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《宋史·郭浩传》(郭浩字充道)原文及翻译

[移动版] 作者:东方

【原文】

郭浩字充道,德顺军陇干人。徽宗时,尝率百骑抵灵州城下,夏人以千骑追之,浩手斩二骑,以首还。从种师道进筑茸平砦,敌据塞水源,以渴我师,浩率精骑数百夺之。敌攻石尖山,浩冒阵而前,流矢中左胁,怒不拔,奋力大呼,得贼乃已;诸军从之,敌遁去,由是知名。累迁中州刺史。钦宗即位,以种师道荐,召对,奏言:“金人暴露,日久思归。乞给轻兵间道驰滑台,时其半度,可击也。”会和战异议,不能用。帝问西事,浩曰:“臣在任已闻警,虑夏人必乘间盗边,愿选将设备。”已而果攻泾原路,取西安州、怀德军。绍圣开拓之地,复尽失之。建炎元年,知原州。二年,金人取长安,泾州守臣夏大节弃城遁,郡人亦降。浩适夜半至郡,所将才二百人,得金人,使之还,曰:“为语汝将曰,我郭浩也,欲战即来决战。”金人遂引去。绍兴元年,金人破饶风岭,盗梁、洋,入凤州,攻和尚原。浩与吴璘往援,斩获万计。迁邠州观察使,徙知兴元府。饥民相聚米仓山为乱,浩讨平之。徙知利州。金人以步骑十余万破和尚原,进窥川口,抵杀金平,浩与吴玠大破之。玠按本路提点刑狱宋万年阴与敌境通,利所鞫不同,由是与浩意不协,朝廷乃徙浩知金州兼永兴军路经略使。金州残弊特甚,户口无几,浩招辑流亡,开营田,以其规置颁示诸路。他军以匮急仰给朝廷,浩独积赢钱十万缗以助户部,朝廷嘉之,凡有奏请,得以直达。九年,改金、洋、房州节制。十四年,召见,拜检校少保。十五年,卒,年五十九。(节选自《宋史·郭浩传》)

【译文】

郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)字(zi)充道,德(de)顺军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)陇干(gan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。徽宗(zong)时(shi),曾率(lv)领一(yi)百名(ming)骑(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)来(lai)(lai)到(dao)(dao)灵州(zhou)城(cheng)下,夏(xia)国以(yi)一(yi)千名(ming)骑(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)来(lai)(lai)追赶他们(men)(men),郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)亲(qin)手(shou)斩杀两(liang)名(ming)骑(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),提着(zhe)首级返回(hui)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)跟随种师(shi)道进军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)修筑葺(qi)平砦,敌(di)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)占据并堵塞水源,来(lai)(lai)断(duan)绝宋(song)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)饮水,郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)率(lv)领几百名(ming)精锐骑(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)夺(duo)取了(le)(le)它(ta)。敌(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)攻(gong)打石尖山,郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)迎着(zhe)敌(di)阵前进,被(bei)流箭射中(zhong)(zhong)左肋(lei),发(fa)怒不(bu)去拔箭,奋力大(da)(da)(da)呼,活捉(zhuo)到(dao)(dao)贼(zei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才停止;各军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)跟着(zhe)前进,敌(di)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)逃(tao)走,郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)从此(ci)知名(ming)。积功升任忠州(zhou)刺史。钦宗(zong)即(ji)位,郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)因种师(shi)道推(tui)荐(jian),被(bei)皇上(shang)召见应对,他上(shang)奏(zou)说(shuo):“金(jin)(jin)(jin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)长期(qi)在(zai)外(wai),一(yi)心想着(zhe)回(hui)归。请求(qiu)派轻后从小路(lu)驰往滑台(tai),等他们(men)(men)渡到(dao)(dao)一(yi)半(ban)时(shi),就可发(fa)动攻(gong)击。”正(zheng)逢朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)议和(he)(he)议战意见不(bu)同,郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)之(zhi)策(ce)没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)被(bei)采纳。皇上(shang)询问(wen)西(xi)边(bian)事务,郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)说(shuo):“臣(chen)(chen)在(zai)任时(shi)已(yi)听到(dao)(dao)警报,担心夏(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)定会乘(cheng)机侵占边(bian)地,希望朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)选派将(jiang)领设置守备(bei)。”不(bu)久西(xi)夏(xia)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)队(dui)果然进攻(gong)泾原中(zhong)(zhong),夺(duo)取了(le)(le)西(xi)安州(zhou)、怀德(de)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。绍圣年(nian)(nian)间开(kai)拓(tuo)之(zhi)地,又全部失去。建炎元年(nian)(nian),知原州(zhou)。二(er)年(nian)(nian),金(jin)(jin)(jin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)取长安,泾州(zhou)守将(jiang)夏(xia)大(da)(da)(da)节弃城(cheng)逃(tao)跑,郡人(ren)(ren)(ren)也投(tou)降了(le)(le)金(jin)(jin)(jin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)正(zheng)好在(zai)半(ban)夜时(shi)来(lai)(lai)到(dao)(dao)郡中(zhong)(zhong),他只率(lv)领了(le)(le)二(er)百人(ren)(ren)(ren),捉(zhuo)到(dao)(dao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)让他们(men)(men)返回(hui),说(shuo):“替我告诉你(ni)们(men)(men)的(de)将(jiang)领,我是(shi)郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao),想要(yao)交(jiao)战就立即(ji)来(lai)(lai)决(jue)一(yi)死战。”金(jin)(jin)(jin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)于是(shi)退去。绍兴(xing)元年(nian)(nian),金(jin)(jin)(jin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)破饶风岭,盗(dao)取梁、洋,进入凤州(zhou),攻(gong)打和(he)(he)尚原。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)与(yu)(yu)吴璘前去救援,斩杀俘获敌(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)数以(yi)万(wan)计。升任邠州(zhou)观察使,调任知兴(xing)元府(fu)。饥民在(zai)米仓山聚结作(zuo)乱(luan),郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)讨伐平定了(le)(le)他们(men)(men)。调任知利(li)州(zhou)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)步兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)骑(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)十(shi)(shi)多万(wan)攻(gong)破和(he)(he)尚原,进而(er)窥视(shi)川口,到(dao)(dao)达(da)杀金(jin)(jin)(jin)平,郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)与(yu)(yu)吴玠大(da)(da)(da)败(bai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。吴玠查(cha)究本(ben)路(lu)提点(dian)刑狱(yu)宋(song)万(wan)年(nian)(nian)暗地与(yu)(yu)敌(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)勾结,而(er)利(li)州(zhou)方面的(de)审讯结果不(bu)同,由(you)此(ci)吴玠与(yu)(yu)郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)开(kai)始不(bu)和(he)(he),朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)就调任郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)知金(jin)(jin)(jin)州(zhou)兼永(yong)兴(xing)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)路(lu)经(jing)略使。金(jin)(jin)(jin)州(zhou)残损破坏得(de)特别(bie)严重,户口也没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)几家,郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)招集安抚流亡之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),开(kai)辟营田(tian),朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)把他所作(zuo)所为(wei)颁示(shi)各路(lu)。其(qi)他军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)队(dui)因为(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)需困乏需要(yao)朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)补给,而(er)只有(you)(you)(you)郭(guo)(guo)(guo)浩(hao)(hao)(hao)把积余的(de)十(shi)(shi)万(wan)缗钱资助给户部,朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)嘉奖他,以(yi)后凡有(you)(you)(you)奏(zou)请,都(dou)能得(de)以(yi)直达(da)朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)。九(jiu)年(nian)(nian),改任金(jin)(jin)(jin)、洋、房(fang)三州(zhou)节制。十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian),得(de)到(dao)(dao)皇上(shang)召见,授检(jian)校少保(bao)。十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian),去世(shi),终年(nian)(nian)五十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)岁。

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