●卷四
◎天(tian)官冢宰第(di)一
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○陆德明《音(yin)义》曰:“本或作(zuo)‘冢(zhong)宰上’,非(fei),馀卷放此。”)
[疏]“天官冢宰”。郑《目录》云:“象天所立之官。冢,大也。宰者,官也。天者统理万物,天子立冢宰使掌邦治,亦所以总御众官,使不失职。不言司者,大宰总御众官,不主一官之事也。”
○释曰:郑云“象天”者,周天有三百六十馀度,天官亦总摄三百六十官,故云“象天”也。云“官”者,亦是管摄为号,故题曰“天官”也。郑又云“冢,大。宰,官也”者,下注对大宰则云“冢者,大之上”,此不对大宰,故云“冢,大也”。“宰”者,调和膳羞之名,此冢宰亦能调和众官,故号大宰之官。郑又云“不言司者,大宰总御众官,不主一官之事”者,此官不言司,对司徒、司马、司寇、司空皆云司,以其各主一官,不兼群职,故言司。此天官则兼摄群职,故不言司也。若然,则春官亦不言司者,以其祭祀鬼神,鬼神非人所主,故亦不言司也。其地官,郑云“象地所立之官”。彼言“象地”,实主地事;此天官言“天”,直取总摄为言,全无天事。天事并入於春官者,言象天自取总摄为名,象地自取掌物为号,各取一边为义理,无嫌也。
○“第(di)(di)一(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),“第(di)(di)”,次也,“一(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),数(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)始也。次第(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)中处(chu)一(yi),故(gu)云第(di)(di)一(yi)也。郑(zheng)氏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),汉大(da)司(si)农,北(bei)海(hai)郡郑(zheng)玄(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)孙,名玄(xuan),字康成。“注”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),於(wu)经(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)下自注己(ji)意,使(shi)经(jing)义可(ke)申(shen),故(gu)云“注”也。孔君(jun)、王(wang)肃之(zhi)(zhi)等则言(yan)“传”,“传”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),使(shi)可(ke)传述。若(ruo)然,或云“注”、或言(yan)“传”不(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),立意有异,无义例也。
惟王建国,(建,立也。周公居摄而作六典之职,谓之《周礼》。营邑於土中。七年,致政成王,以此礼授之,使居雒邑,治天下。《司徒职》曰:“日至之景,尺有五寸,谓之地中,天地之所合也,四时之所交也,风雨之所会也,阴阳之所和也,然则百物阜安,乃建王国焉。”
○王如字,干宝云:“王,天(tian)子之(zhi)号,三代(dai)所称。”雒,音(yin)洛(luo)(luo),水名也,本(ben)作洛(luo)(luo),後汉都洛(luo)(luo)之(zhi)阳(yang),改为雒。景,京领反,下(xia)皆(jie)同。)
[疏]“惟王建国”
○释曰:自此以下至“以为民极”五句,六官之首同此序者,以其建国设官为民不异故也。王者临统无边,故首称“惟王”,明事皆统之於王。王既位矣,当择吉土以建国为先,故次言“建国”。於中辩四方、正宫庙之位,复体国经野,自近及远也。於是设官分职,助理天工,众人取中以为治体,列文先後次第应然。其实建国之初,岂未设官分职也?直以作序之意,主在设官分职,为民极耳,故终言之。“惟王建国”者,言“惟”,谓若《尚书》云“惟三月”之类,皆辞,不为义。建,立也。惟受命之王乃可立国城於地之中。必居地中者,案《尚书·康诰》云:“惟三月哉生魄,周公初基,作新大邑于东国洛。”郑注云:“岐、镐之域,处五岳之外,周公为其於政不均,故东行於洛邑,合诸侯,谋作天子之居。”据郑此言,则文、武所居,为非地中,政教不均,故居地中也。案:桓二年《左氏传》云“昔武王克商,迁九鼎於洛邑”,则居洛本是武王之意。至成王、周公时,恐天下为疑,更与诸侯谋定之也。若然,五帝以降,尧治平阳,舜治安邑,唯汤居亳得地中以外,皆不得地中,而政令均、天下治者,其时虽不得地中,并在五岳之内,又以民淳易治,故不要在地中。以周则不在五岳之内,故郑云“岐、镐处五岳之外”也。
○注“建立”至“国焉”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)居(ju)摄而作六(liu)典(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》”者(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《礼(li)(li)(li)记(ji)·明(ming)堂(tang)位》云(yun)(yun)(yun):周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)摄政(zheng)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)作乐,颁度量於(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)。又(you)(you)案(an)《书(shu)传》亦云(yun)(yun)(yun):“六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)作乐”,所(suo)(suo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),则此《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》也(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“而作六(liu)典(dian)”者(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)文大宰(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),掌建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)邦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)典(dian):天(tian)(tian)(tian)官(guan)(guan),治典(dian);地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan),教典(dian);春(chun)(chun)官(guan)(guan),礼(li)(li)(li)典(dian);夏(xia)(xia)(xia)官(guan)(guan),政(zheng)典(dian);秋官(guan)(guan),刑典(dian);冬(dong)官(guan)(guan),事典(dian)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)典(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“营(ying)邑(yi)於(wu)(wu)土中”者(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)《召诰》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)来(lai)绍上帝(di),自服於(wu)(wu)土中”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)致政(zheng)成王(wang)”者(zhe)(zhe),《明(ming)堂(tang)位》文。必七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)者(zhe)(zhe),《洛(luo)诰》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“诞保(bao)文、武受(shou)命,惟七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)以(yi)(yi)文、武受(shou)命七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而崩(beng),周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)不敢过其(qi)(qi)数也(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)此礼(li)(li)(li)授(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)(shi)居(ju)雒邑(yi),治天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe),此郑(zheng)(zheng)解周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),必兼言建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)於(wu)(wu)洛(luo)邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。案(an):《尚书(shu)·洛(luo)诰》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)曰:孺(ru)子来(lai)相(xiang)宅,乱为(wei)四(si)方新辟”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)居(ju)洛(luo)邑(yi)也(ye)(ye)。下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“惠笃叙,无有(you)(you)遘自疾”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)授(shou)以(yi)(yi)此礼(li)(li)(li),使(shi)(shi)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)案(an)《书(shu)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)救乱,二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)伐殷,三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)践奄,四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)侯(hou)卫,五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)营(ying)成周(zhou)(zhou),六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)作乐,七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)致政(zheng)成王(wang)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)用(yong)此文,则四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)康叔於(wu)(wu)卫为(wei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)侯(hou)卫。案(an)《康诰》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)初基,作新大邑(yi)洛(luo)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)初为(wei)基之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)。至(zhi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),内营(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)《书(shu)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)营(ying)成周(zhou)(zhou)”。成周(zhou)(zhou)与王(wang)城同时(shi)营(ying),则五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)营(ying)洛(luo)邑(yi),与孔(kong)安(an)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)营(ying)洛(luo)邑(yi)、封(feng)康叔、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)作乐同是(shi)(shi)(shi)摄政(zheng)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)异。又(you)(you)引《司徒职(zhi)》曰:“日(ri)至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景尺有(you)(you)五(wu)寸,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)中。”彼(bi)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“土圭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长,尺有(you)(you)五(wu)寸,以(yi)(yi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),立八尺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表,其(qi)(qi)景与土圭等,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)中。今颍川(chuan)阳(yang)城地(di)(di)为(wei)然(ran)。”“天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)合(he)”者(zhe)(zhe),则《礼(li)(li)(li)记(ji)·郊特牲(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)合(he)万(wan)物(wu)生(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)配(pei)合(he)万(wan)物(wu)以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。四(si)时(shi)交者(zhe)(zhe),则《尚书(shu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“宅南(nan)交孔(kong)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)与春(chun)(chun)交举一隅(yu)若(ruo)然(ran)则秋与夏(xia)(xia)(xia)交冬(dong)与春(chun)(chun)交可(ke)知也(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“风雨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)会”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)《礼(li)(li)(li)记(ji)·礼(li)(li)(li)器》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“风雨时(shi)”,即(ji)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)风雨会时(shi)也(ye)(ye)。“阴(yin)阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)和”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)昭四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)申丰云(yun)(yun)(yun)“冬(dong)无愆阳(yang),夏(xia)(xia)(xia)无伏阴(yin)”,二气和顺(shun)也(ye)(ye)。“然(ran)则百(bai)物(wu)阜(fu)安(an)”者(zhe)(zhe),阜(fu),盛(sheng)也(ye)(ye)。然(ran)犹如是(shi)(shi)(shi),如是(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)中得所(suo)(suo),故百(bai)物(wu)盛(sheng)安(an)也(ye)(ye)。“乃建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)王(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”者(zhe)(zhe),於(wu)(wu)百(bai)物(wu)盛(sheng)安(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu),乃立王(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。王(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)则洛(luo)邑(yi)王(wang)城是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)引此者(zhe)(zhe),破贾、马(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)诸侯(hou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。此六(liu)官(guan)(guan)同序,皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,岂王(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)未立,先(xian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)诸侯(hou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)乎?明(ming)不可(ke)也(ye)(ye)。
辨方正位,(辨,别也。郑司农云:“别四方,正君臣之位,君南面、臣北面之属。”玄谓《考工》:“匠人建国,水地以县,置{木}以县,视以景。为规识日出之景与日入之景。昼参诸日中之景,夜考之极星,以正朝夕”,是别四方。《召诰》曰:“越三日戊申,太保朝至于雒,卜宅,厥既得卜,则经营。越三日庚戌,太保乃以庶殷攻位於雒。越五日甲寅,位成。”正位谓此定宫庙。
○辨,本亦(yi)作(zuo)辩(bian),徐邈、刘昌宗皆方免反(fan)。一音(yin)平勉反(fan)。别,彼列反(fan),下(xia)同。县,音(yin)玄,下(xia)同。{木},鱼列反(fan),下(xia)同。召诰(gao),上上诏反(fan),下(xia)古(gu)报反(fan)。大,音(yin)泰(tai)。,人锐反(fan)。)
[疏]“辨方正位”
○释曰:谓建国之时辨别也,先须视日景以别东、西、南、北四方,使有分别也。“正位”者,谓四方既有分别,又於中正宫室、朝廷之位,使得正也。
○注“辨别”至“宫庙”
○释(shi)曰:辨(bian),别也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)直训不(bu)(bu)释(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“别四(si)方”义(yi)当矣,故(gu)(gu)康(kang)成(cheng)训之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)众(zhong),字仲(zhong)师。但《周(zhou)礼(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)康(kang)成(cheng)所存注(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)(you)三(san)(san)家:司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,又有(you)(you)杜(du)子春(chun),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)大夫者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)少赣。二郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)皆康(kang)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)(xian),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)官不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)名(ming)字。杜(du)子春(chun)非己宗,故(gu)(gu)指(zhi)其名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),君(jun)(jun)(jun)南面(mian)、臣(chen)(chen)北(bei)面(mian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案:《易(yi)纬·乾凿度》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“不(bu)(bu)易(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天在(zai)上,地在(zai)下(xia)(xia),君(jun)(jun)(jun)南面(mian),臣(chen)(chen)北(bei)面(mian),父坐子伏。”司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)据而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)焉。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大略一(yi)(yi)部之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)若(ruo)在(zai)司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)诸(zhu)(zhu)家上注(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)玄(xuan)注(zhu)(zhu)可(ke)知(zhi),悉不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)玄(xuan)谓(wei)。在(zai)诸(zhu)(zhu)家下(xia)(xia)注(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)称玄(xuan)谓(wei),以(yi)(yi)别诸(zhu)(zhu)家。又在(zai)诸(zhu)(zhu)家前注(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)(zhu)家不(bu)(bu)释(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又在(zai)诸(zhu)(zhu)家下(xia)(xia)注(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),或增(zeng)成(cheng)诸(zhu)(zhu)家义(yi),则(ze)此(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“别四(si)方”,於文不(bu)(bu)足,引(yin)《考工(gong)记(ji)》以(yi)(yi)证(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或有(you)(you)破(po)诸(zhu)(zhu)家者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)此(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)位(wei)谓(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)面(mian)位(wei),引(yin)《召诰(gao)》为宫(gong)室(shi)朝廷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《考工(gong)》“匠人(ren)建国(guo)(guo),水地以(yi)(yi)县(xian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)水平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,在(zai)地曰{木(mu)(mu)},以(yi)(yi)绳(sheng)县(xian)於{木(mu)(mu)}上,然(ran)後从傍以(yi)(yi)水望县(xian),即(ji)知(zhi)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高下(xia)(xia)而(er)平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“置{木(mu)(mu)}以(yi)(yi)县(xian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),既平(ping)得(de)地,欲正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)其东、西、南、北(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),先(xian)(xian)(xian)於中置一(yi)(yi){木(mu)(mu)},恐{木(mu)(mu)}下(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),先(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)县(xian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),{木(mu)(mu)}正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)乃视以(yi)(yi)景(jing)(jing)。景(jing)(jing)谓(wei)於{木(mu)(mu)}端自日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)出画之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)至日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)入,即(ji)得(de)景(jing)(jing),为规识之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“为规识日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing)与日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing)”。规之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交处,即(ji)东西正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又於两(liang)交之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间中屈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi){木(mu)(mu)},又知(zhi)南北(bei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。仍恐不(bu)(bu)审,昼参诸(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing),夜(ye)考诸(zhu)(zhu)北(bei)极之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星,以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)朝夕,乃审矣。引(yin)《召诰(gao)》以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《召诰(gao)》:“惟太保先(xian)(xian)(xian)周(zhou)公相宅。越(yue)若(ruo)来,三(san)(san)月(yue)(yue),惟丙(bing)午フ,越(yue)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)戊申(shen),太保朝至于(yu)洛,卜宅。”此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“越(yue)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)戊申(shen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),从三(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)丙(bing)午フ。フ,明生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),月(yue)(yue)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),则(ze)越(yue)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)戊申(shen),月(yue)(yue)五日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),召公至洛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“越(yue)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)庚戌,太保乃以(yi)(yi)庶(shu)殷(yin)攻位(wei)于(yu)洛”,月(yue)(yue)七(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“越(yue)五日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)甲寅,位(wei)成(cheng)”,月(yue)(yue)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。皆通本数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。宫(gong)室(shi)朝廷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)皆成(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)位(wei)谓(wei)此(ci)(ci)宫(gong)室(shi)位(wei),破(po)司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)为君(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)父子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),以(yi)(yi)其国(guo)(guo)家草创,下(xia)(xia)论体国(guo)(guo)经野,理(li)应先(xian)(xian)(xian)定宫(gong)庙室(shi)位(wei),岂有(you)(you)宫(gong)庙等位(wei)未成(cheng),先(xian)(xian)(xian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)面(mian)位(wei)乎?又与《匠人(ren)》建国(guo)(guo)次(ci)第不(bu)(bu)合。故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)依《匠人(ren)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)及《召诰(gao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,为定宫(gong)室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)。案:《左(zuo)氏(shi)·庄公传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“水昏正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)而(er)栽”,知(zhi)是(shi)(shi)十(shi)月(yue)(yue)始兴土功。今(jin)於三(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)为洛邑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《左(zuo)传》用十(shi)月(yue)(yue)是(shi)(shi)寻(xun)常法,今(jin)建王(wang)城远述先(xian)(xian)(xian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志,是(shi)(shi)兴作大事,不(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)常法难之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
体国经野,(体犹分也。经谓为之里数。郑司农云:“营国方九里,国中九经九纬,左祖右社,面朝後市;野则九夫为井,四井为邑之属是也。”
○体(ti)(ti)(ti),郑云:“体(ti)(ti)(ti)犹(you)分也。”干(gan)宝(bao)云:“体(ti)(ti)(ti),形(xing)体(ti)(ti)(ti)。”朝,直遥反(fan)。)
[疏]“体国经野”
○释曰:体犹分也,国谓城中也。分国城之中为九经九纬,左祖右社之属。经谓为之里数,此野谓二百里以外,三等采地之中有井田之法,九夫为井,井方一里之等是也。
○注“体犹”至“是也”
○释曰:言(yan)“体犹分”者(zhe),谓(wei)若人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)手足分为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)体,得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)分也(ye)(ye)。“经谓(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)数”者(zhe),此据野(ye)中而有(you)(you)井方(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)经为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)里(li)(li)(li)(li)数解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“营国(guo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)”已下(xia),并《冬官考工记(ji)·匠(jiang)人(ren)》文。彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)“营国(guo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)里(li)(li)(li)(li),旁三(san)(san)门”,旁谓(wei)四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang),方(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)门则(ze)(ze)王城十(shi)二(er)门。门有(you)(you)三(san)(san)道(dao),三(san)(san)三(san)(san)而九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)则(ze)(ze)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)道(dao)。南北之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)经,东西(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纬。经纬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)皆(jie)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)轨。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“左祖右(you)(you)社”者(zhe),此据中门外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左右(you)(you)。宗(zong)庙是(shi)(shi)阳,故(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)(zai)左;社稷(ji)是(shi)(shi)阴,故(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)(zai)右(you)(you)。“面朝(chao)後市”者(zhe),三(san)(san)朝(chao)皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)君臣治政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,阳,故(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)(zai)前。三(san)(san)市皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)贪利行(xing)刑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,阴,故(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)(zai)後也(ye)(ye)。又言(yan)“野(ye)则(ze)(ze)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)夫为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)井”,此是(shi)(shi)《地官·小(xiao)司徒(tu)职》文。彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)“乃(nai)井牧其田野(ye),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)夫为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)井,四(si)井为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)邑,四(si)邑为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)丘,四(si)丘为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)甸,四(si)甸为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)县(xian),四(si)县(xian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)都”也(ye)(ye)。井方(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)里(li)(li)(li)(li),邑方(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)里(li)(li)(li)(li),丘方(fang)(fang)(fang)四(si)里(li)(li)(li)(li),甸方(fang)(fang)(fang)八里(li)(li)(li)(li),县(xian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)十(shi)六溃都方(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)十(shi)二(er)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。引彼文略,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”,兼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。案:《载(zai)师职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“家(jia)邑任(ren)稍地,小(xiao)都任(ren)县(xian)地,大(da)都任(ren)地”。是(shi)(shi)畿内乡遂及四(si)等(deng)公邑,皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)沟洫法(fa),无此方(fang)(fang)(fang)里(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)并之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。家(jia)邑、小(xiao)都、大(da)都三(san)(san)等(deng)采(cai)地乃(nai)有(you)(you)方(fang)(fang)(fang)里(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)井之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属。但郊外曰“野(ye)”,大(da)总言(yan)耳。散文国(guo)外则(ze)(ze)曰野(ye),故(gu)(gu)(gu)《乡大(da)夫职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“国(guo)中七尺”、“野(ye)自六尺”是(shi)(shi)城外,则(ze)(ze)经中野(ye)对国(guo)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)国(guo)外则(ze)(ze)曰野(ye),但郑据《小(xiao)司徒(tu)》成文而言(yan)。
设官分职,(郑司农云(yun):“置(zhi)冢宰、司徒(tu)、宗伯、司马、司寇、司空,各有所职而百事举。”)
[疏]“设官分职”
○释曰:既体国经野,此须立官以治民,故云设官分职也。
○注“郑司农”至“事举”
○释曰:此谓(wei)设天地四时之官(guan),即(ji)六卿(qing)也。既有(you)其官(guan),须有(you)司职(zhi),故云(yun)“各有(you)所职(zhi)”。职(zhi)谓(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)也,天官(guan)主(zhu)(zhu)治,地官(guan)主(zhu)(zhu)教,春(chun)官(guan)主(zhu)(zhu)礼(li),夏官(guan)主(zhu)(zhu)政,秋(qiu)官(guan)主(zhu)(zhu)刑,冬官(guan)主(zhu)(zhu)事(shi)。六官(guan),官(guan)各六十(shi),则合(he)有(you)三百六十(shi)官(guan)。官(guan)各有(you)主(zhu)(zhu),故云(yun)“百事(shi)举(ju)”。
以为民极。(极,中也。令天下之人各得其中,不失其所。
○令,力呈反。)
[疏]“以为民极”
○释曰:百人无主,不散则乱,是以立君治之。君不独治也,又当立臣为辅。极,中也。言设官分职者以治民,令民得其中正,使不失其所故也。
○注“极中也”至“其所”
○释(shi)曰:“极(ji),中(zhong)(zhong)也”,《尔雅》文(wen)。案《尚书·洪范》云:“皇(huang)建(jian)其有极(ji),惟时(shi)厥庶(shu)民於汝(ru)极(ji)”,谓皇(huang)建(jian)其有中(zhong)(zhong)之道(dao),庶(shu)民於之取中(zhong)(zhong)于下。人(ren)各(ge)得其中(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)失所也。
乃立天官冢宰,使帅其属而掌邦治,以佐王均邦国。(掌,主也。邦治,王所以治邦国也。佐犹助也。郑司农云:“邦治,谓总六官之职也。故《大宰职》曰‘掌建邦之六典,以佐王治邦国’。六官皆总属於冢宰,故《论语》曰‘君薨,百官总己以听於冢宰’,言冢宰於百官无所不主。《尔雅》曰:‘冢大也。’冢宰,大宰也。”
○郑云(yun):“宰(zai),主也。”干云(yun):“济其清浊,和其刚柔,而纳之中和曰宰(zai)。”治,直吏(li)反,注(zhu)邦治、下治官皆同。大宰(zai),音泰(tai),注(zhu)及後(hou)放此。)
[疏]“乃立”至“邦国”
○释曰:六官皆云“乃立”者,以作序之由,本序设官之意,故先云以为民极,次云所设之官,故皆云“乃立”,腾上起下之辞也。“天官冢宰”者,据下注而言,则此言冢宰者,据总摄六职,若据当职,则称大宰也。“使帅其属”,案小宰六属而言,则此属唯指六十官之属也。“掌邦治”者,掌,主也。言主治则兼六官,以其五官虽有教、礼、政、刑、事不同,皆是治法也。云“佐王均邦国”者,以大宰掌均节财用故也。《周礼》以邦、国连言者,据诸侯也。单言邦、单言国者,多据王国也。然不言均王国,而言均邦国者,王之冢宰若言王国,恐不兼诸侯,今言邦国,则举外可以包内也。
○注“掌主”至“宰也”
○释曰(yue):玄云“邦治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),王所以(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邦国(guo)也”者(zhe),此即司农(nong)所引(yin)《大(da)宰(zai)(zai)职》“佐王治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邦国(guo)”,一(yi)也。但司农(nong)虽引(yin)之(zhi),不指释此经邦治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故玄就足之(zhi)。司农(nong)引(yin)《论(lun)语》者(zhe),欲见(jian)天子冢(zhong)宰(zai)(zai)兼百官之(zhi)义。言(yan)“百”则三百六十,一(yi)也。且(qie)《论(lun)语》言(yan)“君(jun)薨”,据(ju)诸侯(hou)言(yan),冢(zhong)宰(zai)(zai)、百官据(ju)天子,互言(yan)之(zhi)者(zhe),欲见(jian)天子、诸侯(hou)君(jun)死,世子居丧,使大(da)臣听政同也。“冢(zhong)宰(zai)(zai),大(da)宰(zai)(zai)”者(zhe),言(yan)不异人也。
治官之属:大宰,卿一人;小宰,中大夫二人;宰夫,下大夫四人。上士八人,中士十有六人,旅下士三十有二人。(变冢言大,进退异名也。百官总焉则谓之冢,列职於王则称大。冢,大之上也。山顶曰冢。旅,众也。下士,治众事者。自大宰至旅下士,转相副贰,皆王臣也。王之卿六命,其大夫四命,士以三命而下为差。
○贰,徐音二。)
[疏]“治官”至“二人”
○释曰:上经所陈立官,所掌有异,此经陈官有尊卑多少,转相副贰之事也。言“治官之属”者,此为六十官之首,别言治官之属一句,与下六十官为目,以总是治官,不得唯指此一经至旅下士三十有二人而已。凡官尊者少,卑者多,以其卑者宜劳,尊者宜逸。是以下士称“旅”,以其理众事,故特言旅也。小宰与大宰同名,大小为异,故郑注《礼记·王制》,引此六卿下、中大夫十二人为十二小卿,以其宰夫是大宰之考,谓若地官之考为乡师,春官之考为肆师,夏官之考为军司马,秋官之考为士师,冬官之考为匠师。以其掌事不与大官同,故异大官也。宰者,调和之名。夫者,治也,以其治此一官所主事也。
○注“变冢”至“为差”
○释曰:“变(bian)冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)言(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)(shang)唯(wei)云(yun)(yun)“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宰(zai)”,此唯(wei)云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)”,是(shi)变(bian)冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)言(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“进(jin)退异(yi)(yi)名(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即“百(bai)(bai)官总(zong)焉”,谓(wei)贰王(wang)(wang)(wang)治(zhi)事(shi),总(zong)摄(she)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)六十(shi)官则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”,是(shi)进(jin)异(yi)(yi)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“列职(zhi)于王(wang)(wang)(wang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)总(zong)百(bai)(bai)官,与(yu)(yu)五(wu)(wu)卿(qing)(qing)并(bing)(bing)列,各自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)六十(shi)官,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)退异(yi)(yi)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)然(ran),总(zong)百(bai)(bai)官则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)天官象(xiang)天覆万物。案(an)(an):经《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)职(zhi)》曰:“凡邦之(zhi)(zhi)小治(zhi),冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宰(zai)听之(zhi)(zhi)”,是(shi)专国(guo)小治(zhi)而称“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《司书职(zhi)》曰:“掌六典(dian)(dian)、八(ba)法、八(ba)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)贰,以(yi)(yi)(yi)诏(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)及冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宰(zai)”,是(shi)贰王(wang)(wang)(wang)事(shi)总(zong)众职(zhi)而称“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)《宰(zai)夫职(zhi)》曰:“乘其(qi)(qi)财用之(zhi)(zhi)出入(ru),凡失(shi)财用、物辟名(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)官刑诏(zhao)(zhao)冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宰(zai)而诛之(zhi)(zhi)”,是(shi)总(zong)众官诛赏而称“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)《司会职(zhi)》曰:“以(yi)(yi)(yi)周知四(si)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)诏(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)及冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宰(zai)废置(zhi)”,是(shi)总(zong)四(si)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)而称“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)主当官、不(bu)兼(jian)他(ta)职(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)言(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)下(xia)(xia)文“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)丧,赞(zan)赠(zeng)玉(yu)、含玉(yu)”,宾客,“赞(zan)玉(yu)几(ji)、玉(yu)爵(jue)(jue)”,“祀五(wu)(wu)帝则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)莅(li)卜”,如此之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei),与(yu)(yu)诸(zhu)官并(bing)(bing)有(you)(you)(you)事(shi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)与(yu)(yu)五(wu)(wu)官同(tong)名(ming)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)”,今又(you)(you)别(bie)称“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”,是(shi)“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)引《尔雅》“山(shan)顶(ding)曰冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见山(shan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)矣,冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又(you)(you)在(zai)顶(ding),证(zheng)冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)上(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“旅,众也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。下(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi),治(zhi)众事(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,欲(yu)见尊官逸(yi)、卑(bei)官劳之(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“自(zi)(zi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)至旅下(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi),转(zhuan)(zhuan)相(xiang)副贰,皆(jie)(jie)王(wang)(wang)(wang)臣(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卿(qing)(qing)一(yi)(yi)人,小卿(qing)(qing)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)二人,已下(xia)(xia)皆(jie)(jie)去上(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)倍(bei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)转(zhuan)(zhuan)相(xiang)副贰也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)臣(chen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),自(zi)(zi)士(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),得王(wang)(wang)(wang)简策命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)臣(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。对(dui)下(xia)(xia)经府、史、胥、徒(tu)不(bu)得王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),官长自(zi)(zi)辟除者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非(fei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)臣(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)六命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),其(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《典(dian)(dian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》文。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫无(wu)中、下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)。案(an)(an):《序官》则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)中、下(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫自(zi)(zi)分为(wei)(wei)中、下(xia)(xia),似(si)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)侯、伯同(tong)七命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),子、男(nan)同(tong)五(wu)(wu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),爵(jue)(jue)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)高下(xia)(xia)不(bu)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。士(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)差(cha),但《典(dian)(dian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》直见公、卿(qing)(qing)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见有(you)(you)(you)出封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故(gu)彼云(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)出封(feng)皆(jie)(jie)加一(yi)(yi)等”。士(shi)(shi)爵(jue)(jue)卑(bei),无(wu)出封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)理,故(gu)不(bu)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)数既(ji)不(bu)言(yan)(yan),知三(san)(san)(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),正(zheng)见《序官》有(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)、中士(shi)(shi)、下(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)等。《典(dian)(dian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》除六命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、无(wu)三(san)(san)(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、二命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、一(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。郑(zheng)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)约(yue)之(zhi)(zhi),上(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),中士(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)再命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),下(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)然(ran),王(wang)(wang)(wang)朝三(san)(san)(san)公八(ba)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),卿(qing)(qing)六命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),皆(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)阴爵(jue)(jue),以(yi)(yi)(yi)待出封(feng)为(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)侯,乃为(wei)(wei)阳爵(jue)(jue)九命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、七命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、五(wu)(wu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。士(shi)(shi)既(ji)不(bu)得出封(feng),故(gu)在(zai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)朝有(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、一(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),亦为(wei)(wei)阳爵(jue)(jue),无(wu)嫌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
府六人(ren),史十有二(er)人(ren),(府,治藏;史,掌书者(zhe)。凡府、史皆其官长所(suo)自(zi)辟(pi)除(chu)。)
[疏]“府”至“二人”
○释曰:府,治府藏。史,主造文书也。
○注“府治”至“除”
○释曰:案(an)下宰夫八职云(yun)(yun):“五曰府(fu)(fu)(fu),掌(zhang)(zhang)官(guan)契(qi)以(yi)(yi)治藏(zang)(zang)(zang)。六(liu)曰史(shi)(shi)(shi),掌(zhang)(zhang)官(guan)书(shu)以(yi)(yi)赞治。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑云(yun)(yun)“府(fu)(fu)(fu),治藏(zang)(zang)(zang);史(shi)(shi)(shi),掌(zhang)(zhang)书(shu)”。又云(yun)(yun)“官(guan)长所(suo)(suo)自辟除(chu)者(zhe),官(guan)长谓(wei)一官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)长,若治官(guan)六(liu)十,其(qi)(qi)(qi)下府(fu)(fu)(fu)、史(shi)(shi)(shi),皆大宰辟召(zhao),除(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)课役而(er)使之(zhi)(zhi),非王臣(chen)也(ye)。《周礼》之(zhi)(zhi)内,府(fu)(fu)(fu)、史(shi)(shi)(shi)大例皆府(fu)(fu)(fu)少而(er)史(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo),而(er)府(fu)(fu)(fu)又在(zai)史(shi)(shi)(shi)上,唯有(you)(you)(you)御史(shi)(shi)(shi)百(bai)有(you)(you)(you)二(er)十人(ren),特多(duo)而(er)在(zai)府(fu)(fu)(fu)上。郑云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)掌(zhang)(zhang)赞书(shu)数多(duo)也(ye)”。又有(you)(you)(you)府(fu)(fu)(fu)兼(jian)有(you)(you)(you)史(shi)(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)当职事(shi)繁(fan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)。或空有(you)(you)(you)史(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)无府(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)当职事(shi)少,得(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)即足(zu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)。至於(wu)角人(ren)、羽(yu)人(ren)等,直有(you)(you)(you)府(fu)(fu)(fu)无史(shi)(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)当职文书(shu)少,而(er)有(you)(you)(you)税物须(xu)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)直有(you)(you)(you)府(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)。腊人(ren)、食(shi)医(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)等府(fu)(fu)(fu)、史(shi)(shi)(shi)俱无者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)专官(guan)行事(shi),更无所(suo)(suo)须(xu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)。《周礼》之(zhi)(zhi)内,唯有(you)(you)(you)天(tian)府(fu)(fu)(fu)一官(guan),特多(duo)於(wu)史(shi)(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)物重故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)。
胥十有二人,徒百有二十人。(此民给徭役者,若今卫士矣。胥读如,谓其有才知,为什长。
○胥,郑、徐、刘(liu)思叙(xu)反(fan),戚思馀反(fan)。下皆同。徭,音遥。,刘(liu)思叙(xu)反(fan)。)
[疏]“胥十”至“十人”
○释曰:胥有才智,为什长。徒给使役,故一胥十徒也。
○注“此民”至“什长”
○释曰:案下(xia)(xia)宰(zai)夫八职云(yun)(yun)(yun):“七曰胥(xu)(xu),掌(zhang)官叙(xu)(xu)以(yi)治叙(xu)(xu)。八曰徒,掌(zhang)官令以(yi)徵(zhi)(zhi)令。”郑云(yun)(yun)(yun):“治叙(xu)(xu),次序官中,如今(jin)待曹伍(wu)伯传吏朝也(ye)。徵(zhi)(zhi)令,趋(qu)走给召呼。”案:《礼记·王制》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“下(xia)(xia)士视上农夫食(shi)九人(ren),禄(lu)足以(yi)代耕”,则(ze)府食(shi)八人(ren),史食(shi)七人(ren),胥(xu)(xu)食(shi)六人(ren),徒食(shi)五人(ren),禄(lu)其官并亚士,故(gu)(gu)号“庶人(ren)在(zai)官者(zhe)”也(ye)。郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)今(jin)卫士”者(zhe),卫士亦给徭(yao)役,故(gu)(gu)举汉(han)法况之(zhi)(zhi)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“胥(xu)(xu)读(du)如,谓其有(you)(you)(you)才(cai)智,为什长(zhang)(zhang)”者(zhe),案:周室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)内称“胥(xu)(xu)”者(zhe),多谓若(ruo)大胥(xu)(xu)、小胥(xu)(xu)、胥(xu)(xu)师之(zhi)(zhi)类,虽(sui)不为什长(zhang)(zhang),皆是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)才(cai)智之(zhi)(zhi)称。彼不读(du)从(cong),从(cong)此读(du)可知。唯(wei)有(you)(you)(you)追胥(xu)(xu),胥(xu)(xu)是(shi)伺搏盗(dao)贼,非(fei)有(you)(you)(you)才(cai)智也(ye)。《易·归妹·六三》“以(yi)须”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“须,才(cai)智之(zhi)(zhi)称。”天文有(you)(you)(you)须女,屈原之(zhi)(zhi)姊名女须。彼须字此与异者(zhe),盖古有(you)(you)(you)此二字通用,俱(ju)得为有(you)(you)(you)才(cai)智也(ye)。《周礼》上下(xia)(xia)文,有(you)(you)(you)胥(xu)(xu)必有(you)(you)(you)徒,胥(xu)(xu)为什长(zhang)(zhang)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)。鳖人(ren)、腊人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)类,空有(you)(you)(you)徒无胥(xu)(xu)者(zhe),得徒则(ze)足,不假长(zhang)(zhang)帅故(gu)(gu)也(ye)。食(shi)医之(zhi)(zhi)类,胥(xu)(xu)徒并无者(zhe),以(yi)其专官行事,不假胥(xu)(xu)徒也(ye)。
宫正,上士二人,中士四人,下士八人,府二人,史四人,胥四人,徒四十人。(正,长也。宫正,主宫中官之长。
○宫正,此(ci)以下,郑玄列(lie)六十(shi)职序,干注则各於(wu)其职前(qian)列(lie)之。)
[疏]“宫正”至“十人”
○释曰(yue):上(shang)(shang)大宰(zai)至(zhi)旅下(xia)(xia)士(shi)总驭群职,故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)首。自(zi)(zi)此(ci)(ci)宫(gong)(gong)正(zheng)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)至(zhi)夏采六(liu)十官(guan),随事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)缓急为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian)後,故(gu)(gu)自(zi)(zi)宫(gong)(gong)正(zheng)至(zhi)宫(gong)(gong),伯(bo)(bo)二(er)官(guan)主(zhu)(zhu)宫(gong)(gong)室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),安(an)身(shen)先(xian)(xian)须(xu)(xu)(xu)宫(gong)(gong)室(shi),故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)(zi)膳(shan)夫(fu)(fu)至(zhi)腊人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),皆(jie)供王膳(shan)羞(xiu)、饮(yin)食、馔具之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)世(shi),在安(an)与饱(bao),故(gu)(gu)食次(ci)(ci)宫(gong)(gong)室(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)(zi)医师已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)至(zhi)兽医,主(zhu)(zhu)疗疾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),有生则(ze)(ze)有疾,故(gu)(gu)医次(ci)(ci)食馔也(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)(zi)酒正(zheng)至(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),陈(chen)酒饮(yin)肴羞(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),医治(zhi)既毕,须(xu)(xu)(xu)酒食养身(shen),故(gu)(gu)次(ci)(ci)酒肴也(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)(zi)掌(zhang)舍至(zhi)掌(zhang)次(ci)(ci),安(an)不忘(wang)危,出行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)又次(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。自(zi)(zi)大府至(zhi)掌(zhang)皮,并是府藏(zang)计会之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),既有其(qi)馀,理(li)须(xu)(xu)(xu)贮积,或出或内,宜计会之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)相(xiang)次(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)(zi)内宰(zai)至(zhi)屦人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),陈(chen)后夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),内教妇功(gong),妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)衣服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),君子(zi)(zi)(zi)明以(yi)访政,夜以(yi)安(an)息(xi),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)於(wu)後也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夏采一职,记招魂,以(yi)其(qi)死事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)於(wu)末言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)宫(gong)(gong)正(zheng)并下(xia)(xia)宫(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo),虽俱训为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang),其(qi)义(yi)则(ze)(ze)异。若(ruo)(ruo)宫(gong)(gong)正(zheng)则(ze)(ze)主(zhu)(zhu)任(ren)三(san)宫(gong)(gong)卿大夫(fu)(fu)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身(shen),故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang),故(gu)(gu)其(qi)职云(yun)“以(yi)时北(bei)宫(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)府”,故(gu)(gu)宫(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo)所掌(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦掌(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“正(zheng),长(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。宫(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo)云(yun)长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),直主(zhu)(zhu)宫(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)卿大夫(fu)(fu)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、庶子(zi)(zi)(zi),行其(qi)秩(zhi)叙,授其(qi)舍次(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),亦得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)“伯(bo)(bo),长(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。宫(gong)(gong)正(zheng)上(shang)(shang)士(shi)二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)首,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)士(shi)四(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)佐,下(xia)(xia)士(shi)八人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)理(li)众事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),府二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)主(zhu)(zhu)藏(zang)文(wen)书也(ye)(ye)(ye),史四(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)主(zhu)(zhu)作文(wen)书,胥(xu)四(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什长(zhang)(zhang),徒四(si)(si)十人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)给(ji)徭(yao)役。诸(zhu)官(guan)体(ti)例,言(yan)(yan)(yan)府、史、胥(xu)、徒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)皆(jie)然,不可文(wen)文(wen)重释,他皆(jie)放此(ci)(ci)。《周礼》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,宗伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei),诸(zhu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“伯(bo)(bo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),伯(bo)(bo),长(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye),以(yi)尊长(zhang)(zhang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名。县师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“师”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)取(qu)可师法也(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)称“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)轮人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、车人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、腊人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、鳖人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei),即(ji)冬(dong)(dong)官(guan)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)“其(qi)曰(yue)某人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)名官(guan)”。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有二(er)种,谓(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)桃(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)剑、筑氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)削(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)冬(dong)(dong)官(guan)“族有世(shi)业,以(yi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)名官(guan)”。若(ruo)(ruo)冯相(xiang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、保章(zhang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、师氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、保氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)引《春秋》“官(guan)有世(shi)功(gong),则(ze)(ze)有官(guan)族”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)称“司(si)”,若(ruo)(ruo)司(si)裘、司(si)市之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei),言(yan)(yan)(yan)司(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)是专(zhuan)任(ren)其(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)於(wu)己(ji),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)司(si)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)典(dian)(dian)妇功(gong)、典(dian)(dian)丝、典(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei),言(yan)(yan)(yan)“典(dian)(dian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),出入由(you)己(ji),课彼作人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),故(gu)(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)典(dian)(dian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)称“职”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)职币、职内、职岁,财不久停,职之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)已(yi)(yi)。凡(fan)(fan)云(yun)“掌(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有三(san)义(yi):一者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),他官(guan)供物(wu),己(ji)则(ze)(ze)暂掌(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)已(yi)(yi),若(ruo)(ruo)幕(mu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)供帷幕(mu)幄(wo),掌(zhang)次(ci)(ci)张之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye);二(er)则(ze)(ze)掌(zhang)徵敛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),若(ruo)(ruo)掌(zhang)皮、掌(zhang)染草之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)是也(ye)(ye)(ye);三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),掌(zhang)非(fei)己(ji)所为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),则(ze)(ze)掌(zhang)节、掌(zhang)固(gu)、掌(zhang)疆(jiang),本非(fei)己(ji)造,废坏修之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)已(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)(zi)外不称“典(dian)(dian)”、“司(si)”、“职”、“掌(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)是逐(zhu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)立名,以(yi)义(yi)铨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可晓也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡(fan)(fan)六(liu)官(guan)序官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,其(qi)义(yi)有二(er):一则(ze)(ze)以(yi)义(yi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)相(xiang)从,谓(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)宫(gong)(gong)正(zheng)、宫(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo),同(tong)主(zhu)(zhu)宫(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。膳(shan)夫(fu)(fu)、庖人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、外内饔(yong),同(tong)主(zhu)(zhu)造食。如此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei),皆(jie)是类(lei)(lei)(lei)聚群分,故(gu)(gu)连类(lei)(lei)(lei)序之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。二(er)则(ze)(ze)凡(fan)(fan)次(ci)(ci)序六(liu)十官(guan),不以(yi)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊卑为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian)後,皆(jie)以(yi)缓急为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)次(ci)(ci)弟,故(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)宫(gong)(gong)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟士(shi)官(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)前,内宰(zai)等大夫(fu)(fu)官(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)後也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
宫伯,中士二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren),下士四人(ren)(ren)(ren),府一人(ren)(ren)(ren),史二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren),胥(xu)二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren),徒(tu)二(er)十人(ren)(ren)(ren)。(伯,长(zhang)也。)
膳夫,上士二人,中士四人,下士八人,府二人,史四人,胥十有二人,徒百有二十人。(膳之言善也。今时美物曰珍膳。膳夫,食官之长也。郑司农以《诗》说之,曰“仲允膳夫”。
○膳,上战反。)
[疏]注“膳之”至“膳夫”
○释(shi)曰:言“膳(shan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),食官之(zhi)长(zhang)”者,谓(wei)与(yu)下庖人(ren)、内外(wai)饔、亨人(ren)等为长(zhang)也(ye)。司农引《诗》云(yun)者,是《小雅》剌幽王诗。膳(shan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),仲(zhong)允为之(zhi),引证与(yu)此膳(shan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)为一事也(ye)。
庖人,中士四人,下士八人,府二人,史四人,贾八人,胥四人,徒四十人。(庖之言苞也,裹肉曰苞苴。贾主市买,知物贾。
○庖,徐(xu)扶交反(fan)。贾(jia)八人,郑、徐(xu)音(yin)(yin)古(gu),刘音(yin)(yin)嫁,下放此。裹音(yin)(yin)果。苴,子馀反(fan)。物(wu)贾(jia),音(yin)(yin)嫁。)
[疏]注“庖之”至“物贾”
○释曰(yue)(yue):言庖者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),今之厨,转作(zuo)包(bao)(bao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲取(qu)庖人主(zhu)六兽、六禽,以供庖厨,有(you)裹(guo)肉(rou)之意也。又(you)云“裹(guo)肉(rou)曰(yue)(yue)包(bao)(bao)苴(ju)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《诗(shi)》云“野(ye)有(you)死,白茅包(bao)(bao)之”,《礼记·内则(ze)》云“炮取(qu)豚若将,编萑以苴(ju)之”,皆(jie)是裹(guo)肉(rou)之物(wu),故云“裹(guo)肉(rou)曰(yue)(yue)苞苴(ju)”也。又(you)云“贾(jia)(jia)(jia)市(shi)买,知(zhi)物(wu)贾(jia)(jia)(jia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下文(wen)九职(zhi)郑注“行曰(yue)(yue)商(shang),处曰(yue)(yue)贾(jia)(jia)(jia)”。贾(jia)(jia)(jia)乃(nai)在市(shi)而处者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故知(zhi)物(wu)贾(jia)(jia)(jia)。此特有(you)贾(jia)(jia)(jia)人者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),庖人牲当市(shi)之故也。
内饔,中士四人,下士八人,府二人,史四人,胥十人,徒百人。(饔,割亨煎和之称。内饔所主在内。
○饔,郑於容反(fan)。亨(heng),戚普(pu)庚反(fan),刘(liu)普(pu)孟反(fan)。称,尺证反(fan)。)
[疏]注“饔割”至“在内”
○释曰(yue):饔(yong),和(he)(he)也。熟食曰(yue)饔(yong)。熟食须(xu)调和(he)(he),故(gu)号(hao)曰(yue)饔(yong)。其职云“掌王及(ji)后世子(zi)之割亨”,割亨则须(xu)煎和(he)(he),故(gu)云“割亨煎和(he)(he)之称(cheng)”。又云“所主在内”者(zhe),以其掌王及(ji)后世子(zi)及(ji)宗庙,皆(jie)是在内之事。
外饔,中士(shi)(shi)四人,下士(shi)(shi)八人,府二(er)人,史(shi)四人,胥十人,徒百人。(外饔,所主在外。)
[疏]注“外饔所主在外”
○释(shi)曰:案其职云“掌外(wai)(wai)祭祀及邦飨(xiang)孤子耆老割亨”,皆是在外(wai)(wai)之事(shi),故云“所(suo)掌在外(wai)(wai)”也。此(ci)饔(yong)有内(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)可对,故云内(nei)(nei)(nei)、外(wai)(wai)饔(yong)。至於(wu)内(nei)(nei)(nei)宰、内(nei)(nei)(nei)竖、内(nei)(nei)(nei)司(si)服,自掌妇人之事(shi)而称内(nei)(nei)(nei),不(bu)对外(wai)(wai)为(wei)名也。
亨人,下士四人,府一人,史二人,胥五人,徒五十人。(主为外内饔煮肉者。
○亨,刘(liu)普(pu)庚反。为,于伪反,下“为主”同(tong)。)
[疏]注“主为”至“肉者”
○释曰:其职云(yun)“给外内(nei)饔亨事”,故(gu)云(yun)“为外内(nei)饔煮肉”也(ye)。
甸师,下士二人,府一人,史二人,胥三十人,徒三百人。(郊外曰甸。师犹长也。甸师,主共野物官之长。
○甸,田遍反。共(gong)音恭,下皆同。)
[疏]注“郊外”至“之长”。
○释曰(yue):案《载师(shi)(shi)》云(yun)“任近(jin)郊远郊之(zhi)地(di)(di)”,次即云(yun)“公邑(yi)之(zhi)田任甸(dian)(dian)地(di)(di)”,甸(dian)(dian)地(di)(di)即在(zai)(zai)百(bai)里远郊外(wai),天(tian)子(zi)藉田又在(zai)(zai)南方甸(dian)(dian)地(di)(di),故(gu)(gu)称此(ci)(ci)(ci)官(guan)(guan)为(wei)甸(dian)(dian)师(shi)(shi)也。然此(ci)(ci)(ci)官(guan)(guan)主地(di)(di)事不在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe),以其供野(ye)之(zhi)荐,又给薪蒸以供亨饪(ren),故(gu)(gu)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)次亨人也。又云(yun)“主供野(ye)物官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)长(zhang)”或(huo)云(yun)与(yu)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)掌葛、掌炭、掌蜃(shen)、委(wei)人等同(tong)掌供野(ye)物,故(gu)(gu)与(yu)彼(bi)(bi)官(guan)(guan)为(wei)长(zhang)。若然,彼(bi)(bi)属地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan),此(ci)(ci)(ci)属天(tian)官(guan)(guan),越分相(xiang)领,恐(kong)理不惬。此(ci)(ci)(ci)甸(dian)(dian)师(shi)(shi)当与(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)兽人已下(xia)(xia)(xia)亦供野(ye)物为(wei)长(zhang)也。故(gu)(gu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)数职注(zhu)不言长(zhang),明甸(dian)(dian)师(shi)(shi)与(yu)之(zhi)为(wei)长(zhang)。但(dan)兽人等中士,此(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)士,下(xia)(xia)(xia)士得与(yu)中士为(wei)长(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe),如大(da)史下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)夫(fu),内史中大(da)夫(fu),郑云(yun)“大(da)史,史官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)长(zhang)”。彼(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)夫(fu)与(yu)中大(da)夫(fu)为(wei)长(zhang),此(ci)(ci)(ci)下(xia)(xia)(xia)士亦与(yu)中士为(wei)长(zhang),有何(he)嫌也?徒(tu)三百(bai)人,特多者(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)子(zi)藉田千(qian)亩,藉借此(ci)(ci)(ci)三百(bai)人耕耨(nou),故(gu)(gu)多也。
兽人(ren),中士四人(ren),下士八人(ren),府二人(ren),史四人(ren),胥四人(ren),徒四十人(ren)。
[疏]“兽人”
○释(shi)曰:案其职云(yun)“掌罟田兽(shou),冬献(xian)狼,夏献(xian)麋”,供膳羞,故(gu)在此也。
[A214]人,中士二人,下士四人,府二人,史四人,胥三十人,徒三百人。(
○[A214],音鱼,本又作鱼,亦作攵,同,又音御。)
[疏]“[A214]人”
○释曰:案其(qi)职云:“掌以时[A214]为梁。春献王鲔(wei)”,亦供(gong)鱼物,故在(zai)此也。徒亦三百(bai)人者,马融云:“池塞苑囿,取鱼处多(duo)故也。”
鳖人,下士四人,府二人,史二人,徒十有六人。(
○鳖(bie),必列反(fan)。)
[疏]“鳖人”
○释曰:案其职(zhi)云:“祭(ji)祀,供(gong)[C231]、蠃(luo)、氐”,亦是供(gong)食物(wu),故(gu)在此也(ye)。
腊人,下士四人,府二人,史二人,徒二十人。(腊之言夕也。
○腊,音昔。)
[疏]“腊人”
○释曰(yue):注(zhu)“腊之言夕(xi)”也,乾(qian)曰(yue)腊,朝曝,於夕(xi)乃乾(qian),故云腊之言夕(xi)。或作“久”字,久乃乾(qian)成(cheng),义亦(yi)通也。以其(qi)供脯、腊、无(wu)、胖食物,故亦(yi)在(zai)此色也。
医师,上士二人,下士四人,府二人,史二人,徒二十人。(医师,众医之长。
○医,意(yi)其反。)
[疏]“医师”
○释曰(yue):案(an)其职云(yun):“掌医(yi)之(zhi)政令,聚毒(du)药以供医(yi)事(shi)。”诸(zhu)医(yi)皆在(zai)此者(zhe),医(yi)亦有齐和饮(yin)食之(zhi)类,故设在(zai)饮(yin)食之(zhi)间也。
食医,中士二人。(食有和齐药之类。
○和,胡卧反,又音(yin)禾(he)。齐(qi),才计反。)
[疏]“食医”
○释(shi)曰:案其职云“春(chun)多(duo)酸夏多(duo)苦”之等,皆须(xu)齐(qi)和,与药故(gu)同(tong),郑云“食有和齐(qi)药之类”,故(gu)在医官之内也。
疾医,中士八人。
[疏]“疾医”
○释曰:案其职云(yun)“掌养万民之疾病”,故(gu)连类在此。
疡医,下士八人。(疡,创痈也。
○疡(yang),音羊。创,初良反(fan)。)
[疏]“疡医”
○释曰:案其职云“掌肿疡、溃疡”之等,故亦连类在此。
○注“疡,创也”
○释(shi)曰(yue):案《礼(li)记·上(shang)曲(qu)礼(li)》云:“头有(you)创则沐(mu),身有(you)疡则浴。”案其(qi)职(zhi)有(you)“肿疡”等耍(shua)种之疡,注:“溃则未必有(you)脓也(ye)(ye)。”故(gu)亦(yi)连类(lei)在此也(ye)(ye)。
兽医,下(xia)士四人。(兽,牛马之类(lei)。)
[疏]注“兽牛马之属”
○释(shi)曰:案《尔雅(ya)》“在(zai)野曰兽(shou)(shou),在(zai)家曰畜(chu)”,畜(chu)兽(shou)(shou)异矣。而言“兽(shou)(shou),牛(niu)马(ma)(ma)”者(zhe),但此职云“主治(zhi)牛(niu)马(ma)(ma)”,未(wei)必治(zhi)其野兽(shou)(shou),而以牛(niu)马(ma)(ma)为(wei)兽(shou)(shou)者(zhe),对(dui)文(wen)(wen)则畜(chu)兽(shou)(shou)异,散文(wen)(wen)通。故《尔雅(ya)》又云“两(liang)足而羽谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)禽,四足而毛谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)兽(shou)(shou)”。既不别释(shi)畜(chu),则兽(shou)(shou)中可以兼(jian)牛(niu)马(ma)(ma),是(shi)其牛(niu)马(ma)(ma)亦有兽(shou)(shou)称,故云“兽(shou)(shou),牛(niu)马(ma)(ma)”也(ye)。
酒正,中士四人(ren)(ren),下士八人(ren)(ren),府二人(ren)(ren),史(shi)八人(ren)(ren),胥八人(ren)(ren),徒八十人(ren)(ren)。(酒正,酒官之长(zhang)。)
[疏]“酒正”至“十人”
○释曰:案其职云:“掌酒之政令,以式法授酒材”,与膳食相将,故在此。
○注(zhu)“酒正,酒官(guan)之长(zhang)”释(shi)曰:此酒正与下酒人(ren)、浆人(ren)为长(zhang)。注(zhu)不言浆,文略也。
酒人,奄十人,女酒三十人,奚三百人。(奄,精气闭藏者,令谓之宦人。《月令》:仲冬“其器闳以奄”。女酒,女奴晓酒者。古者从坐男女,没入县官为奴,其少才知,以为奚,今之侍史官婢。或曰:“奚,宦女。”
○奄(yan),於(wu)捡反(fan)。刘於(wu)验反(fan)。徐(xu)於(wu)剑(jian)反(fan)。奚(xi),如字,又胡礼反(fan)。坐,才(cai)卧(wo)反(fan)。)
[疏]“酒人”至“百人”
○释曰:“奄十人”,以其与女酒及奚同职,故用奄人。奄不称士,则此奄亦府史之类,以奄为异也。言“女酒三十人”,则女酒与奚为什长,若胥徒也。奚三百人,以其造酒,故须人多也。
○注“奄精”至“宦女”
○释(shi)曰(yue):案《月令》冬三月皆云(yun)“其(qi)(qi)气闳以(yi)奄(yan)”,独引仲冬者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)十(shi)一月一阳爻生,以(yi)其(qi)(qi)奄(yan)人虽精气闭藏,犹(you)少(shao)有精气故也。又云(yun)“女(nv)(nv)酒(jiu)(jiu),女(nv)(nv)奴晓酒(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe)”云(yun)云(yun),郑(zheng)依《秋官(guan)(guan)·司厉》,从坐男女(nv)(nv),没入县官(guan)(guan)为奴,则奴者(zhe)(zhe),男女(nv)(nv)同名,以(yi)其(qi)(qi)晓解作酒(jiu)(jiu),有才智(zhi),则曰(yue)女(nv)(nv)酒(jiu)(jiu),其(qi)(qi)少(shao)有才智(zhi)给使者(zhe)(zhe),则曰(yue)奚。已下云(yun)“晓”者(zhe)(zhe),谓晓解当职之物,不复(fu)重(zhong)释(shi)之也。“侍使官(guan)(guan)婢”,举汉法言之。又云(yun)“或曰(yue)宦(huan)(huan)女(nv)(nv)”者(zhe)(zhe),汉时有此别号。按(an)《左氏》晋惠公(gong)之女(nv)(nv)名妾,称宦(huan)(huan)女(nv)(nv),谓宦(huan)(huan)事秦公(gong)子(zi),亦(yi)云(yun)宦(huan)(huan)女(nv)(nv)也。
浆人,奄五人,女浆十有五人,奚百有五十人。(女浆,女奴晓浆者。
○浆(jiang),子(zi)良反(fan)。)
[疏]“浆人”
○释曰:在此(ci)者(zhe),案(an)其职云:“掌供王之六饮(yin),入(ru)于(yu)酒府”,饮(yin)是酒类,故在此(ci)也。
凌人,下士二人,府二人,史二人,胥八人,徒八十人。(凌,冰室也。《诗》云:“二之日,凿冰冲冲。三之日,纳于凌阴。”
○凌,力证反,字从冰,或力升(sheng)反。)
[疏]“凌人”至“十人”
○释曰:凌人在此者,案其职云:“掌冰,凡外内饔之膳羞鉴焉”,以供为膳羞,故连类在此也。
○注“凌冰”至“凌阴”
○释(shi)曰:引(yin)《诗》曰“二(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)”者,案《诗》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所释(shi),谓周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri);凿冰(bing)(bing)(bing)者,谓於深(shen)山穷(qiong)谷(gu),固阴Ё寒(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,於是(shi)乎取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“冲冲”,凿冰(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。“三之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)”,谓周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建寅(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),纳(na)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)於陵(ling)阴室(shi)中(zhong)。案彼又(you)云:“四(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)其(qi)蚤,献(xian)羔(gao)祭韭。”启冰(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时也(ye)(ye)。郑《答志(zhi)》以“夏(xia)(xia)十二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)取冰(bing)(bing)(bing),二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)开冰(bing)(bing)(bing),四(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)班冰(bing)(bing)(bing),是(shi)其(qi)常也(ye)(ye)。藏(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既晚,出(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又(you)早(zao)。晚者建寅(yin)乃藏(zang)(zang),与此《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)》十二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)藏(zang)(zang)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)校(xiao)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)故;出(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)早(zao)者,四(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)出(chu)(chu)冰(bing)(bing)(bing),与《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)》同。今豳土寒(han),故纳(na)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)用夏(xia)(xia)正月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”也(ye)(ye)。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,证凌阴即此冰(bing)(bing)(bing)室(shi),为一(yi)物也(ye)(ye)。
笾(bian)(bian)人,奄(yan)一人,女(nv)笾(bian)(bian)十人,奚二(er)十人。(竹(zhu)曰笾(bian)(bian)。女(nv)笾(bian)(bian),女(nv)奴之晓笾(bian)(bian)者。)
[疏]“笾人”至“十人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云“掌四笾之实”,亦是荐羞之事,故在此也。
○注“竹曰”至“笾者”
○释曰(yue):知“竹(zhu)曰(yue)笾(bian)”者(zhe),更无异(yi)文,见竹(zhu)下为之,即知以竹(zhu)为之,故云竹(zhu)曰(yue)笾(bian)也。
醢人,奄一人,女醢二十人,奚四十人。(醢,豆实也。不谓之豆,此主醢,豆不尽于醢也。女醢,女奴晓醢者。
○醢,呼在反(fan)。尽,津忍反(fan)。)
[疏]“醢人”至“十人”
○释曰:案其职云“掌四豆之实”,亦是荐羞,故在此也。
○注“醢豆”至“醢者”
○释曰:云“不(bu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)”者,决上(shang)(shang)笾人(ren)不(bu)以笾中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实(shi)为名,而以笾为官(guan)号,此即(ji)以豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实(shi)为官(guan)号,不(bu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)人(ren)。此是(shi)问辞(ci),郑还(hai)自答。豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)不(bu)尽於(wu)醢(hai)者,其豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)盛(sheng),非(fei)止此职中(zhong)四(si)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实(shi)而已。天子豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)百(bai)二(er)十,上(shang)(shang)公豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)四(si)十,侯伯豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)三十二(er),子男豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)二(er)十四(si),上(shang)(shang)大(da)夫二(er)十,下大(da)夫十六,彼(bi)有乡熏尧炙脍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,其数甚多(duo),是(shi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)不(bu)尽盛(sheng)醢(hai)而已。若言豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)人(ren),恐(kong)彼(bi)并掌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此醢(hai)人(ren)惟掌此四(si)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实(shi)而已,故不(bu)得(de)言豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)人(ren)而言醢(hai)人(ren)也。
醯人,奄二人,女醯二十人,奚四十人。(女醯,女奴晓醯者。
○醯,本(ben)又作[A16M],呼西反。)
[疏]“醯人”
○释曰:醯人(ren)在(zai)此者,案(an)其(qi)职云“掌共五齐七菹(zu)”,以供醯物,则与醯人(ren)职通。醯人(ren)惟主作醯,但(dan)成(cheng)齐菹(zu)必须(xu)醯物乃成(cheng),故醯人(ren)兼言齐菹(zu),而(er)连(lian)类在(zai)此也。
盐(yan)人(ren)(ren)(ren),奄二人(ren)(ren)(ren),女(nv)盐(yan)二十人(ren)(ren)(ren),奚四十人(ren)(ren)(ren)。(女(nv)盐(yan),女(nv)奴晓盐(yan)者。)
[疏]“盐人”
○释曰:在(zai)此者,案其(qi)职云:“掌盐之(zhi)政令(ling),以(yi)供百事(shi)之(zhi)盐。”盐所以(yi)调和(he)上食之(zhi)物,故亦连类在(zai)此也(ye)。
冥人,奄一人,女冥十人,奚二十人。(以巾覆物曰冥。女冥,女奴晓冥者。
○冥,莫(mo)历反(fan)。)
[疏]“冥人”
○释曰:冥人在此者,案其职云:“掌供巾(jin)冥”,所以覆饮(yin)食(shi)之物(wu),故次(ci)饮(yin)食(shi)後。
宫人(ren)(ren),中士四人(ren)(ren),下(xia)士八(ba)人(ren)(ren),府二人(ren)(ren),史四人(ren)(ren),胥八(ba)人(ren)(ren),徒八(ba)十人(ren)(ren)。
[疏]“宫人”
○释曰:宫人在(zai)此(ci)者,案其职(zhi)云:“掌王之六(liu)寝之”,又供王沐浴、扫除之事(shi),是安(an)息王身(shen),故在(zai)此(ci)也。
掌舍,下士四人,府二人,史四人,徒四十人。(舍,行所解止之处。
○解,佳卖反。)
[疏]“掌舍”至“十人”
○释曰:云在此者,案其职云:“掌王之会同之舍,设互梧再重。”亦是安王身之事,故亦在此。
○注“舍行”至“之处”
○释曰:案其职(zhi)云设车宫、坛宫、帷宫之(zhi)(zhi)等,并是解脱止(zhi)息之(zhi)(zhi)处,故云“解止(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)处”也。
幕人,下士一人,府二人,史二人,徒四十人。(幕,帷覆上者。
○幕,武博反。)
[疏]“幕人”至“十人”
○释曰,在此者,案其职云“掌帷幕幄绶之事”,亦是安王身之事,故在此也。注“幕帷覆上者”
○释(shi)曰:案下职中(zhong)郑(zheng)注云:“在旁曰帷,在上曰幕。”是其幕乃帷之覆上者也。
掌次(ci),下士(shi)四(si)人,府四(si)人,史二人,徒八十人。(次(ci),自(zi)正之处。)
[疏]“掌次”至“十人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云:“掌王次之法,以待张事。”幕人供之,掌次张之,故连类在此也。
○注“次自正之处”
○释曰:案其职(zhi)云:“张大次设重重案皆是自(zi)止故云“自(zi)止之处也”。
大府(fu),下大夫二人(ren)(ren),上士(shi)四人(ren)(ren),下士(shi)八(ba)人(ren)(ren),府(fu)四人(ren)(ren),史(shi)八(ba)人(ren)(ren),贾十(shi)有六(liu)人(ren)(ren),胥八(ba)人(ren)(ren),徒八(ba)十(shi)人(ren)(ren)。(大府(fu),为王治藏之长,若今司(si)农矣。)
[疏]“大府”至“十人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云“掌大贡九赋,受其货贿之入,颁其货贿于诸府”之事。案《尚书·洪范》云:“一曰食,二曰货。”已上皆言饮食,此次,言货贿,故大府在此也。有贾者,府官须有市买,并须知物货善恶故也。
○注“大府”至“农矣”
○释曰:大府(fu)与下诸府(fu)官为长,故(gu)以(yi)大夫为之。云“若今(jin)司农矣(yi)”者,汉时(shi)司农主(zhu)府(fu)藏(zang),故(gu)史游《章》云:“司农、少(shao)府(fu)国之渊。”
玉府,上士二人(ren),中(zhong)士四(si)人(ren),府二人(ren),史(shi)二人(ren),工八人(ren),贾八人(ren),胥四(si)人(ren),徒(tu)四(si)十有八人(ren)。(工,能攻玉者。)
[疏]“玉府”至“八人”
○释曰:玉府在此者,案其职云“掌王之金玉、玩好、兵器,凡良货贿之藏”。以玉为主,故与大府同在此。有工八人者,以其使攻玉故也。有贾者,使辨玉之善恶、贵贱故也。
○注“工能攻玉者”
○释曰(yue):工谓(wei)作(zuo)工。案《诗》云(yun)“他山之石,可以攻玉”,故须工。
内府,中士二人,府一人,史二人,徒十人。(内府,主良货贿藏在内者。
○贿,呼罪反。)
[疏]“内府”
○释曰(yue):内府在(zai)此(ci)者,案其职云“掌(zhang)九(jiu)贡(gong)、九(jiu)赋、九(jiu)功之货贿、良(liang)兵、良(liang)器”,故在(zai)此(ci)也(ye)。
外(wai)府(fu),中士二(er)人(ren)(ren),府(fu)一人(ren)(ren),史二(er)人(ren)(ren),徒十人(ren)(ren)。(外(wai)府(fu),主泉(quan)藏在外(wai)者。)
[疏]“外府”至“十人”
○释曰:外府在此者,案其职云:“掌邦布之出入,以共百事”,故在此也。
○注“外府”至“外者”
○释曰:泉布本(ben)是外物,无在内府,故对(dui)内府为外也(ye)。
司会,中大夫二人,下大夫四人,上士八人,中士十有六人,府四人,史八人,胥五人,徒五十人。(会,大计也。司会,主天下之大计,计官之长,若今尚书。
○会,古外反,注(zhu)同。尚,音常。)
[疏]“司会”至“十人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云:“掌邦之六典、八法、八则之贰,以逆邦国、都鄙、官府之治。”主天下大计,货贿亦须计会,故与大府连类在此也。
○注“会大”至“尚书”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue):言“会(hui),大计(ji)(ji)”者(zhe),案宰夫职“日计(ji)(ji)曰(yue)(yue)成,月计(ji)(ji)曰(yue)(yue)要,岁计(ji)(ji)曰(yue)(yue)会(hui)”,故知会(hui),大计(ji)(ji)也。云“主天下(xia)之(zhi)大计(ji)(ji)”者(zhe),其职云“逆邦国、都(dou)鄙(bi)、官府”,是(shi)句考遍天下(xia)。云“若今尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)”者(zhe),汉(han)之(zhi)尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)亦主大计(ji)(ji),故举以况之(zhi)也。
司书,上士二人,中士四人,府二人,史四人,徒八人。(司书,主计会之簿书。
○簿,步(bu)古反。後(hou)簿书皆同。)
[疏]“主司书”至“簿书”
○释曰:司(si)书在此(ci)者(zhe),会(hui)计之(zhi)事,司(si)书主之(zhi),故(gu)其职云“凡上之(zhi)用财用,必考(kao)于司(si)会(hui)”。故(gu)连类在此(ci)也(ye)。注(zhu)言“簿书”者(zhe),古有简策(ce)以(yi)记(ji)事。若在君前,以(yi)笏记(ji)事。後代用簿。簿,今手版。故(gu)云吏当持簿,簿则簿书也(ye)。
职内,上士二人,中士四人,府四人,史四人,徒二十人。(职内,主入也。若今之泉所入谓之少内。
○少,诗照反。)
[疏]“职内”至“十人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云“掌邦之赋入,辨其财用之物而执其总”,入太府者,皆由职内,亦有府义,故郑云“受用之府若职内”,故其职在此也。
○注“若今”至“少内”
○释曰:汉之(zhi)少(shao)内(nei),亦主泉所入。案王氏《汉官(guan)解》云:“小官(guan)啬夫各擅其(qi)职,谓仓库(ku)少(shao)内(nei)啬夫之(zhi)属,各自擅其(qi)条理(li)所职主。”由此言之(zhi),少(shao)内(nei)藏聚,似(si)今之(zhi)少(shao)府(fu),但官(guan)卑职碎(sui),以(yi)少(shao)为(wei)名(ming)。
职岁,上士四人,中士八人,府四人,史八人,徒二十人。(主岁计以岁断。
○断,丁乱反(fan)。)
[疏]“职岁”
○释曰:在此者(zhe),案其职云:“掌邦之赋出,以贰官府都鄙之财出赐之数(shu),以待会计(ji)(ji)而考(kao)之。”总(zong)断一(yi)岁之大计(ji)(ji),故与司会同(tong)在此也(ye)。
职币,上士(shi)二(er)人(ren),中士(shi)四(si)(si)人(ren),府二(er)人(ren),史四(si)(si)人(ren),贾四(si)(si)人(ren),胥二(er)人(ren),徒二(er)十(shi)人(ren)。
[疏]“职币”
○释曰(yue):在此(ci)(ci)者,案其职(zhi)(zhi)云:“掌式法以敛官府(fu)、都鄙与凡用邦财者之币,以待(dai)上之赐予”,与职(zhi)(zhi)岁通职(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)连类在此(ci)(ci)也。若然(ran),此(ci)(ci)三职(zhi)(zhi)皆有府(fu)义,不得名府(fu)者,以财不久停故(gu)也。
司裘(qiu),中士二人,下士四(si)人,府(fu)二人,史四(si)人,徒四(si)十人。
[疏]“司裘”
○释曰(yue):在(zai)此(ci)者,案(an)其职云:“掌为大裘,并掌皮”,亦有府义(yi),故在(zai)此(ci)。
掌(zhang)皮,下士四(si)人,府二人,史四(si)人,徒四(si)十(shi)人。
[疏]“掌皮”
○释曰:在此者,案(an)其职云:“掌秋敛(lian)(lian)皮,冬敛(lian)(lian)革,春献之”,亦(yi)有(you)府义,故连类(lei)在此也。
内(nei)(nei)宰(zai),下(xia)大夫二人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),上士四人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),中(zhong)士八人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),府四人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),史八人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),胥八人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),徒(tu)八十人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。(内(nei)(nei)宰(zai),宫(gong)中(zhong)官之(zhi)长。)
[疏]“内宰”至“十人”
○释曰:名“内宰”者,对大宰治百官,内宰治妇人之事,故名内宰。然则大宰不称外者,为兼统内也。案其职云“掌治王内之政令”,又教后已下妇德之事,以王事少暇,故次在此也。
○注“内宰”至“之长”
○释曰:内宰与下女史(shi)已下为长,故郑云“宫中官(guan)之(zhi)长”。
内(nei)小臣,奄上士(shi)四人(ren),史二人(ren),徒八人(ren)。(奄称士(shi)者,异其贤。)
[疏]“内小”至“八人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云:“掌王后之命,正其服位”。案《夏官·大仆职》云:“出入王之大命,正其服位”,则此小臣侍后职与大仆侍王同,亦是佐后之事,故在此,用奄者,以其所掌在内故。
○注“奄称士者异其贤”
○释曰:案(an)上酒人(ren)(ren)、浆(jiang)人(ren)(ren)等(deng)奄(yan)并(bing)不(bu)称(cheng)士,则非士也。独此云(yun),以(yi)其有(you)贤行命为(wei)(wei)士,故称(cheng)士也。案(an):《诗》巷(xiang)伯,奄(yan)官也。注云(yun):“巷(xiang)伯,内(nei)小臣(chen),小臣(chen)於宫中为(wei)(wei)近,故谓之巷(xiang)伯。”必知巷(xiang)伯与小臣(chen)为(wei)(wei)一人(ren)(ren)者,以(yi)其俱名奄(yan)。又言巷(xiang),亦(yi)宫中为(wei)(wei)近。又称(cheng)伯,长也。内(nei)小臣(chen)又称(cheng)士,亦(yi)是长义,故知一人(ren)(ren)也。
阍人,王宫每门四人,囿游亦如之。(阍人,司昏晨以启闭者。刑人墨者使守门。囿,御苑也。游,离宫也。
○阍,音昏。囿(you),音又(you)。ヵ,本亦(yi)作游,音由(you)。)
[疏]“阍人”至“如之”
○释曰:在此者,以其掌守中门之禁,王宫在此,故亦在此。《周礼》之内,有同官别职,则此阍人每门及囿游同名阍人而职别。《山虞》、《泽虞》云“每大泽大山及川衡林衡”,亦是别职同官也。别官同职者,唯有官连耳。
○注“阍人”至“宫也”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“阍(hun)人(ren)(ren),司昏(hun)晨(chen)(chen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)启闭”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此《释名(ming)(ming)(ming)》阍(hun)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。昏(hun)时闭门(men)(men),则此名(ming)(ming)(ming)阍(hun)人(ren)(ren)也。晨(chen)(chen)时启门(men)(men),则《论(lun)语》谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晨(chen)(chen)人(ren)(ren)也。皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)时事为(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)耳。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“刑人(ren)(ren)墨(mo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)使(shi)(shi)(shi)守(shou)(shou)门(men)(men)”,此《秋官·掌戮》职文。郑(zheng)彼(bi)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“黥者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)无(wu)妨於禁(jin)(jin)御,欲(yu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)守(shou)(shou)门(men)(men)。”案其(qi)职云(yun)(yun)(yun):“掌守(shou)(shou)中(zhong)门(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禁(jin)(jin)。”言(yan)(yan)中(zhong)门(men)(men),则唯雉门(men)(men)耳。而言(yan)(yan)每门(men)(men)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)言(yan)(yan)中(zhong)门(men)(men),据(ju)(ju)有禁(jin)(jin)守(shou)(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)实王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五门(men)(men),皆(jie)使(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。或(huo)解以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)王有五门(men)(men),四面皆(jie)有中(zhong)门(men)(men),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)每门(men)(men),义亦通也。案《礼(li)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不使(shi)(shi)(shi)刑人(ren)(ren)守(shou)(shou)门(men)(men)。”彼(bi)郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)谓(wei)夏殷时。《公羊》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“阍(hun)杀吴(wu)子(zi)馀祭,近(jin)刑人(ren)(ren),轻死之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。”彼(bi)据(ju)(ju)人(ren)(ren)君(jun)加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宠,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)近(jin)刑人(ren)(ren),轻死之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。若君(jun)有防卫,不亲近(jin),则非近(jin)刑人(ren)(ren)。其(qi)劓(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)使(shi)(shi)(shi)守(shou)(shou)关,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)丑恶远(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不得约彼(bi)即以(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)二门(men)(men)皆(jie)使(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“昏(hun)靡共”,笺云(yun)(yun)(yun)“皆(jie)奄(yan)人(ren)(ren)”。彼(bi)据(ju)(ju)后宫(gong)门(men)(men),故(gu)(gu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)奄(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“囿(you)(you)(you)御苑(yuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“王在灵囿(you)(you)(you)”,注(zhu)(zhu):“所以(yi)(yi)(yi)养禽兽,天子(zi)百里(li)(li)(li)(li),诸(zhu)侯(hou)四十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。”案《孟(meng)子(zi)》:齐宣王问《孟(meng)子(zi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“文王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)囿(you)(you)(you)方(fang)(fang)七(qi)十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li),犹以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)小,寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)囿(you)(you)(you)方(fang)(fang)四十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li),犹以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da),何也?”孟(meng)子(zi)答(da):“文王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)囿(you)(you)(you),刍荛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)往焉(yan)(yan),雉兔者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)往焉(yan)(yan),与民同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)小,不亦宜乎!君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)囿(you)(you)(you),民杀其(qi)麋(mi)鹿者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),如杀人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪,民以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da),不亦宜乎!”则文王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)囿(you)(you)(you)方(fang)(fang)七(qi)十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)於诸(zhu)侯(hou),小於天子(zi)故(gu)(gu)也。《白虎通》又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“天子(zi)百里(li)(li)(li)(li),大(da)(da)国四十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li),次国三十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li),小国二十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。”与《孟(meng)子(zi)》不同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《白虎通》细别言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“游,离(li)(li)宫(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),囿(you)(you)(you)是大(da)(da)苑(yuan),其(qi)门(men)(men)皆(jie)使(shi)(shi)(shi)阍(hun)人(ren)(ren)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。此离(li)(li)宫(gong),即囿(you)(you)(you)游之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兽禁(jin)(jin),故(gu)(gu)彼(bi)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun),谓(wei)囿(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)离(li)(li)宫(gong)小苑(yuan)观处也。或(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)游亦谓(wei)城郭中(zhong)兴公所为(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。
寺人(ren)(ren),王之(zhi)正内五人(ren)(ren)。(寺之(zhi)言(yan)侍也。《诗》云“寺人(ren)(ren)孟(meng)子”。正内,路(lu)寝(qin)。)
[疏]“寺人”至“五人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云“掌王之内人及女宫之戒令”,故在此。
○注“寺之”至“路寝”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“寺(si)(si)之(zhi)言(yan)(yan)侍(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),欲取亲近侍(shi)御之(zhi)义。此(ci)奄人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也。知者(zhe)(zhe),见僖二十四(si)年:晋(jin)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)既(ji)入,吕、欲焚公(gong)(gong)(gong)宫。寺(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)披(pi)请见,公(gong)(gong)(gong)使让之(zhi),且辞焉。披(pi)曰:“齐(qi)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)置射钩而(er)(er)(er)使管(guan)仲(zhong)相,君若易之(zhi),行者(zhe)(zhe)甚众,岂唯刑(xing)臣。”彼寺(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)披(pi)自称(cheng)刑(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),明寺(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)奄人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也。若然(ran),寺(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)既(ji)掌(zhang)内(nei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),不掌(zhang)男(nan)子。而(er)(er)(er)秦诗(shi)云(yun)(yun):“欲见国(guo)君,先令寺(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”,而(er)(er)(er)掌(zhang)男(nan)子者(zhe)(zhe),彼秦仲(zhong),宣王命作大夫(fu),始(shi)大,有(you)车马,其(qi)官未备,故(gu)(gu)寺(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)兼(jian)小臣,是以寺(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)得(de)掌(zhang)男(nan)子。《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)“寺(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)孟(meng)子”者(zhe)(zhe),引证经寺(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、孟(meng)子同也。又云(yun)(yun)“正内(nei),路(lu)寝(qin)”者(zhe)(zhe),寺(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)既(ji)不得(de)在王之(zhi)路(lu)寝(qin),而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)内(nei)正五人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),谓在后之(zhi)路(lu)寝(qin)耳。若王之(zhi)路(lu)寝(qin),不得(de)称(cheng)内(nei);以后宫,故(gu)(gu)以内(nei)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)。故(gu)(gu)先郑下注后六(liu)宫,前一後五,前一则路(lu)寝(qin)。
内竖,倍寺人之数。(竖,未冠者之官名。
○冠,古乱(luan)反。)
[疏]“内竖”至“之数”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云:“掌内外之通令,凡小事”。故与寺人连类在此也。
○注“竖未”至“官名”
○释曰:《春(chun)秋左氏传》叔(shu)孙穆子幸庚宗妇人而(er)生牛(niu),以为竖官。则亦童竖未冠者。必使(shi)童子为之(zhi)者,郑於其职注云:“使(shi)童竖通王内外之(zhi)命,给小事者,以其无与为礼,出入便疾(ji)也。”
九嫔。(嫔妇也。《昏义》曰:“古者天子后立六宫,三夫人、九嫔、二十七世妇、八十一御妻,以听天下之内治,以明章妇顺,故天下内和而家理也。”不列夫人于此官者,夫人之於后,犹三公之於王,坐而论妇礼,无官职。
○嫔(pin),符(fu)真反。治,直(zhi)吏反。)
[疏]“九嫔”
○释曰:在此者,以其有妇德。其职云:“掌妇学之法,以教九御”,同是内宫之官,故亦在此。
○注“嫔妇也”至“官职”
○释曰:引《昏义》者(zhe),彼是(shi)周之(zhi)(zhi)妇官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)数,与此经妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)数同,故(gu)(gu)引以(yi)(yi)为证。案《礼记·上(shang)檀弓》云(yun)(yun):“舜葬仓梧,盖三(san)(san)妃(fei)未(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)从。”郑注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“帝喾时立四(si)妃(fei),象后妃(fei)四(si)星,其(qi)一明者(zhe)为正(zheng)妃(fei),其(qi)三(san)(san)小者(zhe)为次妃(fei),帝尧(yao)因焉。至舜,不(bu)告而(er)(er)(er)娶(qu),不(bu)立正(zheng)妃(fei),但三(san)(san)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)(er)(er)已。夏后氏(shi)增以(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)三(san)(san)而(er)(er)(er)九(jiu),为十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。殷人(ren)(ren)(ren)又(you)(you)增以(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)九(jiu)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)七,合三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。周人(ren)(ren)(ren)上(shang)法帝喾而(er)(er)(er)立正(zheng)妃(fei),又(you)(you)三(san)(san)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)七,为八十(shi)(shi)一人(ren)(ren)(ren),以(yi)(yi)增三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)并后,合百(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)一人(ren)(ren)(ren)。其(qi)位:后也(ye),夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye),九(jiu)嫔也(ye),二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)七世妇也(ye),八十(shi)(shi)一女(nv)御也(ye)。”又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“不(bu)列夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)于此”,惟有九(jiu)嫔已下,是(shi)无三(san)(san)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)数也(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)於后,犹三(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)於王(wang),坐(zuo)而(er)(er)(er)论(lun)妇礼,无官(guan)职(zhi)”者(zhe),谓三(san)(san)百(bai)六十(shi)(shi)官(guan)无三(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)。案《大司徒职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun):“二(er)(er)卿(qing)则(ze)(ze)公(gong)(gong)(gong)一人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”郑注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“三(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe),内与王(wang)论(lun)道(dao),中参六官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)事,外(wai)与六卿(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)教。”又(you)(you)案《冬官(guan)·考工记》云(yun)(yun):“坐(zuo)而(er)(er)(er)论(lun)道(dao),谓之(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“天子(zi)、诸侯。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)公(gong)(gong)(gong)中合有三(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong),坐(zuo)而(er)(er)(er)论(lun)道(dao)无正(zheng)职(zhi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“中参”、“外(wai)与”而(er)(er)(er)已。三(san)(san)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)亦然(ran),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“坐(zuo)而(er)(er)(er)论(lun)礼,无官(guan)职(zhi)”,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)列之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。
世妇。(不(bu)言(yan)数者,君子不(bu)苟於色(se),有妇德者充之,无则阙。)
[疏]注“不言”至“则阙”
○释(shi)曰:在(zai)此者(zhe),案(an)其职(zhi)云“掌祭祀、宾客、丧纪、帅女宫而濯溉”,故亦在(zai)此。九(jiu)(jiu)嫔言(yan)数,而世(shi)妇(fu)、女御(yu)(yu)不(bu)言(yan)数者(zhe),君子不(bu)苟於色,有(you)妇(fu)德乃充(chong)之。不(bu)言(yan)王(wang)而云君子者(zhe),谓君子为王(wang),乃能不(bu)苟色也。九(jiu)(jiu)嫔言(yan)数者(zhe),欲见(jian)(jian)世(shi)妇(fu)、女御(yu)(yu)有(you)德亦充(chong)。若(ruo)九(jiu)(jiu)嫔无德,亦与世(shi)妇(fu)女御(yu)(yu)同阙,故特互其文,令义两得见(jian)(jian)耳。
女(nv)御。(《昏义》所谓御妻。御犹进也,侍也。)
[疏]注“昏义”至“侍也”
○释曰:彼不云“女御(yu)(yu)(yu)”而云“御(yu)(yu)(yu)妻”,御(yu)(yu)(yu),进(jin)也(ye),故(gu)彼引为一物也(ye)。又云“御(yu)(yu)(yu)犹进(jin)也(ye),侍也(ye)”者,凡后下御(yu)(yu)(yu),皆是后宫进(jin)在王寝侍息宴,故(gu)《女御(yu)(yu)(yu)职》云“掌御(yu)(yu)(yu)叙于王之燕寝”。是以训御(yu)(yu)(yu)云进(jin)也(ye)、侍也(ye)。
女祝四人,奚八人。(女祝,女奴晓祝事者。
○祝,之六反(fan),郑又之又反(fan)。)
[疏]“女祝”至“八人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云:“掌王后之内祭祀,凡内祷祠之事。”故在此也。
○注“女祝”至“事者”
○释曰:言(yan)女(nv)奴(nu)晓事,谓识文(wen)者为(wei)之也。
女史八人,奚(xi)十有六人。(女史,女奴晓书者。)
[疏]“女史”
○释曰:在(zai)此(ci)(ci)者(zhe),案其(qi)职云(yun):“掌王后之(zhi)礼(li)(li)职,内治之(zhi)贰”,亦女奴晓文者(zhe)为之(zhi)。其(qi)职与王之(zhi)大史掌礼(li)(li)同,故在(zai)此(ci)(ci)也。
典妇(fu)功,中(zhong)士(shi)二人(ren)(ren),下士(shi)四(si)人(ren)(ren),府二人(ren)(ren),史(shi)四(si)人(ren)(ren),工四(si)人(ren)(ren),贾(jia)四(si)人(ren)(ren),徒二十人(ren)(ren)。(典,主也(ye)。典妇(fu)功者,主妇(fu)人(ren)(ren)丝功官(guan)之长。)
[疏]“典妇”
○释(shi)曰(yue):在此者,案其(qi)职(zhi)云:“掌妇(fu)式之法,以受嫔(pin)妇(fu)及内(nei)人女功之事(shi)赍。”故(gu)郑注云:“典,主也(ye)。典妇(fu)功者,主妇(fu)人丝功官(guan)之长(zhang)。”其(qi)职(zhi)中赍是也(ye)。云“贾四人”者,以其(qi)丝有(you)善(shan)恶、贵贱之事(shi),故(gu)须贾人也(ye)。
典丝(si),下士二(er)(er)(er)人(ren),府二(er)(er)(er)人(ren),史二(er)(er)(er)人(ren),贾四(si)人(ren),徒十(shi)有(you)二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)。
[疏]释曰:在此者,案其(qi)职云:“掌丝(si)入而辨其(qi)物(wu)。颁丝(si)于(yu)外内工(gong),皆以物(wu)授之。”因妇功,亦在此也。
典,下士二人,府二人,史二人,徒二十人。(
○,丝里反。)
[疏]“典”
○释曰:,麻(ma)(ma)也(ye)。案《丧服(fu)传》云:“牡麻(ma)(ma)者,麻(ma)(ma)也(ye)。”则是(shi)雄(xiong)麻(ma)(ma),对苴是(shi)麻(ma)(ma)之有ナ实者也(ye)。在(zai)(zai)此者,与典妇功,亦连类在(zai)(zai)此也(ye)。
内司服,奄一人,女御二人,奚八人。(内司服,主宫中裁缝宫之长。有女御者,以衣服进,或当於王,广其礼,使无色过。
○缝,戚奉容反,徐扶用反,下(xia)同。)
[疏]“内司”至“八人”
○释曰:以其掌后已下六服。言“内司服”者,非是对《春官·司服》男子服为内。但是男子之物不言外者,在外是其常也。故不须言外而外自显。但以妇人在内,故妇人之事多言内。若不言内,无以得见妇人之物。不与春官司服同处者,以从内官之例,故在此。有“奄一人”者,以其衣服事多,须男子兼掌。以与妇人同处,故用奄也。
○注“内司服”至“色过”
○释曰:言“主宫中裁(cai)缝官之(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)其下文缝人为(wei)长(zhang)。又云“有(you)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)御(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe),以衣(yi)(yi)服(fu)进(jin),或当於王(wang)(wang),广其礼(li),使无(wu)色过”者(zhe)(zhe),以此女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)御(yu)(yu)还是女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)奴晓进(jin)御(yu)(yu)衣(yi)(yi)服(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),故与女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)酒、女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)祝、女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)史同号女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)也。以衣(yi)(yi)服(fu)进(jin),谓(wei)进(jin)衣(yi)(yi)于(yu)王(wang)(wang)。王(wang)(wang)见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi),或当王(wang)(wang)意,广其礼(li),得与八十一(yi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)御(yu)(yu)同名。欲见(jian)百二十人外,兼有(you)此女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)御(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),王(wang)(wang)合御(yu)(yu)幸(xing)之(zhi)(zhi),使王(wang)(wang)无(wu)淫色之(zhi)(zhi)过,故名女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)御(yu)(yu)也。
缝人,奄二人,女御八人,女工八十人,奚三十人。(女工,女奴晓裁缝者。
○缝(feng),刘扶用反(fan)。)
[疏]“缝人”至“十人”
○释曰:在此者(zhe),案其职(zhi)云:“掌王宫缝(feng)线之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),以缝(feng)王及后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)衣服”,故(gu)(gu)在此也。奄二人(ren),亦是(shi)缝(feng)线事(shi)多,须(xu)有男子故(gu)(gu)也。有女御(yu)者(zhe),义(yi)同於上也。有女工者(zhe),谓女奴(nu)巧者(zhe),郑云“晓裁缝(feng)者(zhe)”也。
染人,下士二人,府二人,史二人,徒二十人。(
○染,如艳反(fan),刘(liu)而俭反(fan)。)
[疏]“染人”
○释(shi)曰:在此者,案其职云“掌染丝帛”,因(yin)妇人衣服,故亦连类在此也。
追师,下士二人,府一人,史二人,工二人,徒四人。(追,治玉石之名。
○追,丁(ding)回反,一曰雕。)
[疏]“追师”至“四人”
○释曰:在此者,职云:“掌王后之首服,为副、编、次、追衡、笄”,亦因妇人衣服,连类在此。
○注“治玉石之名”
○释曰(yue):《诗》云:“追(zhui)琢其璋。”璋是(shi)玉为之(zhi),则(ze)追(zhui)与(yu)(yu)琢皆是(shi)治(zhi)玉石之(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)。若然,男(nan)子(zi)首(shou)服(fu)在《夏官(guan)·弁师》者,以其男(nan)子(zi),是(shi)阳义(yi),又取(qu)夏时万(wan)物长大,长大乃(nai)冠,故在夏官(guan)。此妇人,直(zhi)取(qu)首(shou)服(fu)配衣,故与(yu)(yu)衣连类在此。若然,首(shou)反处(chu)下者,以冠履(lv)自相对,不与(yu)(yu)服(fu)为先後(hou),故不在上(shang)也(ye)(ye)。
屦人,下士二人,府一人,史一人,工八人,徒四人。(
○屦(ju),纪具(ju)反。)
[疏]“屦人”
○释(shi)曰(yue):在(zai)此(ci)者(zhe),案其职云“掌(zhang)王及(ji)后(hou)之(zhi)服(fu)屦(ju)”,故从(cong)内官衣服(fu),亦连类在(zai)此(ci)。若然(ran),追师专(zhuan)掌(zhang)妇(fu)人首(shou)服(fu),此(ci)屦(ju)人兼男子(zi),屦(ju)舄在(zai)下体,贱,故男子(zi)妇(fu)人同在(zai)此(ci)官也。
夏采,下士四人,史一人,徒四人。(夏采,夏翟羽色。《禹贡》:徐州贡夏翟之羽。有虞氏以为,後世或无,故染鸟羽,象而用之,谓之夏采。
○夏(xia),户雅反,注同。翟,雉名。采,如字,或(huo)作菜(cai)。翟,音狄。,如谁反。)
[疏]“夏采”至“四人”
○释曰:在此者,其职云:“掌大丧以冕服复于大祖,以乘车建复于四郊。”丧事是终,故在末职也。
○注“夏采”至“夏采”
○释曰:案(an)《尔雅》云(yun)(yun):“伊(yi)洛(luo)而(er)南,素质(zhi),五采(cai)(cai)(cai)皆备(bei)成章(zhang),曰。江淮(huai)而(er)南,青质(zhi),五采(cai)(cai)(cai)皆备(bei)成章(zhang),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)鹞。”此则夏(xia)翟(zhai)(zhai)之(zhi)(zhi)羽(yu)色(se)也(ye)。又案(an)《禹贡(gong)》徐(xu)州(zhou)云(yun)(yun):“羽(yu)畎夏(xia)翟(zhai)(zhai)”,是徐(xu)州(zhou)贡(gong)夏(xia)翟(zhai)(zhai)之(zhi)(zhi)羽(yu)也(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)“有(you)虞(yu)氏以为”者,《明堂位》云(yun)(yun):“有(you)虞(yu)氏之(zhi)(zhi),夏(xia)后氏之(zhi)(zhi)。”注云(yun)(yun):“有(you)虞(yu)氏当言,夏(xia)后氏当言。”彼(bi)(bi)据(ju)虞(yu)氏始(shi)有(you),故云(yun)(yun)有(you)虞(yu)氏以为也(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)“後(hou)世或(huo)无”者,案(an)《冬(dong)官·考(kao)工记》有(you)“锺氏染(ran)羽(yu)”,若(ruo)有(you)自然鸟(niao)羽(yu),何须染(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)乎?故云(yun)(yun)“後(hou)世或(huo)无”,则据(ju)此周时(shi)而(er)言也(ye),故染(ran)鸟(niao)羽(yu)而(er)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)。谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)“夏(xia)采(cai)(cai)(cai)”者,夏(xia)即五色(se)也(ye)。此职(zhi)中注及彼(bi)(bi)注皆云(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)注旄於干首”,不云(yun)(yun)翟(zhai)(zhai)羽(yu)者,盖注文不具(ju)耳。