德建名立 形(xing)端表正——千字(zi)文翻译与详细解析
一、注(zhu)音:德建名(ming)立(dé jiàn míng lì), 形端表正(xíng duān biǎo zhèng)。
二(er)、翻译(yi):养成(cheng)了(le)好的道德,就(jiu)会(hui)有(you)好的名声(sheng);就(jiu)如(ru)同形体端(duan)庄了(le),仪表就(jiu)正(zheng)直(zhi)了(le)一样。
三、详(xiang)细解析(xi):(整理资(zi)料(liao),仅供(gong)参考)这(zhei)(zhei)两句话(hua)着重讨论了(le)德(de)(de)(de)与名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、形与表的两种关(guan)系。“德(de)(de)(de)”与“名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”是(shi)(shi)一(yi)对,名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)是(shi)(shi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)利(li)(li)的简(jian)称。人(ren)(ren)没(mei)有(you)一(yi)个不(bu)追求(qiu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)利(li)(li)的,说(shuo)不(bu)想那(nei)是(shi)(shi)因为没(mei)有(you)条件与机会。人(ren)(ren)求(qiu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)利(li)(li)、求(qiu)好的果(guo)报就(jiu)应该种好的因,种瓜(gua)得(de)瓜(gua)种豆得(de)豆。“德(de)(de)(de)”是(shi)(shi)因“名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”是(shi)(shi)果(guo),德(de)(de)(de)建才(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)立,因好果(guo)必好,这(zhei)(zhei)是(shi)(shi)自然(ran)的道理。如果(guo)我们反过来,倒果(guo)为因,只求(qiu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)利(li)(li)不(bu)管德(de)(de)(de)行,那(nei)是(shi)(shi)缘木求(qiu)鱼。“缺德(de)(de)(de)”哪里能(neng)(neng)求(qiu)到“善(shan)果(guo)”呢(ni)?古人(ren)(ren)说(shuo)“德(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)摇钱树,信是(shi)(shi)聚(ju)宝盆”。有(you)了(le)德(de)(de)(de)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)童(tong)叟(sou)无(wu)欺,有(you)了(le)信才(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)货真价实,这(zhei)(zhei)样做贸易(yi)不(bu)想发财都不(bu)可能(neng)(neng)。这(zhei)(zhei)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)孔子在《易(yi)经(jing)•系辞(ci)》中(zhong)说(shuo)的:“善(shan)不(bu)积不(bu)足以成名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),恶(e)不(bu)积不(bu)足以灭身。”
由此(ci)再进一(yi)步(bu)要明白道(dao)(dao)(dao)与(yu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)关(guan)系。德(de)(de)(de)(de)者(zhe)得也,老(lao)子《道(dao)(dao)(dao)德(de)(de)(de)(de)经(jing)》五千言,前面三千字(zi)(zi)为(wei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)经(jing),后面二(er)千字(zi)(zi)为(wei)德(de)(de)(de)(de)经(jing)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)为(wei)理体,譬如我们出(chu)门之前要看地图,定好方位,然后开车(che)出(chu)发,就是(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)去(qu)永远没(mei)有(you)(you)德(de)(de)(de)(de)。明道(dao)(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)行道(dao)(dao)(dao),永远不(bu)(bu)会(hui)有(you)(you)德(de)(de)(de)(de)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)与(yu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)很难兼得,有(you)(you)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)人不(bu)(bu)一(yi)定有(you)(you)德(de)(de)(de)(de),有(you)(you)德(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)人不(bu)(bu)一(yi)定有(you)(you)道(dao)(dao)(dao),只有(you)(you)得道(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)人才(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)德(de)(de)(de)(de)兼备。否则就是(shi)(shi)(shi)“有(you)(you)道(dao)(dao)(dao)无德(de)(de)(de)(de),必定招魔(mo);有(you)(you)德(de)(de)(de)(de)无道(dao)(dao)(dao),一(yi)座空(kong)庙”。不(bu)(bu)积功累德(de)(de)(de)(de),一(yi)味地盲(mang)修瞎炼,一(yi)定会(hui)走火入魔(mo),因为(wei)修行没(mei)有(you)(you)资粮。外表道(dao)(dao)(dao)貌(mao)岸(an)然,实(shi)质浮(fu)躁虚饰的(de)人,内里一(yi)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)的(de),因为(wei)他根(gen)本没(mei)有(you)(you)明道(dao)(dao)(dao)。
“形”与“表(biao)(biao)”又(you)是一对,这里的(de)“形”指的(de)是人的(de)整(zheng)体形态(tai),身(shen)心(xin)(xin)两(liang)部分都包括在(zai)内。心(xin)(xin)正才能身(shen)正,身(shen)正了(le)仪表(biao)(biao)容(rong)(rong)貌(mao)自然端正。人的(de)形体健美、容(rong)(rong)貌(mao)姣好的(de)根(gen)本在(zai)于(yu)心(xin)(xin)地,整(zheng)容(rong)(rong)化妆是没有用的(de),起(qi)码(ma)不能长久。所以善良之心(xin)(xin)能将(jiang)人变丑为(wei)美,歹毒之心(xin)(xin)会使人面目狰狞。有兴趣的(de)人可以读读陈希夷的(de)《心(xin)(xin)相篇》,其文着重谈的(de)就是心(xin)(xin)与貌(mao)的(de)关系。
为(wei)什么“形端”就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)(neng)“表正(zheng)”呢?这就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)谈(tan)到诸子百家(jia)里(li)的(de)(de)《管(guan)(guan)(guan)子》。《管(guan)(guan)(guan)子》是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)历史上(shang),也是(shi)(shi)世界历史上(shang)谈(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理学的(de)(de)第一书(shu)。现代管(guan)(guan)(guan)理学上(shang)自以为(wei)是(shi)(shi)新发现的(de)(de)东(dong)西,其实都可(ke)以在(zai)《管(guan)(guan)(guan)子》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)找到雏(chu)形。管(guan)(guan)(guan)子是(shi)(shi)齐(qi)桓公(gong)的(de)(de)首(shou)(shou)相,他通过发展经济(ji),帮(bang)助齐(qi)桓公(gong)富国(guo)强兵,使齐(qi)国(guo)一跃成为(wei)春(chun)秋诸国(guo)之(zhi)首(shou)(shou)。《管(guan)(guan)(guan)子•心术篇》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)说:“形不(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)者(zhe)德(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)来,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)精者(zhe)心不(bu)(bu)(bu)治(zhi)。正(zheng)形饰德(de)(de),万物必得”。管(guan)(guan)(guan)子认为(wei),人的(de)(de)身为(wei)馆(guan)(guan)舍德(de)(de)如贵(gui)宾(bin),馆(guan)(guan)舍不(bu)(bu)(bu)打扫干净就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)留贵(gui)宾(bin)常驻(zhu)。为(wei)了留住“德(de)(de)”这个贵(gui)宾(bin),我(wo)们的(de)(de)身体,这个馆(guan)(guan)舍就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)一定要端正(zheng)。形体端正(zheng)了,内心的(de)(de)德(de)(de)建立(li)起来了,仪(yi)容(rong)仪(yi)表自然而(er)然就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)端正(zheng)了。
四、说明:
《千字文》语(yu)句(ju)平白如话(hua),易诵易记(ji),是我国影响(xiang)很大(da)的儿童(tong)启蒙读物。现在国学之风渐(jian)起,很多孩子在朗(lang)诵,但年(nian)代久(jiu)远(yuan),很多意(yi)思(si)我们已经不易弄明(ming)白,故华语(yu)网【binful.cn】精心整理(li)了(le)《千字文》相关解(jie)析资料(liao),内(nei)容(rong)参考多方面资料(liao),不能确保绝对(dui)准确,仅供参考。
[1] [2]
更多有关千字文 的资料