●卷四
占梦掌其岁时,观天地之会,辨阴阳之气,(其岁时,今岁四时也。天地之会,建厌所处之日辰。阴阳之气,休王前後。
○梦,本(ben)又(you)作梦,音(yin)同。厌(yan),於(wu)琰反。王,于况反。)
[疏]注“其岁”至“前後”
○释曰:郑云“其岁(sui)时(shi)(shi),今(jin)岁(sui)四时(shi)(shi)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会,阴(yin)阳(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气,年年不同(tong)。若今(jin)历(li)日,今(jin)岁(sui)亦(yi)与前(qian)岁(sui)不同(tong),故(gu)云今(jin)岁(sui)四时(shi)(shi)也。云“天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会,建厌(yan)(yan)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)处之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日辰”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),建,谓(wei)斗柄(bing)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)建,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)(yang)建,故(gu)左(zuo)还(hai)於天(tian)。厌(yan)(yan),谓(wei)日前(qian)一次,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阴(yin)建,故(gu)右还(hai)於天(tian)。故(gu)《堪(kan)舆(yu)》天(tian)老曰:假(jia)(jia)令(ling)正月(yue)阳(yang)(yang)建於寅(yin),阴(yin)建在戌,日辰者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),日据(ju),辰据(ju)支。云“阴(yin)阳(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气,休王(wang)(wang)前(qian)後”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《春(chun)秋纬》云“生(sheng)王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)休,王(wang)(wang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)胜者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)死,相(xiang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)胜者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)囚。”假(jia)(jia)令(ling)春(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)月(yue)木(mu)王(wang)(wang),水(shui)生(sheng)木(mu),水(shui)休。木(mu)胜土,土死。木(mu)王(wang)(wang),火相(xiang)王(wang)(wang),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)生(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)相(xiang)。相(xiang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)胜者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)囚,火胜金,春(chun)三(san)月(yue)金囚。以此(ci)推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),火王(wang)(wang)金王(wang)(wang)水(shui)王(wang)(wang)义(yi)可知(zhi)。观(guan)此(ci)建厌(yan)(yan)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)在,辨阴(yin)阳(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气,以知(zhi)吉凶也。
以日、月、星辰占六梦之吉凶。(日月星辰,谓日月之行及合辰所在。《春秋》昭三十一年:“十二月辛亥朔,日有食之。是夜也,晋赵简子梦童子倮而转以歌,旦而日食,占诸史墨。对曰:‘六年及此月也,吴其入郢乎,终亦弗克。入郢必以庚辰,日月在辰尾。庚午之日,日始有谪。火胜金,故弗克。’”必以日月星辰占梦者。其术则今八会其遗象也,用占梦则亡。
○倮,鲁火(huo)反(fan)(fan)。转,如字,又张恋反(fan)(fan)。郢,以井(jing)反(fan)(fan)。刘,馀政反(fan)(fan)。,直(zhi)革反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“以日”至“吉凶”
○释曰:六梦者,即下云“一曰”、“二曰”是也。以日月星辰占知者,谓夜作梦,旦於日月星辰以占其梦,以知吉凶所在。
○注“日月”至“则云“”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue):张逸(yi)问(wen)(wen):“《占(zhan)梦(meng)(meng)》注云(yun):‘《春秋》昭三十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian),十(shi)(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辛亥(hai)朔,日(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)(you)(you)食之(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)夜也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),赵简(jian)(jian)子(zi)梦(meng)(meng)童子(zi)倮而(er)(er)转以(yi)(yi)歌,旦而(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)食,占(zhan)诸(zhu)史墨。对(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)及(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),吴(wu)(wu)其(qi)入(ru)郢乎,终亦弗(fu)克(ke)(ke)(ke)。入(ru)郢必(bi)以(yi)(yi)庚(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)辰(chen),日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在辰(chen)尾。庚(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)午(wu)(wu)之(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)(ri)始(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)谪。火(huo)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)金(jin)(jin),故(gu)(gu)(gu)弗(fu)克(ke)(ke)(ke)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)星(xing)(xing)辰(chen)占(zhan)梦(meng)(meng)者(zhe)。’不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)何(he)(he)术占(zhan)之(zhi),前问(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)。”答(da)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在辰(chen)尾,夏之(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),辰(chen)在房,未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)尾星(xing)(xing)。建(jian)戌厌(yan)寅,寅与申对(dui),辰(chen)与戌对(dui),申近庚(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng),辰(chen)与戌对(dui),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)庚(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)辰(chen)。辰(chen)下为(wei)(wei)主人,故(gu)(gu)(gu)于为(wei)(wei)主人。金(jin)(jin)侵火(huo),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)即复,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)弗(fu)克(ke)(ke)(ke)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)(you)(you)气,时(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)节者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)庚(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)午(wu)(wu)在甲(jia)(jia)子(zi)篇(pian),辛亥(hai)在甲(jia)(jia)辰(chen)篇(pian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。中有(you)(you)(you)(you)甲(jia)(jia)戌、甲(jia)(jia)申、甲(jia)(jia)午(wu)(wu),成一(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。从庚(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)午(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)下四日(ri)(ri)(ri),从甲(jia)(jia)辰(chen)至辛亥(hai)八(ba)(ba)(ba)日(ri)(ri)(ri),并(bing)之(zhi)十(shi)(shi)二日(ri)(ri)(ri),通同四十(shi)(shi)二日(ri)(ri)(ri)。”如是(shi)(shi),庚(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)午(wu)(wu)之(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),当在八(ba)(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)日(ri)(ri)(ri),故(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)时(shi)得九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)节也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)即复者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)庚(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)金(jin)(jin)午(wu)(wu)火(huo)位相(xiang)(xiang)连,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)即复也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe),吴(wu)(wu)君(jun)臣争宫,秦救复至,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能定楚,是(shi)(shi)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能损吴(wu)(wu),是(shi)(shi)明即复也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。问(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“何(he)(he)知(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)厌(yan)对(dui)之(zhi)义(yi)乎?”答(da)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“按(an)《堪(kan)舆》黄帝问(wen)(wen)天老(lao)事云(yun):‘四月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),阳建(jian)於(wu)巳(si)(si),破(po)於(wu)亥(hai)。阴(yin)建(jian)於(wu)未(wei),破(po)於(wu)癸(gui)。’是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)阳破(po)阴(yin),阴(yin)破(po)阳,故(gu)(gu)(gu)四月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)有(you)(you)(you)(you)癸(gui)亥(hai),为(wei)(wei)阴(yin)阳交会(hui)。十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)丁巳(si)(si),为(wei)(wei)阴(yin)阳交会(hui)。言(yan)(yan)未(wei)破(po)癸(gui)者(zhe),即是(shi)(shi)未(wei)与丑对(dui)而(er)(er)近癸(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。交会(hui)惟有(you)(you)(you)(you)四月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若有(you)(you)(you)(you)变异之(zhi)时(shi),十(shi)(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)皆有(you)(you)(you)(you)建(jian)厌(yan)对(dui)配之(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)“则今八(ba)(ba)(ba)会(hui)其(qi)遗(yi)象(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),按(an)《堪(kan)舆》,大(da)会(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)八(ba)(ba)(ba)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),小会(hui)亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)八(ba)(ba)(ba)。服(fu)(fu)氏云(yun):“是(shi)(shi)岁(sui),岁(sui)在析木,後(hou)(hou)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)在大(da)梁,大(da)梁水宗。十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),日(ri)(ri)(ri)在星(xing)(xing)纪(ji),为(wei)(wei)吴(wu)(wu)国(guo)分。楚之(zhi)先,颛顼之(zhi)子(zi)老(lao)童,老(lao)童楚象(xiang)行歌,象(xiang)楚走(zou)哭姬姓,日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在星(xing)(xing)纪(ji),星(xing)(xing)纪(ji)之(zhi)分,姬姓吴(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。楚衰则吴(wu)(wu)得志(zhi),吴(wu)(wu)世(shi)世(shi)与楚怨。楚走(zou)去其(qi)国(guo),故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)吴(wu)(wu)其(qi)入(ru)郢。吴(wu)(wu)属水,水数六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)水位,故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)及(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)而(er)(er)食,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)吴(wu)(wu)终亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)克(ke)(ke)(ke)。”又彼(bi)注云(yun):“後(hou)(hou)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian),定四年(nian)。十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)闰(run)馀十(shi)(shi)七(qi),闰(run)在四月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)後(hou)(hou)。其(qi)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)晦(hui),晦(hui),庚(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)辰(chen),吴(wu)(wu)入(ru)郢,在立(li)冬後(hou)(hou),复此(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。十(shi)(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辛亥(hai),日(ri)(ri)(ri)会(hui)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)於(wu)龙尾而(er)(er)食,庚(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)午(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)初(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you),故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)庚(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)辰(chen)。一(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在辰(chen)尾,尾为(wei)(wei)亡臣,是(shi)(shi)岁(sui)吴(wu)(wu)始(shi)用子(zi)胥之(zhi)谋(mou)以(yi)(yi)伐(fa)楚,故(gu)(gu)(gu)天垂象(xiang)。”又注云(yun):“午(wu)(wu)火(huo)庚(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)金(jin)(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),火(huo)当胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)金(jin)(jin)而(er)(er)罚有(you)(you)(you)(you),故(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)克(ke)(ke)(ke)。晋,诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)霸,与楚同盟(meng)(meng)。赵简(jian)(jian)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)执政之(zhi)卿,远夷(yi)将(jiang)伐(fa)同盟(meng)(meng),日(ri)(ri)(ri)应之(zhi)食,故(gu)(gu)(gu)梦(meng)(meng)发(fa)简(jian)(jian)子(zi)。”服(fu)(fu)氏以(yi)(yi)庚(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)午(wu)(wu)之(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)(ri)始(shi),火(huo)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)金(jin)(jin),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)克(ke)(ke)(ke)入(ru)楚,必(bi)以(yi)(yi)庚(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)辰(chen)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)与郑义(yi)别,其(qi)馀略相(xiang)(xiang)依也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。问(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“周之(zhi)十(shi)(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),夏之(zhi)十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),日(ri)(ri)(ri)夏体(ti)正应在析木,而(er)(er)云(yun)在星(xing)(xing)纪(ji)?”何(he)(he)答(da)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“据(ju)此(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)节,故(gu)(gu)(gu)举言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)。”成长以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)误也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)梦(meng)(meng),盖三王同有(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)梦(meng)(meng)法也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
一曰(yue)正(zheng)梦,(无所(suo)感动,平安自(zi)梦。)
[疏]注“无所”至“自梦”
○释曰:郑知无(wu)(wu)感动(dong)平安(an)自梦(meng)者,以其(qi)言正,是平安(an)之义,故知“无(wu)(wu)所感动(dong),平安(an)自梦(meng)”。
二曰噩梦,(杜子春云:“噩当为惊愕之愕,谓惊愕而梦。”
○噩,五各反,注“鄂”同。)
[疏]注“杜子”至“而梦”
○释曰(yue):以其(qi)言噩,噩是惊愕之意,故子春读“噩”从“惊愕”解之。
三曰思梦,(觉时所思念之而梦。
○觉,芳(fang)孝反,下同。)
[疏]注“觉时”至“而梦”
○释曰:以其思是(shi)思念(nian)之意,故解云“觉(jue)时所思念(nian)而梦”也。
四曰寤梦,(觉时道之而梦。
○寤,本又作(zuo)粗,五故反。)
[疏]注“觉时道之而梦”
○释曰:以(yi)其字(zi)为(wei)觉(jue)寤之(zhi)(zhi)字(zi),故知(zhi)觉(jue)寤时道之(zhi)(zhi),睡(shui)而梦也。
五曰喜梦(meng),(嘉悦而梦(meng)。)
[疏]注“喜悦而梦”
○释曰:以(yi)其字为喜说之(zhi)字,故(gu)知未(wei)睡(shui)心说,睡(shui)而(er)为梦。
六曰惧梦(meng)。(恐(kong)惧而(er)梦(meng)。)
[疏]注“恐惧而梦”
○释(shi)曰(yue):以其字(zi)为(wei)恐惧之字(zi),故云“恐惧而(er)梦”。
季冬,聘王梦,献吉梦于王,王拜而受之;(聘,问也。梦者,事之祥。吉凶之占,在日月星辰。季冬,日穷于次,月穷于纪,星回于天,数将几终,於是发币而问焉,若休庆之云尔。因献群臣之吉梦於王,归美焉。《诗》云“牧人乃梦,众维鱼矣,维矣”,此所献吉梦。
○几,如(ru)字,又(you)音(yin)祈(qi)。)
[疏]“季冬”至“受之”
○释曰:季冬,岁终除旧恶,拟来岁布新善,故问王梦之善恶。梦恶者,赠去之,下文是也。“献吉梦於王”者,归美於王。
○注“聘问”至“吉梦”
○释(shi)曰:云“梦(meng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祥”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)对(dui)文,祯祥是善,妖(yao)孽是恶。散(san)文,祥中可以兼恶。梦(meng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)恶,故(gu)云梦(meng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祥也(ye)(ye)。云“吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)凶(xiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占(zhan),在日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)星辰”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)上文以日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)星辰占(zhan)六(liu)梦(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)凶(xiong)是也(ye)(ye)。云“季(ji)(ji)冬(dong),日(ri)(ri)穷(qiong)(qiong)于次(ci)(ci),月(yue)(yue)(yue)穷(qiong)(qiong)於(wu)(wu)纪,星回於(wu)(wu)天,数(shu)将几(ji)终(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令》文。日(ri)(ri)穷(qiong)(qiong)於(wu)(wu)次(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),次(ci)(ci),谓(wei)日(ri)(ri)辰所(suo)在。季(ji)(ji)冬(dong)日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)会于玄枵(xiao),是日(ri)(ri)穷(qiong)(qiong)於(wu)(wu)次(ci)(ci)。月(yue)(yue)(yue)穷(qiong)(qiong)於(wu)(wu)纪,谓(wei)星纪,日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)五星会聚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处。月(yue)(yue)(yue),谓(wei)斗建所(suo)在。十二月(yue)(yue)(yue)斗建丑(chou),故(gu)云月(yue)(yue)(yue)穷(qiong)(qiong)於(wu)(wu)纪。星回於(wu)(wu)天者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),星,谓(wei)二十八宿(su),十三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)复位。此(ci)十二月(yue)(yue)(yue)未(wei)到本位,故(gu)直云星回於(wu)(wu)天。数(shu)将几(ji)终(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),几(ji),近也(ye)(ye)。至此(ci)十二月(yue)(yue)(yue),历(li)数(shu)将终(zhong)。云“於(wu)(wu)是发(fa)币(bi)而(er)问(wen)(wen)(wen)焉(yan),若(ruo)休庆(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云尔”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑以礼动不虚,必以币(bi)帛行礼,乃(nai)始问(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang),故(gu)云发(fa)币(bi)而(er)问(wen)(wen)(wen)焉(yan)。休,美(mei)也(ye)(ye)。问(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)梦(meng)若(ruo)美(mei)庆(qing)云尔。云“因献群(qun)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)梦(meng)於(wu)(wu)王(wang),归(gui)美(mei)焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),君吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)梦(meng)由於(wu)(wu)群(qun)臣(chen)。君统臣(chen)功(gong),故(gu)献吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)梦(meng)归(gui)美(mei)於(wu)(wu)王(wang)也(ye)(ye)。《诗》云“牧(mu)人乃(nai)梦(meng)”,是《无羊》美(mei)宣王(wang)诗也(ye)(ye)。牧(mu)人乃(nai)梦(meng)“众维鱼(yu)矣,维矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),牧(mu)人,谓(wei)牧(mu)牛羊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人。故(gu)注“众维鱼(yu)矣”,丰年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祥,所(suo)以聚众。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证献吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)庆(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。
乃舍萌于四方,以赠恶梦,(杜子春读“萌”为“明”,或云:“其字当为明。明谓欧疫也。谓岁竟逐疫,置四方。书亦或为明。”玄谓舍读为释,舍萌犹释采也。古书释菜释奠多作舍字。萌,菜始生也。裕送也。欲以新善去故恶。
○舍,音释,注舍萌(meng)同。萌(meng),亡耕反。去(qu),起吕(lv)反。)
[疏]注“杜子”至“故恶”
○释(shi)曰:子春之说,舍(she)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)为欧,疫案下文自有欧,疫於此以舍(she)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)为之,其义不同,故(gu)後郑(zheng)不从。玄谓“舍(she)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)犹释(shi)采也(ye)”者(zhe),按《王制》有释(shi)采奠币(bi)之事,故(gu)从之。云(yun)“萌(meng)(meng)(meng),菜始生也(ye)”者(zhe),案《乐记》“区萌(meng)(meng)(meng)达”,郑(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun):“屈(qu)生曰区,芒而直出曰萌(meng)(meng)(meng)。”故(gu)知(zhi)萌(meng)(meng)(meng),菜始生者(zhe)。云(yun)“欲以新(xin)善去故(gu)恶(e)”者(zhe),旧岁将尽,新(xin)年(nian)方至,故(gu)於此时赠去恶(e)梦。
遂令始难欧疫。(令,令方相氏也。难,谓执兵以有难也。方相氏蒙熊皮,黄金四目,玄衣朱裳,执戈扬盾,帅百隶为之欧疫厉鬼也。故书“难”或为“傩”。杜子春难读为难问之难,其字当作难。《月令》:季春之月,命国傩,九门磔禳,以毕春气。仲秋之月,天子乃傩,以达秋气。季冬之月,命有司大傩,旁磔,出土牛,以送寒气。
○难,戚乃(nai)多反(fan),刘(liu)依杜乃(nai)旦反(fan),注(zhu)以意求(qiu)之,傩字亦同。磔(zhe),涉百反(fan)。禳,如羊(yang)反(fan)。)
[疏]“遂令始难欧疫”
○释曰:因事曰遂。上经赠恶梦,遂令方相氏始难欧疫。
○注“令令”至“寒气”
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“令(ling),令(ling)方(fang)相(xiang)(xiang)氏”,以(yi)方(fang)相(xiang)(xiang)氏专主难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)者(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)令(ling)方(fang)相(xiang)(xiang)氏。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan),谓(wei)执兵以(yi)有(you)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),所(suo)引《方(fang)相(xiang)(xiang)氏》以(yi)下是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。杜子春(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)读(du)为难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)问之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)去(qu)疫疠(li),故(gu)为此读(du)。又(you)引《月令(ling)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“季(ji)春(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月,命(ming)国难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)”,案彼(bi)郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)“此月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),日行(xing)(xing)历(li)(li)昴(mao),昴(mao)有(you)大陵(ling)积(ji)尸(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)佚则(ze)厉(li)鬼(gui)随而出行(xing)(xing)”,故(gu)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“命(ming)国难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)”者(zhe)(zhe),惟天子、诸侯有(you)国者(zhe)(zhe)令(ling)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)。去(qu)“九门(men)磔(zhe)(zhe)禳(rang)”者(zhe)(zhe),九门(men),依彼(bi)注(zhu)(zhu),路(lu)门(men)、应、雉、库、皋(gao)、国、近(jin)郊(jiao)、远郊(jiao)、关(guan),张(zhang)磔(zhe)(zhe)牲(sheng)(sheng)体,禳(rang)去(qu)恶气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)毕(bi)春(chun)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe),毕(bi),尽也(ye)(ye)。季(ji)春(chun)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)以(yi)尽春(chun)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“仲秋(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月,天子乃(nai)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan),以(yi)达(da)秋(qiu)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe),按彼(bi)郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)“阳气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)左行(xing)(xing),此月宿直(zhi)昴(mao)毕(bi),昴(mao)毕(bi)亦(yi)得(de)大陵(ling)积(ji)尸(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)佚则(ze)疠(li)鬼(gui)亦(yi)随而出行(xing)(xing)”,故(gu)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)通达(da)秋(qiu)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),此月难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)阳气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),故(gu)惟天子得(de)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“季(ji)冬(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月,命(ming)有(you)司大难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan),旁(pang)磔(zhe)(zhe)出土牛(niu),以(yi)送寒气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe),按彼(bi)郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)“此月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),日历(li)(li)虚(xu)危,虚(xu)危有(you)坟(fen)墓四(si)司之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),为厉(li)鬼(gui)将随强阴出害(hai)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)”,故(gu)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。命(ming)有(you)司者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)命(ming)方(fang)相(xiang)(xiang)氏。言(yan)大难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)者(zhe)(zhe),从天子下至庶人(ren)皆(jie)得(de)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)。言(yan)旁(pang)磔(zhe)(zhe)者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)四(si)方(fang),於四(si)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men),皆(jie)张(zhang)磔(zhe)(zhe)牲(sheng)(sheng)体。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“出土牛(niu),以(yi)送寒气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“出,犹作(zuo)也(ye)(ye)。作(zuo)土牛(niu)者(zhe)(zhe),丑为牛(niu),牛(niu)可牵可止。送,犹毕(bi)也(ye)(ye)。”故(gu)作(zuo)土牛(niu)以(yi)送寒气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。此子春(chun)所(suo)引,虽引三(san)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan),惟即季(ji)冬(dong)大难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)。知者(zhe)(zhe),此经(jing)始难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)文承季(ji)冬(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,是(shi)以(yi)方(fang)相(xiang)(xiang)氏亦(yi)据(ju)季(ji)冬(dong)大难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)而言(yan)。
视掌十之法,以观妖祥,辨吉凶。(妖祥,善恶之徵,郑司农云:“谓日光К也。”
○,音(yin)运。К,音(yin)气,本(ben)亦作(zuo)气。)
[疏]“视”至“吉凶”
○释曰:按下十等,惟一曰言,故据一曰以为官首。言“掌十之法”者,“一曰”以下十等,多是日旁之气。言亦是日旁光,故总以言之。
○注“妖祥”至“К也”
○释曰:云(yun)“妖(yao)祥,善恶(e)之(zhi)(zhi)徵(zhi)”者,祥是(shi)善之(zhi)(zhi)徵(zhi),妖(yao)是(shi)恶(e)之(zhi)(zhi)徵(zhi),故言善恶(e)之(zhi)(zhi)徵(zhi)。此妖(yao)祥相对。若散文,祥亦(yi)是(shi)恶(e)徵(zhi),“亳有(you)祥桑(sang)”之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)是(shi)也。郑(zheng)司农云(yun):“谓日光气也”者,就十等(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)中,五日ウ,ウ,谓日食,则无光气。而云(yun)十等(deng)皆谓日光气者,据多而言。
一曰,二曰象,三曰钅,四曰监,五曰ウ,六曰瞢,七曰弥,八曰叙,九曰齐,十曰想。(故书“弥”作“迷”,“齐”作“资”。郑司农云:“,阴阳气相侵也。象者,如赤鸟也。钅,谓日旁气四面反乡,如状也。监,云气临日也。ウ,日月也。瞢,日月瞢瞢无光也。弥者,白虹弥天也。叙者,云有次序也。如山在日上也。齐者,升气也。想者,光也。”玄谓钅读如“童子佩钅”之钅,谓日旁气剌日也。监,冠珥也。弥,气贯日也。齐,虹也。《诗》云“朝齐于西”。想,杂气有似可形想。
○钅(jin),郑(zheng)许规反(fan)(fan)(fan),刘思随反(fan)(fan)(fan),或下圭反(fan)(fan)(fan)。瞢,七邓(deng)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。齐,子兮反(fan)(fan)(fan)。乡,许亮反(fan)(fan)(fan)。,音(yin)运,本(ben)亦作(zuo)晕,音(yin)同。虹,音(yin)洪,又古巷反(fan)(fan)(fan),刘古项反(fan)(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]注“故书”至“形想”
○释曰:此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)上(shang)事,先郑(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)解之(zhi)(zhi),後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)从其(qi)(qi)六,不(bu)从其(qi)(qi)四。先郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“,阴阳气(qi)(qi)相侵(qin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),赤(chi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)为(wei)阳,黑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)为(wei)阴,如(ru)(ru)(ru)《春秋传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“赤(chi)黑之(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)旁(pang)(pang)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“象(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),如(ru)(ru)(ru)赤(chi)鸟(niao)(niao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),楚有云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),如(ru)(ru)(ru)众赤(chi)鸟(niao)(niao)在(zai)(zai)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)旁(pang)(pang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“钅(jin),谓日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)旁(pang)(pang)气(qi)(qi)四面反乡,如(ru)(ru)(ru)状也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“监(jian),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi)(qi)临日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)亦不(bu)从。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“ウ,日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月食也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月如(ru)(ru)(ru)光(guang)消,故(gu)ウ朦也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“瞢(meng)(meng)(meng),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月瞢(meng)(meng)(meng)瞢(meng)(meng)(meng)无(wu)光(guang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)瞢(meng)(meng)(meng)瞢(meng)(meng)(meng),无(wu)光(guang)之(zhi)(zhi)貌,故(gu)知无(wu)光(guang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“弥(mi)(mi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),白虹(hong)弥(mi)(mi)天(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)从故(gu)书(shu)为(wei)“迷”,後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“叙(xu)(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)有次叙(xu)(xu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)山在(zai)(zai)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)上(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)十皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)旁(pang)(pang),叙(xu)(xu)为(wei)次叙(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)字,故(gu)知叙(xu)(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi)(qi)次叙(xu)(xu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)山在(zai)(zai)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)上(shang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“齐(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),升气(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)齐(qi)训为(wei)升,故(gu)齐(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是升气(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)破,增成其(qi)(qi)义。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“想(xiang)(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),辉(hui)光(guang)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)亦不(bu)从。“玄谓钅(jin)读如(ru)(ru)(ru)童(tong)子佩钅(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)钅(jin),谓日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)旁(pang)(pang)气(qi)(qi)剌日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)读从《兰》诗(shi)“童(tong)子佩钅(jin),能不(bu)我知”,钅(jin)是锥类,故(gu)为(wei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi)(qi)剌日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“监(jian),冠珥(er)(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓有赤(chi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)旁(pang)(pang)如(ru)(ru)(ru)冠耳(er)。珥(er)(er)即耳(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye),今(jin)人犹谓之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)珥(er)(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“弥(mi)(mi),气(qi)(qi)贯(guan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)言弥(mi)(mi),故(gu)知云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi)(qi)贯(guan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)而过。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“齐(qi),虹(hong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即《尔雅》くぐ,谓之(zhi)(zhi)虹(hong)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)东(dong),则西边见;日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)西,则东(dong)边见。故(gu)引《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“朝齐(qi)于西”为(wei)证(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“想(xiang)(xiang),杂气(qi)(qi)有似可(ke)形想(xiang)(xiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi)(qi)杂有所象(xiang)似,故(gu)可(ke)形想(xiang)(xiang)。
掌安(an)宅叙(xu)降(jiang)。(宅,居(ju)也(ye)。降(jiang),下(xia)(xia)也(ye)。人见妖祥(xiang)则不安(an),主安(an)其居(ju)处也(ye)。次序其凶(xiong)祸所下(xia)(xia),谓禳移之。)
[疏]注“宅居”至“移之”
○释曰:掌,主(zhu)也。此(ci)官主(zhu)安(an)居者(zhe),人(ren)见妖祥则意不(bu)安(an),主(zhu)安(an)居其(qi)(qi)处,不(bu)使不(bu)安(an)。故(gu)次叙其(qi)(qi)凶(xiong)祸所下(xia)之地,禳移之,其(qi)(qi)心则安(an)。
正岁则行事(shi)(shi),(占梦(meng)(meng)以季(ji)冬(dong)赠恶梦(meng)(meng),此(ci)正月(yue)而行安宅之事(shi)(shi),所以顺民。)
[疏]注“占梦”至“顺民”
○释曰:民心(xin)欲得除恶树(shu)善,占梦之官以季冬赠去(qu)恶梦,至此岁之正月(yue),行是(shi)安宅之事,顺民心(xin)也。
岁终则弊其事。(弊,断也,谓计其吉凶然否多少。
○弊,必世反(fan),下注同(tong)。断,丁乱反(fan)。)
[疏]注“弊断”至“多少”
○释曰:占(zhan)梦之官,见有妖祥(xiang),则告(gao)之吉(ji)凶之事(shi),其吉(ji)凶或中或否,故(gu)至岁(sui)终断(duan)计(ji)其吉(ji)凶也。云“然否多少(shao)”者(zhe),然,谓中也,知中否多少(shao),而行(xing)赏罚。
大祝掌六祝之辞,以事鬼神示,祈福祥,求永贞。一曰顺祝,二曰年祝,三曰吉祝,四曰化祝,五曰瑞祝,六曰祝。(永,长也。贞,正也。求多福,历年得正命也。郑司农云:“顺祝,顺丰年也。年祝,求永贞也。吉祝,祈福祥也。化祝,弭灾兵也。瑞祝,逆时雨、宁风旱也。祝,远罪疾。”
○祝(zhu)(zhu),之(zhi)秀反,後除“大(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)”、“宗(zong)祝(zhu)(zhu)”,诸官皆同。)
[疏]“大祝”至“祝”
○释曰:云“掌六祝之辞”者,此六辞,皆是祈祷之事,皆有辞说以告神,故云六祝之辞。云“以事鬼神示”者,此六祝,皆所以事人鬼及天神地祗。云“祈福祥,求永贞”者,祷祈者,皆所以祈福祥、求永贞之事。按“一曰”已下,其事有六,祈福祥即“三曰吉祝”是也。求永贞,“二曰年祝”是也。今特取二事为总目者,欲见馀四者亦有此福祥永贞之事故也。
○注“永长”至“罪疾”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)“求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)多(duo)福(fu),历(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)得正命也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经(jing)“祈(qi)福(fu)祥(xiang),求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)永(yong)(yong)(yong)贞(zhen)”,祈(qi)亦求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)多(duo)福(fu),即(ji)(ji)经(jing)祈(qi)福(fu)祥(xiang)也(ye)(ye)。历(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)得正命,即(ji)(ji)经(jing)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)永(yong)(yong)(yong)贞(zhen)也(ye)(ye)。历(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)宜有求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),多(duo)福(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)一求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)则该(gai)此二事(shi),故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)历(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)略(lve)不言求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“顺祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)顺丰(feng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)”已下(xia),皆约《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》而说。《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》有顺丰(feng)年(nian)(nian)(nian),此言顺祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),故(gu)(gu)知当(dang)《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》顺丰(feng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“年(nian)(nian)(nian)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)永(yong)(yong)(yong)贞(zhen)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以祈(qi)永(yong)(yong)(yong)贞(zhen)是命年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故(gu)(gu)知年(nian)(nian)(nian)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)当(dang)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)永(yong)(yong)(yong)贞(zhen)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“吉祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),祈(qi)福(fu)祥(xiang)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有祈(qi)福(fu)祥(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),此上(shang)总目亦有祈(qi)福(fu)祥(xiang),福(fu)祥(xiang)是吉庆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故(gu)(gu)知吉祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)当(dang)祈(qi)福(fu)祥(xiang)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“化(hua)(hua)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),弭灾兵(bing)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),弭,安(an)也(ye)(ye)。安(an)去灾兵(bing),是化(hua)(hua)恶从善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》有弭灾兵(bing),故(gu)(gu)知化(hua)(hua)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)当(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“瑞祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),逆(ni)(ni)时雨(yu)、宁(ning)(ning)风(feng)旱也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》有逆(ni)(ni)时雨(yu),宁(ning)(ning)风(feng)旱,此逆(ni)(ni)时雨(yu)即(ji)(ji)宁(ning)(ning)风(feng)旱,宁(ning)(ning)风(feng)旱即(ji)(ji)逆(ni)(ni)时雨(yu),对则异(yi),理则通(tong),此二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),似若天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)应瑞,故(gu)(gu)总谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑞祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),远(yuan)(yuan)罪疾”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),自此已上(shang),差(cha)次与(yu)《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》不同,惟有祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)与(yu)《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》“远(yuan)(yuan)罪疾”相当(dang),宜为一也(ye)(ye)。此六(liu)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)永(yong)(yong)(yong)贞(zhen),《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》不言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《大(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》已见,故(gu)(gu)《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》略(lve)不言也(ye)(ye)。此六(liu)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)“一曰(yue)顺祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”已下(xia),差(cha)次与(yu)《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》次第(di)不同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见事(shi)起无常,故(gu)(gu)先後(hou)有异(yi)。
掌六祈,以同鬼神示,一曰类,二曰造,三曰礻会,四曰,五曰攻,六曰说。(祈,枭也,谓为有灾变,号呼告于神以求福。天神、人鬼、地不和,则六疠作见,故以祈礼同之。故书“造”作“灶”,杜子春读灶为造次之造,书亦或为造,造祭於祖也。郑司农云:“类、造、礻会、、攻、说,皆祭名也。类祭于上帝。《诗》曰‘是类是’,《尔雅》曰:‘是类是,师祭也。’又曰‘乃立冢土,戎丑攸行’,《尔雅》曰:‘起大事,动大众,必先有事乎社而後出,谓之宜。故曰‘大师宜于社,造于祖,设军社,类上帝’。《司马法》曰:‘将用师,乃告于皇天上帝、日月星辰,以祷于后土、四海神、山川冢社,乃造于先王,然後冢宰徵师于诸侯曰:某国为不道,征之,以某年某月某日,师至某国。’,日月星辰山川之祭也。《春秋传》曰:‘日月星辰之神,则雪霜风雨之不时,於是乎之;山川之神,则水旱疠疫之灾,於是乎之。’”玄谓类造,加诚肃,求如志。礻会,告之以时有灾变也。攻说,则以辞责之。,如日食以朱丝萦社,攻如其鸣鼓然。董仲舒救日食,祝曰“大明,氵灭无光,奈何以阴侵阳,以卑侵尊”。是之谓说也。礻会,未闻焉。造类礻会皆有牲,攻说用币而已。
○造,七报反(fan),注下皆(jie)同。礻会,戚古外反(fan),刘音会。,音咏。枭,音叫(jiao),刘音祷。为,于伪反(fan)。号,尸羔反(fan)。呼,火故(gu)反(fan)。见,贤遍(bian)反(fan)。,莫驾反(fan)。萦,乌营(ying)反(fan)。,章摇反(fan)。氵(shui),子廉反(fan)。)
[疏]“掌六”至“曰说”
○释曰:上经六祝,此云六祈,皆是祈祷之事,别见其文者,按《小祝》重掌六祝。云“将事侯禳祷祠之祝号”,鬼神虽和同,为事祷请,此六祈,为百神不和同,即六疠作见,而为祈祷,故云以同鬼神,是以别见其文。
○注“祈枭”至“而已”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓为(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)灾(zai)变,号呼(hu)告神(shen)(shen)(shen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)求(qiu)(qiu)福(fu)(fu)”者(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)知号呼(hu)者(zhe),见《小祝(zhu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌祷祠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祝(zhu)号”,故(gu)知此(ci)(ci)(ci)六(liu)(liu)(liu)祈(qi)亦(yi)(yi)号呼(hu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告神(shen)(shen)(shen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)、人(ren)鬼(gui)、地(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)(he),则(ze)六(liu)(liu)(liu)疠作见,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祈(qi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)知鬼(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)者(zhe),见经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌六(liu)(liu)(liu)祈(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)鬼(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)”,明是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)(he),设(she)六(liu)(liu)(liu)祈(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。按(an)《五行(xing)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“六(liu)(liu)(liu)作见”,云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“貌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)恭,惟(wei)金木。视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明,惟(wei)水火。言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从,惟(wei)火金。听之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聪(cong),惟(wei)土(tu)(tu)水。思(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)睿,惟(wei)金木水火土(tu)(tu)。”五行(xing)而有(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)者(zhe),除(chu)(chu)本五,外来(lai)已(yi)(yi)则(ze)六(liu)(liu)(liu)。彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)疠者(zhe),有(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu),则(ze)疠鬼(gui)作见,故(gu)变言(yan)(yan)疠。杜子(zi)春(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)谓造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於祖,知者(zhe),《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)于(yu)(yu)祖”,故(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、礻(shi)(shi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、、攻(gong)(gong)、说,皆(jie)(jie)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)名”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)祈(qi)祷皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)事。按(an)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)“类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)礻(shi)(shi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),攻(gong)(gong)说用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)币(bi)(bi)而已(yi)(yi)”,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)币(bi)(bi)非(fei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),亦(yi)(yi)入(ru)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)科(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)上(shang)帝(di)(di)”知者(zhe),《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)·王制》及(ji)《尚(shang)书·泰誓(shi)》皆(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)于(yu)(yu)上(shang)帝(di)(di)”,故(gu)知类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)帝(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。引(yin)(yin)“《诗(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)》”已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),至(zhi)“师至(zhi)某国(guo)”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)为(wei)(wei)出军之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从矣。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从者(zhe),但(dan)出军之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),自是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)求(qiu)(qiu)福(fu)(fu),此(ci)(ci)(ci)经六(liu)(liu)(liu)祈(qi),皆(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)同(tong),设(she)祈(qi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)将出军之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从。先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)引(yin)(yin)《大(da)雅(ya)·皇矣》诗(shi),即引(yin)(yin)《尔雅(ya)》者(zhe),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)释此(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“又曰(yue)乃立冢土(tu)(tu),戎丑攸(you)行(xing)”者(zhe),《大(da)雅(ya)·绵》诗(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《尔雅(ya)》曰(yue)起(qi)大(da)事”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),亦(yi)(yi)释此(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又曰(yue)“乃立,引(yin)(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)副,故(gu)大(da)事宜于(yu)(yu)社(she)(she),造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)于(yu)(yu)祖,设(she)军社(she)(she),类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)于(yu)(yu)上(shang)帝(di)(di)”,并是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)《大(da)祝(zhu)》下(xia)(xia)文(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《司马法》曰(yue)‘将用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)师’”三字,司农语(yu)(yu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“,日月星(xing)辰山川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),引(yin)(yin)《春(chun)秋(qiu)》为(wei)(wei)证,《春(chun)秋(qiu)传(chuan)》曰(yue)者(zhe),昭元年,《左氏(shi)(shi)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),郑(zheng)(zheng)子(zi)产(chan)聘晋,晋侯有(you)(you)(you)(you)疾,问於子(zi)产(chan),子(zi)产(chan)对(dui)此(ci)(ci)(ci)辞(ci)。按(an)彼传(chuan)文(wen),“疠疫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灾(zai),於是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)时”者(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)君读传(chuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)异。“玄谓类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao),加诚肃(su),求(qiu)(qiu)如(ru)志”者(zhe),欲明天(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)人(ren)鬼(gui)地(di)祗(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)同(tong)名类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)加诚肃(su),求(qiu)(qiu)如(ru)志。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礻(shi)(shi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),告之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)时有(you)(you)(you)(you)灾(zai)变也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),《春(chun)秋(qiu)》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)雪霜风雨水旱(han)疠疫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)时,於是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。礻(shi)(shi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)虽未(wei)闻,礻(shi)(shi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)除(chu)(chu)去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,故(gu)知礻(shi)(shi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)亦(yi)(yi)灾(zai)变。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“攻(gong)(gong)说,则(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辞(ci)责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),引(yin)(yin)《论(lun)语(yu)(yu)》及(ji)董(dong)仲舒(shu),皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辞(ci)责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“,如(ru)日食(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朱丝萦(ying)社(she)(she)”者(zhe),按(an)庄公(gong)二十五年六(liu)(liu)(liu)月,“辛未(wei)朔,日有(you)(you)(you)(you)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),鼓(gu)(gu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)社(she)(she)”。《公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“曰(yue)食(shi)(shi)则(ze)曷为(wei)(wei)鼓(gu)(gu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)社(she)(she)?求(qiu)(qiu)乎阴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朱丝萦(ying)社(she)(she),或(huo)(huo)(huo)曰(yue)胁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),或(huo)(huo)(huo)曰(yue)为(wei)(wei)ウ,恐人(ren)犯(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)萦(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”何(he)休云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“朱丝萦(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),助(zhu)阳抑(yi)阴也(ye)(ye)(ye)。或(huo)(huo)(huo)曰(yue)为(wei)(wei)ウ者(zhe),恐人(ren)犯(fan)历(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)萦(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然(ran)此(ci)(ci)(ci)说非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。记(ji)或(huo)(huo)(huo)传(chuan)者(zhe),示不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲绝(jue)异说尔。先(xian)言(yan)(yan)鼓(gu)(gu)後(hou)言(yan)(yan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe),明先(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)尊命责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),後(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)臣子(zi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)接(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)顺也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)引(yin)(yin)《公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)传(chuan)》者(zhe),欲见是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)萦(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“攻(gong)(gong),如(ru)其(qi)鸣鼓(gu)(gu)然(ran)”者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《论(lun)语(yu)(yu)·先(xian)进篇》。孔子(zi)责冉有(you)(you)(you)(you)为(wei)(wei)季(ji)氏(shi)(shi)聚敛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)小子(zi)鸣鼓(gu)(gu)而攻(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可。彼是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辞(ci)攻(gong)(gong)责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)(ci)(ci)攻(gong)(gong)责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辞(ci)责,故(gu)引(yin)(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)证。引(yin)(yin)董(dong)仲舒(shu)者(zhe),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)汉礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)救(jiu)日食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证经说是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辞(ci)责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礻(shi)(shi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)未(wei)闻焉”者(zhe),经传(chuan)无文(wen),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知礻(shi)(shi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)何(he)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)未(wei)闻。郑(zheng)(zheng)知“类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)礻(shi)(shi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”者(zhe),按(an)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)·祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“埋少(shao)牢於泰昭,祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时也(ye)(ye)(ye)”,下(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“幽(you)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)星(xing),雩(yu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水旱(han)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“凡此(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),皆(jie)(jie)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少(shao)牢。”既(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),故(gu)知类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)皆(jie)(jie)亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“攻(gong)(gong)说用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)币(bi)(bi)而已(yi)(yi)”者(zhe),知攻(gong)(gong)说用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)币(bi)(bi)者(zhe),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日食(shi)(shi)伐鼓(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,天(tian)(tian)灾(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)币(bi)(bi)无牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),故(gu)知用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)币(bi)(bi)而已(yi)(yi)。既(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)天(tian)(tian)灾(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)币(bi)(bi)无牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),其(qi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)灾(zai),得(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe),灾(zai)始见时无牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),及(ji)其(qi)灾(zai)成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)即有(you)(you)(you)(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),故(gu)《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“靡(mi)爱斯牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
作六辞,以通上下亲疏远近,一曰祠,二曰命,三曰诰,四曰会,五曰祷,六曰诔。(郑司农云:“祠当为辞,谓辞令也。命,《论语》所谓为命裨谌草创之。诰,谓《康诰》、《盘庚之诰》之属也。盘庚将迁于殷,诰其世臣卿大夫,道其先祖之善功,故曰以通上下亲疏远近。会,谓王官之伯,命事於会,胥命于蒲,主为其命也。祷,谓祷於天地、社稷、宗庙,主为其辞也。《春秋传》曰,铁之战,卫大子祷曰:‘曾孙蒯聩敢昭告皇祖文王、烈祖康叔、文祖襄公:郑胜乱从,晋午在难,不能治乱,使鞅讨之。蒯聩不敢自佚,备持矛焉。敢告无绝筋,无破骨,无面夷,无作三祖羞。大命不敢请,佩玉不敢爱。’若此之属。诔,谓积累生时德行,以锡之命,主为其辞也。《春秋传》曰:‘孔子卒,哀公诔之曰:闵天不淑,不遗一老,俾屏余一人以在位,予在疚。呜呼哀哉尼父!无自律。’此皆有文雅辞令,难为者也,故大祝官主作六辞。或曰诔,《论语》所谓‘《诔》曰:祷尔于上下神祗’。”杜子春云:“诰当为告,书亦或为告。”玄谓一曰祠者,交接之辞。《春秋传》曰“古者诸侯相见,号辞必称先君以相接”。辞之辞也。会,谓会同盟誓之辞。祷,贺庆言福祚之辞。晋赵文子成室,晋大夫发焉。张老曰:“美哉轮焉!美哉奂焉!歌於斯,哭於斯,聚国族於斯。”文子曰:“武也得歌於斯,哭於斯,聚国族於斯,是全要领以从先大夫於九京也。”北面再拜稽首,君子谓之善颂善祷。祷是之辞。
○会,如(ru)字(zi)。裨,婢(bi)支反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。谌,市林反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。蒯,苦怪反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。聩,五怪反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。难,乃旦反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。佚,音(yin)逸。行(xing),下孟反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。闵(min),音(yin),武巾反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。,鱼觐(jin)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。,求营反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。疚(jiu),九又反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。父,音(yin)甫。奂(huan),音(yin)唤。京,音(yin)原。)
[疏]“作六”至“曰诔”
○释曰:此六者,惟一曰称“辞”,自馀二曰已下不称辞,而六事皆以辞目之者,二曰已下虽不称辞命诰之等,亦以言辞为主,故以辞苞之。云“以通上下亲疏远近”者,此六辞之中,皆兼苞父祖子孙,上则疏而远,下则亲而近,故云以通上下亲疏远近也。
○注“郑司”至“之辞”
○释曰(yue):先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)破“祠”为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)令者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),一以其目云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)六(liu)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),明知为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字,不(bu)(bu)得(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)祠。言(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)令者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)增成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“交接之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“命(ming),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《论(lun)(lun)语》所(suo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)命(ming)卑谌(chen)草创(chuang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。诰(gao),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《康(kang)诰(gao)》、《盘(pan)(pan)庚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诰(gao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《盘(pan)(pan)庚》虽不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)诰(gao),亦是诰(gao)臣迁徙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)同(tong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诰(gao)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“盘(pan)(pan)庚将迁于殷,诰(gao)其世臣卿(qing)大夫(fu),道其先(xian)(xian)祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)(shan)功”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即盘(pan)(pan)庚云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乃(nai)祖(zu)乃(nai)父(fu),世选(xuan)尔劳(lao)”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)命(ming)诰(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)议,後郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“会(hui)(hui)(hui),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯,命(ming)事(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)会(hui)(hui)(hui),胥命(ming)于蒲,主(zhu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其命(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),後郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)《公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“胥命(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)?相(xiang)命(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何(he)言(yan)(yan)(yan)乎相(xiang)命(ming)?近(jin)正也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)其为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)正奈(nai)何(he),古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)盟(meng),结言(yan)(yan)(yan)而(er)(er)(er)退(tui)。”又(you)见(jian)昭四年(nian)(nian),楚椒举云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“商(shang)汤有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)景亳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming),周穆(mu)王(wang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)涂山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)。”以此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),胥命(ming)于蒲,与会(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)异,今先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以胥命(ming)解会(hui)(hui)(hui),於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)义(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祷(dao)(dao)(dao),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天地社稷宗庙,主(zhu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,又(you)引《春秋》铁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战,事(shi)(shi)在哀(ai)二(er)年(nian)(nian)。按(an)(an):哀(ai)二(er)年(nian)(nian),卫(wei)灵公(gong)(gong)卒(zu),六(liu)月(yue)乙酉,晋(jin)(jin)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)鞅(yang)纳卫(wei)大子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)于戚(qi)。秋八月(yue),齐入(ru)输范(fan)氏粟(su),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)姚、子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)般送(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)鞅(yang)御之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),卫(wei)大子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)右,卫(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)而(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“曾(ceng)孙”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡祭(ji)外神,皆(jie)称(cheng)曾(ceng)孙。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“昭告于皇祖(zu)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)”,皇,君(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。卫(wei)得(de)立文(wen)(wen)王(wang)庙,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)君(jun)(jun)祖(zu)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)。烈(lie)祖(zu)康(kang)叔(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),卫(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始封君(jun)(jun),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功烈(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)胜乱(luan)从(cong)(cong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),胜,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯名,助范(fan)氏乱(luan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)乱(luan)从(cong)(cong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“晋(jin)(jin)午在难(nan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),午,晋(jin)(jin)定公(gong)(gong)名范(fan)氏等作(zuo)乱(luan),与君(jun)(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)在难(nan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“备持(chi)矛焉(yan)(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),蒯聩(kui)与赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)鞅(yang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)车右,车右执持(chi)戈(ge)矛,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)备持(chi)矛焉(yan)(yan)(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“无(wu)作(zuo)三(san)祖(zu)羞”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),三(san)祖(zu),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)、康(kang)叔(shu)、襄公(gong)(gong)。战不(bu)(bu)克,则(ze)以为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)祖(zu)羞辱(ru)。先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)义(yi)(yi),後郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)六(liu)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生人作(zuo)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),无(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)死(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“诔,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)积累生时(shi)德行,以赐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)”,而(er)(er)(er)引“《春秋传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)十六(liu)年(nian)(nian)《传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)义(yi)(yi)後郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。引《论(lun)(lun)语》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)病(bing),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)路请祷(dao)(dao)(dao),孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)问曰(yue):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)诸(zhu)?”子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)路对此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。生人有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)疾亦诔,列生时(shi)德行而(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),与哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)诔孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)意同(tong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)引以相(xiang)续。“玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一曰(yue)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),司(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)令”,无(wu)所(suo)指斥,故(gu)(gu)(gu)後郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)相(xiang)事(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。引“《春秋传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an):庄(zhuang)四年(nian)(nian)《公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue):“古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)诸(zhu)侯必(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)会(hui)(hui)(hui)聚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),相(xiang)朝聘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,号辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)必(bi)称(cheng)先(xian)(xian)君(jun)(jun)以相(xiang)接。”是此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)无(wu)“相(xiang)见(jian)”二(er)字,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以义(yi)(yi)增之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“会(hui)(hui)(hui),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)会(hui)(hui)(hui)同(tong)盟(meng)誓(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”,会(hui)(hui)(hui)中兼有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)誓(shi)盟(meng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其盟(meng)时(shi)皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)会(hui)(hui)(hui)某(mou)(mou)(mou)侯某(mou)(mou)(mou)侯盟(meng)于某(mou)(mou)(mou)”,以此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)出会(hui)(hui)(hui)中含有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)盟(meng)。其誓(shi)必(bi)因征伐。按(an)(an)《春秋》征伐皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)会(hui)(hui)(hui)某(mou)(mou)(mou)侯某(mou)(mou)(mou)侵某(mou)(mou)(mou)”。既有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)士卒(zu),当(dang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)誓(shi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),故(gu)(gu)(gu)出会(hui)(hui)(hui)中兼有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)誓(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祷(dao)(dao)(dao),贺(he)庆言(yan)(yan)(yan)福祚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),破先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)鬼神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“晋(jin)(jin)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)文(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成室者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,《礼(li)记·檀弓》文(wen)(wen)。按(an)(an)彼(bi)文(wen)(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“晋(jin)(jin)献文(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成室”,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“献,犹贺(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”晋(jin)(jin)君(jun)(jun)贺(he)文(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成室,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)晋(jin)(jin)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)文(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成室,引文(wen)(wen)略。赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)文(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),则(ze)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)武(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。晋(jin)(jin)大夫(fu)发(fa)焉(yan)(yan)(yan),见(jian)文(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)室成,卿(qing)大夫(fu)皆(jie)发(fa)币以往庆贺(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。张(zhang)老者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦晋(jin)(jin)大夫(fu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“美哉(zai)轮(lun)焉(yan)(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)轮(lun)高大。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“美哉(zai)奂焉(yan)(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奂烂(lan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)章。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“歌於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)斯(si)(si)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),斯(si)(si),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)作(zuo)乐飨宴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“哭(ku)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)斯(si)(si)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)死(si)(si)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)寝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)。“聚国族(zu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)斯(si)(si)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)与族(zu)人饮食宴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu),张(zhang)老言(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),讥其奢泰。一室兼此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)数(shu)事(shi)(shi),防其更为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“文(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)武(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),武(wu),文(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)名。谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武(wu)得(de)歌於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)斯(si)(si),哭(ku)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)斯(si)(si),聚国族(zu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)斯(si)(si),是全要(yao)领以从(cong)(cong)先(xian)(xian)大夫(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)京也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)要(yao)斩(zhan)、领斩(zhan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)要(yao)、领并(bing)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。按(an)(an)彼(bi)注,九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)京当(dang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)原(yuan)晋(jin)(jin),卿(qing)大夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墓地在九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)原(yuan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)以从(cong)(cong)先(xian)(xian)大夫(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)原(yuan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“北(bei)(bei)面再拜稽首(shou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),平敌相(xiang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)并(bing)列,则(ze)顿首(shou)。臣於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)君(jun)(jun),作(zuo)稽首(shou)。今文(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)作(zuo)稽首(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),时(shi)晋(jin)(jin)君(jun)(jun)在焉(yan)(yan)(yan),北(bei)(bei)面向(xiang)君(jun)(jun)拜,故(gu)(gu)(gu)作(zuo)稽首(shou)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)(shan)颂善(shan)(shan)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),君(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)知礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人。彼(bi)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“善(shan)(shan)颂,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)张(zhang)老之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。善(shan)(shan)祷(dao)(dao)(dao),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是经祷(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)六(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)以辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
辨六号,一曰神号,二曰鬼号,三曰示号,四曰牲号,五曰号,六曰币号。(号,谓尊其名,更为美称焉。神号,若云皇天上帝。鬼号,若云皇祖伯某。祗号,若云后土地祗。币号,若玉云嘉玉,币云量币。郑司农云:“牲号,为牺牲皆有名号。《曲礼》曰:‘牛曰一元大武,豕曰刚鬣,羊曰柔毛,鸡曰翰音。’粢号,谓黍稷皆有名号也。《曲礼》曰:‘黍曰香合,粱曰香箕,稻曰嘉疏。’《少牢馈食礼》曰:‘用柔毛刚鬣’,《士虞礼》曰‘敢用牲刚鬣香合’。”
○,音(yin)咨。称,尺证反。大,如(ru)字,刘音(yin)泰(tai)。鬣,力辄(zhe)反。箕,音(yin)基。疏,所鱼反,刘音(yin)苏。)
[疏]注“号谓”至“香合”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“号(hao)(hao)谓(wei)尊其名(ming),更为美称焉”者,谓(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)尊天(tian)地(di)(di)人之鬼神示,不(bu)号(hao)(hao)为鬼神示,而(er)称皇(huang)天(tian)后(hou)土(tu)(tu)及牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)币等,皆(jie)(jie)别为美号(hao)(hao)焉。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“神号(hao)(hao),若(ruo)(ruo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)皇(huang)天(tian)上(shang)帝”者,《月(yue)令·季夏(xia)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“以养牺牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),以供皇(huang)天(tian)上(shang)帝。”皇(huang)天(tian),谓(wei)北辰曜魄宝。上(shang)帝,谓(wei)大微五帝。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鬼号(hao)(hao),若(ruo)(ruo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)皇(huang)祖(zu)伯(bo)某(mou)”者,谓(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)《仪礼(li)(li)(li)(li)·少(shao)(shao)牢(lao)》、《特牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》祝辞,称皇(huang)祖(zu)伯(bo)某(mou)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祗(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)(hao),若(ruo)(ruo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)后(hou)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)祗(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,《左氏(shi)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“君戴皇(huang)天(tian)而(er)履后(hou)土(tu)(tu)。”地(di)(di)祗(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)《大司乐(le)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)(ruo)乐(le)八(ba)变,地(di)(di)祗(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皆(jie)(jie)出”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“币号(hao)(hao),若(ruo)(ruo)玉(yu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)嘉(jia)玉(yu),币云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)量(liang)币”,此(ci)(ci)并《曲(qu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》文。经无(wu)玉(yu)号(hao)(hao),郑(zheng)(zheng)兼言(yan)(yan)(yan)玉(yu)者,祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)神有(you)(you)玉(yu),《曲(qu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》亦(yi)有(you)(you)玉(yu)号(hao)(hao)。按:《小行人》合六币,圭以马(ma),璋以皮,玉(yu)得(de)与(yu)币同号(hao)(hao),故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)兼言(yan)(yan)(yan)玉(yu)也(ye)。先郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)号(hao)(hao),为牺牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)名(ming)号(hao)(hao)”,引《曲(qu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“牛(niu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)一(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)大武”者,郑(zheng)(zheng)彼(bi)注(zhu)(zhu):“元(yuan),头(tou)也(ye)。武,迹也(ye)。”一(yi)(yi)(yi)头(tou)大迹。“豕曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)刚(gang)鬣”者,豕肥(fei)(fei)则(ze)鬃鬣刚(gang)强(qiang)。“羊曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)柔(rou)(rou)毛”者,羊肥(fei)(fei)则(ze)毛柔(rou)(rou)润。“鸡曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)翰音”者,翰,长也(ye),音,鸣也(ye),谓(wei)长鸣鸡。“号(hao)(hao)”,谓(wei)黍(shu)(shu)(shu)稷(ji)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)名(ming)号(hao)(hao),引《曲(qu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》“黍(shu)(shu)(shu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)香(xiang)合”者,言(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)(ci)黍(shu)(shu)(shu)香(xiang)合以为祭(ji)(ji)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“粱曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)香(xiang)箕”者,郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“箕,辞也(ye)。”言(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)(ci)粱香(xiang)可祭(ji)(ji)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“稻曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嘉(jia)疏”者,言(yan)(yan)(yan)稻下莱地(di)(di)所(suo)生,嘉(jia),善也(ye),疏,草也(ye),言(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)(ci)稻善疏草可祭(ji)(ji)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《少(shao)(shao)牢(lao)馈食(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘敢用(yong)柔(rou)(rou)毛刚(gang)鬣’”者,大夫少(shao)(shao)牢(lao)祭(ji)(ji),故(gu)号(hao)(hao)此(ci)(ci)二牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《士(shi)虞礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘敢用(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)刚(gang)鬣’”者,士(shi)祭(ji)(ji)用(yong)特豕,故(gu)号(hao)(hao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“香(xiang)合”者,据《曲(qu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》“黍(shu)(shu)(shu)之号(hao)(hao)也(ye)”,故(gu)彼(bi)郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“黍(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye),大夫士(shi)於黍(shu)(shu)(shu)稷(ji)之号(hao)(hao),合言(yan)(yan)(yan)普(pu)淖(nao)而(er)已。”此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)香(xiang)合,盖记者误耳。此(ci)(ci)连引之耳,无(wu)所(suo)取证,此(ci)(ci)《士(shi)虞记》文,而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)(li)(li)(li)”者,记亦(yi)是(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)。
辨九祭,一曰命祭,二曰衍祭,三曰炮祭,四曰周祭,五曰振祭,六曰扌需祭,七曰绝祭,八曰缭祭,九曰共祭。(杜子春云:“命祭,祭有所主命也。振祭,振读为慎,礼家读振为振旅之振。扌需祭,扌需读为虞芮之芮。”郑司农云:“衍祭羡之道中,如今祭殇,无所主命。周祭,四面为坐也。炮祭,燔柴也。《尔雅》曰:‘祭天曰燔柴。’扌需祭,以肝肺菹扌需盐醢中以祭也。缭祭,以手从本,循之至于末,乃绝以祭也。绝祭,不循其本,直绝肺以祭也。重肺贱肝,故初祭绝肺以祭,谓之绝祭;至祭之末,礼杀之後,但扌需肝盐中,振之,拟之若祭状,弗祭,谓之振祭。《特牲馈食礼》曰:‘取菹扌需于醢,祭于豆间。’《乡射礼》曰:‘取肺坐,绝祭。’《乡饮酒礼》曰:‘右取肺,左手执本,坐,弗缭,右绝末以祭。’《少牢》曰:‘取肝扌需于盐,振祭。’”玄谓九祭,皆谓祭食者。命祭者,《玉藻》曰“君若赐之食,而君客之,则命之祭,然後祭”是也。衍字当为“延”,炮字当为“包”,声之误也。延祭者,《曲礼》曰“客若降等,执食兴辞,主人兴辞於客,然後客坐,主人延客祭”是也。包犹兼也。兼祭者,《有司》曰“宰夫赞者取白黑以授尸,尸受兼祭于豆祭”是也。周犹遍也。遍祭者,《曲礼》曰“ゾ之序,遍祭之”是也。振祭、扌需祭本同,不食者扌需则祭之,将食者既扌需必振乃祭也。绝祭、缭祭亦本同,礼多者缭之,礼略者绝则祭之。共犹授也。主祭食,宰夫授祭。《孝经说》曰:“共绥执授。”
○衍,音(yin)延。炮,百交反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),刘曰(yue)交反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。扌需,而泉(quan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),一(yi)音(yin)而劣反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),刘又(you)而谁反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。缭,音(yin)了,刘音(yin)料。共(gong),音(yin)恭(gong),注同。芮,人劣反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),又(you)而岁反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),下(xia)同。坐,才卧(wo)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。从,一(yi)本作从持(chi)。从,刘、沈皆子容反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),或如字。杀,色界反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),刘色例反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。却,去(qu)逆(ni)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),又(you)起略反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。执食(shi),思四反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。遍,音(yin)遍,下(xia)同。)
[疏]“辨九”至“共祭”
○释曰:此九祭,先郑自周祭已上,皆是祭鬼神之事。振祭已下,皆是生人之祭食之礼。後郑不从之者,祭天神、地、人鬼,大宗伯辨之,大祝不须别列,且生人祭食,不合与祭鬼神同科,故皆以为生人祭食法。
○注“杜子”至“执授”
○释曰(yue)(yue):杜子春云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)所(suo)主(zhu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡(fan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀,天子诸(zhu)侯木主(zhu),大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)有(you)(you)币帛(bo)主(zhu)其(qi)(qi)神(shen)。《曾子问》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)币帛(bo)皮圭以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)主(zhu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),当主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处。此(ci)(ci)子春之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)当以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)币帛(bo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。但(dan)此(ci)(ci)经文(wen)皆(jie)是(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)法(fa),不(bu)得为(wei)(wei)主(zhu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)读(du)“振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)”为(wei)(wei)“慎”,或为(wei)(wei)“振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)旅”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),或读(du)“扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)”为(wei)(wei)“虞芮(rui)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)芮(rui),此(ci)(ci)读(du)皆(jie)无义(yi)(yi)(yi)意(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)不(bu)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑(zheng)(zheng)司(si)农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“衍(yan)(yan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)羡(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),如今祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)殇,无所(suo)主(zhu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)据(ju)生人祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)法(fa),而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“如今祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)殇”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“周祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),四(si)面为(wei)(wei)坐(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)若祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)百(bai)神(shen),四(si)面各(ge)自为(wei)(wei)坐(zuo)(zuo)。炮祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燔(fan)柴(chai),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)炮是(shi)燔(fan)烧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)燔(fan)柴(chai)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天。此(ci)(ci)皆(jie)生人祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)法(fa),非祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)鬼神(shen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肝肺(fei)(fei)(fei)菹(zu)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)盐醢(hai)(hai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)《特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》、《少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)牢》,堕祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,皆(jie)有(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)菹(zu)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)醢(hai)(hai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。主(zhu)人献(xian)尸(shi)时,宾(bin)长(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肝从(cong),尸(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肝扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)盐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肝肺(fei)(fei)(fei)菹(zu)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)盐醢(hai)(hai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”,彼无云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用肺(fei)(fei)(fei)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)盐醢(hai)(hai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)连(lian)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。按(an)(an):彼肝扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)盐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),哜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),加于(yu)(yu)斤(jin)俎,此(ci)(ci)则是(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),司(si)农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)初祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)于(yu)(yu)盐,即同扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),於(wu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)可。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“缭(liao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)手从(cong)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)本,循(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至于(yu)(yu)末,乃(nai)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)据(ju)《乡(xiang)(xiang)饮酒》而(er)(er)言(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“绝(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),不(bu)循(xun)其(qi)(qi)本,直绝(jue)(jue)(jue)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)》而(er)(er)言(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“重肺(fei)(fei)(fei)贱肝,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)初祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);至祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末,礼(li)(li)杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou),但(dan)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)肝盐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),拟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)若祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)状,弗(fu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”,云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)重肺(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)缭(liao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、绝(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)据(ju)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)而(er)(er)言(yan),周贵肺(fei)(fei)(fei),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)重肺(fei)(fei)(fei)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)贱肝者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),司(si)农(nong)意(yi),上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肝扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)于(yu)(yu)盐,据(ju)《特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》、《少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)牢》,尸(shi)食(shi)(shi)後(hou)(hou),宾(bin)长(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肝从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)初祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),依《特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》、《少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)牢》,无此(ci)(ci)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),於(wu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)可。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“至祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末,礼(li)(li)杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou),但(dan)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)肝盐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),拟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)若祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)状”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)还据(ju)《少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)牢》扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)肝祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)若祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)状弗(fu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),於(wu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)可。引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)《特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)馈(kui)食(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)“取(qu)(qu)菹(zu)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)于(yu)(yu)醢(hai)(hai),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)豆间(jian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)据(ju)ソ义(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)礼(li)(li)》及《乡(xiang)(xiang)饮酒礼(li)(li)》,证有(you)(you)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)《少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)牢礼(li)(li)》,证有(you)(you)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。此(ci)(ci)先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)所(suo)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)四(si)文(wen),後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)不(bu)从(cong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)增成其(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)。但(dan)先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)所(suo)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)《特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》、《少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)牢》,皆(jie)据(ju)一边而(er)(er)言(yan)。按(an)(an):《特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》、《少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)牢》皆(jie)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)两有(you)(you)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)九祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)皆(jie)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)生人将(jiang)食(shi)(shi),先(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)许祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)先(xian)(xian)造食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)。命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)《玉藻》,彼注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),侍(shi)食(shi)(shi)不(bu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),其(qi)(qi)侍(shi)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人而(er)(er)君宾(bin)客(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),虽得祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),待(dai)君命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),然(ran)後(hou)(hou)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),是(shi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“衍(yan)(yan)字(zi)当为(wei)(wei)延(yan),炮字(zi)当为(wei)(wei)包”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),衍(yan)(yan)与(yu)炮於(wu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)无所(suo)取(qu)(qu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)破从(cong)延(yan)与(yu)包。延(yan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《曲礼(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue):“客(ke)若降等,执食(shi)(shi)与(yu)辞(ci)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)彼注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“辞(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),辞(ci)主(zhu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)临已食(shi)(shi),若欲食(shi)(shi)於(wu)堂(tang)下(xia)然(ran)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《有(you)(you)司(si)》曰(yue)(yue):‘宰(zai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)赞者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),取(qu)(qu)白黑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)授(shou)(shou)尸(shi)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),白谓(wei)(wei)(wei)稻,黑谓(wei)(wei)(wei)黍。又(you)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)“《曲礼(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)‘ゾ之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序,遍祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)’是(shi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡(fan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)盛(sheng)主(zhu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馔(zhuan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)所(suo)设ゾ羞,次第(di)遍终。按(an)(an)《公食(shi)(shi)大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)》,惟鱼腊氵音酱不(bu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)薄故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)馀皆(jie)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本同”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),但(dan)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)先(xian)(xian)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)复振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。言(yan)“不(bu)食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)则祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》、《少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)牢》皆(jie)有(you)(you)挪祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。挪祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),未(wei)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)菹(zu)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)于(yu)(yu)醢(hai)(hai),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)豆间(jian)。是(shi)不(bu)食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)则祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“将(jiang)食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)既(ji)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)必(bi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)乃(nai)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》、《少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)牢》皆(jie)有(you)(you)主(zhu)人献(xian)尸(shi),宾(bin)长(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肝从(cong),尸(shi)右取(qu)(qu)肝,扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)于(yu)(yu)盐,振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),哜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),加于(yu)(yu)菹(zu)豆,是(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。言(yan)将(jiang)食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)讫哜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)将(jiang)食(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“绝(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、缭(liao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)本同”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),绝(jue)(jue)(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但(dan)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)缭(liao),缭(liao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)本同。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)(li)多者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)缭(liao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)据(ju)《乡(xiang)(xiang)饮酒》,乡(xiang)(xiang)大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)行乡(xiang)(xiang)饮酒,宾(bin)贤(xian)能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)礼(li)(li)多所(suo)缭(liao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),即司(si)农(nong)所(suo)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)“右取(qu)(qu)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)”已下(xia)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)(li)略者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)则祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)据(ju)《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)》,州(zhou)长(zhang)射(she)则士(shi)礼(li)(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)礼(li)(li)略者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)则祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa),即上先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)所(suo)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)礼(li)(li)》“取(qu)(qu)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)坐(zuo)(zuo),绝(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“共(gong)犹授(shou)(shou)也(ye)(ye)。王祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi),宰(zai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)授(shou)(shou)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)则《膳夫(fu)(fu)(fu)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)则授(shou)(shou)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。王谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)膳夫(fu)(fu)(fu),而(er)(er)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宰(zai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)诸(zhu)侯是(shi)宰(zai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《孝经说(shuo)》曰(yue)(yue),共(gong)授(shou)(shou)执授(shou)(shou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《孝经纬》文(wen)。汉(han)时禁(jin)纬,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“说(shuo)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“共(gong)绥执授(shou)(shou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)将(jiang)绥祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,共(gong)此(ci)(ci)绥祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)授(shou)(shou)尸(shi)。引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证共(gong)为(wei)(wei)授(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)。
辨九[A18I],一曰稽首,二曰顿首,三曰空首,四曰振动,五曰吉[A18I],六曰凶[A18I],七曰奇[A18I],八曰褒[A18I],九曰肃[A18I],以享右祭祀。(稽首,拜头至地也。顿首,拜头叩地也。空首,拜头至手,所谓拜手也。吉拜,拜而后稽颡,谓齐衰不杖以下者。言吉者,此殷之凶拜,周以其拜与顿首相通,故谓之吉拜云。凶拜,稽颡而后拜,谓三年服者。杜子春云:“振读为振铎之振,动读为哀恸之恸,奇读为奇偶之奇,谓先屈一膝,今雅拜是也。或云:奇读曰倚,倚拜谓持节、持戟拜,身倚之以拜。”郑大夫云:“动读为董,书亦或为董。振董,以两手相击也。奇拜,谓一拜也。褒读为报,报拜,再拜是也。”郑司农云:“褒拜,今时持节拜是也。肃拜,但俯下手,今时扌壹是也。介者不拜,故曰‘为事故,敢肃使者’。”玄谓振动战栗变动之拜。《书》曰“王动色变”。一拜,答臣下拜。再拜,拜神与尸。享,献也,谓朝献馈献也。右读为侑。侑劝尸食而拜。
○[A18I],音拜,下同。<旨首>,音启,本又(you)作稽。振动,如字,李音董,杜徒弄(nong)反(fan)(fan),今亻妥人拜,以(yi)两手相击,如郑(zheng)大夫之(zhi)说,盖古之(zhi)遗(yi)法。奇,纪宜反(fan)(fan),注同。褒,音报(bao)。右,音又(you)。近(jin),附近(jin)之(zhi)近(jin)。动,徒弄(nong)反(fan)(fan)。倚(yi),於绮反(fan)(fan),下同。扌壹,於立反(fan)(fan),即(ji)今之(zhi)揖。为,于(yu)伪反(fan)(fan)。使,所吏反(fan)(fan)。朝,直遥反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“辨九”至“祭祀”
○释曰:此九拜之中,四种是正拜,五者逐事生名,还依四种正拜而为之也。一曰稽首,二曰顿首,三曰空首,此三者相因而为之。空首者,先以两手拱至地,乃头至手,是为空首也。以其头不至地,故名空首。顿首者,为空首之时引头至地,首顿地即举,故名顿首。一曰稽首,其稽,稽留之字,头至地多时,则为稽首也。此三者,正拜也。稽首,拜中最重,臣拜君之拜。二曰顿首者,平敌自相拜之拜。三曰空首拜者,君答臣下拜。知义然者,按哀十七年,公会齐侯盟於蒙,孟武伯相。齐侯稽首,公则拜。齐人怒。武伯曰:“非天子,寡君无所稽首。”公如晋,孟献子相。公稽首。知武子曰:“天子在,而君辱稽首,寡君惧矣。”孟献子曰:“以敝邑介在东表,密迩仇雠,寡君将君是望,敢不稽首。”《郊特牲》曰:“大夫之臣不稽首,非尊家臣,以避君也。”如是相礼,诸侯于天子,臣于君,稽首,礼之正。然诸相於大夫之臣,及凡自敌者,皆当从顿首之拜也。如是差之,君拜臣下,当从空首,拜其有敬事亦稽首,故《大誓》云:“周公曰:都懋哉,子闻古先哲王之格言以下,大子发拜手稽首。”是其君于臣稽首事。《洛诰》云“周公拜手稽首,朕复子明辟。成王拜手稽首,不敢不敬天之休”者,此即两相尊敬,故皆稽首。九曰肃拜者,拜中最轻,惟军中有此肃拜,妇人亦以肃拜为正。其馀五者,附此四种正拜者,四曰振动附稽首,五曰吉拜附顿首,六曰凶拜亦附稽首,七曰奇拜附空首,八曰褒拜亦附稽首。以享侑祭祀者,享,献也。谓朝践献尸时拜,侑,侑食,侑劝尸食时而拜。此九拜不专为祭祀,而以祭祀结之者,祭祀事重,故举以言之。
○注“稽首”至“而拜”
○释(shi)曰(yue):“稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)首(shou)(shou),拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)头至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)。顿(dun)(dun)首(shou)(shou),拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)头叩地(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),二(er)(er)种(zhong)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)俱(ju)头至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di),但(dan)(dan)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)首(shou)(shou)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)多时(shi),顿(dun)(dun)首(shou)(shou)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)则举,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)叩地(di)(di)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)若以(yi)(yi)(yi)首(shou)(shou)叩物然,云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“空首(shou)(shou),拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)头至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)手(shou)(shou)所,谓(wei)(wei)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)手(shou)(shou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即《尚书(shu)(shu)》拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)手(shou)(shou)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)首(shou)(shou)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“吉(ji)(ji)(ji)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)後(hou)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),谓(wei)(wei)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)谓(wei)(wei)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),而(er)(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),对(dui)凶(xiong)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)为(wei)轻(qing)。此(ci)(ci)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)先作(zuo)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)首(shou)(shou),後(hou)作(zuo)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)。稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)还(hai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)顿(dun)(dun)首(shou)(shou),但(dan)(dan)触地(di)(di)无容(rong),则谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)杖(zhang)(zhang)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)入(ru)凶(xiong)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《杂(za)(za)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“父(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)为(wei)妻,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)。”明知父(fu)(fu)(fu)没,为(wei)妻杖(zhang)(zhang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)知此(ci)(ci)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)谓(wei)(wei)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“言吉(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)殷(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)凶(xiong)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)《檀弓(gong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),颓乎其(qi)(qi)顺也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),颀乎其(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang),吾从(cong)其(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“自期如殷(yin)(yin)可,言自期,则是(shi)(shi)(shi)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)已(yi)(yi)下(xia),用殷(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)此(ci)(ci)殷(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)凶(xiong)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)与顿(dun)(dun)首(shou)(shou)相(xiang)近,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言相(xiang)近者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非谓(wei)(wei)文相(xiang)近,是(shi)(shi)(shi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)体相(xiang)近。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)先作(zuo)顿(dun)(dun)首(shou)(shou),后(hou)(hou)(hou)作(zuo)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)还(hai)依顿(dun)(dun)首(shou)(shou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)体相(xiang)近,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)约义,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言“云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)疑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凶(xiong)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),谓(wei)(wei)三(san)年(nian)服”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)《杂(za)(za)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“三(san)年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang),即以(yi)(yi)(yi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。非三(san)年(nian)丧(sang)(sang)(sang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。”又《檀弓(gong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),颀乎其(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):‘三(san)年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang),吾从(cong)其(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。’”若然,上(shang)(shang)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)已(yi)(yi)下(xia),则齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)入(ru)此(ci)(ci)凶(xiong)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)《杂(za)(za)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“父(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)为(wei)妻,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)。父(fu)(fu)(fu)卒,乃(nai)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)”,则是(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)妻有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)时(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)略而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言。但(dan)(dan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)妻,父(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)主,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),则众(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)妻,父(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)亦(yi)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)据(ju)(ju)(ju)众(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)常稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)(ju)(ju)《杂(za)(za)记(ji)》成(cheng)(cheng)文。杜子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“振读为(wei)振铎(duo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)振”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),读从(cong)《小(xiao)宰职》“振木铎(duo)于(yu)朝”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)振。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“动(dong)读为(wei)哀(ai)恸(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恸(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)从(cong)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)哭颜回“哀(ai)恸(tong)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恸(tong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“奇(qi)读为(wei)奇(qi)耦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)从(cong)《郊(jiao)特(te)牲(sheng)》“鼎(ding)俎(zu)奇(qi),笾(bian)豆耦”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi)。已(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)读字,後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)皆从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“先屈一(yi)(yi)(yi)膝,今雅拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):奇(qi)读曰(yue)倚,倚拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)谓(wei)(wei)持节、持戟拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),身倚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)”,此(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑(zheng)(zheng)大(da)夫云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“动(dong)读为(wei)董,书(shu)(shu)亦(yi)或为(wei)董振之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)董”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)读从(cong)《左氏》“董之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)威”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)“董振”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)董。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)两手(shou)(shou)相(xiang)击”,此(ci)(ci)后(hou)(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“奇(qi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),谓(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,一(yi)(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)君(jun)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)臣(chen)下(xia)。按(an)(an)《燕礼》、《大(da)射》有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),君(jun)答(da)(da)一(yi)(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),后(hou)(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“褒(bao)读为(wei)报,报拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)谓(wei)(wei)再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)从(cong)。郑(zheng)(zheng)司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“褒(bao)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持节拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),后(hou)(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“肃(su)(su)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),但(dan)(dan)俯下(xia)手(shou)(shou),今时(shi)扌(shou)壹(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,按(an)(an)《仪礼·乡饮酒(jiu)》,宾(bin)客(ke)入(ru)门,有(you)(you)扌(shou)壹(yi)入(ru)门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。推手(shou)(shou)曰(yue)揖,引(yin)手(shou)(shou)曰(yue)扌(shou)壹(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“介者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)为(wei)事故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),敢(gan)(gan)肃(su)(su)使者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,按(an)(an)成(cheng)(cheng)十(shi)六年(nian),晋楚(chu)战於(wu)鄢(yan)陵,楚(chu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)使工(gong)尹襄(xiang)问至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)弓(gong)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)见客(ke),免胄承(cheng)命。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)(gan)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)命”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“介者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。”又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君(jun)命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辱,为(wei)事故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),敢(gan)(gan)肃(su)(su)使者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),三(san)肃(su)(su)使者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)退”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)军(jun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)肃(su)(su)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)法。按(an)(an)成(cheng)(cheng)二(er)(er)年(nian)鞍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战,获齐(qi)(qi)侯,晋至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)投戟,逡巡,再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)首(shou)(shou)。军(jun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)得拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《公羊》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。将军(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)介胄,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)得有(you)(you)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)法。“玄谓(wei)(wei)振动(dong)战栗变(bian)动(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),《书(shu)(shu)》曰(yue)王(wang)(wang)动(dong)色(se)变(bian)”,按(an)(an)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)候(hou)·我膺》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“季秋七月(yue)甲子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),赤(chi)雀(que)衔(xian)丹书(shu)(shu)入(ru)酆,至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昌户,再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)首(shou)(shou)受(shou)。”按(an)(an)今文《大(da)誓》,得火乌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑞(rui),“使上(shang)(shang)附以(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)公书(shu)(shu),报诰於(wu)王(wang)(wang),王(wang)(wang)动(dong)色(se)变(bian)”。虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)文,与文王(wang)(wang)受(shou)赤(chi)雀(que)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命,同为(wei)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)首(shou)(shou)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),答(da)(da)臣(chen)下(xia)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)神与尸(shi)(shi)”,此(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),增郑(zheng)(zheng)大(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。知再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)神与尸(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)《特(te)牲(sheng)礼》,祝(zhu)酌(zhuo)奠於(wu)南,主人再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),祝(zhu)在(zai)左也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)於(wu)尸(shi)(shi),谓(wei)(wei)献(xian)(xian)尸(shi)(shi),尸(shi)(shi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)受(shou),主人拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)送是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸侯亦(yi)当(dang)然。或解(jie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)答(da)(da)臣(chen)下(xia),亦(yi)据(ju)(ju)(ju)祭(ji)祀时(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)宴礼君(jun)答(da)(da)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)臣(chen),或再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)时(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“享,献(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),谓(wei)(wei)朝献(xian)(xian)馈献(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)祀二(er)(er)灌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou),惟(wei)有(you)(you)朝践馈献(xian)(xian)称献(xian)(xian),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知享献(xian)(xian)据(ju)(ju)(ju)朝践馈献(xian)(xian)时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“右(you)读为(wei)侑。侑劝(quan)尸(shi)(shi)食而(er)(er)(er)(er)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)《特(te)牲(sheng)》“尸(shi)(shi)食,祝(zhu)侑,主人拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)”,《少牢》“主人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)侑”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知侑尸(shi)(shi)时(shi)有(you)(you)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。
凡大祀、肆享、祭示,则执明水火而号祝;(明水火,司ピ所共日月之气,以给享。执之如以六号祝,明此圭也。祀,祭天神也。肆享,祭宗庙也。故书“祗”为“礻方”,杜子春云“礻方当为祗”。
○,音(yin)因(yin)。ピ,况晚反。礻方(fang),必庚反。)
[疏]注“明水”至“为祗”
○释曰:知“明(ming)水(shui)(shui)(shui)火(huo),司ピ所共日(ri)月之(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《司ピ氏(shi)职》云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)夫遂(sui)取明(ming)火(huo)於(wu)日(ri),以(yi)鉴(jian)取明(ming)水(shui)(shui)(shui)於(wu)月”。彼虽不云(yun)(yun)气(qi),此(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)火(huo)皆由日(ri)月之(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)所照得之(zhi)(zhi),故以(yi)气(qi)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)给享,执(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)如以(yi)六(liu)号(hao)祝(zhu),明(ming)此(ci)圭(gui)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),经(jing)云(yun)(yun)“执(zhi)明(ming)水(shui)(shui)(shui)火(huo)而号(hao)祝(zhu)”,明(ming)知六(liu)号(hao)皆执(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)也(ye)。号(hao)祝(zhu),执(zhi)明(ming)水(shui)(shui)(shui)火(huo),明(ming)主人圭(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)德。云(yun)(yun)“祀(si),祭天神也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),《太宗(zong)伯(bo)》昊天称,日(ri)月称实柴,司中之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)称燎(liao)。通而言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),三者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)礼,皆有义,则知祀(si)祀(si)天神,通星辰已(yi)下。云(yun)(yun)“肆享,祭宗(zong)庙也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《宗(zong)伯(bo)》,宗(zong)庙之(zhi)(zhi)祭,六(liu)等(deng)皆称享,则此(ci)含(han)六(liu)种之(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)。杜(du)子(zi)春云(yun)(yun)“礻(shi)方当为祗”,《宗(zong)伯(bo)》血祭已(yi)下是也(ye)。
隋衅、逆牲、逆尸,令钟鼓,右亦如之;(隋衅,谓荐血也。凡血祭曰衅。既隋衅,後言逆牲,容逆鼎。右读亦当为侑。
○隋(sui),许规反,又(you)惠恚反,後同。右,音(yin)又(you)。)
[疏]注“隋衅”至“为侑”
○释曰:郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“隋(sui)衅(xin)(xin)谓(wei)荐(jian)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也”者(zhe)(zhe),贾(jia)氏(shi)云(yun)(yun):“衅(xin)(xin),衅(xin)(xin)宗庙。”马(ma)氏(shi)云(yun)(yun):“血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)涂钟鼓(gu)。”郑(zheng)不从(cong)而以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为荐(jian)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)祭(ji)(ji)祀者(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)“既祭(ji)(ji)令(ling)彻”,则此上(shang)(shang)下(xia)皆(jie)是祭(ji)(ji)祀之(zhi)(zhi)事,何得於中(zhong)辄有(you)衅(xin)(xin)庙?涂鼓(gu)直称衅(xin)(xin),何得兼言(yan)(yan)隋(sui)?故为祭(ji)(ji)祀荐(jian)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)解之(zhi)(zhi)。郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)祭(ji)(ji)曰衅(xin)(xin)”者(zhe)(zhe),此经文(wen)承上(shang)(shang)“祀、肆享(xiang)、祭(ji)(ji)祀”之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),即此血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),含上(shang)(shang)三祀。但天地荐(jian)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)于(yu)座前,宗庙即血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告杀,故言(yan)(yan)凡(fan)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)祭(ji)(ji)曰衅(xin)(xin)。云(yun)(yun)“既隋(sui)衅(xin)(xin),後(hou)言(yan)(yan)逆牲,容逆鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)”者(zhe)(zhe),凡(fan)祭(ji)(ji)祀之(zhi)(zhi)法,先逆牲,後(hou)隋(sui)衅(xin)(xin)。今隋(sui)衅(xin)(xin)在(zai)前,逆牲在(zai)後(hou)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)门外(wai),荐(jian)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)後(hou)乃有(you)阎(yan)孰之(zhi)(zhi)事,逆鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)而入(ru),故云(yun)(yun)容鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)。知鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)门外(wai)者(zhe)(zhe),按《中(zhong)ニ礼(li)》,灶在(zai)庙门外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)东,主人迎鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)事。云(yun)(yun)“右读亦为侑”者(zhe)(zhe),亦上(shang)(shang)九(jiu)拜(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),享(xiang)右之(zhi)(zhi)字皆(jie)为侑。
来瞽,令皋舞,(皋读为卒嗥呼之嗥。来、嗥者,皆谓呼之入。
○皋,音(yin)嗥,户高反,刘户报反。卒,子忽反。呼,火故反。)
[疏]注“皋读”至“之入”
○释曰:“皋(gao)读为(wei)卒嗥(hao)呼(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)嗥(hao)”者(zhe),依俗读。云“来(lai)(lai)嗥(hao)者(zhe)皆谓(wei)呼(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)入”者(zhe),经云瞽(gu)人拟升堂歌,舞(wu)谓(wei)学子舞(wu)人。瞽(gu)人言“来(lai)(lai)”,亦(yi)(yi)呼(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)乃入,皋(gao)舞(wu),令呼(hu)(hu)亦(yi)(yi)来(lai)(lai)入,故(gu)郑云来(lai)(lai)嗥(hao)皆谓(wei)呼(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)入也。
相尸礼;(延其出入,诏其坐作。
○相,息(xi)亮(liang)反,下同。)
[疏]注“延其”至“坐作”
○释曰:凡言(yan)“相尸(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),诸事(shi)皆(jie)相,故以“出入”、“坐(zuo)(zuo)作”解之(zhi)(zhi)。尸(shi)出入者(zhe)(zhe),谓祭初(chu)延之(zhi)(zhi)入,二灌讫(qi),退出坐(zuo)(zuo)于堂(tang)上,南面,朝践馈献讫(qi),又延之(zhi)(zhi)入室。言(yan)“诏(zhao)其坐(zuo)(zuo)作”者(zhe)(zhe),《郊特牲》云:“诏(zhao)祝(zhu)於室,坐(zuo)(zuo)尸(shi)于堂(tang)。”馈献讫(qi),又入室。坐(zuo)(zuo)言(yan)作者(zhe)(zhe),凡坐(zuo)(zuo)皆(jie)有(you)作,及与主(zhu)人答拜,皆(jie)有(you)坐(zuo)(zuo)作之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故云诏(zhao)其坐(zuo)(zuo)作也(ye)。
既祭,令彻。
[疏]“既祭令彻”
○释曰:祭(ji)讫,尸谡之(zhi)後,大祝命彻祭(ji)器。即《诗》云“诸宰君妇,废彻不(bu)”是(shi)也。
大丧,始崩,以肆鬯氵弭尸,相饭,赞敛,彻奠;(肆鬯,所为陈尸设鬯也。郑司农云:“氵弭尸,以鬯浴尸。”
○氵弭,弥(mi)尔(er)反(fan)。饭(fan),扶晚反(fan)。敛(lian),力验反(fan)。)
[疏]“大丧”至“彻奠”
○释曰:此经皆(jie)是大祝(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)事。云(yun)(yun)“始(shi)(shi)崩,以肆鬯(chang)氵(shui)弭尸(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),肆,陈也(ye)。氵(shui)弭,浴(yu)也(ye)。王丧始(shi)(shi)崩,陈尸(shi),以鬯(chang)浴(yu)尸(shi),取其香美。云(yun)(yun)“相饭(fan)(fan)”者(zhe)(zhe),浴(yu)讫即饭(fan)(fan)含(han),故言相饭(fan)(fan)也(ye)。不(bu)言相含(han)者(zhe)(zhe),《大宰》云(yun)(yun)“大丧,赞(zan)赠玉含(han)玉”,此故不(bu)言。云(yun)(yun)“赞(zan)敛(lian)”者(zhe)(zhe),小(xiao)(xiao)敛(lian)十九称在户内(nei)。大敛(lian),百二十称在阼(zuo)阶。冬(dong)官主敛(lian)事,大祝(zhu)(zhu)赞(zan)之(zhi)。彻者(zhe)(zhe),《小(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“奠(dian)(dian),奠(dian)(dian)爵也(ye)。”谓正祭时。此文承大丧之(zhi)下,故奠(dian)(dian)为(wei)始(shi)(shi)死之(zhi)奠(dian)(dian)。小(xiao)(xiao)敛(lian)、大敛(lian)、奠(dian)(dian),并大祝(zhu)(zhu)彻之(zhi)。
言甸人读祷;付、练、祥,掌国事。(郑司农云:“甸人主设复礻弟,大祝主言问其具礻弟物。”玄谓言犹语也。祷,六辞之属祷也。甸人丧事代王受眚灾,大祝为祷辞语之,使以祷於藉田之神也。付当为。祭於先王,以後死者。掌国事,辨护之。
○付,音附。礻弟,他兮反。语,鱼据(ju)反,下(xia)同。)
[疏]“言甸”至“国事”
○释曰:既殡之後,大祝为祷辞,与甸人言,犹语也,故言语甸人读祷辞,代王受眚灾。云“、练、祥,掌国事”者,,谓虞卒哭後,祭於祖庙。练,谓十三月小祥练祭。祥,谓二十五月大祥,除衰杖。此三者,皆以国事大祝掌之,故云掌国事也。
○注“郑司”至“护之”
○释曰(yue):先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“甸人(ren)主(zhu)设复礻(shi)弟,大祝主(zhu)言(yan)问其具礻(shi)弟物(wu)”者(zhe),此文承(cheng)“赞(zan)敛”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,则是既(ji)(ji)殡(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事始(shi)云(yun)(yun)设复礻(shi)弟者(zhe),故(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)不(bu)从。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)祷(dao)(dao)(dao),六(liu)辞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),此经读祷(dao)(dao)(dao),则云(yun)(yun)辞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中五曰(yue)祷(dao)(dao)(dao),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)六(liu)辞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“甸人(ren)丧(sang)事代王(wang)(wang)受眚灾(zai)(zai)”者(zhe),按(an)《甸人(ren)职》云(yun)(yun)“丧(sang)事代王(wang)(wang)受眚灾(zai)(zai)”,按(an)彼注云(yun)(yun):“粢盛者(zhe),祭(ji)(ji)祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今国遭大丧(sang),若云(yun)(yun)此黍稷不(bu)馨,使鬼神不(bu)逞於(wu)王(wang)(wang)。既(ji)(ji)殡(bin),大祝作祷(dao)(dao)(dao)辞授甸人(ren),使以(yi)(yi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)藉田之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神,受眚灾(zai)(zai),弭(mi)後(hou)殃(yang)。”彼注与此意同。言(yan)“弭(mi)後(hou)殃(yang)”者(zhe),今王(wang)(wang)已(yi)崩(beng),虽(sui)无救,为(wei)後(hou)王(wang)(wang)而(er)谢过,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)弭(mi)後(hou)殃(yang)。郑(zheng)知(zhi)既(ji)(ji)殡(bin)後(hou)者(zhe),此文承(cheng)“赞(zan)敛”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,敛讫则殡(bin),故(gu)知(zhi)此读祷(dao)(dao)(dao)在既(ji)(ji)殡(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“付(fu)当为(wei),祭(ji)(ji)於(wu)先王(wang)(wang),以(yi)(yi)後(hou)死”者(zhe),按(an)《丧(sang)服(fu)小记(ji)》以(yi)(yi)孙於(wu)祖,以(yi)(yi)其昭穆同,先王(wang)(wang)即祖也(ye)(ye)(ye),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)祭(ji)(ji)於(wu)先王(wang)(wang),後(hou)死者(zhe)。云(yun)(yun)“掌国事,辨(bian)(bian)(bian)护(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),辨(bian)(bian)(bian)护(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),《中候(hou)》文。按(an)《中候(hou)·握(wo)河(he)纪》云(yun)(yun):“尧受《河(he)图》时(shi),伯禹进迎,舜契陪位,稷辨(bian)(bian)(bian)护(hu)(hu)。”注云(yun)(yun):“进迎,接神也(ye)(ye)(ye)。稷,官名,谓(wei)弃。辨(bian)(bian)(bian)护(hu)(hu)者(zhe),供时(shi)用,相礼(li)仪。”引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)证掌国事。则此大祝於(wu)、练、祥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),共(gong)其祭(ji)(ji)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),及相其礼(li)仪也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
国有大故、天灾,弥祀社稷(ji),祷(dao)祠(ci)。(大故,兵寇也。天灾,疫疠水旱(han)也。弥犹遍(bian)也。遍(bian)祀社稷(ji)及诸所祷(dao),既则(ze)祠(ci)之以(yi)报焉。)
[疏]注“大故”至“报焉”
○释曰:郑知“大(da)故(gu)(gu)(gu),兵寇也(ye)”者,下则(ze)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天灾(zai)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知大(da)故(gu)(gu)(gu)直(zhi)是(shi)兵寇也(ye)。知“天灾(zai),疫疠水(shui)旱”者,见《宗伯》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“以(yi)(yi)荒礼(li)哀凶札(zha)”,郑注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“荒,人物有(you)害(hai)。”又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“吊礼(li)哀祸(huo)灾(zai)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“祸(huo)灾(zai),谓水(shui)火。”此皆是(shi)天灾(zai)流行,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)天灾(zai)谓疫疠水(shui)旱。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“弭(mi)(mi)犹(you)遍也(ye),遍祀社(she)稷及诸所祷(dao)(dao)”,按《小祝(zhu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“弭(mi)(mi)灾(zai)兵”,弭(mi)(mi)为(wei)安,此弭(mi)(mi)为(wei)遍,不同者,义各有(you)所施。彼是(shi)灾(zai)兵之(zhi)事,故(gu)(gu)(gu)弭(mi)(mi)为(wei)安;此祷(dao)(dao)祀之(zhi)事,靡神不举,以(yi)(yi)弥(mi)为(wei)遍。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“既(ji)则(ze)祠之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)报焉(yan)”者,以(yi)(yi)其始为(wei)曰祷(dao)(dao),得求曰祠,故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)报赛解祠。
大师,宜于社,造于祖,设军社,类上帝,国将有事于四望,及军归献于社,则前祝。(郑司农说设军社以《春秋传》曰,所谓“君以师行,祓社衅鼓,祝奉以从”者也。则前祝,大祝自前祝也。玄谓前祝者,王出也,归也,将有事於此神,大祝居前,先以祝辞告之。
○祓,芳弗反(fan),刘音(yin)(yin)废。从(cong),才用反(fan),一音(yin)(yin)如字,下注(zhu)同。)
[疏]“大师”至“前祝”
○释曰:此经六事,皆大祝所掌。言大师者,王出六军,亲行征伐,故曰大师。云“宜于社”者,军将出,宜祭於社,即将社主行,不用命戮於社。云“造於祖”者,出必造,即七庙俱祭,取迁庙之主行,用命赏于祖,皆载於齐车。云“设军社”者,此则据社在军中,故云设军社。云“类上帝”者,非常而祭曰类,军将出,类祭上帝,告天将行。云“国将有事於四望”者,谓军行所过山川,造祭乃过。“及军归,献于社”者,谓征伐有功,得囚俘而归,献捷于社。按《王制》云:“出征,执有罪反,以释奠于学。”注云:“释菜奠币,礼先师也。”引《诗》“执讯获丑”,则亦献于学。云“则前祝”者,此经六事,皆大祝前辞。
○注“郑司”至“告之”
○释曰:司农引《春秋(qiu)传》者,定四(si)(si)年《左氏传》,按彼祝(zhu)佗(tuo)云“君(jun)以(yi)军(jun)(jun)行”者,师(shi)(shi)(shi)则军(jun)(jun)也(ye),故《尚书》云“大巡六师(shi)(shi)(shi)”,《诗》云“六师(shi)(shi)(shi)及之(zhi)(zhi)”,皆以(yi)师(shi)(shi)(shi)名军(jun)(jun)。引之(zhi)(zhi)者,证社在军(jun)(jun),谓之(zhi)(zhi)军(jun)(jun)社之(zhi)(zhi)事。“玄谓前祝(zhu)者,王出也(ye),归(gui)也(ye),将有(you)事於此神(shen)”,据此经(jing)(jing)四(si)(si)望(wang)已上(shang)为出时(shi),献(xian)於社为归(gui)时(shi)。皆大祝(zhu)前祝(zhu),以(yi)辞告(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)。按《尚书·武成(cheng)》“丁未祀于周庙(miao),庚戌柴望(wang)”,皆是军(jun)(jun)归(gui)告(gao)宗庙(miao),告(gao)天及山川(chuan),即此经(jing)(jing)出时(shi)告(gao)之(zhi)(zhi),归(gui)亦告(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)。此经(jing)(jing)上(shang)帝四(si)(si)望(wang)不见归(gui)时(shi)所告(gao),故郑总云“王出也(ye),归(gui)也(ye),而将有(you)事於此神(shen)”以(yi)该之(zhi)(zhi)。
大会同,造于庙,宜于社,过大山川,则用事焉;反行,舍奠。(用事,亦用祭事告行也。《玉人职》有宗祝以黄金勺前马之礼,是谓过大山川与?《曾子问》曰:“凡告必用牲币,反亦如之。”
○舍(she),音释(shi),一音赦。与,音馀(yu)。)
[疏]“大会”至“舍奠”
○释曰:“大会同”者,王与诸侯时见曰会,殷见曰同,或在畿内,或在畿外,亦告庙而行。云“造”者,以其非时而祭,造次之意,即上文“造于祖”,一也。云“反行,舍奠”者,《曲礼》云:“出必告,反必面。”据生时人子出入之法。今王出行时,造于庙,将迁庙主行,反行,还祭七庙,非时而祭曰奠。
○注“用事”至“如之”
○释曰(yue):言“用(yong)(yong)(yong)事(shi)亦(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)祭事(shi)告(gao)(gao)行也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言亦(yi)如上(shang)经大(da)师用(yong)(yong)(yong)祭事(shi)告(gao)(gao)行。引(yin)《玉人(ren)(ren)职(zhi)(zhi)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《玉人(ren)(ren)职(zhi)(zhi)》:“大(da)璋(zhang)(zhang)中(zhong)(zhong)璋(zhang)(zhang)九寸(cun)(cun),边璋(zhang)(zhang)七寸(cun)(cun),射四(si)(si)寸(cun)(cun),厚寸(cun)(cun),黄(huang)(huang)(huang)金(jin)勺(shao),青金(jin)外,天(tian)子以(yi)巡(xun)守,宗祝以(yi)前马(ma)。”此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)宗祝以(yi)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)金(jin)勺(shao)前马(ma)之礼(li)”,非(fei)是彼正文(wen)义(yi),略言之耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“是谓过(guo)(guo)大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)与(yu)(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)过(guo)(guo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan),此(ci)言过(guo)(guo)大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan),此(ci)不(bu)(bu)言用(yong)(yong)(yong)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)金(jin)勺(shao),故(gu)言以(yi)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)金(jin)勺(shao),以(yi)义(yi)约为(wei)一,故(gu)言“与(yu)(yu)”以(yi)疑之。彼注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)璋(zhang)(zhang),中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)璋(zhang)(zhang),小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)边璋(zhang)(zhang)。”此(ci)直见(jian)过(guo)(guo)大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan),不(bu)(bu)见(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)共大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)一处,直告(gao)(gao)大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan),不(bu)(bu)告(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao),故(gu)不(bu)(bu)见(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)。各自(zi)别处,则用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)璋(zhang)(zhang)边璋(zhang)(zhang)。此(ci)所过(guo)(guo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan),非(fei)直用(yong)(yong)(yong)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)金(jin)勺(shao)酌献而已,亦(yi)有(you)牢,故(gu)《校人(ren)(ren)职(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“将有(you)事(shi)於四(si)(si)海山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan),则饰黄(huang)(huang)(huang)驹(ju)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“四(si)(si)海犹(you)四(si)(si)方(fang)。王巡(xun)守过(guo)(guo)大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan),则有(you)杀(sha)驹(ju)以(yi)祈沈之礼(li)与(yu)(yu)?”是其牲(sheng)(sheng)牢也(ye)。引(yin)《曾(ceng)子问》曰(yue)“凡告(gao)(gao)必用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)币,反亦(yi)如之”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按彼注(zhu)破(po)“牲(sheng)(sheng)”为(wei)“制(zhi)”,此(ci)用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)币不(bu)(bu)破(po)之者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼文(wen)不(bu)(bu)取牲(sheng)(sheng)义(yi),直取出告(gao)(gao)反亦(yi)告(gao)(gao)而已,故(gu)破(po)牲(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)制(zhi)。於此(ci)经皆用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng),知者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《王制(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“归假于祖祢,用(yong)(yong)(yong)特”,《尧典》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“归格于艺祖,用(yong)(yong)(yong)特”,《校人(ren)(ren)》有(you)“饰黄(huang)(huang)(huang)驹(ju)”之文(wen),则知此(ci)经出入皆有(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)礼(li),故(gu)不(bu)(bu)破(po)牲(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)制(zhi)。
建邦(bang)国,先告后土,用牲币。(后土,社(she)神也。)
[疏]注“后土社神也”
○释曰(yue):按《大宗伯》“王大封(feng)则(ze)先(xian)告(gao)后土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)”,注云:“后土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)(shen)。”土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)(shen)则(ze)社神(shen)(shen)也(ye)。按《孝经纬》云:“社者(zhe),五(wu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)总神(shen)(shen)。”《郊特牲(sheng)(sheng)》云“社祭土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)而主阴气”,故名社为土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)(shen)。勾龙生为后土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)官,死则(ze)配社,故举配食(shi)人神(shen)(shen)以言(yan)社,其实告(gao)社神(shen)(shen)也(ye)。以其建邦国(guo),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地之(zhi)事,故先(xian)告(gao)后土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。虽告(gao)祭非(fei)常(chang),有牲(sheng)(sheng)有币,礼动不虚故也(ye)。
禁督逆祀(si)命(ming)者。(督,正也。正王(wang)之(zhi)所命(ming),诸侯之(zhi)所祀(si),有逆者,则刑罚焉(yan)。)
[疏]“禁督逆祀命者”
○释曰:王者有命,命诸侯祭祀之事,不使上僭下逼,谓之礼。若有违者,即谓之逆。命大祝掌鬼神之官,故禁正逆祀命也。
○注“督正”至“罚焉”
○释曰:经(jing)直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)“禁督逆(ni)祀(si)命”,郑以(yi)诸(zhu)侯解之者(zhe)(zhe),承(cheng)上(shang)建(jian)邦国,故知据诸(zhu)侯。云(yun)(yun)“有逆(ni)者(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)刑(xing)罚(fa)焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe),大祝主诸(zhu)侯逆(ni)祀(si),告(gao)上(shang)与之刑(xing)罪(zui),不(bu)得自施刑(xing)罚(fa)。
颁(ban)祭(ji)(ji)号(hao)于邦国(guo)都鄙。(祭(ji)(ji)号(hao),六号(hao)。)
[疏]注“祭号六号”
○释曰:邦国,谓畿(ji)外诸(zhu)侯。都鄙,畿(ji)内三等(deng)采(cai)地。天祝主祭(ji)号(hao),故大祝颁之。六号(hao)之中兼有天地。诸(zhu)侯不得祭(ji)天地,而郑云“祭(ji)号(hao),六号(hao)”,郑据大祝掌六号(hao),据上(shang)成文(wen)而言,鲁与(yu)二王之後得祭(ji)所感帝,兼有神号(hao)。
小祝掌小祭祀,将事侯禳祷祠之祝号,以祈福祥,顺丰年,逆时雨,宁风旱,弥灾兵,远罪疾。(侯之言候也,候嘉庆,祈福祥之属。禳,禳凶咎,宁风旱之属。顺丰年而顺为之祝辞。逆,迎也。弥读曰敉。敉,安也。
○弥,依注(zhu)音敉,亡尔反(fan),下注(zhu)同。远(yuan),于万反(fan)。)
[疏]“小祝”至“疾”
○释曰:“掌小祭祀”者,即是“将事侯禳”已下祷祠之事是也。小祭祀与将事侯禳已下作目,将事侯禳祷祠祝号,又与祈福祥、顺丰年已下为目。祈福祥、顺丰年、逆时雨,三者皆是侯。宁风旱、弥灾兵、远罪疾,三者即是禳。求福谓之祷,报赛谓之祠。皆有祝号。故总谓之祷祠之祝辞。“祈福祥”已下不言“一曰”、“二曰”者,大祝已言讫,小祝佐大祝行事,故略而不言,亦欲见事起无常,故不言其次第。
○注“侯之”至“安也”
○释曰:“侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)候(hou)也,候(hou)嘉(jia)庆,祈(qi)福祥(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),“之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”中(zhong)兼有顺丰年,逆时(shi)雨。嘉(jia),善(shan)(shan)也。此三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆是善(shan)(shan)庆之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)设祈(qi)祷(dao)候(hou)迎(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)。云“禳(rang),禳(rang)凶咎(jiu),宁(ning)风旱(han)之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),“之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”中(zhong)兼有弥(mi)灾兵,远罪疾,三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是凶咎(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)设祷(dao)祠禳(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)。云“顺丰年而顺为之(zhi)(zhi)祝辞(ci)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《管子》云:“仓廪实而知礼节,衣食(shi)足知荣辱。”意皆欲如此,是丰年顺民(min)意也。故(gu)(gu)(gu)设祈(qi)礼,以求丰年而顺民(min),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云为之(zhi)(zhi)祝辞(ci)也。云“弥(mi)读曰敉(mi)。敉(mi),安(an)(an)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《洛诰》云:“亦(yi)未(wei)克敉(mi)公(gong)功。”注(zhu)云:“敉(mi),安(an)(an)也。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)知此弥(mi)读曰敉(mi),敉(mi),安(an)(an)也。
大祭(ji)祀(si),逆盛,送逆尸(shi),沃尸(shi)盥,赞(zan)隋(sui),赞(zan)彻(che),赞(zan)奠。(隋(sui),尸(shi)之祭(ji)也。奠,奠爵也。祭(ji)祀(si)奠先彻(che)後,反(fan)言(yan)之者,明所佐大祝(zhu)非(fei)一。)
[疏]“大祭”至“赞奠”
○释曰:云“逆盛”者,祭宗庙馈献後,尸将入室食,小祝於庙门外,迎饣喜人之盛於庙堂东,实之,荐於神座前。“送逆尸”者,为始祭迎尸而入,祭末送尸而出。《祭义》云“乐以迎来,哀以送往”是也。云“沃尸盥”者,尸尊不就洗。按《特牲》、《少牢》,尸入庙门,盥於盘,其时小祝沃水。云“赞隋”者,案《特牲》、《少牢》,尸始入室,拜妥尸,尸隋祭,以韭菹扌需于醢,以祭於豆间,小祝其时赞尸以授之。云“赞彻”者,《大祝》云:“既祭,命彻。”诸宰君妇彻时,小祝赞之也。云“赞奠”者,大祝酌酒,奠于南,则《郊特牲》注“天子奠,诸侯奠角”,小祝其时赞之。
○注“隋尸”至“非一”
○释曰:主人受(shou)尸(shi)酢(zuo)时,亦(yi)有(you)隋(sui)祭(ji)。但此(ci)经“赞(zan)隋(sui)”,文承逆(ni)尸(shi)沃尸(shi)之下,故隋(sui)是(shi)尸(shi)之祭(ji)也。云(yun)“奠(dian),奠(dian)爵也”者(zhe),则《特牲》“祝酌(zhuo)奠(dian)于南(nan)”是(shi)也。云(yun)“祭(ji)祀奠(dian)先彻後(hou)”者(zhe),奠(dian)爵在尸(shi)食前(qian),彻在尸(shi)谡後(hou),故云(yun)奠(dian)先彻後(hou)。云(yun)“反言之”者(zhe),经先言彻,後(hou)言奠(dian),反言之者(zhe),欲(yu)见所佐(zuo)大祝非一(yi),故倒文以见义。
凡事,佐(zuo)大(da)祝。(唯(wei)大(da)祝所有(you)事。)
[疏]注“唯大祝所有事”
○释曰(yue):经云“凡事”,诸有事皆佐(zuo)大(da)(da)(da)祝(zhu),故郑云“唯(wei)大(da)(da)(da)祝(zhu)所有事”。乃佐(zuo)之(zhi),据《大(da)(da)(da)祝(zhu)职》不(bu)言之(zhi)者(zhe),或佐(zuo)馀官,或小(xiao)祝(zhu)专行之(zhi)也。若然,佐(zuo)大(da)(da)(da)祝(zhu)不(bu)在职末言之(zhi),於此见文(wen)者(zhe),欲自此已上有佐(zuo)大(da)(da)(da)祝(zhu)者(zhe),自此已下唯(wei)大(da)(da)(da)丧(sang)赞(zan)氵弭佐(zuo)大(da)(da)(da)祝(zhu),设(she)熬以(yi)下小(xiao)祝(zhu)专行。
大丧,赞氵弭,(故书“氵弭”为“摄”,杜子春云:“当为氵弭,氵弭谓浴尸。”)设熬,置铭;(铭,今书或作名。郑司农云:“铭,书死者名於旌,今谓之柩。《士丧礼》曰:‘为铭,各以其物。亡则以缁,长半幅;末,长终幅,广三寸。书名于末,曰某氏某之柩。竹杠长三尺,置于西阶上。’重木置于中庭,参分庭一在南。粥馀饭,盛以二鬲,县于重,幂用苇席。取铭置于重。”杜子春云:“熬谓重也。《檀弓》曰:‘铭,明旌也。以死者为不可别,故以其旗识之,爱之斯录之矣,敬之斯尽其道焉尔。重,主道也。殷主缀重焉,周主彻重焉,奠以素器,以主人有哀素之心也。’”玄谓熬者,棺既盖,设於其旁,所以惑蚍蜉也。《丧大记》曰:“熬,君四种八筐,大夫三种六筐,士二种四筐,加鱼腊焉。”《士丧礼》曰:“熬,黍稷各二筐,有鱼腊,馔于西坫南。”又曰:“设熬,旁一筐,乃涂。”
○熬(ao),五羔反(fan)。为(wei)名,音铭(ming),下(xia)“取(qu)名”同(tong)。,敕贞反(fan)。杠,音江(jiang)。重,直(zhi)龙(long)反(fan),下(xia)同(tong)。粥,之六反(fan),又音育。盛(sheng),音成(cheng)。鬲,音历。识识,并伤志(zhi)反(fan),一读下(xia)识,如字。尽,津忍反(fan)。蚍,音毗(pi)。蜉(fu),音浮。种,章(zhang)勇反(fan),下(xia)同(tong)。坫,丁念反(fan)。)
[疏]“设熬置铭”
○释曰:熬,谓熬。殡在堂时,设於棺旁,所以惑蚍蜉。云“置铭”者,铭谓铭旌,书死者名。既殡,置於阶西上,所以表柩。
○注“铭今”至“乃涂”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“铭(ming)(ming)(ming)今(jin)书(shu)(shu)或(huo)(huo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)名(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非古(gu)书(shu)(shu)出见(jian),今(jin)《周礼(li)(li)》或(huo)(huo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)名(ming)(ming),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)铭(ming)(ming)(ming)书(shu)(shu)死(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)名(ming)(ming),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)得通一(yi)(yi)义,故(gu)(gu)司(si)农(nong)以(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。司(si)农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“铭(ming)(ming)(ming),书(shu)(shu)死(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)名(ming)(ming)於旌(jing),今(jin)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柩”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),铭(ming)(ming)(ming)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)表柩,故(gu)(gu)汉(han)时(shi)谓(wei)(wei)铭(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)柩。《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“为(wei)铭(ming)(ming)(ming)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)物”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)为(wei)铭(ming)(ming)(ming)旌(jing),用生时(shi)旌(jing)旗,但(dan)沽而(er)(er)小。案《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)》注(zhu),王则(ze)(ze)(ze)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)常,诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)则(ze)(ze)(ze)建,孤卿建旃,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建物。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“亡则(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)缁,长(zhang)(zhang)半(ban)幅(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亡,无也(ye)(ye)(ye),为(wei)生时(shi)无旌(jing)旗,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)命是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。生时(shi)无旌(jing)旗,故(gu)(gu)用缁,长(zhang)(zhang)半(ban)幅(fu)(fu),长(zhang)(zhang)一(yi)(yi)尺(chi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“未,长(zhang)(zhang)终幅(fu)(fu),广三寸(cun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),依《尔雅》,一(yi)(yi)入赤(chi)汁谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纟原,再入谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。,赤(chi)色缯也(ye)(ye)(ye)。长(zhang)(zhang)终幅(fu)(fu),长(zhang)(zhang)二(er)(er)尺(chi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“书(shu)(shu)名(ming)(ming)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)末(mo)(mo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),书(shu)(shu)死(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)名(ming)(ming)於末(mo)(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“曰(yue)(yue)(yue)某(mou)氏某(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柩”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),某(mou)氏是(shi)(shi)姓(xing),下(xia)某(mou)是(shi)(shi)名(ming)(ming)。此谓(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)。案《丧(sang)服小记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun),周天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)书(shu)(shu)铭(ming)(ming)(ming),并与(yu)(yu)(yu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“竹(zhu)杠长(zhang)(zhang)三尺(chi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),依《礼(li)(li)纬》,天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)旌(jing)旗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杠九仞(ren),诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)七仞(ren),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)五仞(ren),士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三仞(ren)。今(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三尺(chi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)(ze)(ze)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)尺(chi)易仞(ren)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“置(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)西阶(jie)上(shang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),始死(si)即(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)铭(ming)(ming)(ming),倚于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。殡(bin)(bin)讫(qi),置(zhi)(zhi)於西阶(jie)上(shang)屋宇(yu)下(xia)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)木”以(yi)(yi)下(xia),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)》文(wen)。经(jing)虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)》有(you)(you)“取(qu)(qu)铭(ming)(ming)(ming)置(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”,是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)因铭(ming)(ming)(ming)兼(jian)解(jie)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。言(yan)(yan)“粥馀饭(fan)(fan)(fan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),饭(fan)(fan)(fan)米(mi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)沐(mu)米(mi)同(tong)。按(an)《丧(sang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)记(ji)》:“君沐(mu)梁,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)沐(mu)稷(ji),天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沐(mu)粱,诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沐(mu)稻。”天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)当沐(mu)黍,饭(fan)(fan)(fan)米(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馀以(yi)(yi)为(wei)粥,盛以(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)鬲。按(an)郑(zheng)注(zhu)《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)》,鬲与(yu)(yu)(yu)簋同(tong)差(cha),天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)八,诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)六,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)四(si),士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“取(qu)(qu)铭(ming)(ming)(ming)置(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)未殡(bin)(bin)以(yi)(yi)前。殡(bin)(bin)讫(qi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)置(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)西阶(jie)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。杜子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“熬(ao)(ao)谓(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“取(qu)(qu)铭(ming)(ming)(ming)置(zhi)(zhi)於重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”,与(yu)(yu)(yu)此经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“设(she)(she)熬(ao)(ao)置(zhi)(zhi)铭(ming)(ming)(ming)”,亦(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)设(she)(she)熬(ao)(ao)讫(qi),置(zhi)(zhi)铭(ming)(ming)(ming)於熬(ao)(ao)上(shang),事相当。故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)熬(ao)(ao)为(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)熬(ao)(ao)与(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)(suo)设(she)(she)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。引(yin)(yin)《檀(tan)弓》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)既解(jie)熬(ao)(ao)为(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),遂引(yin)(yin)铭(ming)(ming)(ming)与(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)证(zheng)耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“铭(ming)(ming)(ming),明(ming)旌(jing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)神(shen)明(ming)死(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)旌(jing),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)明(ming)死(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)铭(ming)(ming)(ming)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯录(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣,敬(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯尽(jin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)焉尔”,郑(zheng)彼注(zhu)谓(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)奠,则(ze)(ze)(ze)斯录(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)据(ju)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),斯尽(jin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)据(ju)奠。以(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)引(yin)(yin)证(zheng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),则(ze)(ze)(ze)取(qu)(qu)爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯录(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)取(qu)(qu)敬(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯尽(jin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),连引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),主(zhu)(zhu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),始死(si)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),葬(zang)後(hou)(hou)乃(nai)有(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu),是(shi)(shi)始死(si)虽未有(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)木主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“殷(yin)主(zhu)(zhu)缀重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)彼注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“殷(yin)人作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu),而(er)(er)联其(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),悬(xuan)诸(zhu)(zhu)庙(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。去显(xian)考乃(nai)埋(mai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。谓(wei)(wei)始死(si)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),至(zhi)葬(zang)後(hou)(hou)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)木主(zhu)(zhu),乃(nai)缀连重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬲,悬(xuan)於祖(zu)庙(miao)(miao)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祥迁庙(miao)(miao),乃(nai)埋(mai)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)於庙(miao)(miao)门外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)。故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)殷(yin)主(zhu)(zhu)缀重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)焉。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“周主(zhu)(zhu)彻重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),周人不(bu)(bu)(bu)缀重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)死(si)始作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),至(zhi)葬(zang)朝庙(miao)(miao),重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)先(xian)柩从(cong)入祖(zu)庙(miao)(miao)。朝庙(miao)(miao)讫(qi),明(ming)旦将葬(zang),重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)先(xian)出,倚于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)左(zuo)。葬(zang)後(hou)(hou)既虞,埋(mai)於所(suo)(suo)倚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处。故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun),周人作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu),彻重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)埋(mai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“奠以(yi)(yi)素器(qi),以(yi)(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)人有(you)(you)哀素之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),杜子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)连引(yin)(yin),於经(jing)无所(suo)(suo)当。“玄谓(wei)(wei)熬(ao)(ao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),棺既盖(gai),设(she)(she)於其(qi)(qi)(qi)旁(pang)(pang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),约《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)》而(er)(er)知。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)惑蚍蜉(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),无正文(wen),郑(zheng)君以(yi)(yi)意解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)熬(ao)(ao)似(si)蚍蜉(fu),蚍蜉(fu)见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)至(zhi)棺旁(pang)(pang),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)惑。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《丧(sang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)记(ji)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)熬(ao)(ao)君四(si)种八筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),黍、稷(ji)、稻、梁各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)二(er)(er)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)三种六筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),黍、稷(ji)梁各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)二(er)(er)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)种四(si)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),黍、稷(ji)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)二(er)(er)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“加(jia)鱼(yu)腊焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),君、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)、士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)熬(ao)(ao),黍稷(ji)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)二(er)(er)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),有(you)(you)鱼(yu)腊,馔于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)西坫(dian)南(nan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),堂西南(nan)隅谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坫(dian)。馔於此者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)未用时(shi)加(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盖(gai)後(hou)(hou),设(she)(she)於棺旁(pang)(pang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“又(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)设(she)(she)熬(ao)(ao),旁(pang)(pang)一(yi)(yi)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),乃(nai)涂”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此皆(jie)所(suo)(suo)设(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处。言(yan)(yan)旁(pang)(pang)一(yi)(yi)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),则(ze)(ze)(ze)首足各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)旁(pang)(pang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)二(er)(er)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),首足各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。君八筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),左(zuo)右各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)二(er)(er)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),首足亦(yi)(yi)(yi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)二(er)(er)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。郑(zheng)君引(yin)(yin)此者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),将以(yi)(yi)破子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)为(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
及葬,设道赍之奠,分祷五祀。(杜子春云:“赍当为粢。道中祭也。汉仪每街路辄祭。”玄谓赍犹送也。送道之奠,谓遣奠也。分其牲体以祭五祀,告王去此宫中,不复反,故兴祭祀也。王七祀,五者,司命、大厉,平生出入不以告。
○赍,音咨。遣(qian),弃(qi)战反。)
[疏]“及葬”至“五祀”
○释曰:赍,送也。“送道之奠”,谓将葬,於祖庙之庭设大遣奠。遣,送死者,故谓之送道之奠,因分此奠以告五祀,言王去此宫中也。
○注“杜子”至“以告”
○释曰:子春云,读“赍(ji)”为(wei)“粢”,粢谓黍(shu)稷以为(wei)道中祭(ji)也,引汉法(fa)(fa)为(wei)证。後郑(zheng)不从者,按《既夕(xi)礼(li)》祖(zu)庙之(zhi)庭(ting),礼(li)道中无祭(ji)法(fa)(fa)。“玄谓赍(ji)犹送也,送道之(zhi)奠,谓遣奠也”者,按《既夕(xi)礼(li)》,祖(zu)庙之(zhi)庭(ting),厥明(ming)设大(da)(da)遣奠,包(bao)牲(sheng)取下(xia)体(ti)是(shi)也。云“分(fen)(fen)其牲(sheng)体(ti)以祭(ji)五(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si),告王去此(ci)宫中,不复反”者,言分(fen)(fen)牲(sheng)体(ti)者,包(bao)牲(sheng)而取其下(xia)体(ti),下(xia)体(ti)之(zhi)外,分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)为(wei)五(wu)处祭(ji)也。云“王七祀(si)(si)(si)(si)”者,《祭(ji)法(fa)(fa)》文。云“司命(ming)、大(da)(da)厉,平生(sheng)出入(ru)不以告”者,按《月(yue)(yue)令》,春祀(si)(si)(si)(si)户,夏祀(si)(si)(si)(si)灶(zao),季夏祀(si)(si)(si)(si)中ニ,秋(qiu)则(ze)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)门,冬则(ze)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)行。此(ci)并是(shi)人之(zhi)以所由从之(zhi)处,非(fei)直四(si)时(shi)合祭(ji),所以出入(ru)亦(yi)宜告之(zhi)。按《祭(ji)法(fa)(fa)》,王七祀(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)中有司命(ming)、大(da)(da)厉,此(ci)经五(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)与《月(yue)(yue)令》同,《月(yue)(yue)令》不祭(ji)司命(ming)及大(da)(da)厉之(zhi)等(deng),此(ci)不祭(ji)则(ze)可知。《既夕(xi)》,士礼(li),亦(yi)云“分(fen)(fen)祷五(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)”者,郑(zheng)注云“博(bo)求之(zhi)”。依《祭(ji)法(fa)(fa)》,士二祀(si)(si)(si)(si)。
大师,掌衅(xin)祈号祝。(司(si)农云:“衅(xin)谓(wei)衅(xin)鼓也。《春秋传》曰:君以军行(xing),祓(fu)社(she)衅(xin)鼓,祝奉以从。”)
[疏]“大师”至“号祝”
○释曰:云“掌衅”者,据大师氏之文而言耳,则惟为以血衅鼓。“祈号也”者,将出军祷祈之礼,皆小祝号以读祝辞,盖所以令将军祈而请之也。此皆小事,故大师用小祝以读祝耳。
○注“郑司”至“以从”
○释曰:引“《春秋(qiu)传》曰”者,定四(si)年祝(zhu)佗辞。引之者,证军师有(you)衅(xin)(xin)鼓之事。所(suo)引之辞者,将(jiang)以登军师有(you)必取威於天下(xia),欲使敌人畏之也。所(suo)以必有(you)征伐四(si)方之事,故须(xu)用血(xue)以衅(xin)(xin)於,鼓故有(you)衅(xin)(xin)鼓之事。
有寇戎之事,则保郊,祀于社。(故书“祀”或作“衤┆”。司农云:“谓保守郊祭诸祀及社,无令寇侵犯之。”杜子春读“礻┆”为“祀”。书亦或为“祀”。玄谓保祀互文,郊社皆守而祀之,弥灾兵。
○礻┆,音祀。令,力呈反(fan),下“令可”同。)
[疏]注“故书”至“灾兵”
○释曰:先郑(zheng)云(yun)“谓(wei)(wei)保守郊(jiao)祭(ji)诸祀(si)(si)(si)及(ji)社”者,先郑(zheng)之(zhi)义,经之(zhi)祀(si)(si)(si),谓(wei)(wei)祀(si)(si)(si)神,故云(yun)祭(ji)诸祀(si)(si)(si)及(ji)社。後(hou)郑(zheng)不(bu)从者,以(yi)其经祀(si)(si)(si)为诸祀(si)(si)(si),祀(si)(si)(si)与社文,此不(bu)见祭(ji)事(shi),故祀(si)(si)(si)於社,其为一事(shi)解之(zhi)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)保祀(si)(si)(si)互文”者,郊(jiao)言(yan)(yan)保守,亦(yi)祀(si)(si)(si)。社言(yan)(yan)祀(si)(si)(si),亦(yi)保守。故云(yun)郊(jiao)社皆守而祀(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)。云(yun)“弥灾兵(bing)(bing)”者,经言(yan)(yan)有寇戎之(zhi)事(shi),则亦(yi)是灾兵(bing)(bing),故引(yin)《小祝(zhu)》“弥灾兵(bing)(bing)”而解之(zhi)。
凡外内小祭祀、小丧纪、小会同、小军旅(lv),掌事焉。
[疏]“凡外”至“事焉”
○释曰:“外内小(xiao)(xiao)祭祀(si)(si)”者,按《小(xiao)(xiao)司徒》“小(xiao)(xiao)祭祀(si)(si)奉牛牲”,郑注(zhu)(zhu)云:“小(xiao)(xiao)祭祀(si)(si),王玄冕所祭。”按《司服》“群小(xiao)(xiao)祀(si)(si)用玄冕”,郑注(zhu)(zhu)云:“小(xiao)(xiao)祭祀(si)(si)谓林泽四方百(bai)物(wu)。”是(shi)外小(xiao)(xiao)祭祀(si)(si)也(ye)。其内小(xiao)(xiao)祀(si)(si),谓宫中七祀(si)(si)之等(deng)。“小(xiao)(xiao)丧(sang)纪”者,王后以下之丧(sang)。“小(xiao)(xiao)会同”,谓诸侯遣(qian)臣来,王使卿大(da)夫(fu)与之行(xing)会同之礼。“小(xiao)(xiao)军旅”者,王不(bu)自行(xing),遣(qian)卿大(da)夫(fu)征伐。“掌(zhang)事”者,此(ci)数事皆小(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)专掌(zhang)其事也(ye)。