资治通鉴《蒙骜帅师伐魏》原文、翻译、阅读训练及答案

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原文：

蒙(meng)(meng)骜帅师伐魏(wei)(wei)(wei)，取高(gao)都(dou)、汲。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)师数败(bai)(bai)，魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王患之(zhi)，乃使(shi)人请信(xin)(xin)(xin)陵君(jun)(jun)于赵(zhao)。信(xin)(xin)(xin)陵君(jun)(jun)畏得罪，不肯(ken)还，诫门下(xia)曰：“有敢为(wei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)使(shi)通(tong)者死！”宾(bin)客莫敢谏(jian)。毛公、薛公见信(xin)(xin)(xin)陵君(jun)(jun)曰：“公子所以重于诸侯(hou)者，徒以有魏(wei)(wei)(wei)也。今魏(wei)(wei)(wei)急而(er)公子不恤，一旦秦人克(ke)大梁，夷先(xian)王之(zhi)宗庙，公子当(dang)何面(mian)目立天下(xia)乎！”语未卒，信(xin)(xin)(xin)陵君(jun)(jun)色变，趣驾(jia)还魏(wei)(wei)(wei)。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王持信(xin)(xin)(xin)陵君(jun)(jun)而(er)泣，以为(wei)上将军(jun)。信(xin)(xin)(xin)陵君(jun)(jun)使(shi)人求援于诸侯(hou)。诸侯(hou)闻信(xin)(xin)(xin)陵君(jun)(jun)复为(wei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)将，皆遣(qian)兵救魏(wei)(wei)(wei)。信(xin)(xin)(xin)陵君(jun)(jun)率五国之(zhi)师败(bai)(bai)蒙(meng)(meng)骜于河外(wai)，蒙(meng)(meng)骜遁走。信(xin)(xin)(xin)陵君(jun)(jun)追至(zhi)函谷关，抑之(zhi)而(er)还。

安(an)陵(ling)(ling)人缩高(gao)(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)仕(shi)(shi)于(yu)秦，秦使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)守管(guan)(guan)。信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)下(xia)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人谓(wei)安(an)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)曰：“君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)其遣缩高(gao)(gao)，吾将仕(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)五(wu)大(da)(da)夫，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)执节尉。”安(an)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)曰：“安(an)陵(ling)(ling)，小国也，不(bu)能(neng)必(bi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其民。使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)自往(wang)请(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)吏导(dao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)至缩高(gao)(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所。使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)致信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)，缩高(gao)(gao)曰：“君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幸高(gao)(gao)也，将使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)攻(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)也。夫父(fu)攻(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)守，人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)笑也；见臣而(er)下(xia)，是倍(bei)主(zhu)也。父(fu)教子(zi)(zi)(zi)倍(bei)，亦(yi)非君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所喜。敢(gan)再(zai)拜(bai)辞(ci)！”使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)以(yi)报信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)(da)怒，遣使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)所曰：“安(an)陵(ling)(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地，亦(yi)犹魏也。今吾攻(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)而(er)不(bu)下(xia)，则(ze)秦兵及我，社(she)稷必(bi)危(wei)矣。愿君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)生(sheng)束缩高(gao)(gao)而(er)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)！若君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)弗致，无(wu)忌将发十万(wan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)师以(yi)造安(an)陵(ling)(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城下(xia)。”安(an)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)曰：“吾先君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)成(cheng)侯(hou)受(shou)诏襄(xiang)王以(yi)守此(ci)城也，手授太(tai)府之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宪。宪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上篇(pian)曰：‘臣弑君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，子(zi)(zi)(zi)弑父(fu)，有常不(bu)赦。国虽大(da)(da)赦，降城亡子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)得与焉。’今缩高(gao)(gao)辞(ci)大(da)(da)位(wei)以(yi)全父(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，而(er)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)曰‘必(bi)生(sheng)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)’，是使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我负襄(xiang)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诏而(er)废太(tai)府之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宪也，虽死(si)，终不(bu)敢(gan)行！”缩高(gao)(gao)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰：“信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)为(wei)人，悍猛而(er)自用，此(ci)辞(ci)必(bi)反为(wei)国祸。吾已全己，无(wu)违人臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)矣，岂可使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)吾君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有魏患乎(hu)！”乃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舍，刎颈而(er)死(si)。信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，缟素(su)辟舍，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)谢安(an)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)曰：“无(wu)忌，小人也，困于(yu)思虑(lv)，失言(yan)于(yu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，请(qing)再(zai)拜(bai)辞(ci)罪！”：

王使(shi)人(ren)行万金于魏(wei)以间信陵(ling)君(jun)，求得晋(jin)鄙(bi)客，令(ling)说魏(wei)王曰：“公(gong)子亡在(zai)外十(shi)年矣(yi)，今复为将，诸侯皆(jie)属，天下徒闻(wen)信陵(ling)君(jun)而不(bu)闻(wen)魏(wei)王矣(yi)。”王又数使(shi)人(ren)贺信陵(ling)君(jun)：“得为魏(wei)王未也(ye)？”魏(wei)王日闻(wen)其(qi)毁，不(bu)能不(bu)信，乃使(shi)人(ren)代信陵(ling)君(jun)将兵。信陵(ling)君(jun)自知再以毁废，乃谢(xie)病(bing)不(bu)朝，日夜(ye)以酒色自娱，凡四岁而卒。

选自《资治通鉴(jian)·卷第六》

翻译：

（公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)留(liu)(liu)在赵(zhao)国(guo)(guo)十(shi)年不(bu)回(hui)魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)，秦国(guo)(guo)听说公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)留(liu)(liu)在赵(zhao)国(guo)(guo)，）就日夜不(bu)停地发兵向东进(jin)攻(gong)魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)。魏(wei)王(wang)为此事(shi)焦(jiao)虑(lv)万分，就派使臣去请公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)回(hui)国(guo)(guo)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)仍担心魏(wei)王(wang)恼(nao)怒自己，就告诫(jie)门下宾客说：“有(you)敢替(ti)魏(wei)王(wang)使臣通报(bao)传达的(de)(de)(de)，处(chu)死(si)。”由于宾客们都是背(bei)弃(qi)魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)来(lai)到赵(zhao)国(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以没(mei)谁敢劝公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)回(hui)魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)。这时，毛公(gong)(gong)和薛公(gong)(gong)两人去见公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)说：“公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)所(suo)以在赵(zhao)国(guo)(guo)受到尊重，名(ming)扬诸侯，只(zhi)是因为有(you)魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)存在啊。现在秦国(guo)(guo)进(jin)攻(gong)魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)，魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)危急(ji)而(er)(er)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)毫不(bu)顾(gu)念，假使秦国(guo)(guo)攻(gong)破大梁而(er)(er)把您先祖的(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)庙(miao)夷平，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)还有(you)什么脸面(mian)活(huo)在世上呢？”话还没(mei)说完(wan)，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)脸色立即变了，嘱(zhu)咐车(che)夫(fu)赶(gan)快套车(che)回(hui)去救(jiu)魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)。

魏(wei)王见到(dao)公(gong)子，两人不(bu)禁相(xiang)对落泪，魏(wei)王把上将(jiang)军大印(yin)授给公(gong)子，公(gong)子便正式担任了上将(jiang)军这个统帅(shuai)军队的最(zui)高职务。

卫(wei)国攻打(da)秦(qin)国的(de)管城，没(mei)有攻下，安(an)陵(ling)(ling)人缩高(gao)(gao)的(de)儿(er)子担任(ren)(ren)管城的(de)防守，信陵(ling)(ling)君派人对安(an)陵(ling)(ling)君说道“请派缩高(gao)(gao)前去我(wo)将(jiang)任(ren)(ren)命他(ta)为五大夫。让他(ta)担任(ren)(ren)节尉。”安(an)陵(ling)(ling)君对使者说道：“安(an)陵(ling)(ling)是一个小(xiao)国。不(bu)能让他(ta)们完全听我(wo)的(de)命令。我(wo)派人把你(ni)引领(ling)到缩高(gao)(gao)住的(de)地方，传(chuan)达信陵(ling)(ling)君的(de)命令。”缩高(gao)(gao)说：“你(ni)来到我(wo)这(zhei)里，是为了(le)让我(wo)攻打(da)管城。父亲(qin)攻打(da)儿(er)子的(de)守地是会被天下人耻笑的(de)。见到我(wo)就(jiu)投降，就(jiu)是背(bei)叛(pan)自己的(de)君主，父亲(qin)让儿(er)子背(bei)叛(pan)，这(zhei)也不(bu)是你(ni)愿意看到的(de)吧。真(zhen)对不(bu)起，我(wo)只好推辞(ci)了(le)。”

使(shi)者把(ba)(ba)情况(kuang)汇报给信陵(ling)(ling)(ling)君，信陵(ling)(ling)(ling)君十(shi)分生气，牌(pai)特使(shi)到案(an)灵，对安陵(ling)(ling)(ling)君说(shuo)(shuo)：“安陵(ling)(ling)(ling)这个地方，也算是魏国的土地，现(xian)在我(wo)(wo)(wo)攻不(bu)(bu)下(xia)管城(cheng)，那么，秦军就(jiu)会进攻到我(wo)(wo)(wo)国，卫国就(jiu)会发生危险。请您把(ba)(ba)缩高亏上(shang)送(song)到我(wo)(wo)(wo)这里来(lai)。如果您不(bu)(bu)送(song)来(lai)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)将派十(shi)万大军到达安陵(ling)(ling)(ling)城(cheng)下(xia)。”安陵(ling)(ling)(ling)君说(shuo)(shuo)：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)的先祖成候(hou)收到魏襄王的命(ming)令镇(zhen)守(shou)此地，亲自接(jie)受(shou)了大府(fu)的法(fa)(fa)令，法(fa)(fa)令上(shang)篇说(shuo)(shuo)：‘儿子(zi)杀父亲，大臣杀君王，有(you)规定的刑罚不(bu)(bu)能免罪。即使(shi)国家(jia)举行大赦(she)，聚成投降和(he)逃亡在外的人(ren)也不(bu)(bu)能免责(ze)。’现(xian)在缩高辞(ci)去职务，保全父子(zi)间(jian)的道义，但您说(shuo)(shuo)：‘必须(xu)要(yao)把(ba)(ba)它活捉(zhuo)过来(lai)’，这就(jiu)会让我(wo)(wo)(wo)有(you)负襄王的命(ming)令，有(you)违背了大府(fu)的法(fa)(fa)令。就(jiu)算死我(wo)(wo)(wo)也不(bu)(bu)能照办。”

缩高听说(shuo)后，说(shuo)：“信陵君为人刚愎(bi)自用，此(ci)话一(yi)出，肯定会(hui)给(ji)国(guo)家带来(lai)灾祸。我已经尽到(dao)了做人臣的(de)(de)道义。怎么能使(shi)(shi)我的(de)(de)君主受到(dao)魏国(guo)的(de)(de)危害(hai)呢？”就到(dao)使(shi)(shi)者住地自刎而死。

信陵君听到缩高(gao)的(de)死讯，穿上(shang)素服(fu)离开住地，派使者向安陵君谢罪道：“我(wo)是小(xiao)人，考虑(lv)不周，要(yao)求(qiu)不当(dang)，我(wo)恭敬的(de)请你恕罪。”

秦王(wang)担(dan)忧(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)将进一步(bu)威(wei)胁秦国(guo)，就(jiu)使用了(le)(le)万斤(jin)黄金到魏(wei)(wei)行贿，寻(xun)找晋鄙原来的那些门客，让(rang)他们在(zai)(zai)魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)面(mian)前进谗言说：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)流亡(wang)在(zai)(zai)外(wai)十年(nian)了(le)(le)，现在(zai)(zai)担(dan)任魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)大(da)将，诸(zhu)侯(hou)国(guo)的将领都(dou)归他指挥，诸(zhu)侯(hou)们只知(zhi)(zhi)道魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)有个魏(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)，不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)道还有个魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)也要乘(cheng)这(zhei)(zhei)个时机决定称王(wang)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)们害怕公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)的权势声威(wei)，正打算共同(tong)出面(mian)拥立他为王(wang)呢。”秦国(guo)又多次实(shi)行反间，利用在(zai)(zai)秦国(guo)的魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)间谍(die)，假(jia)装不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)情地请他们向(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)祝贺(he)问是(shi)否已经(jing)立为魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)了(le)(le)。魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)天(tian)天(tian)听到这(zhei)(zhei)些毁谤公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)的话(hua)，不(bu)能不(bu)信以为真，后来果然派(pai)人(ren)(ren)代替(ti)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)担(dan)任上(shang)将军。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)自己明知(zhi)(zhi)这(zhei)(zhei)是(shi)又一次因毁谤而被废黜(chu)，于是(shi)就(jiu)推托有病(bing)不(bu)上(shang)朝了(le)(le)，他在(zai)(zai)家(jia)里与宾(bin)客们通宵达旦(dan)地宴饮(yin)，痛饮(yin)烈性酒，常跟(gen)女人(ren)(ren)厮混，这(zhei)(zhei)样(yang)日日夜夜寻(xun)欢作乐度过(guo)了(le)(le)四年(nian)，终于因饮(yin)酒无度患(huan)病(bing)死(si)亡(wang)，这(zhei)(zhei)一年(nian)，魏(wei)(wei)安厘王(wang)也去(qu)世了(le)(le)。

阅读训练：

1.对下(xia)列句子中加点词语的解释，不正确的一项是(shi)：

A.魏(wei)王患(huan)(huan)之。　　　　　　　患(huan)(huan)：以……为(wei)患(huan)(huan)。

B.使使者(zhe)谢(xie)安陵君曰。　　　谢(xie)：道(dao)歉。

C.吾已全己(ji)。　　　　　　　全：使……保(bao)全。

D.乃使人代(dai)信陵(ling)君(jun)将(jiang)兵。　　将(jiang)：将(jiang)军(jun)。

2.下(xia)列句子，分别编为四(si)组(zu)，全都表(biao)明(ming)信陵君“悍(han)猛而自用”的一组(zu)是：

①信(xin)陵君(jun)色变，趣驾还魏(wei)。    ②有敢为魏(wei)使通者死。     ③信(xin)陵君(jun)率(lv)五国之(zhi)师败(bai)蒙骜于河外(wai)   ④ 无忌将发十万(wan)之(zhi)师以造安(an)陵之(zhi)城(cheng)下   ⑤信(xin)陵君(jun)大怒，遣使之(zhi)安(an)陵君(jun)所。    

A.①②⑤　　　       B.②④⑤　　       C.①③⑤　　     D.②③④

3.下列对原(yuan)文有关内容(rong)的分析和概(gai)括，正确的一项是：

A.在魏国难(nan)当头之际，信陵君力(li)排众议，挺身而出，抑(yi)蒙(meng)骜于关(guan)内，救魏国于水火(huo)。

B.子守(shou)管(guan)城(cheng)的安(an)陵(ling)(ling)人缩高因信陵(ling)(ling)君的命令而进退(tui)两难，但最终(zhong)因安(an)陵(ling)(ling)君而化险为夷。

C.信(xin)陵(ling)君复为将后，又自恃功高(gao)，日(ri)夜(ye)以(yi)酒(jiu)色自娱，终被魏王“不信(xin)”而遭废黜。

D.信陵君重于(yu)诸侯，是因为他(ta)能为国纾难，而(er)再度被黜，则因为魏王之不(bu)(bu)明(ming)不(bu)(bu)察(cha)。

参考答案：

1.D（将(jiang)，动词，统领。）

2.B

3.D（A “信(xin)陵君力排众议，挺身而出”不(bu)(bu)合文意。B项(xiang)“化险为夷”不(bu)(bu)妥。C项(xiang)“自(zi)恃(shi)功高”无依据，另外，因果倒置(zhi)，应该说是被魏王“不(bu)(bu)信(xin)”而遭(zao)废黜后才日(ri)夜以酒(jiu)色自(zi)娱。）