●卷四
大宰之职,掌建邦之六典,以佐王治邦国:一曰治典,以经邦国,以治官府,以纪万民;二曰教典,以安邦国,以教官府,以扰万民;三曰礼典,以和邦国,以统百官,以谐万民;四曰政典,以平邦国,以正百官,以均万民;五曰刑典,以诘邦国,以刑百官,以纠万民;六曰事典,以富邦国,以任百官,以生万民。(大曰邦,小曰国,邦之所居亦曰国。典,常也,经也,法也。王谓之礼经,常所秉以治天下也;邦国官府谓之礼法,常所守以为法式也。常者,其上下通名。扰犹驯也。统犹合也。诘犹禁也,《书》曰“度作详刑,以诘四方”。任犹亻事也。生犹养也。郑司农云:“治典,冢宰之职,故立其官,曰使帅其属而掌邦治,以佐王均邦国;教典,司徒之职,故立其官,曰使帅其属而掌邦教,以佐王安扰邦国;礼典,宗伯之职,故立其官,曰使帅其属而掌邦礼,以佐王和邦国;政典,司马之职,故立其官,曰使帅其属而掌邦政,以佐王平邦国;刑典,司寇之职,故立其官,曰使帅其属而掌邦禁,以佐王刑邦国。此三时皆有官,唯冬无官,又无司空。以三隅反之,则事典,司空之职也。《司空》之篇亡,《小宰职》曰:‘六曰冬官,其属六十,掌邦事。’”
○邦(bang)(bang)国,干云:“国,天子诸侯所理也(ye)(ye)(ye)。邦(bang)(bang),疆国之境(jing)。”治(zhi)(zhi)典,直吏反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。注下(xia)治(zhi)(zhi)典、邦(bang)(bang)治(zhi)(zhi)、治(zhi)(zhi)官、治(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)之治(zhi)(zhi)皆同。扰,而(er)小反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),郑而(er)昭(zhao)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),徐(xu)、李寻(xun)伦反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。谐(xie),户皆反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。诘(jie),起一反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),禁也(ye)(ye)(ye)。干云:“弹正纠(jiu)察(cha)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”驯,似伦反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。度(du),待洛(luo)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。亻事,侧(ce)吏反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),下(xia)同,犹立也(ye)(ye)(ye)。)
[疏]“大宰”至“以生万民”
○释曰:自此以下至职末分为二段。从此职首至“以富得民”一段十条,明经国之大纲,治政之条目。自“正月之吉”以下至职末,明颁宣前法,依事而施。言“掌建邦之六典”者,谓大宰总御群职,故六典俱建也。“以佐王治邦国”者,以六典是王执治邦国,王不独治,故云“佐王”也。“一曰治典,以经邦国”,至“六曰事典”,皆云“邦国”者,邦国皆谓诸侯之国。但治典云:“经者,所以经纪为名,故云经。”教典云:“安者,地道主安,故云安。”礼典云:“和者,礼之用,和为贵,故云和。”政典云:“平者,司马主六军,以平定天下,故云平。”刑典云:“诘者,以其刑者有所诘禁天下,故云诘。”事典云:“富者,作事所以富国家,故云富也。”又治典、教典云:“官府礼典已下四典,皆云‘百官’者,尊天地二官,不局其数,故不云百官而云‘官府’也。”若然,六官其属各六十,得称百官者,举全数,故云百官也。且天官言“治官府”,地官云“教官府”,夏官云“以正百官”,秋官云“刑百官”,皆依本职而言之。至於春官主礼,不可云“礼百官”。礼所以统叙万事,故云“统百官”也。冬官不可云“事百官”,故变事云“任”。任谓任使,任使即事也。又天官主治,治所以纪纲天下,故云“纪万民”也。地道主民,故云“扰万民”,扰则驯顺之义也。春官主礼,礼所以谐和,故云“谐万民”。夏官主政,九畿职方制其贡,有贡赋之事,故云“均万民”。秋官主刑,刑者所以纠正天下,故云“纠万民”也。冬官主事,作事者,所以生养万民,故云“生万民”也。然天子曰“兆民”,诸侯曰“万民”。此天子之礼,不言兆民而言万民者,但兆民据天子而言之。今言万民,以畿外封诸侯,惟有畿内不封,故以畿内据近而言。
○注“大曰”至“掌邦事”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue):《周礼》凡言(yan)(yan)(yan)邦(bang)(bang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。此言(yan)(yan)(yan)“大(da)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)邦(bang)(bang)、小(xiao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),止据此文(wen)(wen)邦(bang)(bang)在(zai)(zai)上、国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)此解。案《仪礼·觐礼》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“同姓大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),异姓小(xiao)邦(bang)(bang)”,则邦(bang)(bang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)小(xiao)通也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“邦(bang)(bang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)居(ju)亦曰(yue)(yue)(yue)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,即(ji)据王(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。故(gu)上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“惟王(wang)(wang)建(jian)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,《匠人(ren)》“营(ying)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)方九里(li)”,与《典命(ming)》“国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家”,皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)邦(bang)(bang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)居(ju)亦曰(yue)(yue)(yue)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“典,常(chang)(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),经(jing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),法也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尔雅·释诂(gu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“典,常(chang)(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”孙氏云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”释言(yan)(yan)(yan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“典,经(jing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)法者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)经(jing)常(chang)(chang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)法式。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”已下(xia)(xia),郑(zheng)所(suo)解也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼经(jing),常(chang)(chang)所(suo)秉以(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)天下(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡言(yan)(yan)(yan)经(jing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)经(jing)纪天下(xia)(xia),故(gu)王(wang)(wang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)礼经(jing),常(chang)(chang)所(suo)秉以(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)天下(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“邦(bang)(bang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)官(guan)(guan)府谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼法”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡言(yan)(yan)(yan)法者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)(xia)法於(wu)上,故(gu)邦(bang)(bang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)官(guan)(guan)府谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼法,常(chang)(chang)所(suo)守以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)法式也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“常(chang)(chang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上下(xia)(xia)通名”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经(jing)据在(zai)(zai)上,法据在(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia),至於(wu)王(wang)(wang)与邦(bang)(bang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)官(guan)(guan)府,俱有(you)(you)(you)常(chang)(chang)义,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)常(chang)(chang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)上下(xia)(xia)通名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“扰犹(you)(you)驯(xun)(xun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《地(di)官(guan)(guan)》注(zhu)训(xun)扰为(wei)(wei)安(an),此言(yan)(yan)(yan)驯(xun)(xun),不(bu)(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),驯(xun)(xun)是(shi)(shi)顺(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,顺(shun)即(ji)安(an)义,亦通也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“统(tong)(tong)犹(you)(you)合也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),统(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)相统(tong)(tong)同,故(gu)为(wei)(wei)合。“诘(jie)(jie)犹(you)(you)禁(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),弟诘(jie)(jie)即(ji)禁(jin)止之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引《尚(shang)书》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“度作详刑,以(yi)(yi)诘(jie)(jie)四方”,此《尚(shang)书·吕刑》文(wen)(wen)。是(shi)(shi)吕侯训(xun)夏(xia)赎(shu)刑以(yi)(yi)详审,诘(jie)(jie)禁(jin)四方,引证诘(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)禁(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“任(ren)犹(you)(you)亻(ren)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亻(ren)事(shi)犹(you)(you)立(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),东齐人(ren)物(wu)立(li)地(di)中为(wei)(wei)亻(ren)事(shi)。蒯通说范阳令曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“天下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)敢亻(ren)事(shi)刃(ren)於(wu)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腹者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),畏(wei)秦法也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”欲使(shi)百官(guan)(guan)皆(jie)立(li)其(qi)功(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“生犹(you)(you)养(yang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)生万(wan)(wan)民,则诸(zhu)官(guan)(guan)皆(jie)生万(wan)(wan)民,彼何异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?於(wu)义不(bu)(bu)安(an),故(gu)转为(wei)(wei)养(yang)。冬官(guan)(guan)主土地(di),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)养(yang)民故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郑(zheng)司(si)(si)(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘治(zhi)(zhi)典,冢宰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),及下(xia)(xia)教典司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),礼典宗(zong)伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),六(liu)典皆(jie)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此并是(shi)(shi)序官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)次有(you)(you)(you)此文(wen)(wen),故(gu)立(li)其(qi)官(guan)(guan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“使(shi)帅其(qi)属而(er)(er)掌邦(bang)(bang)治(zhi)(zhi)”。此以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)六(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)六(liu)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首有(you)(you)(you)此文(wen)(wen),司(si)(si)(si)农总引以(yi)(yi)释六(liu)典也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此三时(shi)(shi)皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)官(guan)(guan),唯冬无官(guan)(guan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)各六(liu)十(shi)官(guan)(guan),唯冬无。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“无司(si)(si)(si)空”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),对馀官(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)宰、司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)、宗(zong)伯、司(si)(si)(si)马、司(si)(si)(si)寇,此则无司(si)(si)(si)空卿也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)三隅反之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡物(wu)不(bu)(bu)圆则方,方则四隅,既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)三隅,明(ming)有(you)(you)(you)四隅。以(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)春夏(xia)秋三时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan),明(ming)有(you)(you)(you)冬时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),官(guan)(guan)可(ke)知(zhi)则事(shi)典司(si)(si)(si)空之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“司(si)(si)(si)空之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)亡”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)六(liu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)时(shi)(shi)亡,其(qi)时(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)《考工记(ji)》代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。引《小(xiao)宰职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见当有(you)(you)(you)《冬官(guan)(guan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以八法治官府:一曰官属,以举邦治;二曰官职,以辨邦治;三曰官联,以会官治;四曰官常,以听官治;五曰官成,以经邦治;六曰官法,以正邦治;七曰官刑,以纠邦治;八曰官计,以弊邦治。(百官所居曰府。弊,断也。郑司农云:“官属谓六官,其属各六十。若今博士、大史、大宰、大祝、大乐属大常也。《小宰职》曰:‘以官府之六属举邦治,一曰天官,其属六十’是也。官职谓六官之职,《小宰职》曰:‘以官府之六职辨邦治,一曰治职,二曰教职,三曰礼职,四曰政职,五曰刑职,六曰事职,官联谓国有大事,一官不能独共,则六官共举之。联,读为连,古书连作联。联谓连事通职,相佐助也。《小宰职》曰:‘以官府之六联合邦治,一曰祭祀之联事,二曰宾客之联事,三曰丧荒之联事,四曰军旅之联事,五曰出役之联事,六曰敛弛之联事。’官常谓各自领其官之常职,非连事通职所共也。官成谓官府之成事品式也。《小宰职》曰:‘以官府之八成经邦治,一曰听政役以比居,二曰听师田以简稽,三曰听闾里以版图,四曰听称责以傅别,五曰听禄位以礼命,六曰听取予以书契,七曰听卖买以质剂,八曰听出入以要会。’官法谓职所主之法度,官职主祭祝、朝觐、会同、宾客者,则皆自有其法度。《小宰职》曰:‘以法掌祭祀、朝觐、会同、宾客之戒具。’官刑谓司刑所掌墨罪、劓罪、宫罪、刖罪、杀罪也。官计谓三年则大计群吏之治而诛赏之。”玄谓官刑,《司寇》之职五刑,其四曰官刑,上能纠职。官计谓《小宰》之六计,所以断群吏之治。
○法<繁体>,古(gu)法字。联,音(yin)连。弊,必世反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),郑(zheng)蒲计反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),徐、刘府世反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。断,丁(ding)乱反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),下同。弛(chi),尹氏反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。比,毗志反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),郑(zheng)房利反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。稽,古(gu)奚反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),郑(zheng)又(you)音(yin)启(qi)。版(ban),音(yin)板。傅,别音(yin)附,下彼(bi)列(lie)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。契,苦计反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。剂,子随反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。《尔雅》云:“剂,翦(jian)齐也。”要,於(wu)妙反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),徐於(wu)召反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),後不音(yin)者放此。朝,直遥反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。凡言“朝觐”皆同。{自辛},古(gu)罪字。劓,鱼冀反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。刖,音(yin)月,又(you)五刮反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“以八”至“邦治”
○释曰:此八法虽不云建,亦有建义,故郑注《大史职》云“六典八法八则冢宰所建,以治百官,大史又建焉”是也。上六典云治邦国,此八法云治官府,官府,在朝廷之官府也。“一曰官属,以举邦治”,以下皆单言邦,据王国而言之。言“官属”者,谓六官各有六十官之属也。长官有属官,官事得举,故云以举邦治。“二曰官职,以辨邦治”者,谓六官各有职,若天官治职之等,官各有职。辨,别也,官事有分别,故云以辨邦治也。“三曰官联,以会官治”者,联即连也。一官不能独共,则众官共举之,然後事得合会,故云以会官治。“四曰官常,以听官治”者,官常非连事通职,各自於当官常职而听治之,故云以听官治也。“五曰官成,以经邦治”者,官成者,谓官自有成事品式,依旧行之,以经纪邦治也。“六曰官法,以正邦治”者,官法谓当职所主旧法度,将此法度,是正邦之治政也。“七曰官刑,以纠邦治”者,言官刑非寻常五刑,谓官中之刑,以纠察邦治。“八曰官计,以弊邦治”者,官计谓平治官府之计也。弊,断也,谓就计会之中有失者断之,故云弊邦治也。此八法皆云邦治,官常、官联二者不云邦而云官者,其官联言官,欲取会合众官,乃始得治;官常言官,欲取官有常职,各自治其官。故二者不言邦而云官也。及小宰还从治。
○注“百官”至“之治”
○释曰:言“百官(guan)(guan)所居(ju)曰府(fu)”者,欲以官(guan)(guan)府(fu)为(wei)一事,解(jie)与上(shang)府(fu)史(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)别,彼府(fu)主(zhu)藏文书(shu),此(ci)(ci)府(fu)是百官(guan)(guan)所居(ju)处,皆是府(fu)聚之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)司(si)(si)农引“官(guan)(guan)属谓(wei)(wei)(wei)六官(guan)(guan)其属各六十”,下引《小(xiao)(xiao)宰(zai)》所云(yun)者是也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“若今博士云(yun)云(yun),属大(da)(da)常(chang)也(ye)(ye)”者,司(si)(si)农据《汉百官(guan)(guan)年(nian)表》,汉始(shi),叔(shu)孙(sun)通为(wei)奉常(chang),後改为(wei)大(da)(da)常(chang)。官(guan)(guan)刑(xing)(xing)(xing),先郑(zheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)所掌墨罪(zui)(zui)、劓(yi)罪(zui)(zui)、官(guan)(guan)罪(zui)(zui)、刖罪(zui)(zui)、杀罪(zui)(zui),此(ci)(ci)是正五刑(xing)(xing)(xing),施于(yu)天(tian)下,非为(wei)官(guan)(guan)中之(zhi)(zhi)刑(xing)(xing)(xing),故後郑(zheng)不从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。“官(guan)(guan)计(ji)(ji)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)三年(nian)大(da)(da)计(ji)(ji)群吏之(zhi)(zhi)治而(er)诛赏(shang)”者,此(ci)(ci)为(wei)三年(nian)一考(kao)乃一计(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)(ci)官(guan)(guan)计(ji)(ji)每岁计(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi),故後郑(zheng)亦不从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)(guan)刑(xing)(xing)(xing),《司(si)(si)寇》之(zhi)(zhi)职五刑(xing)(xing)(xing),其四(si)曰官(guan)(guan)刑(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)能纠职”,是专施于(yu)官(guan)(guan)府(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)中,於(wu)义(yi)(yi)为(wei)当(dang)也(ye)(ye)。“官(guan)(guan)计(ji)(ji)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)宰(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)六计(ji)(ji),所以断群吏之(zhi)(zhi)治”,群吏之(zhi)(zhi)治即是官(guan)(guan)中之(zhi)(zhi)计(ji)(ji),於(wu)义(yi)(yi)亦当(dang)矣,故引破司(si)(si)农也(ye)(ye)。
以八则治都鄙:一曰祭祀,以驭其神;二曰法则,以驭其官;三曰废置,以驭其吏;四曰禄位,以驭其士;五曰赋贡,以驭其用;六曰礼俗,以驭其民;七曰刑赏,以驭其威;八曰田役,以驭其众。(都之所居曰鄙。则,亦法也。典、法、则,所用异,异其名也。都鄙,公卿大夫之采邑,王子弟所食邑,周、召、毛、聃、毕、原之属在畿内者。祭祀,其先君、社稷、五祀。法则,其官之制度。废犹退也,退其不能者,举贤而置之。禄,若今月奉也。位,爵次也。赋,口率出泉也。贡,功也,九职之功所税也。礼祀,昏姻、丧纪旧所行也。郑司农云:“士谓学士。”
○驭,鱼虑反(fan)。赋(fu)贡(gong),干云:“赋(fu),上(shang)之(zhi)所(suo)求於(wu)下;贡(gong),下之(zhi)所(suo)纳(na)於(wu)纳(na)於(wu)上(shang)。采,音菜。召,上(shang)照反(fan)。聃,乃甘反(fan)。奉,符用反(fan),本或(huo)作俸。率,徐、刘音类,戚(qi)音律,一音所(suo)律反(fan),下同(tong)。税,舒锐反(fan)。)
[疏]“以八”至“其众”
○释曰:则亦法也。以八则治三等采地之都鄙也。“一曰祭祀,以驭其神”者,采地之中,祭祀宗庙、社稷、五祀。下注云“凡云驭者,所以驱之内之於善”,则於祭祀之中,宗庙先祖则无可去取;至社稷配食者,若取句龙、后稷,上公有功是,内之善也。
○“二曰法则,以驭其官”者,法则谓官之制度。制度与在官为法则,使不僭差,亦所以驱之使入善也。
○“三曰废置,以驭其吏”者,谓有罪则废退之,有贤则举置而赞之,亦所以驱人於善也。
○“四曰禄位,以驭其士”者,士谓学士。学士有贤行、学业,则诏之以爵位、禄赏,亦是驱之於善也。
○“五曰赋贡,以驭其用”者,采地之民,口率出泉为赋,有井田之法,一夫之田,税入於官,官得之,节财用,亦是使人入善,故云以驭其用也。
○“六曰礼俗,以驭其民”者,俗谓昏姻之礼,旧所常行者为俗,还使民依行,使之入善,故云以驭其民。
○“七曰刑赏,以驭其威”者,谓有罪刑之,有功赏之,使人入善畏威,故云以驭其威。
○“八曰田役,以驭其众”者,谓采地之中,得田猎使役於民,皆当不夺农时,使人入善,故云以驭其众也。据此文,则卿大夫得田猎。而《春秋左氏传》郑大夫丰卷请田,子产不许者,彼常田之外,临祭取鲜,唯人君耳,大夫唯得常田。故《礼》云“大夫不掩群”,亦是常田。丰卷亦僭取鲜,故子产云:“唯君用鲜”,明大夫不合也。
○注“都之”至“学士”
○释曰(yue):上言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)邦(bang)国,则(ze)(ze)(ze)诸(zhu)经(jing)(jing)有邦(bang)国别(bie)(bie)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)(gu)(gu)解为(wei)“大曰(yue)邦(bang)、小曰(yue)国”。此采(cai)(cai)地(di)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)都鄙(bi)(bi),诸(zhu)文(wen)无或言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)都,或言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)鄙(bi)(bi)别(bie)(bie)号,故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“都之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)居曰(yue)鄙(bi)(bi)”。《大司徒》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“凡造都鄙(bi)(bi)”,郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“其(qi)(qi)(qi)界(jie)曰(yue)都;鄙(bi)(bi),所(suo)(suo)居也(ye)(ye)。”《春秋(qiu)传》曰(yue):“迁郑(zheng)焉(yan)而鄙(bi)(bi)留”,是(shi)鄙(bi)(bi)所(suo)(suo)居不(bu)(bu)(bu)迁也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“则(ze)(ze)(ze)亦法(fa)也(ye)(ye)。典(dian)(dian)、法(fa)、则(ze)(ze)(ze),所(suo)(suo)用异(yi),异(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)名也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)典(dian)(dian)法(fa)则(ze)(ze)(ze)三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)相训,其(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)既同(tong)(tong)。但邦(bang)国,言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)典(dian)(dian)官(guan)府言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)法(fa),都鄙(bi)(bi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)则(ze)(ze)(ze),是(shi)所(suo)(suo)用处异(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)别(bie)(bie)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)实义(yi)(yi)通也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“都鄙(bi)(bi),公(gong)卿(qing)(qing)大夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)邑(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《载师职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“家邑(yi)任(ren)(ren)稍(shao)地(di)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)大夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)也(ye)(ye);“小都任(ren)(ren)县(xian)地(di)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)六卿(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)也(ye)(ye);“大都任(ren)(ren)疆地(di)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)三公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)子(zi)(zi)弟所(suo)(suo)食(shi)邑(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亲王(wang)子(zi)(zi)、母弟与公(gong)同(tong)(tong)处而百里(li),次疏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)与六卿(qing)(qing)同(tong)(tong)处而五十里(li),次疏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)与大夫(fu)(fu)同(tong)(tong)处二(er)十五里(li)。案《礼(li)(li)记·礼(li)(li)运(yun)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天子(zi)(zi)有田以处其(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)孙。”郑(zheng)注《中庸》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“同(tong)(tong)姓虽恩不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong),义(yi)(yi)必同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)。尊重其(qi)(qi)(qi)禄(lu)位(wei)(wei),所(suo)(suo)以贵之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)必授以官(guan)守。”然则(ze)(ze)(ze)王(wang)子(zi)(zi)、母弟虽食(shi)采(cai)(cai)邑(yi),未必别(bie)(bie)有官(guan),有官(guan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)依公(gong)卿(qing)(qing)大夫(fu)(fu)食(shi)邑(yi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)假别(bie)(bie)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“周、召、毛(mao)、聃、毕、原之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),僖(xi)二(er)十四年《左传》,富辰云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“管、蔡、成阝、霍、鲁、卫、毛(mao)、聃、郜、雍、曹、滕(teng)、毕、原、丰(feng)、郇、文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)昭也(ye)(ye)。于(yu)阝、晋(jin)、应(ying)、韩,武之(zhi)(zhi)穆也(ye)(ye)。”今郑(zheng)直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)周、召、毛(mao)、聃、毕、原之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)在(zai)(zai)畿内(nei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀或在(zai)(zai)畿外,故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)尽言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证王(wang)子(zi)(zi)弟有采(cai)(cai)邑(yi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祭祀(si)(si)(si)其(qi)(qi)(qi)先君(jun)、社稷、五祀(si)(si)(si)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《孝(xiao)经(jing)(jing)·大夫(fu)(fu)章》不(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)社稷,则(ze)(ze)(ze)诸(zhu)侯(hou)卿(qing)(qing)大夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)王(wang)子(zi)(zi)母弟及三公(gong)称(cheng)诸(zhu)侯(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),五庙、五祀(si)(si)(si)、三社、三稷、,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)祀(si)(si)(si)先君(jun)、社稷、五祀(si)(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“法(fa)则(ze)(ze)(ze),其(qi)(qi)(qi)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)制度”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)宫室(shi)、车旗、衣服之(zhi)(zhi)等,皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得僭也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“禄(lu),若(ruo)今月(yue)(yue)奉(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)禄(lu)皆(jie)月(yue)(yue)别(bie)(bie)给(ji)之(zhi)(zhi),汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)奉(feng)(feng)亦月(yue)(yue)给(ji)之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)若(ruo)今月(yue)(yue)奉(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“位(wei)(wei),爵(jue)次也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)朝(chao)位(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)依爵(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)尊卑为(wei)次,则(ze)(ze)(ze)经(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)位(wei)(wei)据立,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)爵(jue)次也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“赋,口(kou)率出(chu)泉也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)文(wen)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)赋,职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赋相继而言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知赋即九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)赋,口(kou)率出(chu)泉也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“贡,功(gong)也(ye)(ye),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦约(yue)下(xia)文(wen)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)赋上言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)赋敛之(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)以《大府》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)赋、九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)功(gong)。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)功(gong)即九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)於此以贡为(wei)功(gong),是(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)出(chu)税也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)(li)俗,昏姻(yin)丧纪”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《曲礼(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“君(jun)子(zi)(zi)行礼(li)(li),不(bu)(bu)(bu)求变俗。”若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)醴(li),醮用酒,是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)一隅(yu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郑(zheng)司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),士(shi)谓(wei)学士(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“禄(lu)位(wei)(wei)以驭(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)士(shi)”,使进受禄(lu)位(wei)(wei),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知士(shi),学士(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
以八柄诏王驭群臣:一曰爵,以驭其贵;二曰禄,以驭其富;三曰予,以驭其幸;四曰置,以驭其行;五曰生,以驭其福;六曰夺,以驭其贫;七曰废,以驭其罪;八曰诛,以驭其过。(柄,所秉执以起事者也。诏,告也,助也。爵谓公、侯、伯、子、男、卿、大夫、士也。《诗》云“诲尔序爵”,言教王以贤否之第次也。班禄所以富臣下。《书》曰:“凡厥正人,既富方。”幸谓言行偶合於善,则有以赐予之,以劝後也。生犹养也。贤臣之老者,王有以养之。成王封伯禽於鲁,曰“生以养周公,死以为周公後”是也。五福,一曰寿。夺谓臣有大罪,没入家财者。六极,四曰贫。废犹放也,舜殛鲧于羽山是也。诛,责让也。《曲礼》曰“齿路马有诛”。凡言驭者,所以驱之内之於善。
○柄,兵命(ming)反(fan)(fan)。行,下孟反(fan)(fan),注同(tong)。殛,纪(ji)力反(fan)(fan)。鲧,古本反(fan)(fan)。驱,起俱反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“以八柄”至“其过”
○释曰:大宰以此八柄诏告于王驭群臣,馀条皆不言诏,独此与下八统言诏王者,馀并群臣职务常所依行,岁终致事,乃考知得失,此乃王所操持,王不独执,群臣佐之而已,故特言诏也。言“驭”者,此八者皆是驱群臣入善之事,故皆言驭也。
○“一曰爵,以驭其贵”者,《司士》云:“以德诏爵”,有贤乃受爵,是驭之以贵也。
○“二曰禄,以驭其富”者,《司士》云:“以功诏禄”,禄所以富臣下,故云以驭其富。
○“三曰予,以驭其幸”,谓言语偶合于善,有以赐予之,故云以驭其幸。
○“四曰置,以驭其行”者,有贤行,则置之于位,故云以驭其行。
○“五曰生,以驭其福”者,生犹养也。臣有大勋劳者,使子孙享养之,是福之道也。故云以驭其福。
○“六曰夺,以驭其贫”者,谓臣有大罪,身杀夺其家资,故云以驭其贫。
○“七曰废,以驭其众”者,废,放也。谓臣有大罪,若不忍刑杀,放之以远,故云以驭其罪。
○“八曰诛,以驭其过”者,臣有过失,非故为之者,诛,责也,则以言语责让之,故云以驭其过也。此经八事,自“五曰”已上,皆是善事,则大善者在前,小善者在後。自“六曰”已下,皆是恶事,则大恶者在前,小恶者在後。案《内史》亦言此八柄之事,唯“一曰爵,二曰禄”与此同,“三曰废,四曰置,五曰杀,六曰生,七曰予,八曰夺”,文乱,与此不同者,彼欲见事起无常,故所言不次也。又彼变诛言杀,欲见为恶不止则杀之;或可见此过失,则圜土之刑人也,出圜土则杀之,故《内史》变诛言杀也。且此中爵与禄、废与置皆别文,以王德为大,能明辨之,四者设文有别。八则中,爵禄及废置皆共文者,以其德小,不能辨故也。
○注“柄所”至“於善”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue):柄者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓八者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)若斧(fu)斤之(zhi)(zhi)柄,人所秉执以(yi)起事,故(gu)以(yi)柄言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)爵谓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)侯已下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见周法爵及命士。不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)孤(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),卿中(zhong)含之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)《考工记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“中(zhong)有(you)(you)九室,九卿朝(chao)焉。”九卿谓三孤(gu)(gu)六卿,是(shi)卿中(zhong)含孤(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。引(yin)《诗》“诲尔序(xu)爵”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《大(da)(da)雅·桑柔》诗,序(xu),是(shi)先後(hou)次(ci)(ci)第(di)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)。诲,教(jiao)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)教(jiao)王以(yi)贤否(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)第(di)次(ci)(ci)”也(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)引(yin)《书(shu)(shu)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)《尚书(shu)(shu)·洪(hong)范》之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)厥正(zheng)人,既富方(fang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),厥,其(qi)也(ye)(ye)。方(fang),道也(ye)(ye)。,善也(ye)(ye)。凡(fan)其(qi)正(zheng)直之(zhi)(zhi)人,既以(yi)爵禄富之(zhi)(zhi),又(you)(you)以(yi)善道接之(zhi)(zhi)、引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证以(yi)驭(yu)其(qi)富也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“成(cheng)王封伯禽於(wu)鲁,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)‘生(sheng)以(yi)养(yang)周公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),死以(yi)为(wei)周公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)後(hou)’是(shi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此并文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)十三年《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)》文(wen)。彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“周公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)拜(bai)乎前,鲁公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)拜(bai)乎後(hou),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)‘生(sheng)以(yi)养(yang)周公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),死以(yi)为(wei)周公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主’”。此云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“为(wei)周公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)後(hou)”,不(bu)(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑以(yi)义(yi)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五福(fu),一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)寿(shou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此亦《洪(hong)范》文(wen)。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证贤臣(chen)老,养(yang)之(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)五福(fu)一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)寿(shou),故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)驭(yu)其(qi)福(fu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“六极(ji),四曰(yue)(yue)(yue)贫”,亦《洪(hong)范》文(wen)。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证大(da)(da)罪夺之(zhi)(zhi)家资,以(yi)驭(yu)其(qi)贫也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“废犹放也(ye)(ye),舜殛(ji)鲧(gun)于羽(yu)山”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),鲧(gun)治(zhi)水(shui)九载,绩(ji)用不(bu)(bu)成(cheng)。殛(ji),诛(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)(ye)。羽(yu)山,东裔也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《曲礼》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)‘齿(chi)路马有(you)(you)诛(zhu)(zhu)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),齿(chi)谓年之(zhi)(zhi)。路马,君之(zhi)(zhi)所乘马。辄年之(zhi)(zhi)则有(you)(you)诛(zhu)(zhu)责(ze)。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证诛(zhu)(zhu)为(wei)言(yan)(yan)语责(ze)之(zhi)(zhi),非有(you)(you)刑罪也(ye)(ye)。
以八(ba)统(tong)诏(zhao)王(wang)驭万民:一(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)亲(qin)亲(qin),二曰(yue)(yue)(yue)敬故,三曰(yue)(yue)(yue)进贤,四曰(yue)(yue)(yue)使能,五曰(yue)(yue)(yue)保(bao)(bao)庸,六(liu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)尊(zun)贵(gui)(gui),七曰(yue)(yue)(yue)达吏(li),八(ba)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)礼宾(bin)。(统(tong),所(suo)以合牵(qian)以等(deng)物也(ye)。亲(qin)亲(qin),若尧(yao)亲(qin)九族也(ye)。敬故,不慢旧(jiu)也(ye)。晏平仲久而敬之(zhi)。贤,有德(de)行者。能,多才艺(yi)者。保(bao)(bao)庸,安有功者。尊(zun)贵(gui)(gui),尊(zun)天下(xia)之(zhi)贵(gui)(gui)者。《孟子》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“天下(xia)之(zhi)达尊(zun)者三:曰(yue)(yue)(yue)爵(jue)也(ye),德(de)也(ye),齿也(ye)。”《祭(ji)义》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“先王(wang)之(zhi)所(suo)以治天下(xia)者五:贵(gui)(gui)有德(de),贵(gui)(gui)贵(gui)(gui),贵(gui)(gui)老(lao),敬长(zhang),慈幼。”达吏(li),察(cha)举(ju)勤劳之(zhi)小(xiao)吏(li)也(ye)。礼宾(bin),宾(bin)客诸侯(hou),所(suo)以示民亲(qin)仁善邻(lin)。)
[疏]“以八统”至“礼宾”
○释曰:郑云“统,所以合牵以等物也”,此八者,民与在上同有。物,事也。谓牵下民,使与上合,皆有以等其事,上行之,下效之也,故以万民为主也。
○“一曰亲亲”者,君与民俱亲九族之亲。
○“二曰敬故”者,君与民皆须恭敬故旧朋友。
○“三曰进贤”者,有贤在下,君当招之,民当举之,是君民皆进贤也。
○“四曰使能”者,下有技能,君民共举任之。
○“五曰保庸”者,保,安也。庸,功也。有功者,上下俱赏之以禄,使心安也。
○“六曰尊贵”者,臣有贵者,君民共尊敬之。
○“七曰达吏”者,吏勤劳在民间,在下位不能自达者,进之於上而用之也。
○“八曰礼宾”者,天子待朝聘之宾,在下皆当礼於宾客。此八者,先亲亲,後宾客,亦是先後之次也。
○注“统所”至“善邻”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“亲(qin)(qin)(qin)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)谓(wei)若(ruo)尧亲(qin)(qin)(qin)九族(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尧典(dian)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“克明(ming)俊(jun)德,以(yi)(yi)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)九族(zu)”,则尧能任(ren)用俊(jun)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤以(yi)(yi)自(zi)辅,乃(nai)能亲(qin)(qin)(qin)九族(zu),上至(zhi)高祖,下(xia)及(ji)玄孙(sun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin)(qin)(qin),旁及(ji)五(wu)服,民(min)亦效之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而亲(qin)(qin)(qin)九族(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“敬(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)故(gu),不慢旧也(ye)(ye)(ye)”,引(yin)晏(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“久而敬(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)他(ta)人(ren)久敬(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),由平(ping)(ping)(ping)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)於他(ta)人(ren),善(shan)在平(ping)(ping)(ping)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。故(gu)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)引(yin)尧,敬(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)故(gu)引(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),欲见(jian)上下(xia)通(tong)有(you),是以(yi)(yi)《伐(fa)木(mu)》诗是文王(wang)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“贤,有(you)德行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。能,多才艺”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《乡大(da)夫》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“兴贤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),“出使(shi)长(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”;兴能者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),“入使(shi)治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。是贤有(you)六(liu)德、六(liu)行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。能者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),直(zhi)六(liu)艺而已。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“尊贵(gui)(gui),尊天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贵(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)天下(xia)有(you)贵(gui)(gui)皆尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《孟子(zi)》曰(yue):天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)达尊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三”,谓(wei)三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)天下(xia)通(tong)达行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即爵、德、齿也(ye)(ye)(ye)。爵,即经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)贤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)大(da)夫、能者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)士。皆是用德为(wei)爵,证经任(ren)贤能也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“齿也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若(ruo)《党(dang)正(zheng)》饮酒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),六(liu)十已上在堂,上以(yi)(yi)齿,此连(lian)引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),於经无(wu)所(suo)当也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《祭义(yi)》曰(yue),先王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)治天下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五(wu),贵(gui)(gui)有(you)德”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即举贤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“贵(gui)(gui)贵(gui)(gui)”即尊贵(gui)(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“贵(gui)(gui)老”、“敬(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)长(zhang)”、“慈(ci)幼(you)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)於经无(wu)所(suo)当,亦连(lian)引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“达吏(li)(li),察举勤(qin)劳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)吏(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),小(xiao)吏(li)(li)在民(min)间,谓(wei)若(ruo)比长(zhang)、闾(lv)胥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),虽(sui)小(xiao)吏(li)(li),堪(kan)任(ren)大(da)官(guan),故(gu)察举用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)宾(bin),宾(bin)客(ke)诸侯”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若(ruo)《大(da)行(xing)人(ren)》上公、侯、伯、子(zi)、男(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),皆为(wei)等(deng)级以(yi)(yi)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是宾(bin)客(ke)诸侯也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“所(suo)以(yi)(yi)示民(min)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)仁(ren)善(shan)邻”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亲(qin)(qin)(qin)仁(ren)善(shan)邻,《左(zuo)氏(shi)》隐公六(liu)年陈五(wu)父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞。亲(qin)(qin)(qin)仁(ren)善(shan)邻,则当礼(li)宾(bin),故(gu)引(yin)以(yi)(yi)证礼(li)宾(bin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以九职任万民:一曰三农,生九;二曰园圃,毓草木;三曰虞衡,作山泽之材;四曰薮牧,养蕃鸟兽;五曰百工,饬化八材;六曰商贾,阜通货贿;七曰嫔妇,化治丝;八曰臣妾,聚敛疏材;九曰间民,无常职,转移执事。(任犹亻事也。郑司农云:“三农,平地、山、泽也。九,黍、稷、秫、稻、麻、大小豆、大小麦。八材,珠曰切,象曰差,玉曰琢,石曰磨,木曰刻,金曰镂,革曰剥,羽曰析。间民,谓无事业者,转移为人执事,若今佣赁也。”玄谓三农,原、隰及平地。九无秫、大麦,而有粱、菰。树果曰圃,园其樊也。虞衡,掌山泽之官,主山泽之民者。泽无水曰薮。牧,牧田,在远郊,皆畜牧之地。行曰商,处曰贾。阜,盛也。金玉曰货,布帛曰贿。嫔,妇人之美称也。《尧典》曰:“降二女嫔于虞。”臣妾,男女贫贱之称。晋惠公卜怀公之生,曰:“将生一男一女,男为人臣,女为人妾。”生而名其男曰圉,女曰妾。及怀公质於秦,妾为宦女焉。疏材,百草根实可食者。疏不熟曰馑。
○圃,布(bu)古(gu)反(fan)(fan),又音(yin)布(bu)。毓(yu),古(gu)育字(zi)。薮,速苟反(fan)(fan)。牧(mu),牧(mu)养(yang)之牧(mu),徐(xu)音(yin)目,刘(liu)音(yin)茂。蕃,扶元反(fan)(fan)。饬,音(yin)敕。贾,音(yin)古(gu),下(xia)注同。间,音(yin)闲。秫,音(yin)述(shu)。差,七何(he)反(fan)(fan)。琢,陟(zhi)角反(fan)(fan)。镂,娄豆反(fan)(fan)。为人,于伪反(fan)(fan)。佣,音(yin)容。赁,女鸩反(fan)(fan)。,音(yin)瓜,胡也,字(zi)或作(zuo)菰。,力果反(fan)(fan)。樊,如字(zi),又方元反(fan)(fan)。畜,许又反(fan)(fan)。又许六反(fan)(fan)。称,尺证(zheng)反(fan)(fan),下(xia)同。厘(li),力之反(fan)(fan)。圉,鱼吕反(fan)(fan),养(yang)马(ma)曰圉。质,猪二反(fan)(fan)。疏(shu)不(bu),色居反(fan)(fan),菜(cai)也,刘(liu)音(yin)苏。馑,其靳反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“以九职”至“执事”
○释曰:此九者,皆是民之职业,故云“万民”也。
○“一曰三农,生九”者,言三农,谓农民於原、隰及平地三处营种,故云三农生九也。
○“二曰园圃,毓草木”者,此圃,即《载师》所云“场圃任园地”,谓在田畔树菜蔬果者,故云毓草木也。
○“三曰虞衡,作山泽之材”者,谓任山泽之民,所作事业,材木而已。
○“四曰薮牧,养蕃鸟兽”者,谓在薮牧之民事业,使之长养蕃滋飞鸟走兽而已。
○“五曰百工,饬化八材”者,谓百种巧作之工,所为事业,变化八材为器物饬之而已。饬,勤也,勤力以化八材。
○“六曰商贾,阜通货贿”者,谓商贾之家,所为事业,通货贿,使之阜盛。
○“七曰嫔妇,化治丝”者,嫔妇谓国中妇人有德行者。治理变化丝,以为布帛之等也。
○“八曰臣妾,聚敛疏材”者,谓男女贫贱号为臣妾者,所为事业,聚敛百草根实而已。
○“九曰间民,无常职,转移执事”者,其人为性不营己业,为间民而好与人佣赁,非止一家,转移为人执事,以此为业者耳。
○注“任犹”至“曰馑”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“任犹亻事也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亻事谓(wei)立(li)也(ye),使(shi)民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业得立(li)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“郑(zheng)(zheng)司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘三(san)(san)农(nong),平地(di)(di)(di)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)、泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)也(ye)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)积石曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)山(shan)(shan)(shan),水(shui)锺(zhong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze),不(bu)(bu)生九(jiu)(jiu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“九(jiu)(jiu),黍(shu)、稷、秫(shu)、稻、麻、大(da)小豆(dou)(dou)、大(da)小麦”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此九(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)秫(shu)、大(da)麦而(er)有(you)(you)粱(liang)、菰(gu)。八材云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“珠曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)切”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia),并《尔雅》文(wen)(wen)(wen),皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)治器(qi)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)。然(ran)(ran)今《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“骨曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)切”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),盖司农(nong)读《尔雅》本作(zuo)(zuo)“珠”也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“玄(xuan)谓(wei)三(san)(san)农(nong),原(yuan)(yuan)、隰及(ji)(ji)平地(di)(di)(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尔雅》“高平曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)(yuan),下(xia)(xia)湿曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隰”,原(yuan)(yuan)及(ji)(ji)平地(di)(di)(di)可(ke)种(zhong)(zhong)黍(shu)、稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),隰中(zhong)可(ke)种(zhong)(zhong)稻麦及(ji)(ji)菰(gu)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“九(jiu)(jiu)无(wu)(wu)(wu)秫(shu)、大(da)麦而(er)有(you)(you)粱(liang)、菰(gu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)秫(shu)为(wei)赤粟,与(yu)稷黏疏(shu)为(wei)异(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。大(da)麦所(suo)用处少,故(gu)(gu)(gu)亦去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。必知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)粱(liang)菰(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。下(xia)(xia)《食(shi)(shi)医》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),凡膳食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi),有(you)(you)“犬宜(yi)粱(liang),鱼宜(yi)菰(gu)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)粱(liang)菰(gu)也(ye)。且前七(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),依《月令(ling)》,麦属(shu)(shu)东方(fang),黍(shu)属(shu)(shu)南(nan)方(fang),麻属(shu)(shu)西方(fang),豆(dou)(dou)属(shu)(shu)北(bei)方(fang),稷属(shu)(shu)中(zhong)央,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)黍(shu)、稷、麻、豆(dou)(dou)、麦。稻与(yu)小豆(dou)(dou)所(suo)用处多,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)稻、有(you)(you)小豆(dou)(dou)也(ye)。必知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《生民(min)(min)(min)》诗(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“艺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戎菽”。戎菽、大(da)豆(dou)(dou),后稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)殖(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“树果曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)圃,园其(qi)(qi)樊(fan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《汉书·食(shi)(shi)货(huo)志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“田(tian)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)得有(you)(you)树,用妨五,环庐树桑麻、菜(cai)茹、瓜(gua)瓠、果。”应劭(shao)(shao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“木(mu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)果,草(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。”张晏(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“有(you)(you)核(he)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)果,无(wu)(wu)(wu)核(he)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。”臣瓒曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“木(mu)上曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)果,地(di)(di)(di)上曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。”劭(shao)(shao)与(yu)瓒义(yi)同,晏(yan)独(du)异(yi)也(ye)。案(an)《载(zai)师(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“场圃任园地(di)(di)(di)”,则(ze)圃在(zai)园中(zhong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“树果曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)圃,园其(qi)(qi)樊(fan)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“折柳樊(fan)圃”,谓(wei)与(yu)圃为(wei)樊(fan),樊(fan),其(qi)(qi)蕃蔽(bi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)衡(heng)(heng),掌(zhang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),主山(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)》,掌(zhang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),掌(zhang)川林者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衡(heng)(heng),则(ze)衡(heng)(heng)不(bu)(bu)掌(zhang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)。而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)衡(heng)(heng)作(zuo)(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲互举(ju)以(yi)(yi)见(jian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)兼有(you)(you)川林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)材也(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)既云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)衡(heng)(heng)掌(zhang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),复(fu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见(jian)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)衡(heng)(heng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan),非(fei)(fei)出(chu)税之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)无(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming),号故(gu)(gu)(gu)借虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)衡(heng)(heng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)以(yi)(yi)表其(qi)(qi)民(min)(min)(min)。所(suo)任者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),任山(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)万(wan)民(min)(min)(min)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),非(fei)(fei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)任出(chu)税之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物,但(dan)主山(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)薮(sou)(sou)(sou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)·泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、大(da)薮(sou)(sou)(sou),薮(sou)(sou)(sou)、泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)别言。《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“叔在(zai)薮(sou)(sou)(sou),火烈(lie)具(ju)举(ju)。”薮(sou)(sou)(sou)若(ruo)有(you)(you)水(shui),不(bu)(bu)得田(tian)猎,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)薮(sou)(sou)(sou)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“牧(mu)(mu)(mu),牧(mu)(mu)(mu)田(tian),在(zai)远郊”,知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)《载(zai)师(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“牧(mu)(mu)(mu)田(tian)赏(shang)田(tian)任远郊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“皆畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)薮(sou)(sou)(sou)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)。案(an)《载(zai)师(shi)职(zhi)》郑(zheng)(zheng)注:“牧(mu)(mu)(mu)田(tian),畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家所(suo)受田(tian)也(ye)。”非(fei)(fei)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)。此解违者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但(dan)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)六畜(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)无(wu)(wu)(wu)文(wen)(wen)(wen),郑(zheng)(zheng)约与(yu)家人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)受田(tian)处即有(you)(you)六畜(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)在(zai)远郊也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“行(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)商(shang),处曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)贾”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),诸官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)贾人(ren)(ren)(ren),无(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)法,故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)处。《易(yi)·复(fu)象》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“至日闭(bi)关,商(shang)旅不(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)商(shang)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“金(jin)玉(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)货(huo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《食(shi)(shi)货(huo)志》,王莽居摄,“更(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)金(jin)、银、龟、贝、钱、布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi),名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)宝货(huo)”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自然(ran)(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)货(huo)也(ye)。《聘礼》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“贿用束纺(fang)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)为(wei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)贿也(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran),《王制》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“锦(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)珠玉(yu)(yu),不(bu)(bu)粥(zhou)于(yu)市(shi)”,此商(shang)贾得通(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)市(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)据珠玉(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)锦(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),或(huo)彼(bi)异(yi)代礼也(ye)。案(an)《左(zuo)(zuo)氏》襄十五年,宋人(ren)(ren)(ren)献(xian)玉(yu)(yu)于(yu)子(zi)罕,子(zi)罕置(zhi)诸其(qi)(qi)里,使(shi)玉(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),富(fu),而(er)後(hou)(hou)使(shi)复(fu)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)。服氏云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“富(fu),卖玉(yu)(yu)得富(fu)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)得粥(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“嫔,妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美称(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)国中(zhong)妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)德行(xing)(xing),故(gu)(gu)(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)嫔。引《尧典》“厘降二女嫔于(yu)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见(jian)嫔是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)美称(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)耳(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“臣妾(qie)(qie),男(nan)女贫贱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)(cheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),或(huo)奴戮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馀胤,或(huo)背德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)质子(zi),晋卫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)男(nan)女皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)引晋惠以(yi)(yi)释之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“晋惠”已下(xia)(xia),皆《左(zuo)(zuo)氏传》僖(xi)十七(qi)年:夏,晋大(da)子(zi)圉(yu)为(wei)质于(yu)秦(qin),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“惠公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)粱(liang),粱(liang)伯妻(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。粱(liang)嬴(ying)孕,过期,卜招父(fu)与(yu)其(qi)(qi)子(zi)卜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)子(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘将(jiang)生一男(nan)一女。’招曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘然(ran)(ran),男(nan)为(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)臣,女为(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)妾(qie)(qie)。’及(ji)(ji)生,男(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)圉(yu),女曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)妾(qie)(qie)。”注:“养(yang)马曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)圉(yu),不(bu)(bu)聘曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)妾(qie)(qie)。”後(hou)(hou)子(zi)圉(yu)西质,妾(qie)(qie)为(wei)宦女是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。此郑(zheng)(zheng)与(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)异(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)义(yi)增之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“疏(shu)材,百草(cao)根实”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),百草(cao)或(huo)取根,谓(wei)若(ruo)菱芡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu);或(huo)取实,谓(wei)若(ruo)榛(zhen)栗(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu),皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根实可(ke)食(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“疏(shu)不(bu)(bu)熟曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)馑(jin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“不(bu)(bu)熟为(wei)饥(ji),疏(shu)不(bu)(bu)熟为(wei)馑(jin),疏(shu)皆不(bu)(bu)熟,则(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)荒。”
以九赋敛财贿:一曰邦中之赋,二曰四郊之赋,三曰邦甸之赋,四曰家削之赋,五曰邦县之赋,六曰邦都之赋,七曰关之赋,八曰山泽之赋,九曰弊馀之赋。(财,泉也。郑司农云“邦中之赋,二十而税一,各有差也。弊馀。百工之馀”。玄谓赋,口率出泉也。今之泉,民或谓之赋,此其旧名与?乡大夫以岁时登其夫家之众寡,辨其可任者,国中自七尺以及六十,野自六尺以及六十有五,皆征之。《遂师》之职亦云“以徵其财征”,皆谓此赋也。邦中,在城郭者。四郊去国百里,邦甸二百里,家削三百里,邦县四百里,邦都五百里。此平民也。关、山泽谓占会百物,弊馀谓占卖国中之斥弊,皆末作当增赋者,若今贾人倍矣。自邦中以至币馀,各入其所有物,以当赋泉之数。每处为一书,所待异也。
○削,本亦作(zuo)稍,又作(zuo)肖阝(fu),所(suo)教反。徐所(suo)召反。弊,郑(zheng)婢(bi)世反,干必世反。名与(yu),音馀。乡大夫,刘音香。处(chu),昌虑反,後可以意求(qiu)。)
[疏]“以九”至“之赋”
○释曰:云“以九赋敛财贿”者,此赋谓口率出泉,其处有九,故云九也。既云赋得口率出泉,则财贿非泉。而云敛财贿者,计口出泉,无泉者取财贿,以当泉之赋,故云“敛财贿”也。
○“一曰邦中之赋”者,谓国中之民出泉也。
○“二曰四郊之赋”者,计远郊百里之内,民所用出泉也。
○“三曰邦甸之赋”者,谓郊外曰甸,百里之外、二百里之内,民所出泉也。
○“四曰家削之赋”者,谓三百里之内地名削,其中有大夫采地,谓之家,故名家削。大夫采地中,赋税入大夫家。但大夫家采地外,其地为公邑,公邑之内,其民出泉,入王家,故举家稍以表公邑之民也。
○“五曰邦县之赋”者,四百里地名县,有小都,赋入采地之主。其中公邑之民出泉,入王家也。
○“六曰邦都之赋”者,其五百里中有大都。大都采地,其赋入主。外为公邑,其中民所出泉,入王家也。
○“七曰关之赋”者,王畿四面,皆有关门,及王之廛二处,其民之赋口税,所得之泉也。
○“八曰山泽之赋”者,谓山泽之中财物,山泽之民以时入而取之,出税以当邦赋,所税得之物,贮之而官未用,有人占会取之,为官出息。此人口税出泉,谓之山泽之赋也。
○“九曰弊馀之赋”者,谓为国营造,用物有馀,并归之於职币,得之不入府藏,则有人取之,为官出泉,此人亦口税出泉,谓之币馀之赋。然关、山泽、币馀不出上六处,而特言者,以其末作,当增赋故也。
○注“财泉”至“异也”
○释曰(yue):知财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)得(de)为(wei)泉(quan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见《外(wai)府(fu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)掌邦(bang)(bang)布(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)入,赐予之(zhi)(zhi)财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)知财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)(zhong)有泉(quan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又知财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)(zhong)有者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《礼(li)记·丧大(da)(da)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“纳财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),朝一(yi)(yi)溢米”,米即是(shi),故(gu)(gu)知财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)(zhong)有也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“郑(zheng)(zheng)司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun),邦(bang)(bang)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),二(er)(er)十(shi)而(er)税(shui)一(yi)(yi),各有差也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)约《载师(shi)(shi)》园廛(chan)二(er)(er)十(shi)而(er)一(yi)(yi),近(jin)(jin)郊十(shi)一(yi)(yi),远郊二(er)(er)十(shi)而(er)三,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“各有差”。後郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)关(guan)、山(shan)泽(ze)(ze)、币(bi)馀(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),皆无(wu)地(di)税(shui),即上(shang)(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)邦(bang)(bang)中(zhong)(zhong)四郊之(zhi)(zhi)等,亦(yi)非地(di)税(shui),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)从(cong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“币(bi)馀(yu)(yu),百(bai)(bai)工(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)馀(yu)(yu)”,後郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)是(shi)百(bai)(bai)工(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)馀(yu)(yu),当(dang)归之(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)(zhi)币(bi),何有税(shui)乎?云(yun)(yun)(yun)“玄谓赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),口(kou)(kou)率出(chu)泉(quan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《大(da)(da)府(fu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)九(jiu)贡(gong)、九(jiu)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、九(jiu)功各别(bie)。又见《司会》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)贡(gong)致邦(bang)(bang)国之(zhi)(zhi)财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)令田野(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)功令民(min)职(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)”,贡(gong)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)及功各别(bie),赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)口(kou)(kou)泉(quan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)(zheng)君引(yin)汉(han)法(fa)(fa):民(min)年十(shi)五(wu)已(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)至五(wu)十(shi)六,出(chu)口(kou)(kou)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)钱,人(ren)(ren)(ren)百(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)。故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)於此(ci)(ci)注亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“今之(zhi)(zhi)泉(quan),民(min)或谓之(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),此(ci)(ci)其旧名与?”又引(yin)《乡大(da)(da)夫(fu)》“以(yi)(yi)(yi)岁(sui)时登其夫(fu)家”已(yi)(yi)下及《遂师(shi)(shi)职(zhi)(zhi)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见征赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)一(yi)(yi),皆是(shi)口(kou)(kou)率出(chu)泉(quan),破司农(nong)为(wei)地(di)税(shui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“邦(bang)(bang)中(zhong)(zhong),在(zai)城郭”已(yi)(yi)下,至五(wu)百(bai)(bai)里,此(ci)(ci)皆约《载师(shi)(shi)》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)远郊甸地(di)、削地(di)、县地(di)、疆地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)等,远近(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)差。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)平(ping)民(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓“六曰(yue)”已(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),皆是(shi)平(ping)善之(zhi)(zhi)民(min),先(xian)王以(yi)(yi)(yi)农(nong)为(wei)本,故(gu)(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)民(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。对“七(qi)曰(yue)”已(yi)(yi)下非农(nong)民(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)末作也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“关(guan)山(shan)泽(ze)(ze)谓占会百(bai)(bai)物(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓关(guan)上(shang)(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)货(huo)出(chu)入,有税(shui)物(wu)(wu);若(ruo)泉(quan)府(fu)廛(chan)布(bu)总布(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)等,亦(yi)有税(shui)物(wu)(wu);山(shan)泽(ze)(ze),民(min)人(ren)(ren)(ren)入山(shan)泽(ze)(ze)取(qu)(qu)财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),亦(yi)有税(shui)物(wu)(wu)。此(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)(ren)占会百(bai)(bai)物(wu)(wu),为(wei)官出(chu)息。“币(bi)馀(yu)(yu),谓占卖国中(zhong)(zhong)斥(chi)币(bi)”,斥(chi)币(bi),谓此(ci)(ci)物(wu)(wu)不(bu)入大(da)(da)府(fu),指(zhi)斥(chi)出(chu)而(er)卖之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)名斥(chi)币(bi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“当(dang)增赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓口(kou)(kou)率出(chu)泉(quan)增於上(shang)(shang)农(nong)民(min),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)今贾人(ren)(ren)(ren)倍矣”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“自邦(bang)(bang)中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)至币(bi)馀(yu)(yu),各入其所有物(wu)(wu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)当(dang)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)泉(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)数”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)经云(yun)(yun)(yun)敛财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)贿(hui),财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)贿(hui)即是(shi)物(wu)(wu),取(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)当(dang)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)泉(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)数,若(ruo)汉(han)法(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)百(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“每(mei)处(chu)(chu)为(wei)一(yi)(yi)书,所待异也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)九(jiu)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)所得(de)财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)物(wu)(wu),给下九(jiu)式(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)用(yong),九(jiu)式(shi)(shi)用(yong)处(chu)(chu)不(bu)同,故(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)九(jiu)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)分为(wei)九(jiu)处(chu)(chu),是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)每(mei)一(yi)(yi)处(chu)(chu)为(wei)一(yi)(yi)书,以(yi)(yi)(yi)待其出(chu),式(shi)(shi)谓用(yong)财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)节度,是(shi)所待异也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以九式均节财用:一曰祭祀之式,二曰宾客之式,三曰丧荒之式,四曰羞服之式,五曰工事之式,六曰币帛之式,七曰刍秣之式,八曰匪颁之式,九曰好用之式。(式谓用财之节度。荒,凶年也。羞,饮食之物也。工,作器物者。币帛,所以赠劳宾客者。刍秣,养牛马禾也。郑司农云:“匪,分也。颁读为班布之班,谓班赐也。”玄谓王所分赐群臣也。好用,燕好所赐予。
○羞服,干云“羞,饮(yin)食也。服,车服也。服或作膳(shan)。”刍,初俱反(fan)(fan)。颁(ban),郑音班,徐音坟。好(hao),呼报反(fan)(fan),注同。劳,力(li)报反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“以九”至“之式”
○释曰:云“以九式均节财用”者,式谓依常多少,用财法式也。
○“一曰祭祀之式”者,谓若大祭、次祭用大牢,小祭用特牲之类。
○“二曰宾客之式”者,谓若上公饔饩九牢、飧五牢、五积之类。
○“三曰丧荒之式”者,丧谓若诸侯诸臣之丧,含礻遂赠奠赙之类。王家之丧,所用大,非此所共也。荒谓凶年不孰,有所施与也。
○“四曰羞服之式”者,谓王之膳羞衣服所用也。
○“五曰工事之式”者,谓百工巧作器物之法。
○“六曰币帛之式”者,谓若赠劳宾客也。
○“七曰刍秣之式”者,谓牛马禾也。
○“八曰匪颁之式”者,谓若分赐群臣也。
○“九曰好用之式”者,燕好所施予也。此九者,亦依尊卑缓急为先後之次也。
○注“式谓”至“赐予”
○释曰:云(yun)“荒(huang),凶(xiong)年(nian)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),《曲礼(li)》云(yun)“岁凶(xiong),年(nian)不登”,是凶(xiong)年(nian)也(ye)。云(yun)“羞(xiu),饮(yin)(yin)(yin)食之物也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若《膳(shan)夫》饮(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)六(liu)清、食用(yong)六(liu)、酱(jiang)用(yong)百(bai)有二十(shi)等(deng)之类。云(yun)“工,作(zuo)(zuo)器物者(zhe)(zhe)”,若《考工》所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)器物也(ye)。云(yun)“币(bi)帛,所(suo)(suo)以赠劳宾客者(zhe)(zhe)”,谓(wei)若《司仪职》上公三(san)问、三(san)劳之等(deng),皆(jie)有束帛。《聘礼(li)》贿用(yong)束纺(fang)。云(yun)“刍秣,养牛(niu)马(ma)禾”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若《聘礼(li)》致饔饩(xi)刍禾之等(deng)也(ye)。云(yun)“玄谓(wei)王所(suo)(suo)分赐(ci)群臣”者(zhe)(zhe),就足(zu)司农班赐(ci)之义也(ye)。云(yun)“好(hao)用(yong),燕好(hao)所(suo)(suo)赐(ci)予”者(zhe)(zhe),以其言好(hao),则(ze)知是燕饮(yin)(yin)(yin)有所(suo)(suo)爱(ai)好(hao),自(zi)因欢乐(le),则(ze)有赐(ci)予也(ye)。
以九贡致邦国之用:一曰祀贡,二曰嫔贡,三曰器贡,四曰币贡,五曰材贡,六曰货贡,七曰服贡,八曰ヵ贡,九曰物贡。(嫔,故书作宾。郑司农云“祀贡,牺牲包茅之属。宾贡,皮帛之属。器贡,宗庙之器。币贡,绣帛。材贡,木材也。货贡,珠贝自然之物也。服贡,祭服。ヵ贡,羽毛。物贡,九州之外,各以其所贵为挚。肃慎氏贡苦矢之属是也。”玄谓嫔贡,丝。器贡,银铁石磬丹漆也。币贡,玉马皮帛也。材贡,熏栝柏┠也。货贡,金玉龟贝也。服贡,也。游,读如囿游之游。游贡,燕好珠玑琅也。物贡,杂物鱼盐橘柚。
○嫔,郑音(yin)(yin)频。司(si)农音(yin)(yin)宾(bin)。贽,音(yin)(yin)至,本亦(yi)作挚(zhi)。苦,音(yin)(yin)户。熏,敕(chi)伦反(fan)。,古旦反(fan)。┠,西(xi)了反(fan)。,火党反(fan)。,敕(chi)其反(fan)。,直吕反(fan)。玑,徐音(yin)(yin)畿,刘音(yin)(yin)其既反(fan),一音(yin)(yin)机。琅,音(yin)(yin)郎。音(yin)(yin)干。柚,羊(yang)救反(fan),一音(yin)(yin)羊(yang)受反(fan),或音(yin)(yin)喻。)
[疏]“以九贡”至“物贡”
○释曰:云“致邦国之用”者,谓此贡,诸侯邦国岁之常贡,则《小行人》云今春入贡是也。《大行人》云“侯服岁一见,其贡祀物。”彼谓因朝而贡,与此别也。但诸侯国内得民税,大国贡半,次国三之一,小国四之一。所贡者,市取当国所出美物,则《禹贡》所云“厥篚”、“厥贡”之类是也。
○注“嫔故”至“橘柚”
○释曰:言(yan)“故书(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)《周礼》时(shi)有(you)(you)(you)数本。刘向未校之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian),或在山岩石(shi)室有(you)(you)(you)古文(wen)(wen),考校後(hou)为(wei)今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)。古今(jin)(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同,郑(zheng)(zheng)据(ju)(ju)(ju)今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)注(zhu),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“故书(shu)作(zuo)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)九贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),皆是诸(zhu)(zhu)侯宾(bin)(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)特以(yi)(yi)一(yi)事(shi)为(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)非也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若言(yan)嫔贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)谓(wei)丝(si),堪为(wei)妇人所(suo)作(zuo)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祀贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),牺(xi)牲包(bao)茅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe),按《礼记·礼器(qi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“三牲、鱼腊(la),九州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美物(wu)(wu)”,故知(zhi)祀贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)牺(xi)牲也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案僖公四年,齐责楚“包(bao)茅不(bu)(bu)(bu)入,王祭(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)共(gong),无以(yi)(yi)缩酒”,故知(zhi)祀贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中有(you)(you)(you)包(bao)茅。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宾(bin)(bin)(bin)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)皮(pi)帛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”,後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)从嫔不(bu)(bu)(bu)从宾(bin)(bin)(bin),如上(shang)(shang)释也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“器(qi)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),宗庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe),大行人因(yin)朝(chao)而(er)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe),得(de)有(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)(cheng)器(qi),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)岁(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)有(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)(cheng)器(qi),故後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“币(bi)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),绣帛”者(zhe)(zhe),《禹贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》有(you)(you)(you)“厥(jue)篚(fei)织贝(bei)(bei)”及(ji)“玄纤缟”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,故知(zhi)币(bi)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中有(you)(you)(you)绣帛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“材贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),木材也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),案《禹贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》中有(you)(you)(you)“惟木”,故知(zhi)材贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中有(you)(you)(you)木材也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“货贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),珠(zhu)贝(bei)(bei)自(zi)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),亦据(ju)(ju)(ju)《食货志》为(wei)说。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“服贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),祭(ji)服”者(zhe)(zhe),後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)从,以(yi)(yi)大行人因(yin)朝(chao)而(er)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),有(you)(you)(you)祭(ji)服,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)岁(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)有(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)(cheng)服。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“游(you)(you)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),羽(yu)毛”者(zhe)(zhe),亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)从者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)游(you)(you)据(ju)(ju)(ju)人宴好,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)据(ju)(ju)(ju)物(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)生(sheng)称,故不(bu)(bu)(bu)从也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“物(wu)(wu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),九州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),各以(yi)(yi)其(qi)所(suo)贵(gui)为(wei)挚”,又引肃慎氏贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)苦矢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)九州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)世一(yi)见,无此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)岁(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玄谓(wei)嫔贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),丝(si)”者(zhe)(zhe),丝(si),青州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)破先郑(zheng)(zheng)为(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“器(qi)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),银铁(tie)石(shi)磬丹漆也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),银铁(tie),梁州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong);漆,兖(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong);石(shi)即(ji)(ji)砺砥,荆(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong);磬即(ji)(ji)泗滨(bin)浮磬,徐(xu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“币(bi)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),玉马皮(pi)帛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),《禹贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》尧(yao)时(shi)无贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)马法(fa),《觐礼》诸(zhu)(zhu)侯享礼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“匹马卓上(shang)(shang),九马随之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,周则有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。玉,即(ji)(ji)球(qiu)琳。皮(pi),即(ji)(ji)熊罴(pi)狐(hu)狸,并雍州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。帛,即(ji)(ji)织贝(bei)(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,杨州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)增成(cheng)(cheng)先郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“材贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),熏括(kuo)柏┠也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),并荆(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)亦增成(cheng)(cheng)先郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“货贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),金(jin)(jin)玉龟贝(bei)(bei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),亦增成(cheng)(cheng)先郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。龟出九江(jiang),荆(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。玉,即(ji)(ji)球(qiu)琳,亦雍州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。金(jin)(jin),即(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)三品及(ji)贝(bei)(bei),杨州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“服贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),豫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“ヵ读为(wei)囿游(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)游(you)(you)。游(you)(you)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),燕好珠(zhu)玑琅也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)破先郑(zheng)(zheng)物(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)生(sheng)名为(wei)羽(yu)毛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。珠(zhu),即(ji)(ji)珠(zhu),徐(xu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。玑,即(ji)(ji)玑组,荆(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。琅,雍州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“物(wu)(wu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),杂物(wu)(wu)鱼盐橘(ju)柚”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)亦破先郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。鱼,即(ji)(ji)暨鱼,徐(xu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。盐,青州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。橘(ju)柏,荆(jing)杨所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。已上(shang)(shang)所(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu),皆据(ju)(ju)(ju)《禹贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》而(er)言(yan)。
以九两系邦国之名:一曰牧,以地得民;二曰长,以贵得民;三曰师,以贤得民;四曰儒,以道得民;五曰宗,以族得民;六曰主,以利得民;七曰吏,以治得民;八曰友,以任得民;九曰薮,以富得民。(两犹耦也,所以协耦万民。系,联缀也。牧,州长也。九州各有封域,以居民也。长,诸侯也,一邦之贵,民所仰也。师,诸侯师氏,有德行以教民者。儒,诸侯保氏,有六艺以教民者。宗,继别为大宗,收族者。郑司农云“主谓公卿大夫,世世食采不绝,民税薄利之。”玄谓:利,读如“上思利民”之利,谓以政教利之。吏,小吏在乡邑者。友谓同井相合耦锄作者。《孟子》曰:“乡田同井,出入相友,守望相助,疾病相扶,则百姓亲睦。”薮亦有虞,掌其政令,为之厉禁,使其地之民,守其材物。以时入于王府,颁其馀於万民。富谓薮中材物。
○系(xi),音计(ji)。治(zhi),直吏(li)反,下(xia)注王治(zhi)、凡治(zhi)、视治(zhi)皆同。薮,干云:“宜作叟。”行,下(xia)孟(meng)反。锄,音助。)
[疏]“以九”至“得民”
○释曰:言“邦国”,即据诸侯及万民而言。谓王者於邦国之中立法,使诸侯与民相合耦而联缀,不使离散,有九事,故云“以九两系邦国之民”也。
○“一曰牧,以地得民”者,谓畿外八州之中,州别立一州牧,使侯伯有功德者为之,使统领二百一十国。以有一州土地集安万民,故云“牧,以地得民”也。
○“二曰长,以贵得民”者,谓一国立诸侯,与民为君长,是一国之贵,民所仰效,而民归之,故云“以贵得民”也。
○“三曰师,以贤得民”者,谓诸侯已下,立教学之官为师氏,以有三德、三行,使学子归之,故云“以贤得民”,民则学子是也。
○“四曰儒,以道得民”者,诸侯师氏之下,又置一保氏之官,不与天子保氏同名,故号曰“儒”。掌养国子以道德,故云“以道得民”,民亦谓学子也。
○“五曰宗,以族得民”者,谓大宗子与族食族燕,序以昭穆,故云“以族得民”,民即族人也。
○“六曰主,以利得民”者,主谓大夫,宣君政教,以利得民,民则采邑之民也。
○“七曰吏,以治得民”者,吏在民间,若比长、闾胥,有以治政之所得民。
○“八曰友,以任得民”者,言以任,则非同门之朋友,谓在田里之间相佐助,以相任使而得民,即邻伍聚居者。
○“九曰薮,以富得民”者,以上八者皆据人而言,此一者不据人而言薮者,见民之所居之处,利益於人,泽薮之中,多有材物。以富得民,举薮而言,则山泽之等,皆有材物,民居可知也。
○注“两犹”至“材物”
○释曰:训“两(liang)犹(you)耦(ou)”者(zhe)(zhe),欲取在上与民(min)相(xiang)(xiang)协耦(ou)联(lian)缀(zhui),使不离散也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“牧,州(zhou)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),《礼(li)记·王制》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),二(er)百一(yi)十国以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为州(zhou),州(zhou)有(you)(you)(you)伯(bo)。伯(bo)则(ze)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“牧,州(zhou)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)《下(xia)(xia)曲礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“选(xuan)贤(xian)侯为之(zhi)(zhi)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“九州(zhou)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)封域以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)居民(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“帝命式于(yu)九围”,九围,则(ze)九州(zhou)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)封域疆界也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言此者(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)地得(de)(de)民(min)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),诸(zhu)侯也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),对(dui)则(ze)大夫(fu)称(cheng)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),诸(zhu)侯称(cheng)君。今(jin)此上言牧,下(xia)(xia)言长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),故(gu)据诸(zhu)侯也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“师(shi)(shi),诸(zhu)侯师(shi)(shi)氏”者(zhe)(zhe),此一(yi)经(jing)皆据诸(zhu)侯。又(you)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贤(xian)得(de)(de)民(min)”,是(shi)诸(zhu)侯师(shi)(shi)氏也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)(you)(you)德行”者(zhe)(zhe),《师(shi)(shi)氏职(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三德、三行教国子(zi)”,故(gu)知有(you)(you)(you)德行也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“儒,诸(zhu)侯保(bao)(bao)氏有(you)(you)(you)六(liu)艺(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)得(de)(de)民(min)”,《保(bao)(bao)氏职(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌养国子(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao),教之(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)艺(yi)”,故(gu)知诸(zhu)侯保(bao)(bao)氏不可同(tong)(tong)(tong)天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),故(gu)变保(bao)(bao)言儒,儒亦有(you)(you)(you)道(dao)德之(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“宗(zong)(zong),继(ji)别(bie)为大宗(zong)(zong),收族(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)”,见(jian)《礼(li)记·大传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“继(ji)别(bie)为大宗(zong)(zong)”,对(dui)“继(ji)祢为小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)”,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“敬宗(zong)(zong)故(gu)收族(zu)”,族(zu)食、族(zu)燕,是(shi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)收族(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“主谓公卿大夫(fu),世(shi)世(shi)食采不绝(jue),民(min)税(shui)(shui)薄利(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)意(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)薄税(shui)(shui)为利(li)(li)(li)。後郑(zheng)(zheng)不从者(zhe)(zhe),税(shui)(shui)法有(you)(you)(you)常,故(gu)《孟子(zi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若轻之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)尧(yao)舜,大貉(he)、小(xiao)貉(he);重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)尧(yao)舜,大桀、小(xiao)桀”,是(shi)不得(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)轻重(zhong),皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)什一(yi)为正(zheng),何得(de)(de)薄税(shui)(shui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)利(li)(li)(li)民(min)乎?故(gu)不从也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玄(xuan)谓利(li)(li)(li)读如‘上思(si)利(li)(li)(li)民(min)’之(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)政(zheng)教利(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),上思(si)利(li)(li)(li)民(min),忠也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此《左(zuo)氏传》随(sui)季良之(zhi)(zhi)辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“吏(li),小(xiao)吏(li)在乡(xiang)邑者(zhe)(zhe)”,谓若比(bi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、闾胥,或在乡(xiang),或在公邑、采邑,皆是(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“友(you)(you)谓同(tong)(tong)(tong)井(jing)相(xiang)(xiang)合耦(ou)锄(chu)作”者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)意(yi)经(jing)意(yi)非谓同(tong)(tong)(tong)师(shi)(shi)曰友(you)(you),正(zheng)是(shi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)在井(jing)邑之(zhi)(zhi)间共(gong)居,若《里宰职(zhi)(zhi)》“合耦(ou)于(yu)锄(chu)”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“合耦(ou),使相(xiang)(xiang)佐助”者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《孟子(zi)》曰:‘乡(xiang)田同(tong)(tong)(tong)井(jing),出入相(xiang)(xiang)友(you)(you),守望相(xiang)(xiang)助,疾病相(xiang)(xiang)扶,则(ze)百姓亲睦’”,引《孟子(zi)》“乡(xiang)田同(tong)(tong)(tong)井(jing)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证(zheng)友(you)(you)是(shi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)井(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)友(you)(you)。但乡(xiang)遂为沟洫,不为井(jing)田,而云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)乡(xiang)田同(tong)(tong)(tong)井(jing)者(zhe)(zhe),乡(xiang)遂虽不为井(jing)田,亦三三相(xiang)(xiang)任以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)出税(shui)(shui),与井(jing)田同(tong)(tong)(tong),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)同(tong)(tong)(tong)井(jing)。或解同(tong)(tong)(tong)井(jing)水(shui),义(yi)亦通也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“薮(sou)亦有(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe),《地官(guan)·泽(ze)(ze)虞(yu)(yu)职(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“每(mei)大泽(ze)(ze)、大薮(sou),中士(shi)二(er)人(ren)”,是(shi)薮(sou)有(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌其政(zheng)令”已下(xia)(xia),皆《泽(ze)(ze)虞(yu)(yu)职(zhi)(zhi)》文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“富谓薮(sou)中材物”者(zhe)(zhe),谓有(you)(you)(you)薪蒸蒲苇(wei),薮(sou)中所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
正月之吉,始和布治于邦国都鄙,乃县治象之法于象魏,使万民观治象,挟日而敛之。(正月,周之正月。吉谓朔日。大宰以正月朔日,布王治之事於天下,至正岁,又书而县于象魏,振木铎以徇之,使万民观焉。小宰亦帅其属而往,皆所以重治法、新王事也。凡治有故,言始和者,若改造云尔。郑司农云:“象魏,阙也。故鲁灾,季桓子御公立于象魏之外,命藏象魏,曰旧章不可忘。”从甲至甲谓之挟日,凡十月。
○县,音玄(xuan),注同。挟,子协反,字又作浃,同。于本作币,子合反。铎,待洛反。徇,辞俊反。)
[疏]“正月”至“敛之”
○释曰:自此已下,皆谓施前事条。谓“建子”,周之正月言之。“吉”,谓朔日也。始调和上六典、八法已下之事,和讫,当月即颁布此治职文书于诸侯邦国、卿大夫都鄙。言“乃县”者,乃,缓辞。至建寅之正月,乃县治象之法于雉门象魏,使万民共观治象。“挟日”者,从甲至甲,凡十日,敛藏之于明堂,於後月月受而行之,谓之告朔也。
○注“正月”至“十日”
○释曰(yue):知(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)是周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)者(zhe)(zhe),下文“乃(nai)县(xian)(xian)”是建(jian)寅,明上(shang)(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)是周正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)。知(zhi)吉是朔(shuo)日者(zhe)(zhe),《论语·乡(xiang)(xiang)党》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“吉月(yue),必(bi)朝服而朝”,是吉谓(wei)(wei)朔(shuo)日。《礼记(ji)·玉藻》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)皮弁听(ting)朔(shuo)于大(da)(da)(da)庙(miao)。”或云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)吉,或云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)朔(shuo)。听(ting)朔(shuo)在月(yue)一日,是知(zhi)吉为(wei)朔(shuo)日也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)宰以(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)朔(shuo)日布王治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事于天(tian)(tian)下”者(zhe)(zhe),言天(tian)(tian)下,即经邦(bang)国(guo)都鄙,是畿外畿内遍天(tian)(tian)下。即《乡(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉,受法(fa)於(wu)司徒(tu),退而颁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)其乡(xiang)(xiang)吏”。是司徒(tu)布教法(fa),从(cong)六乡(xiang)(xiang)已下出,则此(ci)大(da)(da)(da)宰布法(fa),亦从(cong)六乡(xiang)(xiang)已下出也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“至(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)(sui)又书(shu)而县(xian)(xian)于象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)释经中“乃(nai)县(xian)(xian)”。必(bi)知(zhi)乃(nai)县(xian)(xian)是正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)(sui)建(jian)寅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)者(zhe)(zhe),下小宰所以(yi)佐大(da)(da)(da)宰,彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)(sui)县(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与(yu)此(ci)乃(nai)县(xian)(xian)为(wei)一事,故至(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)(sui)县(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)振木铎者(zhe)(zhe),约《小宰》而知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)(fan)治有(you)(you)故,言始和者(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)改(gai)造云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)尔(er)”者(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)(shang)六典(dian)已下至(zhi)九(jiu)两(liang)(liang),国(guo)法(fa)常定(ding),今(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)始和,似更新其事,改(gai)造云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)尔(er),其实不改(gai)。郑(zheng)(zheng)司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),阙(que)(que)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),周公(gong)(gong)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),雉门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,两(liang)(liang)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)阙(que)(que)高魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)然。孔子谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),《春秋左(zuo)(zuo)氏(shi)》定(ding)二年(nian)夏(xia)五月(yue),“雉门灾及两(liang)(liang)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其有(you)(you)教象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)可观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)望。又谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阙(que)(que)者(zhe)(zhe),阙(que)(que),去也(ye)(ye)(ye)。仰视(shi)治象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),阙(que)(que)去疑(yi)事。或解阙(que)(que)中通门,是以(yi)庄二十一年(nian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郑(zheng)(zheng)伯享王于阙(que)(que)西(xi)辟”,注:“阙(que)(que),象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”案(an)(an)《公(gong)(gong)羊传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“子家(jia)驹谓(wei)(wei)昭公(gong)(gong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):‘诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)僭(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)子,大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)僭(jian)(jian)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),久(jiu)矣。’公(gong)(gong)曰(yue):‘吾何(he)僭(jian)(jian)矣哉?’子家(jia)驹曰(yue):‘设(she)两(liang)(liang)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),乘大(da)(da)(da)路(lu)。’”何(he)氏(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)(tian)子两(liang)(liang)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)台门,则诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)不合有(you)(you)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”若(ruo)然,雉门灾及两(liang)(liang)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),及《礼运》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“游於(wu)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)”,有(you)(you)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)亦是僭(jian)(jian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“故鲁灾,季桓(huan)子御公(gong)(gong)立于象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,命藏(zang)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),曰(yue)旧(jiu)(jiu)章(zhang)不可忘”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)哀公(gong)(gong)三年(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)氏(shi)传》辞。案(an)(an)彼桓(huan)、僖庙(miao)灾,天(tian)(tian)火曰(yue)灾,谓(wei)(wei)桓(huan)、僖庙(miao)被天(tian)(tian)火所烧。旧(jiu)(jiu)章(zhang)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)在大(da)(da)(da)庙(miao)中,恐火连及,故命藏(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)然,象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)县(xian)(xian)教治也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)其象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)建(jian)寅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)县(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十日,藏(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)庙(miao)中。季桓(huan)子至(zhi),与(yu)公(gong)(gong)立於(wu)雉门象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)旧(jiu)(jiu)县(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,命藏(zang)大(da)(da)(da)庙(miao)中象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),证象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是教象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“从(cong)甲(jia)至(zhi)甲(jia)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)挟日,凡(fan)(fan)十日”者(zhe)(zhe),破诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)从(cong)甲(jia)至(zhi)癸(gui)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)挟日通也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)从(cong)甲(jia)至(zhi)癸(gui),仍(reng)有(you)(you)癸(gui)日,不得(de)通挟,故以(yi)从(cong)甲(jia)至(zhi)甲(jia)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
乃施典于邦国,而建其牧,立其监,设其参,傅其伍,陈其殷,置其辅。(乃者,更申敕之。以侯伯有功德者,加命作州长,谓之牧,所谓八命作牧者。监谓公侯伯子男各监一国。《书》曰:“王启监,厥乱为民。”参谓卿三人,伍谓大夫五人。郑司农云“殷,治律。辅,为民之平也。”玄谓殷,众也,谓众士也。《王制》:诸侯上士二十七人,其中士、下士,各居其上之三分。辅,府史,庶人在官者。
○参,七南(nan)反。干云:“三公也(ye)。”傅,戚(qi)音(yin)附,徐方慕反。监,古(gu)衔反。为,于伪(wei)反。平,音(yin)评。)
[疏]“乃施”至“其辅”
○释曰:上已言六典治邦国,更言施典于邦国,故郑云“乃”者,更申敕之。所施者典,则“建其牧”以下是也。建,立也。每一州之中立一牧。“立其监”者,每一国之中立一诸侯,使各监一国。“设其参”者,谓诸侯之国各立三卿。“傅其伍”者,谓三卿下各立五大夫。“陈其殷”者,三卿下各陈士九人,三九二十七。“置其辅”者,谓三卿下各设府、史、胥、徒。
○注“乃者”至“官者”
○释曰:郑(zheng)云(yun)“以侯(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)有功德者(zhe),加命(ming)(ming)(ming)作(zuo)州(zhou)长,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牧(mu)(mu)”者(zhe),案《下(xia)曲礼(li)》云(yun)“州(zhou)牧(mu)(mu)於外曰侯(hou)”,即(ji)是先取侯(hou)有功德者(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牧(mu)(mu),若(ruo)无贤侯(hou),伯(bo)(bo)(bo)亦得(de),故(gu)(gu)连(lian)言(yan)侯(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)有功德者(zhe)。云(yun)“加命(ming)(ming)(ming)作(zuo)州(zhou)长”者(zhe),以其侯(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)七命(ming)(ming)(ming),州(zhou)牧(mu)(mu)八命(ming)(ming)(ming),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)“加命(ming)(ming)(ming)作(zuo)州(zhou)长”。云(yun)“所谓(wei)八命(ming)(ming)(ming)作(zuo)牧(mu)(mu)”者(zhe),案《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)职》云(yun)“七命(ming)(ming)(ming)赐(ci)国(guo)(guo),八命(ming)(ming)(ming)作(zuo)牧(mu)(mu)”是也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)殷(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牧(mu)(mu)下(xia),天子(zi)使(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)监。至周(zhou)(zhou),使(shi)(shi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)佐牧(mu)(mu),不使(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)《诗·旄(mao)丘》序云(yun):“《旄(mao)丘》,责卫伯(bo)(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)。”郑(zheng)云(yun)“卫康(kang)(kang)叔(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)封(feng)爵(jue)称(cheng)(cheng)侯(hou),今曰伯(bo)(bo)(bo)者(zhe),时为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)州(zhou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)。”周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,使(shi)(shi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)佐牧(mu)(mu),即(ji)僖公四(si)年“五侯(hou)九伯(bo)(bo)(bo)”。五侯(hou)是州(zhou)牧(mu)(mu),九伯(bo)(bo)(bo)是牧(mu)(mu)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)。云(yun)“监谓(wei)公侯(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)子(zi)男(nan)各监一(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)”,引(yin)《书》曰“王(wang)启监,厥乱(luan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民(min)”者(zhe),此是《尚书·梓材》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇。周(zhou)(zhou)公封(feng)康(kang)(kang)叔(shu)而(er)敕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),证(zheng)监是诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“参谓(wei)卿(qing)三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)”者(zhe),案《左氏传》杜泄云(yun)“吾(wu)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)徒,夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)马(ma)(ma),孟氏为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)空。”则诸侯(hou)三(san)(san)卿(qing),司(si)徒、司(si)马(ma)(ma)、司(si)空也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“伍谓(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)五人(ren)(ren)”者(zhe),谓(wei)司(si)徒下(xia)二大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)徒大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宰大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。司(si)空下(xia)二大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)主司(si)空事,一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)寇大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。司(si)马(ma)(ma)事省,阙(que)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)五人(ren)(ren)。郑(zheng)司(si)农云(yun)“殷(yin)(yin)治(zhi)律,辅(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),谓(wei)置官(guan)主法律。辅(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)者(zhe),谓(wei)置辅(fu)是平(ping)断。此先郑(zheng)盖是後(hou)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,故(gu)(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“玄谓(wei)殷(yin)(yin),众(zhong)也(ye)(ye),谓(wei)众(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe),士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)称(cheng)(cheng)殷(yin)(yin),与旅司(si),并是众(zhong)义,故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)玄谓(wei)众(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。又引(yin)《王(wang)制(zhi)》“诸侯(hou)上(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”已下(xia)者(zhe),按彼注,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang),次国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中,小国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)。言(yan)数各居其上(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)分者(zhe),此谓(wei)盟会立(li)位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang),北面,前行(xing),上(shang)(shang)九、中九、下(xia)九。次国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)後(hou)行(xing),上(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)当大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),中士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)当大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),下(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)当其空。小国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),当大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),中士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)当次国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),下(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)当其空。故(gu)(gu)云(yun)“数各居其上(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)分”,引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)破(po)司(si)农殷(yin)(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治(zhi)律。云(yun)“辅(fu),府史庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)在官(guan)”者(zhe),破(po)司(si)农辅(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)。若(ruo)然,建、立(li)、陈、置,其义可知(zhi)。其伍言(yan)傅(fu)者(zhe),谓(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)上(shang)(shang)有卿(qing),下(xia)有士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),受(shou)上(shang)(shang)政(zheng)傅(fu)於下(xia),受(shou)下(xia)政(zheng)傅(fu)於上(shang)(shang),故(gu)(gu)独云(yun)傅(fu)。
乃(nai)施则于(yu)都鄙(bi),而建其(qi)长(zhang),立(li)其(qi)两,设其(qi)伍,陈(chen)其(qi)殷,置其(qi)辅。(长(zhang),谓(wei)公卿(qing)大(da)夫(fu)、王(wang)子弟食采邑者。两谓(wei)两卿(qing),不言三卿(qing)者,不足于(yu)诸侯。郑司农云:“两谓(wei)两丞。”)
[疏]“乃施”至“其辅”
○释曰:上已言八则治都鄙,更令施则於都鄙,故言“乃”,亦是更申敕之义。“建其长”,谓公卿王子弟为采邑之主,以是一邑之长,故言建其长。“立其两”者,谓每采地之中立其两卿。“设其伍,陈其殷,置其辅”,义与上邦国同。
○注“长谓”至“两丞”
○释(shi)曰:云“长(zhang),谓公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《典(dian)命(ming)》云:“三(san)公(gong)(gong)八命(ming),其(qi)(qi)(qi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)六(liu)命(ming),其(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)四命(ming)。”案《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)伯》云:“六(liu)命(ming)赐官(guan)”,彼注(zhu):“王(wang)(wang)六(liu)命(ming)之(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing),赐官(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),使得(de)(de)(de)自置(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)臣(chen)治家(jia)邑(yi),如诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)。”则(ze)此(ci)云长(zhang),唯(wei)据公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)已(yi)上。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)四命(ming),不(bu)(bu)合(he)立(li)官(guan)。此(ci)郑云“长(zhang),谓公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)”,并(bing)言大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)虽立(li)官(guan),不(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)同(tong)(tong),亦得(de)(de)(de)称长(zhang),是(shi)广解(jie)长(zhang)义。其(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)合(he)有(you)(you)两(liang)(liang)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)五(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),当与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)同(tong)(tong),官(guan)事当相兼也。云“王(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)弟(di)食(shi)采邑(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓亲王(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)弟(di)食(shi)邑(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)三(san)公(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong),在五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)里(li)疆地,各百(bai)里(li)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)次疏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),在四百(bai)里(li)县地,各五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)里(li),与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)六(liu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)同(tong)(tong)。已(yi)上二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),得(de)(de)(de)立(li)两(liang)(liang)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)五(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)等。其(qi)(qi)(qi)次更疏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),在三(san)百(bai)里(li)稍地,各食(shi)二十(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li),与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)同(tong)(tong),不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)立(li)两(liang)(liang)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)五(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),亦职相兼也。云“两(liang)(liang)谓两(liang)(liang)卿(qing)(qing)(qing),不(bu)(bu)言三(san)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)足於诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以畿外诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)南面(mian)为(wei)尊,故(gu)(gu)(gu)得(de)(de)(de)申而立(li)三(san)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)。天子(zi)(zi)三(san)公(gong)(gong)、六(liu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)虽尊,以其(qi)(qi)(qi)在天子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)下,故(gu)(gu)(gu)屈而立(li)两(liang)(liang)卿(qing)(qing)(qing),不(bu)(bu)足於诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)。郑司(si)(si)农云“两(liang)(liang)谓两(liang)(liang)丞”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)(qi)(qi)两(liang)(liang)卿(qing)(qing)(qing),丞副其(qi)(qi)(qi)长(zhang),先郑以後(hou)代之(zhi)官(guan)况(kuang)之(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云两(liang)(liang)丞也。此(ci)中(zhong)唯(wei)有(you)(you)都(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)(bi),无家(jia)邑(yi)之(zhi)名(ming),故(gu)(gu)(gu)都(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)(bi)中(zhong)含有(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)。春官(guan)都(dou)(dou)宗(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)、家(jia)宗(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren),都(dou)(dou)家(jia)并(bing)有(you)(you),故(gu)(gu)(gu)公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)入(ru)都(dou)(dou)宗(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)中(zhong),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)则(ze)入(ru)家(jia)宗(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)中(zhong)。以其(qi)(qi)(qi)公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)虽有(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)、小都(dou)(dou)之(zhi)别,而同(tong)(tong)名(ming)都(dou)(dou),故(gu)(gu)(gu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)都(dou)(dou)名(ming),直有(you)(you)家(jia)称,故(gu)(gu)(gu)在家(jia)宗(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)也。至於夏官(guan)都(dou)(dou)司(si)(si)马(ma)、家(jia)司(si)(si)马(ma),又(you)(you)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)家(jia)宗(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)、都(dou)(dou)宗(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)异。故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑注(zhu)《都(dou)(dou)司(si)(si)马(ma)》,唯(wei)云三(san)公(gong)(gong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)王(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)弟(di),其(qi)(qi)(qi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)又(you)(you)入(ru)家(jia)司(si)(si)马(ma)中(zhong)。以其(qi)(qi)(qi)司(si)(si)马(ma)辨尊卑(bei),六(liu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)卑(bei),又(you)(you)自使其(qi)(qi)(qi)臣(chen)为(wei)司(si)(si)马(ma),若(ruo)叔孙氏(shi)之(zhi)臣(chen)名(ming)戾,王(wang)(wang)家(jia)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)之(zhi)立(li)司(si)(si)马(ma),故(gu)(gu)(gu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)入(ru)中(zhong)。若(ruo)然,都(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)(bi)之(zhi)内,其(qi)(qi)(qi)号有(you)(you)三(san)。若(ruo)得(de)(de)(de)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)号,唯(wei)三(san)公(gong)(gong)王(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)弟(di),故(gu)(gu)(gu)《司(si)(si)裘(qiu)》“诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)熊侯(hou)(hou)、豹侯(hou)(hou),卿(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)麋侯(hou)(hou)”,是(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)不(bu)(bu)入(ru)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)也。若(ruo)立(li)臣(chen)如诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),即此(ci)文(wen)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)。若(ruo)称长(zhang)可及大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),亦此(ci)注(zhu)含大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)是(shi)也。
乃施法于官府,而建其(qi)正(zheng),立(li)其(qi)贰(er),设(she)其(qi)考(kao),陈其(qi)殷,置(zhi)其(qi)辅。(正(zheng)谓(wei)冢宰、司(si)(si)徒(tu)、宗伯、司(si)(si)马、司(si)(si)寇、司(si)(si)空(kong)也。贰(er)谓(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)宰、小(xiao)(xiao)司(si)(si)徒(tu)、小(xiao)(xiao)宗伯、小(xiao)(xiao)司(si)(si)马、小(xiao)(xiao)司(si)(si)寇、小(xiao)(xiao)司(si)(si)空(kong)也。考(kao),成也,佐成事者,谓(wei)宰夫(fu)、乡师(shi)、肆(si)师(shi)、军司(si)(si)马、士师(shi)也。司(si)(si)空(kong)亡(wang),未闻其(qi)考(kao)。)
[疏]“乃施”至“其辅”
○释曰:案上官府在都鄙上,此文在都鄙下者,欲见都鄙置臣与诸侯同,又见诸侯下亦有都鄙之义,故进都鄙在上,使文承邦国之下也。已上言“八法治官府”,今更言“施法于官府”。言“乃”者,亦是更申敕之也。“而建其正”,正,长也。亦是一官之长。若《大宰》之等云“立其贰”者,谓小卿副贰大卿,即小宰之等。“设其考”者,考,成也,佐成事者。宰夫之等也。殷、辅,义与前同。
○注“正谓”至“其考”
○释曰(yue):宰夫(fu)已下,并是五官(guan)之(zhi)长。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《司(si)(si)空(kong)(kong)》亡,未闻其考”者,案(an)《乡师(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“及(ji)葬,执纛以与匠(jiang)师(shi)(shi)御柩”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“匠(jiang)师(shi)(shi)事官(guan)之(zhi)属,其於司(si)(si)空(kong)(kong),若乡师(shi)(shi)之(zhi)於司(si)(si)徒(tu)。”若然,乡师(shi)(shi)是司(si)(si)徒(tu)之(zhi)考,则匠(jiang)师(shi)(shi)亦司(si)(si)空(kong)(kong)之(zhi)考,而此云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“未闻”者,彼(bi)文(wen)以义约之(zhi),司(si)(si)空(kong)(kong)考匠(jiang)师(shi)(shi)也,无正文(wen),故(gu)此云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)未闻也。
凡治(zhi),以典(dian)待(dai)邦国之治(zhi),以则待(dai)都鄙之治(zhi),以法(fa)待(dai)官(guan)府之治(zhi),以官(guan)成待(dai)万民(min)之治(zhi),以礼(li)待(dai)宾(bin)客之治(zhi)。(成,八成。礼(li),宾(bin)礼(li)也(ye)。)
[疏]“凡治”至“之治”
○释曰:以其天官主治,故以目之。六典本以治邦国,故云“以典待邦国之治”。八则本以治都鄙,故云“以则待都鄙之治”。八法本以治官府,故云“以法待官府之治”。八成本以治万民,故云“以官成待万民之治”。礼者本以接宾客,故云“以礼待宾客之治”。据上文,官成在八法治官府中,今特出之者,以其八成本待万民,不待官府,若不特出之,则无此待万民之事。在八法官府者,欲见官府执行。故《礼记》云“谁能秉国成”,成,则八成也。以礼待宾客,本在八统,今特见之者,以上亲亲、敬故、进贤、使能、保庸、尊贵、达吏,皆是王行之於朝,以示於民,使民观之入善,不必更别有礼。唯礼宾特别有礼,若聘礼之类也。此皆言“以”者,当别有篇卷,使人执持施行之,知然者,以《周礼》六官皆邦国之治,则六官掌事不可专主邦国,故知别有篇卷,但在三百之中亡逸也。
○注“成八”至“礼也”
○释曰:八成,小宰职掌(zhang)。“掌(zhang)礼,宾礼”者,若聘(pin)礼、觐礼、掌(zhang)客之等(deng)是也。
祀五帝,则掌百官之誓戒,与其具。(祀五帝,谓四郊及明堂。誓戒,要之以刑,重失礼也。《明堂位》所谓“各扬其职,百官废职服大刑”,是其辞之略也。具,所当共。,扫除粪洒。
○要,一遥反(fan)。粪,弗运(yun)反(fan)。洒(sa),色(se)卖反(fan)。)
[疏]“祀五”至“具”
○释曰:“祀五帝,则掌百官之誓戒”者,谓祭前十日已前,誓戒百官,则大宰掌之。“与其具”者,使百官供祭祀之具及之扫除也。
○注“祀五”至“粪洒”
○释曰:五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),东方(fang)(fang)青帝(di)(di)(di)(di)灵威仰(yang),南方(fang)(fang)赤(chi)(chi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)赤(chi)(chi)怒,中央黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)含枢(shu)纽,西方(fang)(fang)白(bai)(bai)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)白(bai)(bai)招拒,北(bei)方(fang)(fang)黑帝(di)(di)(di)(di)汁光纪。依《月(yue)令(ling)(ling)》,四(si)时迎气(qi),及(ji)季(ji)夏六月(yue)迎土气(qi)於(wu)南郊,其(qi)馀四(si)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)各於(wu)其(qi)郊,并夏正祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所感帝(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)南郊,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)祀(si)五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)四(si)郊也(ye)。郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“及(ji)明(ming)(ming)堂”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),总飨(xiang)五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)明(ming)(ming)堂。依《月(yue)令(ling)(ling)》,秦用季(ji)秋。郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“未知周以(yi)何月(yue)”。案(an)《下曲礼》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)飨(xiang)不(bu)问卜(bu)(bu)。”郑云(yun)(yun)(yun):“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)明(ming)(ming)堂,莫卜(bu)(bu)也(ye)。”彼(bi)明(ming)(ming)堂不(bu)卜(bu)(bu),此(ci)(ci)下经云(yun)(yun)(yun)“帅执(zhi)事(shi)而卜(bu)(bu)日(ri)”,则此(ci)(ci)祀(si)五帝(di)(di)(di)(di),不(bu)合(he)有(you)明(ming)(ming)堂。郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)及(ji)明(ming)(ming)堂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),广解祀(si)五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu),其(qi)实此(ci)(ci)处(chu)无明(ming)(ming)堂。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“誓戒(jie)要(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)刑,重(zhong)(zhong)失(shi)礼”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)要(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)刑,则服(fu)大(da)刑是(shi)也(ye)。言(yan)“重(zhong)(zhong)失(shi)礼”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)失(shi)礼为重(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)(gu)要(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)刑。引(yin)《明(ming)(ming)堂位》,彼(bi)在(zai)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下陈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri),此(ci)(ci)是(shi)未祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)前(qian)引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)前(qian)誓戒(jie)还(hai)用祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)以(yi)敕(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)或前(qian)或後,其(qi)辞(ci)同。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)其(qi)辞(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)略”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)誓戒(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,其(qi)辞(ci)应(ying)多(duo),不(bu)应(ying)唯(wei)有(you)此(ci)(ci)言(yan),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)辞(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)略也(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“具,所当供(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)连(lian)事(shi),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具,百官(guan)共(gong)供(gong),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)具谓(wei)(wei)所当供(gong)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“,埽除(chu)粪洒”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《宫人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌六寝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,《守祧(tiao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)庙有(you)司除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”是(shi)其(qi)埽除(chu)粪洒也(ye)。
前期十日,帅执事而卜日,遂戒。(前期,前所诹之日也。十日,容散齐七日,致齐三日。执事,宗伯、大卜之属。既卜,又戒百官以始齐。
○前,如(ru)字,于(yu)本同(tong),徐昨见反(fan)(fan),本或作先(xian),如(ru)字,又悉荐反(fan)(fan)。诹,子(zi)须反(fan)(fan),谋也。散(san)齐,西但反(fan)(fan),下(xia)(xia)侧(ce)皆反(fan)(fan),下(xia)(xia)同(tong)。)
[疏]“前期”至“遂戒”
○释曰:“前期”者,谓祭日前夕为期。云“前期十日”者,即是祭前十一日。大宰帅宗伯、大卜之属执事之人而卜日。又言“遂戒”者,谓祭前十日,遂戒百官始齐。
○注“前期”至“始齐”
○释曰:云(yun)“前期,前所(suo)诹之(zhi)日(ri)”者(zhe)(zhe),此依(yi)《少牢》所(suo)诹之(zhi)日(ri),即祭(ji)日(ri)也(ye)。凡祭(ji)祀,谓於(wu)祭(ji)前之(zhi)夕为(wei)期,今言前期十(shi)(shi)日(ri)者(zhe)(zhe),明祭(ji)前十(shi)(shi)一(yi)日(ri)卜(bu),卜(bu)之(zhi)後(hou)日(ri)遂戒,使散(san)齐(qi)(qi)、致(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)(qi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)“十(shi)(shi)日(ri),容散(san)齐(qi)(qi)七日(ri),致(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)(qi)三(san)日(ri)”。案(an)《礼记(ji)·祭(ji)统》云(yun):“散(san)齐(qi)(qi)七日(ri)以(yi)定(ding)之(zhi),致(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)(qi)三(san)日(ri)以(yi)齐(qi)(qi)之(zhi)。”云(yun)“执(zhi)事,宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)之(zhi)属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe),《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)职》云(yun):“凡祀大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)神、享大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鬼(gui)、祭(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)示,帅执(zhi)事而卜(bu)日(ri)”,谓宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)莅卜(bu)。又案(an)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)》云(yun):“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)祀,视高命(ming)龟”,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)执(zhi)事中(zhong)有宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)之(zhi)属(shu)。中(zhong)含有小宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)及(ji)卜(bu)师,故(gu)(gu)言“之(zhi)属(shu)”。但四(si)时迎(ying)气,冬至、夏(xia)至郊(jiao)天等,虽(sui)有常(chang)时常(chang)日(ri),犹须审慎,仍(reng)卜(bu)日(ri)。故(gu)(gu)《表记(ji)》云(yun):“不犯日(ri)月,不违卜(bu)筮。”注:“日(ri)月谓冬夏(xia)至、正(zheng)月及(ji)四(si)时也(ye)。所(suo)不违者(zhe)(zhe),日(ri)与牲尸也(ye)。”假令不吉(ji),改卜(bu)後(hou)日(ri)。故(gu)(gu)《箴膏肓》云(yun):“天子(zi)郊(jiao),以(yi)夏(xia)正(zheng)上旬之(zhi)日(ri)。鲁(lu)之(zhi)卜(bu),三(san)正(zheng)下旬之(zhi)日(ri)。”是虽(sui)有常(chang)时常(chang)日(ri),犹卜(bu)日(ri)也(ye)。
及执事,氐涤濯。(执事,初为祭祀前祭日之夕。涤濯,谓溉祭器及甑之属。
○氐,音视,本又(you)作视,後皆同。涤,直(zhi)历反(fan)(fan)。濯,直(zhi)角(jiao)反(fan)(fan)。溉(gai),古爱反(fan)(fan)。,鱼善反(fan)(fan),徐音彦,一音言(yan),本又(you)作,音历。)
[疏]“及执事氐涤濯”
○释曰:及,犹(you)至也。谓(wei)至祭(ji)前夕(xi)(xi),大(da)宰(zai)氐涤濯(zhuo)。案《春(chun)官(guan)(guan)·小(xiao)宗(zong)伯》“大(da)祭(ji)祀氐涤濯(zhuo)”,《大(da)宗(zong)伯》亦云(yun)“宿氐涤濯(zhuo)”。彼(bi)二(er)官(guan)(guan)亲氐涤濯(zhuo),大(da)宰(zai)尊,亦往(wang)莅之(zhi)。注云(yun)“执事(shi),初为祭(ji)祀前祭(ji)日(ri)(ri)之(zhi)夕(xi)(xi)”,知(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),案下经及纳(na)亨者(zhe)是祭(ji)日(ri)(ri),此(ci)云(yun)氐涤濯(zhuo),《仪礼·特牲(sheng)》亦云(yun):“前祭(ji)日(ri)(ri)之(zhi)夕(xi)(xi),视壶濯(zhuo)及豆(dou)笾”,士卑得(de)与人(ren)君(jun)同。《少牢》,大(da)夫礼,当祭(ji)日(ri)(ri)扌(shou)既(ji)(ji)祭(ji)器(qi)者(zhe),下人(ren)君(jun)也。注又云(yun)“涤濯(zhuo),谓(wei)扌(shou)既(ji)(ji)祭(ji)器(qi)及甑之(zhi)属”,知(zhi)(zhi)然者(zhe),案《少牢》雍人(ren)扌(shou)既(ji)(ji)鼎、匕、俎,廪人(ren)扌(shou)既(ji)(ji)甑、,司宫扌(shou)既(ji)(ji)豆(dou)、笾及勺、爵。此(ci)不言匕、俎、豆(dou)、笾、勺、爵者(zhe),之(zhi)属中含(han)之(zhi)。
及纳亨,赞王牲事。(纳亨,纳牲,将告杀。谓乡祭之晨,既杀以授亨人。凡大祭祀,君亲牵牲,大夫赞之。
○亨,普庚(geng)反,注同,刘(liu)普孟反。乡(xiang),许亮(liang)反。)
[疏]“及纳”至“牲事”
○释曰:及,犹至也。至纳亨者,案《礼记·明堂位》,君肉袒迎牲于门,卿大夫赞君,及杀讫,纳与亨人,故言“纳亨”。云“赞王牲事”者,即是卿大夫赞币一人也。
○注“纳亨”至“赞之”
○释曰:云(yun)“纳(na)亨,纳(na)牲(sheng),将告(gao)杀(sha)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)牵牲(sheng)入时(shi)也。《礼器(qi)》云(yun)“纳(na)牲(sheng)诏(zhao)于庭”,杀(sha)讫,毛(mao)以(yi)告(gao)纯(chun),血(xue)以(yi)告(gao)杀(sha),腥(xing)其俎(zu),肫解而腥(xing)之(zhi)。以(yi)此讫,乃纳(na)与亨人,阎祭(ji)(ji)(ji)。此言纳(na)亨者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)牵牲(sheng)也。云(yun)“谓(wei)乡祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)晨(chen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《檀弓》云(yun):“周人大(da)事以(yi)日出”,故(gu)知纳(na)亨是乡祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)晨(chen)。此祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)无,故(gu)先迎牲(sheng);若宗庙之(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you),而後迎牲(sheng)也。云(yun)“既杀(sha)以(yi)授亨人”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《亨人职(zhi)》“职(zhi)外内(nei)饔之(zhi)爨亨”,谓(wei)腥(xing)其俎(zu)後。云(yun)“凡大(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祀,君亲牵牲(sheng),大(da)夫赞(zan)之(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此《明堂位》文。彼鲁(lu)侯用天(tian)子(zi)礼,故(gu)还以(yi)引证天(tian)子(zi)法(fa)。
及祀之日,赞玉币爵之事。(日,旦明也。玉币,所以礼神。玉与币各如其方之色。爵,所以献齐酒。不用玉爵,尚质也。三者执以从,王至而授之。
○齐,才计反。)
[疏]“及祀”至“之事”
○释曰:及,犹至也。至祭日,谓质明。赞,助也。执此玉币爵三者,助而授王也。
○注“日旦”至“授之”
○释曰:案《特牲(sheng)》、《少(shao)牢(lao)》皆质(zhi)明行(xing)事,故(gu)知旦明。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“玉(yu)(yu)(yu)币(bi),所(suo)以(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)与币(bi)各如其方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)色”者,上(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)祀五帝,以(yi)为迎(ying)气(qi)於(wu)四郊之(zhi)外。案《大宗伯(bo)》“以(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)作六器,以(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)天地(di)四方(fang)(fang)”。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“青圭礼(li)(li)(li)东方(fang)(fang),赤(chi)璋(zhang)礼(li)(li)(li)南方(fang)(fang),白(bai)琥(hu)礼(li)(li)(li)西方(fang)(fang),玄(xuan)璜礼(li)(li)(li)北方(fang)(fang)”。季夏六月,迎(ying)土(tu)气(qi)於(wu)南郊,亦用(yong)赤(chi)璋(zhang)。下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)牲(sheng)币(bi),彼虽币(bi)不是(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)币(bi),亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)“各放(fang)其器之(zhi)色”,是(shi)其礼(li)(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)币(bi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu),亦各如其方(fang)(fang)色也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“爵(jue)(jue)(jue)所(suo)以(yi)献齐酒(jiu)”者,案《幂人(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“疏布幂八尊(zun)”,八尊(zun)者,五齐三酒(jiu)之(zhi)尊(zun),以(yi)其祭(ji)天无,故(gu)无彝(yi)尊(zun)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“不用(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)爵(jue)(jue)(jue),尚(shang)质(zhi)也”者,对下(xia)经享先王(wang)用(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)爵(jue)(jue)(jue),尚(shang)文(wen);此(ci)祭(ji)天不用(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)爵(jue)(jue)(jue),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)尚(shang)质(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“三者执以(yi)从,王(wang)至(zhi)而授(shou)之(zhi)”者,谓至(zhi)此(ci)祀圆(yuan)丘方(fang)(fang)泽祭(ji)所(suo)而授(shou)之(zhi),王(wang)亲(qin)自执玉(yu)(yu)(yu)币(bi),奠於(wu)神(shen)(shen)坐,亲(qin)酌以(yi)献尸。
祀大神示亦如之。(大神谓天地。
○示,本(ben)又作(zuo),音畿。)
[疏]“祀大”至“如之”
○释曰:云“祀大神”,谓冬至祭天於圆丘。云“祀大祗”,谓夏至祭地於方泽。“亦如之”者,从掌百官誓戒已下,赞玉币爵之事已上,皆如祀五帝之礼。
○注“大神谓天地”
○释曰:此天谓大天,对(dui)五帝为(wei)小天。此地(di)谓大地(di),对(dui)神州之地(di)为(wei)小地(di),故云天地(di)也。
享先王亦如之,赞玉几、玉爵。(玉几,所以依神。天子左右玉几。宗庙献用玉爵。
○享,许两(liang)反,刘音向,注“享币”同。)
[疏]“享先”至“玉爵”
○释曰:“亦如之”下别言赞玉几、玉爵,则天地不用玉几、玉爵。其言亦如之者,谓亦赞王牲事。已上不云大者,欲见宗庙六享同然。
○注“玉几”至“玉爵”
○释曰:云(yun)“天(tian)子左(zuo)右(you)玉几”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)是《司几筵》文(wen)。彼所云(yun)者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)王(wang)(wang)受诸侯朝觐会同(tong)(tong)所设。今此(ci)享(xiang)先王(wang)(wang)鬼神(shen)之(zhi)几,亦与(yu)王(wang)(wang)平生同(tong)(tong),故引为证(zheng)。此(ci)享(xiang)先王(wang)(wang)有(you)玉几、玉爵,天(tian)地有(you)爵,但(dan)不(bu)用(yong)玉饰。祭(ji)宗庙用(yong)玉几,天(tian)地亦应有(you)质几,不(bu)言之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),文(wen)不(bu)具。云(yun)“宗庙献(xian)用(yong)玉爵”者(zhe)(zhe),按《明(ming)堂位》“献(xian)用(yong)玉盏”,谓(wei)王(wang)(wang)朝践馈献(xian)尸时。若,则用(yong)圭瓒也。
大朝觐会同,赞玉币、玉献、玉几、玉爵。(助王受此四者。时见曰会,殷见曰同。大会同或於春朝,或於秋觐,举春秋则冬夏可知。玉币,诸侯享币也。其合亦如小行人所合六币云。玉献,献国珍异,亦执玉以致之。玉几,王所依也。立而设几,优尊者。玉爵,王礼诸侯之酢爵。王朝诸侯,立依前,南面,其礼之於阼阶上。
○见,贤(xian)遍反(fan),下(xia)同(tong)。朝,直遥反(fan),下(xia)文(wen)同(tong)。酢(zuo),音昨。依(yi),於岂反(fan),本亦(yi)作。)
[疏]“大朝”至“玉爵”
○释曰:诸侯四时常朝不称大,今朝觐称大者,诸侯为大会同而来,故称大朝觐。赞,助也,助王受此玉币、玉献、玉几、玉爵也。
○注“助王”至“阶上”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“时见(jian)(jian)曰(yue)会(hui)(hui)(hui)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此《大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)伯》文。案(an)彼(bi)注“时见(jian)(jian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)无常(chang)期(qi)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)有(you)不(bu)顺服(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)顺服(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)来会(hui)(hui)(hui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)师(shi),助(zhu)王(wang)(wang)讨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“时见(jian)(jian)曰(yue)会(hui)(hui)(hui)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“殷(yin)见(jian)(jian)曰(yue)同(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)《大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)伯职》文。殷(yin),犹众也(ye)。谓十二(er)(er)岁王(wang)(wang)如不(bu)巡狩,诸(zhu)侯(hou)众来同(tong)见(jian)(jian)天(tian)子(zi),故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)“殷(yin)见(jian)(jian)曰(yue)同(tong)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)会(hui)(hui)(hui)同(tong)或(huo)於(wu)春(chun)朝(chao)(chao),或(huo)於(wu)秋(qiu)觐(jin)(jin)“者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)会(hui)(hui)(hui)虽无常(chang)期(qi),当春(chun)来即是春(chun)朝(chao)(chao),当秋(qiu)来即是秋(qiu)觐(jin)(jin),当夏(xia)(xia)来即是夏(xia)(xia)宗(zong)(zong),当冬(dong)(dong)来即是冬(dong)(dong)遇。若大(da)(da)(da)同(tong)则有(you)常(chang)期(qi):春(chun),东方六服(fu)尽来;夏(xia)(xia),南(nan)(nan)方六服(fu)尽来;秋(qiu)、冬(dong)(dong)司(si)农(nong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“举春(chun)秋(qiu)即冬(dong)(dong)夏(xia)(xia)可知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经(jing)直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)朝(chao)(chao)觐(jin)(jin)”,不(bu)言(yan)“宗(zong)(zong)遇”,有(you)宗(zong)(zong)遇可知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)行(xing)(xing)朝(chao)(chao)礼(li)(li)(li)讫,乃皆(jie)为坛(tan)於(wu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)而命事(shi)焉。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玉(yu)币,诸(zhu)侯(hou)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)币也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),诸(zhu)侯(hou)会(hui)(hui)(hui)同(tong)皆(jie)依(yi)四时常(chang)朝(chao)(chao),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)、夏(xia)(xia)受贽于朝(chao)(chao),受享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)币者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)於(wu)庙(miao)(miao),秋(qiu)冬(dong)(dong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)庙(miao)(miao),受朝(chao)(chao)既讫,乃受享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),献国(guo)(guo)(guo)所(suo)(suo)有(you)珍异(yi)(yi),其(qi)行(xing)(xing)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,亦(yi)(yi)(yi)璧琮(cong)加束帛(bo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)合(he)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)如《小(xiao)行(xing)(xing)人》所(suo)(suo)合(he)六币云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《小(xiao)行(xing)(xing)人》所(suo)(suo)合(he)六币,圭(gui)(gui)(gui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)马(ma),璋(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)皮(pi)(pi),璧以(yi)(yi)(yi)帛(bo),琮(cong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)锦,琥(hu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)绣(xiu),璜以(yi)(yi)(yi)黼。据彼(bi)郑注,五(wu)等诸(zhu)侯(hou)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)天(tian)子(zi)用(yong)(yong)璧以(yi)(yi)(yi)帛(bo),享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)后(hou)用(yong)(yong)琮(cong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)锦,则圭(gui)(gui)(gui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)马(ma)、璋(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)皮(pi)(pi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓二(er)(er)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)。享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)天(tian)子(zi)用(yong)(yong)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)马(ma),享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)后(hou)用(yong)(yong)璋(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)皮(pi)(pi),则琥(hu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)绣(xiu)、璜以(yi)(yi)(yi)黼者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)男自相享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)法(fa)。但(dan)《小(xiao)行(xing)(xing)人》所(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓四时常(chang)朝(chao)(chao),不(bu)见(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)朝(chao)(chao)觐(jin)(jin)会(hui)(hui)(hui)同(tong)法(fa),约(yue)与四时常(chang)朝(chao)(chao)同(tong),无正文,故(gu)(gu)言(yan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玉(yu)献,献国(guo)(guo)(guo)珍异(yi)(yi),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)执玉(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓三享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),别有(you)献国(guo)(guo)(guo)珍异(yi)(yi),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)如三享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)执玉(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)玉(yu)献,谓以(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)致(zhi)(zhi)献也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玉(yu)几(ji)(ji),王(wang)(wang)所(suo)(suo)依(yi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓王(wang)(wang)所(suo)(suo)冯(feng)依(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“立而设(she)(she)几(ji)(ji),优尊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立而设(she)(she)几(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《司(si)几(ji)(ji)筵》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)(da)飨射,凡(fan)封国(guo)(guo)(guo),命诸(zhu)侯(hou),王(wang)(wang)位设(she)(she)黼依(yi),依(yi)前南(nan)(nan)乡(xiang),左右玉(yu)几(ji)(ji)。”是立而设(she)(she)几(ji)(ji)也(ye)。但(dan)春(chun)夏(xia)(xia)受享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),秋(qiu)冬(dong)(dong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)庙(miao)(miao),庙(miao)(miao)中则有(you)前设(she)(she)几(ji)(ji)法(fa)。几(ji)(ji)为坐设(she)(she),今立而设(she)(she)几(ji)(ji),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)优至尊也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玉(yu)爵(jue),王(wang)(wang)礼(li)(li)(li)诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酢(zuo)爵(jue)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《大(da)(da)(da)行(xing)(xing)人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“上(shang)公(gong)再而酢(zuo),侯(hou)伯一(yi)(yi)(yi)而酢(zuo),子(zi)男一(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)酢(zuo)”,此时大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)伯摄,非(fei)冢宰所(suo)(suo)赞。但(dan)诸(zhu)侯(hou)酢(zuo)王(wang)(wang)用(yong)(yong)玉(yu)爵(jue),则冢宰赞王(wang)(wang)受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)赞玉(yu)爵(jue)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)朝(chao)(chao)诸(zhu)侯(hou),立前,南(nan)(nan)面”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此约(yue)《司(si)几(ji)(ji)筵》知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓秋(qiu)冬(dong)(dong)朝(chao)(chao)时。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)阼(zuo)阶上(shang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓诸(zhu)侯(hou)是也(ye)。知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)(wang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)阼(zuo)阶上(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),当依(yi)宾(bin)主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)。案(an)《燕礼(li)(li)(li)》,主君在(zai)(zai)(zai)阼(zuo),实在(zai)(zai)(zai)牖户之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)(wang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)阼(zuo)阶上(shang)也(ye)。
大丧,赞赠玉、含玉。(助王为之也。赠玉,既窆,所以送先王。含玉,死者口实,天子以玉。《杂记》曰:“含者执璧将命曰:寡君使某含”,则诸侯含以璧。郑司农云:“含玉,璧琮。”
○含,本又作(zuo),户暗反(fan),後同。窆,波验反(fan),徐补赠(zeng)反(fan)。琮,才宗反(fan)。)
[疏]“大丧”至“含玉”
○释曰:大丧谓王丧。赞王为此二者也。
○注“助王”至“璧琮”
○释(shi)曰:大(da)丧(sang)(sang)既是王(wang)丧(sang)(sang),云(yun)(yun)“助王(wang)为之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),谓(wei)助嗣王(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“赠(zeng)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)既窆所(suo)以送(song)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)”者(zhe),案(an)《既夕》,士礼,既窆谓(wei)下棺(guan)讫,主人赠(zeng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)玄(xuan)以入圹。王(wang)丧(sang)(sang)虽无(wu)文,应更有(you)加(jia),亦当以玄(xuan)为主也(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)赠(zeng),亦既窆时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“含(han)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),死者(zhe)口实(shi)”者(zhe),案(an)《士丧(sang)(sang)礼》用(yong)(yong)(yong)贝(bei)三,郑注:“左右(you)<齿真>及中,象坚,王(wang)含(han)用(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),义亦然也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)《檀弓》云(yun)(yun)“饭用(yong)(yong)(yong)米(mi)贝(bei),不(bu)(bu)忍虚也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”故云(yun)(yun)“口实(shi)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“天子以玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”者(zhe),此(ci)云(yun)(yun)含(han)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),《玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)府》、《典瑞》皆直云(yun)(yun)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),无(wu)异物之(zhi)称(cheng),对大(da)夫已下不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),其实(shi)亦为璧形。故引(yin)《杂记》,复引(yin)先(xian)(xian)郑为璧琮之(zhi)形也(ye)(ye)(ye)。但含(han)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)始死用(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi),赠(zeng)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)於(wu)葬乃用(yong)(yong)(yong)。此(ci)文後云(yun)(yun)含(han)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe),用(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)则有(you)先(xian)(xian)後,此(ci)作(zuo)文先(xian)(xian)後,无(wu)义例。《典瑞》并云(yun)(yun)“饭玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,此(ci)不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)者(zhe),文不(bu)(bu)具也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
作大事,则(ze)戒(jie)于百官,赞王(wang)命。(助王(wang)为教令。《春秋传》曰(yue):“国之(zhi)大事,在祀与戎(rong)。”)
[疏]“作大”至“王命”
○释曰:上已云祀五帝及大神祭祀大事,戒百官讫,则此云“作大事,戒于百官”,唯戎事也。
○注“助王”至“与戎”
○释(shi)曰:《春秋传》者(zhe),成(cheng)(cheng)十三年,刘康公、成(cheng)(cheng)肃(su)公会诸侯伐秦,成(cheng)(cheng)子受于社,不(bu)敬,刘子曰:“国之大(da)事,在祀与戎。祀有(you)执番,戎有(you)受,神之大(da)节也。今成(cheng)(cheng)子惰,弃其命矣,其不(bu)反(fan)乎?”引(yin)之者(zhe),证经大(da)事是戎事,连(lian)引(yin)在祀耳。
王氐治(zhi)朝,则赞(zan)听(ting)治(zhi)。(治(zhi)朝在(zai)路(lu)门外,群(qun)臣治(zhi)事之(zhi)朝。王视之(zhi),则助王平断(duan)。)
[疏]注“治朝”至“平断”
○释曰:王有(you)三朝(chao),必知(zhi)此是路门外朝(chao)者(zhe),但(dan)外朝(chao)是断疑狱之朝(chao),路寝庭朝(chao),图宗人、嘉事,二者(zhe)并於事简,非正(zheng)朝(chao),故知(zhi)治朝(chao)是路门外,司士所掌者(zhe)也(ye)。
氐四方之听朝,亦如之。(谓王巡守在外时。
○守(shou),音(yin)狩,本亦作狩,後“巡守(shou)”皆放此。)
[疏]注“谓王”至“外时”
○释曰(yue):经云“四方听(ting)朝,故知巡(xun)狩时。此郑据依(yi)常者而言。征伐外亦(yi)有听(ting)朝法,以(yi)非常法,故不言也。
凡邦之(zhi)小(xiao)治(zhi),则冢(zhong)宰(zai)听之(zhi)。待(dai)四(si)方(fang)之(zhi)宾客之(zhi)小(xiao)治(zhi)。(大事(shi)决於王,小(xiao)事(shi)冢(zhong)宰(zai)专(zhuan)平。)
[疏]“凡邦”至“听之”
○释曰:重出冢(zhong)宰之名者,据(ju)百(bai)官(guan)总焉,故(gu)特云冢(zhong)宰也。
岁终(zhong),则令百官(guan)府各正(zheng)(zheng)其治,受其会(hui)(hui),(正(zheng)(zheng),正(zheng)(zheng)处也(ye)。会(hui)(hui),大计也(ye)。)
[疏]注“正正”至“计也”
○释曰:言(yan)“正(zheng),正(zheng)处(chu)也(ye)”者(zhe),经云令(ling)百官府各正(zheng)其(qi)治,谓正(zheng)处(chu)其(qi)所治文书,大(da)宰乃(nai)受其(qi)计(ji)(ji)(ji)会也(ye)。云“会,大(da)计(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe),一岁(sui)计(ji)(ji)(ji)会,即《宰夫职》云“岁(sui)计(ji)(ji)(ji)曰会”是(shi)也(ye)。
听其致事,而(er)诏王废置。(平其事来至者之功状,而(er)奏白王。)
[疏]“听其”至“废置”
○释曰(yue):百官(guan)致其(qi)治政功(gong)状与冢宰,听断(duan)其(qi)所置之(zhi)功(gong)状文书(shu),而诏告于王。有功(gong)者置之(zhi),进其(qi)爵(jue);有罪者废(fei)之(zhi),退其(qi)爵(jue)也。
三岁(sui),则大(da)计群吏之(zhi)(zhi)治,而诛赏(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)。(事久(jiu)则听之(zhi)(zhi):大(da)无功(gong),不徒(tu)废,必(bi)罪之(zhi)(zhi);大(da)有功(gong),不徒(tu)置,必(bi)赏(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)。郑司(si)农云:“三载考(kao)绩(ji)。”)
[疏]“三岁”至“赏之”
○释曰:三年一闰,天道小成,则大计会百官群吏之治功文书。上计当年,已有废置。今三年上大计,大无功,不徒废,更加罪;大有功,不徒置,更加赏也。
○注“郑司”至“考绩”
○释曰:此《尚书·舜典(dian)》文。彼(bi)云(yun)“三载考(kao)绩(ji),黜(chu)陟幽(you)明”。彼(bi)三年一考(kao),与此同,故引证三岁大计(ji)也(ye)。