朱(zhu)仙(xian)镇(zhen)木(mu)(mu)版(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)画(hua)(hua)诞生于唐,兴于宋,鼎盛于明(ming),被誉为中国(guo)木(mu)(mu)版(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)画(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)鼻祖。《东(dong)京(jing)梦华录》记载“北(bei)宋汴(bian)梁,已遍设年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)画(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)坊”。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)画(hua)(hua)题(ti)材(cai)源于脍炙人(ren)(ren)(ren)口的(de)(de)(de)民(min)间故事、神话传说等,每(mei)逢春节(jie),家(jia)(jia)家(jia)(jia)户(hu)户(hu)贴年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)画(hua)(hua)成为风尚(shang),以(yi)祈求人(ren)(ren)(ren)寿年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)丰、招财进宝、镇(zhen)邪除妖。明(ming)清两(liang)代,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)画(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)坊达300余(yu)家(jia)(jia)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)画(hua)(hua)制作(zuo)(zuo)工艺十分讲究,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)梨木(mu)(mu)雕版(ban)、中药炮制颜(yan)料、手(shou)工水(shui)色套印(yin),千百年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)来(lai),艺人(ren)(ren)(ren)们世代承袭、师(shi)徒相(xiang)传,至今仍采(cai)用(yong)(yong)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)作(zuo)(zuo)坊式的(de)(de)(de)生产(chan)模式。近些年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)来(lai),朱(zhu)仙(xian)镇(zhen)木(mu)(mu)版(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)画(hua)(hua)行业逐渐衰(shuai)落,生存状况令人(ren)(ren)(ren)担忧。全(quan)镇(zhen)仅剩下万同(tong)、天(tian)成、曹家(jia)(jia)等7家(jia)(jia)作(zuo)(zuo)坊,从事木(mu)(mu)版(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)画(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)艺人(ren)(ren)(ren)越(yue)来(lai)越(yue)少,懂得雕刻、印(yin)版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)艺人(ren)(ren)(ren)所剩无几,且年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)画(hua)(hua)题(ti)材(cai)陈旧,不能(neng)适(shi)合现代人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)口味。2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),朱(zhu)仙(xian)镇(zhen)木(mu)(mu)版(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)画(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)为河南省第一个民(min)间文化遗产(chan)抢救工程项目在开(kai)(kai)封(feng)启动;中国(guo)民(min)间文艺家(jia)(jia)协会主席冯骥才手(shou)抚一件(jian)件(jian)精美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)朱(zhu)仙(xian)镇(zhen)木(mu)(mu)版(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)画(hua)(hua),发出了“再不加紧挖(wa)掘、保(bao)护、开(kai)(kai)发,这年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)画(hua)(hua)鼻祖也有消亡危险”的(de)(de)(de)喟叹(tan)。
(1)请概括朱仙镇木板(ban)年画衰落的原因。(3分)
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(2)请就如何(he)保护朱(zhu)仙镇木板年(nian)画提出你的建议(yi)。(3分(fen))
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17.仿照下面的示例,自选话题,另写两句话,要求使用拟人的修辞手法,句式与示例(li)相同。(5分)
只要你枝繁叶茂(mao),我(wo)愿(yuan)意永(yong)远深(shen)藏地底:这是虬根对(dui)大树的深(shen)情告白。
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16、(1) ①家庭(ting)作(zuo)坊(fang)式的生(sheng)产模式落后;②专业技术(shu)人员匮乏(fa);③题材陈旧(jiu)。
(2) ①改变(bian)生产模式(shi),扩大(da)规模;②加强对(dui)年画的开发(fa),培养专业人才;③丰富年画题材,融入时代(dai)气息(xi)。
17、只要你姹紫嫣红,我愿(yuan)意(yi)一直陪衬在侧(ce):这是(shi)绿叶对(dui)(dui)花朵的郑重承诺。只要你波澜壮阔,我愿(yuan)意(yi)不停(ting)奔(ben)流(liu)汇聚:这是(shi)对(dui)(dui)大海(hai)的真诚倾诉。