●卷四
磬(qing)师掌教击磬(qing),击编(bian)(bian)钟(zhong)。(教,教视了也。磬(qing)亦编(bian)(bian),於(wu)锺(zhong)言之(zhi)者(zhe),锺(zhong)有不编(bian)(bian),不编(bian)(bian)者(zhe)锺(zhong)师击之(zhi)。杜子春读编(bian)(bian)为编(bian)(bian)书之(zhi)编(bian)(bian)。)
[疏]注“教教”至“之编”
○释曰:郑(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)(zhi)“教(jiao),教(jiao)视(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)”者(zhe),《视(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)》职(zhi)云(yun)(yun):“掌播鼗,击(ji)笙磬(qing)、颂(song)磬(qing)。”若然(ran),视(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)击(ji)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),知(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)教(jiao)视(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)击(ji)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)钟者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)磬(qing)是(shi)(shi)乐县之首,故(gu)特举此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan),其(qi)实(shi)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)钟亦(yi)视(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)击(ji)之,故(gu)《师(shi)》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)“击(ji)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)亦(yi)视(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)”也。云(yun)(yun)“磬(qing)亦(yi)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),於锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)言(yan)(yan)之者(zhe),锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)者(zhe)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)师(shi)击(ji)之”者(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)(zhi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)经云(yun)(yun)击(ji)磬(qing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),则(ze)磬(qing)无(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)无(wu)可(ke)对(dui),故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。钟言(yan)(yan)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),则(ze)对(dui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)者(zhe),故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)磬(qing)亦(yi)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),於锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)言(yan)(yan)之者(zhe),锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)者(zhe),锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)师(shi)自(zi)击(ji)之也。郑(zheng)(zheng)必知(zhi)(zhi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),使(shi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)师(shi)自(zi)击(ji)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)言(yan)(yan)教(jiao)视(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)击(ji)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)钟,明不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)教(jiao)视(shi)(shi)了(le)(le),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)教(jiao)者(zhe)自(zi)击(ji)之可(ke)知(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)《锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)师(shi)》云(yun)(yun)“掌金奏”,又云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)奏九夏(xia)”,明是(shi)(shi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)者(zhe),十二辰零锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也。若《书传》云(yun)(yun)“左(zuo)五锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),右五锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”也。“杜子春(chun)读编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)为编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)书之编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)”者(zhe),按《史记》,孔(kong)子读《易》,韦(wei)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)三绝。是(shi)(shi)古者(zhe)未有(you)(you)(you)纸,皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)韦(wei)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)竹简,此(ci)(ci)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing)亦(yi)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之,十六枚在一ね,故(gu)读从之也。
教缦乐、燕乐之锺磬。(杜子春读缦为怠慢之慢。玄谓缦读为缦锦之缦,谓杂声之和乐者也。《学记》曰:“不学操缦,不能安弦。”燕乐,房中之乐,所谓阴声也。二乐皆教其锺磬。
○缦,莫半反,杜(du)音慢。操,七曹反。)
[疏]注“杜子”至“锺磬”
○释曰:子(zi)春读(du)“缦(man)(man)”为(wei)“慢”,後郑不(bu)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)缦(man)(man)读(du)为(wei)缦(man)(man)锦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)缦(man)(man)”者(zhe),时有缦(man)(man)锦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,依(yi)俗读(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“谓(wei)(wei)杂(za)(za)声之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)乐(le)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)杂(za)(za)弄调(diao)(diao)和(he),引《学记》为(wei)证。按(an)彼郑注云(yun)“操(cao)缦(man)(man),杂(za)(za)弄”,即今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)调(diao)(diao)辞曲(qu),若不(bu)学调(diao)(diao)弦,则不(bu)能安意於弦也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“燕乐(le),房(fang)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)”者(zhe),此即《关雎(ju)》、《二(er)南》也(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“房(fang)中(zhong)”者(zhe),房(fang)中(zhong),谓(wei)(wei)妇(fu)人。后妃以风喻君子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi),故谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)房(fang)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)。
凡祭祀,奏缦乐。
锺师掌(zhang)金奏(zou)。(金奏(zou),击金以为奏(zou)乐之节。金谓(wei)锺及(ji)。)
[疏]注“金奏”至“及”
○释曰:此即锺(zhong)师自击不编(bian)之锺(zhong)。凡作乐,先(xian)击锺(zhong),故郑云(yun)(yun)“金奏,击金以(yi)为奏乐之节”。是以(yi)下云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)锺(zhong)鼓(gu)奏九夏”,亦先(xian)云(yun)(yun)锺(zhong)也(ye)。郑云(yun)(yun)“金谓锺(zhong)及”者,以(yi)是二(er)者皆不编(bian),独(du)县(xian)而已。
凡乐事,以锺鼓奏《九夏》:《王夏》、《肆夏》、《昭夏》、《纳夏》、《章夏》、《齐夏》、《族夏》、《礻戒夏》、《骜夏》。(以锺鼓者,先击锺,次击鼓以奏《九夏》。夏,大也,乐之大歌有九。故书“纳”作“内”,杜子春云:“内当为纳,礻戒读为陔鼓之陔。王出入奏《王夏》,尸出入奏《肆夏》,牲出入奏《昭夏》,四方宾来奏《纳夏》,臣有功奏《章夏》,夫人祭奏《齐夏》,族人侍奏《族夏》,客醉而出奏《陔夏》,公出入奏《骜夏》。《肆夏》,诗也。《春秋传》曰:‘穆叔如晋,晋侯享之,金奏《肆夏》三,不拜;工歌《文王》之三,又不拜;歌《鹿鸣》之三,三拜,曰:《三夏》,天子所以享元侯也,使臣不敢与闻。《肆夏》与《文王》、《鹿鸣》俱称三,谓其三章也。’以此知《肆夏》诗也。《国语》曰:‘金奏《肆夏》、《繁遏》、《渠》,天子所以享元侯。‘《肆夏》、《繁遏》、《渠》,所谓《三夏》矣。吕叔玉云:《肆夏》、《繁遏》、《渠》皆《周颂》也。《肆夏》,《时迈》也。《繁遏》,《执亻竟》也。《渠》,《思文》。肆,遂也。夏,大也。言遂於大位,谓王位也,故《时迈》曰‘肆于时夏,允王保之’。繁,多也。遏,止也。言福禄止於周之多也,故《执亻竟》曰‘降福穰穰,降福简简,福禄来反’。渠,大也,言以后稷配天,王道之大也。故《思文》曰‘思文后稷,克配彼天’。故《国语》谓之曰‘皆昭令德以合好也’。”玄谓以《文王》、《鹿鸣》言之,则《九夏》皆诗篇名,颂之族类也。此歌之大者,载在乐章,乐崩亦从而亡,是以颂不能具。
○纳夏,本或作(zuo)夏纳。齐,侧皆(jie)反(fan)(fan),本作(zuo)斋。礻戒,古哀(ai)反(fan)(fan)。骜,五羔反(fan)(fan),刘五到反(fan)(fan)。使,色吏反(fan)(fan)。与,音预。遏,於葛反(fan)(fan)。亻竟,音竞,《诗》作(zuo)竞。穰(rang),如(ru)羊反(fan)(fan)。好,呼报反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]注“以锺”至“能具”
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鼓者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),先击(ji)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),次(ci)击(ji)鼓”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)师(shi)(shi)直击(ji)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)击(ji)鼓,而(er)(er)(er)兼(jian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)鼓者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡作(zuo)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le),先击(ji)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),次(ci)击(ji)鼓,欲见(jian)(jian)鼓锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)先後(hou)(hou)次(ci)第,故(gu)兼(jian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中得(de)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓堂上歌(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),堂下以(yi)(yi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鼓应(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)《左(zuo)氏传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“晋(jin)侯(hou)(hou)歌(ge)(ge)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)二(er)肆(si)”,亦(yi)谓歌(ge)(ge)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)相应(ying)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲明此(ci)《九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)诗(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)歌(ge)(ge)有九(jiu)(jiu)”。杜子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礻戒(jie)读(du)为(wei)陔(gai)(gai)鼓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陔(gai)(gai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),汉有陔(gai)(gai)鼓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,故(gu)《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)师(shi)(shi)》先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若今时(shi)(shi)行礼(li)(li)(li)於大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)学,罢出(chu),以(yi)(yi)《鼓陔(gai)(gai)》为(wei)节(jie)”,故(gu)读(du)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)出(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《王(wang)(wang)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,尸出(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,牲出(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《昭夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)司乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)》文(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“四(si)方宾(bin)来奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《纳夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,臣有功(gong)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《章夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,夫人祭奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《齐夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,族人侍(shi)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《族夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)四(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)皆(jie)无(wu)明文(wen),或子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)(chun)别有所(suo)(suo)见(jian)(jian),故(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宾(bin)醉而(er)(er)(er)出(chu)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《陔(gai)(gai)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),宾(bin)醉将出(chu)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),恐其(qi)失(shi)礼(li)(li)(li),故(gu)戒(jie)切之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使不(bu)失(shi)礼(li)(li)(li),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)《乡(xiang)饮酒》、《乡(xiang)射(she)(she)》、《燕(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)》,宾(bin)醉将出(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi),皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《陔(gai)(gai)》。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公出(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《骜(ao)(ao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公入(ru)(ru)(ru),奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《骜(ao)(ao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)射(she)(she)於西郊,自(zi)外入(ru)(ru)(ru)时(shi)(shi)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《骜(ao)(ao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》。不(bu)见(jian)(jian)出(chu)时(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)出(chu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)(jian)《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)师(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“行以(yi)(yi)《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,趋以(yi)(yi)《采荠》。”出(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)礼(li)(li)(li)同(tong)(tong),则(ze)(ze)《骜(ao)(ao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》亦(yi)出(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)礼(li)(li)(li)同(tong)(tong),故(gu)兼(jian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)出(chu)也(ye)。此(ci)《九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),惟《王(wang)(wang)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,惟天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)得(de)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou),诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)已下不(bu)得(de)。其(qi)《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,则(ze)(ze)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)亦(yi)当用(yong)(yong),故(gu)燕(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》;大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫已下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)得(de),故(gu)《郊特牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,由赵文(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)始(shi)”,明不(bu)合(he)也(ye)。其(qi)《昭夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》已下,诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)亦(yi)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)《骜(ao)(ao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)入(ru)(ru)(ru)时(shi)(shi)无(wu)文(wen),故(gu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)(chun)取《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)》“公入(ru)(ru)(ru)《骜(ao)(ao)》”,以(yi)(yi)明天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)用(yong)(yong)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,诗(shi)(shi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),《九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》皆(jie)不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)诗(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)解者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)同(tong)(tong),故(gu)杜注(zhu)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》为(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)曲(qu)名”。今云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》诗(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)《九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》皆(jie)诗(shi)(shi)”,後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)传》曰”已下,襄公四(si)年传文(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“俱称(cheng)三(san)(san)(san),谓其(qi)三(san)(san)(san)章”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)皆(jie)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)章者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),以(yi)(yi)章名篇(pian)(pian)(pian)耳。引(yin)《国语》曰“金奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《繁遏》、《渠》,天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)元侯(hou)(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),歌(ge)(ge)诗(shi)(shi)尊(zun)卑各别,若天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)元侯(hou)(hou),升歌(ge)(ge)《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》颂(song)(song),合(he)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雅》。享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)五(wu)(wu)等(deng)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),升歌(ge)(ge)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雅》,合(he)《小雅》。享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),歌(ge)(ge)《小雅》,合(he)乡(xiang)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。若两元侯(hou)(hou)自(zi)相享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)己同(tong)(tong)。五(wu)(wu)等(deng)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)自(zi)相享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),亦(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)己同(tong)(tong)。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),亦(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)同(tong)(tong)。燕(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong),故(gu)燕(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)燕(yan)(yan)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)升歌(ge)(ge)《鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)鸣》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)三(san)(san)(san)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)。襄四(si)年,晋(jin)侯(hou)(hou)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)穆叔,为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)《鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)鸣》。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)嘉寡君”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)燕(yan)(yan)同(tong)(tong)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“所(suo)(suo)谓三(san)(san)(san)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即上引(yin)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)》“肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)三(san)(san)(san)不(bu)拜(bai)”,三(san)(san)(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《三(san)(san)(san)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)《三(san)(san)(san)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》。吕叔玉(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)(chun)引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)叔玉(yu)同(tong)(tong),三(san)(san)(san)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)并是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在《周颂(song)(song)》篇(pian)(pian)(pian),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)《时(shi)(shi)迈》、《执竞》、《思文(wen)》三(san)(san)(san)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)当之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)(jian)《文(wen)王(wang)(wang)》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)明》、《绵(mian)》及(ji)(ji)《鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)鸣》、《四(si)牡》、《皇皇者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)华》,皆(jie)举见(jian)(jian)在《诗(shi)(shi)》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)名,及(ji)(ji)《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《繁遏》、《渠》,举篇(pian)(pian)(pian)中义(yi)意(yi),故(gu)知(zhi)义(yi)非也(ye)。“玄谓以(yi)(yi)《文(wen)王(wang)(wang)》、《鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)鸣》言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)《九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》皆(jie)《诗(shi)(shi)》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)名”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)襄四(si)年,晋(jin)侯(hou)(hou)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)穆叔,奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)《文(wen)王(wang)(wang)》、《鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)鸣》同(tong)(tong)时(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)作(zuo),以(yi)(yi)类而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan),《文(wen)王(wang)(wang)》、《鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)鸣》等(deng)既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《诗(shi)(shi)》,明《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)(san)亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《诗(shi)(shi)》也(ye)。《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《诗(shi)(shi)》,则(ze)(ze)《九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》皆(jie)《诗(shi)(shi)》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)名也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“颂(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族类也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》并是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)颂(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族类也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)歌(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,以(yi)(yi)其(qi)皆(jie)称(cheng)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“载(zai)在乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)章”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)《九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》本(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)颂(song)(song),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)而(er)(er)(er)配乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)歌(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)为(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)章,载(zai)在乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)章也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)崩亦(yi)从(cong)而(er)(er)(er)亡,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)颂(song)(song)不(bu)能具”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)崩在秦始(shi)皇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,随乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)而(er)(er)(er)亡,颂(song)(song)内无(wu),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)颂(song)(song)不(bu)能具也(ye)。
凡(fan)祭祀、飨食,奏燕乐。(以锺鼓奏之。)
[疏]注“以锺鼓奏之”
○释曰:飨食,谓与诸(zhu)侯行飨食之礼。在庙(miao),故与祭祀同(tong)乐,故连言之。知(zhi)“以锺鼓奏之”者,以其锺师奏《九夏(xia)》用(yong)锺鼓,故知(zhi)此(ci)燕乐亦用(yong)锺鼓奏之可知(zhi)也。
凡(fan)射(she),王奏(zou)《驺虞》,诸侯(hou)奏(zou)《首(shou)》,卿大夫奏(zou)《采》,士奏(zou)《采蘩》。(郑(zheng)司农云(yun):“驺虞,圣兽。”)
[疏]“凡射”至“采蘩”
○释曰:言“凡射”,则大射、宾射等,同用此为射节,故言凡。射人与乐师辨其节数,於此见其作乐人为之,故数职重言。
○注“驺虞圣兽”
○释曰:按《异义》,今《诗》韩、鲁说,驺虞(yu),天子(zi)掌鸟(niao)兽(shou)官。古《毛诗》说,驺虞(yu),义兽(shou),白(bai)虎(hu)黑文,食自死(si)之(zhi)(zhi)肉,不(bu)食生(sheng)物(wu),人君有至信之(zhi)(zhi)德(de)则应之(zhi)(zhi)。《周南(nan)》终(zhong)《麟(lin)止》,《召南(nan)》终(zhong)《驺虞(yu)》,俱称嗟叹(tan)之(zhi)(zhi),皆兽(shou)名(ming)。谨按:古《山(shan)海经》、《周书(shu)》云“驺虞(yu)兽(shou)”,说与《毛诗》同。是其圣兽(shou)也。
掌鼙,鼓缦乐。(鼓读如庄王鼓之鼓。玄谓作缦乐,击鼙以和之。
○和(he),胡卧(wo)反(fan)。)
[疏]注“鼓读”至“和之”
○释曰:“鼓(gu)(gu)读(du)如(ru)庄王鼓(gu)(gu)之鼓(gu)(gu)”者,读(du)从(cong)《左氏传》“庄王亲鼓(gu)(gu)”之鼓(gu)(gu)。“玄谓作缦(man)(man)乐(le),击(ji)(ji)鼙(pi)以和之”者,此官主击(ji)(ji)鼙(pi)。於(wu)磬师作缦(man)(man)乐(le),则锺(zhong)师击(ji)(ji)鼙(pi)以和之。
笙师掌教龠竽、笙、埙、、箫、篪、笛、管,舂牍、应、雅,以教礻戒乐。(教,教视了也。郑司农云:“竽,三十六簧。笙,十三簧。篪,七空。舂牍,以竹大五六寸,长七尺,短者一二尺,其端有两空,{髟米}画,以两手筑地。应,长六尺五寸,其中有椎。雅,状如漆而口,大二围,长五尺六寸,以羊韦鞔之,有两组,疏画。”杜子春读笛为荡涤之涤,今时所吹五空竹笛。玄谓如笛。三空。礻戒乐,《礻戒夏》之乐。牍、应、雅教其春者,谓以筑地。笙师教之,则三器在庭可知矣。宾醉而出,奏《礻戒夏》,以此三器筑地,为之行节,明不失礼。
○龠,昌垂反(fan)(fan)。竽,音于。牍,音独(du),或大(da)录(lu)反(fan)(fan)。空(kong),音孔(kong),下同(tong)。{髟米},香牛反(fan)(fan),或七利反(fan)(fan)。鞔,莫干反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]注“教教”至“失礼”
○释曰:此(ci)(ci)乐(le)器(qi)(qi)(qi)《瞽蒙(meng)》有(you)(you)(you),《视了(le)》无。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)知不(bu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)瞽蒙(meng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《小师(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)鼓鼗、、、埙(xun)(xun)、箫、管(guan)(guan)、弦、歌(ge)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)瞽蒙(meng)也(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)《小师(shi)(shi)》在(zai)(zai)《瞽蒙(meng)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,又瞽蒙(meng)所(suo)(suo)(suo)作与(yu)(yu)小师(shi)(shi)同(tong),故(gu)知小师(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)瞽蒙(meng)。笙师(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)文在(zai)(zai)《视了(le)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),不(bu)可隔《视了(le)》教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)瞽蒙(meng),其(qi)《视蒙(meng)》虽(sui)不(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)器(qi)(qi)(qi),明(ming)(ming)所(suo)(suo)(suo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)视了(le)也(ye)。先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“竽(yu)(yu)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)六簧,笙十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)簧”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《通卦验》“竽(yu)(yu)长(zhang)四尺二(er)(er)寸(cun)”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“竽(yu)(yu),管(guan)(guan)类(lei),用竹(zhu)(zhu)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),形参(can)差象鸟(niao)翼(yi)。鸟(niao),火禽(qin),火数(shu)七。冬至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时吹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。冬,水用事,水数(shu)六。六七四十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er),竽(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)盖取(qu)於此(ci)(ci)也(ye)。”笙十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)簧,《广雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“笙以(yi)(yi)(yi)匏为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)管(guan)(guan),宫管(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)左方。竽(yu)(yu)象笙,三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)六管(guan)(guan),宫管(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央。”《礼(li)图(tu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“竽(yu)(yu)长(zhang)四尺二(er)(er)寸(cun)”,此(ci)(ci)竽(yu)(yu)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)六簧,与(yu)(yu)《礼(li)图(tu)》同(tong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“篪(chi),七空(kong)(kong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《广雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“篪(chi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)竹(zhu)(zhu)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),长(zhang)尺四寸(cun),八孔(kong),一孔(kong)上出(chu)寸(cun)三(san)(san)分。”《礼(li)图(tu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“篪(chi),九空(kong)(kong)。”司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)七空(kong)(kong),盖写者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)误,当云(yun)(yun)(yun)八空(kong)(kong)也(ye)。或司农(nong)别(bie)有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)(suo)见。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“春牍以(yi)(yi)(yi)竹(zhu)(zhu)大(da)五六寸(cun),长(zhang)七尺,短者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一二(er)(er)尺,其(qi)端有(you)(you)(you)两(liang)空(kong)(kong),{髟(biao)米}画(hua),以(yi)(yi)(yi)两(liang)手筑地(di)。应(ying)长(zhang)六尺五寸(cun),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)椎。雅状如漆(qi)而(er)(er)口,大(da)二(er)(er)围(wei),长(zhang)五尺六寸(cun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)羊韦鞔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),有(you)(you)(you)两(liang)纽,疏画(hua)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)皆(jie)约(yue)汉法知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)言(yan)。郑注(zhu)《巾车》“{髟(biao)木},赤多黑少(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色”。疏画(hua)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),长(zhang)疏而(er)(er)画(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。子春读笛为荡(dang)(dang)涤(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)涤(di)(di)(di),读从《郊特(te)牲》“臭味未成,涤(di)(di)(di)荡(dang)(dang)其(qi)声”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)涤(di)(di)(di)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“今时所(suo)(suo)(suo)吹五空(kong)(kong)竹(zhu)(zhu)笛”,後郑从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。玄(xuan)谓“礻(shi)(shi)(shi)戒(jie)(jie)乐(le),《礻(shi)(shi)(shi)戒(jie)(jie)夏(xia)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)《锺师(shi)(shi)》有(you)(you)(you)《礻(shi)(shi)(shi)戒(jie)(jie)夏(xia)》,此(ci)(ci)礻(shi)(shi)(shi)戒(jie)(jie)乐(le)与(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong),故(gu)知此(ci)(ci)所(suo)(suo)(suo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)礻(shi)(shi)(shi)戒(jie)(jie)乐(le),是锺师(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)作《礻(shi)(shi)(shi)戒(jie)(jie)夏(xia)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“笙师(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则三(san)(san)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)庭可知矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)笙管(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)堂(tang)下(xia),近堂(tang),则三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦在(zai)(zai)堂(tang)下(xia),远堂(tang),在(zai)(zai)庭可知。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“宾醉而(er)(er)出(chu),奏《礻(shi)(shi)(shi)戒(jie)(jie)夏(xia)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)则《乡饮酒》及《乡射(she)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,宾出(chu)奏《陔(gai)》是也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)器(qi)(qi)(qi)筑地(di),为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行节,明(ming)(ming)不(bu)失(shi)礼(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),三(san)(san)器(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)舂,舂是向下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称,是其(qi)筑地(di),与(yu)(yu)《礻(shi)(shi)(shi)戒(jie)(jie)乐(le)》连文,明(ming)(ming)与(yu)(yu)《礻(shi)(shi)(shi)戒(jie)(jie)乐(le)》为节可知也(ye)。经(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)乐(le)器(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)解埙(xun)(xun)与(yu)(yu)箫管(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上文已释也(ye)。
凡祭祀、飨射,共其锺笙之(zhi)乐,(锺笙,与锺声相应之(zhi)笙。)
[疏]注“锺笙”至“之笙”
○释曰(yue):郑为此解者(zhe),以其(qi)笙师不掌锺而兼(jian)言锺,故知义(yi)然(ran)也。
燕乐亦如之
[疏]“燕乐亦如之”
○释(shi)曰:言亦(yi)如(ru)之者,谓作燕(yan)乐,亦(yi)如(ru)上共其锺笙(sheng)之乐也。
大(da)丧,其(qi)乐器(qi);及葬,奉(feng)而藏(zang)之(zhi)。(,兴也(ye),兴谓(wei)作之(zhi)。奉(feng)犹送。)
[疏]注“兴”至“犹送”
○释曰:此所兴作,即上竽笙(sheng)已(yi)下皆作之,送(song)之於圹(kuang)而藏之也。
大旅(lv),则陈(chen)(chen)之。(陈(chen)(chen)於馔处(chu)而已,不莅其(qi)县。)
[疏]注“陈於”至“其县”
○释曰:此经直(zhi)言(yan)陈(chen)之,明陈(chen)於(wu)馔处(chu)而已,不临(lin)其县。其临(lin)县者大(da)(da)司(si)乐,故《大(da)(da)司(si)乐》云“大(da)(da)丧,临(lin)乐器”,注云“临(lin)笙师(shi)师(shi)之属”是(shi)也(ye)。
师掌金奏(zou)(zou)之鼓。(谓主击(ji)晋(jin)鼓,以奏(zou)(zou)其(qi)锺也。然则击(ji)者亦视了。)
[疏]“师”至“之鼓”
○释曰:师不自击,使视了击之,但击金奏之鼓耳。
○注“谓主”至“视了”
○释曰:知(zhi)金(jin)(jin)奏之鼓谓主击(ji)晋(jin)(jin)鼓者,《鼓人职》云(yun)“以(yi)晋(jin)(jin)鼓鼓金(jin)(jin)奏”,故(gu)知(zhi)之也。金(jin)(jin)奏谓奏金(jin)(jin)。金(jin)(jin)即锺。锺以(yi)金(jin)(jin)为之,故(gu)言金(jin)(jin)。云(yun)“然(ran)则击(ji)者亦视(shi)了”者,按《视(shi)了》直云(yun):“乐(le)作击(ji)编(bian)钟(zhong)”,不言,与(yu)锺同类,大(da)小(xiao)异(yi)耳。既击(ji)锺,明(ming)亦击(ji),故(gu)云(yun)亦视(shi)了也。
凡祭祀,鼓其金奏之乐,飨食、宾射亦如之。军大献,则鼓其恺乐。凡军之夜三{鼓蚤},皆鼓之,守{鼓蚤}亦如之。(守{鼓蚤},备守鼓也。鼓之以{卉鼓}。杜子春云:“一夜三击,备守{鼓蚤}也。《春秋传》所谓宾将趋者,音声相似。”
○{卉鼓},扶云(yun)反。趋(qu),《左(zuo)传》作取,庄九反,杜注云(yun)行(xing)夜。)
[疏]“凡祭”至“如之”
○释曰:云“鼓其金奏之乐”者,金奏之乐者,即八音是也,亦以晋鼓鼓之。飨食,谓飨食来朝诸侯。宾射,亦谓与来朝诸侯射於朝。皆鼓其金奏之鼓也。军大献,谓献捷於祖,作恺歌,亦以晋鼓鼓之。云“凡军之夜三{鼓蚤},皆鼓之,守{鼓蚤}亦如之”者,亦鼓之也。
○注“守{鼓蚤}”至“相似”
○释曰:郑(zheng)知用{卉(hui)(hui)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)}者(zhe),《鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人职》云(yun)(yun):“{卉(hui)(hui)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)}鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)军事(shi)。”此并(bing)军事(shi),故知用{卉(hui)(hui)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)}也。子春(chun)(chun)云(yun)(yun)“一夜三击,备守(shou){鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)蚤}也”者(zhe),《鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人》注引(yin)《司马法》云(yun)(yun):“昏鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)四通(tong)为(wei)大{鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)蚤},夜半(ban)三通(tong)为(wei)晨(chen)戒,旦明五(wu)通(tong)为(wei)发(fa)句。”是一夜三击备守(shou){鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)蚤}也。《春(chun)(chun)秋传》者(zhe),昭(zhao)二十年,卫侯如死鸟,齐侯使公孙青聘(pin)卫,宾将取。注云(yun)(yun):“取谓行(xing)夜。”子春(chun)(chun)云(yun)(yun):“宾将趋(qu)”,读人音异。云(yun)(yun)“音声相(xiang)似”者(zhe),“趋(qu)”与(yu)“{鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)蚤}”,音声相(xiang)似,皆(jie)是夜戒守(shou)也。
大丧(sang),其乐器(qi),奉而藏之。
[疏]“大丧”至“藏之”
○释曰:此官所,谓作晋鼓{卉(hui)鼓}而已,以其当职(zhi)所击者也。
师掌教乐(le)。祭祀则帅其(qi)属而舞之(zhi)。(舞之(zhi)以东夷之(zhi)舞。)
[疏]注“舞之”至“之舞”
○释曰:知舞之以东(dong)夷之舞者,以其专主夷乐(le)(le),则(ze)“东(dong)夷之乐(le)(le)曰”是也。凡舞夷乐(le)(le),皆门外为之。
大飨亦如之。
旄(mao)人(ren)掌教舞散乐,舞夷(yi)(yi)乐。(散乐,野人(ren)为乐之(zhi)善者,若今黄门倡矣,自有舞。夷(yi)(yi)乐,四夷(yi)(yi)之(zhi)乐,亦皆有声歌及舞。)
[疏]“旄人”至“夷乐”
○释曰:云“掌教舞散乐,舞夷乐”者,旄人教夷乐而不掌,娄氏掌四夷之乐而不教,二职互相统耳。但旄人加以教散乐,娄氏不掌之也。
○注“散乐”至“及舞”
○释曰(yue)(yue):云“散乐(le),人为(wei)乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其不在官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)员(yuan)内(nei),谓之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)“散”,故以(yi)为(wei)野(ye)人为(wei)乐(le)善(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)也。云“若今黄门倡矣”者(zhe)(zhe),汉倡优之(zhi)(zhi)人,亦非官(guan)乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),故举以(yi)为(wei)说(shuo)也。云“夷乐(le),四夷之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)”者(zhe)(zhe),即《孝经纬》云“东夷之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)曰(yue)(yue),南夷之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)曰(yue)(yue)任,西夷之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)曰(yue)(yue)株离(li),北(bei)夷之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)曰(yue)(yue)禁(jin)”。知亦皆有(you)声歌及舞者(zhe)(zhe),此经有(you)舞,下《娄氏》云“掌四夷之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)为(wei)其声歌”是(shi)也。
凡四方(fang)之以舞仕者属焉。
[疏]“凡四”至“属焉”
○释(shi)曰(yue):云(yun)“凡四方之以(yi)舞(wu)(wu)仕者(zhe)属焉”者(zhe),此即野人能舞(wu)(wu)者(zhe),属旄人,选舞(wu)(wu)人当於中取之故也(ye)。
凡祭祀、宾客,舞其燕(yan)乐。
[疏]“凡祭”至“燕乐”
○释曰(yue):宾客(ke)亦(yi)谓飨燕(yan)时。“舞其燕(yan)乐(le)”,谓作燕(yan)乐(le)时,使四方舞士舞之以夷(yi)乐(le)。
师掌(zhang)教国(guo)子舞(wu)羽龠。(文(wen)舞(wu)有持羽吹(chui)者,所谓舞(wu)也。《文(wen)王(wang)世子》曰:“秋(qiu)冬学羽。”《诗》云:“左手执,右手秉(bing)翟。”)
[疏]注“文舞”至“秉翟”
○释(shi)曰:此师掌文(wen)(wen)舞(wu)(wu),故(gu)教(jiao)(jiao)羽(yu)(yu)。若(ruo)武舞(wu)(wu),则教(jiao)(jiao)干戚也(ye)。故(gu)云“文(wen)(wen)舞(wu)(wu)有持(chi)羽(yu)(yu)吹者”也(ye)。云“所(suo)谓(wei)舞(wu)(wu)也(ye)”者,所(suo)谓(wei)《诗·颂(song)》舞(wu)(wu)笙鼓,彼亦(yi)文(wen)(wen)舞(wu)(wu)也(ye)。《文(wen)(wen)王世子》曰:“秋冬学(xue)(xue)(xue)羽(yu)(yu)。”彼对“春(chun)夏学(xue)(xue)(xue)干戈”,阳时(shi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi),法(fa)阳动。秋冬学(xue)(xue)(xue)羽(yu)(yu),阴时(shi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi),法(fa)阴静(jing)。《诗》云“左手执(zhi),右手秉翟(zhai)”者,《邶风·简兮》之(zhi)(zhi)篇。引此二文(wen)(wen)者,证(zheng)皆文(wen)(wen)舞(wu)(wu)所(suo)执(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)器也(ye)。此官所(suo)教(jiao)(jiao),当乐(le)师教(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)舞(wu)(wu),互相足(zu)。故(gu)《文(wen)(wen)王世子》云“小(xiao)乐(le)正(zheng)(zheng)学(xue)(xue)(xue)干,大胥赞之(zhi)(zhi)。师学(xue)(xue)(xue)戈,师丞赞之(zhi)(zhi)”。注云:“四人皆乐(le)官之(zhi)(zhi)属也(ye),通职。秋冬亦(yi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)以羽(yu)(yu)。小(xiao)乐(le)正(zheng)(zheng),乐(le)师也(ye)。”
祭祀(si)则鼓(gu)羽之舞。(鼓(gu)之者,恒为之节。)
[疏]注“鼓之”至“之节”
○释(shi)曰:祭(ji)祀先作乐(le)下神,及合乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),则使(shi)国子舞鼓动以羽(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)舞,与乐(le)节相(xiang)应,使(shi)不相(xiang)夺伦,故郑云“鼓之(zhi)(zhi)者,恒为之(zhi)(zhi)节”。
宾客飨食(shi),则亦如之。
[疏]“宾客”至“如之”
○释曰:亦(yi)鼓之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)羽之(zhi)(zhi)舞(wu),与祭祀同。以(yi)其俱在庙,故(gu)乐亦(yi)同也。
大丧,其乐器,奉而藏之。
[疏]“大丧”至“藏之”
○释曰(yue):此所作,惟羽而已,不(bu)作馀器。
章掌土鼓豳。(杜子春云:“土鼓,以瓦为匡,以革为两面,可击也。”郑司农云:“豳,豳国之地竹,《豳诗》亦如之。”玄谓豳,豳人吹之声章,《明堂位》曰:“土鼓蒯桴苇,伊耆氏之乐。”
○豳,彼贫反,注“”同。蒯,苦对反,刘苦怀反。桴,音孚。耆(qi)(qi),又作帆,皆音耆(qi)(qi)。)
[疏]注“杜子”至“之乐”
○释曰:子春云(yun):“土(tu)(tu)(tu)鼓以瓦(wa)为(wei)匡,以革(ge)为(wei)两面,可击(ji)也。”後郑(zheng)(zheng)不从者(zhe)(zhe),土(tu)(tu)(tu)鼓因於中古神(shen)农之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器,黄帝(di)已前未有(you)瓦(wa)器,故不从也。先郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun):“豳(bin)(bin)(bin),豳(bin)(bin)(bin)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)竹,《豳(bin)(bin)(bin)诗(shi)(shi)》亦如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”後郑(zheng)(zheng)不从者(zhe)(zhe),按下文吹(chui)《豳(bin)(bin)(bin)诗(shi)(shi)》,吹(chui)《豳(bin)(bin)(bin)雅》、吹(chui)《豳(bin)(bin)(bin)颂(song)》,更不见豳(bin)(bin)(bin),则是中吹(chui)《豳(bin)(bin)(bin)诗(shi)(shi)》及(ji)《雅》、《颂(song)》,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豳(bin)(bin)(bin),何得有(you)豳(bin)(bin)(bin)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)竹乎?若用(yong)豳(bin)(bin)(bin)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)竹,当云(yun)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,故後郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)“豳(bin)(bin)(bin)人吹(chui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)章”。云(yun)“豳(bin)(bin)(bin)人吹(chui)”,其义难明,谓(wei)作豳(bin)(bin)(bin)人吹(chui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)章,《商祝(zhu)(zhu)》、《夏祝(zhu)(zhu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类。声(sheng)章,即下文《豳(bin)(bin)(bin)诗(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)是也。《明堂(tang)位》曰:“土(tu)(tu)(tu)鼓、蒯桴(fu)、苇,伊耆氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)”者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)注《礼运》云(yun):“土(tu)(tu)(tu)鼓,筑土(tu)(tu)(tu)为(wei)鼓也。蒯桴(fu),桴(fu)谓(wei)击(ji)鼓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物,以土(tu)(tu)(tu)块为(wei)桴(fu)。”引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),破子春土(tu)(tu)(tu)鼓用(yong)瓦(wa)。
中春昼击土鼓,龠《豳诗》以逆暑。(《豳诗》,《豳风·七月》也。吹之者,以为之声。《七月》言寒暑之事,迎气歌其类也。此《风》也,而言《诗》,《诗》总名也。迎暑以昼,求诸阳。
○中(zhong),音(yin)仲(zhong),下同(tong)。)
[疏]“中春”至“逆暑”
○释曰:中春,二月也。言迎暑者,谓中春昼夜等,已後渐暄,故预迎之耳。
○注“豳诗”至“诸阳”
○释曰:郑知(zhi)吹之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)为之(zhi)(zhi)声者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)发(fa)首云(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌土鼓豳(bin)”,故知(zhi)《诗(shi)(shi)》与(yu)《雅(ya)》、《颂》,皆用吹之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《七(qi)月(yue)》言(yan)寒(han)暑(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),《七(qi)月(yue)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“一之(zhi)(zhi)日发(fa),二之(zhi)(zhi)日栗烈”,七(qi)月(yue)流火之(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi),是(shi)寒(han)暑(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“迎气(qi)歌其类也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),解经吹《豳(bin)诗(shi)(shi)》逆(ni)暑(shu)(shu)(shu),及下(xia)迎寒(han),皆当(dang)歌此(ci)寒(han)暑(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)《风(feng)(feng)》也(ye),而言(yan)《诗(shi)(shi)》、《诗(shi)(shi)》总名(ming)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),对(dui)下(xia)有《雅(ya)》、有《颂》,即此(ci)是(shi)《风(feng)(feng)》而言(yan)《诗(shi)(shi)》,《诗(shi)(shi)》总名(ming),含《豳(bin)风(feng)(feng)》矣,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“诗(shi)(shi)”不言(yan)“风(feng)(feng)”也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“迎暑(shu)(shu)(shu)以(yi)昼,求(qiu)诸(zhu)阳”者(zhe)(zhe),对(dui)下(xia)迎寒(han)以(yi)夜,求(qiu)诸(zhu)阴(yin)也(ye)。
中秋(qiu)夜迎寒(han),亦如(ru)之。(迎寒(han)以夜,求诸阴(yin)。)
[疏]“中秋”至“如之”
○释(shi)曰(yue):言“亦如之(zhi)”,亦当击土(tu)鼓,龠(yue)《豳诗》也。
凡国祈年于田祖,龠《豳雅》,击土鼓,以乐田。(祈年,祈丰年也。田祖,始耕田者,谓神农也。《豳雅》,亦《七月》也。《七月》又有于耜举趾,饣盍彼南亩之事,是亦歌其类。谓之雅者,以其言男女之正。郑司农云:“田,古之先教田者。《尔雅》曰:‘,农夫也。’”
○乐,音(yin)洛。,音(yin)俊。饣盍,于辄反,刘(liu)于法反。)
[疏]“凡国”至“田”
○释曰:此祈年於田祖,并上迎暑迎寒,并不言有祀事,既告神当有祀事可知。但以告祭非常,故不言之耳。若有礼物,不过如《祭法》埋《少牢》之类耳。此田祖与田,所祈当同日,但位别礼殊,乐则同,故连言之也。
○注“祈年”至“夫也”
○释(shi)曰:“祈年(nian),祈丰(feng)年(nian)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),义(yi)取《小祝》求(qiu)丰(feng)年(nian),俱是(shi)求(qiu)甘雨(yu),使(shi)年(nian)丰(feng),故引彼解此也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“田(tian)祖,始(shi)耕田(tian)者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)神农(nong)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),此即《郊特牲》云(yun)“先(xian)啬(se)”,一(yi)也(ye)(ye),故《甫田(tian)》诗云(yun):“琴瑟(se)击鼓,以(yi)御田(tian)祖,以(yi)祈甘雨(yu),以(yi)介我稷黍。”毛云(yun):“田(tian)祖,先(xian)啬(se)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。”“《七(qi)月》又有于耜举趾(zhi),饣(shi)(shi)盍彼南亩之(zhi)(zhi)事,亦是(shi)歌其类”者(zhe)(zhe),按彼《七(qi)月》云(yun):“三之(zhi)(zhi)日于耜,四(si)之(zhi)(zhi)日举趾(zhi),同我妇(fu)子,饣(shi)(shi)盍彼南亩,田(tian)至喜。”并(bing)次在寒暑之(zhi)(zhi)下,彼为《风》,此为《雅(ya)》者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)《雅(ya)》者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其言(yan)男(nan)女之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)”者(zhe)(zhe),先(xian)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)业,以(yi)农(nong)为本,是(shi)男(nan)女之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng),故名(ming)雅(ya)也(ye)(ye)。司农(nong)云(yun)“田(tian),古之(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)教田(tian)”者(zhe)(zhe),此即《月令》命田(tian)舍(she)东郊,郑云(yun)“田(tian),谓(wei)田(tian)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。“《尔(er)雅(ya)》曰:,农(nong)夫(fu)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其教农(nong),故号农(nong)夫(fu)。
国祭蜡,则龠《豳颂》,击土鼓,以息老物。(故书“蜡”为“蚕”,杜子春云:“蚕当为蜡。《郊特牲》曰:‘天子大蜡八,伊耆氏始为蜡。岁十二月,而合聚万物而索飨之也。蜡之祭也,主先啬而祭司啬也。黄衣黄冠而祭,息田夫也。既蜡而收,民息已。’”玄谓十二月,建亥之月也。求万物而祭之者,万物助天成岁事,至此为其老而劳,乃祀而老息之,於是国亦养老焉,《月令》“孟冬,劳农以休息之”是也。《豳颂》,亦《七月》也。《七月》又有“获稻作酒,跻彼公堂,称彼兕觥,万寿无疆”之事,是亦歌其类也。谓之颂者,以其言岁终人功之成。
○索,色白反(fan)。为,于伪反(fan)。劳,户(hu)报反(fan)。获(huo),户(hu)郭反(fan)。跻,子(zi)兮反(fan)。疆,居良(liang)反(fan)。)
[疏]“国祭”至“老物”
○释曰:此为蜡直击土鼓,按《明堂位》云“土鼓、苇,伊耆氏之乐”,即此各有苇可知。言“以息老物”者,谓息田夫万物也。
○注“故书”至“之成”
○释曰:子春引(yin)《郊(jiao)特(te)牲》,後郑从之(zhi)(zhi),增成(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)义耳,故(gu)还(hai)引(yin)《郊(jiao)特(te)牲》而(er)解之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“求万物(wu)而(er)祭之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),即合聚万物(wu)而(er)索(suo)飨之(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“乃祀(si)而(er)老息(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),老即老物(wu),蜡(la)祭是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。息(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),即息(xi)田(tian)夫,腊祭宗庙是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“於(wu)是(shi)(shi)国亦养老焉(yan)”者(zhe),即所引(yin)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》“孟(meng)(meng)冬,劳农以(yi)(yi)休息(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“《豳颂》,亦《七月(yue)(yue)(yue)》也(ye)。《七月(yue)(yue)(yue)》又有(you)获稻作酒等至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)事,是(shi)(shi)亦歌其(qi)类也(ye)”者(zhe),其(qi)类,谓“获稻”已下(xia)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“谓之(zhi)(zhi)类者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)言(yan)岁终人功之(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)”者(zhe),凡言(yan)颂者(zhe),颂美成(cheng)(cheng)功之(zhi)(zhi)事,故(gu)於(wu)《七月(yue)(yue)(yue)》风诗之(zhi)(zhi)中亦有(you)《雅》、《颂》也(ye)。郑注《郊(jiao)特(te)牲》云(yun)(yun):“岁十(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue),周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)正数。”故(gu)此郑云(yun)(yun)“建亥”解之(zhi)(zhi)。知非(fei)夏(xia)十(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)建亥,万物(wu)成(cheng)(cheng),故(gu)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》祈来年,及腊先祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)等,皆(jie)在(zai)孟(meng)(meng)冬月(yue)(yue)(yue),是(shi)(shi)十(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)据周(zhou),於(wu)夏(xia)为建亥十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)。
娄氏掌四夷之乐与其声歌。(四夷之乐,东方曰《》,南方曰《任》,西方曰《株离》,北方曰《禁》。《诗》云“以《雅》以《南》”是也。王者必作四夷之乐,一天下也。言与其声歌,则云乐者主於舞。
○任,音壬,下(xia)同。)
[疏]注“四夷”至“於舞”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue):四(si)(si)夷(yi)(yi)乐(le)(le)(le)名,出於(wu)(wu)《孝经纬(wei)·钩命决》,故彼云(yun):“东夷(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《》,持(chi)(chi)矛助(zhu)时生。南(nan)夷(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《任(ren)》,持(chi)(chi)弓助(zhu)时养(yang)。西夷(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《侏离(li)(li)》,持(chi)(chi)钺助(zhu)时杀(sha)。北夷(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《禁(jin)》,持(chi)(chi)助(zhu)时藏。皆於(wu)(wu)四(si)(si)门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,有(you)(you)辟”是(shi)也(ye)。按《明(ming)堂位》亦(yi)有(you)(you)东夷(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《》,南(nan)夷(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《任(ren)》。又按《虞传》云(yun):“阳伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)舞(wu)《侏离(li)(li)》”,则东夷(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)亦(yi)名《侏离(li)(li)》者(zhe)(zhe),东夷(yi)(yi)乐(le)(le)(le)有(you)(you)二名,亦(yi)名《侏离(li)(li)》。郑注云(yun):“《侏离(li)(li)》,舞(wu)曲名。言(yan)象万(wan)物生株离(li)(li),若《诗》云(yun)‘彼黍离(li)(li)离(li)(li)’,是(shi)物生亦(yi)曰(yue)(yue)离(li)(li)。”云(yun)“王者(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)作(zuo)四(si)(si)夷(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le),一天下(xia)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《白虎通》云(yun)“王者(zhe)(zhe)制夷(yi)(yi)狄乐(le)(le)(le),不制夷(yi)(yi)狄礼”者(zhe)(zhe),所以(yi)拘中国。不制礼,恐(kong)夷(yi)(yi)人不能随中国礼故也(ye)。四(si)(si)夷(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)离(li)(li)谓舞(wu),使中国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人也(ye)。云(yun)“与(yu)其(qi)(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)歌(ge)(ge),则云(yun)乐(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)主於(wu)(wu)舞(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe),凡乐(le)(le)(le)止有(you)(you)声(sheng)(sheng)歌(ge)(ge)及舞(wu),既下(xia)别云(yun)声(sheng)(sheng)歌(ge)(ge),明(ming)上云(yun)乐(le)(le)(le)主於(wu)(wu)舞(wu)可知(zhi)也(ye)。按《月令(ling)·仲春(chun)》云(yun):“命乐(le)(le)(le)正(zheng)入(ru),学(xue)习(xi)乐(le)(le)(le)。”注云(yun):“歌(ge)(ge)与(yu)八音”,知(zhi)非(fei)舞(wu)。以(yi)其(qi)(qi)下(xia)《季春(chun)》云(yun)“大(da)合乐(le)(le)(le)”,明(ming)所合多,故知(zhi)非(fei)直舞(wu),而(er)有(you)(you)歌(ge)(ge)与(yu)八音也(ye)。
祭(ji)祀,则龠而歌之,燕亦如(ru)之。(吹(chui)之以管为(wei)之声。)
[疏]注“吹之”至“之声”
○释(shi)曰:知(zhi)“吹(chui)之以(yi)管为之声”者(zhe),以(yi)其歌者(zhe)在上,管在下,既言吹(chui)之用气,明据管为之声可知(zhi),是以(yi)笙师教吹(chui)管之等。
典庸器(qi)(qi)掌藏乐器(qi)(qi)、庸器(qi)(qi)。(庸器(qi)(qi),伐国所藏之(zhi)器(qi)(qi),若崇鼎(ding)、贯鼎(ding)及以其兵物所铸(zhu)铭也(ye)。)
[疏]注“庸器”至“铭也”
○释曰:庸,功(gong)(gong)也。言功(gong)(gong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe),伐国所(suo)(suo)获之(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)也。云“若崇鼎、贯(guan)鼎”者(zhe),《明堂(tang)位》文(wen)。云“及以其兵物所(suo)(suo)铸铭也”者(zhe),谓(wei)《左氏(shi)传》,季氏(shi)以所(suo)(suo)得齐之(zhi)兵,作林锺而铭鲁(lu)功(gong)(gong),是经中乐器(qi)(qi)(qi)也。彼既讥其非时征伐,又籍(ji)晋之(zhi)功(gong)(gong),引(yin)之(zhi)取一边(bian)证铸作铭功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)事耳(er)。
及祭祀,帅其属而设┺ね,陈庸器。(设笋ね,视了当以县乐器焉。陈功器,以华国也。杜子春云:“┺读为博选之选,横者为┺,从者为钅。”
○选,胥衮反。从,子容反。钅,音距,旧本作(zuo)此字,今或作(zuo)ね。)
[疏]注“设笋”至“为钅”
○释曰:郑知此“设┺ね,视(shi)了当(dang)以(yi)县(xian)乐器焉”者(zhe),按《视(shi)了职》云:“掌大师(shi)之县(xian)”,此直云设┺ね,明是视(shi)了县(xian)之可知。子(zi)春云:“┺读为博选(xuan)(xuan)之选(xuan)(xuan)”者(zhe),此当(dang)俗读,当(dang)时语(yu)者(zhe)有博选(xuan)(xuan)之言,故读从之也。
飨食、宾射亦如之。大(da)丧,┺ね。(,兴也,兴谓作之。)
[疏]注“兴”至“作之”
○释曰:按(an)《檀弓》有锺磬而无┺ね,郑注(zhu)云(yun)“不(bu)县之”。彼(bi)郑注(zhu)见此文有┺ね,明有而不(bu)县,以丧事略(lve)故也。
司干掌(zhang)舞器。(舞器,羽之(zhi)属。)
[疏]注“舞器羽之属”
○释曰:郑知(zhi)司干(gan)所(suo)掌舞(wu)器(qi)是羽,以(yi)其是武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)舞(wu)所(suo)执有异,则二者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)皆(jie)司干(gan)掌之(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)(yan)司干(gan)者(zhe)(zhe),周尚武(wu),故以(yi)干(gan)为职(zhi)首。其师教而不掌。若(ruo)然,干(gan)与(yu)戈(ge)(ge)(ge)相(xiang)配,不言(yan)(yan)戈(ge)(ge)(ge)者(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)文云(yun)(yun):“祭祀,授舞(wu)器(qi)”,则所(suo)授者(zhe)(zhe)授干(gan)与(yu)羽也。按《司戈(ge)(ge)(ge)盾》亦云(yun)(yun):“祭祀,授旅贲殳,故主戈(ge)(ge)(ge)盾,受舞(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)兵(bing)。”云(yun)(yun)舞(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)兵(bing),惟谓(wei)戈(ge)(ge)(ge),其干(gan)亦於此(ci)官受之(zhi)(zhi)。《司兵(bing)》云(yun)(yun)“祭祀授舞(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)兵(bing)”,郑注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“授以(yi)朱干(gan)玉(yu)戚。”谓(wei)受《大武(wu)》之(zhi)(zhi)舞(wu),与(yu)此(ci)受小(xiao)舞(wu)干(gan)戈(ge)(ge)(ge)别(bie)也。
祭祀(si),舞(wu)者既(ji)陈,则授(shou)舞(wu)器(qi),既(ji)舞(wu)则受(shou)之(zhi)。(既(ji),已也。受(shou)取藏之(zhi)。)宾飨亦如之(zhi)。大丧(sang),舞(wu)器(qi),及(ji)葬,奉而藏之(zhi)。
[疏]“大丧”至“藏之”
○释曰:此官云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)干盾及羽,及其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo),干盾而已(yi)(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)羽,师(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)职(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)丧,其(qi)(qi)(qi)乐(le)(le)(le)器(qi)(qi)。及葬,奉而藏(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)”。其(qi)(qi)(qi)视(shi)了(le)所(suo)(suo)者,谓鼓(gu)与磬(qing),《锺师(shi)(shi)(shi)》不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),则锺亦视(shi)了(le)之(zhi)(zhi)。如是,《瞽(gu)(gu)蒙(meng)》及《大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)》、《小师(shi)(shi)(shi)》皆不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)者,以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)无(wu)目。其(qi)(qi)(qi)《瞽(gu)(gu)蒙(meng)》所(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)、、埙(xun)、箫、管及琴瑟,皆当视(shi)了(le)之(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)奉而藏(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi),文不(bu)(bu)具(ju)。《笙师(shi)(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“竽笙”已(yi)(yi)下(xia),则笙师(shi)(shi)(shi)自之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)职(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)藏(zang)(zang)。《师(shi)(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“击晋(jin)(jin)鼓(gu)”,则晋(jin)(jin)鼓(gu)师(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)舞所(suo)(suo),入五兵(bing)(bing)中(zhong),故(gu)(gu)《司兵(bing)(bing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)丧五兵(bing)(bing)”。凡乐(le)(le)(le)器(qi)(qi),皆大(da)(da)司乐(le)(le)(le)临(lin)之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)职(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)丧临(lin)乐(le)(le)(le)器(qi)(qi)”。《典同》不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)者,以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)律吕与锺器(qi)(qi)等为制度,不(bu)(bu)掌(zhang)成器(qi)(qi),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)。《师(shi)(shi)(shi)》、《旄(mao)人》、《娄氏(shi)》等不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)者,死後无(wu)一天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)也(ye)。《典庸器(qi)(qi)》不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)者,以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)庸器(qi)(qi)非常,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)也(ye)。以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)乐(le)(le)(le)师(shi)(shi)(shi)非一,故(gu)(gu)诸官各不(bu)(bu)同
大卜掌《三兆》之法,一曰《玉兆》,二曰《瓦兆》,三曰《原兆》。(兆者,灼龟发於火,其形可占者。其象似玉瓦原之钅,是用名之焉。上古以来,作其法可用者有三,原,原田也。杜子春云:“《玉兆》,帝颛顼之兆。《瓦兆》,帝尧之兆。《原兆》,有周之兆。”
○兆(zhao),亦作兆(zhao)阝,音(yin)兆(zhao)。,许鄞反。沈依(yi)聂氏(shi)《音(yin)问》云(yun):“依(yi)字作璺(wen)。”璺(wen)玉之(zhi)圻也,龟(gui)兆(zhao)文似之(zhi),《占人》注同(tong)。)
[疏]“大卜”至“原兆”
○释曰:大卜所掌,先三兆,後三易,次三梦者,筮短龟长,梦以叶卜筮,故以先後为次。
○注“兆者”至“之兆”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)者,灼龟(gui)发於火(huo)(huo)”者,此(ci)依下文《氏》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡卜,以(yi)(yi)(yi)明火(huo)(huo)ㄡ,遂吹其(qi)(qi)(qi)契”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)火(huo)(huo)灼龟(gui),其(qi)(qi)(qi)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)发於火(huo)(huo)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)可占(zhan)(zhan)”者,则(ze)《占(zhan)(zhan)人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“君占(zhan)(zhan)体,大夫(fu)占(zhan)(zhan)色”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,彼不(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)占(zhan)(zhan)玉(yu)瓦(wa)原(yuan)(yuan),体色中含之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)可占(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“象似玉(yu)瓦(wa)原(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)璺钅”,谓破而(er)不(bu)相(xiang)离(li)也(ye)(ye)。谓似玉(yu)、瓦(wa)、原(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)破裂。或解以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)玉(yu)、瓦(wa)、原(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焉”者,谓用(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)似玉(yu)、瓦(wa)、原(yuan)(yuan),名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)《玉(yu)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)》、《瓦(wa)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)》、《原(yuan)(yuan)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)》也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“上古以(yi)(yi)(yi)来(lai),其(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)法可用(yong)者有(you)三”者,但(dan)卜筮是(shi)(shi)(shi)先圣王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)作(zuo),盖(gai)伏牺(xi)时(shi)已(yi)有(you),其(qi)(qi)(qi)时(shi)未有(you)此(ci)玉(yu)、瓦(wa)、原(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming),至(zhi)颛顼(xu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)来(lai),始(shi)有(you)此(ci)名(ming)(ming),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)然也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“原(yuan)(yuan),原(yuan)(yuan)田也(ye)(ye)”者,谓若(ruo)《左氏》僖二十八年(nian)传云(yun)(yun)(yun)“原(yuan)(yuan)田每每”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)原(yuan)(yuan)与(yu)原(yuan)(yuan)田字(zi)同,故(gu)为(wei)此(ci)传解也(ye)(ye)。子(zi)春(chun)(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《玉(yu)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)》帝(di)(di)颛顼(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),《瓦(wa)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)》帝(di)(di)尧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),《原(yuan)(yuan)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)》有(you)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)”者,赵商问此(ci),并问下文:“子(zi)春(chun)(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)《连山(shan)》宓(mi)戏(xi),《归(gui)藏》黄(huang)帝(di)(di)。今(jin)当(dang)从此(ci)说(shuo)(shuo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)?敢(gan)问杜子(zi)春(chun)(chun)何由知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”郑答云(yun)(yun)(yun):“此(ci)数(shu)者非无(wu)明文,改之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)据,故(gu)著子(zi)春(chun)(chun)说(shuo)(shuo)而(er)已(yi)。近师(shi)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)夏(xia)殷(yin)周。”郑既(ji)为(wei)此(ci)说(shuo)(shuo),故(gu)《易赞》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“夏(xia)曰《连山(shan)》,殷(yin)曰《归(gui)藏》。”又(you)注《礼运》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“其(qi)(qi)(qi)书仔者有(you)《归(gui)藏》。”如是(shi)(shi)(shi)《玉(yu)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)》为(wei)夏(xia),《瓦(wa)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)》为(wei)殷(yin)可知,是(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)从近师(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)也(ye)(ye)。按今(jin)《归(gui)藏》,《坤》开筮,帝(di)(di)尧降二女以(yi)(yi)(yi)舜(shun)妃,又(you)见《节卦(gua)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“殷(yin)王其(qi)(qi)(qi)国常母(mu)谷。”若(ruo)然,依子(zi)春(chun)(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo),《归(gui)藏》黄(huang)帝(di)(di),得有(you)帝(di)(di)尧及殷(yin)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事者,盖(gai)子(zi)春(chun)(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,《宓(mi)戏(xi)》,黄(huang)帝(di)(di)造(zao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming),夏(xia)殷(yin)因(yin)(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)《易》,故(gu)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)改之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)据,是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)皇甫谧(mi)《记》亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)“夏(xia)人因(yin)(yin)炎帝(di)(di)曰《连山(shan)》,殷(yin)人因(yin)(yin)黄(huang)帝(di)(di)曰《归(gui)藏》”。虽炎帝(di)(di)与(yu)子(zi)春(chun)(chun)黄(huang)帝(di)(di)不(bu)同,是(shi)(shi)(shi)亦相(xiang)因(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)。
其经兆之体,皆百有二十,其颂皆千有二百。(颂谓繇也。三法体繇之数同,其名占异耳。百二十每体十繇,体有五色,又重之以墨坼也。五色者,《洪范》所谓曰雨、曰济、曰[C163]、曰蟊、曰克。
○繇(zhou),直又反(fan)(fan),下(xia)同。重,直用反(fan)(fan)。圻,敕(chi)白反(fan)(fan)。济,节细反(fan)(fan),又才礼反(fan)(fan)。[C163],音(yin)亦(yi)。蟊,音(yin),刘莫(mo)沟反(fan)(fan),谋。)
[疏]“其经”至“二百”
○释曰:云“经兆”者,谓龟之正经。云“体”者,谓龟之金木水火土五兆之体。云“经兆之体”,名体为经也。云“皆百有二十”者,三代皆同,百有二十,若经卦皆八然也。若然,龟兆有五,而为百二十者,则兆别分为二十四分,云“其颂千有二百”者,每体十繇,故千二百也。
○注“颂谓”至“曰?”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“颂谓(wei)繇(zhou)(zhou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),繇(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说兆(zhao),若(ruo)《易》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《说卦》,故(gu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)兆(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书曰(yue)(yue)(yue)繇(zhou)(zhou)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“三法(fa)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)繇(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数同(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)三代兆(zhao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)异(yi)(yi)(yi),此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)皆(jie)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)十(shi),皆(jie)千有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)繇(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数同(tong)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其名(ming)(ming)(ming)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)异(yi)(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)玉瓦,原是名(ming)(ming)(ming)异(yi)(yi)(yi),其云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)异(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),三代占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)兆(zhao)无文,异(yi)(yi)(yi)否不(bu)可知。但(dan)三易名(ming)(ming)(ming)异(yi)(yi)(yi),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)亦异(yi)(yi)(yi),则(ze)三兆(zhao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)异(yi)(yi)(yi),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)亦异(yi)(yi)(yi)可知。故(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)名(ming)(ming)(ming)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)异(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi),每(mei)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)十(shi)繇(zhou)(zhou)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)欲解体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)十(shi)而繇(zhou)(zhou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)千二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi),每(mei)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)十(shi)繇(zhou)(zhou),则(ze)得(de)千有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)色(se)(se)(se),又(you)重(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)坼(che)(che)(che)(che)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)人(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“君占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),大(da)夫占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)色(se)(se)(se),史占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)墨(mo)(mo)(mo),卜人(ren)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)坼(che)(che)(che)(che)。”彼注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),兆(zhao)象(xiang)。色(se)(se)(se),兆(zhao)气(qi)。墨(mo)(mo)(mo),兆(zhao)广。坼(che)(che)(che)(che),兆(zhao)璺。”若(ruo)然,体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)色(se)(se)(se)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)坼(che)(che)(che)(che)各不(bu)同(tong),今郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)色(se)(se)(se),又(you)重(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)坼(che)(che)(che)(che),则(ze)四(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)相因而有(you)(you)(you)(you)也(ye)。何(he)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)?以(yi)其有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)行兆(zhao)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)色(se)(se)(se),既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)色(se)(se)(se),则(ze)因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)兆(zhao)广狭为墨(mo)(mo)(mo),又(you)因墨(mo)(mo)(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广狭,支分小(xiao)璺为坼(che)(che)(che)(che),是皆(jie)相因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)。今每(mei)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)十(shi)繇(zhou)(zhou),其体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)色(se)(se)(se),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)雨(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)济之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,其色(se)(se)(se)统(tong)得(de)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),每(mei)色(se)(se)(se)皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)坼(che)(che)(che)(che),则(ze)五(wu)(wu)色(se)(se)(se)中(zhong)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)坼(che)(che)(che)(che),含得(de)五(wu)(wu)色(se)(se)(se),不(bu)复别云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)五(wu)(wu)色(se)(se)(se)。似(si)若(ruo)八(ba)卦,卦别重(zhong)(zhong)得(de)七(qi),通本为八(ba)卦,总云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)八(ba)八(ba)六十(shi)四(si)卦,不(bu)复别云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)八(ba)卦,以(yi)其六十(shi)四(si)卦,合(he)有(you)(you)(you)(you)八(ba)卦故(gu)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《洪范》所谓(wei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)雨(yu)、曰(yue)(yue)(yue)济、曰(yue)(yue)(yue)[C163]、曰(yue)(yue)(yue)蟊(mao)(mao)(mao)、曰(yue)(yue)(yue)克(ke)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼郑(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“曰(yue)(yue)(yue)雨(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),兆(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)气(qi)如雨(yu)气(qi)然。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)济者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),兆(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光明如雨(yu)止。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)蟊(mao)(mao)(mao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),气(qi)不(bu)泽(ze)(ze),郁冥也(ye)。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)[C163]者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),色(se)(se)(se)泽(ze)(ze)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)克(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),气(qi)色(se)(se)(se)相犯(fan)入。”此(ci)郑(zheng)义(yi)。若(ruo)孔注(zhu),则(ze)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)似(si)雨(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),有(you)(you)(you)(you)似(si)雨(yu)止者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。蟊(mao)(mao)(mao),谓(wei)阴(yin)ウ,[C163],气(qi)落驿不(bu)连属。克(ke),兆(zhao)相交错(cuo)”,与郑(zheng)异(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。
掌《三易》之法,一曰《连山》,二曰《归藏》,三曰《周易》。(易者,揲蓍变易之数,可占者也。名曰连山,似山出内气变也。归藏者,万物莫不归而藏於其中。杜子春云:“《连山》,宓戏。《归藏》,黄帝。”
○揲,时设反,刘(liu)音舌。宓,音伏。戏(xi),本(ben)又(you)作亏,音羲。)
[疏]注“易者,”至“黄帝”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),揲(she)蓍(shi)(shi)变(bian)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)数可占者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)·系辞(ci)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“分而(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二以(yi)(yi)象两,挂一以(yi)(yi)象三(san)(san),揲(she)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)四(si)以(yi)(yi)象四(si)时,归奇(qi)於扌力以(yi)(yi)象闰。”此(ci)(ci)是(shi)揲(she)蓍(shi)(shi)变(bian)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)数,可占者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。就《易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》文(wen)卦画,七八(ba)爻称九(jiu)六(liu)(liu),用四(si)十九(jiu)蓍(shi)(shi)。三(san)(san)多(duo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)交钱,六(liu)(liu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)老阴(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)(san)少(shao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重钱,九(jiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)老阳也(ye)(ye)(ye)。两多(duo)一少(shao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)单钱,七为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)少(shao)阳也(ye)(ye)(ye)。两少(shao)一多(duo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)拆钱,八(ba)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)少(shao)阴(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夏(xia)殷(yin)《易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》以(yi)(yi)七八(ba)不变(bian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)占,《周易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》以(yi)(yi)九(jiu)六(liu)(liu)变(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)占,按襄九(jiu)年《左传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“穆(mu)姜薨於东(dong)宫,始往而(er)(er)(er)筮之(zhi),遇(yu)《艮》之(zhi)八(ba)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“爻在初六(liu)(liu),九(jiu)三(san)(san),六(liu)(liu)四(si),六(liu)(liu)五(wu),上(shang)九(jiu),惟六(liu)(liu)二不变(bian)。《连(lian)山(shan)(shan)》、《归藏(zang)》之(zhi)占,以(yi)(yi)不变(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)。”但《周易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》占九(jiu)六(liu)(liu),而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)遇(yu)《艮》之(zhi)八(ba),是(shi)据夏(xia)殷(yin)不变(bian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)占之(zhi)事(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“名曰《连(lian)山(shan)(shan)》,似山(shan)(shan)出(chu)内(nei)气也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)《连(lian)山(shan)(shan)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》,其(qi)卦以(yi)(yi)纯(chun)(chun)《艮》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou),《艮》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)上(shang)山(shan)(shan)下,是(shi)名《连(lian)山(shan)(shan)》。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气出(chu)内(nei)於山(shan)(shan),故(gu)名《易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《连(lian)山(shan)(shan)》。归藏(zang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),万(wan)物(wu)莫不归而(er)(er)(er)藏(zang)於其(qi)中者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)《归藏(zang)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》,以(yi)(yi)纯(chun)(chun)《坤(kun)(kun)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou),坤(kun)(kun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地,故(gu)万(wan)物(wu)莫不归而(er)(er)(er)藏(zang)於中,故(gu)名为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《归藏(zang)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑虽不解《周易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》,其(qi)名《周易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《连(lian)山(shan)(shan)》,《归藏(zang)》,皆不言地号(hao),以(yi)(yi)义名《易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》,则周非地号(hao)。以(yi)(yi)《周易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》以(yi)(yi)纯(chun)(chun)《乾(qian)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou),乾(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian),天(tian)能周匝於四(si)时,故(gu)名《易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“周”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。必以(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)取三(san)(san)正(zheng)三(san)(san)统(tong)(tong)之(zhi)义。故(gu)《律历志(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“黄(huang)锺(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)统(tong)(tong),黄(huang)锺(zhong)子为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)正(zheng)。林(lin)锺(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地统(tong)(tong),未之(zhi)冲丑,故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地正(zheng)。大簇为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人统(tong)(tong),寅(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人正(zheng)。”周以(yi)(yi)十一月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng),天(tian)统(tong)(tong),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)《乾(qian)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)首(shou)。殷(yin)以(yi)(yi)十二月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng),地统(tong)(tong),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)《坤(kun)(kun)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)。夏(xia)以(yi)(yi)十三(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng),人统(tong)(tong),人无(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卦首(shou)之(zhi)理,《艮》渐正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)《艮》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。杜子春(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《连(lian)山(shan)(shan)》宓戏(xi),《归藏(zang)》黄(huang)帝(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《郑志(zhi)》答赵商云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“非无(wu)明文(wen),改之(zhi)无(wu)据,且从子春(chun),近师皆以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)夏(xia)殷(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”
其经卦皆八,其别皆六十有四。(《三易》卦别之数亦同,其名占异也。每卦八,别者,重之数。
○重,直龙(long)反。)
[疏]“其经”至“有四”
○释曰:云“经卦皆八”者,谓以卦为经,即《周易》上经下经是也。皆八者,《连山》、《归藏》、《周易》皆以八卦《乾》、《坤》、《震》、《巽》、《坎》、《离》、《艮》、《兑》为本,其别六十四,郑云谓重之数,通本相乘,数之为六十四也。
○注“三易”至“之数”
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)“《三(san)易(yi)》卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)别(bie)(bie)(bie)之(zhi)(zhi)数亦同”者(zhe)(zhe),三(san)代《易(yi)》之(zhi)(zhi)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)皆八(ba)(ba)(ba),而别(bie)(bie)(bie)皆六(liu)十(shi)四,亦如上(shang)(shang)三(san)兆(zhao)体(ti)别(bie)(bie)(bie)之(zhi)(zhi)数,故云(yun)“亦同”。云(yun)“其名(ming)占(zhan)异也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),其名(ming),谓《连山》、《归藏(zang)》、《周(zhou)易(yi)》,是(shi)名(ming)异也(ye)(ye)。占(zhan)异者(zhe)(zhe),谓《连山》、《归藏(zang)》占(zhan)七八(ba)(ba)(ba),《周(zhou)易(yi)》占(zhan)九(jiu)六(liu),是(shi)占(zhan)异也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“每卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)八(ba)(ba)(ba)别(bie)(bie)(bie)者(zhe)(zhe),重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)数周(zhou)易(yi)者(zhe)(zhe),据《周(zhou)易(yi)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben),是(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi),则得(de)六(liu)十(shi)四。何者(zhe)(zhe)?伏(fu)牺(xi)本(ben)(ben)画(hua)八(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),直(zhi)有三(san)爻(yao),法天地人。後以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi),重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)法,先以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)三(san)爻(yao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下体(ti),上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)乾(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)三(san)爻(yao),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)纯《乾(qian)(qian)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下体(ti),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤(kun)(kun)之(zhi)(zhi)三(san)爻(yao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《泰(tai)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)震之(zhi)(zhi)三(san)爻(yao)於(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《大(da)(da)壮卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)巽(xun)於(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《小畜卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)坎卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)於(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《需(xu)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)离卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)於(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《大(da)(da)有卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)艮(gen)於(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《大(da)(da)畜卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben),加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)兑(dui)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)於(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。此(ci)是(shi)乾(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)一,重(zhong)得(de)七为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)(ba)。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤(kun)(kun)之(zhi)(zhi)三(san)爻(yao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)坤(kun)(kun),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)纯《坤(kun)(kun)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤(kun)(kun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)乾(qian)(qian),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《否(fou)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤(kun)(kun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)震,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《豫卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤(kun)(kun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)巽(xun),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《观卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤(kun)(kun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)坎,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《比卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤(kun)(kun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)离,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《晋(jin)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤(kun)(kun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)艮(gen),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《剥卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤(kun)(kun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)兑(dui),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《萃卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通本(ben)(ben)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)也(ye)(ye)。自震、巽(xun)、坎、离、艮(gen)、兑(dui),其法皆如此(ci),则为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)(ba)八(ba)(ba)(ba)六(liu)十(shi)四,故郑云(yun)别(bie)(bie)(bie)者(zhe)(zhe)重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)数。後郑专以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伏(fu)牺(xi)画(hua)八(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),神农重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)。诸家以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伏(fu)牺(xi)画(hua)八(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),还自重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)。
掌《三梦》之法,一曰《致梦》,二曰《<角奇>梦》,三曰《咸陟》。(梦者,人精神所寤可占者。致梦,言梦之所至,夏后氏作焉。咸,皆也。陟之言得也,读如“王德翟人”之德。言梦之皆得,周人作焉。杜子春云:“<角奇>读为奇伟之奇,其字当直为奇。”玄谓<角奇>读如诸戎掎之掎,掎亦得也。亦言梦之所得,殷人作焉。
○[B16X],音(yin)梦(meng)(meng),本多作梦(meng)(meng)。<角奇>,居绮反。注“掎”同,又(you)纪宜反,杜其(qi)宜反。陟,如字,或音(yin)得。)
[疏]注“梦者”至“作焉”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“梦(meng)者(zhe),人(ren)精(jing)神所(suo)寤可占”者(zhe),谓(wei)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)寐(mei),形魄不(bu)动,而精(jing)神寤见(jian)。觉而占之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)精(jing)神所(suo)寤可占者(zhe)也。云(yun)(yun)“致(zhi)梦(meng),言梦(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)至”者(zhe),驯“致(zhi)”为(wei)(wei)“至”,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)梦(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)至也。云(yun)(yun)“夏后氏作(zuo)焉”者(zhe),上文《三兆》、《三易》,有(you)子(zi)春所(suo)解,且(qie)从子(zi)春。至於馀文正解,即从近(jin)师(shi)所(suo)说。此《三梦(meng)》子(zi)春等不(bu)说,故(gu)即从近(jin)师(shi)为(wei)(wei)夏殷周也。云(yun)(yun)“读如(ru)王(wang)(wang)德(de)翟人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)德(de)”者(zhe),按(an)僖二十四(si)(si)年(nian)《左传》云(yun)(yun):“王(wang)(wang)德(de)翟人(ren),以其女为(wei)(wei)后。”德(de)亦为(wei)(wei)得(de)义(yi),故(gu)读从之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)杜子(zi)春读“<角奇(qi)>”为(wei)(wei)“奇(qi)伟(wei)”之(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi),读从《家语》。“玄谓(wei)<角奇(qi)>读如(ru)诸(zhu)戎掎(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)掎(ji)(ji),掎(ji)(ji)亦得(de)也”者(zhe),按(an)襄十四(si)(si)年(nian)《左传》云(yun)(yun):“戎子(zi)驹支(zhi)曰(yue):秦师(shi)不(bu)复,我诸(zhu)戎实(shi)然。譬如(ru)捕鹿,晋人(ren)角之(zhi)(zhi),诸(zhu)戎掎(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)。”是掎(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)得(de)也。
其经运十,其别九十。(运或为纟军,当为,是《视》所掌十也。王者於天,日也。夜有梦,则昼视日旁之气,以占其吉凶。凡所占者十,每九变。此术今亡。
○纟军,胡本反(fan),《字林(lin)》云:“大束(shu)也(ye)。”《说文(wen)》音(yin)运(yun),云“纬也(ye)”,聂音(yin)徽。,音(yin)运(yun)。,子(zi)鸠反(fan)。)
[疏]注“运或”至“今亡”
○释曰(yue):“运(yun)”或(huo)作“纟军”者,此(ci)经运(yun),一部《周礼》或(huo)作“纟军”字,并(bing)不从,故(gu)云当为(wei)“”,读从《视(shi)》“十(shi)(shi)(shi)”之,故(gu)引视(shi)所掌十(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)证也。云“王者於天(tian),日(ri)也。夜(ye)有梦(meng),则昼视(shi)日(ri)旁(pang)(pang)之气,以(yi)占其吉(ji)凶”者,此(ci)按《占梦(meng)》云:“以(yi)日(ri)月星辰,占六梦(meng)之吉(ji)凶。”注引赵简子夜(ye)梦(meng),日(ri)而日(ri)食,史(shi)墨占之。又《视(shi)》有十(shi)(shi)(shi)之法(fa),五曰(yue)ウ,先郑云“谓日(ri)月食”。馀九(jiu)皆日(ri)旁(pang)(pang)气,故(gu)以(yi)日(ri)旁(pang)(pang)气解之。云“凡(fan)所占者十(shi)(shi)(shi),每九(jiu)变”者,此(ci)类上《三兆》、《三易》,皆有颂(song)别(bie)之数,此(ci)经十(shi)(shi)(shi),其别(bie)有九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi),以(yi)义言之,明一九(jiu)变,故(gu)为(wei)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)解之。云“此(ci)术(shu)今亡(wang)”者,数见十(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)变,此(ci)术(shu)今亡(wang),未知其义耳。
以邦事作龟之八命,一曰征,二曰象,三曰与,四曰谋,五曰果,六曰至,七曰雨,八曰瘳。(国之大事待蓍龟而决者有八。定作其辞,於将卜以命龟也。郑司农云:“征谓征伐人也。象谓灾变云物,如众赤鸟之属有所象似。《易》曰天垂象见吉凶,《春秋传》曰天事恒象,皆是也。与谓予人物也,谋谓谋议也,果谓事成与不也,至谓至不也,雨谓雨不也,瘳谓疾瘳不也。”玄谓征亦云行,巡守也。象谓有所造立也,《易》曰“以制器者尚其象”。与谓所与共事也。果谓以勇决为之,若吴伐楚,楚司马子鱼卜战,令龟曰“鲋也以其属死之,楚师继之,尚大克之”吉,是也。
○瘳,敕留(liu)反(fan)。命龟,命亦作(zuo)令。,音(yin)灾。见,贤遍(bian)反(fan)。鲋,音(yin)附,《左传》作(zuo)鲂。)
[疏]“以邦”至“曰瘳”
○释曰:云“以邦事”者,谓国家有大事须卜,故特作龟而命之,其事有八。
○注“国之”至“是也”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)“国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)待蓍龟(gui)(gui)而(er)决(jue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)(you)八(ba)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)八(ba)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),除此(ci)八(ba)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)即(ji)小(xiao)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),入於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)九筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然,大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卜(bu),小(xiao)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),此(ci)既大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)兼(jian)言筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡(fan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)先(xian)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)後(hou)(hou)卜(bu),故兼(jian)言蓍也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“定作其(qi)(qi)(qi)辞(ci),於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)将卜(bu)以(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡(fan)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)辞(ci),大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫已上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辞(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er),士(shi)(shi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)辞(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辞(ci)一(yi)(yi)。知(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《士(shi)(shi)丧礼(li)(li)》,“命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘哀子(zi)某(mou)(mou)(mou),为(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)父某(mou)(mou)(mou)甫(fu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宅,度兹幽(you)宅兆基,无(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)後(hou)(hou)艰’。筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)许(xu)诺,不(bu)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”。注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“既命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)而(er)申之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。不(bu)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),士(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)略(lve)(lve)。凡(fan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),因会命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。”及(ji)卜(bu)葬日(ri)(ri)(ri),云(yun)(yun)(yun):“莅(li)卜(bu),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘哀子(zi)某(mou)(mou)(mou),来日(ri)(ri)(ri)某(mou)(mou)(mou),卜(bu)葬其(qi)(qi)(qi)父某(mou)(mou)(mou)甫(fu),考降(jiang)无(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)近悔(hui)。’许(xu)诺,不(bu)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),还即(ji)席,乃西(xi)面坐,命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“不(bu)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)士(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)略(lve)(lve)。凡(fan)卜(bu),述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)异(yi),龟(gui)(gui)重,威仪多也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),下(xia)无(wu)西(xi)面命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),明命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)共(gong)(gong)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)作一(yi)(yi)辞(ci),不(bu)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),则其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辞(ci)兼(jian)在其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong),故曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)因命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。卜(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),犹有(you)(you)(you)(you)西(xi)面命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui),则知(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)异(yi),故曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)异(yi),龟(gui)(gui)重威仪多。是士(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)辞(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辞(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫已上(shang)(shang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辞(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)辞(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《少牢(lao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“史(shi)执策受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主人(ren),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘孝(xiao)(xiao)孙某(mou)(mou)(mou),来日(ri)(ri)(ri)丁亥,用(yong)荐(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)皇(huang)祖伯某(mou)(mou)(mou),以(yi)(yi)某(mou)(mou)(mou)妃配某(mou)(mou)(mou)氏,尚(shang)飨。’史(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)诺。”又述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“假尔大(da)(da)(da)(da)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)常,孝(xiao)(xiao)子(zi)某(mou)(mou)(mou)”以(yi)(yi)下(xia),与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前同(tong)。以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)前辞(ci),以(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冠(guan)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)首。大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既得(de)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),即(ji)卜(bu)可(ke)得(de)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),是知(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伐人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“象(xiang)(xiang)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)灾变云(yun)(yun)(yun)物(wu),如众赤鸟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)象(xiang)(xiang)似”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)哀六年,楚(chu)(chu)子(zi)卒。是岁有(you)(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)如众赤鸟,夹日(ri)(ri)(ri)以(yi)(yi)飞三(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri),使问诸周大(da)(da)(da)(da)史(shi)。史(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“其(qi)(qi)(qi)当王身乎(hu)!若之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)移令尹、司马(ma)(ma)。”是赤鸟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《易(yi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘天垂(chui)象(xiang)(xiang)见吉(ji)凶’,《春秋传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘天事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)恒(heng)(heng)象(xiang)(xiang)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),昭十七年冬,“有(you)(you)(you)(you)星(xing)孛於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)辰,西(xi)及(ji)汉。申须(xu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘彗所(suo)以(yi)(yi)除旧布新也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)恒(heng)(heng)象(xiang)(xiang)’”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)所(suo)解,後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)予(yu)(yu)人(ren)物(wu)”,後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“谋(mou)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)谋(mou)议”,後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“果(guo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)”,後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“至谓(wei)(wei)(wei)至不(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),雨谓(wei)(wei)(wei)雨不(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),瘳(chou)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)疾瘳(chou)不(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,此(ci)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)从(cong)(cong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)行,巡守(shou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),增成(cheng)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义。知(zhi)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)兼(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)巡守(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《左氏传》郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)良霄云(yun)(yun)(yun):“先(xian)王卜(bu)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)五年,岁袭其(qi)(qi)(qi)祥。”是征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)为(wei)巡狩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《易(yi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘以(yi)(yi)制(zhi)器者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)尚(shang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《上(shang)(shang)系辞(ci)》文(wen)。注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)存(cun)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)器象(xiang)(xiang),可(ke)得(de)而(er)用(yong)。”一(yi)(yi)切器物(wu)及(ji)造(zao)立皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)所(suo)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)共(gong)(gong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”,不(bu)从(cong)(cong)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)予(yu)(yu)人(ren)物(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)物(wu)情义可(ke)知(zhi),不(bu)须(xu)卜(bu)。与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)共(gong)(gong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),得(de)失不(bu)可(ke)知(zhi),故须(xu)卜(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“果(guo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)勇(yong)决(jue)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),若吴(wu)(wu)伐楚(chu)(chu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),昭十七年,吴(wu)(wu)人(ren)伐楚(chu)(chu),阳(yang)モ为(wei)令尹,卜(bu)战(zhan),不(bu)吉(ji)。司马(ma)(ma)子(zi)鱼曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“我得(de)上(shang)(shang)流,何故不(bu)吉(ji)?且楚(chu)(chu)故,司马(ma)(ma)令龟(gui)(gui),我请改(gai)卜(bu)。”令曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“鲂也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)属死之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),楚(chu)(chu)师继之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),尚(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)克之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”吉(ji)。战(zhan)于长岸(an),子(zi)鱼先(xian)死,楚(chu)(chu)师继之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)艾吴(wu)(wu)师。是果(guo)决(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以八命者赞《三兆》、《三易》、《三梦》之占,以观国家之吉凶,以诏救政。(郑司农云:“以此八事,命卜筮蓍,龟参之以,梦故曰以八命者赞《三兆》、《三易》、《三梦》之占。《春秋传》曰:‘筮袭於梦,武王所用。’”玄谓赞,佐也。诏,告也。非徒占其事,吉则为,否则止,又佐明其繇之占,演其意,以视国家馀事之吉凶,凶则告王救其政。
○演,以(yi)善反。)
[疏]“以八”至“救政”
○释曰:云“以八命者赞《三兆》、《三易》、《三梦》之占”者,以上文八事命龟之辞。赞,佐也。佐明《三兆》、《三易》、《三梦》之占辞,将此辞演出其意,以观国家之吉凶。诏,告也。凶则告凶,救其政,使王改过自新。
○注“郑司”至“其政”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):先郑云“以(yi)(yi)此八事(shi),命(ming)卜筮(shi)蓍龟参(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)梦”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),先筮(shi)後卜,圣人有大(da)事(shi)必梦,故又(you)参(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)梦。云“故曰(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)八命(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)赞(zan)《三(san)(san)兆(zhao)》、《三(san)(san)易(yi)》、《三(san)(san)梦》之(zhi)(zhi)占(zhan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此先郑不释(shi)赞(zan)意,後郑增(zeng)成(cheng)(cheng)其义。云“《春秋(qiu)传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)‘筮(shi)袭(xi)於梦,武(wu)王(wang)所用(yong)(yong)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按昭七年(nian),《左(zuo)传(chuan)》云,卫灵(ling)公之(zhi)(zhi)立,成(cheng)(cheng)子(zi)以(yi)(yi)《周(zhou)易(yi)》筮(shi)之(zhi)(zhi),遇(yu)《屯》之(zhi)(zhi)《比》,以(yi)(yi)示史朝,史朝曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“元亨,又(you)何疑焉。”又(you)云:“筮(shi)袭(xi)於梦,武(wu)王(wang)所用(yong)(yong)也,弗从何为。”《外传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“《大(da)誓》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘朕(zhen)梦协朕(zhen)卜,袭(xi)於休祥,戎(rong)商必克。’”此《外》、《内传(chuan)》相(xiang)包乃具(ju),引之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证梦与(yu)卜筮(shi)相(xiang)参(can)(can)也。“玄谓(wei)非徒占(zhan)其事(shi),吉(ji)则(ze)为,否则(ze)止”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此解以(yi)(yi)八命(ming)命(ming)龟之(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)事(shi)也。云“又(you)佐明其繇之(zhi)(zhi)占(zhan),演其意,以(yi)(yi)视国家馀事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)凶”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)释(shi)八命(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)赞(zan)《三(san)(san)兆(zhao)》、《三(san)(san)易(yi)》、《三(san)(san)梦》之(zhi)(zhi)占(zhan),以(yi)(yi)观国家之(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)凶也。
凡国大贞,卜立君,卜大封,则氐高作龟。(卜立君,君无冢,卜可立者。卜大封,谓竟界侵削,卜以兵征之,若鲁昭元年秋,叔弓帅师疆郓田是也。视高,以龟骨高者可灼处示宗伯也。大事宗伯莅卜,卜用龟之腹骨,骨近足者其部高。郑司农云:“贞,问也。国有大疑,问於蓍龟。作龟,谓凿龟令可也。”玄谓贞之为问,问於正者,必先正之,乃从问焉。《易》曰:“师贞,丈人吉。”作龟,谓以火灼之,以作其兆也。春灼後左,夏灼前左,秋灼前右,冬灼後右。《士丧礼》曰:“宗人受卜人龟,示高莅卜,受视反之。”又曰:“卜人坐作龟。”
○氐,音(yin)示(shi),下同。,丁(ding)历反(fan)。竟,音(yin)境。疆(jiang),居良反(fan)。郓,音(yin)运(yun)。近,附近之近。令(ling),力呈反(fan)。,人悦反(fan)。)
[疏]“凡国”至“作龟”
○释曰:言“凡国大贞”者,言“凡”非一。贞,正也。凡国家有大事,正问於龟之事有二,则卜立君、卜大封是也。云“则氐高作龟”者,凡卜法,在祢庙庙门阈外西南,北面,有席。先陈龟於庙门外之西塾上。又有贞龟,贞龟,谓正龟於阈外席上。又有莅卜、命龟、氐高、作龟,六节。尊者宜逸,卑者宜劳,从下向上差之,作龟、氐高二者劳事。以大贞事大,故大卜身为劳事,则大宗伯临卜,其馀陈龟、贞龟皆小宗伯为之也。
○注“卜立”至“作龟”
○释曰(yue)(yue):郑云(yun)(yun)“君无冢,卜(bu)(bu)可(ke)立(li)(li)(li)(li)者”,若然,君无冢,则(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)卜(bu)(bu)法(fa)。按(an)昭(zhao)二十(shi)六年(nian),“王后无,则(ze)(ze)择(ze)立(li)(li)(li)(li)长(zhang)(zhang)。年(nian)钧(jun)以(yi)(yi)德(de)(de),德(de)(de)钧(jun)以(yi)(yi)卜(bu)(bu)。王不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立(li)(li)(li)(li)爱,公(gong)卿(qing)(qing)无私(si),古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。何休以(yi)(yi)为(wei):“《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,三(san)代异,建媵,别贵(gui)贱,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)侄(zhi)娣,以(yi)(yi)广亲疏,立(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)长(zhang)(zhang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)贤立(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi),以(yi)(yi)贵(gui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)长(zhang)(zhang),王后无明尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),义辞(ci)所(suo)卜(bu)(bu)筮。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)贤者,人(ren)状难别,嫌有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)私(si),故(gu)绝其(qi)怨望(wang),防(fang)其(qi)觊(ji)觎。今(jin)如(ru)(ru)《左(zuo)(zuo)氏》言,云(yun)(yun)‘年(nian)钧(jun)以(yi)(yi)德(de)(de),德(de)(de)钧(jun)以(yi)(yi)卜(bu)(bu)。’君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)贤,人(ren)必从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),岂复有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)卜(bu)(bu)?隐、桓(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸,皆由(you)是(shi)兴。乃曰(yue)(yue)古制(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)谬(miu)哉(zai)!又大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)世(shi),如(ru)(ru)并为(wei)公(gong)卿(qing)(qing)通计嗣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li),《左(zuo)(zuo)氏》为(wei)短。”玄箴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):“立(li)(li)(li)(li)固以(yi)(yi)长(zhang)(zhang)矣,无而(er)立(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi),固以(yi)(yi)贵(gui)矣。今(jin)言无则(ze)(ze)择(ze)立(li)(li)(li)(li)长(zhang)(zhang),谓贵(gui)均(jun)如(ru)(ru)立(li)(li)(li)(li)长(zhang)(zhang),王不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)立(li)(li)(li)(li)爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。年(nian)均(jun),则(ze)(ze)会群(qun)臣、群(qun)吏(li)、万民而(er)询(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)司以(yi)(yi)序进而(er)问(wen),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)众(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口,非(fei)君所(suo)能(neng)掩,是(shi)王不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)立(li)(li)(li)(li)爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。礼(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)询(xun)(xun)立(li)(li)(li)(li)君,示(shi)(shi)义在此,距(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言谬(miu),失《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》与《礼(li)(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义矣。公(gong)卿(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)者有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功德(de)(de),先王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)犯。如(ru)(ru)是(shi),宅中卜(bu)(bu)立(li)(li)(li)(li)君,亦(yi)是(shi)年(nian)均(jun)德(de)(de)均(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)“卜(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)封谓竟界侵削,卜(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)交征之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),若鲁(lu)昭(zhao)元年(nian)秋(qiu)(qiu),叔弓帅师(shi)疆(jiang)郓田是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,按(an)彼(bi)莒鲁(lu)争郓,故(gu)鲁(lu)叔弓往定其(qi)疆(jiang)界,以(yi)(yi)其(qi)出(chu)兵,故(gu)须(xu)卜(bu)(bu)知吉(ji)凶(xiong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“视高(gao)(gao),以(yi)(yi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)高(gao)(gao)者可(ke)灼(zhuo)(zhuo)处示(shi)(shi)宗伯(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,以(yi)(yi)郑言示(shi)(shi)宗伯(bo),则(ze)(ze)“示(shi)(shi)”字不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)为(wei)“视”,但古字通用,以(yi)(yi)目视物,以(yi)(yi)物示(shi)(shi)人(ren),同为(wei)视也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。知“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)宗伯(bo)临卜(bu)(bu)”者,按(an)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗伯(bo)》云(yun)(yun):‘祀大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)神,享(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鬼,祭大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)示(shi)(shi),帅执事(shi)而(er)卜(bu)(bu)日。’”官尊,故(gu)知莅卜(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)宗伯(bo),临则(ze)(ze)小事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)使宗伯(bo),故(gu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)“凡小事(shi)莅卜(bu)(bu)”,是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)临之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“卜(bu)(bu)用龟(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腹骨(gu)(gu)(gu),骨(gu)(gu)(gu)近足(zu)者其(qi)部高(gao)(gao)”者,言龟(gui)(gui)(gui)近四足(zu)其(qi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)腹,骨(gu)(gu)(gu)部然而(er)高(gao)(gao),高(gao)(gao)处灼(zhuo)(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先郑云(yun)(yun)“贞,问(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,谓正意问(wen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),非(fei)谓训贞为(wei)问(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“国有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)疑(yi),问(wen)於(wu)蓍龟(gui)(gui)(gui)”者,义取《尚书(shu)·洪范》云(yun)(yun)“女则(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)疑(yi),谋及乃心,谋及卜(bu)(bu)筮”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“作龟(gui)(gui)(gui),谓凿令(ling)可(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,按(an)下(xia)(xia)(xia)《氏》云(yun)(yun):“凡卜(bu)(bu),以(yi)(yi)明火ㄡ。”凿即灼(zhuo)(zhuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)令(ling)可(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。玄谓《易》曰(yue)(yue)“师(shi)贞,丈人(ren)吉(ji)”者,此《师(shi)卦(gua)》繇辞(ci)。丈人(ren)者,严(yan)庄(zhuang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)。则(ze)(ze)法(fa)须(xu)严(yan)庄(zhuang)则(ze)(ze)吉(ji)。云(yun)(yun)“作龟(gui)(gui)(gui),谓以(yi)(yi)火灼(zhuo)(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)作其(qi)兆(zhao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,作,谓发使拆(chai)。云(yun)(yun)“春(chun)灼(zhuo)(zhuo)後(hou)左(zuo)(zuo)”已下(xia)(xia)(xia),并取义於(wu)《礼(li)(li)记·中庸》,故(gu)彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)“国家将(jiang)兴亡,见(jian)於(wu)蓍龟(gui)(gui)(gui),动於(wu)四体(ti)”。郑注云(yun)(yun):“四体(ti),龟(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四足(zu)”,亦(yi)云(yun)(yun):“春(chun)占(zhan)後(hou)左(zuo)(zuo),夏占(zhan)前左(zuo)(zuo),秋(qiu)(qiu)占(zhan)前右,冬占(zhan)後(hou)右。”彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)占(zhan),此云(yun)(yun)灼(zhuo)(zhuo),即灼(zhuo)(zhuo)而(er)占(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),亦(yi)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)《士丧礼(li)(li)》者,彼(bi)谓卜(bu)(bu)葬日,引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),证有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)示(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)作龟(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)事(shi),宗族长(zhang)(zhang)尊,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)临卜(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
大(da)(da)祭祀,则氐高命(ming)龟(gui)。(命(ming)龟(gui),告龟(gui)以所卜之事。不(bu)亲作龟(gui)者,大(da)(da)祭祀轻於大(da)(da)贞也(ye)。《士丧礼》曰:“宗人即席西面坐(zuo),命(ming)龟(gui)。”)
[疏]“大祭”至“命龟”
○释曰:云(yun)“不亲作(zuo)(zuo)龟(gui)者(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)祭祀(si)轻(qing)於大(da)(da)(da)贞也”者(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)贞之内,有立君、大(da)(da)(da)封,大(da)(da)(da)卜作(zuo)(zuo)龟(gui)不命(ming)龟(gui)。此大(da)(da)(da)祭祀(si)不作(zuo)(zuo)龟(gui),进使命(ming)龟(gui),作(zuo)(zuo)龟(gui)作(zuo)(zuo)龟(gui)是劳(lao)事,故云(yun)大(da)(da)(da)祭祀(si)轻(qing)於大(da)(da)(da)贞也。引(yin)《士丧礼》“宗人即席西面坐,命(ming)龟(gui)”者(zhe)(zhe),证天(tian)子命(ming)龟(gui)处所与士礼同。
凡小事(shi),莅卜。(代宗伯。)
[疏]“凡小事?卜”
○释曰:凡(fan)(fan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),小(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)筮。若事(shi)小(xiao)(xiao),当入九筮,不合(he)入此(ci)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)》云(yun)小(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)者,此(ci)谓就大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)中差小(xiao)(xiao)者,非谓筮人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。小(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)既大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)莅卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),则(ze)其馀仍有陈(chen)(chen)龟(gui)(gui)已(yi)下,则(ze)陈(chen)(chen)龟(gui)(gui)、贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)、命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)、视(shi)(shi)高,皆(jie)(jie)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)。其作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui),则(ze)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)六命(ming)(ming)卿,小(xiao)(xiao)宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)四命(ming)(ming)中大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)(yi)四命(ming)(ming)下大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)。卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi)上(shang)(shang)士。卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)中士。其大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)莅卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)视(shi)(shi)高作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui),其中陈(chen)(chen)龟(gui)(gui)、贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)、命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui),皆(jie)(jie)小(xiao)(xiao)宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)。下文大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)迁、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)师(shi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。龟(gui)(gui)上(shang)(shang)有莅卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),亦(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi),陈(chen)(chen)龟(gui)(gui)亦(yi)(yi)宜小(xiao)(xiao)宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)。其命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)、视(shi)(shi)高,卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi)。作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui),卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。次(ci)下云(yun)“凡(fan)(fan)旅陈(chen)(chen)龟(gui)(gui)”,则(ze)莅卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仍是大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)。贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)、命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)、视(shi)(shi)高皆(jie)(jie)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi),亦(yi)(yi)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui)。次(ci)下云(yun)“凡(fan)(fan)丧(sang)事(shi)命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)”,命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)有陈(chen)(chen)龟(gui)(gui)、贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)龟(gui)(gui),亦(yi)(yi)《小(xiao)(xiao)宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)》,莅卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)还是大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo),视(shi)(shi)高、作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui),小(xiao)(xiao)师(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
国大迁、大师,则贞龟。(正龟於卜位也。《士丧礼》曰“卜人抱龟ㄡ,先奠龟西首”是也。又不亲命龟,亦大迁、大师轻於大祭祀也。
○ㄡ,哉约反。)
[疏]“国大”至“贞龟”
○释曰:正(zheng)龟(gui)於卜位,卜位,即(ji)阈外席上(shang)也(ye)。故(gu)引《士丧礼》为证也(ye)。云“又不亲命(ming)龟(gui),亦(yi)大(da)(da)(da)迁、大(da)(da)(da)师轻(qing)於大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)祀”者(zhe),以命(ming)龟(gui)在贞(zhen)龟(gui)後(hou)而为劳,故(gu)云轻(qing)於大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)祀也(ye)。
凡旅,陈龟。(陈龟於馔处也。《士丧礼》曰“卜人先奠龟於西塾上,南首”是也。不亲贞龟,亦以卜旅祭非常,轻於大迁大师也。
○塾,音孰,旧音育。)
[疏]“凡旅陈龟”
○释(shi)曰(yue):云(yun)“陈龟於(wu)(wu)馔(zhuan)处也”者,馔(zhuan)处,谓在西塾南首,故引(yin)《士丧礼》为证(zheng)也。云(yun)“亦(yi)以(yi)卜旅祭非常(chang),轻於(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)迁(qian)大(da)(da)师”者,按《大(da)(da)宗伯》:“国有故,旅上帝及(ji)四望。”则祀天亦(yi)是大(da)(da)祭祀,而轻於(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)迁(qian)、大(da)(da)师退在下(xia)者,郑以(yi)旅为非常(chang)祭故也。
凡丧事命龟(gui)。(重丧礼,次大祭祀也(ye)。士丧礼则筮宅(zhai)、卜(bu)曰,天子卜(bu)葬兆(zhao)。凡大事,大卜(bu)陈龟(gui)、贞龟(gui)、命龟(gui)、视高(gao),其他以差降焉。)
[疏]“凡丧事命龟”
○释曰(yue):云“重丧(sang)(sang)礼(li),次(ci)大(da)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),大(da)祭(ji)祀(si)(si),大(da)卜(bu)非直命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),兼视(shi)高。此丧(sang)(sang)事(shi)(shi)亦命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),与(yu)大(da)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)同(tong),但不兼视(shi)高,即轻於(wu)(wu)大(da)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)。但以(yi)丧(sang)(sang)事(shi)(shi)为终(zhong),故文退在(zai)“凡旅”下也(ye)(ye)。云“《士(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)(sang)礼(li)》则筮宅、卜(bu)日,天子卜(bu)葬(zang)兆”者(zhe),欲见此经天子法,卜(bu)葬(zang)日与(yu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong),其(qi)(qi)宅亦卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与(yu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)异。《孝经》云“卜(bu)其(qi)(qi)宅兆”,亦据大(da)夫以(yi)上(shang)(shang),若(ruo)士(shi)(shi)(shi)则筮宅也(ye)(ye)。云“凡大(da)事(shi)(shi),大(da)卜(bu)陈龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、贞(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、视(shi)高”者(zhe),据此,大(da)卜(bu)所掌,皆是大(da)事(shi)(shi),故大(da)卜(bu)或陈龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),或贞(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),或视(shi)高。虽不言作龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),於(wu)(wu)大(da)贞(zhen)亦作龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),不言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),在(zai)其(qi)(qi)他以(yi)差降之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。云“其(qi)(qi)他以(yi)差降”者(zhe),更有临(lin)卜(bu)已下至作龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)卑(bei)以(yi)次(ci)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是也(ye)(ye)。按上(shang)(shang)所解陈龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)在(zai)前,重於(wu)(wu)命(ming)(ming)梗而(er)《士(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)(sang)礼(li)》“卜(bu)人卑(bei)而(er)陈龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),宗人尊(zun)(zun)而(er)命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)在(zai)後(hou)”者(zhe),士(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官少,故所执不依(yi)官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)卑(bei)也(ye)(ye)。
卜师掌开龟之四兆,一曰方兆,二曰功兆,三曰义兆,四曰弓兆。(开,开出其占书也。经兆百二十体,今言四兆者,分之为四部,若《易》之二篇。《书·金》曰“开见书”,是谓与?其云方、功、义、弓之名,未闻。
○与,音馀。)
[疏]“卜师”至“弓兆”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“开(kai),开(kai)出其(qi)占(zhan)书(shu)(shu)也”者,郑意兆出於龟(gui),其(qi)体一百二十。今云(yun)(yun)用(yong)龟(gui)之(zhi)四兆,谓开(kai)出其(qi)占(zhan)兆之(zhi)书(shu)(shu),分为四部,若《易(yi)》之(zhi)二篇,故引《金(jin)》为证也。云(yun)(yun)“开(kai)见(jian)书(shu)(shu)”,谓启匮以,乃见(jian)其(qi)书(shu)(shu)。云(yun)(yun)“是谓与(yu)(yu)”者,但(dan)开(kai)出占(zhan)兆书(shu)(shu)为四兆,以意言,无(wu)正(zheng)文,故云(yun)(yun)是谓与(yu)(yu),以疑之(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“其(qi)云(yun)(yun)方功(gong)义弓之(zhi)名(ming),未闻(wen)”者,但(dan)名(ming)此四部为方功(gong)义弓,必(bi)有其(qi)义,但(dan)无(wu)文,以言疑事无(wu)质,故云(yun)(yun)未闻(wen)也。
凡卜事(shi),氐(di)高。(示莅(li)卜也(ye)。)
[疏]“凡卜事氐高”
○释曰:按(an)上《大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)》而言,则大(da)贞使大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)氐高(gao)。今云“凡卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)氐高(gao)”者,谓大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)不氐高(gao)者,皆卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)师氐高(gao),以龟高(gao)处(chu)示临卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)也。
扬(yang)(yang)火以作(zuo)龟,致其(qi)墨。(扬(yang)(yang)犹炽也。致其(qi)墨者,孰(shu)灼之,明其(qi)兆。)
[疏]“扬火”至“其墨”
○释曰:“致其(qi)墨(mo)(mo)者,孰灼(zhuo)之,明(ming)其(qi)兆”者,按(an)《占人》注:“墨(mo)(mo),兆广也。墨(mo)(mo)大(da)坼明(ming)则逢吉(ji)。”坼称(cheng)明(ming),墨(mo)(mo)称(cheng)大(da)。今郑(zheng)云(yun)“孰灼(zhuo)之明(ming)其(qi)兆”以(yi)解墨(mo)(mo)者,彼各偏(pian)据一边而(er)言,其(qi)实墨(mo)(mo)大(da)兼明(ming),乃(nai)可得(de)吉(ji),故以(yi)明(ming)解墨(mo)(mo)。
凡卜,辨龟之上下左右阴阳,以授命龟者而诏相之。(所卜者当各用其龟也。大祭祀、丧事,大卜命龟,则大贞小宗伯命龟,其他卜师命龟,卜人作龟。卜人作龟,则亦辨龟以授卜师。上,仰者也。下,俯者也。左,左倪也。右,右倪也。阴,後也。阳,前也。诏相,告以其辞及威仪。
○辨,如字,刘皮勉(mian)反。倪,五计(ji)反,又(you)五未反。,於捡反。)
[疏]“凡卜”至“相之”
○释曰:卜师辨此龟上下左右阴阳六种授命龟者,据《大卜》,命龟之无定,俱是命龟,即辨而授之。
○注“所卜”至“威仪”
○释曰:云(yun)“所卜(bu)(bu)(bu)者(zhe)当各用(yong)其龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)也”者(zhe),即上下(xia)左(zuo)右(you)阴阳者(zhe)是也。云(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)祭祀、丧事(shi)(shi)(shi)”已下(xia),皆据(ju)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)》而(er)(er)言。郑(zheng)知大(da)(da)(da)(da)贞(zhen)小(xiao)宗伯(bo)命(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)者(zhe),以其大(da)(da)(da)(da)贞(zhen),大(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫视高(gao),视高(gao)之(zhi)上有(you)命(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、贞(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、陈(chen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),小(xiao)宗伯(bo)中大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫,尊於大(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu),卑於大(da)(da)(da)(da)宗伯(bo),故(gu)知大(da)(da)(da)(da)贞(zhen)小(xiao)宗伯(bo)命(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)也。云(yun)“其他卜(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi)(shi)(shi)命(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)”者(zhe),其他,谓(wei)凡小(xiao)事(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu),临(lin)卜(bu)(bu)(bu),大(da)(da)(da)(da)迁、大(da)(da)(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)贞(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),凡旅陈(chen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui);如此之(zhi)辈,则卜(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi)(shi)(shi)命(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。卜(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi)(shi)(shi)命(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),则卜(bu)(bu)(bu)人作龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。卜(bu)(bu)(bu)人灼龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),则亦辨龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)以授(shou)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi)(shi)(shi)。按《序官》,卜(bu)(bu)(bu)人中士八人,於此不(bu)列其职者(zhe),以其与卜(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi)(shi)(shi)同职,不(bu)见之(zhi)也。云(yun)“上仰(yang)(yang)(yang)者(zhe)也”者(zhe),《尔雅》云(yun):“仰(yang)(yang)(yang)者(zhe)谢。”言此经“上”,即《尔雅》云(yun)“仰(yang)(yang)(yang)者(zhe)”也。此已下(xia)皆据(ju)《尔雅》及下(xia)文而(er)(er)言。按《尔雅》云(yun):“龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),俯(fu)者(zhe)灵,行(xing)(xing)(xing)头低。仰(yang)(yang)(yang)者(zhe)谢,行(xing)(xing)(xing)头仰(yang)(yang)(yang)。前诸果(guo),甲前长。後(hou)诸猎,甲後(hou)长。左(zuo)倪不(bu)类,行(xing)(xing)(xing)头左(zuo)Φ。右(you)倪不(bu)若(ruo),行(xing)(xing)(xing)头右(you)Φ。”故(gu)郑(zheng)据(ju)而(er)(er)言焉。云(yun)“诏相,告以其辞及威仪”者(zhe),辞,谓(wei)命(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)辞。威仪者(zhe),谓(wei)若(ruo)《士丧礼》卜(bu)(bu)(bu)日在庙(miao)门(men)外(wai),临(lin)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)在门(men)东,西(xi)面,龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)在阈(yu)外(wai)席(xi)上,西(xi)首,执事(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)门(men)西(xi),东面,行(xing)(xing)(xing)立皆是威仪之(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)也。
龟人掌六龟之属,各有名物。天龟曰灵属,地龟曰绎属,东龟曰果属,西龟曰雷属,南龟曰猎属,北龟曰若属。各以其方之色与其体辨之。(属,言非一也。色,谓天龟玄,地龟黄,东龟青,西龟白,南龟赤,北龟黑。龟俯者灵,仰者绎,前果,後猎,左倪雷,右倪若,是其体也。东龟南龟长前後,在阳,象经也;西龟北龟长左右,在阴,象纬也。天龟俯,地龟仰,东龟前,南龟,西龟左,北龟右,各从其耦也。杜子春读果为。
○绎,音亦。果,鲁火反,注同。雷(lei),力胃反,又如字。,起略反。)
[疏]“龟人”至“辨之”
○释曰:云“各有名物”,物,色也。六方之龟各有其名,其色各异也。
○注“属言”至“为羸”
○释曰(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)俯者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)灵(ling)(ling)”已下(xia),郑亦(yi)取《尔(er)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“俯者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)灵(ling)(ling)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)天龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)曰(yue)(yue)灵(ling)(ling)属,为(wei)一物。但(dan)天在(zai)(zai)上,法之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)向(xiang)下(xia)低也(ye)(ye)。《尔(er)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“仰者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)绎”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)地(di)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)曰(yue)(yue)绎,同称(cheng)(cheng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)一物。但(dan)地(di)在(zai)(zai)下(xia),法之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)向(xiang)上仰。《尔(er)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“前果(guo)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“东龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)曰(yue)(yue)果(guo)”同称(cheng)(cheng)果(guo),故(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)一物,但(dan)在(zai)(zai)阳方(fang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)甲(jia)向(xiang)前,长(zhang)(zhang)而(er)後(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“後(hou)(hou)猎(lie)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尔(er)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“後(hou)(hou)猎(lie)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“南(nan)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)曰(yue)(yue)猎(lie)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)一物,亦(yi)在(zai)(zai)阳方(fang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)甲(jia)後(hou)(hou)长(zhang)(zhang)而(er)後(hou)(hou)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“左(zuo)倪(ni)雷”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尔(er)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“左(zuo)倪(ni)不(bu)类(lei)”,不(bu)类(lei)即雷,一也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)其在(zai)(zai)阴(yin)方(fang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)能长(zhang)(zhang)前後(hou)(hou),而(er)头(tou)向(xiang)左(zuo)相(xiang)睥睨然。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“右(you)倪(ni)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尔(er)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“右(you)倪(ni)不(bu)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)”,不(bu)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)即若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)也(ye)(ye)。同称(cheng)(cheng)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo),故(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)一物,亦(yi)在(zai)(zai)阴(yin)方(fang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)亦(yi)不(bu)长(zhang)(zhang)前後(hou)(hou),而(er)头(tou)向(xiang)右(you)睥睨然。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是其体也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),体有二法,此(ci)(ci)(ci)经体据头(tou)甲(jia)而(er)言(yan),《占人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君(jun)占体”,体,谓兆象,与此(ci)(ci)(ci)异也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“东龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)南(nan)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang)前後(hou)(hou),在(zai)(zai)阳,象经也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据甲(jia)而(er)言(yan)。凡天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)间,南(nan)北为(wei)经,东西为(wei)纬(wei)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“西龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)北龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang)左(zuo)右(you),在(zai)(zai)阴(yin),象纬(wei)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据头(tou)为(wei)说。此(ci)(ci)(ci)解(jie)称(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)猎(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)意。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)俯,地(di)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)仰,东龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)前,南(nan)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),西龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)左(zuo),北龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)右(you),各从其耦”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)郑解(jie)两两相(xiang),对为(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)短(duan)低仰之(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)。杜子春读“果(guo)”为(wei)“羸(lei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)前甲(jia)长(zhang)(zhang),後(hou)(hou)甲(jia)短(duan),露(lu)出边,为(wei)羸(lei)露(lu),得为(wei)一义,故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)下(xia)。
凡取龟用秋时,攻龟用春时,各以其物入于龟室。(六龟各异室也。秋取龟,及万物成也。攻,治也。治龟骨以春,是时乾解不发伤也。
○解,音蟹,一音隹买反。)
[疏]注“六龟”至“伤也”
○释曰:云(yun)“各(ge)以(yi)其物(wu)入于(yu)龟(gui)(gui)室(shi)”,龟(gui)(gui)有六(liu)室(shi)。物(wu),色也(ye)。六(liu)龟(gui)(gui)各(ge)入於一室(shi)。以(yi)其蓍龟(gui)(gui)岁易,秋取春攻讫,即(ji)欲易去前(qian)龟(gui)(gui)也(ye)。
上春衅龟,祭祀先卜。(衅者,杀牲以血之,神之也。郑司农云:“祭祀先卜者,卜其日与其牲。”玄谓先卜,始用卜筮者,言祭言祀,尊焉天地之也。《世本·作》曰“巫咸作筮”。卜,未闻其人也。是上春者,夏正建寅之月,《月令·孟冬》云“衅祠龟策”,相互矣。秦以十月建亥为岁首,则《月令》秦世之书,亦或欲以岁首衅龟耳。
○衅(xin),许靳反。)
[疏]注“衅者”至“龟耳”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“衅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)者(zhe)(zhe)杀牲以(yi)血之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓若《礼记·杂记》云(yun)(yun)“庙成则衅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,庙用羊,门夹室用鸡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,皆(jie)是神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)血之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。先(xian)郑云(yun)(yun):“祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)先(xian)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)者(zhe)(zhe),卜(bu)(bu)(bu)其日(ri)与其牲。”後(hou)郑不(bu)从者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其此(ci)(ci)官不(bu)主(zhu)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)事,故(gu)不(bu)从也(ye)(ye)(ye),故(gu)解先(xian)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)始用卜(bu)(bu)(bu)筮(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)。云(yun)(yun)“言(yan)祭(ji)(ji)言(yan)祀(si),尊焉(yan)(yan)天地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《大宗伯》,天称祀(si),地(di)(di)称血祭(ji)(ji),是天地(di)(di)称祭(ji)(ji)祀(si);今此(ci)(ci)先(xian)卜(bu)(bu)(bu),是人,应曰(yue)享(xiang),而云(yun)(yun)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si),与天地(di)(di)同称,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)尊焉(yan)(yan)天地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“《世(shi)(shi)本·作(zuo)》曰(yue)‘巫(wu)咸作(zuo)筮(shi)’,卜(bu)(bu)(bu),未(wei)闻(wen)其人也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),《曲礼》云(yun)(yun)“卜(bu)(bu)(bu)筮(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),先(xian)圣王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)信(xin)时日(ri)”。其《易》所(suo)作(zuo),即伏牺为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。但未(wei)有探蓍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,至巫(wu)咸乃(nai)教(jiao)人为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)巫(wu)咸得作(zuo)筮(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)。未(wei)闻(wen)其源。《世(shi)(shi)本》又(you)不(bu)言(yan)其人,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)未(wei)闻(wen)其人也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“是上(shang)春者(zhe)(zhe),夏正建(jian)寅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue),《月(yue)(yue)令·孟(meng)冬(dong)(dong)》云(yun)(yun)‘衅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)祠龟(gui)(gui)策’,相互(hu)矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),然周(zhou)(zhou)与秦(qin)各二时衅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)龟(gui)(gui)策,《月(yue)(yue)令》孟(meng)冬(dong)(dong)衅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),则周(zhou)(zhou)孟(meng)冬(dong)(dong)亦衅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。周(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)建(jian)寅上(shang)春衅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),秦(qin)亦建(jian)寅上(shang)春衅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)相互(hu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“秦(qin)以(yi)十月(yue)(yue)建(jian)亥为(wei)岁(sui)(sui)首(shou)(shou),则《月(yue)(yue)令》秦(qin)世(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu),亦或欲以(yi)岁(sui)(sui)首(shou)(shou)衅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)龟(gui)(gui)耳”者(zhe)(zhe),若据(ju)此(ci)(ci)注(zhu),则周(zhou)(zhou)秦(qin)各一时衅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),此(ci)(ci)郑两(liang)解。按《月(yue)(yue)令》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》龟(gui)(gui)人上(shang)春衅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)龟(gui)(gui),谓建(jian)寅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)。秦(qin)以(yi)其岁(sui)(sui)首(shou)(shou)使大史(shi)衅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)龟(gui)(gui)策,与周(zhou)(zhou)异矣(yi)。”彼注(zhu)与此(ci)(ci)後(hou)注(zhu)义同也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
若(ruo)有祭祀,则奉(feng)龟以往。(奉(feng)犹送(song)也。送(song)之所当於卜(bu)。)
[疏]“若有”至“以往”
○释曰:此云祭事,不(bu)辨外内,则外内俱当卜,皆(jie)奉龟以往所当卜处(chu)。
旅亦(yi)如之(zhi),丧亦(yi)如之(zhi)。
[疏]“旅亦”至“如之”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):旅,谓祈祷(dao)天地及山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)。丧,谓卜(bu)事宅及日。皆亦(yi)奉龟(gui)(gui)(gui)往卜(bu)处(chu)也(ye)。按(an)《尔(er)雅》有十龟(gui)(gui)(gui),一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)神龟(gui)(gui)(gui),龟(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)最神明者。二曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)灵(ling)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),涪陵(ling)(ling)郡出大龟(gui)(gui)(gui),甲可(ke)以卜(bu),缘中文(wen)(wen)似玳瑁,俗呼为灵(ling)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),即今大觜龟(gui)(gui)(gui)也(ye),一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)灵(ling),能(neng)鸣也(ye)。三曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)摄龟(gui)(gui)(gui),小(xiao)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)也(ye),腹(fu)甲曲折(zhe),解(jie)能(neng)自张闭,好(hao)食蛇,江东呼为陵(ling)(ling)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)也(ye)。四曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)宝(bao)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),大宝(bao)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)也(ye)。五曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)文(wen)(wen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),甲有文(wen)(wen)采者也(ye),《河图》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“灵(ling)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)负书,丹甲青(qing)文(wen)(wen)。”六曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)蓍(shi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),常在蓍(shi)丛下也(ye)。七曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)山(shan)(shan)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),八曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)泽龟(gui)(gui)(gui),九曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)水龟(gui)(gui)(gui),十曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)火(huo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)。山(shan)(shan)泽水火(huo),皆说(shuo)生出之(zhi)处(chu)所也(ye)。火(huo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),犹火(huo)鼠(shu)也(ye)。
氏掌共ㄡ契,以待卜事。(杜子春云:“ㄡ读为细目ㄡ之ㄡ,或曰如薪樵之樵,谓所灼龟之木也,故谓之樵。契谓契龟之凿也。《诗》云‘爰始爰谋,爰契我龟’。”玄谓《士丧礼》曰:“楚享置于ㄡ,在龟东。”楚享,即契所用灼龟也。ㄡ谓炬,其存火。
○,本(ben)又作(zuo),同时髓(sui)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。ㄡ,哉约反(fan)(fan)(fan),李又俎(zu)尧反(fan)(fan)(fan),一(yi)(yi)音(yin)哉益反(fan)(fan)(fan)。契,苦(ku)计(ji)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。刘(liu),苦(ku)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。樵,在消反(fan)(fan)(fan)。享(xiang),吐敦(dun)反(fan)(fan)(fan),又徒敦(dun)反(fan)(fan)(fan),又在闷反(fan)(fan)(fan),又祖(zu)闷反(fan)(fan)(fan),一(yi)(yi)音(yin)纯,本(ben)一(yi)(yi)音(yin)祖(zu)馆反(fan)(fan)(fan)。炬,具吕反(fan)(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“氏”至“卜事”
○释曰(yue):子春读“ㄡ”、“樵(qiao)(qiao)”二者(zhe),皆作俗读为柴樵(qiao)(qiao)之(zhi)樵(qiao)(qiao),後郑不从,依音为雀,意取《庄(zhuang)子》爝火之(zhi)义(yi),荧(ying)荧(ying)然也。“玄谓(wei)(wei)《士丧礼(li)》曰(yue),楚(chu)(chu)享(xiang)置(zhi)于ㄡ,在龟(gui)(gui)东”者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)陈龟(gui)(gui)於(wu)西塾上,龟(gui)(gui)南首,ㄡ在龟(gui)(gui)东,置(zhi)楚(chu)(chu)享(xiang)于左,言楚(chu)(chu)享(xiang)者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)荆为楚(chu)(chu),用之(zhi)享(xiang)龟(gui)(gui)开(kai)兆,故云(yun)楚(chu)(chu)享(xiang)也。
凡卜,以明火ㄡ,遂龠其契,以授卜师,遂役之。(杜子春云:“明火,以阳燧取火於日。读为英俊之俊。书亦或为俊。”玄谓读如戈之,谓以契柱ㄡ火而吹之也。契既然,以授卜师,用作龟也。役之,使助之。
○,音(yin)俊(jun),又存(cun)闷反(fan)(fan)(fan),又祖闷反(fan)(fan)(fan),李祖馆反(fan)(fan)(fan)。,存(cun)闷反(fan)(fan)(fan),刘(liu)祖闷反(fan)(fan)(fan)。柱,张(zhang)注反(fan)(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“凡卜”至“役之”
○释曰:云“遂吹其契,以授卜师”者,谓若大卜视高已上,则卜师作龟,故以契授卜师。若差次使卜人作龟,则授卜人。言“遂役之”者,因事曰遂。以因授契讫,即授卜师所役使也。
○注“杜子”至“助之”
○释曰:子春云“明(ming)火(huo)(huo),以(yi)阳燧取(qu)火(huo)(huo)於日”者(zhe),此《秋官(guan)·司ピ氏职(zhi)》文。谓将此明(ming)火(huo)(huo)以(yi)烧樵使然也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“读为英俊之俊”者(zhe),意取(qu)荆樵之中英俊者(zhe)为楚享,用(yong)之灼龟也(ye)(ye)(ye)。後郑读“”为“戈”之者(zhe),读从(cong)《曲礼》云“进戈者(zhe)前(qian)其(qi)”,意取(qu)锐头以(yi)灼龟也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“谓以(yi)契(qi)(qi)(qi)柱(zhu)ㄡ火(huo)(huo)而吹之也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),解经“遂吹其(qi)契(qi)(qi)(qi)”,谓将此契(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)柱(zhu)於樵火(huo)(huo),吹之使炽也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
占人掌占龟,以八{备逯}占八颂,以八卦占{备逯}之八故,以氐吉凶。(占人亦占筮,言掌占龟者,筮短龟长,主於长者。以八筮占八颂,谓将卜八事,先以筮筮之。言颂者,同於龟占也。以八卦占筮之八故,谓八事不卜而徒筮之也。其非八事,则用九筮,占人亦占焉。
○{备逯},音筮。长,如字,下同。)
[疏]“占人”至“吉凶”
○释曰(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)人(ren)(ren)亦占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),言掌占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)短龟(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),主於(wu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),即此经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)颂(song)(song)(song)”,又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)故”,并是占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故首(shou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)掌占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),不(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)主於(wu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑知筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)短龟(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《左氏》僖(xi)四年传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):‘初,晋(jin)献公欲(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)骊姬(ji)为(wei)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren),卜(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)吉。筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吉。公从筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。卜(bu)(bu)人(ren)(ren)曰(yue)(yue):‘筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)短龟(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)从长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。’”是龟(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)短之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。龟(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)知一二(er)三四五天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生数,知本(ben)。《易(yi)(yi)》知七八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)九六(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成数,知未。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)僖(xi)十五年传,韩简(jian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“龟(gui)(gui)(gui),象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),数也(ye)(ye)(ye)。物生而(er)(er)(er)後(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)而(er)(er)(er)後(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)滋(zi),滋(zi)而(er)(er)(er)後(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)数。”故象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。如(ru)《易(yi)(yi)》,历三圣而(er)(er)(er)穷理(li)尽性,云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)短者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)《易(yi)(yi)》虽穷理(li)尽性,仍六(liu)经并列。龟(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繇(zhou)辞(ci),譬若谶纬,图书不(bu)(bu)(bu)见,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可测量,故为(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)短。马(ma)融(rong)曰(yue)(yue)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)史短,龟(gui)(gui)(gui)史长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非郑义也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)颂(song)(song)(song),谓将卜(bu)(bu)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)事(shi),先以(yi)(yi)(yi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡大(da)(da)事(shi)皆先筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)後(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)卜(bu)(bu),此八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),还(hai)是上(shang)文大(da)(da)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卦(gua),自用《易(yi)(yi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爻占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。龟(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆,用颂(song)(song)(song)辞(ci)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今言八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)颂(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“同於(wu)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)”也(ye)(ye)(ye),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)吉凶是同,故占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)亦名颂(song)(song)(song),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)同於(wu)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),龟(gui)(gui)(gui)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)则(ze)繇(zhou)辞(ci)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)故,谓八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)卜(bu)(bu)而(er)(er)(er)徒(tu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此出(chu)人(ren)(ren)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。此八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)事(shi)即《大(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)》大(da)(da)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)故,令先筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)後(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)卜(bu)(bu),今人(ren)(ren)君欲(yu)得徒(tu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)吉凶,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)则(ze)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)假更卜(bu)(bu),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)故。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“非八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)事(shi),则(ze)用九筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)人(ren)(ren)亦占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)九筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),即下《筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)九筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。知占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)人(ren)(ren)亦占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)焉者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)人(ren)(ren)於(wu)此占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),明下九筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)可知也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡卜(bu){备逯(lu)},君占体(ti)(ti),大(da)夫占色(se),史占墨,卜(bu)人占坼。(体(ti)(ti),兆(zhao)象也。色(se),兆(zhao)气也。墨,兆(zhao)广也。圻(qi),兆(zhao)也。体(ti)(ti)有(you)吉(ji)凶,色(se)有(you)善(shan)恶,墨有(you)大(da)小,坼有(you)微明(ming)(ming)。尊(zun)者视兆(zhao)象而已,卑者以(yi)次详其(qi)(qi)馀也。周公卜(bu)武王(wang)(wang),占之曰“体(ti)(ti),王(wang)(wang)其(qi)(qi)无害”。凡卜(bu)象吉(ji),色(se)善(shan),墨大(da),坼明(ming)(ming),则(ze)逢吉(ji)。)
[疏]“凡卜”至“占坼”
○释曰:此君(jun)(jun)体(ti)已下(xia)(xia),皆(jie)据(ju)卜而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan),而(er)兼(jian)云(yun)筮(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡卜皆(jie)先筮(shi),故连言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“体(ti),兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓金木水火土(tu)(tu)五(wu)种之(zhi)(zhi)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)体(ti)言(yan)(yan)(yan)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)墨(mo)纵(zong)横,其形体(ti)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)以金木水火土(tu)(tu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡卜欲(yu)作龟(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)时,灼(zhuo)龟(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)足(zu),依(yi)四(si)(si)时而(er)灼(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)。其兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)直(zhi)上向(xiang)(xiang)背者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)木兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),直(zhi)下(xia)(xia)向(xiang)(xiang)足(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)水兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),邪向(xiang)(xiang)背者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)火兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),邪向(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)金兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),横者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),是(shi)(shi)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“色(se)(se),兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)气也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),就兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)中视其色(se)(se)气,似有(you)雨及(ji)雨止之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),是(shi)(shi)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)色(se)(se)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“墨(mo),兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)广也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)衅处为(wei)(wei)(wei)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)广。“坼(che)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)衅”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),就正(zheng)墨(mo)旁(pang)有(you)奇衅钅者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)衅也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“体(ti)有(you)吉(ji)(ji)凶,色(se)(se)有(you)善(shan)恶,墨(mo)有(you)大(da)(da)小(xiao),坼(che)有(you)微(wei)明”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)郑後云(yun)“象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)吉(ji)(ji),色(se)(se)善(shan),墨(mo)大(da)(da),坼(che)明,则逢吉(ji)(ji)”。若然,则此四(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),各举一边而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan),则善(shan)与大(da)(da)及(ji)明皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)吉(ji)(ji),恶小(xiao)及(ji)微(wei)皆(jie)凶也(ye)(ye)(ye)。引周(zhou)公(gong)卜武王(wang)(wang),是(shi)(shi)《尚(shang)书·金》。彼为(wei)(wei)(wei)武王(wang)(wang)有(you)疾,不愈,恐死,周(zhou)公(gong)欲(yu)代武王(wang)(wang)死,为(wei)(wei)(wei)三坛,因(yin)告大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)季、文王(wang)(wang)以请天,未知天之(zhi)(zhi)许不,故坛所即卜,云(yun):“三龟(gui)一习吉(ji)(ji),启见(jian)书,乃并(bing)是(shi)(shi)吉(ji)(ji),周(zhou)公(gong)曰:‘体(ti),王(wang)(wang)其无害。’”引之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证君(jun)(jun)占体(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡卜{备逯}既事,则系币以比其命,岁终,则计其占之中否。(杜子春云:“系币者,以帛书其占,系之於龟也。”云谓既卜筮,史必书其命龟之事及兆於策,系其礼神之币,而合藏焉。《书》曰:“王与大夫尽弁,开金之书,乃得周公所自以为功,代武王之说。”是命龟书。
○,音系。比,毗志(zhi)反,一音必履反。中,丁仲反。)
[疏]“凡卜”至“中否”
○释曰:“既事”者,卜筮事讫。卜筮皆有礼神之币及命龟筮之辞。书其辞及兆於简策之上,并系其币,合藏府库之中。至岁终,总计占之中否,而句考之。
○注“杜子”至“龟书”
○释曰:子春(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“系币(bi)者,以帛书(shu)其占,系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於龟(gui)(gui)也”者,後(hou)郑不(bu)(bu)从。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“书(shu)其命龟(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)及兆於策(ce)”者,云(yun)(yun)(yun)既卜筮(shi)(shi),即筮(shi)(shi)亦有命筮(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞及卦,不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)者,举龟(gui)(gui)重者,而略筮(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)可知。或(huo)有筮(shi)(shi)短(duan)龟(gui)(gui)长,直据龟(gui)(gui)而言(yan)(yan),其筮(shi)(shi)则否。“《书(shu)》曰”已(yi)下,亦《金》文。案彼武王崩後(hou),周(zhou)(zhou)公将摄(she)政,遭管蔡流言(yan)(yan),成王未寤,遭雷风(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变(bian),王与大夫尽弁。弁,谓爵(jue)弁,应天变(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服。以启金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu),乃得周(zhou)(zhou)公所自以为(wei)功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也,事(shi),谓请命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“代武王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说,是命龟(gui)(gui)书(shu)”也。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),证比其命藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也。
{备逯}人掌《三易》,以辨九{备逯}之名,一曰《连山》,二曰《归藏》,三曰《周易》。九{备逯}之名,一曰巫更,二曰巫咸,三曰巫式,四曰巫目,五曰巫易,六曰巫比,七曰巫祠,八曰巫参,九曰巫环,以辨吉凶。(此九巫读皆当为筮,字之误也。更,谓筮迁都邑也。咸犹佥也,谓筮众心欢不也。式,谓筮制作法式也。目,谓事众筮其要所当也。易,谓民众不说,筮所改易也。比,谓筮与民和比也。祠,谓筮牲与日也。参,谓筮御与右也。环,谓筮可致师不也。
○巫,音筮。比,毗志(zhi)反(fan),注同(tong)。佥,七(qi)廉反(fan)。说,音悦(yue),下同(tong)。)
[疏]“{备逯}人”至“吉凶”
○释曰:此{备逯}人掌《三易》者,若卜用三龟,此筮人用《三易》,故云掌《三易》也。
○注“此九”至“不也”
○释(shi)曰(yue):郑(zheng)(zheng)破巫为筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)掌筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)主巫事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)从筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“更谓(wei)(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)迁(qian)都邑也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)迁(qian)都,谓(wei)(wei)公卿(qing)大夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都邑。郑(zheng)(zheng)答赵商,若武王迁(qian)洛,盘庚迁(qian)殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,则卜(bu),故(gu)大卜(bu)有(you)卜(bu)大迁(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)“咸(xian)犹佥(qian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),谓(wei)(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)众心欢不(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)国有(you)营建(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),恐众心不(bu)(bu)齐,故(gu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“式谓(wei)(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)作(zuo)法式也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),式是法式,故(gu)知制(zhi)作(zuo)法式也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“目谓(wei)(wei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)众筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)要(yao)所(suo)(suo)当也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),是要(yao)目之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)《论(lun)语》颜(yan)回云(yun)(yun)“请(qing)(qing)问(wen)其(qi)目”。郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“欲知其(qi)要(yao)”。颜(yan)回意,以礼有(you)三(san)百三(san)千(qian),卒难周备,故(gu)请(qing)(qing)问(wen)其(qi)目。此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)众,故(gu)亦筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)要(yao)目所(suo)(suo)当者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“易(yi)谓(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)众不(bu)(bu)说(shuo)(shuo),筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)改(gai)易(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),改(gai)易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),上既(ji)有(you)更为迁(qian)都邑,故(gu)以此(ci)(ci)易(yi)为民(min)(min)众不(bu)(bu)和说(shuo)(shuo),须筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)改(gai)易(yi)政教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)“比(bi)谓(wei)(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)和也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),比(bi)是相亲比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)《比(bi)卦(gua)》云(yun)(yun)“建(jian)万国,亲诸(zhu)侯”。故(gu)知比(bi)为筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)和比(bi)。云(yun)(yun)“祠(ci)谓(wei)(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)牲(sheng)与(yu)(yu)(yu)日也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《大卜(bu)》“大祭祀(si)而(er)卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。今此(ci)(ci)祀(si)不(bu)(bu)卜(bu)而(er)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),彼大祀(si)用(yong)卜(bu),此(ci)(ci)谓(wei)(wei)小(xiao)祭祀(si),故(gu)用(yong)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“参(can)谓(wei)(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)御与(yu)(yu)(yu)右也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),云(yun)(yun)参(can)谓(wei)(wei)参(can)乘(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)知是御及车右。勇力与(yu)(yu)(yu)君为参(can),乘(cheng)故(gu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“环谓(wei)(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可致(zhi)(zhi)师不(bu)(bu)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)环与(yu)(yu)(yu)环人(ren)(ren)字(zi)同。彼《环人(ren)(ren)》注“致(zhi)(zhi)师”,引(yin)宣公十(shi)二年,楚许伯御乐伯,摄叔为右,以致(zhi)(zhi)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),明此(ci)(ci)经筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)环,亦是主致(zhi)(zhi)师以卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。赵商问(wen):“僖十(shi)五年,秦晋(jin)(jin)(jin)相战(zhan),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)卜(bu)右,庆郑(zheng)(zheng)吉(ji)。襄二十(shi)四年,晋(jin)(jin)(jin)致(zhi)(zhi)楚师,求观於郑(zheng)(zheng),郑(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)卜(bu)宛射犬,吉(ji)。皆用(yong)卜(bu)。今此(ci)(ci)用(yong)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)何?”郑(zheng)(zheng)答:“天(tian)子具(ju)官(guan)(guan)有(you)常人(ren)(ren),非一人(ren)(ren),致(zhi)(zhi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可使者(zhe)(zhe),诸(zhu)侯患(huan)官(guan)(guan)无常人(ren)(ren),故(gu)临(lin)时卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”且此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),是国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),先筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)後(hou)卜(bu),《曲礼》注引(yin)《春秋(qiu)》,献(xian)公卜(bu)娶骊姬(ji),不(bu)(bu)吉(ji)。公曰(yue):“筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”请(qing)(qing)明所(suo)(suo)据。又《尚书》,龟从。
凡国之(zhi)(zhi)大事(shi),先(xian){备逯(lu)}而後卜。(当(dang)用卜者,先(xian)筮之(zhi)(zhi),即(ji)事(shi)有渐也(ye)。於筮之(zhi)(zhi)凶(xiong),则(ze)止不卜。)
[疏]注“当用”至“不卜”
○释(shi)曰:此大(da)事(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)(ji)大(da)卜(bu)(bu)之(zhi)八命(ming)及大(da)贞大(da)祭祀之(zhi)事(shi)。大(da)卜(bu)(bu)所(suo)掌(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)是(shi)大(da)事(shi),皆(jie)先(xian)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)而後卜(bu)(bu)。故郑云(yun)“当用卜(bu)(bu)者(zhe)(zhe),先(xian)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)即(ji)(ji)事(shi)渐(jian)也”者(zhe)(zhe),筮(shi)(shi)(shi)轻龟重,贱者(zhe)(zhe)先(xian)即(ji)(ji)事(shi),故卜(bu)(bu)即(ji)(ji)事(shi)渐(jian)也。云(yun)“於(wu)(wu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)凶则(ze)止”者(zhe)(zhe),《曲礼(li)》云(yun)“卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)不相袭(xi)”。若(ruo)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)不吉而又(you)卜(bu)(bu),是(shi)卜(bu)(bu)袭(xi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi),故於(wu)(wu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)凶,则(ze)止不卜(bu)(bu)。按(an)《洪范》云(yun)“龟从筮(shi)(shi)(shi)逆”,又(you)云(yun)“龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)共违於(wu)(wu)人”。彼(bi)有先(xian)卜(bu)(bu)後筮(shi)(shi)(shi),筮(shi)(shi)(shi)不吉又(you)卜(bu)(bu),与(yu)此经违者(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)是(shi)箕(ji)子所(suo)陈用殷法,殷质(zhi),故与(yu)此不同(tong)。
上春,相{备逯}。(相谓更选择其蓍也,蓍龟岁易者与?
○相,息亮反,注同。与(yu),音馀。)
[疏]注“相谓”至“者与”
○释曰(yue):上春,谓(wei)(wei)建寅之(zhi)月,岁(sui)之(zhi)始,除(chu)旧布新,故(gu)更选(xuan)择其蓍(shi),易(yi)(yi)(yi)去其旧者(zhe)。据此则(ze)蓍(shi)岁(sui)易(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。兼云龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)者(zhe),《龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)人》云“攻龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)用春时(shi)(shi)”,明亦(yi)以新易(yi)(yi)(yi)故(gu),故(gu)知龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)亦(yi)岁(sui)易(yi)(yi)(yi)。此龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)岁(sui)易(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)《龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)人》天(tian)地四时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),若(ruo)大宝龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)等(deng)非(fei)常用之(zhi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),不岁(sui)易(yi)(yi)(yi)。
凡国事,共{备逯}。