)哀(ai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)感(gan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)噍(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)杀；其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)心(xin)(xin)(xin)感(gan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)啴(tan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缓。”彼(bi)(bi)说(shuo)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)兼(jian)有(you)二(er)事，此(ci)安(an)(an)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)、怨(yuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)怒亦与(yu)(yu)彼(bi)(bi)同。治(zhi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)和顺(shun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)心(xin)(xin)(xin)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)安(an)(an)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)喜乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，述(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)安(an)(an)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)而(er)(er)(er)作(zuo)歌(ge)，故(gu)(gu)治(zhi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)亦安(an)(an)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《良耜(si)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“百室盈止，妇子(zi)宁止。”安(an)(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)极也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《湛(zhan)露》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“厌(yan)厌(yan)夜饮，不(bu)(bu)(bu)醉无归。”乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《天(tian)(tian)保》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)质矣，日(ri)用饮食(shi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)政(zheng)和也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)与(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)心(xin)(xin)(xin)乖(guai)戾，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)怨(yuan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)政(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)忿(fen)怒，述(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)怨(yuan)怒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)而(er)(er)(er)作(zuo)歌(ge)，故(gu)(gu)乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)亦怨(yuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)怒也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《蓼(liao)莪》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)穀，我(wo)独何(he)害！”怨(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《巷伯》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“取彼(bi)(bi)谮人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，投畀(bi)豺虎。”怒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《十月》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“彻(che)我(wo)墙(qiang)屋，田卒汙莱。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)政(zheng)乖(guai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。国(guo)(guo)将灭亡(wang)(wang)(wang)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)遭困(kun)厄，哀(ai)伤(shang)己(ji)身，思(si)(si)慕明世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，述(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)哀(ai)思(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)而(er)(er)(er)作(zuo)歌(ge)，故(gu)(gu)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)亦哀(ai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)思(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《苕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)华》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“知(zhi)(zhi)我(wo)如(ru)此(ci)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)无生。”哀(ai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《大(da)东》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“眷言(yan)(yan)顾(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，潸焉(yan)出涕(ti)。”思(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)笃(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《正月》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无禄，天(tian)(tian)夭是(shi)(shi)(shi)椓(zhuo)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)困(kun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诗(shi)述(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)志，乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)歌(ge)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)诗(shi)，故(gu)(gu)时政(zheng)善恶见於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。治(zhi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)下和平(ping)，乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)兵革不(bu)(bu)(bu)息，亡(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将亡(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)而(er)(er)(er)国(guo)(guo)存(cun)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。亡(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)则(ze)(ze)(ze)国(guo)(guo)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)而(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)绝，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)政(zheng)，亡(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)政(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)困(kun)必(bi)政(zheng)暴，举其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)困(kun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)甚辞，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)政(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亡(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，国(guo)(guo)实未亡(wang)(wang)(wang)，观(guan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)歌(ge)咏，知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)必(bi)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)，故(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)耳，非(fei)已亡(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)已亡(wang)(wang)(wang)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)无复作(zuo)诗(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)有(you)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、亡(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)贤(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)子(zi)听其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)，故(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、亡(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)》所(suo)(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郑、卫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)；桑閒、濮上(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，亡(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)”，与(yu)(yu)此(ci)异(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。淫(yin)(yin)恣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，肆於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)上(shang)(shang)，满志纵欲(yu)(yu)，甘酒(jiu)嗜音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，作(zuo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)新声(sheng)(sheng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自娱(yu)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)皆乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)而(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，无哀(ai)怨(yuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，君(jun)子(zi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)，小人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)欲(yu)(yu)。”彼(bi)(bi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)欲(yu)(yu)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)淫(yin)(yin)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，必(bi)乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)必(bi)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)，故(gu)(gu)亦谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、亡(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)耳，与(yu)(yu)此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然，此(ci)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)言(yan)(yan)哀(ai)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)出于民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)情，乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)从(cong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)而(er)(er)(er)变(bian)(bian)，乃是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)能变(bian)(bian)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，非(fei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)能变(bian)(bian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。案《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)》称“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)(xin)(xin)感(gan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物而(er)(er)(er)后动，先王慎所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)感(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)(gu)作(zuo)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)和其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)。乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)感(gan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)深，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)移(yi)风(feng)易俗(su)”。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“志微、噍(jiao)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)作(zuo)而(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)思(si)(si)忧，廉直、庄(zhuang)诚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)作(zuo)而(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)肃(su)敬，宽裕、顺(shun)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)作(zuo)而(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)慈(ci)爱(ai)，流僻、邪(xie)散之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)作(zuo)而(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)淫(yin)(yin)乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)。”如(ru)彼(bi)(bi)文，又(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)能变(bian)(bian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)由(you)(you)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)(suo)(suo)制(zhi)(zhi)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)逐乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)(er)变(bian)(bian)。此(ci)言(yan)(yan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)能变(bian)(bian)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，彼(bi)(bi)言(yan)(yan)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)能变(bian)(bian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但兆民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)既众，贤(xian)(xian)愚不(bu)(bu)(bu)等，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贤(xian)(xian)哲(zhe)歌(ge)谣采(cai)诗(shi)定乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)；以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)(suo)(suo)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，教(jiao)(jiao)愚者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)；取智(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)，变(bian)(bian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)智(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)，制(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事亦犹是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。礼(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，称人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情而(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)文，贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)俯而(er)(er)(er)就(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)肖者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)企而(er)(er)(er)及之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)下民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)行，非(fei)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)行也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。圣王亦取贤(xian)(xian)行以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)贤(xian)(xian)，举得(de)(de)中(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)裁不(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)。《礼(li)(li)记(ji)·问丧》称：“礼(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)从(cong)天(tian)(tian)降(jiang)，非(fei)从(cong)地出，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)情而(er)(er)(er)已矣。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)意出於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)》又(you)(you)曰(yue)：“凡(fan)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)起，由(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)(xin)(xin)生也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)自生。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)意出於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)》又(you)(you)曰(yue)：“夫物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)感(gan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)无穷，而(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好恶无节(jie)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)物至而(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)灭天(tian)(tian)理而(er)(er)(er)穷人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)欲(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)悖逆诈(zha)伪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)，有(you)淫(yin)(yin)佚作(zuo)乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。故(gu)(gu)先王制(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)作(zuo)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)采(cai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)情制(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。礼(li)(li)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)本(ben)出於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，还以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，与(yu)(yu)夫云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)出於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)山，复雨其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)山；火生於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)木，反(fan)焚其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)木，复何(he)异(yi)哉！
故正得失，动天地，感鬼神，莫近於诗。
○“正得失”，周(zhou)云：“正齐人之得失也。”本(ben)又作“政”，谓政教(jiao)也，两通。“近(jin)”，如字(zi)，沈音附近(jin)之近(jin)。
[疏]“故正”至“於诗”。
○正(zheng)义曰：上(shang)言(yan)播诗(shi)(shi)(shi)於音(yin)，音(yin)从(cong)政变，政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)恶(e)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)在於诗(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)又言(yan)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功德也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。由诗(shi)(shi)(shi)为乐章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)，正(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)得(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行，变动天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灵，感(gan)致(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，无有近(jin)於诗(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)。言(yan)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)最近(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，馀事莫(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《公羊传》说(shuo)《春秋(qiu)》功德云(yun)：“拨乱世，反诸(zhu)正(zheng)，莫(mo)近(jin)诸(zhu)《春秋(qiu)》。”何休云(yun)：“莫(mo)近(jin)，犹莫(mo)过(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”诗(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道所(suo)(suo)以(yi)能(neng)有此(ci)三事者(zhe)(zhe)，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)志(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)歌(ge)，歌(ge)者(zhe)(zhe)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)诚(cheng)，精(jing)诚(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至，以(yi)类相感(gan)。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)陈得(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事以(yi)为劝戒(jie)，令人(ren)(ren)(ren)行善(shan)不行恶(e)，使(shi)(shi)失(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)得(de)是诗(shi)(shi)(shi)，能(neng)正(zheng)得(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。普正(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)，非独正(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。下(xia)云(yun)“上(shang)以(yi)风化下(xia)，下(xia)以(yi)风刺上(shang)”，是上(shang)下(xia)俱正(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)诚(cheng)能(neng)用(yong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美道，听嘉乐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)音(yin)，使(shi)(shi)赏善(shan)伐(fa)恶(e)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道举无不当，则可使(shi)(shi)天(tian)地效(xiao)灵，鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)降福也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)《乐记(ji)》云(yun)：“奸声(sheng)感(gan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)逆气(qi)应之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，逆气(qi)成象(xiang)而(er)淫乐兴焉。正(zheng)声(sheng)感(gan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)顺(shun)气(qi)应之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，顺(shun)气(qi)成象(xiang)而(er)和乐兴焉。”又曰：“歌(ge)者(zhe)(zhe)直(zhi)己(ji)而(er)陈德也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，动己(ji)而(er)天(tian)地应焉，四(si)时和焉，星(xing)辰理(li)焉，万物育焉。”此(ci)说(shuo)声(sheng)能(neng)感(gan)物，能(neng)致(zhi)顺(shun)气(qi)、逆气(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)地云(yun)动，鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)云(yun)感(gan)，互言(yan)耳。《周礼》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例，天(tian)曰神(shen)，地曰祇，人(ren)(ren)(ren)曰鬼(gui)(gui)。鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)与天(tian)地相对，唯谓(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)耳。从(cong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)正(zheng)而(er)后能(neng)感(gan)动，故(gu)(gu)先(xian)言(yan)“正(zheng)得(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)“正(zheng)得(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)”与“雅者(zhe)(zhe)正(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”、“正(zheng)始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道”，本(ben)或(huo)作“政”，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)误耳。今定(ding)本(ben)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)作“正(zheng)”字(zi)。
先(xian)王以是经(jing)夫妇，成孝敬，厚(hou)人伦，美教化，移风俗(su)。“厚(hou)”音后(hou)，本或(huo)作(zuo)“序”，非。
[疏]“先王”至“俗”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)：上言(yan)(yan)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功德，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)用诗(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。“经(jing)夫(fu)妇(fu)”者(zhe)，经(jing)，常(chang)(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道有(you)(you)(you)(you)常(chang)(chang)，男(nan)正位(wei)乎(hu)外，女(nv)(nv)正位(wei)乎(hu)内，德音(yin)莫违，是(shi)夫(fu)妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)(chang)。室家离(li)散，夫(fu)妻反目，是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)常(chang)(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)使(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)夫(fu)妇(fu)犹《商(shang)书(shu)》云(yun)“常(chang)(chang)厥德”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“成(cheng)孝(xiao)敬”者(zhe)，孝(xiao)以(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)亲，可移(yi)於君(jun)(jun)；敬以(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)长，可移(yi)於贵(gui)。若(ruo)得罪(zui)於君(jun)(jun)亲，失意於长贵(gui)，则(ze)(ze)是(shi)孝(xiao)敬不(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)。故(gu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)使(shi)(shi)成(cheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)孝(xiao)敬也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“厚人伦(lun)”者(zhe)，伦(lun)，理(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。君(jun)(jun)臣父子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，朋(peng)友之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交，男(nan)女(nv)(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)(bie)，皆是(shi)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)(chang)理(li)(li)。父子(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)亲，君(jun)(jun)臣不(bu)(bu)(bu)敬，朋(peng)友道绝，男(nan)女(nv)(nv)多违，是(shi)人理(li)(li)薄也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)使(shi)(shi)厚此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)人伦(lun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“美教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)”者(zhe)，美谓使(shi)(shi)人服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)无厌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)设言(yan)(yan)而(er)民(min)(min)(min)未尽从，是(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)未美。故(gu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)使(shi)(shi)美此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“移(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)”者(zhe)，《地理(li)(li)志》云(yun)：“民(min)(min)(min)有(you)(you)(you)(you)刚柔缓急(ji)(ji)，音(yin)声(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，系水土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)气(qi)，故(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)。好恶、取舍、动静，随(sui)君(jun)(jun)上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情欲，故(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)。”则(ze)(ze)风(feng)(feng)(feng)为(wei)本，俗(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)为(wei)末(mo)，皆谓民(min)(min)(min)情好恶也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。缓急(ji)(ji)系水土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)，急(ji)(ji)则(ze)(ze)失於躁，缓则(ze)(ze)失於慢。王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)为(wei)政(zheng)，当移(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，使(shi)(shi)缓急(ji)(ji)调(diao)和，刚柔得中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。随(sui)君(jun)(jun)上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情，则(ze)(ze)君(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)善(shan)(shan)恶，民(min)(min)(min)并(bing)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)风(feng)(feng)(feng)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)伤败者(zhe)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)为(wei)政(zheng)，当易(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)善(shan)(shan)。故(gu)《地理(li)(li)志》又云(yun)：“孔子(zi)曰(yue)：‘移(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)(yi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)，莫善(shan)(shan)於乐(le)。’言(yan)(yan)圣王(wang)(wang)(wang)在上，统理(li)(li)人伦(lun)，必移(yi)其(qi)(qi)本而(er)易(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)末(mo)，然(ran)(ran)后王(wang)(wang)(wang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)。”是(shi)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)皆用诗(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)云(yun)“先王(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)是(shi)”，以(yi)(yi)，用也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)先王(wang)(wang)(wang)用诗(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道为(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)五事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《王(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》云(yun)：“广谷大川(chuan)异(yi)制(zhi)，民(min)(min)(min)生其(qi)(qi)閒者(zhe)异(yi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)。脩其(qi)(qi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)“易(yi)(yi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)”，彼(bi)言(yan)(yan)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)，彼(bi)谓五方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)，戎夷殊俗(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)，言(yan)(yan)语不(bu)(bu)(bu)通，器械异(yi)制(zhi)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)就而(er)抚(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)复易(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)器械，同(tong)(tong)其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)音(yin)，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)”，与此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)异(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)序言(yan)(yan)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)能易(yi)(yi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)，《孝(xiao)经(jing)》言(yan)(yan)乐(le)能移(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)者(zhe)，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，乐(le)为(wei)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)，故(gu)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)、乐(le)同(tong)(tong)其(qi)(qi)功也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)、乐(le)相(xiang)将，无诗(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)无乐(le)。周存六代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)，岂(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)黄帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)？有(you)(you)(you)(you)乐(le)而(er)无诗(shi)(shi)(shi)，何能移(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)(yi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)？斯不(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)(ran)矣。原夫(fu)乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，始於人心(xin)，出(chu)於口(kou)歌，圣人作(zuo)八音(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器以(yi)(yi)文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，然(ran)(ran)后谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)音(yin)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)乐(le)。乐(le)虽逐诗(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)曲，仿诗(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)音(yin)，曲有(you)(you)(you)(you)清浊次第(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序，音(yin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)宫商(shang)相(xiang)应之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)，其(qi)(qi)法既成(cheng)，其(qi)(qi)音(yin)可久，是(shi)以(yi)(yi)昔(xi)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)虽绝，昔(xi)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)常(chang)(chang)存。乐(le)本由诗(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)生，所以(yi)(yi)乐(le)能移(yi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)。歌其(qi)(qi)声(sheng)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)，诵其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)，声(sheng)言(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，故(gu)异(yi)时别(bie)(bie)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。《王(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》称“春教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)乐(le)，夏教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)”。《经(jing)解》称“温(wen)柔敦厚，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；广博易(yi)(yi)良，乐(le)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。由其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)异(yi)，故(gu)异(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓诗(shi)(shi)(shi)乐(le)。据五帝以(yi)(yi)还，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)乐(le)相(xiang)将，故(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)乐(le)。若(ruo)上皇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世，人性醇厚，徒(tu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)嬉戏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)，未有(you)(you)(you)(you)歌咏(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)。
故诗有六义焉：一曰风，二曰赋，三曰比，四曰兴，五曰雅，六曰颂。
○比(bi)，必履反(fan)。兴，虚(xu)应反(fan)，沈许甑反(fan)。颂音讼。
[疏]“故诗”至“六曰颂”。
○正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：上言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功既大(da)，明(ming)非(fei)一(yi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)能(neng)周(zhou)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)又(you)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”。《大(da)师》上文(wen)(wen)未有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”字，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)径云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“六(liu)(liu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“六(liu)(liu)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。各(ge)自(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)贤(xian)(xian)圣治(zhi)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)(yi)(yi)化(hua)(hua)。赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)铺(pu)，直铺(pu)陈(chen)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)善恶(e)(e)。比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢斥(chi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，取比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)类(lei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美，嫌(xian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)媚(mei)谀，取善事(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)喻劝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)世(shi)法。颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)诵(song)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，容(rong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，诵(song)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)，广(guang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)美之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)解六(liu)(liu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)虽(sui)各(ge)解其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、变，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)互见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)。“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)贤(xian)(xian)圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)(yi)(yi)化(hua)(hua)，谓(wei)(wei)变风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)世(shi)法”，谓(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)亦(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)当(dang)(dang)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)化(hua)(hua)，变雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)贤(xian)(xian)圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)(yi)(yi)法也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)”训为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“容(rong)”，止云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“诵(song)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)，广(guang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)美之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)解容(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，谓(wei)(wei)天子(zi)(zi)美有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)形容(rong)，下云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“美盛德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形容(rong)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“铺(pu)陈(chen)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)善恶(e)(e)”，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)通正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、变，兼(jian)美、刺也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失，取比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)类(lei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，谓(wei)(wei)刺诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美，取善事(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)劝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，谓(wei)(wei)美诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)美、刺俱(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑必以(yi)(yi)(yi)“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)贤(xian)(xian)圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)(yi)(yi)化(hua)(hua)，举(ju)变风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)唐有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)尧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)(yi)(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)贤(xian)(xian)圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)(yi)(yi)化(hua)(hua)。“赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，直陈(chen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，无(wu)所(suo)(suo)避讳，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)得(de)(de)失俱(ju)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。“比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)讬(tuo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，似有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)畏惧(ju)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失，取比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)类(lei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。“兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)起(qi)志意(yi)赞扬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美以(yi)(yi)(yi)喻劝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。“雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”既以(yi)(yi)(yi)齐(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)世(shi)法”。郑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)注(zhu)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)如(ru)此。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)乐，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)无(wu)罪。赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)直陈(chen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢斥(chi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”、“嫌(xian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)媚(mei)谀”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辞(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)指(zhi)(zhi)斥(chi)，若(ruo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嫌(xian)惧(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)作(zuo)文(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体(ti)，理自(zi)当(dang)(dang)然(ran)，非(fei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)嫌(xian)惧(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。六(liu)(liu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次第如(ru)此者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四始，以(yi)(yi)(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下即(ji)次赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，然(ran)后(hou)次以(yi)(yi)(yi)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)亦(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，既见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，明(ming)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)亦(yi)(yi)同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑以(yi)(yi)(yi)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)铺(pu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，铺(pu)陈(chen)善恶(e)(e)，则(ze)(ze)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)直陈(chen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)譬(pi)喻者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)辞(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑司(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)方於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物。诸(zhu)(zhu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)如(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)辞(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”司(si)农又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，讬(tuo)事(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物则(ze)(ze)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)起(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。取譬(pi)引类(lei)，起(qi)发已(yi)心，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)举(ju)草木鸟兽以(yi)(yi)(yi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)意(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)辞(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)如(ru)此次者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，直陈(chen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)经》多(duo)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)。比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，虽(sui)同是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)附讬(tuo)外物，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)显而(er)(er)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)隐(yin)。当(dang)(dang)先(xian)(xian)显后(hou)隐(yin)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)居兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)先(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。毛传(chuan)特言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)理隐(yin)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，教(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)动(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，教(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)化(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。下云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)大(da)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《小(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)》焉(yan)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《大(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)》焉(yan)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)谱》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)容(rong)，天子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)，光(guang)被四表，格于上下，此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)(wei)容(rong)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。人君以(yi)(yi)(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)化(hua)(hua)下，臣(chen)下感(gan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)作(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)还取政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)作(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)同为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)称(cheng)，而(er)(er)事(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)积渐，教(jiao)化(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，必先(xian)(xian)讽动(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，物情既悟，然(ran)后(hou)教(jiao)化(hua)(hua)，使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)动(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初，则(ze)(ze)名(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。指(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)齐(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，则(ze)(ze)名(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)俗既齐(qi)，然(ran)后(hou)德(de)(de)能(neng)容(rong)物，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)功成(cheng)乃(nai)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。先(xian)(xian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，后(hou)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此次故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。一(yi)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯列土树疆，风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)俗各(ge)异(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)唐有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)尧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)(yi)(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，魏有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)俭约之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)，由(you)随风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)设教(jiao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。天子(zi)(zi)则(ze)(ze)威加四海，齐(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)万方，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)所(suo)(suo)施，皆(jie)能(neng)齐(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，缘政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)而(er)(er)作(zuo)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦(yi)(yi)异(yi)(yi)体(ti)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《七月》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)备有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。《駉颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)序》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“史克(ke)作(zuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。”明(ming)作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)本(ben)意(yi)，自(zi)定为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)体(ti)，非(fei)采得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)始定体(ti)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)体(ti)既异(yi)(yi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)亦(yi)(yi)殊(shu)。《公羊传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“十一(yi)而(er)(er)税，颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)作(zuo)。”《史记(ji)》称(cheng)微子(zi)(zi)过殷(yin)墟而(er)(er)作(zuo)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。《谱》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“师挚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始，《关雎(ju)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱，早失风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)矣。”《乐记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)无(wu)乱，先(xian)(xian)王(wang)耻(chi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)乱，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)制(zhi)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)各(ge)自(zi)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)体(ti)，体(ti)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，大(da)师听声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)得(de)(de)情，知其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)意(yi)。《周(zhou)南》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，《召南》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)听声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而(er)(er)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)(yi)体(ti)；赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)(yi)辞(ci)(ci)耳，大(da)小(xiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，而(er)(er)得(de)(de)并为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)，风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)形，用(yong)彼(bi)三(san)(san)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，成(cheng)此三(san)(san)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)同称(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，非(fei)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)卷(juan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《郑志》：“张逸问：‘何(he)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)近於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)？’答曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，吴札观诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)歌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孔子(zi)(zi)录(lu)《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》，已(yi)合(he)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)中，难(nan)复摘别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)。篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)中义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)多(duo)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。’”逸见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)段，以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)段，谓(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)全(quan)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，全(quan)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，欲郑指(zhi)(zhi)摘言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑以(yi)(yi)(yi)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)直是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)㖞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)(yi)，非(fei)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)卷(juan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)远言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)从本(ben)来(lai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“吴札观诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)歌”，明(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先(xian)(xian)无(wu)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)体(ti)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可歌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“孔子(zi)(zi)录(lu)《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》，已(yi)合(he)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)中”，明(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先(xian)(xian)无(wu)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)体(ti)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。元来(lai)合(he)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，今(jin)(jin)(jin)日“难(nan)复摘别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)中义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)多(duo)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)毛传(chuan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中每言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)中，明(ming)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)亦(yi)(yi)在(zai)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)中，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)显比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)元来(lai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，则(ze)(ze)唯有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)三(san)(san)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)已(yi)。《艺(yi)论》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“至周(zhou)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据《周(zhou)礼(li)》“六(liu)(liu)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳，非(fei)谓(wei)(wei)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)卷(juan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或(huo)(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)孔子(zi)(zi)已(yi)合(he)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)中，则(ze)(ze)孔子(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)前，未合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)卷(juan)。若(ruo)然(ran)，则(ze)(ze)离其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)章句，析其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)辞(ci)(ci)，乐不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可歌，文(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可诵(song)。且风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)以(yi)(yi)(yi)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)体(ti)，若(ruo)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)卷(juan)，则(ze)(ze)无(wu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)矣。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。唐、虞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，治(zhi)致升平(ping)，周(zhou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)太(tai)平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，无(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，则(ze)(ze)唐、虞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)必无(wu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)虽(sui)王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)平(ping)前事(shi)(shi)(shi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)尧、舜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圣，黎民时(shi)雍，亦(yi)(yi)似无(wu)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)六(liu)(liu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，唯应有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)耳。夏在(zai)制(zhi)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复面称(cheng)目谏，或(huo)(huo)当(dang)(dang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。夏氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衰，昆(kun)吾作(zuo)霸，诸(zhu)(zhu)侯彊盛，或(huo)(huo)当(dang)(dang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。但篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)章泯(min)灭，无(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《艺(yi)论》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“唐、虞始造其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)初，至周(zhou)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”，据《周(zhou)礼(li)》成(cheng)文(wen)(wen)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，非(fei)起(qi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
上以风化下，下以风刺上，主文而谲谏，言之者无罪，闻之者足以戒，故曰风。风化、风刺，皆谓譬喻，不斥言也。主文，主与乐之宫商相应也。谲谏，咏歌依违，不直谏。
○“下(xia)以风”，福凤(feng)反，注“风刺”同。刺本又作刾，七赐(ci)反。谲(jue)，古(gu)穴反，诈(zha)也。“故曰风”，福凤(feng)反，又如字。
[疏]“上以”至“曰风”。
○正义曰：臣下作诗，所以谏君，君又用之教化，故又言上下皆用此上六义之意。在上，人君用此六义风动教化；在下，人臣用此六义以风喻箴刺君上。其作诗也，本心主意，使合於宫商相应之文，播之於乐，而依违谲谏，不直言君之过失，故言之者无罪。人君不怒其作主而罪戮之，闻之者足以自戒。人君自知其过而悔之，感而不切，微动若风，言出而过改，犹风行而草偃，故曰“风”。上言“风，风也，教也”，向下以申风义。此云“故曰风”，向上而结彼文，使首尾相应，解尽风义。此六义之下而解名风之意，则六义皆名为风，以风是政教之初，六义风居其首，故六义总名为风，六义随事生称耳。若此辞总上六义，则有正、变，而云“主文谲谏”，唯说刺诗者，以诗之作皆为正邪防失，虽论功诵德，莫不匡正人君，故主说作诗之意耳。诗皆人臣作之以谏君，然后人君用之以化下。此先云“上以风化下”者，以其教从君来，上下俱用，故先尊后卑。襄十六年《左传》称齐人伐鲁，求救於晋。晋人不许。穆叔见中行献子，赋《圻父》。献子曰：“偃知罪矣。”穆叔赋，而晋人不得怨之，是言之者无罪也。献子服罪，是闻之者足以戒也。俗本“戒”上有“自”字者，误。定本直云“足以戒”也。
○笺“风化”至“直谏”。
○正义曰：风者(zhe)(zhe)，若风之(zhi)(zhi)动物，故(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)“譬喻，不斥(chi)言(yan)也”。人君教民，自得指斥(chi)，但(dan)用诗(shi)教民，播(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)於乐(le)(le)(le)(le)，故(gu)亦不斥(chi)言(yan)也。上(shang)言(yan)“声成(cheng)文”，此言(yan)“主文”，知作(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)主意，令(ling)诗(shi)文与乐(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)商相应(ying)(ying)也。如上(shang)所说，先为(wei)诗(shi)歌，乐(le)(le)(le)(le)逐诗(shi)为(wei)曲，则是宫(gong)商之(zhi)(zhi)辞，学诗(shi)文而(er)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)。此言(yan)作(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)文，主应(ying)(ying)於宫(gong)商者(zhe)(zhe)，初作(zuo)(zuo)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)，准诗(shi)而(er)为(wei)声，声既成(cheng)形(xing)，须依声而(er)作(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)，故(gu)后之(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，皆主应(ying)(ying)於乐(le)(le)(le)(le)文也。谲(jue)者(zhe)(zhe)，权诈之(zhi)(zhi)名，讬之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)歌，依违而(er)谏，亦权诈之(zhi)(zhi)义，故(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)谲(jue)谏。
至于王道衰，礼义(yi)废，政教失，国异(yi)政，家殊俗，而变风、变雅作矣。
[疏]“至于”至“雅作矣”。
○正(zheng)(zheng)义曰：《诗(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)、雅(ya)，有(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)有(you)(you)变，故(gu)(gu)(gu)又言变之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。至(zhi)于(yu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)道(dao)衰，礼(li)(li)义废(fei)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)施(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)所(suo)(suo)，遂(sui)使诸(zhu)侯国国异政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，下(xia)民(min)(min)(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)殊(shu)俗(su)(su)。诗(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)见(jian)善则(ze)(ze)(ze)美(mei)(mei)，见(jian)恶(e)(e)则(ze)(ze)(ze)刺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)变风(feng)、变雅(ya)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)矣(yi)。“至(zhi)于(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)，从(cong)盛而(er)(er)(er)至(zhi)于(yu)衰，相承首(shou)尾(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。礼(li)(li)义言废(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)，典法仍存(cun)，但(dan)废(fei)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)耳(er)。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)言失(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)，但(dan)施(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)理耳(er)。由(you)施(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)理，故(gu)(gu)(gu)使国国异政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)殊(shu)俗(su)(su)，皆(jie)是(shi)道(dao)衰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)道(dao)衰以(yi)冠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。礼(li)(li)义者(zhe)(zhe)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)先礼(li)(li)义而(er)(er)(er)后(hou)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)。定本(ben)(ben)“礼(li)(li)义废(fei)”，俗(su)(su)本(ben)(ben)有(you)(you)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)“仪(yi)”字(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)“家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)”谓(wei)天(tian)下(xia)民(min)(min)(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。《孝经(jing)》云(yun)“非(fei)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)至(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)日见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，亦谓(wei)天(tian)下(xia)民(min)(min)(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，非(fei)大夫称(cheng)(cheng)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)随君(jun)上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欲，故(gu)(gu)(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)俗(su)(su)。若(ruo)大夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俗(su)(su)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。变风(feng)、变雅(ya)，必王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)道(dao)衰乃(nai)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)，夫天(tian)下(xia)有(you)(you)道(dao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)庶人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)议；治平累(lei)世，则(ze)(ze)(ze)美(mei)(mei)刺不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)兴。何则(ze)(ze)(ze)？未识不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)善则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知善为善，未见(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)恶(e)(e)则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知恶(e)(e)为恶(e)(e)。太(tai)平则(ze)(ze)(ze)无(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)更(geng)(geng)美(mei)(mei)，道(dao)绝则(ze)(ze)(ze)无(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)复(fu)(fu)讥，人(ren)(ren)情(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常理也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)初变恶(e)(e)俗(su)(su)则(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)歌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，风(feng)、雅(ya)正(zheng)(zheng)经(jing)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；始(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)太(tai)平则(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)颂(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，《周颂(song)》诸(zhu)篇是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)其(qi)(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)纲绝纽，礼(li)(li)义消亡(wang)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)皆(jie)逃死，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)尽纷乱(luan)。《易(yi)》称(cheng)(cheng)天(tian)地闭(bi)，贤人(ren)(ren)隐(yin)。於此(ci)(ci)时也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，虽有(you)(you)智者(zhe)(zhe)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)复(fu)(fu)讥剌。成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)太(tai)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，其(qi)(qi)美(mei)(mei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)异於前，故(gu)(gu)(gu)颂(song)声(sheng)止也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。陈灵公(gong)淫(yin)乱(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，其(qi)(qi)恶(e)(e)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)(fu)可言，故(gu)(gu)(gu)变风(feng)息也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。班固云(yun)：“成(cheng)、康没(mei)而(er)(er)(er)颂(song)声(sheng)寝(qin)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)泽(ze)(ze)竭而(er)(er)(er)《诗(shi)(shi)》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。”此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)变风(feng)、变雅(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，皆(jie)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)道(dao)始(shi)(shi)(shi)衰，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)初失(shi)，尚(shang)可匡而(er)(er)(er)革之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，追而(er)(er)(er)复(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)执彼旧章(zhang)，绳此(ci)(ci)新(xin)失(shi)，觊望自悔其(qi)(qi)心，更(geng)(geng)遵(zun)正(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)变诗(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)其(qi)(qi)变改正(zheng)(zheng)，法故(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变焉。季札(zha)见(jian)歌《小雅(ya)》，曰：“美(mei)(mei)哉！思而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)贰，怨而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言，其(qi)(qi)周德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衰乎！犹有(you)(you)先王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗民(min)(min)(min)(min)。”是(shi)由(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)泽(ze)(ze)未竭，民(min)(min)(min)(min)尚(shang)知礼(li)(li)，以(yi)礼(li)(li)救(jiu)世，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)此(ci)(ci)变诗(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)变诗(shi)(shi)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)道(dao)衰乃(nai)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《谱》云(yun)“夷(yi)身失(shi)礼(li)(li)，懿始(shi)(shi)(shi)受谮”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)周道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衰，自夷(yi)、懿始(shi)(shi)(shi)矣(yi)。变雅(ya)始(shi)(shi)(shi)於厉王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)、懿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雅(ya)者(zhe)(zhe)，盖孔(kong)子(zi)录而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)，或(huo)有(you)(you)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足录也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。昭十(shi)二(er)年《左(zuo)传》称(cheng)(cheng)祭公(gong)谋父作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)《祈招》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)以(yi)谏穆王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，卫(wei)顷(qing)、齐哀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时而(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)变风(feng)，明(ming)时作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)变雅(ya)，但(dan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)录之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)道(dao)衰，诸(zhu)侯有(you)(you)变风(feng)；王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)道(dao)盛，诸(zhu)侯无(wu)(wu)(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)风(feng)者(zhe)(zhe)；王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)道(dao)明(ming)盛，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)出一人(ren)(ren)，太(tai)平非(fei)诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)有(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)风(feng)；王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)道(dao)既衰，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)出诸(zhu)侯，善恶(e)(e)在於己身，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命，恶(e)(e)则(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)怨，善则(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)喜(xi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)各从(cong)其(qi)(qi)国，有(you)(you)美(mei)(mei)剌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变风(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
国史明乎得失之迹，伤人伦之废，哀刑政之苛，吟咏情性，以风其上，
○“苛”，本亦作“荷”，音何(he)，苛虐也。吟，疑今(jin)反，动声(sheng)曰吟。“风其上”，福凤反。
[疏]“国史”至“上”。
○正义(yi)曰：上(shang)既(ji)言(yan)变(bian)诗(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，此又(you)说作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)变(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由。言(yan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官，皆(jie)博闻强识之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士，明(ming)晓於(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)君得失(shi)善恶(e)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹，礼(li)义(yi)废(fei)则(ze)人(ren)(ren)伦乱，政(zheng)(zheng)教失(shi)则(ze)法令酷，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)伤此人(ren)(ren)伦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)废(fei)弃，哀(ai)此刑(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苛虐，哀(ai)伤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志郁(yu)积於(wu)(wu)内，乃吟咏(yong)己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情性，以(yi)风刺其(qi)(qi)上(shang)，觊(ji)其(qi)(qi)改恶(e)为(wei)善，所(suo)以(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)变(bian)诗(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者，周官大(da)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、小史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、外史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、御史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此承变(bian)风、变(bian)雅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，则(ze)兼据(ju)天子诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矣。得失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹者，人(ren)(ren)君既(ji)往之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)行也(ye)(ye)(ye)。明(ming)晓得失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹，哀(ai)伤而咏(yong)情性者，诗(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。非史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《民劳》、《常武(wu)》，公卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《黄鸟》、《硕人(ren)(ren)》，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风。然则(ze)凡是(shi)(shi)臣民，皆(jie)得风剌，不(bu)必(bi)要其(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)为(wei)。此文特言(yan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者，郑答张(zhang)逸(yi)云(yun)：“国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采众诗(shi)(shi)时，明(ming)其(qi)(qi)好恶(e)，令瞽矇(meng)歌(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)无(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)主，皆(jie)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，令可歌(ge)。”如此言(yan)，是(shi)(shi)由国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)掌(zhang)书，故(gu)讬文史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。苟能制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)文章，亦(yi)可谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)必(bi)要作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官。《駉》云(yun)“史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)克(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)颂”，史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官自有作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)者矣，不(bu)尽(jin)是(shi)(shi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)明(ming)其(qi)(qi)好恶(e)，令瞽矇(meng)歌(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)选取善者，始付(fu)乐官也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)其(qi)(qi)无(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)主，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，嫌其(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者无(wu)名，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。其(qi)(qi)有作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)主，亦(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。“人(ren)(ren)伦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)废(fei)”，即(ji)上(shang)“礼(li)义(yi)废(fei)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“刑(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苛”，即(ji)上(shang)“政(zheng)(zheng)教失(shi)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。动声曰吟，长(zhang)言(yan)曰咏(yong)，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)必(bi)歌(ge)，故(gu)言(yan)“吟咏(yong)情性”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
达於事变而怀(huai)其旧(jiu)俗者也。故变风发乎情(qing)(qing)，止(zhi)(zhi)乎礼(li)(li)义(yi)。发乎情(qing)(qing)，民之性也；止(zhi)(zhi)乎礼(li)(li)义(yi)，先王之泽也。
[疏]“达於”至“之泽”。
○正义曰：此又言王道既衰，所以能作变诗之意。作诗者皆晓达於世事之变易，而私怀其旧时之风俗，见时世政事，变易旧章，即作诗以旧法诫之，欲使之合於礼义。故变风之诗，皆发於民情，止於礼义，言各出民之情性而皆合於礼义也。又重说发情、止礼之意。发乎情者，民之性，言其民性不同，故各言其志也；止乎礼义者，先王之泽，言俱被先王遗泽，故得皆止礼义也。展转申明作诗之意。“达於事变”者，若唐有帝尧杀礼救危之化，后世习之，失之於俭不中礼。陈有大姬好巫歌舞之风，后世习之，失之於游荡无度。是其风俗改变，时人晓达之也。“怀其旧俗”者，若齐有太公之风，卫有康叔之化，其遗法仍在，诗人怀挟之也。诗人既见时世之事变，改旧时之俗，故依准旧法，而作诗戒之。虽俱准旧法，而诗体不同，或陈古政治，或指世淫荒。虽复属意不同，俱怀匡救之意，故各发情性，而皆止礼义也。此亦兼论变雅，独言变风者，上已变风、变雅双举其文，此从省而略之也。“先王之泽”，谓先王有德泽而流及於后世，诗人得其馀化，故能怀其旧俗也。郑答张逸云：“旧俗者，若晋有尧之遗风，先王之泽，卫有康叔馀烈。”如此言，则康叔当云先公，而云先王者，以变雅有先王之泽，变风有先公之泽。故季札见歌《齐》，曰：“表东海者，其太公乎？”见歌小雅，曰：“犹有先王之遗民。”是其风禀先公，雅禀先王也。上举变风，下言先王，风、雅互相见也。上言国史作诗，此言民之性，明作诗皆在民意，非独国史能为，亦是互见也。作诗止於礼义，则应言皆合礼。而变风所陈，多说奸淫之状者，男淫女奔，伤化败俗，诗人所陈者，皆乱状淫形，时政之疾病也，所言者，皆忠规切谏，救世之针药也。《尚书》之三风十愆，疾病也。诗人之四始六义，救药也。若夫疾病尚轻，有可生之道，则医之治也用心锐。扁鹊之疗太子，知其必可生也。疾病已重，有将死之势，则医之治也用心缓。秦和之视平公，知其不可为也。诗人救世，亦犹是矣。典刑未亡，觊可追改，则箴规之意切，《鹤鸣》、《沔水》，殷勤而责王也。淫风大行，莫之能救，则匡谏之志微，《溱泱》、《桑中》，所以咨嗟叹息而闵世。陈、郑之俗，亡形已成，诗人度已箴规必不变改，且复赋己之志，哀叹而已，不敢望其存，是谓匡谏之志微。故季札见歌《陈》，曰：“国无主，其能久乎！”见歌《郑》，曰：“美哉！其细已甚，民弗堪也，是其先亡乎！”美者，美诗人之情，言不有先王之训，孰能若此。先亡者，见其匡谏意微，知其国将亡灭也。
○
是以一国之事(shi)，系一人之本，谓之风。言(yan)天下之事(shi)，形四方之风，谓之雅(ya)。
[疏]“是以”至“之雅”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：序说(shuo)(shuo)正(zheng)、变(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)与颂区(qu)域不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)又辨三者(zhe)(zhe)体(ti)异之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)。“是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，承上生下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)诗(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)用心(xin)(xin)如(ru)(ru)(ru)此(ci)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)事(shi)(shi)善恶(e)，皆(jie)(jie)系(xi)(xi)属於一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)意(yi)(yi)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)此(ci)而(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)道(dao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)事(shi)(shi)，发(fa)见四(si)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)俗，如(ru)(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别，其(qi)(qi)(qi)大意(yi)(yi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)此(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，道(dao)己一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)耳。要所(suo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)(xin)，乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)。诗(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)览一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)己心(xin)(xin)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)此(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，使言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但所(suo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)，直是(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，行(xing)风(feng)(feng)化(hua)於一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)狭故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，亦谓(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。诗(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)总(zong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)，四(si)方(fang)(fang)风(feng)(feng)俗，以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)己意(yi)(yi)，而(er)(er)咏歌王政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)道(dao)说(shuo)(shuo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，发(fa)见四(si)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)。所(suo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)，乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，施齐正(zheng)於天(tian)(tian)(tian)下，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)广(guang)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。风(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，各是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)为(wei)，风(feng)(feng)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)亦天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，谓(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。风(feng)(feng)亦一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。序者(zhe)(zhe)逆顺(shun)立文(wen)(wen)，互言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《志》张(zhang)逸问：“尝闻(wen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)，何(he)谓(wei)(wei)？”答曰(yue)：“作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)(er)已。其(qi)(qi)(qi)取义者(zhe)(zhe)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。变(bian)(bian)(bian)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)则(ze)讥王政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)得失，闵风(feng)(feng)俗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衰，所(suo)忧者(zhe)(zhe)广(guang)，发(fa)於一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)身。”如(ru)(ru)(ru)此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)耳。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)美(mei)，则(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国皆(jie)(jie)美(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)刺(ci)(ci)，则(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下皆(jie)(jie)刺(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《谷风(feng)(feng)》、《黄鸟》，妻(qi)怨其(qi)(qi)(qi)夫，未必一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)皆(jie)(jie)怨夫耳。《北门》、《北山》，下怨其(qi)(qi)(qi)上，未必一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)皆(jie)(jie)怨上也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但举其(qi)(qi)(qi)夫妇离(li)绝(jue)，则(ze)知(zhi)风(feng)(feng)俗败矣；言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)己独(du)(du)劳从(cong)事(shi)(shi)，则(ze)知(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)偏矣，莫不(bu)(bu)取众之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)己辞。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国皆(jie)(jie)悦。假使圣哲(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)，功齐区(qu)宇(yu)，设(she)(she)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，独(du)(du)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)恶(e)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)弁随(sui)、务光(guang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)羞见殷汤，伯夷、叔齐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耻事(shi)(shi)周武，海内之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。无道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主，恶(e)加(jia)万民，设(she)(she)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，独(du)(du)称(cheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)善，如(ru)(ru)(ru)张(zhang)竦(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)王莽，蔡邕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惜董卓，天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。必是(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)当举世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)，动合一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，然后得为(wei)风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，载(zai)在乐章。不(bu)(bu)然，则(ze)国史不(bu)(bu)录其(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，理兼正(zheng)、变(bian)(bian)(bian)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)下无道(dao)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)出(chu)诸(zhu)侯，而(er)(er)变(bian)(bian)(bian)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)亦称(cheng)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)者(zhe)(zhe)，当作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)变(bian)(bian)(bian)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，王政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)仍被邦国。《大学》曰(yue)：“尧、舜(shun)率天(tian)(tian)(tian)下以(yi)(yi)(yi)仁(ren)而(er)(er)民从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，桀(jie)、纣(zhou)率天(tian)(tian)(tian)下以(yi)(yi)(yi)暴而(er)(er)民从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)善政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、恶(e)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)(jie)能正(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)幽、厉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)亦名为(wei)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。及平(ping)王东(dong)迁(qian)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)遂微弱，其(qi)(qi)(qi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)才行(xing)境内，是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)变(bian)(bian)(bian)为(wei)风(feng)(feng)焉(yan)。
雅者，正也，言王政之(zhi)所由废兴也。政有(you)小大(da)，故(gu)有(you)小雅焉，有(you)大(da)雅焉。
[疏]“雅者”至“雅焉”。
○正(zheng)(zheng)义曰：上已解(jie)风(feng)(feng)(feng)名，故(gu)又(you)(you)解(jie)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)名。雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)者(zhe)(zhe)训(xun)为(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，由(you)天子(zi)以政教齐(qi)(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)天下(xia)(xia)，故(gu)民述(shu)天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政，还以齐(qi)(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)为(wei)名。王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)天下(xia)(xia)得其(qi)道(dao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)述(shu)其(qi)美(mei)(mei)，雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)经(jing)及宣(xuan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)天下(xia)(xia)失其(qi)理，则(ze)(ze)(ze)刺(ci)(ci)其(qi)恶，幽、厉(li)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)陈，皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)天下(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)法，文、武用(yong)(yong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)兴，幽、厉(li)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)废(fei)。此雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，言说王(wang)(wang)(wang)政所(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)废(fei)兴，以其(qi)废(fei)兴，故(gu)有(you)美(mei)(mei)刺(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)解(jie)有(you)二雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)政教有(you)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)述(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)有(you)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，故(gu)有(you)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)焉(yan)，有(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)焉(yan)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)所(suo)(suo)陈，有(you)饮(yin)食宾客，赏劳群臣(chen)，燕赐以怀诸侯，征伐以强中国(guo)，乐得贤者(zhe)(zhe)，养育人(ren)(ren)材，於(wu)天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政，皆(jie)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)所(suo)(suo)陈，受(shou)命作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)周(zhou)，代(dai)殷继(ji)伐，荷(he)先王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)福禄(lu)，尊祖(zu)考以配天，醉酒饱(bao)德，能官用(yong)(yong)士，泽被昆虫，仁及草木，於(wu)天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政，皆(jie)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)歌(ge)其(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)，制为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)体；述(shu)其(qi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)，制为(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)体。体有(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，故(gu)分为(wei)二焉(yan)。风(feng)(feng)(feng)见优劣(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差，故(gu)《周(zhou)南》先於(wu)《召南》，雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)见积渐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，故(gu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)先於(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，此其(qi)所(suo)(suo)以异也(ye)(ye)(ye)。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)体既(ji)异，乐音(yin)亦(yi)殊。国(guo)风(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)，各从(cong)水土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气，述(shu)其(qi)当国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)而作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)遍(bian)览天下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志，总合四方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)而制之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，《乐记》所(suo)(suo)谓(wei)“先王(wang)(wang)(wang)制雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)以道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，是(shi)(shi)其(qi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)体既(ji)定，乐音(yin)既(ji)成，则(ze)(ze)(ze)后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)各从(cong)旧俗(su)。“变(bian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)，各是(shi)(shi)其(qi)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)，季(ji)札观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而各知其(qi)国(guo)，由(you)其(qi)音(yin)异故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)音(yin)体亦(yi)然。正(zheng)(zheng)经(jing)述(shu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)政为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，述(shu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)政为(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，有(you)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)政既(ji)衰(shuai)，变(bian)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)兼作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，取大(da)(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)，歌(ge)其(qi)政事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“变(bian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”；取其(qi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)，歌(ge)其(qi)政事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“变(bian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”，故(gu)变(bian)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)刺(ci)(ci)，皆(jie)由(you)音(yin)体有(you)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，不(bu)复由(you)政事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。风(feng)(feng)(feng)述(shu)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政，非无(wu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，但(dan)化止一国(guo)，不(bu)足(zu)分别。颂则(ze)(ze)(ze)功成乃作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，归美(mei)(mei)报神，皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)，无(wu)复别体，故(gu)不(bu)分为(wei)“二风(feng)(feng)(feng)”、“二颂”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。定本(ben)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)政所(suo)(suo)由(you)废(fei)兴”，俗(su)本(ben)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)政”下(xia)(xia)有(you)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”字，误也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
颂者，美(mei)盛德(de)之形容，以其成功，告(gao)於(wu)神明者也(ye)。
[疏]“颂者”至“神明者”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：上(shang)(shang)解风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)体，故(gu)此又解颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)名(ming)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)体。上(shang)(shang)文因变风(feng)(feng)、变雅(ya)作矣(yi)，即说风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)体，故(gu)言“谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)”，“谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)雅(ya)”，以(yi)(yi)结上(shang)(shang)文。此上(shang)(shang)未(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)作之(zhi)(zhi)言，文无(wu)所(suo)结，故(gu)云“颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，美(mei)(mei)(mei)盛德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)(xing)容(rong)(rong)(rong)”，明(ming)训“颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)”为(wei)“容(rong)(rong)(rong)”，解颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)，告於(wu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)明(ming)”，解颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)体也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。上(shang)(shang)言“雅(ya)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，正(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，此亦(yi)当云“颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，容(rong)(rong)(rong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。以(yi)(yi)雅(ya)已备文，此亦(yi)从可知，故(gu)略之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《易》称(cheng)“圣(sheng)人拟诸形(xing)(xing)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，象其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物宜”，则(ze)(ze)形(xing)(xing)容(rong)(rong)(rong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)形(xing)(xing)状(zhuang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)貌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。作颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)美(mei)(mei)(mei)盛德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)(xing)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，则(ze)(ze)天(tian)子(zi)政(zheng)教(jiao)有(you)(you)形(xing)(xing)容(rong)(rong)(rong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。可美(mei)(mei)(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)(xing)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，正(zheng)谓(wei)道教(jiao)周备也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)《颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)谱(pu)》云：“天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)，光被(bei)四表，格(ge)于上(shang)(shang)下，无(wu)不(bu)覆焘(dao)，无(wu)不(bu)持(chi)载。”此之(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)出於(wu)此也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，营(ying)(ying)造(zao)之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)毕也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)营(ying)(ying)在(zai)於(wu)命(ming)(ming)圣(sheng)，圣(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)营(ying)(ying)在(zai)於(wu)任(ren)贤，贤之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)营(ying)(ying)在(zai)於(wu)养民。民安而(er)财(cai)丰，众和而(er)事节，如是(shi)则(ze)(ze)司牧之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)毕矣(yi)。干戈(ge)既戢，夷狄来宾(bin)，嘉(jia)瑞(rui)悉臻，远迩咸(xian)服，群生尽(jin)遂其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)性，万(wan)物各得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)，即是(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)验(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。万(wan)物本(ben)於(wu)天(tian)人本(ben)於(wu)祖，天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)命(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)牧民也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，祖之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)命(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)成(cheng)(cheng)业也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。民安业就，须告神(shen)(shen)(shen)使(shi)(shi)知，虽社稷山川四岳河海(hai)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)民为(wei)主，欲(yu)民安乐，故(gu)作诗(shi)歌其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)功(gong)(gong)，遍告神(shen)(shen)(shen)明(ming)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)报(bao)神(shen)(shen)(shen)恩(en)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)政(zheng)有(you)(you)兴(xing)废，未(wei)(wei)尝不(bu)祭(ji)群神(shen)(shen)(shen)，但(dan)政(zheng)未(wei)(wei)太平，则(ze)(ze)神(shen)(shen)(shen)无(wu)恩(en)力(li)，故(gu)太平德(de)(de)洽，始(shi)报(bao)神(shen)(shen)(shen)功(gong)(gong)。颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)诗(shi)直述(shu)祭(ji)祀之(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)，不(bu)言得(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)力(li)，但(dan)美(mei)(mei)(mei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祭(ji)祀，是(shi)报(bao)德(de)(de)可知。此解颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，唯《周颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》耳，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)商、鲁(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)则(ze)(ze)异(yi)於(wu)是(shi)矣(yi)。《商颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》虽是(shi)祭(ji)祀之(zhi)(zhi)歌，祭(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先王之(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)，述(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)生时之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)，正(zheng)是(shi)死后颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)德(de)(de)，非以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)告神(shen)(shen)(shen)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体异(yi)於(wu)《周颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《鲁(lu)(lu)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》主咏僖公功(gong)(gong)德(de)(de)才，如变风(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)耳，又与《商颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》异(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，美(mei)(mei)(mei)诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)陈(chen)鲁(lu)(lu)诗(shi)，鲁(lu)(lu)人不(bu)得(de)作风(feng)(feng)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)得(de)用天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)礼，故(gu)借天(tian)子(zi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，改(gai)称(cheng)为(wei)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，非《周颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》之(zhi)(zhi)流也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孔子(zi)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)有(you)(you)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)名(ming)，故(gu)取(qu)备三(san)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)耳。置之(zhi)(zhi)《商颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》前者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)鲁(lu)(lu)是(shi)周宗亲同(tong)姓，故(gu)使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)先前代也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
是(shi)谓四始(shi)(shi)，《诗》之至也。始(shi)(shi)者，王(wang)道兴衰之所由。
[疏]“是谓四始，诗之至也”。
○正义(yi)曰：“四始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)，郑答张逸(yi)云：“风也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，小(xiao)雅也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，大(da)(da)雅也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，颂也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。人君行之(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)为(wei)兴，废之(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)为(wei)衰。”又笺云：“始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，王道兴衰之(zhi)(zhi)所由。”然则(ze)此(ci)(ci)四者(zhe)是人君兴废之(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)四始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“《诗(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)至”者(zhe)，《诗(shi)》理至极，尽(jin)於此(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。序说《诗(shi)》理既尽(jin)，故(gu)言此(ci)(ci)以终(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)。案《诗(shi)纬(wei)·汎历枢(shu)》云：“《大(da)(da)明》在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)亥(hai)(hai)，水始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《四牡》在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)寅(yin)，木始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《嘉鱼》在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)已，火始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《鸿雁》在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)申(shen)，金始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”与此(ci)(ci)不(bu)同者(zhe)，纬(wei)文因金木水火有四始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，以《诗(shi)》文讬之(zhi)(zhi)。又郑作《六艺论》，引(yin)《春秋纬(wei)·演孔图》云：“《诗(shi)》含(han)五(wu)际(ji)(ji)、六情(qing)”者(zhe)，郑以《汎历枢(shu)》云午亥(hai)(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)际(ji)(ji)为(wei)革(ge)命，卯酉之(zhi)(zhi)际(ji)(ji)为(wei)改正。辰在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)门，出入候(hou)听(ting)(ting)。卯，《天(tian)保(bao)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。酉，《祈父》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。午，《采芑(qi)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亥(hai)(hai)，《大(da)(da)明》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然则(ze)亥(hai)(hai)为(wei)革(ge)命，一际(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；亥(hai)(hai)又为(wei)天(tian)门出入候(hou)听(ting)(ting)，二际(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；卯为(wei)阴阳(yang)(yang)交(jiao)际(ji)(ji)，三际(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；午为(wei)阳(yang)(yang)谢阴兴，四际(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；酉为(wei)阴盛阳(yang)(yang)微，五(wu)际(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其六情(qing)者(zhe)，则(ze)《春秋》云“喜、怒(nu)、哀、乐、好、恶”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)》既含(han)此(ci)(ci)五(wu)际(ji)(ji)六情(qing)，故(gu)郑於《六艺论》言之(zhi)(zhi)。
然则《关雎》、《麟趾》之化，王者之风，故系之周公。南，言化自北而南也。《鹊巢》、《驺虞》之德，诸侯之风也，先王之所以教，故系之召公。自，从也。从北而南，谓其化从岐周被江汉之域也。先王，斥大王、王季。
○麟音(yin)(yin)(yin)吕辛反。趾音(yin)(yin)(yin)止。驺(zou)，本亦作ＺＺ，音(yin)(yin)(yin)侧(ce)留反。召，本亦作邵，同，音(yin)(yin)(yin)上(shang)照反。后“召南”、“召公”皆同。岐音(yin)(yin)(yin)其宜反，山(shan)名，或音(yin)(yin)(yin)祇。被(bei)音(yin)(yin)(yin)皮寄反。“大王”音(yin)(yin)(yin)泰。
[疏]“然则《关雎》、《麟趾》之化，王者之风，故系之周公”至“系之召公”。正义曰：序因《关雎》是风化之始，遂因而申之，广论《诗》义《诗》理既尽，然后乃说《周南》、《召南》。然者，然上语；则者，则下事，因前起后之势也。然则《关雎》、《麟趾》之化，是王者之风，文王之所以教民也。王者必圣，周公圣人，故系之周公。不直名为“周”，而连言“南”者，言此文王之化，自北土而行於南方故也。《鹊巢》、《驺虞》之德，是诸侯之风，先王大王、王季所以教化民也。诸侯必贤，召公贤人，故系之召公。不复言“南”，意与《周南》同也。《周南》言化，《召南》言德者，变文耳。上亦云“《关雎》，后妃之德”，是其通也。诸侯之风，言先王之所以教；王者之风，不言文王之所以教者，二《南》皆文王之化，不嫌非文王也。但文王所行，兼行先王之道，感文王之化为《周南》，感先王之化为《召南》，不言先王之教，无以知其然，故特著之也。此实文王之诗，而系之二公者，《志》张逸问：“王者之风，王者当在雅，在风何？”答曰：“文王以诸侯而有王者之化，述其本宜为风。”逸以文王称王，则诗当在雅，故问之。郑以此诗所述，述文王为诸侯时事，以有王者之化，故称王者之风，於时实是诸侯，诗人不为作雅。文王三分有二之化，故称“王者之风”，是其风者，王业基本。此述服事殷时王业基本之事，故云“述其本宜为风”也。化霑一国谓之为风，道被四方乃名为雅，文王才得六州，未能天下统一，虽则大於诸候，正是诸侯之大者耳。此二《南》之人犹以诸侯待之，为作风诗，不作雅体。体实是风，不得谓之为雅。文王末年，身实称王，又不可以《国风》之诗系之王身。名无所系，诗不可弃，因二公为王行化，是故系之二公。天子嫁女於诸侯，使诸侯为之主，亦此义也。其《鹿鸣》，文王诗人，本以天子待之作雅，非基本之事，故不为风也。若然，作王者之风，必感圣人之化，已知文王之圣，应知终必为王。不为作雅而作风者，诗者志也，各言其志。文王於时未称王号，或为作雅，或为作风，人志不同故也。
○笺“自从”至“王季”。
○正义曰：《释(shi)诂》云：“从(cong)，自也(ye)(ye)。”反覆相(xiang)训，是“自”得为“从(cong)”也(ye)(ye)。文(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之国在於(wu)岐周(zhou)东北(bei)，近於(wu)纣都，西北(bei)迫於(wu)戎狄，故其风化南行也(ye)(ye)。《汉(han)(han)广序》云“美化行乎江汉(han)(han)之域”，是从(cong)岐周(zhou)被江汉(han)(han)之域也(ye)(ye)。太(tai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)始有王(wang)(wang)(wang)迹，周(zhou)之追谥，上至太(tai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)而已，故知先(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)斥太(tai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)季。
《周南(nan)》、《召(zhao)南(nan)》，正始之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，王化之(zhi)(zhi)基，
[疏]“《周南》”至“之基”。
○正(zheng)义曰：既(ji)言系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)、召，又总(zong)举(ju)二(er)《南(nan)(nan)(nan)》要义。《周(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)》、《召南(nan)(nan)(nan)》二(er)十(shi)五篇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗，皆是(shi)正(zheng)其初(chu)始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大道(dao)，王(wang)业(ye)风(feng)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)本也。高以(yi)下为(wei)基(ji)，远以(yi)近为(wei)始(shi)。文王(wang)正(zheng)其家而后及其国(guo)，是(shi)正(zheng)其始(shi)也。化南(nan)(nan)(nan)土(tu)以(yi)成(cheng)王(wang)业(ye)，是(shi)王(wang)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)也。季札见(jian)歌《周(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)》、《召南(nan)(nan)(nan)》，曰：“始(shi)基(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣，犹未也。”服虔(qian)云(yun)：“未有《雅》、《颂》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)功。”亦谓二(er)《南(nan)(nan)(nan)》为(wei)王(wang)化基(ji)始(shi)，序意出于彼文也。
是以《关雎》乐得淑女以配君子，忧在进贤，不淫其色。哀窈窕，思贤才，而无伤善之心焉，是《关雎》之义也。“哀”盖字之误也，当为“衷”。“衷”谓中心恕之，无伤善之心，谓好逑也。
○淑(shu)，常(chang)六反(fan)(fan)，善也(ye)。哀，前儒并(bing)如字。《论语》云“哀而(er)不(bu)伤”是也(ye)。郑氏改作“衷”，竹隆(long)反(fan)(fan)。窈(yao)，乌了反(fan)(fan)。窕(tiao)，徒了反(fan)(fan)。毛云：“窈(yao)窕(tiao)，幽闲也(ye)。”王肃云：“善心曰窈(yao)，善容曰窕(tiao)。”恕音(yin)庶，本又作“念”。好，呼(hu)报(bao)反(fan)(fan)。逑音(yin)求。
[疏]“是以”至“之义也”。
○正义曰：上既总言二《南》，又说《关雎》篇义，覆述上后妃之德由，言二《南》皆是正始之道，先美家内之化。是以《关雎》之篇，说后妃心之所乐，乐得此贤善之女，以配己之君子；心之所忧，忧在进举贤女，不自淫恣其色；又哀伤处窈窕幽閒之女未得升进，思得贤才之人与之共事。君子劳神苦思，而无伤害善道之心，此是《关雎》诗篇之义也。毛意当然。定本“是《关雎》之义”，俗本“是”下有“以”者，误也。郑以“哀”为“衷”，言后妃衷心念恕在窈窕幽閒之善女，思使此女有贤才之行，欲令宫内和协而无伤害善人之心。馀与毛同。妇人谓夫为君子，上下之通名。乐得淑女，以配君子，言求美德善女，使为夫嫔御，与之共事文王，五章皆是也。女有美色，男子悦之，故经传之文通谓女人为色。淫者过也，过其度量谓之为淫。男过爱女谓淫女色，女过求宠是自淫其色。此言不淫其色者，谓后妃不淫恣已身之色。其者，其后妃也。妇德无厌，志不可满，凡有情欲，莫不妒忌。唯后妃之心，忧在进贤，贤人不进，以为己忧。不纵恣己色，以求专宠，此生民之难事，而后妃之性能然，所以歌美之也。毛以为哀窈窕之人与后妃同德者也，后妃以已则能配君子，彼独幽处未升，故哀念之也。既哀窈窕之未升，又思贤才之良质，欲进举之也。哀窈窕还是乐得淑女也，思贤才还是忧在进贤也，殷勤而说之也。指斥诗文则忧在进贤，下三章是也。不淫其色，首章上二句是也。此诗之作，主美后妃进贤，所以能进贤者，由不淫其色，故先言不淫其色。序论作者之意，主在进贤，故先云进贤，所以经序倒也。郑解哀字为异，其经亦与毛同。
○笺“哀盖”至“好逑”。
○正义(yi)(yi)曰：以(yi)后(hou)妃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)求贤(xian)(xian)(xian)女(nv)，直思(si)念之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)，无(wu)哀(ai)(ai)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事在(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)閒也(ye)(ye)(ye)。经云(yun)“锺鼓乐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，“琴瑟友(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，哀(ai)(ai)乐不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)有(you)(you)悲哀(ai)(ai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)云(yun)“盖字(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)误(wu)”。笺(jian)所易字(zi)(zi)(zi)多矣，皆(jie)注云(yun)当为(wei)(wei)(wei)某(mou)字(zi)(zi)(zi)。此在(zai)《诗》初，故(gu)云(yun)盖为(wei)(wei)(wei)疑辞。以(yi)下皆(jie)仿(fang)此。衷与(yu)忠，字(zi)(zi)(zi)异(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)义(yi)(yi)同(tong)，於(wu)文(wen)中(zhong)心(xin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)忠，如心(xin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)恕(shu)(shu)，故(gu)云(yun)恕(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，谓(wei)念恕(shu)(shu)此窈(yao)窕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)，思(si)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)才(cai)，言不(bu)(bu)忌胜已(yi)而(er)(er)害贤(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。无(wu)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)善(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)害善(shan)(shan)人。经称(cheng)众妾有(you)(you)逑怨，欲令(ling)窈(yao)窕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)和谐，不(bu)(bu)用(yong)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)害，故(gu)云(yun)“谓(wei)好(hao)逑也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。《论语》云(yun)“《关雎(ju)》乐而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)淫，哀(ai)(ai)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)”，即此序之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《论语》注云(yun)：“哀(ai)(ai)世夫妇不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)此人，不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)灭伤(shang)(shang)(shang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)爱。”此以(yi)哀(ai)(ai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)衷，彼仍以(yi)哀(ai)(ai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)(yi)者，郑答刘炎云(yun)：“《论语》注人閒行久，义(yi)(yi)或宜然，故(gu)不(bu)(bu)复定，以(yi)遗(yi)后(hou)说。”是郑以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)疑，故(gu)两解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。必知(zhi)毛(mao)(mao)异(yi)(yi)於(wu)郑者，以(yi)此诗出於(wu)毛(mao)(mao)氏，字(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)三家异(yi)(yi)者动以(yi)百数(shu)。此序是毛(mao)(mao)置篇(pian)端，若毛(mao)(mao)知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)误(wu)，自当改之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，何须(xu)仍作哀(ai)(ai)字(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)？毛(mao)(mao)无(wu)破字(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)，故(gu)知(zhi)从哀(ai)(ai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。毛(mao)(mao)既以(yi)哀(ai)(ai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)(yi)，则(ze)以(yi)下义(yi)(yi)势皆(jie)异(yi)(yi)於(wu)郑。思(si)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)才(cai)，谓(wei)思(si)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)才(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)(shan)女(nv)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。无(wu)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)善(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，言其(qi)(qi)(qi)能使(shi)善(shan)(shan)道全也(ye)(ye)(ye)。庸人好(hao)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)则(ze)志有(you)(you)懈(xie)倦，中(zhong)道而(er)(er)废(fei)则(ze)善(shan)(shan)心(xin)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)。后(hou)妃能寤寐(mei)而(er)(er)思(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，反侧而(er)(er)忧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)已(yi)，未(wei)尝懈(xie)倦，是其(qi)(qi)(qi)善(shan)(shan)道必全，无(wu)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)缺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)。然则(ze)毛(mao)(mao)意无(wu)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)善(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，当谓(wei)三章是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。王肃云(yun)：“哀(ai)(ai)窈(yao)窕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)，思(si)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)才(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良质，无(wu)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)善(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)焉。若苟慕其(qi)(qi)(qi)色(se)，则(ze)善(shan)(shan)心(xin)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”
关关雎鸠，在河之洲；兴也。关关，和声也。雎鸠，王雎也，鸟挚而有别。水中可居者曰洲。后妃说乐君子之德，无不和谐，又不淫其色，慎固幽深，若关雎之有别焉，然后可以风化天下。夫妇有别则父子亲，父子亲则君臣敬，君臣敬则朝廷正，朝廷正则王化成。笺云：挚之言至也，谓王雎之鸟，雌雄情意至然而有别。
○雎，七胥反。鸠，九尢反，鸟之有至别者。洲音州。兴，虚应反，沈许甑反。案：兴是譬谕之名，意有不尽，故题曰兴。他皆放此。挚本亦作鸷，音至。别，彼竭反，下同。说音悦。乐音洛。谐，户皆反。朝，直遥反。廷，徒佞反。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。窈窕，幽閒也。淑，善。逑，匹也。言后妃有关雎之德，是幽閒贞专之善女，宜为君子之好匹。笺云：怨耦曰仇。言后妃之德和谐，则幽閒处深宫贞专之善女，能为君子和好众妾之怨者。言皆化后妃之德，不嫉妒，谓三夫人以下。
○好，毛如字(zi)，郑呼报(bao)反。《兔罝》诗放此(ci)。逑音求，毛云(yun)“匹也”，本亦作仇(chou)，音同(tong)。郑云(yun)“怨(yuan)耦曰仇(chou)”。閒音闲(xian)，下同(tong)。耦，五口反。能为，于伪(wei)反。嫉(ji)音疾，徐音自后(hou)皆同(tong)。妒，丁路反，以色曰妒。
[疏]“关关”至“好逑”。
○正义曰：毛以为关关然声音和美者，是雎鸠也。此雎鸠之鸟，虽雌雄情至，犹能自别，退在河中之洲，不乘匹而相随也，以兴情至，性行和谐者，是后妃也。后妃虽说乐君子，犹能不淫其色，退在深宫之中，不亵渎而相慢也。后妃既有是德，又不妒忌，思得淑女以配君子，故窈窕然处幽閒贞专之善女，宜为君子之好匹也。以后妃不妒忌，可共以事夫，故言宜也。
○郑唯下二句为异，言幽閒之善女谓三夫人、九嫔，既化后妃，亦不妒忌，故为君子文王和好众妾之怨耦者，使皆说乐也。
○传“关关”至“王化成”。
○正义曰：《释诂》云：“关关，雍雍，音声和也。”是关关为和声也。“雎鸠，王雎也”，《释鸟》文。郭璞曰：“雕类也。今江东呼之为鹗，好在江边沚中，亦食鱼。”陆机《疏》云：“雎鸠，大小如鸱，深目，目上骨露，幽州人谓之鹫。而扬雄、许慎皆曰白鷢，似鹰，尾上白。”定本云“鸟挚而有别”，谓鸟中雌雄情意至厚而犹能有别，故以兴后妃说乐君子情深，犹能不淫其色。传为“挚”字，实取至义，故笺云“挚之言至，王雎之鸟，雄雌情意至然而有别”，所以申成毛传也。俗本云“雎鸠，王雎之鸟”者，误也。“水中可居者曰洲”，《释水》文也。李巡曰：“四方皆有水，中央独可居。”《释水》又曰“小洲曰渚”，“小渚曰沚”，“小沚曰坻”。“江有渚”，传曰：“渚，小洲也。”《蒹葭》传、《谷风》笺并云“小渚曰沚”，皆依《尔雅》为说也。《采蘩》传曰：“沚，渚。”《凫鹥》传曰：“渚，沚。”互言以晓人也。《蒹葭》传文云：“坻，小渚也。”不言小沚者，沚、渚大小异名耳，坻亦小於渚，故举渚以言之。和谐者，心中和悦，志意谐適，每事皆然，故云“无不和谐”。又解以“在河之洲”为喻之意，言后妃虽悦乐君子，不淫其色，能谨慎贞固，居在幽閒深宫之内，不妄淫亵君子，若雎鸠之有别，故以兴焉。后妃之德能如是，然后可以风化天下，使夫妇有别。夫妇有别，则性纯子孝，故能父子亲也，孝子为臣必忠，故父子亲则君臣敬。君臣既敬，则朝廷自然严正。朝廷既正，则天下无犯非礼，故王化得成也。
○传“窈窕”至“好匹”。正义曰：窈窕者，谓淑女所居之宫形状窈窕然，故笺言幽閒深宫是也。传知然者，以其淑女已为善称，则窈窕宜为居处，故云幽閒，言其幽深而閒静也。扬雄云“善心为窈，善容为窕”者，非也。“逑，匹”，《释诂》文。孙炎云：“相求之匹。”《诗》本作逑，《尔雅》多作仇，字异音义同也。又曰“后妃有关雎之德，是幽閒贞专之善女，宜为君子之好匹”者，美后妃有思贤之心，故说贤女宜求之状，总言宜求为君子好匹，则总谓百二十人矣。
○笺“不嫉”至“以下”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：下(xia)(xia)(xia)笺“三(san)(san)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)嫔(pin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)”，此(ci)(ci)直云(yun)“三(san)(san)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)”，然则(ze)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)嫔(pin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)总谓(wei)众(zhong)妾，三(san)(san)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)唯(wei)(wei)兼九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)嫔(pin)耳，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)淑女(nv)和(he)好众(zhong)妾，据尊者(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)唯(wei)(wei)指(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)嫔(pin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)也(ye)。求菜论皆(jie)乐后妃(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，故(gu)兼言(yan)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)嫔(pin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，总百(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)。若然，此(ci)(ci)众(zhong)妾谓(wei)世妇、女(nv)御也(ye)。《周礼》注(zhu)云(yun)：“世妇、女(nv)御不(bu)(bu)言(yan)数(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)，君子不(bu)(bu)苟於色，有(you)妇德(de)者(zhe)(zhe)充之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，无(wu)则(ze)阙。”所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)得有(you)怨者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)职卑德(de)小，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)无(wu)怨，故(gu)淑女(nv)和(he)好之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。见后妃(fei)(fei)和(he)谐，能(neng)化群下(xia)(xia)(xia)，虽有(you)小怨，和(he)好从化，亦所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)明后妃(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)言(yan)百(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)，《周南》王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风，以(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)拟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非其(qi)时即然也(ye)。何者(zhe)(zhe)？文王(wang)为(wei)诸侯早矣，岂先无(wu)嫔(pin)妾一人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，皆(jie)须后妃(fei)(fei)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？且(qie)百(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)，《周礼》始置，郑於《檀弓》差(cha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：帝喾立四妃(fei)(fei)，帝尧因焉(yan)；舜(shun)不(bu)(bu)告而娶，不(bu)(bu)立正(zheng)妃(fei)(fei)；夏增以(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)女(nv)为(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，殷则(ze)增以(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，至周增以(yi)(yi)(yi)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)百(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。当殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，唯(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，况文王(wang)为(wei)诸侯世子，岂有(you)百(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)？
参差荇菜，左右流之；荇，接余也。流，求也。后妃有关雎之德，乃能共荇菜，备庶物，以事宗庙也。笺云：左右，助也。言后妃将共荇菜之菹，必有助而求之者。言三夫人、九嫔以下，皆乐后妃之乐。
○参，初金反。差，初宜反，又初佳反。荇，衡猛反，本亦作莕，沈有并反。左右，王申毛如字；郑上音佐，下音佑。“接余”音馀，本或作“菨荼”，非。共音恭，本或作供，下“共荇菜”并同。菹，阻鱼反，字又作菹。嫔，鼻申反，内官名。乐音洛，又音岳。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。寤，觉。寐，寝也。笺云：言后妃觉寐则常求此贤女，欲与之共已职也。
○寤，五(wu)路(lu)反(fan)。寐，莫利(li)反(fan)。觉(jue)，音教。
[疏]“参差”至“求之”。
○毛以为后妃性既和谐，堪居后职，当共荇菜以事宗庙。后妃言此参差然不齐之荇菜，须嫔妾左右佐助而求之。由此之故，思求淑女。窈窕然幽閒贞专之善女，后妃寤寐之时常求之也。
○郑以为夫人、九嫔既不妒忌世妇、女御，又无怨争，上下说乐，同化后妃，故於后妃将共参差之荇菜以事宗庙之时，则嫔、御之等皆竞佐助后妃而求之，言皆乐后妃之事。既言乐助后妃，然后倒本其事，后妃今日所以得佐助者，由此幽閒之善女未得之时，后妃於觉寐之中常求之，欲与之共己职事，故得之也。
○传“荇接”至“宗庙”。
○正义曰：《释草》云：“莕，接余，其叶符。”陆机《疏》云“接余，白茎，叶紫赤色，正员，径寸馀，浮在水上，根在水底，与水深浅等，大如钗股，上青下白，鬻其白茎，以苦酒浸之，肥美可案酒”是也。定本“荇，接余也”，俗本“荇”下有“菜”字，衍也。“流，求”，《释言》文也。所以论求菜事以美后妃者，以德不和谐，不当神明，则不能事宗庙。今后妃和谐，有关雎之德，乃能共荇菜，备庶物，以事宗庙也。案《天官·醢人》陈四豆之实，无荇菜者，以殷礼。诗咏时事，故有之。言“备庶物”者，以荇菜亦庶物之一，不谓今后妃尽备庶物也。《礼记·祭统》曰：“水草之菹，陆产之醢，小物备矣。三牲之俎，八簋之实，美物备矣。昆虫之异，草木之实，阴阳之物备矣。凡天之所生，地之所长，苟可荐者，莫不咸在，示尽物也。”是祭必备庶物也。此经序无言祭事，知事宗庙者，以言“左右流之”，助后妃求荇菜。若非祭菜，后不亲采。《采蘩》言夫人奉祭，明此亦祭也。
○笺“左右”至“之事”。
○正义曰(yue)：“左(zuo)(zuo)右，助也(ye)”，《释诂(gu)》文(wen)。此(ci)章(zhang)未(wei)得(de)荇菜(cai)(cai)，故(gu)(gu)助而(er)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。既(ji)得(de)，故(gu)(gu)四章(zhang)论“采之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。采之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既(ji)得(de)，故(gu)(gu)卒章(zhang)言“择之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。皆是淑(shu)女(nv)(nv)助后妃(fei)(fei)，故(gu)(gu)每云(yun)“左(zuo)(zuo)右”。此(ci)章(zhang)始求，谓未(wei)当祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)“将(jiang)共荇菜(cai)(cai)”。四章(zhang)“琴瑟友(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，卒章(zhang)“锺鼓乐(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，皆谓祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)笺云(yun)“共荇菜(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)”也(ye)。此(ci)云(yun)“助而(er)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，谓未(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时(shi)(shi)亦(yi)赞(zan)助也(ye)，故(gu)(gu)《天官(guan)(guan)·九(jiu)嫔职》云(yun)：“凡(fan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)，赞(zan)后荐，彻豆笾。”《世妇(fu)职》云(yun)：“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)，莅陈女(nv)(nv)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具，凡(fan)内羞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物。”《女(nv)(nv)御职》曰(yue)：“凡(fan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)，赞(zan)世妇(fu)。”《天官(guan)(guan)·序官(guan)(guan)》注(zhu)云(yun)：“夫(fu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於后，犹三公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於王，坐(zuo)而(er)论妇(fu)礼，无官(guan)(guan)职之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。”明祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时(shi)(shi)皆在(zai)，故(gu)(gu)下章(zhang)论祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时(shi)(shi)皆有淑(shu)女(nv)(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)，明赞(zan)助可知也(ye)。此(ci)九(jiu)嫔以(yi)下兼(jian)世妇(fu)、女(nv)(nv)御也(ye)。言“皆乐(le)(le)后妃(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)”者，明既(ji)化其(qi)德，又乐(le)(le)其(qi)事(shi)(shi)，见后妃(fei)(fei)德盛感深(shen)也(ye)。事(shi)(shi)者，荇菜(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)。事(shi)(shi)为劳务，尚(shang)能乐(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，况於其(qi)德乎(hu)！
求之不得，寤寐思服；服，思之也。笺云：服，事也。求贤女而不得，觉寐则思己职事当谁与共之乎！悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。悠，思也。笺云：思之哉！思之哉！言已诚思之。卧而不周曰辗。
○悠音由(you)。辗(zhan)，本亦作展，哲善反，吕忱从车、展。郑云“不周曰辗(zhan)”，注本或作“卧而不周”者，剩二字也。
[疏]“求之”至“反侧”。
○毛以为后妃求此贤女之不得，则觉寐之中服膺念虑而思之。又言后妃诚思此淑女哉！诚思此淑女哉！其思之时，则辗转而复反侧，思念之极深也。
○郑唯以服为事，求贤女而不得，觉寐则思已职事当谁与共之。馀同也。
○传“服，思之也”。
○正义曰：王肃云：“服膺思念之。”笺以《释诂》文“服，事也”，本求淑女为已职事，故易之也。
○笺“卧而不周曰辗”。
○正义曰：《书传》曰“帝(di)犹反侧(ce)晨兴”，则(ze)反侧(ce)亦(yi)卧而不(bu)(bu)正也。反侧(ce)既为一，则(ze)辗(zhan)转亦(yi)为一，俱(ju)为卧而不(bu)(bu)周(zhou)矣。笺独以辗(zhan)为不(bu)(bu)周(zhou)者(zhe)，辨(bian)其难(nan)明，不(bu)(bu)嫌(xian)与(yu)转异也。《泽陂》云“辗(zhan)转伏(fu)枕”，伏(fu)枕，据身(shen)伏(fu)而不(bu)(bu)周(zhou)，则(ze)辗(zhan)转同为不(bu)(bu)周(zhou)，明矣。反侧(ce)犹反覆，辗(zhan)转犹婉转，俱(ju)是(shi)回动，大同小异，故《何人(ren)斯》笺“反侧(ce)，辗(zhan)转”是(shi)也。
参差荇菜(cai)，左(zuo)右采之(zhi)(zhi)；笺(jian)云(yun)：言后(hou)妃既(ji)得荇菜(cai)，必有助而采之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)。窈窕淑女，琴瑟(se)友(you)之(zhi)(zhi)。宜以琴瑟(se)友(you)乐之(zhi)(zhi)。笺(jian)云(yun)：同(tong)志(zhi)为(wei)友(you)。言贤女之(zhi)(zhi)助后(hou)妃共荇菜(cai)，其情意乃与(yu)琴瑟(se)之(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)同(tong)，共荇菜(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)时，乐必作(zuo)。
[疏]“参差”至“友之”。
○毛以为后妃本已求淑女之意，言既求得参差之荇菜，须左右佐助而采之，故所以求淑女也，故思念此处窈窕然幽閒之善女，若来，则琴瑟友而乐之。思设乐以待之，亲之至也。
○郑以为后妃化感群下，既求得之，又乐助采之。言参差之荇菜求之既得，诸嫔御之等皆乐左右助而采之，既化后妃，莫不和亲，故当共荇菜之时，作此琴瑟之乐，乐此窈窕之淑女。其情性之和，上下相亲，与琴瑟之音宫商相应无异，若与琴瑟为友然，共之同志，故云琴瑟友之。
○传“宜以琴瑟友乐之”。
○正义曰：此称后妃之意。后妃言已思此淑女，若来，已宜以琴瑟友而乐之。言友者，亲之如友。下传曰“德盛者宜有锺鼓之乐”，与此章互言也。明淑女若来，琴瑟锺鼓并有，故此传并云“友乐之”，亦逆取下章之意也。以乐有二等，相分以著义。琴瑟，乐之细者，先言之，见其和亲。锺鼓，乐之大者，故卒章言之，显其德盛。毛氏於序不破“哀”字，则此诗所言，思求淑女而未得也，若得，则设琴瑟锺鼓以乐此淑女。故孙毓述毛云：“思淑女之未得，以礼乐友乐之。”是思之而未致，乐为淑女设也。知非祭时设乐者，若在祭时，则乐为祭设，何言德盛？设女德不盛，岂祭无乐乎？又琴瑟乐神，何言友乐也？岂得以祭时之乐，友乐淑女乎？以此知毛意思淑女未得，假设之㖞也。
○笺“同志为友”。
○正义曰：人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朋友(you)，执志(zhi)(zhi)协同(tong)。今淑(shu)女来之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，雍穆(mu)如(ru)琴(qin)瑟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)和，二(er)者(zhe)志(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)，似於人(ren)(ren)(ren)友(you)，故曰“同(tong)志(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)友(you)”。琴(qin)瑟与(yu)锺鼓(gu)(gu)同(tong)为(wei)祭(ji)时，但此(ci)章言(yan)采之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故以琴(qin)瑟为(wei)友(you)以韵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；卒章云(yun)芼，故以锺鼓(gu)(gu)为(wei)乐(le)以韵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，俱祭(ji)时所用，而分为(wei)二(er)等(deng)耳。此(ci)笺“乐(le)必(bi)作”，兼下(xia)锺鼓(gu)(gu)也。下(xia)笺“琴(qin)瑟在堂”，亦取此(ci)云(yun)“琴(qin)瑟友(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，言(yan)淑(shu)女以琴(qin)瑟为(wei)友(you)。下(xia)云(yun)“锺鼓(gu)(gu)乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，共荇菜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，为(wei)锺鼓(gu)(gu)乐(le)淑(shu)女。二(er)文(wen)不同(tong)者(zhe)，因(yin)(yin)事(shi)(shi)异(yi)而变(bian)其(qi)文(wen)。以琴(qin)瑟相和，似人(ren)(ren)(ren)情志(zhi)(zhi)，故以友(you)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；锺鼓(gu)(gu)铿(keng)宏，非情志(zhi)(zhi)可比，故以乐(le)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，见祭(ji)时淑(shu)女情志(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和，而因(yin)(yin)听祭(ji)乐(le)也。
参差荇菜，左右芼之；芼，择也。笺云：后妃既得荇菜，必有助而择之者。
○芼，毛报反。
[疏]传“芼，择也”。
○正义曰：《释言》云：“芼(mao)，搴也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”孙炎曰：“皆择(ze)菜(cai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”某氏曰：“搴犹拔也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)璞(pu)曰：“拔取菜(cai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”以搴是拔之义。《史(shi)记(ji)》云“斩将搴旗(qi)”，谓拔取敌(di)人(ren)之旗(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。芼(mao)训(xun)为“拔”，而(er)此(ci)云“芼(mao)之”，故知拔菜(cai)而(er)择(ze)之也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
窈窕淑女，锺鼓乐之。德盛者宜有锺鼓之乐。笺云：琴瑟在堂，锺鼓在庭，言共荇菜之时！上下之乐皆作，盛其礼也。
○“乐之(zhi)”音(yin)洛，又音(yin)岳。或云协(xie)韵，宜五教反(fan)。
[疏]笺“琴瑟”至“其礼”。
○正义曰(yue)：知(zhi)“琴(qin)(qin)瑟在堂，锺(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)在庭”者(zhe)，《皋陶谟》云“琴(qin)(qin)瑟以咏，祖考(kao)来格”，乃云“下(xia)管鼗(tao)(tao)鼓(gu)”，明琴(qin)(qin)瑟在上，鼗(tao)(tao)鼓(gu)在下(xia)。《大射礼》颂锺(zhong)(zhong)在西(xi)阶(jie)之西(xi)，笙锺(zhong)(zhong)在东阶(jie)之东，是锺(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)在庭也。此(ci)诗美后妃能化淑女(nv)，共乐(le)其事，既得荇(xing)菜以祭宗庙，上下(xia)乐(le)作，盛此(ci)淑女(nv)所共之礼也。乐(le)虽主神，因共荇(xing)菜，归(gui)美淑女(nv)耳。
《关雎》五章(zhang)，章(zhang)四(si)句。故言(yan)三章(zhang)，一章(zhang)章(zhang)四(si)句，二(er)章(zhang)章(zhang)八句。五章(zhang)是(shi)郑所分(fen)，“故言(yan)”以(yi)下(xia)是(shi)毛公本意。后(hou)放此。
[疏]自(zi)古(gu)而(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)篇(pian)(pian)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，与诗(shi)(shi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)俱兴也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《那序(xu)》曰(yue)“得《商颂(song)(song)》十二篇(pian)(pian)”，《东山(shan)序(xu)》曰(yue)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)完”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)则(ze)(ze)古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。《论(lun)语》云(yun)：“《诗(shi)(shi)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)百，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蔽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，曰(yue)：‘思无(wu)邪(xie)。’”则(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“思无(wu)邪(xie)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。《左氏(shi)(shi)》曰(yue)“臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业在(zai)(zai)《扬(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水》卒(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”，谓第四(si)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)(gan)告人也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，及(ji)(ji)赵简子称(cheng)子大(da)(da)叔“遗我(wo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”，皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。秦、汉以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来，众(zhong)儒各为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)训诂，乃有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)称(cheng)。《论(lun)语》注(zhu)云(yun)“此‘我(wo)行其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)野(ye)’之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)必(bi)联字(zi)(zi)而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)局(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，联字(zi)(zi)分疆，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)局(ju)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)明也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，总(zong)(zong)义(yi)(yi)(yi)包(bao)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明情者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。篇(pian)(pian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)遍也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)情铺，事明而(er)遍者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)字(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)用，或(huo)(huo)(huo)全取(qu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)，“关(guan)(guan)(guan)关(guan)(guan)(guan)雎(ju)鸠”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或(huo)(huo)(huo)假辞以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)助，者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、乎(hu)、而(er)、只、且之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)联字(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，则(ze)(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)制(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诗(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)申(shen)志(zhi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)(zi)则(ze)(ze)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蹇(jian)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)会，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《诗(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)见句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，少(shao)(shao)(shao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)减二，即(ji)“祈(qi)父”、“肇禋”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)字(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“绥万邦”、“娄丰年”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。四(si)字(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“关(guan)(guan)(guan)关(guan)(guan)(guan)雎(ju)鸠”、“窈窕(tiao)淑女”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。五字(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“谁(shei)谓雀无(wu)角，何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)穿我(wo)屋”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。六(liu)字(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“昔者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)先王受命(ming)”、“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)如召公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。七字(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“如彼筑室(shi)於道谋(mou)”、“尚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)琼华乎(hu)而(er)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。八(ba)(ba)字(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“十月蟋蟀(shuai)入我(wo)床(chuang)下(xia)(xia)”、“我(wo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)(gan)效我(wo)友自(zi)逸”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)更(geng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见九字(zi)(zi)、十字(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。挚虞(yu)(yu)(yu)《流外(wai)论(lun)》云(yun)《诗(shi)(shi)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)九言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“泂(jiong)酌彼行潦挹(yi)彼注(zhu)兹”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。遍检诸本，皆(jie)云(yun)《泂(jiong)酌》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)五句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，则(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。颜延(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)：“《诗(shi)(shi)》体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)本无(wu)九言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，将由(you)声度阐缓，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)协金石，仲冶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，未可据(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)字(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)，四(si)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)多(duo)(duo)(duo)，唯(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)七八(ba)(ba)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，将由(you)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)申(shen)情，唯(wei)(wei)变所(suo)(suo)適，播之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)器，俱得成(cheng)(cheng)文故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诗(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，必(bi)须(xu)依韵(yun)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)乖者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，古(gu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)韵(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)协耳。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、兮、矣(yi)(yi)(yi)、也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)，本取(qu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辞，虽在(zai)(zai)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)处末(mo)(mo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)字(zi)(zi)上(shang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)韵(yun)。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“左右流之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”、“寤寐求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。兮者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实七兮”、“迨其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吉兮”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。矣(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“颜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚矣(yi)(yi)(yi)”、“出(chu)自(zi)口(kou)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“何其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)处也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”、“必(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)与也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《著》“俟我(wo)于著乎(hu)而(er)”，《伐(fa)檀》“且涟(lian)猗”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)(pian)，此等(deng)(deng)皆(jie)字(zi)(zi)上(shang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)韵(yun)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)人志(zhi)各异，作诗(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，必(bi)须(xu)声韵(yun)谐和(he)，曲应金石，亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)即(ji)将助句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)当声韵(yun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)(ze)“彼人是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)哉，子曰(yue)何其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”，“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)思其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)反，反是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)思，亦(yi)(yi)已焉哉”，“是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)究是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)图，亶其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)然(ran)乎(hu)”，“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)虚其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)徐(xu)，既亟只且”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，积(ji)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)所(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)限句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)数(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)陈事，须(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)(shao)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)总(zong)(zong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)，必(bi)须(xu)意(yi)尽而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。累(lei)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，则(ze)(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可，二句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，《卢令》及(ji)(ji)《鱼丽》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)则(ze)(ze)《麟趾》、《甘(gan)棠(tang)》、《驺虞(yu)(yu)(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《载芟》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，《閟(bi)宫》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十八(ba)(ba)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，自(zi)外(wai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)过(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)，随章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)多(duo)(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)(shao)。风(feng)、雅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，少(shao)(shao)(shao)犹两章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)，即(ji)《驺虞(yu)(yu)(yu)》、《渭阳(yang)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。多(duo)(duo)(duo)则(ze)(ze)十六(liu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)，《正(zheng)月》、《桑柔》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。唯(wei)(wei)《周(zhou)颂(song)(song)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)篇(pian)(pian)，及(ji)(ji)《那》、《烈祖》、《玄鸟》，皆(jie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)风(feng)、雅叙人事，刺过(guo)论(lun)功(gong)(gong)，志(zhi)在(zai)(zai)匡救(jiu)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)尽，重(zhong)(zhong)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)申(shen)殷(yin)勤，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)风(feng)、雅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)(pian)无(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。颂(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，太平德洽(qia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)，述(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告神(shen)(shen)，直言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)写志(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)殷(yin)勤，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)而(er)已。《鲁(lu)(lu)颂(song)(song)》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《鲁(lu)(lu)颂(song)(song)》美僖(xi)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，非(fei)告神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)，此则(ze)(ze)论(lun)功(gong)(gong)颂(song)(song)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)，亦(yi)(yi)殷(yin)勤而(er)重(zhong)(zhong)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。虽云(yun)盛德所(suo)(suo)同，《鲁(lu)(lu)颂(song)(song)》实不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)颂(song)(song)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。高宗一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人，而(er)《玄鸟》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，《长发》、《殷(yin)武(wu)》重(zhong)(zhong)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)诗(shi)(shi)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)，所(suo)(suo)作不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同；或(huo)(huo)(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)武(wu)丁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德，上(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)汤，下(xia)(xia)又(you)逾(yu)於鲁(lu)(lu)僖(xi)。论(lun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，同於太平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)；述(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，同於论(lun)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颂(song)(song)。明成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)篇(pian)(pian)咏有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)优(you)劣。采(cai)(cai)立章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)常厥体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)重(zhong)(zhong)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)共述(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事，《采(cai)(cai)蘋》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)；或(huo)(huo)(huo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事叠为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)数(shu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，《甘(gan)棠(tang)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)；或(huo)(huo)(huo)初(chu)同而(er)末(mo)(mo)异，《东山(shan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)；或(huo)(huo)(huo)首(shou)(shou)异而(er)末(mo)(mo)同，《汉广》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)；或(huo)(huo)(huo)事讫而(er)更(geng)申(shen)，《既醉》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)；或(huo)(huo)(huo)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)重(zhong)(zhong)而(er)事别，《鸱鸮》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)。《何草不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)黄》，随时而(er)改(gai)色；《文王有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)声》，因事而(er)变文；“采(cai)(cai)采(cai)(cai)芣苡(yi)”，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)而(er)再言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)；《宾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)筵》，三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)而(er)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)发。或(huo)(huo)(huo)篇(pian)(pian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)数(shu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)众(zhong)寡(gua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)等(deng)(deng)；章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)数(shu)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)字(zi)(zi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)(shao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，皆(jie)由(you)各言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)情，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)无(wu)恒(heng)式(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《东山(shan)·序(xu)》云(yun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、二章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、四(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)谓末(mo)(mo)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卒(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。及(ji)(ji)《左传》曰(yue)《七月》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，又(you)《扬(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水》卒(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《东山(shan)》分别章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)意(yi)，从(cong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)终於四(si)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)卒(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《左传》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)卒(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，卒(zu)(zu)，终也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)终篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)卒(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，对始也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。终篇(pian)(pian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卒(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，则(ze)(ze)初(chu)篇(pian)(pian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑注(zhu)《礼记》云(yun)“《缁衣(yi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首(shou)(shou)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然(ran)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)卒(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，对首(shou)(shou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，则(ze)(ze)《武(wu)》唯(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，而(er)《左传》曰(yue)“作《武(wu)》，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)卒(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)曰(yue)‘耆定尔功(gong)(gong)’者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)‘耆定尔功(gong)(gong)’是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu)(zu)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《大(da)(da)司(si)乐(le)(le)》注(zhu)云(yun)“《驺虞(yu)(yu)(yu)》，乐(le)(le)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)名(ming)，在(zai)(zai)《召南》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，正(zheng)谓其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)卒(zu)(zu)篇(pian)(pian)。谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，乘(cheng)上(shang)《驺虞(yu)(yu)(yu)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乐(le)(le)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“在(zai)(zai)《召南》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。定本章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)在(zai)(zai)篇(pian)(pian)后(hou)。《六(liu)艺论(lun)》云(yun)“未有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)若今(jin)传训章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”，明为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)传训以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来，始辨章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。或(huo)(huo)(huo)毛氏(shi)(shi)即(ji)题，或(huo)(huo)(huo)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)人，未能(neng)审也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。