◎诗谱序
诗之(zhi)兴也(ye)，谅不(bu)於上皇之(zhi)世(shi)。
[疏(shu)]正(zheng)义曰：上皇(huang)谓伏牺，三皇(huang)之(zhi)最先者(zhe)，故谓之(zhi)上皇(huang)。郑知(zhi)于(yu)时信(xin)无诗者(zhe)，上皇(huang)之(zhi)时，举代淳朴，田渔而(er)(er)食，与物(wu)未殊。居(ju)上者(zhe)设言而(er)(er)莫违，在(zai)下者(zhe)群居(ju)而(er)(er)不乱(luan)，未有礼义之(zhi)教，刑罚之(zhi)威，为善则莫知(zhi)其善，为恶则莫知(zhi)其恶，其心既无所感，其志有何可言，故知(zhi)尔(er)时未有诗咏。
大庭(ting)、轩辕(yuan)逮(dai)於高(gao)辛，其时有(you)亡载籍，亦(yi)蔑云焉。
[疏]正义曰：郑(zheng)注(zhu)《中(zhong)候·敕省图》，以(yi)伏(fu)牺(xi)、女(nv)(nv)娲、神农三代为(wei)三皇，以(yi)轩辕(yuan)、少(shao)昊、高阳、高辛、陶唐(tang)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)虞六代为(wei)五(wu)(wu)帝(di)。德合北辰者(zhe)皆(jie)称(cheng)(cheng)皇，感五(wu)(wu)帝(di)座(zuo)星者(zhe)皆(jie)称(cheng)(cheng)帝(di)，故三皇三而(er)五(wu)(wu)帝(di)六也(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)，神农之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别号(hao)(hao)。大(da)(da)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、轩辕(yuan)疑(yi)其(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，大(da)(da)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)以(yi)还，渐(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)器，乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)器之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音，逐人为(wei)辞(ci)，则(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渐(jian)(jian)，故疑(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)记·明堂(tang)位(wei)》曰：“土鼓(gu)、蕢桴、苇(wei)籥(yue)(yue)，伊(yi)耆氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“伊(yi)耆氏(shi)，古(gu)天(tian)子号(hao)(hao)。”《礼(li)运》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“夫(fu)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)，始诸饮食。蕢桴而(er)土鼓(gu)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“中(zhong)古(gu)未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)釜甑。”而(er)中(zhong)古(gu)谓(wei)(wei)神农时(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《郊特牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“伊(yi)耆氏(shi)始为(wei)蜡。”蜡者(zhe)，为(wei)田报祭。案《易·系(xi)辞(ci)》称(cheng)(cheng)农始作(zuo)(zuo)耒耜以(yi)教天(tian)下(xia)，则(ze)田起神农矣(yi)。二者(zhe)相推，则(ze)伊(yi)耆、神农并(bing)与大(da)(da)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)为(wei)一。大(da)(da)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鼓(gu)籥(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器，黄(huang)帝(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门(men)(men)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，至(zhi)周尚(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门(men)(men)》，明其(qi)音声和集。既(ji)能(neng)和集，必(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)空弦，弦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)，即是(shi)(shi)(shi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。但事不(bu)(bu)(bu)经见，故总为(wei)疑(yi)辞(ci)。案《古(gu)史考》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“伏(fu)牺(xi)作(zuo)(zuo)瑟(se)”，《明堂(tang)位(wei)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“女(nv)(nv)娲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)笙(sheng)簧”，则(ze)伏(fu)牺(xi)、女(nv)(nv)娲已有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)矣(yi)。郑(zheng)既(ji)信伏(fu)牺(xi)无(wu)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，又不(bu)(bu)(bu)疑(yi)女(nv)(nv)娲有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)以(yi)大(da)(da)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)为(wei)首者(zhe)，原夫(fu)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)起，发於(wu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性情，性情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)，斯乃(nai)自(zi)然而(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，故婴儿孩子则(ze)怀(huai)嬉戏抃跃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，玄鹤苍鸾亦(yi)(yi)合歌(ge)(ge)(ge)舞(wu)节(jie)奏(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)应(ying)，岂由(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)乃(nai)成(cheng)(cheng)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)作(zuo)(zuo)而(er)必(bi)(bi)由(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)？然则(ze)上(shang)(shang)古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，徒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)讴歌(ge)(ge)(ge)吟呼(hu)，纵令土鼓(gu)、苇(wei)籥(yue)(yue)，必(bi)(bi)无(wu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)雅颂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声。故伏(fu)牺(xi)作(zuo)(zuo)瑟(se)，女(nv)(nv)娲笙(sheng)簧，及蕢桴、土鼓(gu)，必(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)因诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)咏。如(ru)此则(ze)时(shi)虽有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，容或无(wu)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。郑(zheng)疑(yi)大(da)(da)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，正据(ju)后世(shi)渐(jian)(jian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，故疑(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)尔，未(wei)必(bi)(bi)以(yi)土鼓(gu)、苇(wei)籥(yue)(yue)遂为(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。若然，《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)序》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“情动於(wu)中(zhong)而(er)形於(wu)言(yan)，言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足乃(nai)永歌(ge)(ge)(ge)嗟(jie)叹(tan)。声成(cheng)(cheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乃(nai)为(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)。此据(ju)后代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，其(qi)上(shang)(shang)古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)必(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)此。郑(zheng)说既(ji)疑(yi)大(da)(da)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，则(ze)书(shu)契之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前已有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矣(yi)。而(er)《六艺论·论诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，弦歌(ge)(ge)(ge)讽谕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声也(ye)(ye)。自(zi)书(shu)契之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴，朴略(lve)尚(shang)质，面称(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)谄，目(mu)谏(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)谤，君臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接如(ru)朋(peng)友然，在於(wu)恳诚(cheng)而(er)已。斯道稍衰，奸伪以(yi)生(sheng)，上(shang)(shang)下(xia)相犯(fan)。及其(qi)制(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，尊君卑(bei)臣(chen)，君道刚严，臣(chen)道柔顺，於(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)箴谏(jian)者(zhe)希，情志不(bu)(bu)(bu)通，故作(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)以(yi)诵其(qi)美而(er)讥(ji)其(qi)过。”彼书(shu)契之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴既(ji)未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，制(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后始有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，《艺论》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)今(jin)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)用(yong)诵美讥(ji)过，故以(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)为(wei)限。此言(yan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渐(jian)(jian)，述情歌(ge)(ge)(ge)咏，未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箴谏(jian)，故疑(yi)大(da)(da)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)以(yi)还。由(you)主意有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)异，故所(suo)称(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同。礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)与天(tian)地并(bing)矣(yi)，而(er)《艺论·论礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)其(qi)初(chu)(chu)起，盖与诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同时(shi)”，亦(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)今(jin)时(shi)所(suo)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)礼(li)起之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)。
《虞书》曰：“诗言志，歌永言，声依永，律和声。”然则《诗》之(zhi)道放於此乎！
[疏]正义曰(yue)：《虞(yu)书》者，《舜(shun)(shun)(shun)典(dian)(dian)》也。郑(zheng)不见(jian)《古文尚书》，伏生以(yi)《舜(shun)(shun)(shun)典(dian)(dian)》合於(wu)(wu)《尧(yao)典(dian)(dian)》，故郑(zheng)注(zhu)在《尧(yao)典(dian)(dian)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末。彼注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)言人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)意(yi)(yi)也。永(yong)，长(zhang)也，歌(ge)(ge)又所(suo)(suo)以(yi)长(zhang)言诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)。声之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曲折(zhe)，又长(zhang)言而(er)(er)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。声中律乃为(wei)和。”彼《舜(shun)(shun)(shun)典(dian)(dian)》命(ming)乐，已(yi)道歌(ge)(ge)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，经典(dian)(dian)言诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，无(wu)先此(ci)者，故言《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也。“放於(wu)(wu)此(ci)乎”，犹言適(shi)於(wu)(wu)此(ci)也。“放於(wu)(wu)此(ci)乎”，隐二年(nian)《公(gong)羊(yang)传》文。言放於(wu)(wu)此(ci)者，谓(wei)今(jin)(jin)诵美讥过(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)道始(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)此(ci)，非(fei)(fei)初(chu)作讴(ou)歌(ge)(ge)始(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)此(ci)也。《益稷》称舜(shun)(shun)(shun)云(yun)(yun)：“工以(yi)纳言，时(shi)而(er)(er)飏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，格(ge)则(ze)(ze)乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，否则(ze)(ze)威之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”彼说(shuo)(shuo)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)诫群臣(chen)，使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。是(shi)用诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)规谏(jian)，舜(shun)(shun)(shun)时(shi)已(yi)然(ran)。大舜(shun)(shun)(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圣(sheng)，任贤使能，目(mu)谏(jian)面称，似(si)无(wu)所(suo)(suo)忌。而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)“情(qing)志(zhi)不通(tong)，始(shi)(shi)(shi)作诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者，《六(liu)艺论(lun)(lun)》云(yun)(yun)情(qing)志(zhi)不通(tong)者，据今(jin)(jin)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)论(lun)(lun)，故云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)诵其(qi)(qi)美而(er)(er)讥其(qi)(qi)过(guo)”。其(qi)(qi)唐(tang)虞(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，非(fei)(fei)由情(qing)志(zhi)不通(tong)，直对面歌(ge)(ge)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)相诫勖，且为(wei)滥觞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渐，与今(jin)(jin)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不一(yi)，故《皋陶(tao)(tao)谟》说(shuo)(shuo)皋陶(tao)(tao)与舜(shun)(shun)(shun)相答为(wei)歌(ge)(ge)，即是(shi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也。《虞(yu)书》所(suo)(suo)言，虽(sui)是(shi)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)夔，而(er)(er)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)承於(wu)(wu)尧(yao)，明(ming)尧(yao)已(yi)用诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矣，故《六(liu)艺论(lun)(lun)》云(yun)(yun)唐(tang)、虞(yu)始(shi)(shi)(shi)造(zao)其(qi)(qi)初(chu)，至周分为(wei)六(liu)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，亦(yi)指(zhi)《尧(yao)典(dian)(dian)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文。谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)初(chu)，谓(wei)造(zao)今(jin)(jin)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)，非(fei)(fei)讴(ou)歌(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)。讴(ou)歌(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)，则(ze)(ze)疑其(qi)(qi)起自(zi)大庭(ting)时(shi)矣。然(ran)讴(ou)歌(ge)(ge)自(zi)当久远，其(qi)(qi)名(ming)曰(yue)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，未知(zhi)何代。虽(sui)於(wu)(wu)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)世始(shi)(shi)(shi)见(jian)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)名(ming)，其(qi)(qi)名(ming)必(bi)不初(chu)起舜(shun)(shun)(shun)时(shi)也。名(ming)为(wei)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者，《内则(ze)(ze)》说(shuo)(shuo)负(fu)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼云(yun)(yun)“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)负(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言承也。”《春秋说(shuo)(shuo)题辞》云(yun)(yun)：“在事为(wei)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，未发为(wei)谋，恬澹为(wei)心，思虑(lv)为(wei)志(zhi)。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)言，志(zhi)也。”《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)纬(wei)·含神(shen)务(wu)》云(yun)(yun)：“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者，持也。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有三(san)训，承也、志(zhi)也、持也。作者承君政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)恶，述己志(zhi)而(er)(er)作诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，为(wei)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)持人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行，使不失队，故一(yi)名(ming)而(er)(er)三(san)训也。
有(you)夏(xia)承(cheng)之，篇(pian)章泯弃，靡有(you)孑遗(yi)。
[疏(shu)]正(zheng)义曰(yue)：夏(xia)承虞后，必(bi)有诗(shi)矣。但篇(pian)章绝灭，无有孑然而得(de)遗馀。此(ci)夏(xia)之篇(pian)章不知(zhi)何时灭也。有《商颂(song)(song)》而无夏(xia)颂(song)(song)，盖周室之初世(shi)记(ji)录不得(de)。
迩(er)及商王，不风不雅。
[疏]正义曰(yue)：汤以诸(zhu)侯行化，卒为天(tian)子(zi)。《商(shang)(shang)(shang)颂》成汤“命於(wu)下国(guo)，封建厥福”，明其政教渐兴(xing)，亦有风(feng)、雅。商(shang)(shang)(shang)、周(zhou)相接，年月未多，今(jin)无商(shang)(shang)(shang)风(feng)、雅，唯(wei)有其颂，是周(zhou)世弃而(er)(er)不录，故(gu)云“近及商(shang)(shang)(shang)王，不风(feng)不雅”，言有而(er)(er)不取之。
何者？论功颂德所以(yi)(yi)将(jiang)顺(shun)其美，剌(la)过讥失所以(yi)(yi)匡救(jiu)其恶，各(ge)於(wu)其党，则(ze)为(wei)法者彰(zhang)显，为(wei)戒(jie)者著明(ming)。
[疏]正义曰：此论周室不存商之风、雅之意。风、雅之诗，止有论功颂德、剌过讥失之二事耳。党谓族亲。此二事各於己之族亲，周人自录周之风、雅，则法足彰显，戒足著明，不假复录先代之风、雅也。颂则前代至美之诗，敬先代，故录之。
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周自后(hou)稷(ji)播种百穀，黎民阻饥，兹时(shi)乃(nai)粒，自传於此(ci)名也。
[疏]正义曰(yue)：自此(ci)(ci)下至“诗之(zhi)正经(jing)”，说周(zhou)有正诗之(zhi)由。言后稷种百穀之(zhi)时，众人皆厄於饥，此(ci)(ci)时乃得粒食(shi)。后稷有此(ci)(ci)大(da)功，称闻不朽(xiu)，是(shi)后稷自彼(bi)尧(yao)时流传於此(ci)(ci)后世之(zhi)名也(ye)。《尧(yao)典》说舜命后稷云：“帝曰(yue)：‘弃，黎民阻(zu)饥，汝后稷，播(bo)时百穀。’”《皋(gao)陶谟》称禹曰(yue)：予“暨稷播(bo)，奏庶艰食(shi)、鲜食(shi)，烝民乃粒”。是(shi)其文也(ye)。
陶唐之末(mo)，中叶公刘亦世(shi)脩其业，以(yi)明民共财。
[疏(shu)]正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：公刘(liu)者(zhe)，后稷之(zhi)曾孙，当夏时为诸侯。以后稷当唐之(zhi)时，故继唐言(yan)之(zhi)也。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)叶，谓(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)世。后稷至於(wu)大王，公刘(liu)居其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。《商颂》云“昔在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)叶”，亦(yi)谓(wei)自契至汤(tang)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也。《祭法》云“黄帝正(zheng)名百物，以明(ming)民(min)共(gong)财”。明(ming)民(min)，谓(wei)使衣(yi)服有(you)章(zhang)(zhang)。共(gong)财，谓(wei)使之(zhi)同有(you)财用。公刘(liu)在豳教(jiao)民(min)，使上下有(you)章(zhang)(zhang)，财用不乏，故引黄帝之(zhi)事以言(yan)之(zhi)。
至於大王(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)季，克堪顾天。
[疏]正义曰：此《尚(shang)书·多方(fang)》，说天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)以(yi)(yi)纣恶(e)，更求人主之(zhi)(zhi)意，云：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)惟求尔(er)多方(fang)，大动以(yi)(yi)威，开(kai)(kai)厥(jue)顾(gu)(gu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。惟尔(er)多方(fang)，罔堪(kan)顾(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)。惟我(wo)周(zhou)王(wang)，克堪(kan)用德，惟典神(shen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。”注云：顾(gu)(gu)由(you)视念也。其(qi)意言天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)灾异(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)威，动天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)心，开(kai)(kai)其(qi)能(neng)(neng)为天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)以(yi)(yi)视念者。众国无(wu)堪(kan)为之(zhi)(zhi)，惟我(wo)周(zhou)能(neng)(neng)堪(kan)之(zhi)(zhi)。彼(bi)言文王(wang)、武王(wang)能(neng)(neng)顾(gu)(gu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)耳。大王(wang)、王(wang)季为天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)所(suo)祐(you)，已有王(wang)迹，是能(neng)(neng)顾(gu)(gu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也。
文、武之德，光熙前绪，以(yi)集大命於厥(jue)身，遂为天(tian)下父母，使民有政有居(ju)。
[疏]正义曰：《泰誓(shi)》说(shuo)武(wu)王伐纣，众咸曰孜(zi)孜(zi)无(wu)怠，天(tian)将有(you)(you)立(li)父母(mu)，民(min)之有(you)(you)政有(you)(you)居。言(yan)民(min)得圣人(ren)为父母(mu)，必将有(you)(you)明政，有(you)(you)安(an)居。文、武(wu)道同，故并(bing)言(yan)之。
其时(shi)《诗》，风有《周南(nan)》、《召南(nan)》，雅有《鹿鸣》、《文王》之属。
[疏]正(zheng)义曰：此总言文、武(wu)之(zhi)诗(shi)皆(jie)(jie)述文、武(wu)之(zhi)政，未必皆(jie)(jie)文、武(wu)时(shi)作也，故(gu)《文王(wang)》、《大明》之(zhi)等(deng)，检其文，皆(jie)(jie)成(cheng)王(wang)时(shi)作。
及成王，周公(gong)致大平(ping)，制礼作(zuo)乐(le)，而(er)有颂声兴焉(yan)，盛之至也。
[疏]正义曰：时当成王，功由(you)周公，故《谱(pu)》说(shuo)成王之(zhi)诗皆(jie)并举周公为(wei)文。制礼(li)作乐，大平无为(wei)，故与大平连(lian)言。颂声(sheng)之(zhi)兴，不(bu)皆(jie)在(zai)制礼(li)之(zhi)后(hou)也。故《春(chun)官(guan)·乐师职》云：“及彻(che)(che)，帅(shuai)学士而(er)歌彻(che)(che)。”玄谓(wei)彻(che)(che)者(zhe)，歌《雍》也。是颂诗之(zhi)作，有(you)在(zai)制礼(li)前者(zhe)也。
本之(zhi)由此(ci)风、雅而来(lai)，故(gu)皆录(lu)之(zhi)，谓(wei)之(zhi)《诗(shi)》之(zhi)正(zheng)经(jing)。
[疏(shu)]正义曰(yue)：此解周(zhou)(zhou)诗(shi)并录风、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。以《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)》、《召(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风，是(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基本，《鹿(lu)鸣(ming)》、《文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，初兴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政教。今(jin)有颂(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)功，由(you)(you)彼(bi)风、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)而(er)(er)就，据成(cheng)功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颂(song)(song)，本而(er)(er)原(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)颂(song)(song)乃由(you)(you)此风、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)而(er)(er)来，故(gu)皆录之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《诗(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正经(jing)。以道(dao)衰乃作者(zhe)，名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)“变(bian)”，此诗(shi)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)“正”。此等(deng)正诗(shi)，昔武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)采(cai)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，乃成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)即政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初，於(wu)时国史自(zi)定(ding)(ding)其(qi)(qi)(qi)篇，属(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)师，以为(wei)(wei)常(chang)乐(le)，非孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有去取(qu)也(ye)。《仪(yi)(yi)礼(li)·乡(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)》“工歌(ge)(ge)《鹿(lu)鸣(ming)》、《四牡》、《皇(huang)皇(huang)者(zhe)华(hua)(hua)》”，“笙入奏《南(nan)(nan)(nan)陔》、《白(bai)华(hua)(hua)》、《华(hua)(hua)黍(shu)》”，“閒歌(ge)(ge)《鱼丽(li)》，笙《由(you)(you)庚(geng)》，歌(ge)(ge)《南(nan)(nan)(nan)有嘉鱼》，笙《崇丘》，歌(ge)(ge)《南(nan)(nan)(nan)山(shan)有台》，笙《由(you)(you)仪(yi)(yi)》，合乐(le)《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)·关雎》、《葛(ge)覃》、《卷(juan)耳(er)》、《召(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)·鹊巢(chao)》、《采(cai)蘩》、《采(cai)蘋(pin)》”。《燕(yan)礼(li)》用乐(le)与《乡(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)》文(wen)(wen)同(tong)，唯(wei)《采(cai)蘋(pin)》越(yue)《草虫(chong)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇，其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀在於(wu)今(jin)《诗(shi)》，悉皆次比。又《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》及《国语》称鲁(lu)叔孙穆子(zi)(zi)(zi)聘(pin)於(wu)晋，晋人为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)《文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)》、《大(da)明》、《绵》，又歌(ge)(ge)《鹿(lu)鸣(ming)》、《四牡》、《皇(huang)皇(huang)者(zhe)华(hua)(hua)》，亦各取(qu)三篇，风、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)异奏，明其(qi)(qi)(qi)先自(zi)次比，非孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)定(ding)(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)《谱》於(wu)此不言孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)变(bian)风、变(bian)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)皆孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)所定(ding)(ding)，故(gu)下(xia)文(wen)(wen)特(te)言孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)录之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《春(chun)官·大(da)师职》郑司农(nong)注云(yun)：“古而(er)(er)自(zi)有风、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，故(gu)延陵季子(zi)(zi)(zi)观乐(le)於(wu)鲁(lu)，时孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)尚幼，未定(ding)(ding)《诗(shi)》、《书》，而(er)(er)曰(yue)‘为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)《邶》、《鄘》、《卫(wei)》’，曰(yue)：‘是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)《卫(wei)风》乎(hu)’。又为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)小雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、大(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，又为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)颂(song)(song)。《论语》曰(yue)：‘吾自(zi)卫(wei)反(fan)鲁(lu)，然后(hou)(hou)乐(le)正，雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)各得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所。’时礼(li)乐(le)自(zi)诸侯(hou)出，颇有谬乱(luan)不正者(zhe)，孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)正之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。”是(shi)司农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意亦与郑同(tong)，以为(wei)(wei)风、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)先定(ding)(ding)，非孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。襄二十九年(nian)《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》，服虔注云(yun)：“哀公十一年(nian)，孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)自(zi)卫(wei)反(fan)鲁(lu)，然后(hou)(hou)乐(le)正，雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)各得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所，距此六十一岁。当时雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)未定(ding)(ding)，而(er)(er)云(yun)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)小雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、大(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)者(zhe)，传(chuan)(chuan)家据已定(ding)(ding)录之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”此说非也(ye)。六诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目，见(jian)於(wu)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)》，岂由(you)(you)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)始(shi)定(ding)(ding)其(qi)(qi)(qi)名乎(hu)？《仪(yi)(yi)礼(li)》歌(ge)(ge)《召(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)》三篇，越(yue)《草虫(chong)》而(er)(er)取(qu)《采(cai)蘋(pin)》，盖《采(cai)蘋(pin)》旧(jiu)在《草虫(chong)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)以后(hou)(hou)，简札始(shi)倒，或(huo)者(zhe)《草虫(chong)》有忧心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，故(gu)不用为(wei)(wei)常(chang)乐(le)耳(er)。
后王稍更陵(ling)迟，懿王始(shi)受谮亨齐哀(ai)公。夷身失礼之后，邶(bei)不(bu)尊贤。
[疏]正(zheng)义曰：自此(ci)以下(xia)，至“刺怨相寻(xun)”，解变(bian)风(feng)、变(bian)雅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)时(shi)(shi)(shi)节(jie)。变(bian)风(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)，齐、卫(wei)(wei)(wei)为先。齐哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)当懿(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，卫(wei)(wei)(wei)顷(qing)公(gong)(gong)当夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，故先言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)也。庄四(si)年《公(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰：“齐哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)亨(heng)乎周(zhou)(zhou)，纪(ji)侯(hou)(hou)谮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”徐(xu)广以为周(zhou)(zhou)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)亨(heng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑(zheng)知(zhi)懿(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)，以《齐世家》云(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)亨(heng)哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)，而(er)立其弟靖(jing)，为胡(hu)(hu)公(gong)(gong)。”当夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)母弟山杀胡(hu)(hu)公(gong)(gong)而(er)自立”。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，山杀胡(hu)(hu)公(gong)(gong)，则胡(hu)(hu)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立在夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)前矣(yi)。受谮亨(heng)人(ren)，是衰闇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主。夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)上有(you)孝王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，《书(shu)传(chuan)》不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)孝王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)有(you)大罪恶。《周(zhou)(zhou)本(ben)纪(ji)》云(yun)(yun)：“懿(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)立，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)室(shi)遂衰，诗(shi)人(ren)作(zuo)刺。”是周(zhou)(zhou)衰自懿(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)始(shi)，明懿(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)受谮矣(yi)。《本(ben)纪(ji)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)诗(shi)人(ren)作(zuo)刺，得不(bu)以懿(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)《鸡鸣(ming)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)作(zuo)乎？是以知(zhi)亨(heng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)懿(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)也。《卫(wei)(wei)(wei)世家》云(yun)(yun)：“贞(zhen)伯(bo)卒(zu)，子(zi)顷(qing)侯(hou)(hou)立。顷(qing)侯(hou)(hou)厚赂周(zhou)(zhou)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)命为卫(wei)(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)。”是卫(wei)(wei)(wei)顷(qing)公(gong)(gong)当夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)。《郊特(te)牲》云(yun)(yun)：“觐礼(li)，天(tian)子(zi)不(bu)下(xia)堂而(er)见诸侯(hou)(hou)。”下(xia)堂而(er)见诸侯(hou)(hou)，天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)(shi)礼(li)也，由夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以下(xia)，是夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)身失(shi)(shi)礼(li)也。《柏(bo)舟》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“仁(ren)而(er)不(bu)遇”，是邶不(bu)尊贤也。
自是而下，厉(li)也幽(you)也，政教(jiao)尤衰，周室(shi)大(da)(da)坏，《十月之交》、《民劳》、《板》、《荡(dang)》勃尔(er)俱作。众国纷然，刺怨(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)相(xiang)(xiang)寻。正(zheng)义曰：大(da)(da)率变风之作，多在夷、厉(li)之后，故云“众国纷然，刺怨(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)相(xiang)(xiang)寻”。《击鼓序》云“怨(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州吁”，怨(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)亦剌之类，故连言(yan)之。五霸之末，上无(wu)天(tian)子，下无(wu)方伯，善者谁(shei)赏？恶者谁(shei)罚？纪(ji)纲(gang)绝矣。
[疏]正义曰：此言(yan)(yan)周室极(ji)衰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)不复有(you)诗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。“五(wu)(wu)霸”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字，或作“五(wu)(wu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)”。成二(er)年《左传》云(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)(wu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霸也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《中(zhong)候》“霸免”，注云(yun)(yun)：“霸犹把也(ye)(ye)(ye)，把天(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然则言(yan)(yan)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)者，长(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，谓与诸(zhu)(zhu)侯为(wei)(wei)(wei)长(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。五(wu)(wu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)者，三代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末，王(wang)政衰微，诸(zhu)(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)强者以把天(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，与诸(zhu)(zhu)侯为(wei)(wei)(wei)长(zhang)，三代共有(you)五(wu)(wu)人。服虔云(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)(wu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，谓夏伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)昆(kun)吾，商伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)大彭、豕韦(wei)，周伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)齐(qi)桓(huan)、晋文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”知(zhi)者，《郑语》云(yun)(yun)：“祝(zhu)融之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，昆(kun)吾为(wei)(wei)(wei)夏伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)矣，大彭、豕韦(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)商伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)矣。”《论语》云(yun)(yun)：“管(guan)仲相(xiang)桓(huan)公(gong)，霸诸(zhu)(zhu)侯。”昭(zhao)九年传云(yun)(yun)：“文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是五(wu)(wu)者为(wei)(wei)(wei)霸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此言(yan)(yan)五(wu)(wu)霸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末，正谓周代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霸齐(qi)桓(huan)、晋文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，明其不在夏、殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霸也(ye)(ye)(ye)。齐(qi)、晋最居(ju)其末，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)五(wu)(wu)霸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末耳。僖元年《公(gong)羊传》云(yun)(yun)：“上无(wu)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)，下无(wu)方(fang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，天(tian)(tian)下诸(zhu)(zhu)侯有(you)相(xiang)灭亡者，桓(huan)公(gong)不能救，则桓(huan)公(gong)耻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是齐(qi)桓(huan)、晋文(wen)能赏善罚恶也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其后(hou)无(wu)复霸君，不能赏罚，是天(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纲纪绝矣。纵使作诗，终是无(wu)益，故(gu)贤者不复作诗，由其王(wang)泽(ze)竭故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《王(wang)制》云(yun)(yun)：“千里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，设方(fang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)二(er)百(bai)一十(shi)国以为(wei)(wei)(wei)州(zhou)，州(zhou)有(you)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。”是方(fang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)谓州(zhou)牧也(ye)(ye)(ye)。周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)长(zhang)自名(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)牧，以其长(zhang)於一方(fang)，故(gu)《公(gong)羊》称为(wei)(wei)(wei)方(fang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。言(yan)(yan)无(wu)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)，无(wu)方(fang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，谓无(wu)贤明耳。
故孔(kong)子(zi)录懿王、夷(yi)王时(shi)诗(shi)，讫於陈灵公淫乱(luan)之事，谓之变(bian)(bian)风、变(bian)(bian)雅。
[疏]正义曰(yue)：懿王(wang)时(shi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，《齐风(feng)(feng)》是(shi)也。夷王(wang)时(shi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，《邶(bei)(bei)风(feng)(feng)》是(shi)也。陈(chen)灵(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)，鲁宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)十(shi)年(nian)为(wei)(wei)其(qi)臣夏(xia)徵舒所弑。变风(feng)(feng)齐、邶(bei)(bei)为(wei)(wei)先，陈(chen)最在(zai)(zai)后(hou)，变雅(ya)则(ze)(ze)处其(qi)閒(xian)，故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)举(ju)(ju)(ju)其(qi)终始(shi)也。《史(shi)记·孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)世家(jia)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“古者诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本三(san)(san)(san)千馀(yu)(yu)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，去其(qi)重，取(qu)其(qi)可施於礼义者三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五篇(pian)(pian)(pian)。”是(shi)《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)者，孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)定之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如《史(shi)记》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，则(ze)(ze)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)多矣。案《书传(chuan)》所引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，见(jian)在(zai)(zai)者多，亡(wang)(wang)逸者少，则(ze)(ze)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)所录(lu)，不(bu)容十(shi)分去九。司马迁言古诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)千馀(yu)(yu)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，未可信(xin)也。据今者及(ji)(ji)亡(wang)(wang)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，凡有三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)一十(shi)一篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，皆子(zi)(zi)夏(xia)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)序(xu)(xu)，明是(shi)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)旧定，而(er)《史(shi)记》、《汉书》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五篇(pian)(pian)(pian)”者，阙其(qi)亡(wang)(wang)者，以(yi)(yi)(yi)见(jian)在(zai)(zai)为(wei)(wei)数(shu)也。《乐纬·动声仪》《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)纬·含(han)神务》《尚书·璿(xuan)玑钤》皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)“三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五篇(pian)(pian)(pian)”者，汉世毛学不(bu)行，三(san)(san)(san)家(jia)不(bu)见(jian)《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)序(xu)(xu)》，不(bu)知六篇(pian)(pian)(pian)亡(wang)(wang)失，谓其(qi)唯有三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五篇(pian)(pian)(pian)。谶纬皆汉世所作(zuo)，故(gu)(gu)言三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五耳(er)。此言“讫於陈(chen)灵(ling)(ling)”，则(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)鲁僖(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)。《艺(yi)论(lun)(lun)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)录(lu)周衰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌，及(ji)(ji)众国贤圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗风(feng)(feng)，自文王(wang)创基，至(zhi)於鲁僖(xi)四百(bai)(bai)年(nian)间，凡取(qu)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，合(he)为(wei)(wei)国风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)、颂(song)。”唯言“至(zhi)於鲁僖(xi)”者，据《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首君为(wei)(wei)文也。陈(chen)灵(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)非陈(chen)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首，曹昭公(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)僖(xi)七年(nian)卒，即位(wei)在(zai)(zai)僖(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前，故(gu)(gu)举(ju)(ju)(ju)鲁僖(xi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)言也。《艺(yi)论(lun)(lun)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“文王(wang)创基，至(zhi)於鲁僖(xi)”，则(ze)(ze)《商(shang)颂(song)》不(bu)在(zai)(zai)数(shu)矣。而(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)周诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)所录(lu)，《商(shang)颂(song)》则(ze)(ze)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)数(shu)先定，论(lun)(lun)录(lu)则(ze)(ze)独举(ju)(ju)(ju)周代，数(shu)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)则(ze)(ze)兼取(qu)商(shang)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“合(he)为(wei)(wei)国风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)、颂(song)”者，以(yi)(yi)(yi)商(shang)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦周歌所用，故(gu)(gu)得(de)称之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)刊(kan)定，则(ze)(ze)应(ying)先后(hou)依(yi)次(ci)，而(er)《郑(zheng)风(feng)(feng)·清人》是(shi)文公(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，处昭公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)；《卫风(feng)(feng)·伯兮》是(shi)宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)惠公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下者，郑(zheng)答张逸云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本无文字，后(hou)人不(bu)能尽得(de)其(qi)次(ci)第(di)，录(lu)者直录(lu)，存义而(er)已。”然则(ze)(ze)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，始(shi)颠倒杂(za)乱耳(er)。
以(yi)为勤民恤功，昭(zhao)(zhao)事上帝，则受颂声，弘福如彼；若违而弗用，则被劫杀，大祸如此。吉凶(xiong)之所由，忧(you)娱之萌渐，昭(zhao)(zhao)昭(zhao)(zhao)在斯，足作(zuo)后(hou)王之鉴，於是止(zhi)矣(yi)。
[疏]正(zheng)义(yi)曰：此言(yan)孔子录《诗》，唯取三百之(zhi)(zhi)意。“弘(hong)福如(ru)(ru)彼”，谓(wei)如(ru)(ru)文、武、成王，世脩其德，致太平也。“大祸如(ru)(ru)此”，谓(wei)如(ru)(ru)厉(li)、幽、陈(chen)灵，恶加於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)民(min)，被放弑(shi)也。“违而不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)”，谓(wei)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)《诗》义(yi)，则(ze)(ze)“勤民(min)恤功，昭(zhao)事上帝”是用(yong)(yong)(yong)《诗》义(yi)也。互言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)也。用(yong)(yong)(yong)《诗》则(ze)(ze)吉，不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)则(ze)(ze)凶(xiong)。“吉凶(xiong)之(zhi)(zhi)所由”，谓(wei)由《诗》也。《诗》之(zhi)(zhi)规谏，皆防萌杜渐，用(yong)(yong)(yong)《诗》则(ze)(ze)乐，不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)则(ze)(ze)忧，是为“忧娱之(zhi)(zhi)萌渐”也。此二(er)事皆明明在(zai)此，故唯录三百一十一篇，庶今之(zhi)(zhi)明君良臣(chen)，欲(yu)崇德致治，克稽古於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)先(xian)代，视(shi)成败於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行事。又疾时(shi)博(bo)士之(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)《诗》，既不(bu)精其研(yan)核(he)，又不(bu)睹其终始，讲於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)乡党无昭(zhao)晳，陈(chen)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)朝廷不(bu)焕(huan)炳，故将述其国(guo)土之(zhi)(zhi)分，列其人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)后(hou)。
夷、厉已(yi)上，岁数不(bu)明。太史《年表》自共和始(shi)，历宣、幽、平王(wang)而得春(chun)秋次第，以立斯《谱》。
[疏]正义曰(yue)：“自(zi)此(ci)已下，论作《谱(pu)(pu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。《本(ben)纪(ji)》夷王已上多不记(ji)在位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，是(shi)“岁数不明(ming)”。《周(zhou)本(ben)纪(ji)》云(yun)：“厉王三十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，王益严。又三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，王出奔于彘(zhi)。召公(gong)(gong)、周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)二相行政，号(hao)曰(yue)共(gong)和(he)。”《十(shi)二诸侯(hou)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)表》起自(zi)共(gong)和(he)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，是(shi)岁鲁真公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，齐武(wu)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，晋靖(jing)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，秦(qin)仲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，宋釐公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，卫僖侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，陈(chen)幽公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，蔡武(wu)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，曹夷伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，郑则(ze)于时未封，是(shi)“太史《年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)表》自(zi)共(gong)和(he)始”也(ye)。又案(an)《本(ben)纪(ji)》“共(gong)和(he)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，厉王死於彘(zhi)。宣(xuan)王即位，四(si)十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)崩。子幽王立(li)，十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)为(wei)犬戎所杀。子平王立(li)，四(si)十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，当鲁隐(yin)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。”计共(gong)和(he)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)距春(chun)秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初一百一十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，春(chun)秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)岁分明(ming)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)“历宣(xuan)、幽、平王而得春(chun)秋次第，以立(li)斯(si)《谱(pu)(pu)》”。郑於三《礼》、《论语》为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作序(xu)(xu)，此(ci)《谱(pu)(pu)》亦是(shi)序(xu)(xu)类，避子夏序(xu)(xu)名(ming)，以其(qi)列诸侯(hou)世(shi)(shi)及《诗(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次，故(gu)(gu)名(ming)“谱(pu)(pu)”也(ye)。《易》有《序(xu)(xu)卦》，《书》有孔(kong)子作《序(xu)(xu)》，故(gu)(gu)郑避之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)“赞(zan)”。赞(zan)，明(ming)也(ye)，明(ming)己(ji)为(wei)注(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。此(ci)《诗(shi)》不谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“赞(zan)”，而谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“谱(pu)(pu)”，谱(pu)(pu)者，普也(ye)，注(zhu)序(xu)(xu)世(shi)(shi)数，事(shi)得周(zhou)普，故(gu)(gu)《史记(ji)》谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“谱(pu)(pu)牒”是(shi)也(ye)。
欲知(zhi)源流(liu)清浊(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)所处，则(ze)循其上下而(er)省(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)；欲知(zhi)风化芳臭(chou)气泽之(zhi)(zhi)所及，则(ze)傍(bang)行而(er)观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)，此《诗(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)大纲也。举一(yi)纲而(er)万(wan)目张，解一(yi)卷而(er)众篇明，於(wu)力则(ze)鲜，於(wu)思则(ze)寡，其诸君子亦有乐於(wu)是与。
[疏]正义曰(yue)：此(ci)又总言为(wei)《谱》之(zhi)理(li)也(ye)(ye)。著魏(wei)有俭啬之(zhi)俗(su)，唐有杀礼之(zhi)风，齐有太(tai)公(gong)之(zhi)化，卫有康叔之(zhi)烈。述其(qi)(qi)土(tu)地之(zhi)宜(yi)，显其(qi)(qi)始(shi)封(feng)之(zhi)主，省其(qi)(qi)上下(xia)，知其(qi)(qi)众(zhong)源所(suo)出，识其(qi)(qi)清浊也(ye)(ye)。属其(qi)(qi)美剌之(zhi)诗(shi)，各(ge)当其(qi)(qi)君君之(zhi)化，傍观其(qi)(qi)诗(shi)，知其(qi)(qi)风化得失，识其(qi)(qi)芳臭，皆以(yi)喻善恶耳。哀十四年《公(gong)羊(yang)传》说孔子“制《春(chun)秋》之(zhi)义，以(yi)俟(si)后圣，以(yi)君子之(zhi)为(wei)，亦有乐乎(hu)此(ci)”，郑取彼(bi)意也(ye)(ye)。
周南召南谱周、召者，《禹贡》雍州岐山之阳地名。
○正义曰：《禹贡·雍州》云“荆岐既旅”，是岐属雍州也。《绵》之篇说大王迁於周原，《閟宫》言大王居岐之阳，是周地在岐山之阳也。《孟子》云文王以百里而王，则周、召之地，共方百里，而皆名曰周，其召是周内之别名也。大王始居其地，至文王乃徙於丰。《周书》称王季宅程，《皇矣》说文王既伐密须，“度其鲜原，居岐之阳”，不出百里。则王季居程亦在岐南，程是周地之小别也。
○今属右扶风美阳县，地形险阻而原田肥美。
○正义曰：《汉书(shu)·地(di)理志》右扶风(feng)(feng)郡有美阳(yang)县，《禹贡》岐(qi)山在(zai)(zai)(zai)西(xi)北(bei)，周文王所居(ju)也。皇甫(fu)谧云：“今美阳(yang)西(xi)北(bei)有岐(qi)城(cheng)旧趾是也。本或作杜阳(yang)。”案《志》扶风(feng)(feng)自别有杜阳(yang)县，而岐(qi)山在(zai)(zai)(zai)美阳(yang)，不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)杜阳(yang)。郑於《禹贡》注云“岐(qi)山在(zai)(zai)(zai)扶风(feng)(feng)美阳(yang)西(xi)北(bei)”，则作“杜”者(zhe)误也。《皇矣》称“居(ju)岐(qi)之阳(yang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)渭之将”，是其处(chu)险(xian)阻(zu)也。《绵》云“周原膴膴，堇(jin)荼如饴”，是地(di)肥美也。
周之先公曰大王者，避狄难，自豳始迁焉，而脩德建王业。商王帝乙之初，命其子王季为西伯。至纣，又命文王典治南国江、汉、汝旁之诸侯。
○正义曰：以帝乙，纣之父，准其年世，与王季同时。《旱麓》说大王、王季之事，云“瑟彼玉瓒，黄流在中”，言王季受玉瓒之赐也。《尚书》谓文王为西伯，当是继父之业，故知王季亦为西伯。殷之州长曰伯，谓为雍州伯也。《周礼》“八命作牧”，殷之州伯盖亦八命也。如《旱麓》传云：“九命然后锡以秬鬯圭瓒。”《孔丛》云：“羊容问於子思曰：‘古之帝王，中分天下，而二公治之，谓之二伯。周自后稷封为王者之后，大王、王季皆为诸侯，奚得为西伯乎？’子思曰：‘吾闻诸子夏云，殷王帝乙之时，王季以九命作伯於西，受圭瓒秬鬯之赐，故文王因之得专征伐。此诸侯为伯，犹周、召分陕。’”皇甫谧亦云：“王季於帝乙殷王之时赐九命为西长，始受圭瓒秬鬯。”皆以为王季受九命作东西大伯。郑不见《孔丛》之书，《旱麓》之笺不言九命，则以王季为州伯也。文王亦为州伯，故《西伯戡黎》注云：文王为雍州之伯，南兼梁、荆，“在西，故曰西伯”。文王之德优於王季，文王尚为州伯，明王季亦为州伯也。《楚辞·天问》曰：“伯昌号衰，秉鞭作牧。”王逸注云：“伯谓文王也。鞭以喻政。言纣号令既衰，文王执鞭持政为雍州牧。”《天问》，屈原所作，去圣未远，谓文王为牧，明非大伯也。所以不从毛说。言“至纣，又命文王”者，既已继父为州伯，又命之使兼治南国江、汉、汝旁之诸侯也。知者，以《汉广序》云“美化行乎江、汉之域”《汝坟序》云“汝坟之国，妇人能闵其君子”。文王三分天下而有其二，此诗犹美江、汉、汝坟，明是江、汉之滨先被文王之教。若非受纣之命，其化无由及之，明纣命之矣。江、汉之域即梁、荆二州，故《尚书》注云“南兼梁、荆”。其后化广民附，三分有二，不必皆纣命也。於时三分天下有其二，以服事殷，故雍、梁、荆、豫、徐、扬之人咸被其德而从之。
○正义曰：既引《论(lun)(lun)语》三(san)分(fen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)，故(gu)据《禹(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》州(zhou)名(ming)(ming)指而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。雍(yong)、梁(liang)、荆(jing)(jing)、豫、徐(xu)、扬(yang)归文(wen)(wen)王，其馀冀(ji)、青(qing)、兖(yan)属(shu)纣，九州(zhou)而(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)其六(liu)，是为(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)分(fen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)其二(er)也。《禹(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》九州(zhou)，夏(xia)(xia)时之(zhi)(zhi)制，於(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)则《夏(xia)(xia)官·职方氏》辨九州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)域(yu)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)扬(yang)、荆(jing)(jing)、豫、青(qing)、兖(yan)、雍(yong)、幽(you)、冀(ji)、并(bing)，校之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)《禹(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》，无(wu)(wu)(wu)徐(xu)、梁(liang)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)幽(you)、并(bing)，故(gu)《地理志》云“周(zhou)(zhou)监二(er)代而(er)(er)损益之(zhi)(zhi)，改《禹(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》徐(xu)、梁(liang)二(er)州(zhou)合之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)雍(yong)、青(qing)，分(fen)冀(ji)州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)地以为(wei)(wei)(wei)幽(you)、并(bing)”，是其事也。《尔雅(ya)·释地》九州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)有(you)(you)(you)(you)冀(ji)、豫、雍(yong)、荆(jing)(jing)、扬(yang)、兖(yan)、徐(xu)、幽(you)、营(ying)。孙炎曰：“此(ci)盖殷制。《禹(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)梁(liang)、青(qing)无(wu)(wu)(wu)幽(you)、营(ying)，《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)幽(you)、并(bing)无(wu)(wu)(wu)徐(xu)、营(ying)。”然则此(ci)说不同，不言(yan)(yan)殷、周(zhou)(zhou)九州(zhou)，而(er)(er)远指禹(yu)世者(zhe)，孙炎以《尔雅(ya)》之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)与《禹(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》不同，於(wu)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)》又(you)异，故(gu)疑(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)殷制耳，亦无(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)文(wen)(wen)言(yan)(yan)殷改夏(xia)(xia)也。《地理志》云“殷因於(wu)夏(xia)(xia)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)所变改”，班固(gu)不以《尔雅(ya)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)世法(fa)。又(you)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)》冀(ji)、幽(you)、并(bing)，於(wu)《禹(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》唯一(yi)州(zhou)耳，相率三(san)分(fen)无(wu)(wu)(wu)一(yi)，故(gu)从岐(qi)而(er)(er)横分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)。据《禹(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》正经之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)，取六(liu)州(zhou)以为(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)二(er)，准《禹(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》之(zhi)(zhi)境，论(lun)(lun)施化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)，不言(yan)(yan)当时有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)州(zhou)名(ming)(ming)也。《序》言(yan)(yan)化(hua)自北而(er)(er)南(nan)，则於(wu)岐(qi)东(dong)西之(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)得有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)分(fen)二(er)者(zhe)，岐(qi)於(wu)土中近北故(gu)也。
文王受命，作邑於丰，乃分岐邦。周、召之地，为周公旦、召公奭之采地，施先公之教於已所职之国。
○正义曰：“文王受命，作邑於丰”，《文王有声》之文也。《地理志》云：“京兆鄠县，丰水出其东南。”皇甫谧云：“丰在京兆鄠县东，丰水之西，文王自程徙此。”案《皇矣》篇云文王既伐密须，徙於鲜原，从鲜原徙丰。而谧云自程，非也。丰在岐山东南三百馀里，文王既迁於丰，而岐邦地空，故分赐二公以为采邑也。言分采地，当是中半，不知孰为东西。或以为东谓之周，西谓之召，事无所出，未可明也。知在居丰之后赐二公地者，以《泰誓》之篇，伐纣时事，已言周公曰。《乐记》说《大武》之乐，象伐纣之事，云“五成而分陕，周公左而召公右”，明知周、召二公并在文王时已受采矣。文王若未居丰，则岐邦自为都邑，不得分以赐人，明知分赐二公在作丰之后。且二《南》，文王之诗，而分系二公，若文王不赐采邑，不使行化，安得以诗系之？故知此时赐之采邑也。既以此诗系二公，明感二公之化，故知使“施先公之教於己所职之国”也。言“先公”者，大王、王季贤人，文王承其业，文王自有圣化，不必要用先公，但子当述父之事，取其宜者行之，以先公为辞耳。犹自兼行圣化，故有圣人之风。此独言“施先公之教”，明化己之可知，以《召南》有先公之教，故特言之耳。文王使二公施化早矣，非受采之后。於此言之者，明诗系二公之意也。言“己所职”者，指谓六州之人服从於己者。
○武王伐纣，定天下，巡守述职，陈诵诸国之诗，以观民风俗。六州者得二公之德教尤纯，故独录之，属之大师，分而国之。
○正义曰：宣十二年《左传》引《时迈》之诗云：“昔武王克商，而作颂曰：‘载戢干戈，载櫜弓矢。’”《时迈序》云“巡守”，则武王巡守矣。《王制》说巡守之礼，曰“命大师陈诗，以观民风俗”，故知武王巡守得二《南》之诗也。《谱》云“天子纳变雅，诸侯纳变风，其礼同”，则文王亦采诗。而必知武王始得之者，诸侯之纳变风，直欲观民之情，以知已政得失耳，非能别贤圣之异风，立一代之大典也。文王犹为诸侯，王业未定，必不得分定二《南》，故据武王言之耳。武王遍陈诸国之诗，非特六州而已。而此二《南》之风，独有二公之化，故知六州者得二公之德教风化尤最纯絜，故独取其诗，付属之於大师之官，使分而国之，为二国之风。以大师掌六诗之歌，达声乐之本，故知属之使分系也。
○其得圣人之化者谓之《周南》，得贤人之化者谓之《召南》，言二公之德教自岐而行於南国也。
○正义曰：文王将建王业，以诸侯而行王道，大王、王季是其祖、父，皆有仁贤之行，己之圣化未可尽行，乃取先公之教宜於今者与己圣化，使二公杂而施之。又六州之民，志性不等，或得圣人之化，或得贤人之化，由受教有精粗，故歌咏有等级。大师晓达声乐，妙识本源，分别所感，以为二国其得圣人之化者谓之《周南》，得贤人之化者谓之《召南》，解大师分作二《南》之意也。知有此理者，序云“《关雎》、《麟趾》之化，王者之风，故系之周公。《鹊巢》、《驺虞》之德，诸侯之风，故系之召公”。以圣人宜为天子，贤人宜作诸侯，言王者之风是得圣人之化也，言诸侯之风是得贤人之化也。以周公圣人，故以圣人之风系之，以召公贤人，故以贤人之风系之。以六州本得二公之教，因有天子之风义，一圣一贤，事尤相类，故系之二公。既分系二公，以优劣为次，先圣后贤，故先周后召也。不直称“周”、“召”，而连言“南”者，欲见行化之地。且作诗之处，若不言“南”，无以见斯义也。且直言“周”、“召”，嫌主美二公，此实文王之诗而系之二公，故周、召二国并皆云“南”，见所化之处，明其与诸国有异故也。此诗既继二公，即二公为其诗主，若有美二公，则各从其国，《甘棠》之在《召南》，是其事也。《周南》无美周公，或时不作，或录不得也。乃弃其馀，谓此为风之正经。
○正(zheng)义曰：武王遍陈诸国之诗，今唯(wei)二《南》在矣，明是弃其馀也。
初，古公亶父聿来胥宇，爰及姜女。其后，大任思媚周姜，大似嗣徽音，历世有贤妃之助，以致其治。
○正义曰：此事皆在大雅也。郑言此者，以二国之诗以后妃夫人之德为首，《召南》夫人虽斥文王夫人，而先王夫人亦有是德，故引诗文以历言。文王刑于寡妻，至于兄弟，以御于家邦。
○正义曰：此《思齐》文也。言文王先化於妻，卒治家国。此明二国之诗先以后妃夫人为首之意。是故二国之诗以后妃夫人之德为首，终以《麟趾》、《驺虞》，言后妃夫人有斯德，兴助其君子，皆可以成功，至于获嘉瑞。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)：此(ci)论二(er)(er)(er)(er)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)次(ci)比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)。“是(shi)故(gu)”者(zhe)(zhe)，缘上(shang)(shang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)下(xia)势之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)。此(ci)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)大(da)(da)姒(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，一人(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)二(er)(er)(er)(er)名，各随其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)立称(cheng)。礼(li)，天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妃(fei)(fei)曰(yue)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妃(fei)(fei)曰(yue)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，故(gu)称(cheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)；《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。直以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)感为(wei)(wei)(wei)名，非(fei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)先后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)(bie)(bie)。有陈圣(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，虽(sui)受命前事(shi)(shi)(shi)，犹称(cheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)。有说(shuo)贤化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，虽(sui)受命后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，尚(shang)称(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)国别(bie)(bie)(bie)称(cheng)，而(er)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)异文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)，《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)首，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)变(bian)称(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，足知贤圣(sheng)(sheng)异化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，於(wu)(wu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)假复(fu)异其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辞，故(gu)《鹊(que)巢(chao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)国君以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)著义(yi)於(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)常称(cheng)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。圣(sheng)(sheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)驭世(shi)，符瑞(rui)必(bi)臻，故(gu)次(ci)《麟(lin)(lin)趾(zhi)》、《驺虞(yu)》於(wu)(wu)末，欲见(jian)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嘉瑞(rui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)实(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，设(she)(she)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)法，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)耳。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)，各言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)志，《麟(lin)(lin)趾(zhi)》、《关(guan)(guan)雎(ju)》、《驺虞(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)《鹊(que)巢(chao)》，未必(bi)一人(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《麟(lin)(lin)趾(zhi)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)公(gong)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信厚，《驺虞(yu)》叹国君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仁心，自(zi)(zi)取兽名，别(bie)(bie)(bie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)兴喻(yu)，非(fei)叹瑞(rui)应，与(yu)(yu)(yu)前篇共相(xiang)终始。但(dan)君子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，作(zuo)事(shi)(shi)(shi)可法，垂宪后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)昆，大(da)(da)师比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)末，序者(zhe)(zhe)申明(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)(yi)，因(yin)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)《关(guan)(guan)雎(ju)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)应，《鹊(que)巢(chao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)应耳。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)本意(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在於(wu)(wu)应，而(er)使(shi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)有龙(long)凤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)将以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)应，非(fei)独麒(qi)麟(lin)(lin)、白虎也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑答张(zhang)逸云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)承先公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业，积脩其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。述其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)美(mei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。能行(xing)(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本，则(ze)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末应，既(ji)(ji)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)应，设(she)(she)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)法，是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)实(shi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)《谱》於(wu)(wu)此(ci)篇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)略耳。而(er)二(er)(er)(er)(er)风(feng)大(da)(da)意(yi)(yi)，皆(jie)自(zi)(zi)近(jin)及远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)·关(guan)(guan)雎(ju)》至(zhi)《螽(zhong)斯》皆(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)身(shen)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，《桃夭(yao)(yao)》、《兔罝》、《芣苡》后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所及，《汉(han)广》、《汝坟(fen)》变(bian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，见(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)·鹊(que)巢(chao)》、《采蘩(fan)》夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，《草虫》、《采蘋(pin)》朝廷(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻，《甘棠(tang)(tang)》、《行(xing)(xing)露》朝廷(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣，大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻与(yu)(yu)(yu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)同为(wei)(wei)(wei)阴类，故(gu)先於(wu)(wu)召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)，皆(jie)是(shi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所及也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《羔羊(yang)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国，江(jiang)、沱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閒(xian)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政，是(shi)又化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。篇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)率(lv)，自(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)近(jin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)差。《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》上(shang)(shang)八篇言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)，《汉(han)广》、《汝坟(fen)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》上(shang)(shang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)篇言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，《羔羊(yang)》、《摽(biao)有梅》、《江(jiang)有氾》、《驺虞(yu)》四篇言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)论后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)详於(wu)(wu)《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》而(er)略於(wu)(wu)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)则(ze)《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)，既(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)详，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》於(wu)(wu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)遂略。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)多(duo)(duo)少不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe)，自(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)有别(bie)(bie)(bie)，又采得多(duo)(duo)少不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同。《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)·桃夭(yao)(yao)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)·羔羊(yang)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《鹊(que)巢(chao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)所致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)·桃夭(yao)(yao)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)皆(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)身(shen)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)与(yu)(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)接连(lian)，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)所致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)·羔羊(yang)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前，非(fei)独夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)与(yu)(yu)(yu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)连(lian)接，故(gu)变(bian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)《鹊(que)巢(chao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)所致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又《桃夭(yao)(yao)》致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)三(san)篇有后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，《羔羊(yang)》致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)无夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)者(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)既(ji)(ji)详，於(wu)(wu)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)遂略。致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，行(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)於(wu)(wu)己，自(zi)(zi)已致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。《草虫》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)，非(fei)复(fu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《羔羊(yang)》，《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政，为(wei)(wei)(wei)《鹊(que)巢(chao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)所致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)《汉(han)广》文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道被于(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)国，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)《关(guan)(guan)雎(ju)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)所致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。序者(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)二(er)(er)(er)(er)风(feng)皆(jie)是(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，太(tai)姒(si)(si)所赞。《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《桃夭(yao)(yao)》至(zhi)《芣苡》三(san)篇为(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)所致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，《汉(han)广》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)差远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《草虫》至(zhi)《行(xing)(xing)露》四篇为(wei)(wei)(wei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，《羔羊(yang)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)差远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。各举其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，互相(xiang)发明(ming)。此(ci)二(er)(er)(er)(er)《南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)即位，至(zhi)受命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，已四十(shi)馀年(nian)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盖亦(yi)(yi)(yi)早矣。郑答张(zhang)逸云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)而(er)有王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，卒(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)受命。”是(shi)受命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前巳(si)行(xing)(xing)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)德(de)。当(dang)此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)巳(si)作(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何(he)则(ze)？化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被於(wu)(wu)下(xia)则(ze)民述其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)志，何(he)须待布王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)号然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)作(zuo)歌(ge)。武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)采得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，二(er)(er)(er)(er)公(gong)已有爵土，命其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，遂分系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非(fei)由(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)公(gong)有土，此(ci)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)始作(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)(zhou)》、《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)》二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)五篇，唯《甘棠(tang)(tang)》与(yu)(yu)(yu)《何(he)彼(bi)襛(nong)矣》二(er)(er)(er)(er)篇乃(nai)是(shi)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)。武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)伐纣(zhou)，乃(nai)封(feng)(feng)太(tai)公(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)齐侯(hou)，令周(zhou)(zhou)、召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)(er)(er)伯(bo)(bo)。而(er)《何(he)彼(bi)襛(nong)矣》经云(yun)(yun)(yun)“齐侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)”，太(tai)公(gong)已封(feng)(feng)於(wu)(wu)齐，《甘棠(tang)(tang)》经云(yun)(yun)(yun)“召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)”，召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，故(gu)知二(er)(er)(er)(er)篇皆(jie)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)。非(fei)徒作(zuo)在武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所美(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《行(xing)(xing)露》虽(sui)述召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，与(yu)(yu)(yu)《甘棠(tang)(tang)》异时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。赵(zhao)商谓其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，疑而(er)发问，故(gu)《志》“赵(zhao)商问：‘《甘棠(tang)(tang)》、《行(xing)(xing)露》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)，美(mei)召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)，笺(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)当(dang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)与(yu)(yu)(yu)纣(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)审召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)何(he)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)伯(bo)(bo)？’答曰(yue)：‘《甘棠(tang)(tang)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)，召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)自(zi)(zi)明(ming)，谁云(yun)(yun)(yun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)与(yu)(yu)(yu)纣(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乎？’至(zhi)《行(xing)(xing)露》篇，笺(jian)义(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)‘衰(shuai)(shuai)乱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俗(su)(su)微，贞信之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教兴’，若当(dang)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，被《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)久矣，衰(shuai)(shuai)乱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俗(su)(su)已销，安得云(yun)(yun)(yun)微？云(yun)(yun)(yun)此(ci)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。序义(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)‘召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)听讼’者(zhe)(zhe)，从后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)录其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)(yi)，是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)然”。而(er)郑此(ci)答，明(ming)《甘棠(tang)(tang)》笺(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所云(yun)(yun)(yun)美(mei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)，谓武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)二(er)(er)(er)(er)篇武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，得入《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》风(feng)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)系於(wu)(wu)召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)主，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主美(mei)召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)，因(yin)即录於(wu)(wu)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)姬以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女，降尊適卑，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)妇道，《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》多(duo)(duo)陈人(ren)(ren)(ren)伦，事(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)相(xiang)类。又王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)姬贤女，《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》贤化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，又作(zuo)在武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可入文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)圣(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)，故(gu)录之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
风之始，所以风化天下而正夫妇焉，故周公作乐，用之乡人焉，用之邦国焉。或谓之房中之乐者，后妃夫人侍御於其君子，女史歌之，以节义序故耳。
○正义(yi)(yi)曰：云(yun)言“或(huo)(huo)”者(zhe)(zhe)，道异说也(ye)。郑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前世有(you)为(wei)(wei)此说者(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)因解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。二《南(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)言后妃(fei)(fei)乐(le)得淑女，无(wu)嫉妒(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心，夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)德如鸣鸠，可(ke)以(yi)承(cheng)奉(feng)祭祀，能使夫(fu)妇(fu)有(you)义(yi)(yi)，妻妾有(you)序。女史(shi)歌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，风(feng)切后夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)，以(yi)节此义(yi)(yi)序，故(gu)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。《王风(feng)》云(yun)“君(jun)子(zi)阳阳，左执簧(huang)，右(you)招我(wo)由房(fang)(fang)”，谓(wei)路寝(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)房(fang)(fang)。以(yi)人(ren)(ren)君(jun)有(you)房(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)，则(ze)后夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)亦(yi)有(you)房(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)。以(yi)后夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)房(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)歌《周南(nan)(nan)》、《召(zhao)南(nan)(nan)》，则(ze)人(ren)(ren)君(jun)房(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)亦(yi)歌《周南(nan)(nan)》、《召(zhao)南(nan)(nan)》，故(gu)《谱(pu)》下文云(yun)路寝(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常乐(le)，“风(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正经”也(ye)。天子(zi)歌《周南(nan)(nan)》，诸(zhu)侯歌《召(zhao)南(nan)(nan)》，用此“或(huo)(huo)”说为(wei)(wei)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)。后夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)当(dang)然也(ye)。王肃(su)云(yun)：“自《关雎》至《芣苡》，后妃(fei)(fei)房(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)。”肃(su)以(yi)此八篇皆(jie)述后妃(fei)(fei)身(shen)事，故(gu)为(wei)(wei)后妃(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)。然则(ze)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)房(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)，当(dang)用《鹊(que)巢》、《采蘩(fan)》。郑无(wu)所说，义(yi)(yi)亦(yi)或(huo)(huo)然。
射礼，天子以《驺虞》，诸侯以《貍首》，大夫以《采蘋》，士以《采蘩》为节。
○正义曰：在《召南》之篇，亦是用之於乐，故言之。《礼记·射义》有此。又彼注亦以为《驺虞》取其“一发五豝”，喻得贤者多；《貍首》取“小大莫处，御于君所”；《采蘋》取其循涧以采蘋，喻循法度，以成君事；《采蘩》取“夙夜在公”，各取其篇之义以为戒也。“为节”者，谓射之进退当乐节相应。彼每篇一言为节，此引之省文也。今无《貍首》，周衰，诸侯并僣而去之，孔子录诗不得也。为礼乐之记者，从后存之，遂不得其次序。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：言此者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)射用四篇(pian)，而三篇(pian)皆在《召南》，则(ze)(ze)《貍(li)(li)首(shou)》亦当在。今无(wu)(wu)其(qi)篇(pian)，故(gu)(gu)辨(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，云(yun)(yun)(yun)诸(zhu)侯(hou)所以(yi)去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《大射》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“貍(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言不(bu)来(lai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)诗有射诸(zhu)侯(hou)首(shou)不(bu)朝者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，因以(yi)名篇(pian)。后世失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”然则(ze)(ze)於时诸(zhu)侯(hou)不(bu)肯朝事天子，恶其(qi)被(bei)射之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，故(gu)(gu)弃(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。为礼乐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)记(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)，正(zheng)谓(wei)记(ji)作《射义》者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)《貍(li)(li)首(shou)》乐歌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曲，故(gu)(gu)并乐言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《射义》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“《貍(li)(li)首(shou)》，逸诗，下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)‘曾(ceng)孙(sun)侯(hou)氏(shi)’是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”其(qi)下(xia)文(wen)(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“故(gu)(gu)诗曰(yue)：‘曾(ceng)孙(sun)侯(hou)氏(shi)，四正(zheng)具举。大夫君子，凡(fan)以(yi)庶士。小人莫处，御于君所。以(yi)燕以(yi)射，则(ze)(ze)燕则(ze)(ze)誉。’”谓(wei)此是(shi)《貍(li)(li)首(shou)》经(jing)文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼虽引(yin)诗，无(wu)(wu)“貍(li)(li)首(shou)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字，郑知是(shi)《貍(li)(li)首(shou)》者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)彼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说诸(zhu)侯(hou)射法而引(yin)此诗，其(qi)下(xia)又云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“君臣相与(yu)，尽志於射，以(yi)习(xi)礼乐，则(ze)(ze)安(an)则(ze)(ze)誉也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)以(yi)天子制(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而诸(zhu)侯(hou)务(wu)焉。”言诸(zhu)侯(hou)用为射节，知是(shi)《貍(li)(li)首(shou)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞。无(wu)(wu)“貍(li)(li)首(shou)”字者(zhe)(zhe)，略(lve)引(yin)其(qi)文(wen)(wen)，不(bu)尽其(qi)辞故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
周公封鲁，死谥曰文公，召公封燕，死谥曰康公，元子世之。
○正义曰：周公封鲁，召公封燕，《史记》皆有《世家》言之。《周语》引《常棣》为周文公之诗，是周公谥曰文也。《公刘序》云“召康公戒成王”，是召公谥曰康也。《閟宫》云“建尔元子，乃命鲁公”，是元子世之也。《燕世家》云“自召公以下九世至惠公，当厉王之时”，则是失其世次，不得召公元子名谥，传国於后，是元子可知。其次子亦世守采地，在王官，春秋时周公、召公是也。
○正义曰(yue)：僖九年(nian)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)会(hui)宰周公(gong)(gong)(gong)于葵丘”，文(wen)五年(nian)“召(zhao)伯来会(hui)葬”，是春(chun)秋时(shi)周公(gong)(gong)(gong)、召(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)。经(jing)传(chuan)皆(jie)言(yan)(yan)周公(gong)(gong)(gong)，谓为(wei)三公(gong)(gong)(gong)，不知何(he)爵也(ye)。召(zhao)称伯，则伯爵，以《左(zuo)传(chuan)》多(duo)云召(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。其旦(dan)与(yu)奭次子名谥，《书传(chuan)》无(wu)文(wen)。平王(wang)以西都赐秦，则春(chun)秋时(shi)周公(gong)(gong)(gong)、召(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)别於东(dong)都受(shou)采，存本周、召(zhao)之(zhi)名也(ye)，非复岐周之(zhi)地(di)。《晋书地(di)道记》云“河东(dong)郡垣县(xian)有召(zhao)亭(ting)，周则未闻，今为(wei)召(zhao)州(zhou)”是也(ye)。左(zuo)方无(wu)君(jun)世(shi)者，此因诗系二公(gong)(gong)(gong)，故(gu)(gu)终言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)，其君(jun)世(shi)，《世(shi)家》亡灭，且非此所须故(gu)(gu)也(ye)。
问者曰：“《周南》、《召南》之诗，为风之正经则然矣。自此之后，南国诸侯政之兴衰，何以无变风？”答曰：“陈诸国之诗者，将以知其缺失，省方设教为黜陟。时徐及吴、楚僣号称王，不承天子之风，今弃其诗，夷狄之也。
○正义曰：以列国政衰，变风皆作，南国诸侯，其数多矣，不得全不作诗。今无其事，故问而释之。巡守陈诗者，观其国之风俗，故采取诗以为黜陟之渐。亦既僣号称王，不承天子威令，则不可黜陟，故不录其诗。吴、楚僣号称王，《春秋》多有其事。知徐亦僣者，《檀弓》云：“邾娄考公之丧，徐君使容居来吊，其辞云，昔我先君驹王”，是其僣称王也。其馀江、黄、六、蓼之属，既驱陷於彼俗，又亦小国，犹邾、滕、纪、莒之等，夷其诗，蔑而不得列於此。”
○正(zheng)义曰：《春秋(qiu)》文四年，楚(chu)人灭(mie)江。僖十二年灭(mie)黄。文五年，楚(chu)灭(mie)六并蓼(liao)。终为楚(chu)人所灭(mie)，是被其驱逼(bi)陷恶俗(su)也(ye)。既驱陷彼俗(su)，亦不可黜陟，又(you)且(qie)小(xiao)国，政教狭陋，故(gu)夷其诗(shi)(shi)，轻(qing)蔑之(zhi)，而不得列於国风也(ye)。邾、滕、纪、莒，春秋(qiu)时(shi)小(xiao)国，亦不录(lu)之(zhi)，非独南方之(zhi)小(xiao)国也(ye)。其魏与桧、曹，当时(shi)犹大於邾、莒，故(gu)得录(lu)之(zhi)。春秋(qiu)时(shi)，燕、蔡之(zhi)属，国大而无诗(shi)(shi)者，薛(xue)综答(da)韦昭云：“或时(shi)不作(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)，或有而不足录(lu)。”