王连升 译注
【说明与解析】
本篇记述了卫国(guo)从建(jian)立(li)到灭亡的整(zheng)个历史(shi)。卫是周初姬姓(xing)封国(guo),其封地在今河南(nan)北(bei)部即殷(yin)墟一带。先建(jian)都朝(chao)歌,后迁楚丘,再迁帝丘。
初封时(shi),周(zhou)(zhou)公担心康叔(shu)年(nian)少,对付不了这一(yi)带复(fu)杂的(de)形(xing)势,乃作《康诰》等谆(zhun)谆(zhun)教(jiao)导之。殷(yin)朝遗民以后再(zai)(zai)无造(zao)反之迹,而卫(wei)国(guo)从西周(zhou)(zhou)末年(nian)起,中经整(zheng)个(ge)春秋(qiu)时(shi)期,贵族内部争权斗争迭起,父子相残、兄弟相杀(sha)屡屡发生,又加上齐、晋等大国(guo)的(de)直接干(gan)预,卫(wei)国(guo)变得更加不稳(wen)和脆弱。一(yi)入(ru)战国(guo),先(xian)受(shou)制于赵,再(zai)(zai)受(shou)制于魏(wei),地位一(yi)降(jiang)再(zai)(zai)降(jiang),最终灭亡于秦。
本篇振撼人(ren)心(xin)的(de)是宣(xuan)公(gong)杀害太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋和太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)异母弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)寿(shou)争死相(xiang)(xiang)让(rang)之(zhi)事。宣(xuan)公(gong)为人(ren)父、为人(ren)君,竟(jing)厚(hou)颜无耻地夺子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)妻据为己(ji)有,反倒心(xin)恶太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),直(zhi)至对太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)狠毒手(shou)。可见(jian)(jian),古代君王(wang)全(quan)权(quan)在握时,就会毫无顾忌地为所欲(yu)为以至丧心(xin)病(bing)狂。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋面对亲(qin)生父亲(qin)的(de)一系列恶行(xing)劣迹,毫无违(wei)逆之(zhi)心(xin)、抗(kang)争之(zhi)意,竟(jing)至自投罗网,束手(shou)就擒,成(cheng)为刀下(xia)鬼(gui)。由此又(you)可见(jian)(jian),封建社(she)会的(de)忠孝意识(shi)能致人(ren)于(yu)愚昧(mei)混沌之(zhi)中。而(er)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋异母弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)寿(shou)在劝告、阻止太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋无济于(yu)事后(hou),竟(jing)以死相(xiang)(xiang)让(rang),这种壮烈行(xing)为犹(you)如一道闪电,划(hua)破(po)充满(man)父子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)相(xiang)(xiang)杀、兄(xiong)弟相(xiang)(xiang)灭的(de)腥(xing)风血雨的(de)夜空。
卫国康(kang)叔(shu)名封,是周武王的(de)同母弟(di),他们还(hai)有一个(ge)名冉季的(de)弟(di)弟(di),年龄最小。
周(zhou)(zhou)武(wu)王打败(bai)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)纣(zhou)后,又把殷(yin)(yin)(yin)纣(zhou)的遗(yi)(yi)民封(feng)给(ji)纣(zhou)王的儿子武(wu)庚(geng)(geng)(geng)禄(lu)父,让他与(yu)诸侯同位,以便使其得以奉祀先祖,世代(dai)相传。因(yin)武(wu)庚(geng)(geng)(geng)还未完全顺从,武(wu)王担心(xin)武(wu)庚(geng)(geng)(geng)有(you)叛(pan)逆之心(xin),便派自己的弟(di)弟(di)管叔(shu)、蔡叔(shu)监视并(bing)辅佐武(wu)庚(geng)(geng)(geng)禄(lu)父,用以安抚百姓。武(wu)王逝世后,成王年幼(you),尚(shang)在(zai)襁褓之中(zhong)。周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)旦便代(dai)替(ti)成王主(zhu)掌国事。管叔(shu)、蔡叔(shu)怀(huai)疑周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)旦,就与(yu)武(wu)庚(geng)(geng)(geng)禄(lu)父发动叛(pan)乱,要攻(gong)打成周(zhou)(zhou)。周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)旦托成王之命组织军队讨伐殷(yin)(yin)(yin)国,杀(sha)死武(wu)庚(geng)(geng)(geng)禄(lu)父和管叔(shu),放逐(zhu)了蔡叔(shu),并(bing)把武(wu)庚(geng)(geng)(geng)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)的遗(yi)(yi)民封(feng)给(ji)康叔(shu),立他为卫国君(jun)主(zhu),居住在(zai)黄河、淇水(shui)之间,即商朝(chao)的旧都殷(yin)(yin)(yin)墟。
周公旦(dan)担(dan)忧康叔(shu)年(nian)轻,难以维持统治,于(yu)是反复告(gao)诫康叔(shu):“你一(yi)定找到殷朝(chao)有(you)(you)才德(de)、有(you)(you)威(wei)望(wang)、有(you)(you)经验的(de)(de)人(ren),向他(ta)们了(le)(le)解殷朝(chao)兴衰成败(bai)的(de)(de)历史,并务必(bi)关(guan)心爱护自己的(de)(de)百姓。”又告(gao)诫康叔(shu)纣灭亡的(de)(de)原因在于(yu)他(ta)饮酒无度,一(yi)味作乐(le),沉溺于(yu)女(nv)色(se)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,所(suo)以纣王时(shi)的(de)(de)混乱正从(cong)这里开始。周公旦(dan)还按(an)照匠(jiang)人(ren)制作木器必(bi)用(yong)规矩的(de)(de)道理,撰(zhuan)写了(le)(le)《梓(zi)材(cai)》,作为治国者用(yong)以效法的(de)(de)准(zhun)则。所(suo)以称之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为《康诰》、《酒诰》、《梓(zi)材(cai)》,并以之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教导康叔(shu)。康叔(shu)使用(yong)这些准(zhun)则治理封国,安定敦睦他(ta)的(de)(de)人(ren)民,人(ren)民非常高兴。
成王成人后(hou),亲自主(zhu)掌政权,任命康(kang)叔为周朝的司寇,把许(xu)多宝器(qi)祭器(qi)赐给(ji)他,用以表彰(zhang)康(kang)叔的德行。
康(kang)叔逝(shi)(shi)世(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),儿(er)子康(kang)伯(bo)(bo)立(li)(li)为国(guo)(guo)君(jun)。康(kang)伯(bo)(bo)逝(shi)(shi)世(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),儿(er)子考伯(bo)(bo)立(li)(li)为国(guo)(guo)君(jun)。考伯(bo)(bo)逝(shi)(shi)世(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),儿(er)子嗣伯(bo)(bo)立(li)(li)为国(guo)(guo)君(jun)。嗣伯(bo)(bo)逝(shi)(shi)世(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),儿(er)子(jié,洁)伯(bo)(bo)立(li)(li)为国(guo)(guo)君(jun)。伯(bo)(bo)逝(shi)(shi)世(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),儿(er)子靖(jing)伯(bo)(bo)立(li)(li)为国(guo)(guo)君(jun)。靖(jing)伯(bo)(bo)逝(shi)(shi)世(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),儿(er)子贞伯(bo)(bo)立(li)(li)为国(guo)(guo)君(jun)。贞伯(bo)(bo)逝(shi)(shi)世(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),儿(er)子顷(qing)侯(hou)立(li)(li)为国(guo)(guo)君(jun)。
因顷侯用厚(hou)礼贿(hui)赂周夷王,夷王便又命卫国君称(cheng)侯爵。顷侯在立为(wei)国君十二年时(shi)逝世,儿子釐侯立为(wei)国君。
釐侯十三年(前(qian)841),周(zhou)厉(li)王逃亡到彘地,由(you)召公(gong)、周(zhou)公(gong)共同掌管(guan)政(zheng)(zheng)权,号为“共和(he)”行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)。釐侯二十八(ba)年(前(qian)827),周(zhou)宣王立为天(tian)子(zi)。
四十二年(nian)(前813),釐(li)侯(hou)(hou)逝世(shi),太子共(gong)伯(bo)余立为国(guo)君(jun)。共(gong)伯(bo)之弟和(he)(he)(he)曾被釐(li)侯(hou)(hou)宠(chong)爱(ai),釐(li)侯(hou)(hou)给了(le)和(he)(he)(he)很(hen)多(duo)财物(wu)(wu),和(he)(he)(he)便用这些(xie)财物(wu)(wu)收买(mai)武士,在(zai)釐(li)侯(hou)(hou)的墓地袭击共(gong)伯(bo)余,共(gong)伯(bo)被迫逃到釐(li)侯(hou)(hou)墓道自杀(sha)。卫人把共(gong)伯(bo)埋葬在(zai)釐(li)侯(hou)(hou)墓旁,称之为共(gong)伯(bo),立和(he)(he)(he)为卫国(guo)国(guo)君(jun),这就(jiu)是武公。
武(wu)(wu)公(gong)即(ji)位后,重新整饬(chi)康叔的政(zheng)务(wu),百姓和乐安(an)定。四十二年(前(qian)771),犬(quan)戎杀死周(zhou)幽王(wang),武(wu)(wu)公(gong)亲自(zi)指挥(hui)部将辅佐周(zhou)天子(zi)(zi)平(ping)定犬(quan)戎的侵袭(xi),建立(li)了(le)战功,周(zhou)平(ping)王(wang)命武(wu)(wu)公(gong)称公(gong)。五十五年(前(qian)758),武(wu)(wu)公(gong)逝世,儿子(zi)(zi)庄公(gong)扬(yang)立(li)为国君。
庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)位第(di)五年(前753),娶(qu)(qu)齐(qi)国(guo)女(nv)(nv)为(wei)夫(fu)人,齐(qi)女(nv)(nv)貌(mao)美但无子(zi)(zi)(zi)。庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)便又(you)娶(qu)(qu)陈(chen)国(guo)女(nv)(nv)为(wei)夫(fu)人,陈(chen)女(nv)(nv)生了(le)(le)(le)个(ge)儿(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi),夭(yao)折了(le)(le)(le)。陈(chen)女(nv)(nv)的(de)妹(mei)妹(mei)亦(yi)被庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宠幸,生了(le)(le)(le)个(ge)儿(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)取(qu)名完(wan)(wan)。完(wan)(wan)的(de)母亲去世后,庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)让(rang)夫(fu)人齐(qi)女(nv)(nv)抚养完(wan)(wan),并立(li)完(wan)(wan)为(wei)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)。庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)还(hai)有个(ge)宠妾(qie)(qie),生了(le)(le)(le)个(ge)儿(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)名州吁(yu)(yu)。庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)十八年(前740),州吁(yu)(yu)长(zhang)大成人,喜好(hao)军(jun)事,庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)便派他做军(jun)队的(de)将(jiang)领。卫国(guo)的(de)上卿石碏(què,却)好(hao)心进谏庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)说(shuo):“妾(qie)(qie)生的(de)儿(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)喜好(hao)军(jun)事,您便让(rang)他做将(jiang)领,祸乱将(jiang)从此兴起(qi)。”庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不听,二十三年(前735),庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)逝世,太子(zi)(zi)(zi)完(wan)(wan)立(li)为(wei)国(guo)君,这(zhei)就是桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。
桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)二年(前733),弟(di)(di)州(zhou)吁骄奢淫逸,桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)罢黜了他,州(zhou)吁逃到(dao)国(guo)外。十三(san)年(前722),郑(zheng)伯之弟(di)(di)段(duan)攻击哥哥,未能取胜,也逃走,州(zhou)吁请(qing)求(qiu)与(yu)他结为(wei)(wei)友好。十六年(前719),州(zhou)吁聚集卫国(guo)逃亡的(de)人袭(xi)击并杀死桓公(gong)(gong)(gong),州(zhou)吁自己立为(wei)(wei)卫国(guo)国(guo)君(jun)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)郑(zheng)伯之弟(di)(di)段(duan)要讨伐郑(zheng)国(guo),州(zhou)吁请(qing)求(qiu)宋、陈(chen)、蔡共同支持段(duan),三(san)国(guo)都答应了这一请(qing)求(qiu)。州(zhou)吁刚刚即位(wei),因(yin)(yin)(yin)喜好军事、杀死桓公(gong)(gong)(gong),卫人都厌恶(e)他。石碏因(yin)(yin)(yin)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)母亲家(jia)在(zai)陈(chen)国(guo),佯装与(yu)州(zhou)吁友善(shan),卫国(guo)军队行至(zhi)郑(zheng)国(guo)国(guo)都的(de)郊野,石碏与(yu)陈(chen)侯共谋计策,派(pai)右宰丑(chou)向州(zhou)吁进献食品,借机在(zai)濮击杀州(zhou)吁,而从邢(xíng,刑)地把(ba)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)弟(di)(di)晋迎(ying)回卫国(guo)立为(wei)(wei)国(guo)君(jun),这就是宣公(gong)(gong)(gong)。
宣(xuan)公七年(前(qian)(qian)712),鲁(lu)人杀害了自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)国君(jun)隐公。九(jiu)年(前(qian)(qian)710),宋督(du)杀死(si)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)国君(jun)殇(shang)公和大夫孔父。十年(前(qian)(qian)709),晋国曲沃(wo)庄伯也杀死(si)了自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)国君(jun)哀侯。
十八年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)701),当初(chu),宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)所宠爱的(de)(de)(de)(de)夫人(ren)(ren)夷姜(jiang)生了儿(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)取名伋(ji)(ji),伋(ji)(ji)被立(li)(li)为太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)派(pai)右公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教导(dao)他。右公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)娶齐(qi)国(guo)(guo)美(mei)女(nv),美(mei)女(nv)还未(wei)与(yu)伋(ji)(ji)拜堂(tang)成婚,被宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)所见(jian)(jian)(jian),宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)见(jian)(jian)(jian)齐(qi)国(guo)(guo)女(nv)长得漂(piao)亮,很喜欢,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)自(zi)(zi)娶此女(nv),而为太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)另(ling)娶了其他女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)得到(dao)齐(qi)女(nv)后(hou),齐(qi)女(nv)生了儿(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)寿(shou)、子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo),宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)派(pai)左公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教导(dao)他们。太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)(ji)母(mu)亲去(qu)世后(hou),宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)正夫人(ren)(ren)与(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)共同(tong)在宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)面前(qian)(qian)中(zhong)伤诬陷太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)(ji)。宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)原本就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)因自(zi)(zi)己抢(qiang)夺太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之妻而讨厌太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),早想(xiang)把(ba)他废掉(diao)。等(deng)到(dao)听(ting)(ting)说太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)坏话后(hou),怒气冲天,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)派(pai)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)(ji)出使齐(qi)国(guo)(guo),并暗中(zhong)命(ming)令大(da)(da)盗(dao)在边(bian)(bian)境线上(shang)拦截击(ji)杀伋(ji)(ji)。宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)给(ji)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)旄(mao)(máo,毛)使节(jie),告诫边(bian)(bian)境线上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)盗(dao)一见(jian)(jian)(jian)手持白(bai)(bai)(bai)旄(mao)使节(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)把(ba)他杀掉(diao)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)(ji)将(jiang)要启程前(qian)(qian)往(wang)(wang)齐(qi)国(guo)(guo),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)哥哥子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)寿(shou),即太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)异母(mu)弟,深知(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)憎恨(hen)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)君(jun)王欲除掉(diao)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之事,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)对太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)说:“边(bian)(bian)界上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)盗(dao)只要见(jian)(jian)(jian)到(dao)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)你(ni)手持白(bai)(bai)(bai)旄(mao)使节(jie),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会杀死(si)(si)你(ni),太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)千(qian)万不要去(qu)!”太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)说:“违(wei)背父(fu)辈之命(ming)保全自(zi)(zi)己,这(zhei)绝对不行(xing)。”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)毫不犹豫地前(qian)(qian)往(wang)(wang)齐(qi)国(guo)(guo)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)寿(shou)见(jian)(jian)(jian)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不听(ting)(ting)劝告,只好偷取他的(de)(de)(de)(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)旄(mao)使节(jie)先(xian)(xian)于(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驾车赶到(dao)边(bian)(bian)界。大(da)(da)盗(dao)见(jian)(jian)(jian)事先(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)约定应验了,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)杀死(si)(si)了他。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)寿(shou)被杀后(hou),太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)(ji)又赶到(dao),对大(da)(da)盗(dao)说:“应当杀死(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)我呀!”大(da)(da)盗(dao)于(yu)是(shi)(shi)又杀死(si)(si)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)(ji),回(hui)报了宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)立(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)为太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。十九(jiu)年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)709),宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)逝世,太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)立(li)(li)为国(guo)(guo)君(jun),这(zhei)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)。
左右(you)两公子(zi)对(dui)子(zi)朔立(li)为国(guo)君(jun)愤愤不(bu)平(ping)。惠公四(si)年(前696),左右(you)公子(zi)因(yin)怨恨惠公中(zhong)伤并谋杀(sha)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)伋而自(zi)立(li)之(zhi)事,便(bian)发起动乱,攻打惠公,立(li)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)伋的弟弟黔牟为国(guo)君(jun),惠公逃奔(ben)到齐国(guo)。
卫君(jun)黔牟八年(nian)(前689)时(shi),齐襄公(gong)受周天子之命率(lv)领各诸(zhu)侯国共同讨伐卫国,送卫惠公(gong)回国,诛杀(sha)了左右公(gong)子。卫君(jun)黔牟逃奔到周,惠公(gong)又重登(deng)君(jun)位(wei)。惠公(gong)在初(chu)立国君(jun)后(hou)三年(nian)(前696)逃亡,八年(nian)(前688)后(hou)又回归卫国,前后(hou)通共十三年(nian)。
二十五年(前(qian)675),惠(hui)公(gong)对周接纳安置黔牟心怀不满,与燕国(guo)共同伐(fa)周。周惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)逃奔到温,卫、燕共立惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)弟为(wei)王(wang)(wang)。二十九年(前(qian)671),郑(zheng)国(guo)又护送惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)回周。三(san)十一年(前(qian)669),卫惠(hui)公(gong)逝(shi)世,儿子懿(yì,意(yi))公(gong)赤立为(wei)国(guo)君。
懿(yi)公(gong)(gong)登位后(hou),喜欢养鹤(he)(he),挥霍淫乐。九年(前660)时,翟攻(gong)伐卫国(guo),卫懿(yi)公(gong)(gong)率军抵御(yu),有些(xie)士兵背叛了(le)他。大臣们说:“君王喜好(hao)鹤(he)(he),就派鹤(he)(he)去(qu)抗(kang)击翟人吧!”于是,翟人侵入卫国(guo),杀死(si)懿(yi)公(gong)(gong)。
懿(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)立为(wei)(wei)国(guo)君(jun),百姓大(da)(da)臣心都不服。从懿(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)父亲惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)朔攻讦谋(mou)杀太子伋自立为(wei)(wei)国(guo)君(jun)到懿(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong),百姓、大(da)(da)臣常想推翻他们(men),最后(hou),终于(yu)灭(mie)了惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)的(de)后(hou)代而改立黔(qian)牟的(de)弟弟昭伯(bo)顽的(de)儿子申为(wei)(wei)国(guo)君(jun),他就(jiu)是卫(wei)戴公(gong)(gong)。
戴公(gong)申于其(qi)元年(nian)(前660)逝世。齐(qi)桓公(gong)因卫(wei)国(guo)(guo)多次动(dong)乱,便率领诸侯讨伐翟,替卫(wei)在楚丘修筑城堡,立戴公(gong)弟毁为卫(wei)国(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)君,他就(jiu)是文公(gong)。文公(gong)因卫(wei)动(dong)乱逃奔到齐(qi)国(guo)(guo),齐(qi)人送他回国(guo)(guo)。
当初,翟人杀死(si)懿(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong),卫人怜悯他,想再立(li)被宣公(gong)(gong)(gong)谋害的太子(zi)(zi)伋的后代(dai),但伋的儿(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)已去世,代(dai)替伋死(si)的子(zi)(zi)寿又(you)(you)无子(zi)(zi)。太子(zi)(zi)伋有两(liang)个同母弟(di):一个叫黔牟(mou),黔牟(mou)曾(ceng)代(dai)替惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)做(zuo)了八年(nian)国君,后又(you)(you)被惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)赶出卫国,另一个叫昭伯(bo)。昭伯(bo)、黔牟(mou)都(dou)早已去世,所以卫人又(you)(you)立(li)了昭伯(bo)的儿(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)申为戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong),戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)逝世后,卫人又(you)(you)立(li)他的弟(di)弟(di)毁为文公(gong)(gong)(gong)。
文公即位伊始(shi),就减(jian)轻百姓的(de)赋税,明断犯(fan)人的(de)罪行,劳心(xin)劳力,和(he)百姓同甘共苦,以(yi)(yi)此(ci)以(yi)(yi)来赢得民心(xin)。
十六年(前(qian)(qian)(qian)644),晋公(gong)子重(zhong)耳路过卫国,文公(gong)没有礼遇重(zhong)耳。十七年(前(qian)(qian)(qian)643),齐桓公(gong)逝(shi)世。二十五年(前(qian)(qian)(qian)635)时,文公(gong)逝(shi)世,儿子成(cheng)公(gong)郑立为国君。
成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)三年(前(qian)632)时(shi)(shi),晋国(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)(wei)了救(jiu)宋(song)想向卫(wei)(wei)借路(lu),成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)答(da)应(ying)。晋便改道渡南河救(jiu)宋(song)。晋国(guo)(guo)(guo)征兵于卫(wei)(wei),卫(wei)(wei)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)想同(tong)意(yi),而成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)却拒绝了。大(da)夫(fu)(fu)元(yuan)咺(xuǎn,选)攻打成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong),成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)逃(tao)到(dao)(dao)了楚国(guo)(guo)(guo)。晋文公(gong)(gong)(gong)重耳为(wei)(wei)了报以前(qian)路(lu)过卫(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)而文公(gong)(gong)(gong)无礼和卫(wei)(wei)不(bu)援救(jiu)宋(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之仇,讨伐(fa)了卫(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo),并把卫(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)一部分土地分送给(ji)宋(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。卫(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)得不(bu)逃(tao)亡(wang)到(dao)(dao)陈。两年后,成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)到(dao)(dao)周(zhou)天子(zi)处(chu)请求帮助回(hui)国(guo)(guo)(guo),与(yu)晋文公(gong)(gong)(gong)相会。晋派人想用(yong)毒(du)(du)酒害死(si)成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong),成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)贿赂了周(zhou)王(wang)室主持毒(du)(du)杀(sha)的人,让他(ta)少放些毒(du)(du)药,才免(mian)于一死(si)。不(bu)久(jiu),周(zhou)王(wang)替(ti)成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)请求晋文公(gong)(gong)(gong),成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)终于被送回(hui)卫(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo),杀(sha)死(si)了元(yuan)咺,卫(wei)(wei)君瑕奔逃(tao)。七年(前(qian)628)时(shi)(shi),晋文公(gong)(gong)(gong)逝世。十二(er)年(前(qian)623)时(shi)(shi),成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)朝见晋襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)。十四年(前(qian)621)时(shi)(shi),秦穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)逝世。二(er)十六年(前(qian)609)时(shi)(shi),齐邴(bing)(bǐng,丙)歜(chù,触(chu))杀(sha)死(si)他(ta)的国(guo)(guo)(guo)君懿(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。三十五年(前(qian)600)时(shi)(shi),成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)逝世,儿(er)子(zi)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)遬(sù,速(su))立(li)为(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君。
穆(mu)公(gong)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前598)时,楚庄(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)攻(gong)打陈国,杀死夏(xia)征舒(shu)。三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前597)时,楚庄(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)围攻(gong)郑(zheng)国,郑(zheng)侯投降。楚庄(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)又释放了他。十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前589),孙良夫为援(yuan)救鲁国而讨伐齐(qi)国,又收复被(bei)侵夺的领(ling)土。穆(mu)公(gong)逝世(shi)后,儿子定公(gong)臧立为国君(jun)。定公(gong)十二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前577)逝世(shi),儿子献公(gong)衎(kàn,看(kan))立为国君(jun)。
十(shi)三(san)年(前(qian)576)时,献公(gong)(gong)(gong)让(rang)乐(le)师(shi)曹(cao)(cao)教(jiao)宫中妾(qie)弹琴,妾(qie)弹得很差(cha),曹(cao)(cao)笞(chi)(chi)打了(le)(le)她(ta),以示惩罚。妾(qie)以献公(gong)(gong)(gong)宠爱(ai),就(jiu)在(zai)献公(gong)(gong)(gong)面前(qian)说曹(cao)(cao)的坏话,故意中伤(shang)曹(cao)(cao),献公(gong)(gong)(gong)也笞(chi)(chi)打曹(cao)(cao)三(san)百下。十(shi)八年(前(qian)571)时,献公(gong)(gong)(gong)告请孙(sun)(sun)文(wen)子(zi)、宁(ning)惠子(zi)进宴,两人(ren)如(ru)期前(qian)往待命。天晚了(le)(le),献公(gong)(gong)(gong)还(hai)未去召请他(ta)(ta)们,却到(dao)园林(lin)去射大雁。两人(ren)只好跟从献公(gong)(gong)(gong)到(dao)了(le)(le)园林(lin),献公(gong)(gong)(gong)未脱射服就(jiu)与他(ta)(ta)们谈话,对献公(gong)(gong)(gong)的这种无礼行为(wei),两人(ren)非(fei)常生(sheng)气,便到(dao)宿邑(yi)去了(le)(le)。孙(sun)(sun)文(wen)子(zi)的儿子(zi)多次陪侍(shi)献公(gong)(gong)(gong)饮(yin)酒,献公(gong)(gong)(gong)让(rang)乐(le)师(shi)曹(cao)(cao)唱(chang)《诗·小雅》中《巧(qiao)言》篇的最后一章。乐(le)师(shi)曹(cao)(cao)本来(lai)就(jiu)痛恨献公(gong)(gong)(gong)以前(qian)曾(ceng)笞(chi)(chi)打他(ta)(ta)三(san)百下,于是(shi)就(jiu)演唱(chang)了(le)(le)这章诗,想以此激怒孙(sun)(sun)文(wen)子(zi),来(lai)报复卫献公(gong)(gong)(gong)。文(wen)子(zi)把这件(jian)事告诉了(le)(le)卫大夫蘧(qú,渠)伯玉(yu),蘧伯玉(yu)说:“我不知道。”于是(shi)孙(sun)(sun)文(wen)子(zi)赶走(zou)了(le)(le)献公(gong)(gong)(gong)。献公(gong)(gong)(gong)逃亡到(dao)了(le)(le)齐国,齐国把他(ta)(ta)安置在(zai)聚邑(yi)。孙(sun)(sun)文(wen)子(zi)、宁(ning)惠子(zi)共同立定(ding)公(gong)(gong)(gong)弟秋为(wei)卫国国君,这就(jiu)是(shi)殇公(gong)(gong)(gong)。
殇(shang)(shang)公(gong)秋即位后,把(ba)宿封给孙(sun)文子林父(fu)(fu)(fu)。十(shi)二年(前(qian)(qian)547)时,宁(ning)喜与孙(sun)林父(fu)(fu)(fu)因(yin)争宠而(er)至相攻讦,殇(shang)(shang)公(gong)让宁(ning)喜攻打(da)孙(sun)林父(fu)(fu)(fu)。林父(fu)(fu)(fu)逃奔(ben)到(dao)(dao)晋(jin)(jin)国(guo),又(you)(you)请求(qiu)(qiu)晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)护送卫(wei)(wei)献(xian)公(gong)回(hui)国(guo)。当(dang)时,献(xian)公(gong)在齐国(guo)。齐景(jing)公(gong)听(ting)到(dao)(dao)这个消息,和卫(wei)(wei)献(xian)公(gong)一起(qi)到(dao)(dao)晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)请求(qiu)(qiu)帮助返(fan)回(hui)卫(wei)(wei)国(guo)。晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)便去讨伐卫(wei)(wei)国(guo),诱使卫(wei)(wei)与晋(jin)(jin)结(jie)盟。卫(wei)(wei)殇(shang)(shang)公(gong)前(qian)(qian)去会见晋(jin)(jin)平公(gong),平公(gong)逮捕了殇(shang)(shang)公(gong)与宁(ning)喜,紧接着就(jiu)送卫(wei)(wei)献(xian)公(gong)回(hui)国(guo)。献(xian)公(gong)在外逃亡(wang)十(shi)二年重又(you)(you)返(fan)回(hui)故国(guo)。
献公后元元年(前546),诛杀宁喜(xi)。
三年(nian)(前544),吴国(guo)(guo)延陵季子(zi)出使(shi)路过卫(wei)国(guo)(guo),见到(dao)蘧伯玉和史说:“卫(wei)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)子(zi)很(hen)多,所以这个国(guo)(guo)家(jia)不(bu)会(hui)有患(huan)难。”他又(you)路过宿(su)地,孙林父(fu)为他击(ji)磬(qing)(qìng,庆)说:“不(bu)高兴,乐音很(hen)悲伤(shang),使(shi)卫(wei)国(guo)(guo)动乱的就是这里呀!”同(tong)年(nian),献(xian)公逝世(shi),儿子(zi)襄公恶立为国(guo)(guo)君(jun)。
襄(xiang)公六年(前538),楚(chu)灵王会见各(ge)诸(zhu)侯,襄(xiang)公托辞有病不去赴会。
九年(前535),襄(xiang)公(gong)逝世。当(dang)初,襄(xiang)公(gong)有个(ge)小(xiao)妾(qie),很受宠爱,有孕后曾梦见有人(ren)对她说:“我是(shi)康叔,一定让(rang)你的(de)(de)儿(er)子(zi)享有卫国(guo),你的(de)(de)儿(er)子(zi)应取(qu)名‘元(yuan)’。”妾(qie)醒(xing)后十分惊讶(ya),询问孔成子(zi)。成子(zi)说:“康叔是(shi)卫国(guo)的(de)(de)始祖。”等到妾(qie)生(sheng)(sheng)下孩子(zi),果(guo)真(zhen)是(shi)个(ge)男孩,就把此(ci)梦告(gao)诉襄(xiang)公(gong)。襄(xiang)公(gong)说:“这是(shi)上天(tian)安(an)排(pai)的(de)(de)!”于(yu)是(shi)给(ji)男孩取(qu)名元(yuan),恰好(hao)襄(xiang)公(gong)夫人(ren)未(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)儿(er)子(zi),便立元(yuan)为嫡子(zi),这就是(shi)灵公(gong)。
五年(前(qian)530),灵公朝见晋昭公。六年(前(qian)529),楚公子弃疾杀死灵王自立为国君,称平王。十一年(前(qian)524),卫发(fa)生了火灾。
三十八年(前498),孔子(zi)来(lai)(lai)到(dao)卫(wei)国(guo)(guo),卫(wei)给他(ta)同在鲁国(guo)(guo)时一(yi)样多的俸禄。后来(lai)(lai),孔子(zi)与卫(wei)国(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)发(fa)生(sheng)矛盾,便离去了(le)。不久(jiu),又周游(you)到(dao)卫(wei)国(guo)(guo)。
三十九年(前497),太(tai)子(zi)蒯(kuai)(kuai)(kuài,“快”,上声)聩(kuì溃)和灵(ling)公(gong)夫(fu)(fu)人南子(zi)有仇,想(xiang)(xiang)杀掉南子(zi)。蒯(kuai)(kuai)聩与他的家臣戏阳遬商议(yi),等朝会时(shi),让戏阳遬杀死夫(fu)(fu)人。事到临头,戏阳后悔,没有动手。蒯(kuai)(kuai)聩多次(ci)使眼色示意他,被夫(fu)(fu)人察觉,夫(fu)(fu)人十分恐(kong)惧,大(da)呼道:“太(tai)子(zi)想(xiang)(xiang)杀我!”灵(ling)公(gong)大(da)怒,太(tai)子(zi)蒯(kuai)(kuai)聩逃(tao)(tao)奔到宋国,不久又逃(tao)(tao)到晋(jin)国赵氏(shi)那里。
四十二年(前494)春(chun)天,灵(ling)公郊游(you),让子(zi)郢(ying)(yǐng,影(ying))驾车(che)。郢(ying)是(shi)灵(ling)公的小儿子(zi),字(zi)子(zi)南。灵(ling)公怨恨太子(zi)逃(tao)亡(wang),就对(dui)郢(ying)说:“我(wo)将(jiang)要立(li)你为(wei)太子(zi)。”郢(ying)回(hui)答(da)(da)道(dao):“郢(ying)不够格,不能(neng)辱没国(guo)家,您再想(xiang)别的办(ban)法(fa)吧!”夏天,灵(ling)公逝世,夫人让子(zi)郢(ying)为(wei)太子(zi),说:“这(zhei)是(shi)灵(ling)公的命令!”郢(ying)答(da)(da)道(dao):“逃(tao)亡(wang)太子(zi)蒯(kuai)聩(kui)的儿子(zi)辄在,我(wo)不敢担当(dang)此重任。”于是(shi)卫人就立(li)辄为(wei)国(guo)君,这(zhei)就是(shi)出公。
六(liu)月(yue)乙酉这一天,赵简子想送蒯聩(kui)回国,就让阳虎派十多个人(ren)(ren)装(zhuang)(zhuang)扮成(cheng)卫(wei)国人(ren)(ren),身穿丧服(fu),假装(zhuang)(zhuang)从(cong)卫(wei)国来(lai)晋国迎(ying)接太子,简子为蒯聩(kui)送行。卫(wei)人(ren)(ren)听到消息,组织军队(dui)攻(gong)击(ji)蒯聩(kui)。蒯聩(kui)不能回卫(wei),只好跑到宿地自保,卫(wei)人(ren)(ren)也停止(zhi)了(le)进攻(gong)。
出公辄四年(前(qian)489),齐田(tian)乞(qi)杀(sha)死(si)自(zi)己的国君孺子(zi)。八年(前(qian)485),齐鲍子(zi)杀(sha)死(si)自(zi)己的国君悼公。
孔(kong)子(zi)从陈国(guo)来到卫国(guo)。九年(前(qian)484),孔(kong)文子(zi)向孔(kong)仲(zhong)尼请教军(jun)事,仲(zhong)尼不予回(hui)(hui)答。之后,鲁(lu)侯(hou)派人迎接仲(zhong)尼,仲(zhong)尼返回(hui)(hui)鲁(lu)国(guo)。
十(shi)二(er)年(前481)年初,孔(kong)(kong)圉(yǔ,语)文子(zi)(zi)娶了太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)蒯聩的(de)(de)(de)姐(jie)姐(jie)为(wei)妻(qi),生了悝(kuī,亏(kui))。孔(kong)(kong)文子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)仆人(ren)浑良(liang)夫(fu)(fu)英(ying)俊漂亮,孔(kong)(kong)文子(zi)(zi)去世后,浑良(liang)夫(fu)(fu)与(yu)悝的(de)(de)(de)母亲私通。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)宿地,悝母便让浑良(liang)夫(fu)(fu)到(dao)(dao)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)那里(li)。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)对良(liang)夫(fu)(fu)说:“假使你能协助我(wo)回(hui)国,我(wo)将以赐你大夫(fu)(fu)所乘(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)车(che)报答(da)你,还赦免你三种死罪(zui)。穿紫衣(yi)、袒裘(qiu)服、带(dai)宝剑,都不在(zai)死罪(zui)之中。”二(er)人(ren)订立了盟约(yue),太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)还允许悝母做良(liang)夫(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)妻(qi)子(zi)(zi)。闰十(shi)二(er)月,良(liang)夫(fu)(fu)和太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)回(hui)到(dao)(dao)国都,暂住孔(kong)(kong)氏的(de)(de)(de)外園。晚上(shang),两个人(ren)身着(zhe)(zhe)妇人(ren)衣(yi)服,头蒙(meng)围巾(jin),乘(cheng)车(che)而(er)来,由(you)宦者罗(luo)驾车(che)。孔(kong)(kong)氏的(de)(de)(de)家臣(chen)栾(luan)宁(ning)盘(pan)问(wen)他(ta)(ta)们(men)姓名,他(ta)(ta)们(men)自称是姻戚家的(de)(de)(de)侍妾,于是顺(shun)利(li)地进入孔(kong)(kong)氏家,直抵伯(bo)姬(ji)住所。饭毕,悝母手持(chi)戈先到(dao)(dao)孔(kong)(kong)悝住所,太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)与(yu)五人(ren)身穿甲胄,载着(zhe)(zhe)公(gong)(gong)猪随后而(er)行(xing)。伯(bo)姬(ji)把悝逼(bi)(bi)到(dao)(dao)墙(qiang)角里(li),强迫他(ta)(ta)订立同盟,并劫持(chi)悝登上(shang)台,逼(bi)(bi)他(ta)(ta)召(zhao)(zhao)集群臣(chen)。栾(luan)宁(ning)正要饮酒,烤肉还未熟,就(jiu)听到(dao)(dao)一(yi)片乱(luan)糟糟的(de)(de)(de)响声,派人(ren)告诉了仲(zhong)由(you)。召(zhao)(zhao)护(hu)驾着(zhe)(zhe)乘(cheng)车(che),边(bian)饮酒边(bian)吃烤肉,护(hu)奉着(zhe)(zhe)出公(gong)(gong)辄(zhe)逃奔到(dao)(dao)鲁国。
仲由闻讯后(hou)赶到,将进(jin)孔(kong)宅,遇刚刚逃出(chu)孔(kong)家的(de)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)羔。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)羔说(shuo):“门已经关(guan)闭。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)说(shuo):“我暂且去(qu)看(kan)(kan)看(kan)(kan)。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)羔说(shuo):“来不及了(le),你(ni)不要(yao)(yao)跟着(zhe)(zhe)悝(kui)(kui)(kui)去(qu)受(shou)(shou)难(nan)。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)说(shuo):“享受(shou)(shou)悝(kui)(kui)(kui)的(de)俸(feng)(feng)禄,不能看(kan)(kan)他(ta)受(shou)(shou)难(nan)不救(jiu)。”于(yu)是子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)羔逃走了(le)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)要(yao)(yao)进(jin)去(qu),来到门前,公(gong)(gong)孙敢关(guan)紧大门说(shuo):“不要(yao)(yao)再进(jin)去(qu)了(le)!”子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)说(shuo):“你(ni)是公(gong)(gong)孙吧!拿着(zhe)(zhe)别人(ren)的(de)利(li)禄却躲避(bi)别人(ren)的(de)危难(nan)。我不能这样,享受(shou)(shou)人(ren)家的(de)俸(feng)(feng)禄,一定拯救(jiu)人(ren)家的(de)危难(nan)。”这时有(you)使者(zhe)出(chu)来,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)才趁(chen)机(ji)进(jin)去(qu)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)说(shuo):“太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)怎么用得着(zhe)(zhe)孔(kong)悝(kui)(kui)(kui)做帮手?即使杀死他(ta),也(ye)一定有(you)人(ren)接替(ti)他(ta)进(jin)攻太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。”又说(shuo):“太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)缺乏勇气,如果放火烧台,必然会(hui)释(shi)放孔(kong)叔。”太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)听(ting)了(le),十分害怕,让石(shi)乞、盂黡(yǎn,眼)下台阻挡(dang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu),二人(ren)用戈击(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu),割掉子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)的(de)帽(mao)缨。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)说(shuo):“君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)死,帽(mao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不能掉到地上。”说(shuo)着(zhe)(zhe),系好(hao)帽(mao)缨死去(qu)。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)听(ting)到卫国动乱(luan)的(de)消息后(hou)说(shuo):“唉!柴将会(hui)回来的(de)吧?可由,却死去(qu)了(le)。”孔(kong)悝(kui)(kui)(kui)终于(yu)立太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯聩为国君(jun),这就是庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)。
庄(zhuang)公(gong)蒯聩是出公(gong)的父(fu)亲,逃亡在(zai)外(wai)时(shi),怨(yuan)恨大(da)夫们(men)不迎立他为国君(jun)。元(yuan)年即(ji)位后(hou),庄(zhuang)公(gong)想把大(da)臣们(men)尽数杀死,说:“我在(zai)外(wai)久了(le),你(ni)们(men)也(ye)曾经听说了(le)吗?”大(da)臣们(men)想作乱,庄(zhuang)公(gong)才不得不罢休。
二年(nian)(前479),鲁国孔丘(qiu)去(qu)世。
三年(前478),庄公(gong)(gong)登上城墙,看(kan)见戎(rong)州(zhou)。说:“戎(rong)虏(lu)干(gan)吗要建城邑?”戎(rong)州(zhou)人(ren)对(dui)他的(de)话十(shi)分忧(you)虑。十(shi)月间,戎(rong)州(zhou)人(ren)告诉赵简子,简子包围卫国(guo)。十(shi)一月,庄公(gong)(gong)逃奔,卫人(ren)立公(gong)(gong)子斑(ban)师(shi)(shi)做国(guo)君。齐国(guo)讨伐卫国(guo),俘虏(lu)了斑(ban)师(shi)(shi),改立公(gong)(gong)子起为国(guo)君。
卫(wei)君(jun)(jun)起元年(前477)时,卫(wei)石曼尃(fū,夫)赶走起,起逃亡到齐国。卫(wei)出(chu)公辄又从齐返回卫(wei)国做(zuo)国君(jun)(jun)。当(dang)初,出(chu)公即位十二年(前481)后逃亡,在(zai)外四年才(cai)得返回。出(chu)公后元元年(前476),赏赐(ci)了跟随他逃亡的人(ren)们。前后当(dang)政二十一年(前456)死去,出(chu)公叔父(fu)黔赶走出(chu)公儿子而自立为(wei)国君(jun)(jun),这就是悼公。
悼公(gong)五年(前451)逝(shi)世,儿(er)子(zi)敬公(gong)弗立为国君。十九(jiu)年(前432),敬公(gong)逝(shi)世,儿(er)子(zi)昭公(gong)纠立为国君。这时,三晋强盛起来,卫君如同小诸侯,附属(shu)于赵国。
昭公(gong)(gong)六年(前(qian)(qian)426),公(gong)(gong)子(zi)亹(wěi,伟)杀死昭公(gong)(gong)自立(li)(li)为(wei)国(guo)君(jun),这(zhei)就是怀公(gong)(gong)。怀公(gong)(gong)十(shi)一年(前(qian)(qian)415),公(gong)(gong)子(zi)杀死怀公(gong)(gong)自立(li)(li)为(wei)国(guo)君(jun),这(zhei)就是慎公(gong)(gong)。慎公(gong)(gong)的父亲是公(gong)(gong)子(zi)适。适的父亲是敬公(gong)(gong)。四(si)十(shi)二年(前(qian)(qian)373),慎公(gong)(gong)逝(shi)世,儿子(zi)声公(gong)(gong)训立(li)(li)为(wei)国(guo)君(jun)。十(shi)一年(前(qian)(qian)362),声公(gong)(gong)逝(shi)世,儿子(zi)成侯遬立(li)(li)为(wei)国(guo)君(jun)。
成侯(hou)十(shi)一年(前351),公孙鞅进入秦国。十(shi)六(liu)年(前346),卫(wei)被贬称为侯(hou)。
二十九年(前333),成(cheng)侯(hou)逝(shi)世,儿子平侯(hou)立为(wei)国(guo)君。平侯(hou)于八年(前325)逝(shi)世,儿子嗣君立为(wei)国(guo)君。
嗣君于五年(前320)时(shi)又被贬称(cheng)为君,仅有濮(pu)阳一地。
四(si)十(shi)二年(前(qian)283),嗣(si)君(jun)(jun)(jun)逝世,儿子怀(huai)君(jun)(jun)(jun)立(li)(li)为国(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)。三十(shi)一年(前(qian)252),怀(huai)君(jun)(jun)(jun)朝拜魏(wei)国(guo),魏(wei)囚禁(jin)并杀害(hai)了怀(huai)君(jun)(jun)(jun)。魏(wei)改立(li)(li)嗣(si)君(jun)(jun)(jun)弟,这就是元君(jun)(jun)(jun)。元君(jun)(jun)(jun)是魏(wei)国(guo)的(de)女婿,所以魏(wei)国(guo)立(li)(li)了他。元君(jun)(jun)(jun)十(shi)四(si)年(前(qian)239)时(shi),秦攻下(xia)魏(wei)国(guo)东部领土,秦国(guo)开始在这一带设置东郡。又把卫君(jun)(jun)(jun)迁徙到野王县,而把濮阳合并到东郡。二十(shi)五年(前(qian)228)元君(jun)(jun)(jun)去世,儿子君(jun)(jun)(jun)角立(li)(li)为君(jun)(jun)(jun)。
君角九(jiu)年(前(qian)221)时,秦兼并(bing)天下,嬴政(zheng)立为始(shi)皇帝。二十一年(前(qian)210),秦二世废掉卫君,君角成为普(pu)通平(ping)民(min),卫国世系彻(che)底断绝。
太(tai)史公说:我(wo)阅读(du)世家的(de)记载,读(du)到卫宣公太(tai)子(zi)因妻被杀,弟(di)(di)弟(di)(di)子(zi)寿与(yu)太(tai)子(zi)互(hu)(hu)相推让,争着(zhe)去死,这(zhei)与(yu)晋太(tai)子(zi)申生不敢声明骊姬的(de)过(guo)错相同,都(dou)害(hai)怕伤害(hai)父亲的(de)情面(mian)。然而,终于死去了,这(zhei)是多么(me)悲哀呀!有(you)的(de)父子(zi)互(hu)(hu)相残(can)杀,有(you)的(de)兄弟(di)(di)互(hu)(hu)相毁灭(mie),这(zhei)究竟是为(wei)什么(me)呢?
卫康叔名封,周武王同母(mu)少弟也。其次尚有(you)冉季,冉季最少。
武(wu)王已克殷纣①,复以(yi)殷余民(min)封纣子武(wu)庚禄(lu)父(fu),比(bi)诸侯②,以(yi)奉其(qi)先(xian)祀勿(wu)绝。为武(wu)庚未集③,恐其(qi)有贼心(xin),武(wu)王乃令其(qi)弟(di)管(guan)叔(shu)、蔡叔(shu)傅相武(wu)庚禄(lu)父(fu)④,以(yi)和(he)其(qi)民(min)。武(wu)王既崩,成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)王少。周公旦代成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)王治,当国⑤。管(guan)叔(shu)、蔡叔(shu)疑(yi)周公,乃与武(wu)庚禄(lu)父(fu)作乱,欲攻成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周⑥。周公旦以(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)王命兴师伐殷,杀武(wu)庚禄(lu)父(fu)、管(guan)叔(shu),放(fang)蔡叔(shu),以(yi)武(wu)庚殷余民(min)封康叔(shu)为卫君,居河(he)、淇间故商(shang)墟。
周(zhou)公旦惧康(kang)叔(shu)齿(chi)少,乃申告(gao)(gao)康(kang)叔(shu)曰⑦:“必求殷之贤人君子长者,问其先殷所(suo)以(yi)兴(xing),所(suo)以(yi)亡,而务爱(ai)民(min)。”告(gao)(gao)以(yi)纣所(suo)以(yi)亡者以(yi)淫于酒(jiu),酒(jiu)之失,妇(fu)人是用,故(gu)纣之乱(luan)自此(ci)(ci)始。为《梓材》⑧,示君子可法(fa)则(ze)⑨。故(gu)谓(wei)之《康(kang)诰(gao)》、《酒(jiu)法(fa)》、《梓材》以(yi)命(ming)之⑩。康(kang)叔(shu)之国,既(ji)以(yi)此(ci)(ci)命(ming)⑾,能(neng)和(he)集其民(min),民(min)大说⑿。
成王长,用(yong)事(13),举(ju)康叔为周司寇,赐卫宝(bao)祭(ji)器(14),以章有德(15)。
①克:战胜。②比:类同(tong)。③集:犹“辑”,顺。④傅相(xiang):辅佐。⑤当国(guo):掌握国(guo)家政(zheng)权(quan)。⑥成周(zhou)(zhou):即东都洛(luo)邑。武(wu)庚叛(pan)乱时,洛(luo)邑还未营为东都,此处误以(yi)(yi)(yi)宗周(zhou)(zhou)镐京为成周(zhou)(zhou)。⑦申(shen):一(yi)再(zai),重复。⑧《梓(zi)(zi)材》:与下句的(de)《康诰(gao)(gao)》、《酒诰(gao)(gao)》皆《尚(shang)书(shu)》篇名,为周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)对(dui)康叔的(de)诰(gao)(gao)词。《梓(zi)(zi)材》意在“告(gao)(gao)康叔以(yi)(yi)(yi)为政(zheng)之道,亦如梓(zi)(zi)人(ren)之治(zhi)材也”。梓(zi)(zi),匠(jiang)人(ren)也。⑨示(shi):给人(ren)看。⑩诰(gao)(gao):古代一(yi)种训诫(jie)、勉励的(de)文告(gao)(gao)。(11)命:教导。(12)说:通(tong)“悦”。(13)用事:当权(quan)。(14)宝祭器:宝器和(he)祭器。《左传·定公(gong)四年》曰:“分康叔以(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)路(lu)、少帛(bo)、綪、茷、旃(zhan)、旌、大(da)吕。”即车辆、各种旗帜(zhi)和(he)钟。(15)章:表彰。
康叔(shu)卒(zu)(zu),子(zi)(zi)(zi)康伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)代立(li)(li)。康伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)卒(zu)(zu),子(zi)(zi)(zi)考伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)立(li)(li)①。考伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)卒(zu)(zu),子(zi)(zi)(zi)嗣伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)立(li)(li)。嗣伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)卒(zu)(zu),子(zi)(zi)(zi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)立(li)(li)②。伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)卒(zu)(zu),子(zi)(zi)(zi)靖伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)立(li)(li)。靖伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)卒(zu)(zu),子(zi)(zi)(zi)贞伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)立(li)(li)③。贞伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)卒(zu)(zu),子(zi)(zi)(zi)顷(qing)侯立(li)(li)。
顷侯厚赂(lu)周夷(yi)王,夷(yi)王命卫为侯。顷侯立十二(er)年卒,子釐侯立。
釐侯十(shi)三年,周厉王出(chu)奔于彘,共和行政焉④。二十(shi)八年,周宣王立。
①考(kao)伯(bo)(bo):《三代世(shi)(shi)表》作(zuo)“孝伯(bo)(bo)”。②伯(bo)(bo):《三代世(shi)(shi)表》作(zuo)“伯(bo)(bo)”。③贞伯(bo)(bo):《世(shi)(shi)本》作(zuo)“箕伯(bo)(bo)”。④共(gong)和行(xing)政(zheng):公(gong)元前841年(nian)(nian),“国(guo)人”起义,周厉(li)(li)王(wang)(wang)逃奔到彘,由(you)召公(gong)、周公(gong)共(gong)同行(xing)政(zheng),号为“共(gong)和行(xing)政(zheng)”,共(gong)十四年(nian)(nian)。一说由(you)共(gong)伯(bo)(bo)和摄行(xing)王(wang)(wang)事,号共(gong)和元年(nian)(nian)。周厉(li)(li)王(wang)(wang)死后,始(shi)(shi)归政(zheng)于周宣王(wang)(wang)。这是中国(guo)历史上有确切纪年(nian)(nian)的开始(shi)(shi)。
四十二年(nian),釐(li)侯(hou)卒(zu),太子共伯(bo)(bo)余立为(wei)(wei)君。共伯(bo)(bo)弟和有宠于釐(li)侯(hou),多予之赂(lu)(lu)①;和以其赂(lu)(lu)赂(lu)(lu)士(shi),以袭攻共伯(bo)(bo)于墓上(shang),共伯(bo)(bo)入釐(li)侯(hou)羡自杀②。卫人因葬之釐(li)侯(hou)旁,谥曰共伯(bo)(bo)③,而立和为(wei)(wei)卫侯(hou),是为(wei)(wei)武公。
武(wu)公(gong)(gong)即位,修(xiu)康(kang)叔之政(zheng),百姓和(he)集。四十(shi)二年(nian),犬戌(xu)杀周(zhou)幽王,武(wu)公(gong)(gong)将兵往佐周(zhou)平戎(rong),甚有功,周(zhou)平王命武(wu)公(gong)(gong)为公(gong)(gong)④。五十(shi)五年(nian),卒,子庄公(gong)(gong)扬立。
庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)五年(nian),取齐女(nv)为(wei)夫(fu)人(ren)⑤,好而无子(zi)。又取陈(chen)女(nv)为(wei)夫(fu)人(ren)⑥,生子(zi),蚤(zao)死(si)⑦。陈(chen)女(nv)女(nv)弟(di)亦幸于庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)⑧。而生子(zi)完。完母死(si)⑨,庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)令夫(fu)人(ren)齐女(nv)子(zi)之(zhi),立(li)为(wei)太(tai)子(zi)。庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)有宠妾,生子(zi)州(zhou)吁(yu)。十八年(nian),州(zhou)吁(yu)长,好兵,庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)使将(jiang)。石碏谏庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)曰:“庶子(zi)好兵⑩,使将(jiang),乱自此起。”不听(ting)。二十三年(nian),庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)卒,太(tai)子(zi)完立(li),是为(wei)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)。
桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)二(er)年(nian),弟州(zhou)(zhou)吁(yu)(yu)骄奢(she),桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)绌之(11),州(zhou)(zhou)吁(yu)(yu)出(chu)奔。十(shi)(shi)三年(nian),郑(zheng)伯弟段攻其兄,不(bu)胜,亡,而州(zhou)(zhou)吁(yu)(yu)求与之友。十(shi)(shi)六年(nian),州(zhou)(zhou)吁(yu)(yu)收(shou)聚卫亡人以袭杀桓(huan)公(gong)(gong),州(zhou)(zhou)吁(yu)(yu)自立(li)(li)为卫君。为郑(zheng)伯弟段欲伐郑(zheng),请(qing)宋、陈、蔡(cai)与俱(ju),三国皆(jie)许州(zhou)(zhou)吁(yu)(yu)。州(zhou)(zhou)吁(yu)(yu)新立(li)(li),好兵,弑桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(12),卫人皆(jie)不(bu)爱。石(shi)(shi)碏(que)乃因(yin)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)母家于陈,详为善州(zhou)(zhou)吁(yu)(yu)(13)。至郑(zheng)郊,石(shi)(shi)碏(que)与陈侯共谋(mou),使右(you)宰丑进食,因(yin)杀州(zhou)(zhou)吁(yu)(yu)于濮,而迎桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)弟晋于邢而立(li)(li)之,是为宣公(gong)(gong)。
①多予之(zhi)(zhi)赂(lu)(lu):多给他财(cai)物(wu)。下文(wen)“和(he)以(yi)其(qi)赂(lu)(lu)”之(zhi)(zhi)“赂(lu)(lu)”也是(shi)财(cai)物(wu)的(de)意(yi)思。前文(wen)“顷(qing)侯(hou)厚赂(lu)(lu)周夷王(wang)”之(zhi)(zhi)“赂(lu)(lu)”则(ze)是(shi)赠送(song)财(cai)物(wu)的(de)意(yi)思,有贿赂(lu)(lu)的(de)意(yi)味。下文(wen)中“赂(lu)(lu)士”之(zhi)(zhi)“赂(lu)(lu)”也是(shi)赠送(song)财(cai)物(wu)的(de)意(yi)思,但含(han)有收(shou)买的(de)意(yi)味。②共(gong)伯入釐侯(hou)羡(yán,延)自杀:苏辙(zhe)《古(gu)史》曰:《诗(shi)序(xu)》言共(gong)伯早死(si)(si)(si),初无篡夺之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)。且武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)贤者,卫(wei)人(ren)谓‘睿圣(sheng)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)’,故梁玉(yu)绳认为(wei)(wei)不可能有武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)杀兄代立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)事,恐司马迁(qian)误闻。羡,墓道。③谥:古(gu)代帝王(wang)及官(guan)僚死(si)(si)(si)后,统治阶(jie)级所给予的(de)表示褒(bao)贬的(de)称(cheng)号。④周平王(wang)命(ming)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong):平王(wang)东迁(qian)后,诸(zhu)侯(hou)皆称(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),从未有天子(zi)(zi)命(ming)诸(zhu)侯(hou)为(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者,而是(shi)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)入为(wei)(wei)天子(zi)(zi)卿(qing)士。⑤取:通(tong)“娶(qu)(qu)”。⑥又取女(nv)为(wei)(wei)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren):《诗(shi)·邶风(feng)·燕燕》《疏》曰:《礼》,诸(zhu)侯(hou)不再娶(qu)(qu),且庄(zhuang)姜仍在。《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》惟言又娶(qu)(qu)于陈(chen),不言为(wei)(wei)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren),世家云(yun):“又娶(qu)(qu)陈(chen)女(nv)为(wei)(wei)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren),非也。”详(xiang)见《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)·隐公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三年》。⑦蚤:通(tong)“早”。⑧女(nv)弟:妹妹。⑨完母(mu)死(si)(si)(si):《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》只说陈(chen)女(nv)弟戴妫生桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),未言其(qi)母(mu)死(si)(si)(si)。详(xiang)见《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)·隐公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三年》。⑩庶子(zi)(zi):旧称(cheng)妾所生的(de)儿子(zi)(zi)。(11)绌:通(tong)“黜”。废(fei),贬退。(12)弑(shi):古(gu)时称(cheng)臣杀君、子(zi)(zi)杀父母(mu)为(wei)(wei)弑(shi)。(13)详(xiang):通(tong)“佯”。假(jia)装。
宣(xuan)公七年,鲁弑(shi)其君隐公。九(jiu)年,宋督弑(shi)其君殇公,及孔父(fu)。十年,晋曲沃庄(zhuang)伯弑(shi)其君哀侯①。
十八(ba)年,初,宣公(gong)爱夫人(ren)夷(yi)姜,夷(yi)姜生子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋,以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),而(er)(er)令右公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)傅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。右公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)取齐(qi)女(nv),未入室,而(er)(er)宣公(gong)见(jian)(jian)(jian)所欲为(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)妇者好,说而(er)(er)自取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),更为(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)取他女(nv)。宣公(gong)得(de)齐(qi)女(nv),生子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)寿、子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)(shuo),令左公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)傅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋母死(si),宣公(gong)正夫人(ren)与(yu)朔(shuo)(shuo)共谗恶(e)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋②。宣公(gong)自以(yi)其夺太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)妻也(ye)(ye),心恶(e)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)③,欲废(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。及(ji)闻其恶(e)④,大怒,乃(nai)使太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋于齐(qi)而(er)(er)令盗(dao)(dao)(dao)遮界(jie)(jie)上杀(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)白旄(mao)⑤,而(er)(er)告(gao)界(jie)(jie)盗(dao)(dao)(dao)见(jian)(jian)(jian)持白旄(mao)者杀(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。且行(xing),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兄寿,太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)异母弟也(ye)(ye),知(zhi)朔(shuo)(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恶(e)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)而(er)(er)君(jun)欲杀(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃(nai)谓太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰:“界(jie)(jie)盗(dao)(dao)(dao)见(jian)(jian)(jian)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)白旄(mao),即杀(sha)(sha)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)可(ke)毋(wu)行(xing)。”太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰:“逆(ni)父(fu)命求生,不可(ke)。”遂行(xing)。寿见(jian)(jian)(jian)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不止,乃(nai)盗(dao)(dao)(dao)其白旄(mao)而(er)(er)先驰至界(jie)(jie)。界(jie)(jie)盗(dao)(dao)(dao)见(jian)(jian)(jian)其验(yan)⑥,即杀(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。寿已死(si),而(er)(er)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋又至,谓盗(dao)(dao)(dao)曰:“所当杀(sha)(sha)乃(nai)我也(ye)(ye)。”盗(dao)(dao)(dao)并杀(sha)(sha)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋,以(yi)报宣公(gong)。宣公(gong)乃(nai)以(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)(shuo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。十九年,宣公(gong)卒,太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)(shuo)立,是(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)。
左(zuo)右公(gong)(gong)子不平(ping)朔之(zhi)立(li)也⑦,惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)四年,左(zuo)右公(gong)(gong)子怨惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)谗杀前太子伋而代(dai)立(li),乃作乱,攻惠(hui)公(gong)(gong),立(li)太子伋之(zhi)弟黔牟为(wei)君,惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)奔齐。
卫君黔牟(mou)立(li)(li)八年(nian),齐襄公(gong)(gong)率诸侯(hou)奉王命共伐卫⑧,纳卫惠公(gong)(gong),诛左右公(gong)(gong)子(zi)。卫君黔牟(mou)奔于周,惠公(gong)(gong)复立(li)(li)。惠公(gong)(gong)立(li)(li)三年(nian)出亡,亡八年(nian)复入,与(yu)前(qian)通年(nian)凡十(shi)三年(nian)矣。
二十五年,惠公怨周之容舍黔牟⑨,与(yu)燕伐周。周惠王(wang)奔温(wen),卫、燕立惠王(wang)弟为王(wang)。二十九年⑩,郑复纳惠王(wang)。三十一(yi)年,惠公卒,子(zi)懿公赤立。
懿(yi)公即位,好(hao)鹤,淫乐(le)奢侈。九年,翟(zhai)(zhai)伐(fa)卫(wei)(11),卫(wei)懿(yi)公欲发兵,兵或畔(12)。大臣言曰(13):“君(jun)好(hao)鹤,鹤可令击翟(zhai)(zhai)。”翟(zhai)(zhai)于是遂入(ru),杀懿(yi)公。
懿公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)立也,百姓大(da)臣皆不服。自懿公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)父惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)朔之(zhi)(zhi)谗杀太子伋代立至于(yu)懿公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),常欲(yu)败之(zhi)(zhi)(14),卒灭惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)后而更(geng)立黔(qian)牟之(zhi)(zhi)弟昭伯顽(wan)之(zhi)(zhi)子申为君,是为戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。
戴公(gong)申元年(nian)卒。齐桓公(gong)以(yi)卫数乱,乃率(lv)诸侯伐翟(zhai),为(wei)卫筑楚丘(15),立戴公(gong)弟(di)毁为(wei)卫君,是为(wei)文公(gong)。文公(gong)以(yi)乱故(gu)奔齐,齐人(ren)入之。
初(chu),翟杀懿公(gong)也,卫人(ren)怜(lian)之,思复(fu)(fu)(fu)立宣公(gong)前死太子伋(ji)之后(hou),伋(ji)子又死,而代伋(ji)死者(zhe)子寿(shou)又无子。太子伋(ji)同(tong)母弟二人(ren):其一曰黔(qian)牟(mou),黔(qian)牟(mou)尝代惠公(gong)为君,八年复(fu)(fu)(fu)去(qu);其二曰昭伯(bo)。昭伯(bo)、黔(qian)牟(mou)皆已前死,故立昭伯(bo)子申为戴公(gong)。戴公(gong)卒,复(fu)(fu)(fu)立其弟毁为文公(gong)。
①晋曲沃庄伯弑(shi)其君(jun)哀侯(hou)(hou):此时庄伯已死(si)八年(nian)(nian)(nian),庄伯当作(zuo)(zuo)武(wu)公(gong),即(ji)庄伯之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)称(cheng)。详见《晋世家》。②恶(e)(e):中伤。③恶(e)(e):厌恶(e)(e)、憎(zeng)恨(hen)。④恶(e)(e):不(bu)好(hao),坏(处(chu))。⑤白旄:指用白色牦牛尾作(zuo)(zuo)装饰的使(shi)节(古(gu)代卿大夫聘于(yu)诸侯(hou)(hou)时所持的符信。)《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》作(zuo)(zuo)“旌”。⑥验(yan):证(zheng)据,凭证(zheng)。⑦左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)公(gong)子(zi)(zi):据上(shang)文(wen)“右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)傅(fu)之(zhi)”“左(zuo)(zuo)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)傅(fu)之(zhi)”之(zhi)“左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)”,据《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)·桓公(gong)十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)》载;左(zuo)(zuo)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)名洩,右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)名职。《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》杜预注谓,左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)为“左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)媵(ying)(yìng,硬)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)”,即(ji)随(sui)嫁(jia)(jia)或陪嫁(jia)(jia)女子(zi)(zi)的儿子(zi)(zi)。⑧奉王命:梁玉绳(sheng)《史记志(zhi)疑》云(yun):“《春秋》作(zuo)(zuo)者侯(hou)(hou)纳惠公(gong)乃逆王命也。”⑨容(rong)舍:容(rong)许居留。⑩二十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian):《十(shi)二诸侯(hou)(hou)年(nian)(nian)(nian)表(biao)》作(zuo)(zuo)“二十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)”。(11)翟:通“狄”,部族名。(12)畔:通“叛”。(13)大臣言曰:《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)·闵(min)公(gong)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)》言国人以鹤诮卫(wei)懿(yi)公(gong),非大臣言之(zhi)。(14)败:摧残(can)。(15)为卫(wei)筑(zhu)(zhu)楚丘(qiu):《十(shi)二诸侯(hou)(hou)年(nian)(nian)(nian)表(biao)》及《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》皆曰筑(zhu)(zhu)楚丘(qiu)城在卫(wei)文(wen)公(gong)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)。
文公初(chu)立(li),轻赋平罪①,身(shen)自劳,与(yu)百姓同苦(ku),以收(shou)卫(wei)民(min)。
十六年②,晋公子重(zhong)耳过,无礼。十七年,齐桓公卒(zu)。二十五年,文(wen)公卒(zu),子成公郑立。
成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)三年(nian)(nian)(nian),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)欲假道于(yu)卫(wei)救宋③,成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)不许。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)更(geng)从南(nan)河度④,救宋。征师于(yu)卫(wei),卫(wei)大(da)夫欲许,成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)不肯(ken)。大(da)夫元咺攻成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong),成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)出(chu)奔(ben)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)重(zhong)耳伐卫(wei),分其地(di)予宋,讨前过无(wu)礼及不救宋患也⑤。卫(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)遂(sui)出(chu)奔(ben)陈。二岁,如周(zhou)(zhou)求入(ru),与晋(jin)(jin)(jin)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)会。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)使人鸩(zhen)卫(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)⑥,成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)私于(yu)周(zhou)(zhou)主(zhu)鸩(zhen)⑦,令(ling)薄(bo),得(de)不死。已而周(zhou)(zhou)为请晋(jin)(jin)(jin)文公(gong)(gong)(gong),卒(zu)入(ru)之(zhi)卫(wei),而诛元咺,卫(wei)君(jun)瑕出(chu)奔(ben)⑧。七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)卒(zu)。十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian),成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)朝晋(jin)(jin)(jin)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian),秦穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)卒(zu)。二十(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),齐邴歜(chu)弑(shi)其君(jun)懿(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。三十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian),成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)卒(zu)⑨,子穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)遬立。
穆公(gong)二年(nian)(nian),楚庄王伐(fa)(fa)陈,杀(sha)夏征(zheng)舒。三(san)年(nian)(nian),楚庄王围郑(zheng),郑(zheng)降,复(fu)释(shi)之。十(shi)一年(nian)(nian),孙良夫(fu)救鲁(lu)伐(fa)(fa)齐,复(fu)得侵地。穆公(gong)卒,子(zi)定(ding)公(gong)臧立(li)。定(ding)公(gong)十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)卒,子(zi)献公(gong)臧立(li)。
①轻赋平(ping)罪(zui):减轻赋税,公平(ping)断狱。②十(shi)(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian):《十(shi)(shi)(shi)二诸侯(hou)年(nian)(nian)(nian)表》作“二十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)”。③晋(jin)欲假(jia)(jia)道(dao)于卫救(jiu)宋:《左传·僖(xi)公二十(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)》言假(jia)(jia)道(dao)伐曹,非为(wei)救(jiu)宋也(ye)。此误。④度:通“渡”。⑤讨前(qian)过(guo)(guo)无(wu)礼(li)及(ji)不(bu)(bu)救(jiu)宋患(huan)也(ye):应是(shi)讨前(qian)过(guo)(guo)无(wu)礼(li)及(ji)不(bu)(bu)肯假(jia)(jia)道(dao),非为(wei)不(bu)(bu)救(jiu)宋也(ye)。⑥鸩(zhen)(zhèn,镇(zhen)):以毒酒(jiu)害人。⑦周主鸩(zhen):《左传·僖(xi)公三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)》言“晋(jin)侯(hou)使(shi)医(yi)衍鸩(zhen)卫侯(hou)。宁俞贷(dai)医(yi),使(shi)薄其(qi)鸩(zhen),不(bu)(bu)死。”非成(cheng)公私之。“周”当作“晋(jin)”。⑧卫君瑕(xia)出奔(ben):《左传·僖(xi)公十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)》经云:“卫杀其(qi)大夫元咺及(ji)公子瑕(xia)。”此言“奔(ben)”,恐误。⑨成(cheng)公卒:鲁僖(xi)公三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian),卫成(cheng)公徙都(dou)帝丘(qiu)。迁都(dou)大事(shi)而未书。
献(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)十三(san)年,公(gong)(gong)(gong)令师(shi)曹(cao)(cao)教宫妾(qie)鼓琴,妾(qie)不善,曹(cao)(cao)笞之(zhi)①。妾(qie)以幸恶曹(cao)(cao)于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong),公(gong)(gong)(gong)亦笞曹(cao)(cao)三(san)百。十八年,献(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)戒(jie)孙(sun)文(wen)子(zi)(zi)、宁惠子(zi)(zi)食②,皆往。日旰不召③,而(er)去射(she)鸿于(yu)(yu)囿(you)④。二子(zi)(zi)从之(zhi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)不释(shi)射(she)服与(yu)之(zhi)言。二子(zi)(zi)怒(nu),如宿⑤。孙(sun)文(wen)子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)数侍公(gong)(gong)(gong)饮⑥,使(shi)师(shi)曹(cao)(cao)歌《巧言》之(zhi)卒章(zhang)⑦。师(shi)曹(cao)(cao)又(you)怒(nu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)尝(chang)笞三(san)百,乃歌之(zhi),欲以怒(nu)孙(sun)文(wen)子(zi)(zi),报(bao)卫献(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。文(wen)子(zi)(zi)语(yu)蘧(qu)伯玉,伯玉曰:“臣不知也(ye)。”遂攻(gong)出献(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。献(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)奔齐,齐置卫献(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)于(yu)(yu)聚邑⑧。孙(sun)文(wen)子(zi)(zi)、宁惠子(zi)(zi)共(gong)立定公(gong)(gong)(gong)弟秋(qiu)为卫君,是(shi)为殇公(gong)(gong)(gong)。
殇(shang)公(gong)秋立,封孙(sun)文子林(lin)(lin)父于宿⑨。十二年(nian)(nian),宁喜与孙(sun)林(lin)(lin)父争(zheng)宠相恶(e),殇(shang)公(gong)使宁喜攻孙(sun)林(lin)(lin)父。林(lin)(lin)父奔晋(jin),复(fu)求入(ru)故卫(wei)(wei)献公(gong)⑩。献公(gong)在(zai)齐,齐景公(gong)闻(wen)之,与卫(wei)(wei)献公(gong)如晋(jin)求入(ru)。晋(jin)为(wei)伐卫(wei)(wei),诱与盟。卫(wei)(wei)殇(shang)公(gong)会晋(jin)平(ping)公(gong),平(ping)公(gong)执殇(shang)公(gong)与宁喜而复(fu)入(ru)卫(wei)(wei)献公(gong)。献公(gong)亡在(zai)外十二年(nian)(nian)而入(ru)。
献公后(hou)元年,诛宁喜。
三年(nian),吴延陵季子使(shi)过卫,见蘧伯玉、史曰(yue):“卫多(duo)君(jun)子,其国无故。”过宿,孙林父(fu)为击磬(11),曰(yue):“不乐,音大悲,使(shi)卫乱乃此矣。”是年(nian),献(xian)公(gong)卒,子襄公(gong)恶立。
①笞:指(zhi)用竹板或荆条打(脊背或臀(tun)腿)。②戒:告请(qing)。③旰:天色晚,晚上。④囿:古代(dai)(dai)帝王畜养禽兽(shou)的(de)园林(lin)。⑤如宿(su):“宿(su)”亦(yi)作“戚(qi)”,二字古通用。孙(sun)(sun)(sun)文子采邑。据《左(zuo)传(chuan)·襄公(gong)十四年》载(zai):“二子怒(nu)。孙(sun)(sun)(sun)文子如戚(qi)。”可知这里应指(zhi)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)文子如宿(su),非宁子亦(yi)往。此(ci)(ci)似(si)有误。⑥数:屡次(ci)。⑦《巧言》:《诗(shi)·小雅》篇名,其卒(zu)章曰:“彼何人斯?居河(he)之糜。无拳无勇,职为(wei)乱(luan)阶。”公(gong)欲以(yi)比文子居河(he)上而(er)为(wei)乱(luan)。卒(zu)章,末(mo)章。⑧聚(ju)邑:《左(zuo)传(chuan)·襄公(gong)十四年》云:“以(yi)寄卫侯”。此(ci)(ci)误“”为(wei)“聚(ju)”。⑨封孙(sun)(sun)(sun)文子林(lin)父于宿(su):“宿(su)”早为(wei)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)文子封邑,此(ci)(ci)说始封,误。⑩复(fu)求(qiu)入故卫献公(gong):《左(zuo)传(chuan)·襄公(gong)二十六年》载(zai):宁喜欲复(fu)献公(gong),故伐(fa)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)氏,弑(shi)殇公(gong),孙(sun)(sun)(sun)林(lin)父以(yi)戚(qi)如晋。此(ci)(ci)言宁、孙(sun)(sun)(sun)争宠云云,恐误。(11)磬(qìng,庆(qing)):古代(dai)(dai)石(shi)制(zhi)乐(le)器(qi)。用美(mei)石(shi)或玉雕(diao)成(cheng),悬(xuan)挂于架上,以(yi)物击之而(er)鸣(ming)。
襄公(gong)六年(nian),楚(chu)灵王会诸侯,襄公(gong)称(cheng)病不往。
九年,襄(xiang)公(gong)卒(zu)。初,襄(xiang)公(gong)有(you)贱妾(qie),幸之(zhi),有(you)身,梦有(you)人谓曰(yue)①:“我康叔也(ye),令若子(zi)(zi)必有(you)卫,名(ming)而子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)‘元’。”妾(qie)怪之(zhi),问孔成(cheng)子(zi)(zi)。成(cheng)子(zi)(zi)曰(yue):“康叔者,卫祖也(ye)。”及(ji)生子(zi)(zi),男也(ye),以告襄(xiang)公(gong)。襄(xiang)公(gong)曰(yue):“天所置(zhi)也(ye)。”名(ming)之(zhi)曰(yue)元。襄(xiang)公(gong)夫人无子(zi)(zi),于是乃立元为(wei)嗣,是为(wei)灵公(gong)。
灵公(gong)五(wu)年(nian),朝晋(jin)昭公(gong)。六年(nian),楚公(gong)子弃疾弑(shi)灵王自立,为平王。十一年(nian),火②。
三十八年,孔子来,禄之如鲁。后(hou)有隙,孔子去。后(hou)复来。
①梦有人谓曰(yue):《左(zuo)传·昭公(gong)七年》载孔(kong)成子、史(shi)朝梦康(kang)叔,与(yu)此处所说(shuo)不同。②火:据《左(zuo)传·昭公(gong)十八年》载,因大风(feng),火灾(zai)遍及宋、卫、陈、郑(zheng)。
三十(shi)九年,太子(zi)蒯(kuai)聩与灵公(gong)夫人南(nan)子(zi)有恶(e),欲杀南(nan)子(zi)。蒯(kuai)聩与其徒(tu)戏阳(yang)遬谋,朝,使杀夫人。戏阳(yang)后悔,不果。蒯(kuai)聩数目之,夫人觉之,惧,呼曰(yue):“太子(zi)欲杀我!”灵公(gong)怒,太子(zi)蒯(kuai)聩奔宋(song),已而之晋(jin)赵氏。
四十二年春,灵(ling)公(gong)游于郊,令子(zi)郢(ying)仆(pu)①。郢(ying),灵(ling)公(gong)少子(zi)也(ye),字子(zi)南。灵(ling)公(gong)怨(yuan)太(tai)子(zi)出奔(ben),谓郢(ying)曰(yue)(yue):“我将立若为后。”郢(ying)对曰(yue)(yue):“郢(ying)不足以辱(ru)社(she)稷,君更图之(zhi)。”夏,灵(ling)公(gong)卒,夫人命子(zi)郢(ying)为太(tai)子(zi),曰(yue)(yue):“此灵(ling)公(gong)命也(ye)。”郢(ying)曰(yue)(yue):“亡(wang)人太(tai)子(zi)蒯聩之(zhi)子(zi)辄在也(ye),不敢当。”于是卫乃以辄为君,是为出公(gong)。
六(liu)月乙酉,赵简子欲入(ru)蒯聩,乃令阳虎诈命卫(wei)十余人衰绖归②,简子送(song)蒯聩。卫(wei)人闻之,发兵击(ji)蒯聩。蒯聩不(bu)得入(ru),入(ru)宿(su)而保,卫(wei)人亦罢兵③。出公(gong)辄四年,齐田乞弑其君孺(ru)子。八(ba)年,齐鲍(bao)子弑其君悼公(gong)。
孔子自陈入卫④。九年,孔文子问兵于(yu)仲尼,仲尼不对。其后鲁迎仲尼,仲尼反鲁⑤。
十二年(nian),初(chu),孔(kong)圉(yu)文(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)取太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯聩(kui)之(zhi)姊,生(sheng)悝(kui)。孔(kong)氏(shi)之(zhi)浑良(liang)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)美好⑥ ,孔(kong)文(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)卒,良(liang)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)通于悝(kui)母。太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在宿,悝(kui)母使良(liang)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)于太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)良(liang)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)言曰:“苟能(neng)入我国,报子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)乘轩⑦,免(mian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)三死(si)⑧,毋所(suo)与(yu)⑨。”与(yu)之(zhi)盟,许以(yi)悝(kui)母为(wei)妻。闰月,良(liang)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)与(yu)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)入,舍(she)孔(kong)氏(shi)之(zhi)外圃。昏,二人(ren)(ren)蒙衣而乘,宦者罗御(yu),如孔(kong)氏(shi)。孔(kong)氏(shi)之(zhi)老栾宁(ning)问之(zhi)⑩,称姻(yin)妾以(yi)告(11)。遂入,适伯(bo)姬氏(shi)。既食,悝(kui)母杖戈(ge)而先,太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)五人(ren)(ren)介,舆猳(jia)从之(zhi)(12)。伯(bo)姬劫悝(kui)于厕(13),强盟之(zhi),遂劫以(yi)登台。栾宁(ning)将饮酒,炙未(wei)熟(14),闻乱,使告仲(zhong)由。召护驾(jia)乘车,行爵食炙,奉出公辄(zhe)奔鲁。
仲由(you)(you)将(jiang)入(ru),遇子(zi)(zi)(zi)羔将(jiang)出,曰(yue)(yue):“门已(yi)闭矣(yi)。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)(lu)曰(yue)(yue):“吾(wu)姑至矣(yi)。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)羔曰(yue)(yue):“不(bu)及,莫(mo)践(jian)其(qi)难(nan)。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)(lu)曰(yue)(yue):“食焉不(bu)辟其(qi)难(nan)(15)。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)羔遂出。子(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)(lu)入(ru),及门,公(gong)孙(sun)敢阖门,曰(yue)(yue):“毋入(ru)为也!”子(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)(lu)曰(yue)(yue):“是公(gong)孙(sun)也?求利(li)而逃其(qi)难(nan)。由(you)(you)不(bu)然,利(li)其(qi)禄,必(bi)救其(qi)患(huan)。”有使(shi)者出,子(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)(lu)乃(nai)得(de)入(ru)。曰(yue)(yue):“太子(zi)(zi)(zi)焉用(yong)孔(kong)(kong)悝?虽杀之(zhi),必(bi)或继(ji)之(zhi)。”且曰(yue)(yue):“太子(zi)(zi)(zi)无勇(yong)。若燔台(tai),必(bi)舍孔(kong)(kong)叔(16)。”太子(zi)(zi)(zi)闻之(zhi),惧,下石乞、盂黡敌子(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)(lu),以戈击之(zhi),割缨(17)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)(lu)曰(yue)(yue):“君子(zi)(zi)(zi)死,冠不(bu)免。”结缨而死。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)闻卫乱,曰(yue)(yue):“嗟乎!柴也其(qi)来乎?由(you)(you)也其(qi)死矣(yi)。”孔(kong)(kong)悝竟立(li)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯聩(kui),是为庄(zhuang)公(gong)。
①仆:驾(jia)车(che)(che)。②衰(cuī,崔)绖(dié,迭)归:穿着丧服(fu)归来。衰,通(tong)“缞”。丧服(fu),用(yong)麻布(bu)制成,披在胸前(qian)。绖,用(yong)麻布(bu)做成的丧带(dai),系(xi)在腰间或(huo)头(tou)上(shang)。③此(ci)(ci)段记(ji)述与《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》所(suo)载颇有(you)出入(ru)(ru)。《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)·哀(ai)公(gong)二(er)年》云(yun):“六月(yue)乙酉,晋赵鞅纳卫(wei)大子于(yu)戚。宵迷,阳虎曰:‘右(you)河而南,必至(zhi)焉。’使大子絻,八人(ren)(ren)(ren)衰绖,伪自(zi)(zi)卫(wei)逆者。告于(yu)门,哭而入(ru)(ru),遂(sui)居之。”不(bu)唯“十余人(ren)(ren)(ren)”与“八人(ren)(ren)(ren)”不(bu)符,亦且(qie)无卫(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)发(fa)兵击太(tai)子事。④孔(kong)(kong)子自(zi)(zi)陈入(ru)(ru)卫(wei):此(ci)(ci)说在卫(wei)出公(gong)八年,据《孔(kong)(kong)子世家(jia)(jia)》,时(shi)孔(kong)(kong)子自(zi)(zi)楚(chu)入(ru)(ru)卫(wei)已五年矣。⑤反:通(tong)“返(fan)”。⑥:旧称(cheng)童仆。⑦轩:古代一种供大夫以上(shang)乘坐的轻便车(che)(che)。⑧三死(si)(si):即三种死(si)(si)罪。指良(liang)夫曾着紫(zi)衣(yi)(yi)、袒裘(qiu)、食不(bu)释剑(jian)(jian)。盖紫(zi)衣(yi)(yi),乃君服(fu);袒裘(qiu)、食不(bu)释剑(jian)(jian),均不(bu)敬。按:此(ci)(ci)段和下(xia)段所(suo)记(ji)史实,见(jian)于(yu)《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)·哀(ai)公(gong)十五年》,而良(liang)夫紫(zi)衣(yi)(yi)、袒裘(qiu)、不(bu)释剑(jian)(jian)而食之事则见(jian)于(yu)《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)·哀(ai)公(gong)十七(qi)年》。⑨与:在其(qi)中(zhong)。⑩老(lao):家(jia)(jia)臣称(cheng)老(lao)。(11)姻妾:指有(you)婚(hun)姻关系(xi)的亲戚家(jia)(jia)的侍妾。(12)舆(yú,于(yu)):车(che)(che)。此(ci)(ci)为动词,载着。猳(jiā,加):公(gong)猪。(13)厕:通(tong)“侧”。(14)炙(zhī,至(zhi)):烤肉。(15)辟(pi):躲避,避免。(16)燔(fán,凡):焚烧。舍(shě,捨):放(fang)弃,这里是释放(fang)的意思。(17)缨:系(xi)在颔(han)下(xia)的帽带(dai)。
庄公蒯(kuai)聩者(zhe),出公父也,居外(wai),怨大夫莫迎立。元年即(ji)位,欲尽诛大臣(chen),曰:“寡人居外(wai)久矣,子亦尝闻之乎?”群臣(chen)欲作乱(luan)①,乃(nai)止。
二年,鲁孔丘卒。
三年,庄公(gong)上(shang)城,见戎州。曰:“戎虏何为(wei)是?”戎州病之②。十月,戎州告赵简子,简子围卫(wei)。十一月,庄公(gong)出奔,卫(wei)人(ren)立公(gong)子斑师(shi)为(wei)卫(wei)君。齐伐卫(wei),虏斑师(shi),更立公(gong)子起(qi)为(wei)卫(wei)君。
卫(wei)君起元(yuan)年(nian),卫(wei)石曼尃逐其君起③,起奔齐。卫(wei)出公辄(zhe)自齐复(fu)归立(li)。初,出公立(li)十二年(nian)亡(wang),亡(wang)在(zai)外四年(nian)复(fu)入(ru)。出公后元(yuan)年(nian),赏(shang)从亡(wang)者。立(li)二十一年(nian)卒(zu),出公季(ji)父黔攻出公子而自立(li),是为悼公④。
①群臣欲作(zuo)乱(luan):据《左(zuo)传·哀(ai)公(gong)十五年(nian)(nian)》所(suo)载,此段事(shi)实当是(shi)(shi):卫庄公(gong)害故政,欲尽(jin)去之,并将此事(shi)先告(gao)诉了司徒瞒(man)成(cheng),瞒(man)成(cheng)归而(er)告(gao)褚师比(bi),二人(ren)(ren)伐公(gong)不(bu)果,明年(nian)(nian),二子出奔宋。②病:担忧、患(huan)苦。③石(shi)(shi)曼尃:卫大夫(fu),《左(zuo)传·哀(ai)公(gong)十七年(nian)(nian)》作(zuo)“石(shi)(shi)圃”,“曼”字系衍文。④是(shi)(shi)为悼公(gong):据《左(zuo)传·哀(ai)公(gong)二十六年(nian)(nian)》载,悼公(gong)乃卫人(ren)(ren)立之,无攻(gong)出公(gong)子之事(shi)。
悼公(gong)五年卒,子敬公(gong)弗(fu)立①。敬公(gong)十九年卒,子昭(zhao)公(gong)纠立。是(shi)时三(san)晋(jin)强,卫如(ru)小侯,属之。
昭(zhao)公(gong)六年,公(gong)子(zi)(zi)亹弑之代立,是为(wei)(wei)怀(huai)(huai)公(gong)②。怀(huai)(huai)公(gong)十(shi)一年,公(gong)子(zi)(zi)弑怀(huai)(huai)公(gong)而代立,是为(wei)(wei)慎(shen)公(gong)。慎(shen)公(gong)父(fu)(fu),公(gong)子(zi)(zi)适;适父(fu)(fu),敬公(gong)也(ye)。慎(shen)公(gong)四十(shi)二年卒(zu),子(zi)(zi)声公(gong)训立。声公(gong)十(shi)一年卒(zu),子(zi)(zi)成(cheng)侯遬立③。
成侯十一年(nian)④,公孙鞅入秦。十六年(nian),卫更贬号曰侯。
二十(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian),成侯(hou)卒,子平侯(hou)立。平侯(hou)八年(nian)(nian)卒,子嗣君(jun)立。嗣君(jun)五年(nian)(nian),更贬号曰君(jun),独(du)有濮阳。
四十(shi)二年卒(zu),子怀君(jun)立(li)。怀君(jun)三(san)十(shi)一年,朝魏(wei)(wei),魏(wei)(wei)囚(qiu)杀怀君(jun)。魏(wei)(wei)更立(li)嗣(si)君(jun)弟,是为元(yuan)君(jun)。元(yuan)君(jun)为魏(wei)(wei)婿,故魏(wei)(wei)立(li)之。元(yuan)君(jun)十(shi)四年⑤,秦(qin)拔魏(wei)(wei)东地,秦(qin)初置东郡,更徙(xi)卫野(ye)王县,而并濮(pu)阳为东郡。二十(shi)五年,元(yuan)君(jun)卒(zu),子君(jun)角(jiao)立(li)。
君(jun)角九年,秦(qin)并天(tian)下,立为始皇帝。二十一年,二世废君(jun)角为庶人(ren),卫绝(jue)祀。
①子敬(jing)公弗立(li):《集(ji)解》引《世本(ben)(ben)》作(zuo)“敬(jing)公费”。②是(shi)为怀(huai)公:《六国(guo)年表》作(zuo)“悼公”。③子成(cheng)(cheng)侯遬(su)立(li):《世本(ben)(ben)》作(zuo)“成(cheng)(cheng)侯不(bu)逝”。前穆(mu)公已名遬(su),此(ci)不(bu)可再名遬(su)。④成(cheng)(cheng)侯十一年:据《秦(qin)(qin)本(ben)(ben)纪(ji)》载,卫(wei)鞅入秦(qin)(qin)在(zai)(zai)秦(qin)(qin)孝公元年,当卫(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)侯十五年。此(ci)与(yu)《六国(guo)年表》皆(jie)误。⑤元君十四(si)年:元君在(zai)(zai)位共二(er)十五年,《六国(guo)年表》误作(zuo)二(er)十三年。秦(qin)(qin)拔(ba)魏东地(di),置东郡在(zai)(zai)秦(qin)(qin)王政五年,当元君二(er)十四(si)年,此(ci)“元君”下脱(tuo)“二(er)”字。
太史公曰:余读世家言,至于宣公之太子以妇见诛,弟寿争死以相让,此与晋太子申生不敢明骊姬之过同,俱恶伤父之志。然卒死亡,何其悲也!或父子相杀,兄弟相灭,亦独何哉?
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