卷八 乡饮酒礼第四
[疏]《乡饮酒礼》第四。
○郑《目录》云:“诸侯之乡大夫,三年大比,献贤者能者於其君,以礼宾之,与之饮酒,於五礼属嘉礼。《大戴》此乃第十,《小戴》及《别录》此皆第四。”
○释曰(yue):郑(zheng)知此乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)献贤(xian)能(neng)法者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《春官(guan)》小胥掌乐(le)县(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)法,而(er)云(yun)(yun):“凡(fan)县(xian)(xian)锺磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),半(ban)为(wei)堵(du),全为(wei)肆。”注云(yun)(yun):“锺磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),编县(xian)(xian)二(er)八十六枚而(er)在一(yi)虡,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)堵(du)。锺一(yi)堵(du),磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)一(yi)堵(du),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)肆。半(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)、士(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)半(ban)天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)。西县(xian)(xian)锺,东县(xian)(xian)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。士(shi)(shi)(shi)亦(yi)半(ban)天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi),县(xian)(xian)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)而(er)已(yi)。”今此下(xia)唯县(xian)(xian)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)而(er)无锺,故以为(wei)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)。若然(ran),谓(wei)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi),亦(yi)应锺磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)俱(ju)有(you)(you),而(er)直有(you)(you)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)彼注云(yun)(yun)“宾乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)人之(zhi)(zhi)贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),从(cong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)礼(li)也(ye)”,故县(xian)(xian)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)而(er)已(yi)。若然(ran),天(tian)子(zi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)宾贤(xian)能(neng)从(cong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)礼(li),亦(yi)锺磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)俱(ju)有(you)(you),不(bu)得独(du)有(you)(you)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)也(ye)。知诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)非士(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)》记(ji)云(yun)(yun)士(shi)(shi)(shi)则鹿中,大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)则兕(si)中。又经(jing)有(you)(you)“堂(tang)则物(wu)当(dang)(dang)楣,序(xu)则物(wu)当(dang)(dang)栋”,则非直州(zhou)射(she)(she)兼有(you)(you)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)。乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)以五(wu)物(wu)询众(zhong)庶,行射(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),则知诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)可知也(ye)。凡(fan)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),其(qi)名有(you)(you)四:案(an)此宾贤(xian)能(neng)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),一(yi)也(ye);又案(an)《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)义》云(yun)(yun)“六十者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)坐(zuo),五(wu)十者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)立侍”,是(shi)党正(zheng)饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),亦(yi)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),二(er)也(ye);乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)州(zhou)长春秋(qiu)习(xi)射(she)(she)於州(zhou)序(xu),先行乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),亦(yi)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),三也(ye);案(an)《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)义》,又有(you)(you)卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)饮(yin)国(guo)中贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),用(yong)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),四也(ye)。其(qi)《王制》云(yun)(yun):“习(xi)射(she)(she)尚功,习(xi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)尚齿。”还是(shi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)党饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)法。
乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼。主人(ren)(ren)就先(xian)生而(er)(er)(er)谋宾、介(jie)。主人(ren)(ren),谓(wei)诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)也。先(xian)生,乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中致仕者(zhe)。宾、介(jie),处士(shi)贤者(zhe)。《周礼》大(da)(da)司徒(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职:“以(yi)(yi)(yi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)三物教(jiao)万民(min)而(er)(er)(er)宾兴(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):一(yi)曰(yue)六(liu)德,知(zhi)、仁、圣、义、忠(zhong)、和;二曰(yue)六(liu)行,孝、友(you)、睦、姻、任(ren)、恤(xu);三曰(yue)六(liu)艺(yi),礼、乐、射、御(yu)、书(shu)(shu)、数。”《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)“正月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉,受法于(yu)(yu)司徒(tu),退而(er)(er)(er)颁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)吏,使各以(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)治,以(yi)(yi)(yi)考其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德行,察(cha)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道艺(yi)”,及(ji)三年大(da)(da)比,“而(er)(er)(er)兴(xing)贤者(zhe)、能者(zhe)。乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)老及(ji)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)帅其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吏与其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)众(zhong)寡(gua),以(yi)(yi)(yi)礼礼宾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。厥(jue)明,献贤能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)於(wu)王”,是礼乃三年正月(yue)而(er)(er)(er)一(yi)行也。诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),贡士(shi)於(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君,盖如此云。古者(zhe)年七十(shi)而(er)(er)(er)致仕,老於(wu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)里,大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)名曰(yue)父师,士(shi)名曰(yue)少(shao)师,而(er)(er)(er)教(jiao)学焉(yan)(yan),恒知(zhi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤者(zhe)。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)就而(er)(er)(er)谋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),贤者(zhe)为宾,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次为介(jie),又其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次为众(zhong)宾,而(er)(er)(er)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饮(yin)酒(jiu),是亦将献之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)礼礼宾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。今郡(jun)国十(shi)月(yue)行此饮(yin)酒(jiu)礼,以(yi)(yi)(yi)《党(dang)正》每(mei)岁(sui)“邦索鬼神而(er)(er)(er)祭祀,则以(yi)(yi)(yi)礼属民(min)而(er)(er)(er)饮(yin)酒(jiu)于(yu)(yu)序,以(yi)(yi)(yi)正治谓(wei)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说,然此篇无正齿位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事焉(yan)(yan)。凡乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)党(dang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)必於(wu)民(min)聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,欲见其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua),知(zhi)尚贤尊长(zhang)也。《孟子》曰(yue):“天下有达尊三,爵(jue)也、德也、齿也。”
[疏]“乡饮”至“宾介”。
○释曰:自此至“介亦如之”,论乡大夫与先生谋宾介,并戒告之仪。“主人就先生而谋宾介”者,谓乡大夫尊敬之,先就庠学者,若先生谋此二人道艺优者为宾,稍劣者为介。
○注“主人”至“齿也”。
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)、介,处士(shi)(shi)(shi)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《玉藻》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)素带,士(shi)(shi)(shi)练带,居士(shi)(shi)(shi)锦带,弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)缟(gao)带。郑(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)居士(shi)(shi)(shi)在士(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下、弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,解为(wei)道(dao)(dao)艺(yi)处士(shi)(shi)(shi),非朝廷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)处士(shi)(shi)(shi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),即(ji)《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“征唯所(suo)(suo)欲(yu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)先(xian)生君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)可也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)德(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)仕者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)未仕,有(you)(you)德(de)(de)(de)(de)自处,故名(ming)(ming)处士(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),义取乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴(xing)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)能(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)言也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《周礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》”至(zhi)(zhi)“书(shu)(shu)数(shu)(shu)”,并(bing)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)司(si)徒(tu)职》文(wen)(wen)。故彼(bi)郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“物(wu)犹事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。兴(xing)犹举(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。民(min)(min)(min)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)事(shi)教(jiao)成(cheng),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)举(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)能(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)客之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),既则(ze)献其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)书(shu)(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)矣(yi)。知,明於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)事(shi);仁,爱人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)物(wu);圣,通而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)先(xian)识;义,能(neng)断时宜(yi);忠,言以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中心;和,不(bu)(bu)刚不(bu)(bu)柔。善於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)父(fu)母为(wei)孝;善於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)兄弟(di)(di)为(wei)友;睦(mu),亲(qin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)九族(zu);姻(yin),亲(qin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)外亲(qin);任(ren),信(xin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)友道(dao)(dao);恤,振(zhen)忧贫者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。礼(li)(li)(li)(li),五礼(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义;乐,六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)乐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌舞;射,五射之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa);御,五御之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节;书(shu)(shu),六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品;数(shu)(shu),九数(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)计。”引(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)司(si)徒(tu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)兼诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)司(si)徒(tu),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)教(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)物(wu),教(jiao)成(cheng)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)客,兴(xing)举(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)》”已下至(zhi)(zhi)“於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)”,并(bing)《周礼(li)(li)(li)(li)·地官·乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)职》文(wen)(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉”,谓(wei)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)朔日也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“受法(fa)(fa)(fa)于(yu)司(si)徒(tu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)皆於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)司(si)徒(tu)处受三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)物(wu),教(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)举(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“退而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)颁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)吏,使(shi)(shi)各以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)治”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),吏即(ji)州长(zhang)、党(dang)(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、族(zu)师、闾(lv)胥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)考(kao)(kao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),察(cha)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)艺(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),德(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即(ji)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)、六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),道(dao)(dao)艺(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)谓(wei)民(min)(min)(min)中有(you)(you)道(dao)(dao)艺(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),考(kao)(kao)察(cha)知其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)优(you)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),拟举(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“及(ji)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)比(bi)(bi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)兴(xing)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、能(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)比(bi)(bi)谓(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)案(an)(an)比(bi)(bi)户口之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)兴(xing)举(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),贤(xian)(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)即(ji)德(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),能(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)即(ji)道(dao)(dao)艺(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)老”,谓(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)公二(er)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)公一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“及(ji)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)帅其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吏”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)帅其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)吏、州长(zhang)已下。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“与(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)众寡”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)举(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“厥(jue)明,献贤(xian)(xian)(xian)能(neng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),今日行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),至(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)明日,献此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)能(neng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)于(yu)王(wang),王(wang)再拜(bai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),登于(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)府也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)乃三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)一(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见(jian)彼(bi)是(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)法(fa)(fa)(fa),诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)无(wu)文(wen)(wen),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)约之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun),盖亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)如此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”。但(dan)无(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“盖”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)年(nian)(nian)(nian)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”至(zhi)(zhi)“学(xue)(xue)焉”,案(an)(an)《略说(shuo)(shuo)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)致仕,老於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)里,名(ming)(ming)曰父(fu)师,士(shi)(shi)(shi)曰少师,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)门塾(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)焉”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“贤(xian)(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次为(wei)介,又(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次为(wei)众宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)与(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。是(shi)(shi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)将献之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)据(ju)(ju)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)如天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)(fa),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若据(ju)(ju)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)介与(yu)(yu)(yu)众宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)不(bu)(bu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi),但(dan)立(li)介与(yu)(yu)(yu)众宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin),辅宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),待后(hou)年(nian)(nian)(nian)还以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。案(an)(an)《射义》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制,诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)岁(sui)献贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)”,注(zhu)引(yin)旧(jiu)说(shuo)(shuo)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),次国(guo)(guo)(guo)二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),小国(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),次国(guo)(guo)(guo)二(er)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),小国(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),所(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)。则(ze)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)送(song)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)至(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)所(suo)(suo),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)遂(sui),数(shu)(shu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),并(bing)有(you)(you)公邑(yi)(yi)、采地,皆有(you)(you)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)能(neng)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)数(shu)(shu)同(tong)。不(bu)(bu)言遂(sui)与(yu)(yu)(yu)公邑(yi)(yi)、采地所(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),盖当(dang)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)送(song)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)至(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)所(suo)(suo),君(jun)又(you)总校德(de)(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)小,取以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),纵取乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)外,仍准乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)数(shu)(shu)为(wei)定。乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)虽行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)客之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)君(jun),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)简(jian)讫,仍更行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)。是(shi)(shi)《易·观》“盥而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)荐”,郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun),必以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”唯主人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)观而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)献宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)盥而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酢主人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),设荐俎则(ze)弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)及(ji)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)皆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“今郡(jun)国(guo)(guo)(guo)”至(zhi)(zhi)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)然”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)欲(yu)解此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa),彼(bi)汉(han)时所(suo)(suo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齿位(wei)(wei)(wei),与(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。汉(han)时已罢诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)郡(jun),郡(jun)有(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)守,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)封王(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、母弟(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)仍为(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)郡(jun)国(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《党(dang)(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》每(mei)岁(sui)邦索(suo)(suo)鬼(gui)神而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)祭(ji)祀”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)·郊特(te)牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“蜡(la)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),索(suo)(suo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),岁(sui)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue),合聚(ju)(ju)万(wan)物(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)索(suo)(suo)飨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”周谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue),即(ji)夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue),农功毕而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)蜡(la)祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“则(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)属(shu)民(min)(min)(min)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)于(yu)序(xu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齿位(wei)(wei)(wei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),属(shu),聚(ju)(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),谓(wei)当(dang)蜡(la)祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue),党(dang)(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)序(xu)学(xue)(xue)中,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)时务农,将阙於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)时农隙,故行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齿位(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)。则(ze)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)·乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)义》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)坐,五十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)立(li)侍。六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)豆,七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)四豆,八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五豆,九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豆。年(nian)(nian)(nian)长(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在上。”是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齿位(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)然”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),汉(han)时十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),取此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)党(dang)(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)然与(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)篇(pian)《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)篇(pian)无(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齿位(wei)(wei)(wei)焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)篇(pian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)本而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),无(wu)党(dang)(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齿位(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)党(dang)(dang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)必於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)民(min)(min)(min)聚(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)必於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)比(bi)(bi)民(min)(min)(min)聚(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,党(dang)(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蜡(la)民(min)(min)(min)聚(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)皆“欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)见(jian)化,知尚(shang)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)尊长(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),尚(shang)贤(xian)(xian)(xian),据(ju)(ju)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)篇(pian)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu);尊长(zhang),据(ju)(ju)《党(dang)(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)党(dang)(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)临观行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),或乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)居此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)党(dang)(dang)内,则(ze)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《孟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《孟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)·公孙丑》篇(pian):齐(qi)王(wang)召(zhao),孟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)肯朝,后(hou)不(bu)(bu)得(de)已而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。宿(su)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)景丑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家,景子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)讥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:礼(li)(li)(li)(li)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“父(fu)召(zhao),无(wu)诺(nuo);君(jun)召(zhao),不(bu)(bu)俟驾而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”。固将朝矣(yi)。闻君(jun)命而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)遂(sui)不(bu)(bu)果,宜(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)若不(bu)(bu)相似然。对曰:“天(tian)(tian)(tian)下有(you)(you)达(da)尊三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san),爵也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),德(de)(de)(de)(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),齿也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。朝廷莫(mo)如爵,乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)党(dang)(dang)莫(mo)如齿,辅世(shi)长(zhang)民(min)(min)(min)莫(mo)如德(de)(de)(de)(de)。恶有(you)(you)得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)慢其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)二(er)哉”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)尚(shang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),党(dang)(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)尊长(zhang)尚(shang)齿也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。爵则(ze)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)无(wu)所(suo)(suo)当(dang),连引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。
主(zhu)人戒宾(bin),宾(bin)拜(bai)辱(ru)。主(zhu)人答(da)拜(bai),乃请宾(bin),宾(bin)礼(li)辞,许。主(zhu)人再(zai)拜(bai),宾(bin)答(da)拜(bai)。戒,警也(ye),告也(ye)。拜(bai)辱(ru),出拜(bai)其自屈辱(ru)至己门也(ye)。请,告以其所(suo)为来(lai)之事。不固辞者,素所(suo)有志。
[疏]“主人”至“答拜”。
○注“戒警”至“有志”。
○释(shi)曰:云“拜(bai)辱(ru),出拜(bai)其自(zi)屈辱(ru)至己门(men)也”者(zhe),知宾(bin)(bin)出门(men)者(zhe),见《冠礼》主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)宿(su)宾(bin)(bin),宾(bin)(bin)出门(men)左(zuo),《乡(xiang)射》戒宾(bin)(bin)亦出门(men),故(gu)(gu)知此亦出门(men)。云“所(suo)为(wei)来之(zhi)事”者(zhe),谓行乡(xiang)饮酒之(zhi)礼也。云“不固辞(ci)者(zhe),素(su)所(suo)有志”者(zhe),不如(ru)《士相(xiang)见》固辞(ci),此礼辞(ci)即(ji)许者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)与先(xian)生谋时(shi),宾(bin)(bin)已知欲(yu)贡己,又宾(bin)(bin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)学习德业,拟为(wei)宾(bin)(bin)主(zhu)(zhu)情意相(xiang)许,是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不固辞(ci),为(wei)素(su)有志也。案《冠礼》主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)先(xian)拜(bai),宾(bin)(bin)答拜(bai),此宾(bin)(bin)先(xian)拜(bai),主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)答拜(bai)者(zhe),彼《冠礼》主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)戒同(tong)寮(liao)(liao),同(tong)寮(liao)(liao)尊(zun)(zun),又使之(zhi)加冠於子,尊(zun)(zun)重之(zhi),故(gu)(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)先(xian)拜(bai)。此则(ze)乡(xiang)大夫尊(zun)(zun)矣,宾(bin)(bin)是乡(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),卑矣。又将贡己,尊(zun)(zun)敬(jing)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),故(gu)(gu)宾(bin)(bin)先(xian)拜(bai)辱(ru)也。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下注云“去又拜(bai)辱(ru)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)送谢之(zhi)”也。
主(zhu)人退,宾(bin)拜(bai)辱。退犹去也(ye)。去又拜(bai)辱者,以送谢(xie)之。
介亦如之(zhi)。如戒(jie)宾(bin)也。
[疏]“介亦如之”。
○注“如戒宾也”。
○释曰:言(yan)“如(ru)戒(jie)(jie)宾(bin)(bin)”者,亦如(ru)上主人戒(jie)(jie)宾(bin)(bin)已(yi)下、宾(bin)(bin)拜辱已(yi)上之事。谋宾(bin)(bin)介(jie)(jie)及(ji)戒(jie)(jie)亦言(yan)宾(bin)(bin)介(jie)(jie),意不(bu)言(yan)众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin),众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)德劣,但(dan)谋介(jie)(jie)时(shi)虽不(bu)言(yan)众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin),亦当谋之,故上注兼(jian)言(yan)其次为(wei)众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)。至(zhi)於戒(jie)(jie)速(su)之日必(bi)当遣人戒(jie)(jie)速(su),使知但(dan)略而(er)(er)不(bu)言(yan),故下云“宾(bin)(bin)及(ji)众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)皆从之”是也。《乡饮酒义》云:“主人亲(qin)速(su)宾(bin)(bin)及(ji)介(jie)(jie),而(er)(er)众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)自从之。”亦据不(bu)得主人戒(jie)(jie)速(su)而(er)(er)为(wei)自从也。
乃席(xi)(xi)宾、主(zhu)(zhu)人、介(jie)。席(xi)(xi),敷席(xi)(xi)也。夙兴往戒(jie),归(gui)而敷席(xi)(xi)。宾席(xi)(xi)牖前,南面(mian)(mian)。主(zhu)(zhu)人席(xi)(xi)阼阶上,西(xi)面(mian)(mian)。介(jie)席(xi)(xi)西(xi)阶上,东面(mian)(mian)。
[疏]“乃席宾主人介”。
○注“席敷”至“东面”。
○释曰:知夙兴往戒归而敷(fu)席,不别日者(zhe)(zhe),下记云(yun):“乡(xiang),朝服(fu)而谋宾、介(jie)(jie),皆使能,而不宿戒。”是同日也(ye)。郑知宾、介(jie)(jie)与主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)席位如此者(zhe)(zhe),案《乡(xiang)饮(yin)酒义》云(yun):“主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)尊宾,故坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)宾於西(xi)(xi)北,而坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)介(jie)(jie)於西(xi)(xi)南以(yi)辅(fu)宾。宾者(zhe)(zhe),接人(ren)以(yi)义者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye),故坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)於西(xi)(xi)北。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),接人(ren)以(yi)仁,以(yi)德(de)厚者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye),故坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)於东(dong)(dong)南。而坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)僎於东(dong)(dong)北,以(yi)辅(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)也(ye)。”又云(yun):“宾必(bi)南面,介(jie)(jie)必(bi)东(dong)(dong)乡(xiang),介(jie)(jie)宾主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)。”《乡(xiang)射》云(yun):“乃席宾,南面,席主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)于阼阶(jie)上,西(xi)(xi)面。”以(yi)此,故知宾主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)及介(jie)(jie)其位然也(ye)。
众宾之席(xi),皆(jie)(jie)不属(shu)焉。席(xi)众宾於(wu)宾席(xi)之西。不属(shu)者(zhe),不相续也,皆(jie)(jie)独(du)坐(zuo),明其德各(ge)特。
[疏]“众宾”至“属焉”。
○注“席众”至“各特”。
○释曰(yue):郑知众(zhong)宾席在宾席之(zhi)西(xi)者,见《乡(xiang)射》云:“席宾,南面,东上。众(zhong)宾之(zhi)席,继(ji)而西(xi)。”此(ci)众(zhong)宾之(zhi)席亦当(dang)然(ran),但此(ci)不(bu)属(shu)为异耳。云“皆独坐,明其德(de)各特”者,《乡(xiang)射》注云:“言继(ji)者,甫欲习众(zhong)庶(shu),未有所殊(shu)别。”此(ci)乃特贡(gong)於君,故众(zhong)宾之(zhi)席皆不(bu)属(shu)焉。明三物已久,其德(de)各特,故不(bu)属(shu)续(xu)其席。虽不(bu)属(shu),犹(you)统宾为位,同(tong)南面也。
尊两壶于房户(hu)閒,斯(si)禁(jin)。有玄酒,在(zai)西。设(she)篚于禁(jin)南(nan),东肆,加二勺(shao)于两壶。斯(si)禁(jin),禁(jin)切地无足者。玄酒在(zai)西,上也(ye)。肆,陈也(ye)。
[疏]“尊两”至“两壶”。
○注“斯禁”至“陈也”。
○释曰:凡设(she)尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)法,但醴(li)(li)尊(zun)见(jian)(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)质,皆在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)房(fang)内,故《士(shi)(shi)冠(guan)礼(li)(li)》礼(li)(li)子(zi)、《婚(hun)礼(li)(li)》礼(li)(li)妇(fu),醴(li)(li)皆在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)房(fang)隐处(chu)。若然,《聘礼(li)(li)》礼(li)(li)宾(bin)尊(zun)於(wu)(wu)东(dong)(dong)厢、不在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)房(fang)者(zhe),见(jian)(jian)尊(zun)欲与(yu)卑(bei)者(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)礼(li)(li),相变之(zhi)(zhi)法。设(she)酒之(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun),皆於(wu)(wu)显处(chu)见(jian)(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)文,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)此及醮子(zi)与(yu)《乡射》、《特(te)牲(sheng)》、《少(shao)牢》、《有(you)司彻》皆在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)房(fang)户之(zhi)(zhi)閒(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《燕礼(li)(li)》、《大(da)(da)射》尊(zun),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)东(dong)(dong)楹(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)者(zhe),君尊(zun)专大(da)(da)惠也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“设(she)篚于(yu)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)南,东(dong)(dong)肆”者(zhe),言(yan)东(dong)(dong)肆以(yi)头(tou)首为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)记,从西(xi)向东(dong)(dong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)肆,则(ze)大(da)(da)头(tou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)西(xi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“斯禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)切(qie)地无(wu)足(zu)(zu)”者(zhe),斯,澌也(ye)(ye),澌尽之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming),故知切(qie)地无(wu)足(zu)(zu)。《昏(hun)(hun)礼(li)(li)》、《冠(guan)礼(li)(li)》皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)者(zhe),士(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)以(yi)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)戒为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming),卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)并有(you)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)名(ming)(ming),故郑以(yi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)双(shuang)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)《玉藻》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)侧尊(zun)用(yong)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),士(shi)(shi)侧尊(zun)用(yong)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),斯禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)也(ye)(ye),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)异也(ye)(ye)。”《礼(li)(li)器(qi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),斯禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)也(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe),无(wu)足(zu)(zu),有(you)似於(wu)(wu)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),或因名(ming)(ming)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)耳。大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)用(yong)斯禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),士(shi)(shi)用(yong)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。”然则(ze)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)名(ming)(ming),言(yan)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)义称(cheng)。故《礼(li)(li)器(qi)》大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)裛名(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。案《特(te)牲(sheng)礼(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“实(shi)兽於(wu)(wu)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)制,如今大(da)(da)木舆矣。”则(ze)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)舆,非(fei)承尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu),以(yi)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)与(yu)斯禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),无(wu)足(zu)(zu)似舆,故世人(ren)名(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。若然,周公制礼(li)(li),《少(shao)牢》名(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),则(ze)以(yi)周公为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)世人(ren),或有(you)本无(wu)“世人(ren)”字者(zhe),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)《少(shao)牢》不名(ming)(ming)斯禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),取不为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)酒戒。《特(te)牲(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“壶(hu)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)东(dong)(dong)序”,记云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“壶(hu)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)馔于(yu)东(dong)(dong)序”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)言(yan)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe),祭尚厌饫,得与(yu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)同(tong)器(qi),不为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)神戒也(ye)(ye)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)不用(yong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),不敢(gan)与(yu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)同(tong)名(ming)(ming)斯禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。作(zuo)记解注,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)士(shi)(shi)用(yong)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),明与(yu)《少(shao)牢》棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)。若然,士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)斯禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),名(ming)(ming)虽异,其(qi)(qi)(qi)形同(tong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)《礼(li)(li)器(qi)》同(tong)名(ming)(ming)棜(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀《士(shi)(shi)冠(guan)》、《昏(hun)(hun)礼(li)(li)》礼(li)(li)宾(bin)用(yong)醴(li)(li),不饮,故无(wu)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),不为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)酒戒。若天(tian)子(zi)诸(zhu)侯承尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)丰,上(shang)有(you)舟,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)与(yu)卑(bei)异号(hao)也(ye)(ye)。
设(she)洗(xi)(xi)于阼阶东南(nan),南(nan)北以堂深,东西当东荣(rong)。水在洗(xi)(xi)东,篚在洗(xi)(xi)西,南(nan)肆。荣(rong),屋翼。
[疏]“设洗”至“南肆”。
○注“荣屋翼”。
○释曰:云(yun)“南北(bei)以堂(tang)深(shen)(shen)”者,堂(tang)深(shen)(shen),谓从堂(tang)廉(lian)北(bei)至房(fang)室之壁堂(tang)下,洗北(bei)去(qu)堂(tang)远(yuan)近(jin)深(shen)(shen)浅(qian)(qian)取於堂(tang)上(shang)深(shen)(shen)浅(qian)(qian)。假(jia)令堂(tang)深(shen)(shen)二(er)丈,洗亦去(qu)堂(tang)二(er)丈,以此为(wei)度(du)。云(yun)“荣,屋(wu)翼(yi)”者,荣在屋(wu)栋(dong)两头,与屋(wu)为(wei)翼(yi),若(ruo)鸟(niao)之有翼(yi),故《斯干》诗美宣王之室云(yun):“如鸟(niao)斯革,如翚斯飞。”与屋(wu)为(wei)荣,故云(yun)荣也。
羹定。肉谓之羹。定犹(you)孰也。
[疏]“羹定”。
○注“肉谓”至“孰也”。
○释曰:云(yun)“肉谓(wei)之羹”者,《尔(er)雅(ya)》文。言肉,正谓(wei)其狗。孰云(yun)定(ding)者,孰即定(ding)止然,故以(yi)定(ding)言之。言此者,以(yi)与(yu)速(su)宾(bin)时节(jie)为限(xian),不敢烦劳宾(bin),故限(xian)之也。
主(zhu)人速宾,宾拜辱(ru),主(zhu)人答(da)拜,还,宾拜辱(ru)。速,召也。还犹退。
[疏]“主人”至“拜辱”。
○释曰:自(zi)此(ci)至“皆从之(zhi)(zhi)”,论主(zhu)(zhu)人往宾(bin)(bin)(bin)门召(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)来之(zhi)(zhi)事。案(an)《乡射》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“主(zhu)(zhu)人朝(chao)服(fu),乃(nai)速(su)(su)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)。宾(bin)(bin)(bin)朝(chao)服(fu)出迎(ying),再(zai)拜。”彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)乃(nai)速(su)(su)宾(bin)(bin)(bin),此(ci)不云(yun)(yun)(yun)主(zhu)(zhu)人乃(nai)者,彼戒速(su)(su)别服(fu),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)乃(nai)以閒之(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)戒速(su)(su),虽与(yu)彼同,但此(ci)戒速(su)(su)同服(fu),故不云(yun)(yun)(yun)乃(nai)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“主(zhu)(zhu)答拜,还(hai),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)拜辱(ru)”,案(an)《聘礼》云(yun)(yun)(yun)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)入(ru)境,至近郊,使(shi)下大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)至宾(bin)(bin)(bin)馆(guan),下大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)遂(sui)以宾(bin)(bin)(bin)入(ru)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)送(song),不拜。又(you)《公食大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)礼》使(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)戒宾(bin)(bin)(bin),“大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)还(hai),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)不拜送(song),遂(sui)从之(zhi)(zhi)”,郑注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“不拜送(song)者,为(wei)从之(zhi)(zhi)不终事。”皆不拜送(song)。此(ci)独拜送(song)者,亦是(shi)乡大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)尊,宾(bin)(bin)(bin)卑(bei),又(you)拟(ni)贡,故特拜辱(ru)而送(song)之(zhi)(zhi),异於馀者。介亦如之(zhi)(zhi)。如速(su)(su)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)也。
宾及众宾皆从之。从犹随也。言及众空,介亦在其(qi)中(zhong)矣。
[疏]“宾及”至“从之”。
○注“从犹”至“中矣”。
○释曰:郑云“言及众宾,介亦在其中(zhong)矣”者,上文戒(jie)及速皆言宾与介,不言众宾,及从主人(ren)来,即言宾及众宾,众宾不戒(jie)不速,尚从主人(ren),则介在从主人(ren)可(ke)知也(ye)。
主(zhu)人一相迎于(yu)门外,再拜宾,宾答拜,拜介,介答拜。相,主(zhu)人之吏,摈赞传命者。
[疏]“主人”至“答拜”。
○注“相主”至“命者”。
○释(shi)曰:自此(ci)至“答再(zai)拜(bai)”,论主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)迎宾(bin)入,升堂并(bing)拜(bai)至之(zhi)事。云“主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)一(yi)(yi)相(xiang)迎于(yu)门(men)外(wai)”者,谓主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)於群吏(li)中(zhong)立一(yi)(yi)相(xiang),使(shi)传宾(bin)主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)命。主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)乃(nai)自出迎宾(bin)於大(da)门(men)外(wai),必(bi)非一(yi)(yi)相(xiang)迎宾(bin)者,案《乡饮(yin)酒(jiu)义》云“主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)拜(bai)迎宾(bin)于(yu)庠门(men)之(zhi)外(wai)”,明主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)自迎。若(ruo)然,主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)辄言一(yi)(yi)相(xiang)者,欲见使(shi)一(yi)(yi)相(xiang)传命,乃(nai)迎,故(gu)(gu)云“相(xiang)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)之(zhi)吏(li),摈(bin)赞传命者”也。若(ruo)然,《士相(xiang)见》注(zhu)“异日则拜(bai)迎,同日不拜(bai)迎”者,彼以挚相(xiang)见法,此(ci)自以宾(bin)举贤能,故(gu)(gu)与彼异也。
揖众宾。差益(yi)卑也(ye),拜介、揖众宾,皆(jie)西南面。
[疏]“揖众宾”。
○注“差益”至“南面”。
○释曰(yue):云“差益(yi)卑(bei)”者,以上文主(zhu)人迎宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)而(er)拜介(jie)(jie),是(shi)介(jie)(jie)差卑(bei)於宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)。今於众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)不拜,直揖(yi)之而(er)已,故云差益(yi)卑(bei)也(ye)。知(zhi)拜介(jie)(jie)揖(yi)众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)皆西南(nan)面者,以其宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)、介(jie)(jie)、众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)立位在(zai)门外,位以北为(wei)上,主(zhu)人与(yu)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)正东西相当,则介(jie)(jie)与(yu)众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)差在(zai)南(nan)东面明。知(zhi)主(zhu)人正西面拜宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin),则侧身(shen)向西南(nan)拜介(jie)(jie)、揖(yi)众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)矣。
主人揖,先入。揖,揖宾也。先入门而西面。
[疏]“主人揖先入”。
○注“揖揖”至“西面”。
○释(shi)曰:此(ci)乡(xiang)大夫行乡(xiang)饮酒在庠(xiang)学,唯(wei)有一门(men)(men),即向(xiang)阶,门(men)(men)内既有三揖,故(gu)主人导宾,揖而先(xian)入门(men)(men),至内霤西向(xiang)待宾也。
宾厌(yan)介(jie),入(ru)(ru)门(men)(men)左(zuo)(zuo)。介(jie)厌(yan)众宾,入(ru)(ru),众宾皆(jie)入(ru)(ru)门(men)(men)左(zuo)(zuo),北上。皆(jie)入(ru)(ru)门(men)(men)西,东(dong)面(mian),宾之属(shu)相厌(yan),变於主人也。推手曰揖,引(yin)手曰厌(yan),今文皆(jie)作揖。又曰众宾皆(jie)入(ru)(ru)左(zuo)(zuo),无门(men)(men)。
[疏]“宾厌”至“北上”。
○注“皆入”至“无门”。
○释曰(yue):主人入(ru)(ru)后,宾(bin)(bin)乃厌(yan)介,介厌(yan)众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin),相(xiang)随入(ru)(ru)门,皆(jie)东面北上定位(wei)。宾(bin)(bin)既北上,主人西面相(xiang)向(xiang),揖(yi)(yi)(yi)讫乃相(xiang)背,各(ge)向(xiang)堂涂(tu),介与(yu)众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)亦(yi)随宾(bin)(bin)至西阶下(xia)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“宾(bin)(bin)之属,相(xiang)厌(yan)变於(wu)主人也(ye)”者(zhe),以宾(bin)(bin)与(yu)介、众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)等(deng)自用引(yin)(yin)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)而(er)入(ru)(ru),故不揖(yi)(yi)(yi),是变於(wu)主人也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)揖(yi)(yi)(yi),引(yin)(yin)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)曰(yue)厌(yan)”者(zhe),厌(yan)字(zi)或作撎字(zi)者(zhe),古字(zi)义亦(yi)通(tong)(tong)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)揖(yi)(yi)(yi)”者(zhe),案(an)《周礼(li)·司仪》云(yun)(yun):“士揖(yi)(yi)(yi)庶姓,时揖(yi)(yi)(yi)异姓,天揖(yi)(yi)(yi)同姓。”郑(zheng)以推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)小下(xia)之为士揖(yi)(yi)(yi),平推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)为时揖(yi)(yi)(yi),推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)小举之为天揖(yi)(yi)(yi),皆(jie)以推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)为揖(yi)(yi)(yi)。又案(an)僖二年《公羊传》:“荀息进曰(yue):虞(yu)、郭见与(yu)?献(xian)公揖(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)进之。”何休(xiu)云(yun)(yun):“以手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)通(tong)(tong)指曰(yue)揖(yi)(yi)(yi)。”与(yu)此别者(zhe),推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)解其厌(yan)状,通(tong)(tong)指道其揖(yi)(yi)(yi)意也(ye)。郑(zheng)则解揖(yi)(yi)(yi)体,何氏(shi)释其揖(yi)(yi)(yi)意,相(xiang)兼(jian)乃足也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“引(yin)(yin)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)曰(yue)厌(yan)”者(zhe),以手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)向(xiang)身引(yin)(yin)之。云(yun)(yun)“今文皆(jie)作揖(yi)(yi)(yi)”者(zhe),郑(zheng)不从也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“又曰(yue)众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)皆(jie)入(ru)(ru)门左,无(wu)门”,亦(yi)不从也(ye)。
主(zhu)(zhu)人与宾(bin)(bin)三(san)揖(yi),至(zhi)于阶,三(san)让。主(zhu)(zhu)人升,宾(bin)(bin)升。主(zhu)(zhu)人阼阶上当(dang)楣北面(mian)再拜(bai)。宾(bin)(bin)西阶上当(dang)楣北面(mian)答拜(bai)。三(san)揖(yi)者(zhe),将(jiang)进(jin)揖(yi),当(dang)陈揖(yi),当(dang)碑揖(yi)。楣,前梁也(ye)。复拜(bai),拜(bai)宾(bin)(bin)至(zhi)此(ci)堂,尊之。
[疏]“主人”至“答拜”。
○注“三揖”至“尊之”。
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)“三(san)让,主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)升(sheng)(sheng)”者(zhe),主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)先(xian)升(sheng)(sheng),宾(bin)后升(sheng)(sheng),故《乡(xiang)射》云(yun)“主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)升(sheng)(sheng)一等(deng),宾(bin)升(sheng)(sheng)”是也。云(yun)“三(san)揖者(zhe),将(jiang)进揖,当(dang)(dang)陈(chen)(chen)揖,当(dang)(dang)碑揖”者(zhe),《尔雅》“陈(chen)(chen),堂(tang)涂(tu)也”。云(yun)“楣(mei)(mei),前梁也”者(zhe),对后梁为室户上。云(yun)“复(fu)拜(bai)(bai),宾(bin)至(zhi)(zhi)此堂(tang),尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),案《公食礼》云(yun):“公升(sheng)(sheng)二等(deng),宾(bin)升(sheng)(sheng)。”公当(dang)(dang)楣(mei)(mei)北乡(xiang),至(zhi)(zhi)再拜(bai)(bai)。《燕(yan)礼》、《大(da)射》皆(jie)云(yun)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)升(sheng)(sheng)自西阶,宾(bin)右至(zhi)(zhi),再拜(bai)(bai)。《乡(xiang)饮酒义》亦云(yun)“拜(bai)(bai)至(zhi)(zhi)拜(bai)(bai)洗”,皆(jie)不云(yun)至(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),略之(zhi)(zhi)。是知此升(sheng)(sheng)堂(tang)拜(bai)(bai)亦是拜(bai)(bai)至(zhi)(zhi)。可知凡拜(bai)(bai)至(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),皆(jie)是尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)也。
主人坐取爵于篚(fei),降洗。将献宾(bin)也。
[疏]“主人”至“降洗”。
○注“将献宾也”。
○释曰(yue):自此至(zhi)“主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)阼(zuo)阶上答(da)拜(bai)”,论主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)盥(guan)洗献宾之(zhi)节也。云“主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)坐取(qu)爵于(yu)篚(fei)(fei)”者,篚(fei)(fei)在堂上尊南,故取(qu)之(zhi)乃降也。宾降。从主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也。
主人坐奠爵于阶前,辞。重以己事烦宾也。事同曰(yue)让(rang),事异曰(yue)辞。
[疏]注“重以”至“曰辞”。
○释曰:主(zhu)人献宾(bin),乃是(shi)主(zhu)人事,故云(yun)“重(zhong)以己事烦(fan)宾(bin)也”。云(yun)“事同(tong)曰让(rang),事异曰辞(ci)(ci)(ci)”者,事同(tong),谓(wei)若上文(wen)(wen)主(zhu)人与宾(bin)俱升(sheng)阶(jie),而云(yun)三(san)(san)让(rang)是(shi)也;事异,若此(ci)文(wen)(wen)主(zhu)人有事,宾(bin)无事,是(shi)事异则曰辞(ci)(ci)(ci)。此(ci)对文(wen)(wen)为义,若散文(wen)(wen)则通。是(shi)以《周礼·司仪》云(yun):“主(zhu)君(jun)郊劳(lao),交摈,三(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci),车逆,拜辱,三(san)(san)揖,三(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci),拜受。”注云(yun):“三(san)(san)辞(ci)(ci)(ci),重(zhong)者先(xian)辞(ci)(ci)(ci),辞(ci)(ci)(ci)其以礼来(lai)於外,后辞(ci)(ci)(ci),辞(ci)(ci)(ci)升(sheng)堂。”事同(tong)而云(yun)辞(ci)(ci)(ci),是(shi)其通也。
宾对。对,答也。宾主(zhu)之辞(ci)未闻。
[疏]注“宾主之辞未闻”。
○释曰(yue):其辞未闻者,谓若《冠礼》醮辞之(zhi)等,虽行(xing)事(shi),辞不见,於后以次见辞。此(ci)则无(wu)见辞之(zhi)事(shi),故云“未闻”也。
主人(ren)坐取爵(jue),兴,適(shi)洗,南(nan)面坐,奠(dian)爵(jue)于篚(fei)下(xia),盥(guan)洗。已(yi)盥(guan)乃洗爵(jue),致絜敬也。今文无奠(dian)。
[疏]“主人”至“盥洗”。
○注“已盥”至“无奠”。
○释曰:案《乡饮(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)义》云:“主人(ren)盥洗扬觯,所(suo)(suo)以致(zhi)(zhi)絜(xie)也(ye)(ye)。拜(bai)(bai)至(zhi),拜(bai)(bai)洗,拜(bai)(bai)受,拜(bai)(bai)送,所(suo)(suo)以致(zhi)(zhi)敬(jing)(jing)也(ye)(ye)。”此经(jing)先言盥、后言洗,则(ze)盥手乃(nai)洗爵(jue)者(zhe),所(suo)(suo)以致(zhi)(zhi)絜(xie),郑取《乡饮(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)义》为言也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然盥手、洗爵(jue),止是致(zhi)(zhi)絜(xie),拜(bai)(bai)受之等乃(nai)是致(zhi)(zhi)敬(jing)(jing),并(bing)言敬(jing)(jing)者(zhe),郑注兼拜(bai)(bai)至(zhi)、拜(bai)(bai)受而言耳。
宾进(jin),东(dong)北面,辞洗。必进(jin)东(dong)行(xing),示情(qing)。
[疏]“宾进东北面辞洗”。
○释曰:案下经云(yun)(yun):“宾(bin)(bin)复(fu)位,当西序,东面。”注云(yun)(yun):“言复(fu)位者,明始降时(shi),位在此(ci)者。”案《乡射》“宾(bin)(bin)进(jin)东北面,辞洗”,彼注云(yun)(yun):“必(bi)进(jin)者,方辞洗,宜违其(qi)(qi)位也。言东北面,则(ze)位南於(wu)洗矣。”是(shi)其(qi)(qi)宾(bin)(bin)初降立,至于(yu)序南东乡,至於(wu)主人洗爵(jue)乃东行,故此(ci)得北面辞洗也。云(yun)(yun)“示(shi)情”者,实(shi)进(jin)前就主人示(shi)谦(qian),下主人之情也。
主人(ren)坐(zuo)奠爵于篚,兴对。宾(bin)复(fu)位(wei),当西序,东面(mian)。言(yan)复(fu)位(wei)者,明始降(jiang)时(shi)位(wei)在此。
[疏]“主人”至“东面”。
○注“言复”至“在此”。
○释曰:上(shang)(shang)经奠(dian)爵于阶前(qian)者(zhe),主人未洗,见宾(bin)降(jiang)即奠(dian)爵,故在阶前(qian)奠(dian)爵。此(ci)即至洗,将(jiang)洗爵,见宾(bin)辞,故奠(dian)爵於篚兴对,故不(bu)(bu)同(tong)也(ye)。云“言(yan)复(fu)位者(zhe),明始降(jiang)时位在此(ci)”者(zhe),上(shang)(shang)始降(jiang)时,直云宾(bin)降(jiang),不(bu)(bu)言(yan)处所,於此(ci)见之,是(shi)举下以明上(shang)(shang)之义也(ye)。
主人坐取爵(jue),沃洗者西北面。沃洗者,主人之群吏。
[疏]“主人”至“北面”。
○注“沃洗”至“群吏”。
○释曰(yue):知“主人(ren)群(qun)吏(li)”者,下记云:“主人(ren)之(zhi)赞者,西(xi)面北上,不与。”注云:“赞,佐也。谓主人(ren)之(zhi)属,佐助主人(ren)之(zhi)礼事,彻鼏,沃盥,设荐俎(zu)。”是也。
卒(zu)洗,主人壹(yi)揖(yi)、壹(yi)让(rang),升。俱(ju)升。古文一作壹(yi)。
[疏]“卒洗”至“让升”。
○注“俱升”。
○释曰:知“俱(ju)升(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe),《乡射(she)》云:“主人卒洗,一(yi)揖(yi)一(yi)让,以(yi)宾(bin)升(sheng)。”明俱(ju)升(sheng)可知。若然,上文主人先(xian)升(sheng),宾(bin)乃升(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)初至之(zhi)时,宾(bin)客(ke)之(zhi)道进宜难,故(gu)主人升(sheng)导(dao)之(zhi),至此(ci)以(yi)辞让讫,故(gu)略(lve)威仪(yi)而俱(ju)升(sheng)也(ye)。
宾拜(bai)洗。主人坐奠爵(jue),遂拜(bai),降盥。复盥,为手(shou)坋汙。
[疏]“宾拜”至“降盥”。
○注“复盥为手坋汙”。
○释曰:言“奠爵,遂(sui)拜”者(zhe),因事曰遂(sui),是以《燕礼》云(yun):宾受酬(chou),“坐祭酒,遂(sui)奠于荐东”,注(zhu)云(yun):“遂(sui)者(zhe),因坐而奠,不北面。”是其类(lei)也。凡宾主行(xing)事,相报皆言答,此不言答,省文(wen)也。
宾降(jiang),主(zhu)人辞,宾对,复位,当西序。卒盥(guan),揖让升。宾西阶(jie)上(shang)疑(yi)立。疑(yi),读为疑(yi)然从於(wu)赵盾之疑(yi)。疑(yi),正立自定之貌(mao)。
[疏]“宾降”至“疑立”。
○注“疑读”至“之貌”。
○释(shi)曰(yue):言“揖让”升,不(bu)言一(yi)揖一(yi)让,从(cong)上可知(zhi)。云“疑(yi),读(du)为疑(yi)然从(cong)於(wu)赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)之(zhi)疑(yi)。疑(yi),正(zheng)立(li)自(zi)定之(zhi)貌”者,案(an)宣公六年《公羊传(chuan)》云:晋灵公欲杀赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun),“於(wu)是(shi)伏甲于宫中,召赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)而(er)(er)食(shi)之(zhi)。赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)之(zhi)车(che)右祁(qi)弥明(ming)者,国之(zhi)力士也(ye),仡(ge)然从(cong)乎赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)而(er)(er)入(ru),放乎堂下(xia)而(er)(er)立(li)”。何(he)(he)休(xiu)云:“仡(ge)然,壮(zhuang)勇貌。”郑(zheng)氏(shi)以(yi)“仡(ge)然从(cong)乎赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)而(er)(er)入(ru),放乎堂下(xia)而(er)(er)立(li)”,不(bu)取(qu)何(he)(he)休(xiu)注义,以(yi)《乡射》注云“疑(yi),止也(ye),有矜庄之(zhi)色(se)”,自(zi)定其义,不(bu)殊字(zi)义,与何(he)(he)少异也(ye)。
主人(ren)坐取(qu)爵,实之宾(bin)之席前,西北面献宾(bin)。献,进也,进酒於宾(bin)。
[疏]“主人”至“献宾”。
○注“献进”至“於宾”。
○释曰(yue):云“西(xi)北面”者(zhe),宾(bin)在西(xi)阶,北面,将就席(xi)受,故西(xi)北面向其(qi)席(xi)故也。宾(bin)西(xi)阶上(shang)拜,主人少退。少退,少辟。
宾进受爵,以复位。主(zhu)人(ren)阼阶(jie)上(shang)拜送爵,宾少退。复位,复西阶(jie)上(shang)位。
[疏]“宾进”至“少退”。
○释曰(yue):云“宾(bin)进”者,以宾(bin)西(xi)阶上(shang)疑立,今见主人西(xi)北(bei)面献於(wu)己席前,故(gu)宾(bin)进,将於(wu)席前受(shou)之故(gu)也(ye)。案《乡射》云“宾(bin)进,受(shou)爵於(wu)席前,复(fu)位”,此不言席前,文不具也(ye)。
荐脯醢。荐,进也。进之者,主人有司。
[疏]“荐脯醢”。
○注“荐进”至“有司”。
○释曰:知(zhi)非主(zhu)人(ren)自荐者(zhe),案《昏礼(li)》礼(li)宾“赞者(zhe)荐脯(fu)醢”,《周礼(li)·膳宰》“荐脯(fu)醢”,皆非主(zhu)人(ren),故(gu)知(zhi)此亦非主(zhu)人(ren),是有司也。
宾升(sheng)席,自西(xi)方。升(sheng)由下也,升(sheng)必中(zhong)席。
[疏]“宾升席自西方”。
○注“升由”至“中席”。
○释曰:案《曲礼》云(yun):“席南乡、北乡,以西方为(wei)(wei)上。”今升(sheng)席自西方,云(yun)“升(sheng)由下”者(zhe),以宾(bin)统於主(zhu)人,以东方为(wei)(wei)上,故以西方为(wei)(wei)升(sheng)由下也。
乃设折俎。牲体枝解节折在(zai)俎。
[疏]“乃设折俎”。
○注“牲体”至“在俎”。
○释曰(yue):凡(fan)解(jie)(jie)(jie)牲体(ti)之法(fa),有全蒸其(qi)豚,解(jie)(jie)(jie)为二十(shi)一体(ti)。体(ti)解(jie)(jie)(jie),即此折俎(zu)是也。是以下有宾俎(zu)脊、胁、肩,介俎(zu)脊、胁、肫、胳,是体(ti)解(jie)(jie)(jie)也。
主(zhu)人阼阶东(dong)疑立(li)。宾坐,左(zuo)执爵,祭脯醢。坐,坐於席。祭脯醢者以(yi)右手。
[疏]“主人”至“脯醢”。
○注“坐坐”至“右手”。
○释曰:知(zhi)宾(bin)(bin)坐坐於席上(shang)者,上(shang)文宾(bin)(bin)升席,下文降席,故知(zhi)此坐在席可知(zhi)。云“祭脯醢(hai)者以右(you)手(shou)”者,此经左执爵(jue),明祭用右(you)手(shou),是以《乡(xiang)射》亦云“右(you)祭脯醢(hai)”。
奠爵于(yu)(yu)荐西,兴,右手(shou)(shou)取肺,却左手(shou)(shou)执本,坐(zuo),弗缭,右绝(jue)末以祭,尚左手(shou)(shou),哜之(zhi)。兴,加于(yu)(yu)俎。兴,起(qi)也(ye)(ye)。肺离之(zhi)。本,端厚大者(zhe)。缭犹紾也(ye)(ye)。大夫以上(shang),威仪(yi)多。紾绝(jue)之(zhi),尚左手(shou)(shou)者(zhe),明垂紾之(zhi),乃绝(jue)其末。哜,尝也(ye)(ye)。
[疏]“奠爵”至“于俎”。
○注“兴起”至“尝也”。
○释曰:奠(dian)爵於荐右者(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)取肺(fei)(fei)奠(dian)之将举(ju),故奠(dian)於右。《礼记·少仪》云(yun)(yun)“取俎进俎,不坐”,是以(yi)(yi)取时奠(dian)爵兴(xing)(xing),至加于俎又兴(xing)(xing)也。云(yun)(yun)“肺(fei)(fei)离之。本(ben),端厚大(da)(da)”者(zhe)(zhe),此是举(ju)肺(fei)(fei)刲者(zhe)(zhe),於下记文(wen)。本(ben)谓根(gen)本(ben),肺(fei)(fei)之大(da)(da)端,故云(yun)(yun)厚大(da)(da)。云(yun)(yun)“缭(liao),犹紾也”者(zhe)(zhe),弗(fu)缭(liao)即(ji)弗(fu)紾,一也。云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)夫(fu)以(yi)(yi)上(shang),威仪多(duo)”者(zhe)(zhe),此《乡(xiang)饮酒》大(da)(da)夫(fu)礼,故云(yun)(yun)缭(liao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),《乡(xiang)射》士礼,云(yun)(yun)绝(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。但云(yun)(yun)缭(liao)必(bi)兼绝(jue),言绝(jue)不得兼缭(liao),是以(yi)(yi)此经(jing)云(yun)(yun)缭(liao)兼言绝(jue)也。言大(da)(da)夫(fu)以(yi)(yi)上(shang),则(ze)天子(zi)诸侯(hou)亦(yi)缭(liao)绝(jue)兼有,但礼篇亡(wang),无以(yi)(yi)可知也。案《周礼·大(da)(da)祝》云(yun)(yun):辨九(jiu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),“七曰绝(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),八曰缭(liao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”,注云(yun)(yun):“本(ben)同,礼多(duo)者(zhe)(zhe)缭(liao)之,礼略者(zhe)(zhe)绝(jue)则(ze)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之。”亦(yi)据此与《乡(xiang)射》而(er)言也。大(da)(da)夫(fu)已上(shang)为(wei)缭(liao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),《燕(yan)礼》、《大(da)(da)射》虽诸侯(hou)礼,以(yi)(yi)宾皆大(da)(da)夫(fu)为(wei)之,臣(chen)在君前,故不为(wei)缭(liao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),皆为(wei)绝(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也。云(yun)(yun)“哜,尝也”者(zhe)(zhe),哜至齿则(ze)尝之也。
坐捝手,遂(sui)祭酒。捝,拭也。古文捝作说。
[疏]“坐捝手遂祭酒”。
○注“捝拭”至“作说”。
○释曰:案(an)《内则》事佩之中(zhong)有帨(shui),则宾(bin)客自有帨(shui)巾以拭(shi)手也。坐捝手,因(yin)事曰遂(sui),因(yin)坐祭(ji)酒,故(gu)云遂(sui)也。案(an)《乡射(she)》“坐捝手,执(zhi)爵(jue)遂(sui)祭(ji)”,此(ci)不言执(zhi)爵(jue),省文也。
兴,席(xi)末(mo)坐啐酒(jiu)。啐亦(yi)尝也。
[疏]“兴席末坐啐酒”。
○注“啐亦尝也”。
○释(shi)曰:言(yan)“席(xi)末(mo)”,谓(wei)於席(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尾,故云(yun)末(mo)。《乡饮酒(jiu)(jiu)义》云(yun):“祭(ji)(ji)荐、祭(ji)(ji)酒(jiu)(jiu),敬礼(li)也。哜肺(fei)(fei),尝礼(li)也。啐(cui)酒(jiu)(jiu),成礼(li)也。於席(xi)末(mo),言(yan)是(shi)席(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正,非专为(wei)饮食也。此(ci)(ci)所以贵(gui)礼(li)而(er)贱财(cai)也。”注云(yun):“祭(ji)(ji)荐、祭(ji)(ji)酒(jiu)(jiu)、哜肺(fei)(fei)於席(xi)中,唯啐(cui)酒(jiu)(jiu)於席(xi)末(mo)。”是(shi)也。啐(cui)酒(jiu)(jiu)於席(xi)末(mo)者,酒(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)财(cai),贱财(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也。云(yun)“啐(cui)亦(yi)尝”者,亦(yi)前(qian)肺(fei)(fei)云(yun)哜,是(shi)至齿(chi)为(wei)尝。此(ci)(ci)酒(jiu)(jiu)云(yun)啐(cui),谓(wei)入(ru)口(kou)为(wei)尝,虽(sui)至齿(chi),入(ru)口(kou)不同,皆是(shi)尝也。又肺(fei)(fei)於前(qian)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不得言(yan)成礼(li),酒(jiu)(jiu)后乃(nai)用,故云(yun)成礼(li),异於肺(fei)(fei)也。
降席,坐(zuo)奠(dian)爵,拜(bai),告旨,执爵,兴。主人阼阶上答拜(bai)。降席,席西也。旨,美也。
[疏]“降席”至“答拜”。
○注“降席”至“美也”。
○释曰(yue):宾拜告旨,主人(ren)(ren)拜崇(chong)酒,其节同(tong),义即异矣。宾言旨,甘(gan)主人(ren)(ren)之位,啐则拜之。主人(ren)(ren)云崇(chong)者,崇(chong),充也,谢宾以酒恶相充实,饮讫,乃崇(chong)酒。先(xian)后亦同(tong)也。
宾(bin)西(xi)阶上北面(mian)坐,卒爵(jue),兴,坐奠爵(jue),遂拜(bai),执(zhi)爵(jue),兴。主人阼阶上答拜(bai)。卒,尽也。於此尽酒者,明此席非专(zhuan)为饮食起。
[疏]“宾西”至“答拜”。
○注“卒尽”至“食起”。
○释(shi)曰(yue):言“遂(sui)拜(bai)”者(zhe),亦因奠爵(jue)不起(qi),因拜(bai)也。云“於(wu)此尽酒(jiu)者(zhe),明此席(xi)非专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)为(wei)饮食(shi)(shi)起(qi)”者(zhe),但此席(xi)为(wei)宾贤能起(qi),故谓在席(xi)尽爵(jue),於(wu)此西阶上卒之(zhi)也。云“不专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)为(wei)饮食(shi)(shi)”者(zhe),啐酒(jiu)於(wu)席(xi)末,兼为(wei)饮食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)事,故以不专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)言之(zhi)也。