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仪礼注疏卷三十 丧服第十一在线阅读

作者:佚名 文章来源:不详 请你点此纠错或发表评论

卷三十 丧服第十一

  疏(shu)衰(shuai)裳齐、牡麻绖(die)、冠布(bu)缨、削(xue)杖、布(bu)带、疏(shu)屦三年(nian)者(zhe)。疏(shu)犹粗也(ye)。

[疏]“疏衰”至“年者”。
  ○注“疏犹粗也”。
  ○释曰:此(ci)(ci)《齐(qi)(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)三(san)(san)年(nian)章(zhang)》,以(yi)轻(qing)(qing)於(wu)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)次斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)后。疏(shu)犹粗(cu)(cu)也(ye)(ye)(ye),粗(cu)(cu)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案上(shang)《斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)章(zhang)》中为(wei)君三(san)(san)升(sheng)(sheng)半粗(cu)(cu)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai),郑(zheng)注(zhu)《杂记(ji)》云微细焉,则属於(wu)粗(cu)(cu),则三(san)(san)升(sheng)(sheng)正(zheng)服斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)名,三(san)(san)升(sheng)(sheng)半成布(bu)(bu)(bu)三(san)(san)升(sheng)(sheng)微细则得(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)称。粗(cu)(cu)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)为(wei)在(zai)(zai)三(san)(san)升(sheng)(sheng)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)内,以(yi)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)为(wei)正(zheng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)没(mei)义(yi)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗(cu)(cu)。至(zhi)此(ci)(ci)四升(sheng)(sheng),始见(jian)(jian)(jian)粗(cu)(cu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran),为(wei)父(fu)哀极(ji),直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)深痛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),不(bu)(bu)没(mei)人(ren)功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗(cu)(cu)。至(zhi)於(wu)义(yi)服斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),乃见(jian)(jian)(jian)粗(cu)(cu)称,至(zhi)於(wu)大(da)(da)功、小(xiao)功,更见(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)显(xian),緦麻(ma)(ma)(ma)极(ji)轻(qing)(qing),又表细密之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,皆为(wei)哀有深浅,故(gu)(gu)(gu)作文不(bu)(bu)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)。斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)先言斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),一则见(jian)(jian)(jian)先斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)其(qi)(qi)布(bu)(bu)(bu),乃作衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)裳(shang);二(er)则见(jian)(jian)(jian)为(wei)父(fu)极(ji)哀,先表斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深重。此(ci)(ci)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)稍轻(qing)(qing),直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)造衣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)裳(shang)既就(jiu),乃始缉(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)以(yi)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai),斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)(zai)上(shang),齐(qi)(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai),齐(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)下(xia)。“牡麻(ma)(ma)(ma)绖(die)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)绖(die)不(bu)(bu)言麻(ma)(ma)(ma),此(ci)(ci)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)绖(die)见(jian)(jian)(jian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼有杖(zhang)(zhang),杖(zhang)(zhang)亦苴(ju),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)言麻(ma)(ma)(ma)。此(ci)(ci)绖(die)文孤(gu)不(bu)(bu)兼杖(zhang)(zhang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)得(de)(de)言麻(ma)(ma)(ma)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“冠布(bu)(bu)(bu)缨(ying)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)冠绳缨(ying),退在(zai)(zai)绞带(dai)(dai)下(xia),使不(bu)(bu)蒙(meng)苴(ju)齐(qi)(qi)(qi),冠布(bu)(bu)(bu)缨(ying),无(wu)此(ci)(ci)义(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)进(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使与绖(die)同处。此(ci)(ci)布(bu)(bu)(bu)缨(ying)亦如上(shang)绳缨(ying),以(yi)一条为(wei)武,垂下(xia)为(wei)缨(ying)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“削(xue)杖(zhang)(zhang)布(bu)(bu)(bu)带(dai)(dai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),并不(bu)(bu)取(qu)蒙(meng)苴(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)(zai)常处。但杖(zhang)(zhang)实是(shi)桐,不(bu)(bu)言桐者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)杖(zhang)(zhang)不(bu)(bu)言竹,使蒙(meng)苴(ju)故(gu)(gu)(gu)阙(que)竹字。此(ci)(ci)既不(bu)(bu)取(qu)蒙(meng)苴(ju),亦不(bu)(bu)言桐者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)母(mu)比(bi)父(fu)削(xue)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)亦没(mei)桐文也(ye)(ye)(ye)。布(bu)(bu)(bu)带(dai)(dai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦象(xiang)革带(dai)(dai),以(yi)七(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)布(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)(ci)即(ji)下(xia)章(zhang)带(dai)(dai)缘各视其(qi)(qi)冠是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。齐(qi)(qi)(qi)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)言布(bu)(bu)(bu),此(ci)(ci)缨(ying)带(dai)(dai)言布(bu)(bu)(bu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)对(dui)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)缨(ying)带(dai)(dai)用(yong)(yong)绳,故(gu)(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)须言用(yong)(yong)布(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“疏(shu)屦(ju)(ju)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),疏(shu)取(qu)用(yong)(yong)草之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),即(ji)《尔雅(ya)》云“疏(shu)不(bu)(bu)熟(shu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)。若(ruo)然(ran),注(zhu)云疏(shu)犹粗(cu)(cu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)释经疏(shu)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)而已,不(bu)(bu)释疏(shu)屦(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)。若(ruo)然(ran),《斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)章(zhang)》言“菅屦(ju)(ju)”,见(jian)(jian)(jian)草体(ti)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)重,故(gu)(gu)(gu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)草体(ti),举其(qi)(qi)恶貌。此(ci)(ci)言疏(shu)以(yi)其(qi)(qi)稍轻(qing)(qing),故(gu)(gu)(gu)举草之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总称。自此(ci)(ci)以(yi)下(xia),各举差降之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,故(gu)(gu)(gu)《不(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)章(zhang)》言“麻(ma)(ma)(ma)屦(ju)(ju)”,《齐(qi)(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)三(san)(san)月》与《大(da)(da)功》同“绳屦(ju)(ju)”,《小(xiao)功》緦麻(ma)(ma)(ma)轻(qing)(qing),又没(mei)其(qi)(qi)屦(ju)(ju)号(hao)。言“三(san)(san)年(nian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)为(wei)母(mu)稍轻(qing)(qing),故(gu)(gu)(gu)表其(qi)(qi)年(nian)月。若(ruo)然(ran),父(fu)在(zai)(zai)为(wei)厌降至(zhi)期,今既父(fu)卒(zu),直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)申(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai),犹不(bu)(bu)申(shen)(shen)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)天无(wu)二(er)日,家无(wu)二(er)尊也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)以(yi)父(fu)虽卒(zu)后,仍以(yi)馀尊所(suo)厌,直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)申(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)年(nian),不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)申(shen)(shen)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦如《斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)章(zhang)》文,明(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)下(xia)出也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

《传》曰(yue):齐(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)何?缉也(ye)。牡麻者(zhe)(zhe),枲麻也(ye)。牡麻绖(die),右(you)本在上(shang),冠(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)沽功(gong)(gong)也(ye)。疏屦者(zhe)(zhe),藨蒯之菲也(ye)。沽犹(you)粗也(ye)。冠(guan)尊(zun),加其粗。粗功(gong)(gong),大功(gong)(gong)也(ye)。齐(qi)衰不书受(shou)月者(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)天子(zi)诸侯卿大夫士(shi)虞卒哭异数。

[疏]“传曰”至“菲也”。
  ○注“沽犹”至“异数”。
  ○释曰(yue):缉(ji)则今人(ren)谓之(zhi)为(wei)緶(bian)也(ye)。上章(zhang)(zhang)传先云(yun)(yun)“斩者(zhe)何不(bu)缉(ji)也(ye)”,此章(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)齐对斩,故(gu)(gu)亦(yi)先言(yan)“齐者(zhe)何缉(ji)也(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)牡麻者(zhe)枲麻也(ye)者(zhe),此枲对上章(zhang)(zhang)苴,苴是(shi)恶色(se),则枲是(shi)好(hao)色(se)。故(gu)(gu)《閒传》云(yun)(yun)“斩衰貌若苴,齐衰貌若枲”也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“牡麻绖右(you)本在(zai)上”者(zhe),上章(zhang)(zhang)为(wei)父,左本在(zai)下者(zhe),阳统於内;则此为(wei)母,阴统於外,故(gu)(gu)右(you)本在(zai)上也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“疏屦者(zhe)藨蒯之(zhi)菲也(ye)”者(zhe),藨是(shi)草名,案《玉(yu)藻》云(yun)(yun)“屦蒯席”,则蒯亦(yi)草类。云(yun)(yun)“冠(guan)(guan)(guan)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)加其粗(cu)(cu),粗(cu)(cu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)大功(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)”者(zhe),此郑(zheng)虽据齐衰三年而言(yan),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)加服(fu)皆同(tong)(tong),是(shi)以衰裳升(sheng)数恒(heng)少(shao),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)升(sheng)数恒(heng)多(duo)。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)首尊(zun)(zun)(zun),既冠(guan)(guan)(guan)从首尊(zun)(zun)(zun),故(gu)(gu)加饰而升(sheng)数恒(heng)多(duo)也(ye)。斩冠(guan)(guan)(guan)六(liu)升(sheng),不(bu)言(yan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe),六(liu)升(sheng)虽是(shi)齐之(zhi)末,未得沽(gu)称(cheng),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)见(jian)(jian)人(ren)功(gong)(gong)(gong)。此三年齐冠(guan)(guan)(guan)七升(sheng),初入大功(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)境,故(gu)(gu)言(yan)沽(gu)功(gong)(gong)(gong),始见(jian)(jian)人(ren)功(gong)(gong)(gong)。沽(gu),粗(cu)(cu)之(zhi)义,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)粗(cu)(cu)功(gong)(gong)(gong),见(jian)(jian)人(ren)功(gong)(gong)(gong)粗(cu)(cu)大不(bu)精者(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“齐衰不(bu)书受月者(zhe),亦(yi)天子(zi)诸侯卿(qing)大夫士虞卒哭异数”者(zhe),其义说(shuo)与《斩章(zhang)(zhang)》同(tong)(tong),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“亦(yi)”也(ye)。

父卒则(ze)为母。尊(zun)得伸也。

[疏]“父卒则为母”。
  ○注“尊得伸也”。
  ○释曰:此(ci)(ci)章(zhang)专为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),重(zhong)於期,故在前(qian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。直(zhi)云(yun)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)足矣,而(er)云(yun)“则”者(zhe),欲见父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)内而(er)母(mu)(mu)(mu)卒,仍服期,要(yao)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服除(chu)后,而(er)母(mu)(mu)(mu)死(si)乃(nai)得伸(shen)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),故云(yun)则以(yi)差其(qi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。必(bi)知义如(ru)此(ci)(ci)者(zhe),案《内则》云(yun):“女子十(shi)有五(wu)而(er)笄,二(er)(er)十(shi)而(er)嫁(jia)。有故,二(er)(er)十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)嫁(jia)。”注(zhu)云(yun):“故,谓父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)丧。”言二(er)(er)十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)而(er)嫁(jia),不(bu)止一(yi)丧而(er)已,故郑并(bing)云(yun)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)丧也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若前(qian)遭母(mu)(mu)(mu)丧,后遭父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)丧,自然为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)期为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),二(er)(er)十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)而(er)嫁(jia)可知。若前(qian)遭父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服未(wei)阕,即得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),则是(shi)(shi)有故,二(er)(er)十(shi)四而(er)嫁(jia),不(bu)止二(er)(er)十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。知者(zhe),假(jia)令女年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)十(shi),二(er)(er)月(yue)嫁(jia)娶之(zhi)(zhi)月(yue),将(jiang)(jiang)嫁(jia),正月(yue)而(er)遭父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)丧,并(bing)后年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正月(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)月(yue)小祥(xiang),又至后年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正月(yue)大(da)祥(xiang),女年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er),欲以(yi)二(er)(er)月(yue)将(jiang)(jiang)嫁(jia),又遭母(mu)(mu)(mu)丧,至后年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正月(yue)十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)月(yue)大(da)祥(xiang),女年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)将(jiang)(jiang)嫁(jia)。此(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服将(jiang)(jiang)除(chu),遭母(mu)(mu)(mu)丧,犹不(bu)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)申(shen)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。况(kuang)遭父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)丧,在小祥(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian),何(he)得即申(shen)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服未(wei)除(chu),不(bu)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)验,一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又《服问》注(zhu)曰:“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)既(ji)(ji)葬,衰(shuai)八升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。”亦(yi)据父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu),与父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)同五(wu)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)衰(shuai)裳,八升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)冠(guan)。既(ji)(ji)葬,以(yi)其(qi)冠(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)受衰(shuai)八升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),是(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu),未(wei)得申(shen)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)验,二(er)(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《閒传》云(yun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)既(ji)(ji)虞卒哭,衰(shuai)七(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe),乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服除(chu)后,乃(nai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)申(shen)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。初死(si),衰(shuai)四升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),冠(guan)七(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng);既(ji)(ji)葬,以(yi)其(qi)冠(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)受衰(shuai)七(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),与此(ci)(ci)经同是(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服除(chu)后为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu),乃(nai)申(shen)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)验,是(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸解(jie)者(zhe)全(quan)不(bu)得思此(ci)(ci)义,妄(wang)解(jie)则文,说义多涂,皆为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)谬也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。尊得伸(shen)者(zhe),得伸(shen)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),犹未(wei)伸(shen)斩。

继母如母。

[疏]“继母如母”。
  ○释曰:继(ji)母(mu)本非(fei)骨肉,故次亲(qin)(qin)母(mu)后(hou)(hou)。谓己(ji)母(mu)早卒,或被出(chu)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou),继(ji)续己(ji)母(mu),丧之(zhi)如(ru)亲(qin)(qin)母(mu),故云“如(ru)母(mu)”。但父卒之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)如(ru)母(mu),明(ming)父在(zai)(zai)如(ru)母(mu)可知。下《期章(zhang)》不言者,举(ju)父没后(hou)(hou),明(ming)父在(zai)(zai)如(ru)母(mu),可知慈母(mu)之(zhi)义(yi)亦然,皆省文(wen)也,故皆举(ju)后(hou)(hou)以(yi)明(ming)前(qian)也。若(ruo)然,直言继(ji)母(mu)载在(zai)(zai)《三年章(zhang)》内(nei),自然如(ru)母(mu)可知,而言如(ru)母(mu)者,欲(yu)见生(sheng)事,死事一皆如(ru)己(ji)母(mu)也。

传(chuan)曰:继母何以如母?继母之配(pei)父与因母同,故孝子不敢殊(shu)也。因犹亲(qin)也。

[疏]“传曰”至“殊也”。
  ○释曰:传发问者(zhe),以(yi)继母(mu)(mu)本是(shi)路人,今来配父,辄如(ru)己(ji)母(mu)(mu),故(gu)发斯问。答云继母(mu)(mu)配父,即(ji)是(shi)片(pian)合之(zhi)义(yi),既与(yu)己(ji)母(mu)(mu)无别,故(gu)孝子不敢殊(shu)异之(zhi)也。

慈母如母。

[疏]“慈母如母”。
  ○释曰:慈母非父片合,故次后也。云如母者,亦生礼、死事皆如己母。

传曰:慈母(mu)(mu)者(zhe)(zhe)何也?传曰:“妾(qie)(qie)(qie)之无子(zi)者(zhe)(zhe),妾(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)之无母(mu)(mu)者(zhe)(zhe),父命(ming)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)曰:‘女(nv)以为(wei)子(zi)。’命(ming)子(zi)曰:‘女(nv)以为(wei)母(mu)(mu)。’”若是,则(ze)(ze)生养之,终其(qi)身如(ru)母(mu)(mu)。死则(ze)(ze)丧(sang)之三年如(ru)母(mu)(mu),贵父之命(ming)也。此主谓大夫(fu)士(shi)之妾(qie)(qie)(qie),妾(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)之无母(mu)(mu),父命(ming)为(wei)母(mu)(mu)子(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)。其(qi)使(shi)养之,不命(ming)为(wei)母(mu)(mu)子(zi),则(ze)(ze)亦(yi)服庶母(mu)(mu)慈己之服可(ke)也。大夫(fu)之妾(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi),父在为(wei)母(mu)(mu)大功,则(ze)(ze)士(shi)之妾(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)为(wei)母(mu)(mu)期矣。父卒则(ze)(ze)皆得伸也。

[疏]“传曰”至“命也”。
  ○释曰:传别举“传”者,是子夏引旧传证成己义故也。欲见慈母之义,旧已如此,故须重之如己母也。云“妾之无子”者,谓旧有子,今无者,失子之妾,有恩慈深,则能养他子以为己子者也。若未经有子,恩慈浅,则不得立后而养他。不云“君命妾曰”,而云“父”者,对子而言父,故言父也。必先命母者,容子小,未有所识,乃命之或养子是然,故先命母也。云“若是则生养之终其身”者,案《内则》云:“孝子之身终,终身也者,非终父母之身,终其身也。”彼终其身为终孝子之身。此终其身下乃云如母,死则丧之三年,则以慈母轻於继母,言终其身,唯据终慈母之身而已。明三年之后不复如是,以《小记》云慈母“不世祭”,亦见轻之义也。云“如母,贵父之命也”者,一非骨血之属,二非配父之尊,但唯贵父之命故也。传所引唯言妾之子与妾相事者,案《丧服小记》云:“为慈母后者,为庶母可也,为祖庶母可也。”郑云:“缘为慈母后之义,父之妾无子者,亦可命已庶子为后。”又云即庶子为后,此皆子也,传重而已不先命之,与適妻使为母子也。若然,此父命妾之文,兼有庶母、祖庶母,但不命女君与妾子为母子而已。
  ○注“此谓”至“伸也”。
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):郑知(zhi)(zhi)“此主谓大(da)(da)夫士(shi)之妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie),妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之无母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),父(fu)命(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,知(zhi)(zhi)非天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸侯之妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)与妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案下记(ji)云(yun)(yun):“公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),练冠,麻(ma)衣縓缘。”既葬除之,父(fu)没乃(nai)大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。明(ming)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)庶(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦然,何有命(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之三(san)年乎?故知(zhi)(zhi)主谓大(da)(da)夫士(shi)之妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)与妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)使养之,不(bu)命(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),则(ze)(ze)亦服(fu)(fu)庶(shu)(shu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)己(ji)之服(fu)(fu)可也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《小功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)章(zhang)》云(yun)(yun):“君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)庶(shu)(shu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)之慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)己(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”。注云(yun)(yun):“君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)夫及公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之適(shi)(shi)妻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。”彼谓適(shi)(shi)妻,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)备三(san)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu):有师母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、保母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)居中,服(fu)(fu)之则(ze)(ze)师母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、保母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)服(fu)(fu),可知(zhi)(zhi)是庶(shu)(shu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)服(fu)(fu),《小功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》下云(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)己(ji)则(ze)(ze)緦可也(ye),是大(da)(da)夫之適(shi)(shi)妻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)命(ming)(ming),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)己(ji)加服(fu)(fu)小功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。若(ruo)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)父(fu)之妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie),慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)己(ji)加服(fu)(fu)小功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可知(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)不(bu)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)己(ji),则(ze)(ze)緦麻(ma)矣(yi)。士(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)庶(shu)(shu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),《緦麻(ma)章(zhang)》云(yun)(yun):“士(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)庶(shu)(shu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。”传曰(yue):“以名服(fu)(fu)也(ye)。”故此云(yun)(yun)不(bu)命(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)则(ze)(ze)亦服(fu)(fu)庶(shu)(shu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)己(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之服(fu)(fu)可也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)夫之妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),父(fu)在为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)章(zhang)》云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)夫之庶(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)”,是大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“士(shi)之妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)期矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《期章(zhang)》云(yun)(yun):“父(fu)在为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)”,不(bu)可言士(shi)之妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),郑知(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),推究其(qi)(qi)(qi)理,大(da)(da)夫妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)厌(yan)降(jiang),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。士(shi)无厌(yan)降(jiang),明(ming)如众人服(fu)(fu)期也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“父(fu)卒则(ze)(ze)皆(jie)得伸也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),士(shi)父(fu)在已伸矣(yi),但大(da)(da)夫妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)父(fu)在大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),父(fu)卒则(ze)(ze)与士(shi)皆(jie)得伸三(san)年也(ye)。

母为长子。

[疏]“母为长子”。
  ○释曰:长(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi)卑,故(gu)在(zai)母下。但父(fu)为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)《斩章》,母为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)齐衰(shuai)(shuai),以子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)母服齐衰(shuai)(shuai),母为(wei)(wei)之不(bu)得过於(wu)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)己,故(gu)亦齐衰(shuai)(shuai)也。若(ruo)然(ran),长(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi)与(yu)众子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)母,父(fu)在(zai)期(qi),若(ruo)夫在(zai)为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi),岂(qi)亦不(bu)得过於(wu)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)己服期(qi)乎(hu)?然(ran)者(zhe)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)母有(you)降(jiang)屈之义,父(fu)母为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi)本为(wei)(wei)先祖之正体,无厌(yan)降(jiang)之义,故(gu)不(bu)得以父(fu)在(zai)屈至期(qi),明母为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)问夫之在(zai)否也。

传(chuan)曰:何以(yi)三年也?父之所(suo)不降,母亦不敢降也。不敢降者,不敢以(yi)己尊(zun)降祖(zu)祢之正体。

[疏]“传曰”至“降也”。
  ○释曰:云“何以三年”者,此亦问,比例,父母为众子期等是子,此何以独三年?云“父之所不降母亦不敢降也”者,《斩章》又云“何以三年”,答云“正体於上,将所传重”,不降,故於母亦云不敢降,故答云父之所不降母亦不敢降。若然,夫不敢降,妻亦不敢降,而云父母者,以其父母各自为子,故父母各云“何以三年”而问之,是以答各据父母为子而言,不据夫妻也。
  ○注“不敢”至“正体”。
  ○释曰:云“不敢以(yi)(yi)己尊降祖祢之(zhi)正体(ti)”者,上(shang)传於(wu)父(fu)(fu)已(yi)答云“正体(ti)於(wu)上(shang)”,是(shi)以(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)解母不降,亦与父(fu)(fu)同,以(yi)(yi)夫妇一体(ti),故不降之(zhi)义亦等。

疏(shu)衰裳齐、牡麻绖、冠布(bu)缨、削(xue)杖、布(bu)带、疏(shu)屦期者。

[疏]“疏衰”至“期者”。
  ○释曰(yue):案(an)下(xia)章(zhang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)疏衰(shuai)已下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe),还(hai)依此经所(suo)陈(chen),唯(wei)言(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)及(ji)麻(ma)屦异(yi)於上者(zhe)(zhe),此章(zhang)“疏衰(shuai)”已下(xia),与前章(zhang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)殊,唯(wei)“期(qi)”一字(zi)与前三(san)年有(you)异(yi)。今不(bu)(bu)(bu)直(zhi)言(yan)(yan)其异(yi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)还(hai)具列之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),以其此一期(qi)与前三(san)年悬绝,恐服(fu)制亦多不(bu)(bu)(bu)同,故须重列七服(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。但此章(zhang)虽止一期(qi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)禫(xuan)杖(zhang)具有(you)。案(an)下(xia)《杂记》云:“期(qi)之(zhi)丧,十(shi)一月(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)练,十(shi)三(san)月(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)祥,十(shi)五月(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)禫(xuan)。”注云:“此谓父(fu)(fu)在为母。”即是此章(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。母之(zhi)与父(fu)(fu),恩爱本(ben)同,为父(fu)(fu)所(suo)厌屈(qu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)至(zhi)期(qi),是以虽屈(qu)犹申禫(xuan)杖(zhang)也(ye)。为妻(qi)亦申,妻(qi)虽义合,妻(qi)乃天(tian)夫(fu)(fu),为夫(fu)(fu)斩衰(shuai),为妻(qi)报以禫(xuan)杖(zhang),但以夫(fu)(fu)尊妻(qi)卑(bei),故齐斩有(you)异(yi)。

传(chuan)曰(yue):问者曰(yue):何冠(guan)(guan)也(ye)?曰(yue):齐(qi)衰(shuai)、大(da)功,冠(guan)(guan)其(qi)受(shou)也(ye)。緦麻、小功,冠(guan)(guan)其(qi)衰(shuai)也(ye)。带(dai)缘各(ge)视其(qi)冠(guan)(guan)。问之(zhi)(zhi)者,见斩衰(shuai)有(you)二,其(qi)冠(guan)(guan)同。今(jin)齐(qi)衰(shuai)有(you)四章,不知其(qi)冠(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)异同尔(er)。缘,如深(shen)衣之(zhi)(zhi)缘。今(jin)文无(wu)冠(guan)(guan)布缨。

[疏]“传曰”至“其冠”。
  ○释曰:云“问者曰何冠也”者,此还子夏之问答而言。问者曰者,子夏欲起发前人使之开悟,故假他问答己之言也。云“曰齐衰大功,冠其受也”者,降服,齐衰四升,冠七升;既葬,以其冠为受,衰七升,冠八升。正服,齐衰五升,冠八升;既葬,以其冠为受,衰八升,冠九升。义服,齐衰六升,冠九升;既葬,以其冠为受,受服衰九升,冠十升。降服,大功衰七升,冠十升;既葬,以其冠为受,受衰十升,冠十一升。正服,大功衰八升,冠十升;既葬,以其冠为受,受衰十升,冠十一升。义服,大功衰九升,冠十一升;既葬,以其冠为受,受衰十一升,冠十二升。以其初死,冠升皆与既葬衰升数同,故云冠其受也。大功亦然。云“緦麻小功,冠其衰也”者,以其降服,小功衰十升;正服,小功衰十一升;义服,小功衰十二升,緦麻十五升,抽其半七升半,冠皆与衰升数同,故云冠其衰也。义疏备於下记也。云“带缘各视其冠”者,带谓布带,象革带者,缘谓丧服之内,中衣缘用布,缘之二者之布升数多少,视犹比也,各比拟其冠也。然本问齐衰之冠,因答大功与緦麻,小功并答带缘者,子夏欲因问博陈其义,是以假问答异常例也。
  ○注“问之”至“布缨”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“问之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)见(jian)斩衰有(you)二,其(qi)(qi)冠(guan)同(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)记云(yun)(yun)“斩衰三(san)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),三(san)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有(you)半(ban),冠(guan)六升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”,是其(qi)(qi)冠(guan)同(tong)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“今齐(qi)衰有(you)四章不(bu)知其(qi)(qi)冠(guan)之(zhi)异(yi)(yi)同(tong)尔”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)记云(yun)(yun)“齐(qi)衰四升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),其(qi)(qi)冠(guan)七(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”,既(ji)葬,“以(yi)其(qi)(qi)冠(guan)为(wei)受,受衰七(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),冠(guan)八升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”,唯(wei)见(jian)此降服(fu)齐(qi)衰,不(bu)见(jian)正服(fu)、义服(fu),及三(san)月齐(qi)衰一章不(bu)见(jian),以(yi)不(bu)知其(qi)(qi)冠(guan)之(zhi)异(yi)(yi)同(tong),故(gu)致此问也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“缘(yuan)(yuan)如深(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)缘(yuan)(yuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案深(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《目(mu)录》云(yun)(yun):“深(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),连衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)裳(shang)而(er)纯之(zhi),以(yi)采素纯曰长(zhang)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),有(you)表则谓(wei)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。”此既(ji)在(zai)丧服(fu)之(zhi)内,则是中(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)矣。而(er)云(yun)(yun)深(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)与深(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)是连衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)裳(shang),其(qi)(qi)制大同(tong),故(gu)就(jiu)深(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)篇目(mu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)。案《玉藻》云(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)为(wei)“长(zhang)中(zhong)(zhong)继揜尺”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“其(qi)(qi)为(wei)长(zhang)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、中(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)则继袂(mei)揜一尺,若今褎矣。深(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)则缘(yuan)(yuan)而(er)已。”若然(ran),中(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)与长(zhang)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)袂(mei)皆(jie)手外长(zhang)一尺。案《檀弓》云(yun)(yun)练时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“鹿裘(qiu)衡长(zhang)袪(qu)”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)“袪(qu)谓(wei)褎缘(yuan)(yuan)袂(mei)口(kou)也(ye)”。练而(er)为(wei)裘(qiu),横广(guang)之(zhi)又长(zhang)之(zhi),又为(wei)袪(qu),则先时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)狭短,无袪(qu)可知。若然(ran),此初(chu)丧之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缘(yuan)(yuan)亦狭短,不(bu)得如《玉藻》中(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)继袂(mei)揜一尺者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。但吉时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)麛裘(qiu),即凶时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鹿裘(qiu),吉时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),深(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。《目(mu)录》云(yun)(yun)大夫以(yi)上(shang)用(yong)(yong)素,士中(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)布(bu),缘(yuan)(yuan)皆(jie)用(yong)(yong)采,况丧中(zhong)(zhong)缘(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)(yong)布(bu),明中(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亦用(yong)(yong)布(bu)也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)布(bu),虽无明文(wen)(wen)(wen),亦当视冠(guan)。若然(ran),直(zhi)言(yan)(yan)缘(yuan)(yuan)视冠(guan),不(bu)言(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缘(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)(yong)采,故(gu)特言(yan)(yan)缘(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)(yong)布(bu),何妨(fang)丧时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亦用(yong)(yong)布(bu)乎(hu)?云(yun)(yun)“今文(wen)(wen)(wen)无冠(guan)布(bu)缨”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)注(zhu)《仪礼》从(cong)(cong)(cong)经(jing)今文(wen)(wen)(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),注(zhu)内叠(die)出古(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen),不(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)古(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)。若从(cong)(cong)(cong)经(jing)古(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),注(zhu)内叠(die)出今文(wen)(wen)(wen),不(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)今文(wen)(wen)(wen)。此注(zhu)既(ji)叠(die)出今文(wen)(wen)(wen),明不(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)今文(wen)(wen)(wen),从(cong)(cong)(cong)经(jing)古(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen),有(you)冠(guan)布(bu)缨为(wei)正也(ye)。

父在为母。

[疏]“父在为母”。
  ○释曰:《斩章(zhang)》直言(yan)父(fu),即(ji)知(zhi)子为之(zhi)可知(zhi)。今此(ci)言(yan)母,亦知(zhi)子为之(zhi),而言(yan)父(fu)在为母者,欲明父(fu)母恩爱(ai)等,为母期者,由父(fu)在厌,故(gu)为母屈至(zhi)期,故(gu)须言(yan)父(fu)在为母也。

传曰:何以期也?屈也。至尊(zun)在,不敢伸(shen)其私(si)尊(zun)也。父必三年然后娶(qu),达(da)子之志也。

[疏]“传曰”至“之志也”。
  ○释曰:上章(zhang)已论斩衰(shuai)不(bu)(bu)同讫,故(gu)传直(zhi)言(yan)(yan)“何以期”而(er)不(bu)(bu)三(san)年(nian)(nian)决之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“屈(qu)(qu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),答辞,以家(jia)无二尊(zun)(zun)(zun),故(gu)於(wu)(wu)母(mu)(mu)屈(qu)(qu)而(er)为期,是以云“至尊(zun)(zun)(zun)在(zai),不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)伸(shen)其私(si)(si)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,解(jie)父在(zai)母(mu)(mu)屈(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)伸(shen)其私(si)(si)尊(zun)(zun)(zun),明子(zi)(zi)於(wu)(wu)父母(mu)(mu)本尊(zun)(zun)(zun)。若然(ran)(ran),不(bu)(bu)直(zhi)言(yan)(yan)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)而(er)言(yan)(yan)私(si)(si)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其父非(fei)直(zhi)於(wu)(wu)子(zi)(zi)为至尊(zun)(zun)(zun),妻(qi)(qi)於(wu)(wu)夫(fu)亦至尊(zun)(zun)(zun)。母(mu)(mu)则(ze)於(wu)(wu)子(zi)(zi)为尊(zun)(zun)(zun),夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi),直(zhi)据子(zi)(zi)而(er)言(yan)(yan),故(gu)言(yan)(yan)私(si)(si)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然(ran)(ran),夫(fu)妻(qi)(qi)敌体而(er)言(yan)(yan)屈(qu)(qu),公子(zi)(zi)为母(mu)(mu)练冠(guan)在(zai)五(wu)服之(zhi)(zhi)外,不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)屈(qu)(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),举(ju)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)以见卑,屈(qu)(qu)可(ke)知(zhi)。大(da)夫(fu)妾子(zi)(zi)为母(mu)(mu)大(da)功,亦斯类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“父必三(san)年(nian)(nian)然(ran)(ran)后娶(qu)达子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)(zi)於(wu)(wu)母(mu)(mu)屈(qu)(qu)而(er)期,心(xin)(xin)丧犹(you)三(san)年(nian)(nian),故(gu)父虽(sui)为妻(qi)(qi)期,而(er)除三(san)年(nian)(nian)乃娶(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),通达子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)丧之(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)云“心(xin)(xin)”而(er)言(yan)(yan)“志(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),心(xin)(xin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),万虑(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)总,喜怒哀(ai)乐好恶六情皆(jie)是情,则(ze)为志(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)(mu)虽(sui)一期,哀(ai)犹(you)未绝,是六情之(zhi)(zhi)中而(er)哀(ai)偏在(zai),故(gu)云志(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),不(bu)(bu)云心(xin)(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《左氏传》晋(jin)叔(shu)向云一岁王“有三(san)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)丧二”,据大(da)子(zi)(zi)与穆后,天子(zi)(zi)为后亦期,而(er)云三(san)年(nian)(nian)丧者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据达子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)(zhi)而(er)言(yan)(yan)三(san)年(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

妻(qi)(qi)(qi)。传曰:为妻(qi)(qi)(qi)何以期(qi)也(ye)?妻(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)亲也(ye)。適子父(fu)(fu)在(zai)则为妻(qi)(qi)(qi)不杖(zhang)(zhang),以父(fu)(fu)为之主也(ye)。《服问(wen)》曰:“君所(suo)主,夫人、妻(qi)(qi)(qi)、大子適妇。”父(fu)(fu)在(zai),子为妻(qi)(qi)(qi)以杖(zhang)(zhang)即位,谓庶子。

[疏]“妻传曰”至“亲也”。
  ○释曰:妻卑於母,故次之。夫为妻,年月禫杖亦与母同,故同章也。以其出嫁天夫,为夫斩,故夫为之,亦与父在为母同。传曰“何以期也”者,传意以妻拟母,母是血属得期,怪妻义合亦期,故发此之传也。此问异於常例,上问母直云“何以期”,今云“为妻”,乃云“何以期”者,雷氏云:“妻卑,以拟同於母,故问深於常也。”云“妻至亲也”,答以妻至亲,故同於母。言妻至亲者,妻既移天齐体,与己同奉宗庙,为万世之主,故云至亲也。
  ○注“適子”至“庶子”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“適子(zi)(zi)父(fu)在则为(wei)(wei)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不杖(zhang)(zhang),以(yi)(yi)父(fu)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)主(zhu)也(ye)”者,《不杖(zhang)(zhang)章》之(zhi)文也(ye)。又(you)引《服问》者,郑(zheng)彼注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“言妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)见大夫(fu)已下,亦为(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)三(san)人为(wei)(wei)丧主(zhu)也(ye)。”若(ruo)士卑,为(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)三(san)人为(wei)(wei)丧主(zhu)可(ke)知。若(ruo)然,至此(ci)(ci)经(jing)为(wei)(wei)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),非直是(shi)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),欲见兼(jian)有適子(zi)(zi)父(fu)没(mei)为(wei)(wei)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在其中。云(yun)(yun)“父(fu)在子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)杖(zhang)(zhang)即(ji)位谓庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)”者,案《丧服小记》云(yun)(yun)“父(fu)在,子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)杖(zhang)(zhang)即(ji)位可(ke)”是(shi)也(ye)。引之(zhi)者,证经(jing)云(yun)(yun)是(shi)天子(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)下至士庶(shu)人,父(fu)皆(jie)(jie)不为(wei)(wei)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)丧主(zhu),故夫(fu)皆(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)杖(zhang)(zhang),得伸也(ye)。

出妻之子为母(mu)。出犹(you)去也。

[疏]“出妻之子为母”。
  ○释曰:此谓(wei)母(mu)犯七出(chu)。去,谓(wei)去夫(fu)(fu)氏或(huo)適他族,或(huo)之本家子(zi)从而为服者也(ye)。七出(chu)者:无子(zi)一(yi)也(ye),淫(yin)泆(yi)二(er)也(ye),不事舅姑三(san)也(ye),口舌四也(ye),盗窃五也(ye),妒忌六也(ye),恶疾(ji)七也(ye)。天子(zi)诸侯之妻,无子(zi)不出(chu),唯有六出(chu)耳。雷氏云:子(zi)无出(chu)母(mu)之义,故继夫(fu)(fu)而言(yan)出(chu)妻之子(zi)也(ye)。

传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue):出(chu)(chu)妻之子(zi)为(wei)(wei)母期,则为(wei)(wei)外(wai)祖父母无(wu)服(fu)。传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue):“绝(jue)(jue)族无(wu)施(shi)服(fu),亲(qin)者属(shu)。”出(chu)(chu)妻之子(zi)为(wei)(wei)父后(hou)者,则为(wei)(wei)出(chu)(chu)母无(wu)服(fu)。传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue):“与尊者为(wei)(wei)一体,不敢服(fu)其(qi)私(si)亲(qin)也。”在旁而及曰(yue)施(shi),亲(qin)者属(shu),母子(zi)至亲(qin),无(wu)绝(jue)(jue)道。

[疏]“传曰”至“私亲也”。
  ○释曰:云“出妻之子为母期,则为外祖父母无服”者,传意似言出妻即是绝族,故於外祖可以无服,恐人疑为之服,故传明言之也。又云“传曰”者,子夏引他旧传,证成己义。云“绝族”者,嫁来承奉宗庙,与族相连缀,今出则与族绝,故云绝族也。“无施服”者,傍及为施,以母为族绝,即无傍及之服也。云“亲者属”者,旧传解母被出,犹为之服也。云“出妻之子为父后者则为出母无服”者,旧传释为父后者,谓父没適子承重,不合为出母服意。云“传”曰者,子夏释旧传意云与尊者为一体者,不言与父为体,而言与尊者,上《斩衰章》已有《传》云“正体於上,将所传重”,释相承父祖已上皆是尊者,故不言父也。但事宗庙祭祀者,不欲闻见凶人,故《杂记》云有死於宫中三月不祭,况有故可得祭乎?是以不敢服其私亲也。父已与母无亲,子独亲之,故云“私亲”也。
  ○注“在旁”至“绝道”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)“在(zai)旁而(er)及曰施(shi)”者,《诗》云(yun)“莫莫葛藟,施(shi)于(yu)条枚”,“茑与女萝,施(shi)于(yu)松(song)上(shang)”,皆是在(zai)旁而(er)及曰施(shi)。此以母为主(zhu),旁及外祖(zu),今母已绝(jue)族,不复及在(zai)旁,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)无(wu)施(shi)服(fu)也。云(yun)“亲者属母子至亲无(wu)绝(jue)道”者,属犹续(xu)也,《孝经》云(yun)“父母主(zhu)之(zhi),续(xu)莫大焉”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)母子为属,对(dui)父与母义合(he)有绝(jue)道,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)母子至亲无(wu)绝(jue)道。

父(fu)卒,继母嫁,从(cong),为之服,报。传曰:何(he)以期也?贵终(zhong)也。尝为母子(zi),贵终(zhong)其恩。

[疏]“父卒继母嫁从为之服报”。
  ○释(shi)曰:云“父卒继(ji)(ji)母(mu)嫁(jia)”者(zhe),欲见(jian)此母(mu)为(wei)(wei)父已服(fu)(fu)斩衰三年,恩意之(zhi)极,故子为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)一(yi)期(qi),得伸(shen)禫(xuan)杖(zhang)。但(dan)以不生(sheng)己(ji),父卒改嫁(jia),故降於(wu)已母(mu)。虽父卒后(hou),不伸(shen)三年,一(yi)期(qi)而(er)已。云“从(cong)(cong)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)服(fu)(fu)”者(zhe),亦为(wei)(wei)本是路人,暂时之(zhi)与(yu)父片合,父卒,还嫁(jia),便(bian)是路人,子仍著(zhu)服(fu)(fu),故生(sheng)从(cong)(cong)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)文也(ye)。“报(bao)”者(zhe),《丧服(fu)(fu)上、下》并记云报(bao)者(zhe)十(shi)有二,无降杀之(zhi)差。感(gan)恩者(zhe)皆称报(bao)。若此子念继(ji)(ji)母(mu)恩,终(zhong)从(cong)(cong)而(er)为(wei)(wei)服(fu)(fu),母(mu)以子恩,不可降杀,即生(sheng)报(bao)文,馀皆放此。

不(bu)杖、麻(ma)屦者,此亦齐衰,言其异於(wu)上(shang)。

[疏]“不杖麻屦者”。
  ○注“此亦”至“於上”。
  ○释曰:案上(shang)(shang)《斩章》布总箭笄亦(yi)(yi)是异(yi)(yi)(yi)於上(shang)(shang),郑不(bu)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),至此乃(nai)注(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe),彼亦(yi)(yi)是异(yi)(yi)(yi)於上(shang)(shang),不(bu)言者(zhe)(zhe),以下文更有(you)公士(shi)大夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众臣(chen),为(wei)其(qi)君布带(dai)绳屦,亦(yi)(yi)是异(yi)(yi)(yi)於上(shang)(shang)。同(tong)(tong)是斩衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai),而有(you)二文皆异(yi)(yi)(yi),故不(bu)得言异(yi)(yi)(yi)於上(shang)(shang),直注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“此妻妾(qie)女子子异(yi)(yi)(yi)於男子而已(yi)。此则虽(sui)(sui)是别章,唯此二事异(yi)(yi)(yi)於上(shang)(shang),故得言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。此《不(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)章》轻於上(shang)(shang)禫杖(zhang)(zhang),故次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)此章与上(shang)(shang)章虽(sui)(sui)杖(zhang)(zhang)与不(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)不(bu)同(tong)(tong),其(qi)正服(fu)(fu)(fu)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)裳皆同(tong)(tong)五升而冠(guan)(guan)八(ba)(ba)升则不(bu)异(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。必(bi)知父(fu)在为(wei)母(mu)不(bu)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)四升,冠(guan)(guan)七(qi)升,与上(shang)(shang)三(san)年齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)同(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe),见郑注(zhu)(zhu)《杂记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“士(shi)以臣(chen)从(cong)君服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai),为(wei)其(qi)母(mu)与兄弟。”是父(fu)在,为(wei)母(mu)与兄弟同(tong)(tong)正服(fu)(fu)(fu)五升,八(ba)(ba)升之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验(yan)也(ye)。又郑注(zhu)(zhu)《服(fu)(fu)(fu)问》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“为(wei)母(mu)既(ji)葬(zang)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)八(ba)(ba)升”,是初死(si)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)五升,冠(guan)(guan)八(ba)(ba)升。既(ji)葬(zang),以其(qi)冠(guan)(guan)为(wei)受(shou),受(shou)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)八(ba)(ba)升,冠(guan)(guan)九升,是亦(yi)(yi)为(wei)母(mu)同(tong)(tong)正服(fu)(fu)(fu)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)五升之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验(yan)也(ye)。又案此章云(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)麻屦”,郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“言其(qi)异(yi)(yi)(yi)於上(shang)(shang)”,则上(shang)(shang)章下疏(shu)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等亦(yi)(yi)同(tong)(tong),又是为(wei)母(mu)同(tong)(tong)正服(fu)(fu)(fu)五升之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验(yan)也(ye)。案下记(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)四升冠(guan)(guan)七(qi)升,及《閒传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)为(wei)母(mu)既(ji)虞,受(shou)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)七(qi)升者(zhe)(zhe),唯据上(shang)(shang)章父(fu)卒为(wei)母(mu)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)三(san)年者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。

祖父母。

[疏]“祖父母”。
  ○释曰:孙为之(zhi)服丧服条例,皆亲而尊者(zhe)在先(xian),故《斩(zhan)章(zhang)(zhang)》先(xian)父三(san)年,齐衰先(xian)母(mu),此(ci)(ci)不杖期(qi)先(xian)祖(zu),亦是(shi)其次。若(ruo)然,此(ci)(ci)章(zhang)(zhang)有降、有正、有义服之(zhi)本制,若(ruo)为父期(qi),祖(zu)合大功,为父母(mu)加隆至三(san)年,祖(zu)亦加隆至期(qi),是(shi)以祖(zu)在於章(zhang)(zhang),首得其宜(yi)也(ye)。

传曰:何(he)以期也(ye)?至尊也(ye)。

[疏]“传曰”至“尊也”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“何以期(qi)(qi)(qi)也至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)也”者(zhe),此据母(mu)而(er)问,所生之母(mu)至(zhi)(zhi)亲,唯期(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)已,祖(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)孙止大功(gong),孙为(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)既疏,何以亦期(qi)(qi)(qi)。答云(yun)(yun)“至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)也”者(zhe),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)孙降至(zhi)(zhi)大功(gong),似(si)父母(mu)於子降至(zhi)(zhi)期(qi)(qi)(qi),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)虽非(fei)(fei)至(zhi)(zhi)亲,是至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun),故期(qi)(qi)(qi)。若(ruo)然,不(bu)云(yun)(yun)“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)”,而(er)直(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)“至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)”者(zhe),以是父之至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun),非(fei)(fei)孙之至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun),故直(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)也。

世父母、叔父母。

[疏]“世父母叔父母”。
  ○释(shi)曰:世(shi)叔既卑於(wu)祖,故(gu)次(ci)之(zhi)。伯言(yan)世(shi)者,欲见继世(shi)为(wei)(wei)昆(kun)弟之(zhi)子,亦期。不(bu)(bu)言(yan)报(bao)者,以(yi)昆(kun)弟之(zhi)子犹子,若言(yan)报(bao)为(wei)(wei)疏,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)报(bao)也。

传曰:世父(fu)、叔(shu)父(fu)何(he)以(yi)(yi)期也?与尊者(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)体也。然(ran)则(ze)昆(kun)弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)何(he)以(yi)(yi)亦期也?旁尊也。不(bu)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)加尊焉,故(gu)报之(zhi)(zhi)也。父(fu)子(zi)一(yi)体也,夫(fu)妻一(yi)体也,昆(kun)弟(di)一(yi)体也。故(gu)父(fu)子(zi),首足(zu)也;夫(fu)妻,牉合也;昆(kun)弟(di),四(si)体也。故(gu)昆(kun)弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)义无分(fen),然(ran)而(er)有(you)(you)分(fen)者(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)辟子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)私也。子(zi)不(bu)私其(qi)父(fu),则(ze)不(bu)成为子(zi)。故(gu)有(you)(you)东宫(gong),有(you)(you)西宫(gong),有(you)(you)南宫(gong),有(you)(you)北宫(gong),异居而(er)同财,有(you)(you)馀(yu)则(ze)归之(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong),不(bu)足(zu)则(ze)资(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)。世母、叔(shu)母,何(he)以(yi)(yi)亦期也?以(yi)(yi)名服也。宗(zong)者(zhe)(zhe),世父(fu)为小宗(zong)典宗(zong)事者(zhe)(zhe)。资(zi),取也。为姑(gu)姊(zi)妹在(zai)室,亦如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)。

[疏]“传曰”至“名服也”。
  ○释曰:传发“何以期”问比例者,雷氏云:“非父之所尊,嫌服重,故问也。”不直云“何以言世父叔父”者,以经总言而传离释,故二文欲别问也。云“与尊者一体也”者,虽非至尊,既与尊者为一体,故服期。不言与父为一体者,直言尊者,明父为一体也,为与一尊,故加期也。云“然则昆弟之子何以亦期也”者,以世叔父与二尊为体,故加期。昆弟之子无此义,何以亦期?故怪而致问也。云“旁尊也,不足以加尊焉,故报之也”者,凡得降者,皆由已尊也,故降之。世叔非正尊,故生报也。云“父子一体”已下云云,传云此者,上既云一体,故传又广明一体之义,凡言“体”者,若人之四体,故传解父子、夫妻、兄弟,还比人四体而言也。云“父子一体也”者,谓子与父骨血是同为体,因其父与祖亦为一体,又见世叔与祖亦为一体也。云“夫妻一体也”者,亦见世叔母与世叔父为一体也。云“昆弟一体也”者,又见世叔与父亦为一体也。故马云:言一体者,还是至亲,因父加於世叔,故云昆弟一体。因世叔加於世叔母,故以夫妻一体也。因上世叔是旁尊,故以下广明尊有正有旁之义也。人身首足为上下,父子亦是尊卑之上下,故父子比於首足。因父子兼见祖孙,故马云首足者,父尊若首,加祖在期,子卑若足,曾孙在緦也。云“夫妇牉合也”者,《郊特牲》云“天地合而后万物兴焉”,是夫妇半合,子胤生焉,是半合为一体也。云“昆弟四体也”者,四体谓二手、二足,在身之旁,昆弟亦在父之旁,故云四体也。云“故昆弟之义无分”者,此传兄弟有合离之义,以手足四体本在一身,不可分别。若昆弟共成父身,亦不可分别,是昆弟之义不合分也。云“然而有分者,则辟子之私也”者,昆弟理不合分,然而分者,则辟子之私也,使昆弟之子各自私朝其父,故须分也。云“子不私其父,则不成为子”者,《内则》云:“子事父母,鸡初鸣,咸盥漱,栉纚笄总。”朝事父母,若兄弟同在一宫,则尊崇诸父之长者。第二已下,其子不得私其父,不成为人人之子之法也。云“故有东宫有西宫”云云,案《内则》云:“命士以上,父子异宫。”不命之士,父子同宫,纵同宫亦有隔别,亦为四方之宫也。云“世母、叔母,何以亦期也,以名服也”者,二母是路人,以来配世叔父,则生母名,既有母名,则当随世叔而服之,故云以名服也。
  ○注“宗者”至“如之”。
  ○释曰:案《丧(sang)服(fu)(fu)小(xiao)记》云:“继(ji)别(bie)为(wei)(wei)大宗(zong)(zong)(zong),继(ji)祢为(wei)(wei)小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)。”大宗(zong)(zong)(zong)继(ji)别(bie)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),百世不(bu)迁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong),在五服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中者(zhe),族人为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)筭如(ru)(ru)邦(bang)人,如(ru)(ru)为(wei)(wei)齐衰,《齐衰三月(yue)章(zhang)(zhang)》宗(zong)(zong)(zong)子是也。小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)有四(si),皆据五服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,依常著服(fu)(fu)。五世别(bie)高祖,则别(bie)事(shi)亲(qin)者(zhe)。今宗(zong)(zong)(zong)子在《期(qi)章(zhang)(zhang)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,明非大宗(zong)(zong)(zong)子,是世父为(wei)(wei)小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)典(dian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)事(shi)者(zhe)也。云“为(wei)(wei)姑(gu)姊妹(mei)在室亦如(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),《大功(gong)章(zhang)(zhang)》云“为(wei)(wei)姑(gu)嫁大功(gong)”,明未(wei)嫁在此《期(qi)章(zhang)(zhang)》。若(ruo)然,不(bu)见姑(gu)者(zhe),雷(lei)云:不(bu)见姑(gu)者(zhe),欲(yu)见时早出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。

大夫之適子为妻。

[疏]“大夫之適子为妻”。
  ○释曰:云“大夫之(zhi)適子为妻(qi)”,在此《不杖章》,则上《杖章》为妻(qi)者是庶子为妻(qi),父没后(hou)適子亦为妻(qi)杖,亦在彼章也。

传(chuan)曰:何以期也(ye)?父(fu)之(zhi)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang),子(zi)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢降(jiang)也(ye)。何以不(bu)(bu)(bu)杖也(ye)?父(fu)在则为(wei)妻(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)杖。大夫不(bu)(bu)(bu)以尊(zun)降(jiang)適妇(fu)者(zhe),重(zhong)適也(ye)。凡不(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang)者(zhe),谓如其(qi)亲服服之(zhi)。降(jiang)有四(si)品:君(jun)、大夫以尊(zun)降(jiang),公(gong)子(zi)、大夫之(zhi)子(zi)以厌降(jiang),公(gong)之(zhi)昆弟以旁尊(zun)降(jiang),为(wei)人后者(zhe)、女子(zi)子(zi)嫁者(zhe)以出降(jiang)。

[疏]“传曰”至“不杖”。
  ○释曰:怪所以期,发比例而问者。大夫众子为妻皆大功,今令適子为妻期,故发问也。云“父之所不降子亦不敢降也”者,《大功章》有適妇,注云:“適子之妻。”是父不降適妇也。云子亦不敢降者,谓不敢降至大功,与庶子同也。云“何以不杖也”者,既不降,怪不杖,故发问也。“父在为妻不杖”者,父为適子之妇为丧主,故適子不敢伸而杖也。《服问》云:“君所主,夫人、妻、大子適妇。”是大夫为適妇为丧主也,故子不杖也。若然,此適子为妻通贵贱,今不云“长子”通上下而云“適子”,唯据大夫者,以五十始爵,为降服之始,嫌降適妇,其子亦降其妻,故明。举大夫不降,天子诸侯虽尊,不降可知。
  ○注“大夫”至“出降”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)適(shi)妇者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),重(zhong)適(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)解经文(wen)所不(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)適(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇,对(dui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇小(xiao)功(gong)(gong),是(shi)(shi)尊(zun)(zun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“凡不(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)如其(qi)(qi)(qi)亲(qin)(qin)服(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)依五(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)常法(fa)服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)有(you)(you)四品”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑因传(chuan)有(you)(you)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、不(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),遂总解《丧服(fu)(fu)(fu)》上下降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。云(yun)“君大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)统之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin)(qin),后夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)与长子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、长子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)等(deng)(deng)不(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),馀(yu)亲(qin)(qin)则绝(jue)。天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯绝(jue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)一等(deng)(deng),即大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)众子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)厌(yan)(yan)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)非(fei)身自(zi)尊(zun)(zun),受父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厌(yan)(yan)屈以(yi)(yi)(yi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),无尊(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)。下记云(yun)“公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)母练(lian)冠(guan)麻麻衣(yi)縓缘,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)妻(qi)縓冠(guan)葛(ge)绖带麻衣(yi)”,父(fu)卒乃大(da)(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)即《小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)章(zhang)》云(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)从父(fu)昆(kun)(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)”皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆(kun)(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)旁(pang)(pang)尊(zun)(zun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)亦非(fei)己尊(zun)(zun)旁(pang)(pang)及昆(kun)(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di),故(gu)亦降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)诸(zhu)亲(qin)(qin),即《小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)章(zhang)》云(yun)“公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆(kun)(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)从父(fu)母昆(kun)(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案《大(da)(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)章(zhang)》云(yun)“公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶(shu)昆(kun)(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母妻(qi)昆(kun)(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)”,传(chuan)曰:“先君馀(yu)尊(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所厌(yan)(yan),不(bu)(bu)得过大(da)(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)。”若然,公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆(kun)(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)有(you)(you)两(liang)义,既以(yi)(yi)(yi)旁(pang)(pang)尊(zun)(zun),又为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)馀(yu)尊(zun)(zun)厌(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)后者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),女子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)嫁者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)出(chu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若下文(wen)云(yun)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)后者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)母报”,又下文(wen)云(yun)“女子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)適(shi)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)母、昆(kun)(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)父(fu)后者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,此(ci)二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)出(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)(fu),例在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)后,今(jin)在(zai)(zai)昆(kun)(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)上者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)妻(qi)本在(zai)(zai)杖期(qi),直以(yi)(yi)(yi)父(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,故(gu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)入《不(bu)(bu)杖章(zhang)》,是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)进之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)昆(kun)(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)上也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

昆弟。昆,兄也。为姊妹在室亦如(ru)之。

[疏]“昆弟”。
  ○注“昆兄”至“如之”。
  ○释曰:昆弟(di)卑(bei)於(wu)世叔(shu),故(gu)(gu)次之,此亦(yi)至亲以期断。云(yun)“昆,兄也”者(zhe),昆,明(ming)也,以其次长,故(gu)(gu)以明(ming)为(wei)称弟(di)。弟(di)也,以其小,故(gu)(gu)以次弟(di)为(wei)名。云(yun)“为(wei)姊妹在(zai)室亦(yi)如之”者(zhe),义同於(wu)上,姑在(zai)室也。

为众子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。众子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者,长子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)弟及妾子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在室亦如之(zhi)。士谓(wei)之(zhi)众子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),未能远别也(ye),大(da)夫(fu)则(ze)(ze)谓(wei)之(zhi)庶子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),降之(zhi)为大(da)功。天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、国君不(bu)服之(zhi)。《内则(ze)(ze)》曰:“冢(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)未食而见(jian),必执其(qi)右手。適子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、庶子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)已食而见(jian),必循其(qi)首。”

[疏]“为众子”。
  ○注“众子”至“其首”。
  ○释曰:众子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)卑於昆(kun)弟(di),故(gu)(gu)次之(zhi),注(zhu)兼云(yun)(yun)女子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)义,如上姑姊妹。但(dan)上注(zhu)郑云(yun)(yun)“在(zai)室(shi)”,此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)在(zai)室(shi)可知,故(gu)(gu)略(lve)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)。昆(kun)弟(di)众子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)及下(xia)昆(kun)弟(di)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)发传者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)同是(shi)一体,故(gu)(gu)无异问。姊妹女子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)室(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)如上姑不(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)。雷氏云(yun)(yun):“欲见(jian)(jian)出当及时”,又《大(da)功(gong)章》见(jian)(jian)姑姊妹女子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)嫁大(da)功(gong),明此(ci)在(zai)室(shi)可知,故(gu)(gu)略(lve)之(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“士谓之(zhi)众子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)未(wei)能(neng)远别也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经不(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)士,郑云(yun)(yun)士者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《丧服》平文是(shi)士,故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)士可知也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“大(da)夫(fu)则(ze)谓之(zhi)庶子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),降之(zhi)为大(da)功(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)文大(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皆云(yun)(yun)庶子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),降一等,故(gu)(gu)大(da)功(gong)。云(yun)(yun)“天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)国君不(bu)(bu)(bu)服之(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)绝旁亲,故(gu)(gu)知不(bu)(bu)(bu)服。若(ruo)然,经所云(yun)(yun)唯据士也(ye)。引《内则(ze)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案彼云(yun)(yun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生三月之(zhi)末,释日(ri)(ri)翦(jian)发为鬌(duo),以(yi)见(jian)(jian)於父。若(ruo)冢子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),生则(ze)见(jian)(jian)於正寝,其(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)夫(fu)妻共(gong)食(shi)(shi)(shi),具(ju)视朔(shuo)食(shi)(shi)(shi),天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)则(ze)大(da)牢,诸侯则(ze)少(shao)牢,大(da)夫(fu)特牲,士特豚。冢子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)未(wei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)而见(jian)(jian),必执其(qi)(qi)(qi)右手,咳而名之(zhi)。执右明授(shou)之(zhi)室(shi)事,退入夫(fu)之(zhi)燕(yan)寝乃食(shi)(shi)(shi),下(xia)云(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)非冢子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皆降一等。云(yun)(yun)“適子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)庶子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)巳食(shi)(shi)(shi)而见(jian)(jian)必循其(qi)(qi)(qi)首”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)授(shou)室(shi)事故(gu)(gu)也(ye),而郑注(zhu)未(wei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)已食(shi)(shi)(shi),急正缓庶之(zhi)义。言(yan)(yan)冢子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)犹言(yan)(yan)长(zhang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),通(tong)於下(xia)也(ye),彼言(yan)(yan)適子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),谓適妻所生第二已下(xia),庶子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)谓妾子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)。引之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证言(yan)(yan)庶子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)别於適长(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。

昆弟之子。

传曰:何以(yi)期也?报之也。《檀弓》曰:“丧服,兄弟之子犹子也。”盖引而进(jin)之。

[疏]“昆弟之子”。
  ○注“檀弓”至“进之”。
  ○释曰:昆弟子疏於亲(qin)子,故次(ci)之(zhi)。世叔父为(wei)之(zhi),此两相为(wei)服,不言报(bao)(bao)者,引同(tong)(tong)己子,与亲(qin)子同(tong)(tong),故不言报(bao)(bao),是以(yi)《檀弓》为(wei)证,言“进(jin)”者,进(jin)同(tong)(tong)己子故也。

大(da)夫之(zhi)庶子为(wei)適昆弟(di)(di)。两言(yan)之(zhi)者(zhe),適子或(huo)为(wei)兄,或(huo)为(wei)弟(di)(di)。

[疏]“大夫”至“昆弟”。
  ○注“两言”至“为弟”。
  ○释(shi)曰:此(ci)大夫之(zhi)妾(qie)子,故言(yan)(yan)庶,若適(shi)(shi)妻所(suo)生第二已(yi)下(xia),当直云昆弟(di)(di),不(bu)言(yan)(yan)庶也。云“两言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)”者,以(yi)其適(shi)(shi)妻所(suo)生適(shi)(shi)子,或(huo)长於(wu)妾(qie)子,或(huo)小於(wu)妾(qie)子,故云两言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)。適(shi)(shi)子或(huo)为兄,或(huo)为弟(di)(di),是以(yi)经昆弟(di)(di)并言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)。

《传》曰:何以期也(ye)?父之(zhi)所不降,子亦不敢降也(ye)。大夫(fu)虽尊(zun),不敢降其適,重之(zhi)也(ye)。適子为(wei)庶(shu)(shu)昆(kun)弟(di),庶(shu)(shu)昆(kun)弟(di)相为(wei),亦如大夫(fu)为(wei)之(zhi)。

[疏]“传曰”至“降也”。
  ○释曰:云“父之所不降”者,即《斩章》父为长子是也。云“子亦不敢降”者,於此服期是也。发“何以”传者,馀兄弟相为皆大功,独为適服期,故发问比例之传也。
  ○注“大夫”至“为之”。
  ○释曰:云“大夫虽尊(zun),不敢降其(qi)適,重之也”者(zhe),释传父之所(suo)不降。云“適子为(wei)庶昆弟”已下,郑广(guang)明大夫与(yu)適子所(suo)降者(zhe),以大夫適子得行大夫礼,故父子俱降庶,庶又自(zi)相降也。如大夫为(wei)之皆大功也。

適孙。

[疏]“適孙”。
  ○释(shi)曰:孙(sun)卑於昆(kun)弟,故次(ci)之(zhi)。此谓(wei)適子死,其(qi)適孙(sun)承重者(zhe),祖为(wei)之(zhi)期。

传曰:何以(yi)期(qi)也(ye)?不敢降其適(shi)(shi)也(ye)。有適(shi)(shi)子者无適(shi)(shi)孙(sun)(sun),孙(sun)(sun)妇亦如(ru)之。周之道(dao),適(shi)(shi)子死则立(li)適(shi)(shi)孙(sun)(sun),是適(shi)(shi)孙(sun)(sun)将上为(wei)祖后者也(ye)。长子在,则皆为(wei)庶(shu)孙(sun)(sun)耳(er),孙(sun)(sun)妇亦如(ru)之。適(shi)(shi)妇在,亦为(wei)庶(shu)孙(sun)(sun)之妇。凡父於将为(wei)后者,非(fei)长子,皆期(qi)也(ye)。

[疏]“传曰”至“如之”。
  ○释曰:传云“何以”问比例者,亦为众孙大功,此独期,故发问也。云“有適子者无適孙”者,谓適子在,不得立適孙为后也。云“孙妇亦如之”,亦谓不立之,故云亦如之也。
  ○注“周之”至“期也”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)“周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)道,適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)死则(ze)立(li)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)孙(sun),是(shi)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)孙(sun)将(jiang)上为(wei)祖后(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此释祖为(wei)孙(sun)服(fu)重之(zhi)(zhi)义。言(yan)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)道,对(dui)殷(yin)道则(ze)不然(ran),以其殷(yin)道,適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)死,弟乃当(dang)先立(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“长(zhang)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)则(ze)为(wei)庶(shu)(shu)孙(sun)耳”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),既適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)不得立(li)孙(sun),明同庶(shu)(shu)孙(sun)之(zhi)(zhi)例。云(yun)“凡(fan)(fan)父(fu)(fu)於将(jiang)为(wei)后(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非(fei)长(zhang)子(zi)(zi)皆期(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《丧(sang)服(fu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)记》云(yun):“適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)妇(fu)不为(wei)舅后(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)姑为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)。”注云(yun):“谓夫(fu)有废疾他故(gu)(gu)(gu),若(ruo)死而无子(zi)(zi)不受重者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)庶(shu)(shu)妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡(fan)(fan)父(fu)(fu)母於子(zi)(zi),舅姑於妇(fu),将(jiang)不传(chuan)重於適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。及将(jiang)传(chuan)重者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)非(fei)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)皆如众子(zi)(zi)庶(shu)(shu)妇(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)以郑云(yun)凡(fan)(fan)父(fu)(fu)母於子(zi)(zi),舅姑於妇(fu),非(fei)长(zhang)子(zi)(zi)皆期(qi)。明非(fei)长(zhang)子(zi)(zi)妇(fu)及於非(fei)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)孙(sun)传(chuan)重,同於庶(shu)(shu)孙(sun),大(da)功(gong)可(ke)知也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran),长(zhang)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)父(fu)(fu)斩(zhan)(zhan),父(fu)(fu)亦为(wei)斩(zhan)(zhan),適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)孙(sun)承(cheng)重为(wei)祖斩(zhan)(zhan),祖为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)期(qi),不报之(zhi)(zhi)斩(zhan)(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),父(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)一体(ti),本(ben)有三年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)情,故(gu)(gu)(gu)特为(wei)祖斩(zhan)(zhan)。祖为(wei)孙(sun)本(ben)非(fei)一体(ti),但(dan)以报期(qi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)期(qi)不得斩(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

为(wei)人后者为(wei)其父母,报。

[疏]“为人后者为其父母报”。
  ○释曰:此(ci)谓其(qi)子后(hou)人反来为(wei)父母(mu)在(zai)者(zhe),欲其(qi)厚(hou)於所(suo)后(hou),薄於本亲,抑之,故次在(zai)孙后(hou)也(ye)。若然,既为(wei)本生不降斩,至《禫杖章》者(zhe),亦是深抑厚(hou)於大宗(zong)也(ye)。言(yan)报者(zhe),既深抑之,使同本疏往来相报之法故也(ye)。

传曰(yue):何(he)以(yi)期也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?不(bu)(bu)(bu)贰斩也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何(he)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)贰斩也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?持重於大(da)宗(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),降(jiang)其小宗(zong)(zong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。为(wei)人后(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)孰后(hou)(hou)(hou)?后(hou)(hou)(hou)大(da)宗(zong)(zong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。曷(he)为(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)大(da)宗(zong)(zong)?大(da)宗(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),尊(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)统也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。禽兽知(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)(fu)。野(ye)人曰(yue):父(fu)(fu)母(mu)何(he)筭焉?都邑(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)士,则知(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)祢(mi)矣。大(da)夫及(ji)(ji)学(xue)士,则知(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)祖矣。诸侯(hou)及(ji)(ji)其大(da)祖,天子及(ji)(ji)其始祖之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)自出(chu),尊(zun)(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)尊(zun)(zun)统上,卑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)尊(zun)(zun)统下(xia)。大(da)宗(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),尊(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)统也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)宗(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),收族(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)绝。故族(zu)人以(yi)支子后(hou)(hou)(hou)大(da)宗(zong)(zong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。適子不(bu)(bu)(bu)得后(hou)(hou)(hou)大(da)宗(zong)(zong)。都邑(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)士,则知(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)弥,近政化也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)祖,始封之(zhi)(zhi)君。始祖者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),感神灵而(er)生,若稷、契也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自,由(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。及(ji)(ji)始祖之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)由(you)出(chu),谓祭(ji)天也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。上犹(you)远也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。下(xia)犹(you)近也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。收族(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓别亲疏,序昭穆。《大(da)传》曰(yue):系之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)姓而(er)弗别,缀之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)食而(er)弗殊,虽百世昏姻不(bu)(bu)(bu)通者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),周道然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

[疏]“传曰”至“大宗”。
  ○释曰:问者,本生父母应斩及三年,今乃不杖期,故问比例也。云“不贰斩”者,答辞。又不贰斩者,持重於大宗者,降其小宗,此解不贰斩之意也。此问答虽兼母,专据父,故答以斩而言。案《丧服小记》云:“别子为祖,继别为大宗。”谓若鲁桓公適夫人文姜生大子,名同,后为君,次子庆父、叔牙、季友,此三子谓之别子。别子者,皆以臣道事君,无兄弟相宗之法,与大子有别,又与后世为始,故称别子也。大宗有一,小宗有四。大宗一者,别子之子,適者为诸弟来宗之,即谓之大宗。自此以下,適適相承,谓之百世不迁之宗。五服之内,亲者月筭如邦人,五服之外,皆来宗之,为之齐衰,《齐衰三月章》“为宗子之母妻”是也。小宗有四者,谓大宗之后生者,谓别子之弟。《小记》注云:“别子之世长子兄弟宗之。”第二已下,长者亲弟来宗之,为继祢小宗。更一世长者,非直亲兄弟,又从父昆弟亦来宗之,为继祖小宗。更一世长者,非直亲昆弟,从父昆弟,又有从祖昆弟来宗之,为继曾祖小宗。更一世长者,非直有亲昆弟,从父昆弟,从祖昆弟来宗之,又有从曾祖昆弟来宗之,为继高祖小宗也。更一世绝服,不复来事,以彼自事,五服内继高祖巳下者也。四者皆是小宗,则家家皆有兄弟相事长者之小宗。虽家家尽有小宗,仍世事继高祖已下之小宗也,是以上传云“有馀则归之宗”,亦谓当家之长为小宗者也。云“为人后者孰后,后大宗也”者,此问小宗、大宗二者与何者为后,后大宗也。案何休云“小宗无后当绝”,与此义同也。又云“后大宗者降其小宗”,此则继为人后为父母,父母尚降,明馀皆降也。故《大功章》云“为人后者为其昆弟”,是降小宗之类也。云“曷为后大宗,大宗者,尊之统”者,此问必后大宗,何意也?明宗子尊统领,是以《书传》云:“宗子燕族人於堂,宗妇燕族人於房,序之以昭穆”,既有族食、族燕齿序族人之事,是以须后不可绝也,故云尊之统也。云“禽兽”已下者,因之尊宗子,遂广申尊祖,宗子之事也。云“禽兽知母不知父”者,《尔雅》云:“两足而羽谓之禽,四足而毛谓之兽。”彼对文而言之也。若散文言之,兽亦名禽。禽兽所生,唯知随母,不知随父,是知母不知父。云“野人曰父母何筭焉”者,野人谓若《论语》郑注云“野人粗略”,与都邑之士相对。亦谓国外为野人,野人稍远政化,都邑之士为近政化。《周礼》云“野自六尺”之类者,不知分别父母尊卑也。云“都邑之士则知尊祢”者,士下对野人,上对大夫,则此士所谓在朝之士并在城郭士,民知义礼者,总谓之为士也。云“大夫及学士则知尊祖”者,此学谓乡庠序及国之大学、小学之学士,文王之世子亦云“学士”,虽未有官爵,以其习知四术,闲知六艺,知祖义父仁之礼,故敬父遂尊祖,得与大夫之贵同也。诸侯及其大祖,天子及其始祖,皆是爵尊者,其德所及远之义也。云大宗“收族”已下,谓论大宗立后之意也。云“適子不得后大宗”者,以其自当主家事并承重祭祀之事故也。
  ○注“都邑”至“道然也”。
  ○释曰:都(dou)邑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),对(dui)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)诸侯(hou)(hou)曰国采地(di),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)曰都(dou)邑。故《周(zhou)礼·载师》有(you)家邑、小都(dou)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)都(dou),《春秋左氏》诸侯(hou)(hou)下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)采地(di),亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)邑曰筑(zhu),都(dou)曰城。散(san)文天(tian)子(zi)(zi)已(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)皆名都(dou)邑,都(dou)邑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)民(min)近(jin)(jin)政(zheng)化(hua)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran),天(tian)子(zi)(zi)诸侯(hou)(hou)施政(zheng)化(hua),民(min)无以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)远近(jin)(jin)为(wei)异,但(dan)近(jin)(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)易(yi)化(hua),远者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)难感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan),故民(min)近(jin)(jin)政(zheng)化(hua)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)识深,则(ze)知尊(zun)父,远政(zheng)化(hua)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)识浅,不(bu)(bu)知父母(mu)有(you)尊(zun)卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)始(shi)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《周(zhou)礼·典命(ming)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)三公(gong)(gong)八(ba)(ba)命(ming),卿六(liu)命(ming),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)四命(ming),其(qi)(qi)爵皆加一(yi)等(deng)。加一(yi)等(deng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),八(ba)(ba)命(ming)为(wei)上(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong)九命(ming),为(wei)牧八(ba)(ba)命(ming),为(wei)侯(hou)(hou)伯七命(ming),为(wei)子(zi)(zi)男五命(ming),此(ci)皆为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)世(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)毁其(qi)(qi)庙(miao)。若(ruo)鲁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)公(gong)(gong),齐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)公(gong)(gong),卫(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)康叔(shu),郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)神灵(ling)而生,若(ruo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)契(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自,由(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。及始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)所由(you)出(chu)谓(wei)祭天(tian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)祭所感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)帝(di)(di)(di),还以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)配之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)禘其(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所自出(chu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)配之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)东方青(qing)(qing)(qing)帝(di)(di)(di)灵(ling)威仰所生,契(qi)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)北方黑(hei)帝(di)(di)(di)汁光纪(ji)所生。《易(yi)纬》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“三王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郊,一(yi)用(yong)夏正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”。《郊特牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“兆日於(wu)(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊,就阳位”,则(ze)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)建(jian)寅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)祀所感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)帝(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊,还以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)生祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)配祭,周(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji),殷以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)契(qi)配之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)谓(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)配祭天(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又郑(zheng)(zheng)注《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),皆感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)微五帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生,则(ze)不(bu)(bu)止后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)与(yu)契(qi)而已(yi)。但(dan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)青(qing)(qing)(qing)帝(di)(di)(di)所生,即《生民(min)》诗云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“履帝(di)(di)(di)武敏歆(xin)”,据(ju)郑(zheng)(zheng)义,帝(di)(di)(di)喾后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)世(shi)(shi)妃姜原履青(qing)(qing)(qing)帝(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)人(ren)迹而生后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji),殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先母(mu)有(you)娀氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)简(jian)狄(di)吞燕卵而生契(qi),此(ci)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)文著(zhu),故郑(zheng)(zheng)据(ju)而言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)实帝(di)(di)(di)王皆有(you)所感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)而生也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“上(shang)(shang)犹(you)远也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),下(xia)(xia)(xia)犹(you)近(jin)(jin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)子(zi)(zi)始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),诸侯(hou)(hou)及大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),并於(wu)(wu)(wu)亲庙(miao)外(wai)祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)统远。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)三庙(miao),適士(shi)二(er)庙(miao),中下(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi)一(yi)庙(miao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卑(bei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)尊(zun)统近(jin)(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran),此(ci)论大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)子(zi)(zi),而言天(tian)子(zi)(zi)诸侯(hou)(hou)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)子(zi)(zi)统领(ling)百(bai)世(shi)(shi)而不(bu)(bu)迁,又上(shang)(shang)祭别祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)子(zi)(zi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)而不(bu)(bu)易(yi),亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)统远。小宗(zong)子(zi)(zi)唯统五服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)统近(jin)(jin),故传(chuan)言尊(zun)统远近(jin)(jin)而云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)统也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),收族,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)统远之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)传(chuan)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案彼称姓谓(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)姓,若(ruo)殷于、周(zhou)姬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,缀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)食者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)食礼相(xiang)连缀,使不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)疏(shu),若(ruo)宗(zong)子(zi)(zi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)族人(ren)行族食、族燕者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“百(bai)世(shi)(shi)婚姻不(bu)(bu)通周(zhou)道(dao)然(ran)(ran)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),对(dui)殷道(dao)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)然(ran)(ran),谓(wei)殷家不(bu)(bu)系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)姓,但(dan)五世(shi)(shi)绝服,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)庶(shu)姓别於(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang),而戚(qi)单於(wu)(wu)(wu)下(xia)(xia)(xia),下(xia)(xia)(xia)婚姻通也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)子(zi)(zi)统领(ling)族人(ren),序以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)昭穆(mu),百(bai)世(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)乱(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

女子(zi)子(zi)適人者(zhe),为其父母(mu)、昆弟之为父后者(zhe)。

[疏]“女子子”至“父后者”。
  ○释曰:女子(zi)卑於男子(zi),故次男子(zi)后。

传曰(yue):为(wei)(wei)(wei)父(fu)何(he)(he)以(yi)期也(ye)(ye)?妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)贰(er)斩也(ye)(ye)。妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)贰(er)斩者(zhe)(zhe)何(he)(he)也(ye)(ye)?妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)三从之(zhi)(zhi)义,无(wu)专用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)道,故未嫁(jia)从父(fu),既嫁(jia)从夫,夫死(si)从子。故父(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),子之(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)也(ye)(ye)。夫者(zhe)(zhe),妻(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)也(ye)(ye)。妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)贰(er)斩者(zhe)(zhe),犹曰(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)贰(er)天(tian)也(ye)(ye)。妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)贰(er)尊也(ye)(ye)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)昆弟之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)父(fu)后(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)何(he)(he)以(yi)亦期也(ye)(ye)?妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)虽(sui)在(zai)外,必有(you)归宗(zong)(zong),曰(yue)小宗(zong)(zong),故服(fu)期也(ye)(ye)。从者(zhe)(zhe),从其(qi)教(jiao)令(ling)。归宗(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe),父(fu)虽(sui)卒,犹自归宗(zong)(zong),其(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)父(fu)后(hou)持重者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自绝於其(qi)族(zu)类也(ye)(ye)。曰(yue)小宗(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)是乃小宗(zong)(zong)也(ye)(ye),小宗(zong)(zong)明(ming)非一也(ye)(ye),小宗(zong)(zong)有(you)四。丈夫妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)小宗(zong)(zong),各如(ru)其(qi)亲之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu),辟大宗(zong)(zong)。

[疏]“传曰”至“服期也”。
  ○释曰:经兼言父母,传特问父不问母者,家无二尊,故父在为母期,今出嫁仍期,但不杖禫而已。未多悬绝,故不问女子子在室斩衰三年。今出嫁与母同在不杖麻屦悬绝,故问云“为父何以期也”。“妇人不贰斩也”,答辞。云“妇人不贰斩者何”,更问不贰斩之意也。云“妇人有三从之义”已下,答辞。前《斩章》云为人后,不云丈夫不贰斩,至此女子子云妇人不贰斩者,则丈夫容有贰斩,故有为长子皆斩。又《丧服四制》云:“门内之治,恩揜义,门外之治,义断恩。”至於君父别时而丧,仍得为父申斩,则丈夫有二斩。至於女子子在家为父,出嫁为夫,唯一无二,故特言妇人,是异於男子故也。若然,案《杂记》云:“与诸侯为兄弟者服斩。”是妇人为夫并为君得二斩者,然则此妇人不贰斩者,在家为父斩,出嫁为夫斩,为父期,此其常事。彼为君不可以轻服,服君非常之事,不得决此也。言妇人有三从之义者,欲言不贰斩之意,妇人从人所从,即为之斩。若然,夫死从子,不为子斩者,子为母齐衰,母为子不得过齐衰,故亦不斩也。云“妇人不能二尊”者,欲见不贰斩之义。云曰“小宗故服期”者,欲见大宗子百世不迁,妇人所归,虽不归大宗,宗内丈夫,妇人为之齐衰三月。小宗宗内兄弟父之適长者为之,妇人之所归宗者,归此小宗,遂之期,与大宗别。传恐人疑为大宗,故辨之曰小宗故服期也。
  ○注“从者”至“大宗”。
  ○释曰:归(gui)(gui)宗(zong)(zong)者(zhe)父虽卒犹自归(gui)(gui)宗(zong)(zong),知义然(ran)者(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)父母在,嫁女自当(dang)归(gui)(gui)宁父母,何须归(gui)(gui)宗(zong)(zong)子。传言“妇人(ren)(ren)虽在外必归(gui)(gui)宗(zong)(zong)”,明(ming)是(shi)据父母卒者(zhe),故(gu)郑据父母卒而言。若(ruo)(ruo)然(ran),天子诸侯夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)父母卒,不得(de)(de)归(gui)(gui)宗(zong)(zong),以其(qi)人(ren)(ren)君绝宗(zong)(zong),故(gu)许(xu)穆(mu)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)、卫侯之(zhi)女,父死不得(de)(de)归(gui)(gui),赋《载驰》诗是(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“小(xiao)(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)者(zhe)言是(shi)乃小(xiao)(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)也(ye)”者(zhe),郑解传意言“曰小(xiao)(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)”者(zhe),传重释归(gui)(gui)宗(zong)(zong),是(shi)乃小(xiao)(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“明(ming)非一”者(zhe),欲见(jian)家家皆(jie)(jie)有也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“小(xiao)(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)有四”者(zhe),已於上释。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“丈夫(fu)妇人(ren)(ren)为小(xiao)(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)各如(ru)其(qi)亲之(zhi)服(fu)”者(zhe),谓各如(ru)五(wu)服(fu)尊卑,服(fu)之(zhi)无所加减。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“避(bi)大宗(zong)(zong)”者(zhe),大宗(zong)(zong)则齐衰三(san)月,云(yun)(yun)(yun)丈夫(fu)妇人(ren)(ren)五(wu)服(fu)外,皆(jie)(jie)齐衰三(san)月。五(wu)服(fu)内,月筭(suan)如(ru)邦(bang)人(ren)(ren),亦皆(jie)(jie)齐衰,无大功、小(xiao)(xiao)功、緦(si)麻,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)避(bi)大宗(zong)(zong)也(ye)。

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