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《舌战群儒》鄂教版八下课内阅读训练附答案

[移动版] 作者:tc123100

《舌战群儒》鄂教版八下课内阅读训练附答案

乃(nai)引(yin)孔明(ming)(ming)至幕下(xia)(xia)。早见(jian)(jian)张(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)、顾雍等(deng)一(yi)班文武二十余(yu)人(ren),峨冠博带,整衣端坐(zuo)。孔明(ming)(ming)逐一(yi)相见(jian)(jian),各问姓名(ming)。施礼已(yi)毕(bi),坐(zuo)于(yu)(yu)客位。张(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)等(deng)见(jian)(jian)孔明(ming)(ming)丰神飘洒,器宇(yu)轩昂,料道此(ci)(ci)人(ren)必来(lai)游(you)说。张(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)先(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)言挑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“昭(zhao)(zhao)乃(nai)江东微末之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,久闻(wen)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高卧隆(long)中,自(zi)比(bi)管、乐。此(ci)(ci)语果有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎?”孔明(ming)(ming)曰(yue):“此(ci)(ci)亮平生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)小可之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)也(ye)。”昭(zhao)(zhao)曰(yue):“近(jin)闻(wen)刘豫(yu)(yu)州三(san)顾先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)草(cao)庐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,幸(xing)得(de)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),以(yi)(yi)为如(ru)鱼(yu)得(de)水,思欲卷席(xi)荆(jing)襄。今一(yi)旦以(yi)(yi)属曹操(cao)(cao),未审(shen)是(shi)何(he)主见(jian)(jian)?”孔明(ming)(ming)自(zi)思张(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)乃(nai)孙(sun)权手下(xia)(xia)第一(yi)个谋(mou)士,若不先(xian)(xian)难倒他,如(ru)何(he)说得(de)孙(sun)权,遂答曰(yue):“吾(wu)观取汉(han)上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,易如(ru)反掌。我(wo)主刘豫(yu)(yu)州躬(gong)行(xing)仁义,不忍(ren)夺同(tong)宗(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基业,故力辞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。刘琮孺子(zi),听信佞言,暗(an)自(zi)投降(jiang),致使曹操(cao)(cao)得(de)以(yi)(yi)猖獗。今我(wo)主屯兵江夏,别有良图,非等(deng)闲可知也(ye)。”昭(zhao)(zhao)曰(yue):“若此(ci)(ci),是(shi)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)言行(xing)相违也(ye)。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)比(bi)管、乐:管仲相桓公,霸(ba)诸(zhu)侯,一(yi)匡天下(xia)(xia);乐毅(yi)扶持微弱(ruo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燕(yan),下(xia)(xia)齐(qi)七(qi)十余(yu)城(cheng);此(ci)(ci)二人(ren)者,真济世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才也(ye)。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在草(cao)庐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,但笑(xiao)傲(ao)风(feng)月,抱膝危(wei)坐(zuo);今既从事(shi)刘豫(yu)(yu)州,当为生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)灵兴利除害,剿(jiao)灭乱(luan)贼。且(qie)刘豫(yu)(yu)州未得(de)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前,尚且(qie)纵横寰(huan)宇(yu),割据城(cheng)池;今得(de)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),人(ren)皆仰望(wang):虽三(san)尺童蒙,亦谓彪(biao)虎生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)翼,将见(jian)(jian)汉(han)室复(fu)兴,曹氏即(ji)灭矣;朝廷旧臣,山林隐士,无不拭目(mu)而待(dai):以(yi)(yi)为拂高天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云翳,仰日月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)辉,拯民于(yu)(yu)水火之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,措(cuo)天下(xia)(xia)于(yu)(yu)衽席(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),在此(ci)(ci)时也(ye)。何(he)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)归豫(yu)(yu)州,曹兵一(yi)出,弃(qi)甲抛戈,望(wang)风(feng)而窜(cuan);上(shang)不能报刘表以(yi)(yi)安庶民,下(xia)(xia)不能辅孤(gu)子(zi)而据疆土;乃(nai)弃(qi)新野,走樊城(cheng),败当阳,奔夏口,无容身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地:是(shi)豫(yu)(yu)州既得(de)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,反不如(ru)其(qi)初也(ye)。管仲、乐毅(yi),果如(ru)是(shi)乎?愚直(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,幸(xing)勿见(jian)(jian)怪!”

孔(kong)明听(ting)罢,哑然(ran)而笑曰:“鹏飞(fei)万里,其(qi)志岂群鸟(niao)能(neng)识哉?譬如(ru)人(ren)染沈疴,当先用糜粥以(yi)饮之(zhi),和药(yao)以(yi)服之(zhi);待其(qi)腑脏调和,形体渐安,然(ran)后(hou)用肉食(shi)以(yi)补之(zhi),猛(meng)药(yao)以(yi)治之(zhi):则病根尽去(qu),人(ren)得全生也(ye)。若(ruo)不待气(qi)脉和缓,便投(tou)以(yi)猛(meng)药(yao)厚味,欲(yu)求安保(bao),诚为(wei)难矣。吾主刘(liu)豫(yu)州,向日军(jun)败(bai)(bai)于(yu)汝南,寄迹刘(liu)表(biao),兵不满(man)千,将止关、张、赵云而已(yi);此(ci)(ci)正如(ru)病势危(wei)羸已(yi)极之(zhi)时也(ye)。新野山僻小(xiao)县,人(ren)民(min)稀(xi)少(shao),粮食(shi)鲜薄,豫(yu)州不过暂借以(yi)容身,岂真(zhen)将坐(zuo)守于(yu)此(ci)(ci)耶(ye)?夫以(yi)甲兵不完(wan),城(cheng)郭不固,军(jun)不经(jing)练,粮不继日,然(ran)而博望烧屯,白(bai)河用水,使(shi)夏(xia)侯惇、曹仁(ren)辈心惊(jing)胆裂:窃谓管仲、乐毅之(zhi)用兵,未(wei)必过此(ci)(ci)。至于(yu)刘(liu)琮降操,豫(yu)州实出不知;且又不忍(ren)(ren)乘乱(luan)夺同宗之(zhi)基业(ye),此(ci)(ci)真(zhen)大仁(ren)大义(yi)也(ye)。当阳之(zhi)败(bai)(bai),豫(yu)州见有数十(shi)万赴义(yi)之(zhi)民(min),扶老(lao)携幼相(xiang)随(sui),不忍(ren)(ren)弃(qi)之(zhi),日行十(shi)里,不思进取江(jiang)陵(ling),甘(gan)与同败(bai)(bai),此(ci)(ci)亦大仁(ren)大义(yi)也(ye)。寡不敌(di)众(zhong),胜负乃(nai)其(qi)常(chang)事(shi)(shi)。昔高皇数败(bai)(bai)于(yu)项羽,而垓下一(yi)战成功(gong),此(ci)(ci)非韩信(xin)(xin)之(zhi)良谋乎?夫信(xin)(xin)久(jiu)事(shi)(shi)高皇,未(wei)尝累(lei)胜。盖(gai)国家大计,社稷安危(wei),是有主谋。非比夸辩(bian)之(zhi)徒(tu),虚誉(yu)欺人(ren),坐(zuo)议(yi)立谈,无人(ren)可及;临机应(ying)变,百无一(yi)能(neng):诚为(wei)天下笑耳!”这(zhei)一(yi)篇言(yan)语,说得张昭并无一(yi)言(yan)回答。

1、第一段(duan)画(hua)线句(ju)子“今一旦以(yi)属曹操,未(wei)审是(shi)何(he)主见”的意思是(shi)(  )

A、现在(荆襄)一夜之间已属于曹操了(le),我还没来(lai)得及问你是什么意见?

B、现在如果(它)属于曹操(cao)了,你没考虑作什(shen)么打算吗?

C、现在(zai)(荆(jing)襄)一夜之间(jian)已属于(yu)曹操(cao)了,你(ni)没考虑(lv)作什么打算吗?

D、现在(zai)如果(guo)(它)属于曹操了,我(wo)还(hai)没来得及问你是什么意见?

2、请从选文中再举两例与下面例句格(ge)式相同的句子。

例句:拂高天之云翳,仰日月之光辉。

3、诸葛亮在(zai)答(da)辩时一再强调刘(liu)备(bei)(bei)的(de)大(da)仁大(da)义,那(nei)么,在(zai)他看(kan)来(lai),刘(liu)备(bei)(bei)的(de)大(da)仁大(da)义表现在(zai)哪些方面?

4、张昭是如何(he)看待诸(zhu)葛亮的?依(yi)据是什么?

参考答案:

1.A

2.⑴拯民(min)于水火之(zhi)中,措天下于衽席之(zhi)上(shang)。⑵上(shang)不能报(bao)刘表以(yi)安庶(shu)民(min),下不能辅孤子而据疆土。

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