《谏太宗十(shi)思疏》有(you)关资料(liao)
一、魏徵进谏言录
1.上(唐太宗,下同(tong))谓魏徵曰:“人(ren)主何为而明,何为而暗?”对曰:“兼听(ting)则明,偏听(ting)则暗。”
2.上谓(wei)侍臣曰:“人言天(tian)(tian)子至尊,无(wu)所(suo)畏惮(dan),朕(zhen)则不然。上畏皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)监临,下惮(dan)群(qun)臣之(zhi)瞻仰,兢兢业(ye)业(ye),犹恐(kong)不合(he)天(tian)(tian)意,未副人望。”魏徵曰:“此诚(cheng)致治之(zhi)要,愿陛下慎终如始,则善矣(yi)。”
3.上谓侍臣(chen)曰(yue)(yue):“朕观《隋(sui)炀(yang)帝集》,文辞奥博,亦知(zhi)是尧(yao)舜而非(fei)桀纣(zhou)(zhou),然行事何其(qi)反也(ye)!”魏徵对曰(yue)(yue):“人君(jun)虽圣(sheng)哲,犹当虚(xu)己(ji)以(yi)受人,故(gu)(gu)智者献其(qi)谋,勇者竭其(qi)力。炀(yang)帝恃(shi)其(qi)俊才,骄矜自用,故(gu)(gu)口诵尧(yao)舜之言而身为桀纣(zhou)(zhou)之行,曾(ceng)不自知(zhi),以(yi)至覆亡也(ye)。”上曰(yue)(yue):“前事不远,吾属之师也(ye)。”
4.上问侍(shi)臣:“创(chuang)业(ye)与(yu)守(shou)成(cheng)(cheng)孰难(nan)(nan)?”房玄龄(ling)曰(yue):“草昧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初,与(yu)群雄(xiong)并起,角力(li)而(er)后臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),创(chuang)业(ye)难(nan)(nan)矣!”魏徵(zhi)曰(yue):“自古帝王莫不得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)艰难(nan)(nan),失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)安(an)逸,守(shou)成(cheng)(cheng)难(nan)(nan)矣!”上曰(yue):“玄龄(ling)与(yu)吾共(gong)取天下,出(chu)百死,得一(yi)生,故知创(chuang)业(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难(nan)(nan);徵(zhi)与(yu)吾共(gong)安(an)天下,常恐骄奢(she)生于(yu)(yu)富(fu)贵(gui),祸乱生于(yu)(yu)所(suo)忽,故知守(shou)成(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难(nan)(nan)。然(ran)创(chuang)业(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难(nan)(nan),既(ji)已往矣;守(shou)成(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难(nan)(nan),方当与(yu)诸公慎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”
5.上曰(yue)(yue):“贞观之前,从(cong)朕经营天下(xia),玄龄之功(gong)也(ye)(ye);贞观以来,绳愆纠(jiu)谬,魏徵之功(gong)也(ye)(ye)。”皆赐之佩刀(dao)。上谓(wei)徵曰(yue)(yue):“朕政(zheng)事何(he)如往年?”对曰(yue)(yue):“威(wei)德所加,比贞观之初则(ze)逮(dai)(dai)矣(yi),人悦服(fu)则(ze)不逮(dai)(dai)也(ye)(ye)。”上曰(yue)(yue):“远方畏威(wei)慕德,故(gu)来服(fu);若其不逮(dai)(dai),何(he)以致之?”对曰(yue)(yue):“陛下(xia)往以未治(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)忧,故(gu)德义(yi)日新;今(jin)(jin)以既治(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)安(an),故(gu)不逮(dai)(dai)。”上曰(yue)(yue):“今(jin)(jin)所为(wei)(wei)犹(you)往年也(ye)(ye),何(he)以异(yi)?”对曰(yue)(yue):“陛下(xia)贞观之初,恐人不谏,常导之使(shi)言,中间悦而从(cong)之;今(jin)(jin)则(ze)不然,虽(sui)勉从(cong)之,犹(you)有难色,所以异(yi)也(ye)(ye)。”
二、补充注释
1.求木(mu)之长者。长:另有(you)一种解释(shi),认为(wei)(wei)“长”应读cháng,即“高大(da)”之意(yi),可能考虑到与(yu)“流(liu)之远(yuan)”的“远(yuan)”相对。但从(cong)文意(yi)推敲,仍理(li)解为(wei)(wei)“生长”之意(yi)为(wei)(wei)好。“固其(qi)根(gen)本”,与(yu)树(shu)是否能存活生长有(you)关;而有(you)些树(shu),即使“固其(qi)根(gen)本”,也是长不高大(da)的。
2.戒(jie)奢以俭(jian)。以:另一种解释是把“以”看作介词;“戒(jie)奢以俭(jian)”意为(wei)“用(yong)节(jie)俭(jian)来(lai)戒(jie)掉奢侈”,也通。
3.诚(cheng)能(neng)(neng)见可(ke)欲。“诚(cheng)能(neng)(neng)”二字(zi)是(shi)贯穿整个(ge)“十思”的,即(ji)“如果(guo)真的能(neng)(neng)够做到……”的意思。
4.三(san)驱(qu)(qu)(qu)以为度。三(san)驱(qu)(qu)(qu):另(ling)有两(liang)种解(jie)释。其(qi)一认为“三(san)驱(qu)(qu)(qu)”是狩猎