卷一 开宗明义章第一
[疏]正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue):开(kai),张(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。宗,本也(ye)(ye)(ye)。明(ming)(ming),显也(ye)(ye)(ye)。义(yi),理(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言此(ci)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)开(kai)张(zhang)(zhang)一(yi)经(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗本,显明(ming)(ming)五(wu)孝(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)理(li),故曰(yue)(yue)《开(kai)宗明(ming)(ming)义(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)。第,次(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。一(yi),数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)此(ci)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)总(zong)标,诸章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)结之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故为(wei)第一(yi),冠(guan)诸章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首(shou)焉(yan)。案(an)《孝(xiao)经(jing)》遭秦坑(keng)焚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,为(wei)河间颜芝(zhi)(zhi)所藏(zang),初除(chu)挟书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律,芝(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)贞始(shi)出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。长孙(sun)氏及江(jiang)翁、后仓、翼奉(feng)、张(zhang)(zhang)禹(yu)等所说皆十(shi)(shi)(shi)八章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。及鲁恭(gong)王坏孔(kong)子(zi)宅,得古(gu)文(wen)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)二章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),孔(kong)安国作传。刘向(xiang)校经(jing)籍,比量二本,除(chu)其烦惑(huo),以(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)为(wei)定,而不列名。又(you)有(you)荀昶集(ji)其录及诸家(jia)疏,并(bing)无(wu)(wu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)名,而《援神契》自《天子(zi)》至《庶(shu)人》五(wu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),唯(wei)皇(huang)侃标其目而冠(guan)於(wu)(wu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)首(shou)。今郑注见章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)名,岂先(xian)(xian)有(you)改除(chu),近(jin)人追远而为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)?御注依古(gu)今集(ji)详(xiang)议,儒官连状题(ti)其章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)名,重加商量,遂依所请。“章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”者(zhe),明(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye),谓(wei)分析科段,使理(li)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)明(ming)(ming)。《说文(wen)》曰(yue)(yue):“乐歌竟为(wei)一(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)字从(cong)音,从(cong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)。”谓(wei)从(cong)一(yi)至十(shi)(shi)(shi),十(shi)(shi)(shi),数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)终(zhong)。诸书(shu)言章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe),盖因(yin)《风》、《雅》,凡有(you)科段,皆谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)焉(yan)。言天子(zi)、庶(shu)人虽(sui)列贵贱(jian),而立身行道,无(wu)(wu)限高(gao)卑(bei)。故次(ci)(ci)首(shou)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)先(xian)(xian)陈天子(zi),等差其贵贱(jian)以(yi)(yi)至庶(shu)人,次(ci)(ci)及《三(san)(san)才》、《孝(xiao)治》、《圣治》三(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),并(bing)叙德(de)教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所由(you)生也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《纪(ji)孝(xiao)行章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》叙孝(xiao)子(zi)事(shi)亲(qin)(qin)为(wei)先(xian)(xian),与五(wu)刑相因(yin),即(ji)夫(fu)(fu)孝(xiao)始(shi)於(wu)(wu)事(shi)亲(qin)(qin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《广要道章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》、《广扬名章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》即(ji)先(xian)(xian)王有(you)至德(de)要道,扬名於(wu)(wu)后世也(ye)(ye)(ye)。扬名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,因(yin)谏争(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen),从(cong)谏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun),必有(you)应感。三(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)相次(ci)(ci),不离於(wu)(wu)扬名。《事(shi)君(jun)(jun)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》即(ji)忠(zhong)於(wu)(wu)事(shi)君(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《丧亲(qin)(qin)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》继於(wu)(wu)诸章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo),言孝(xiao)子(zi)事(shi)亲(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道纪(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。皇(huang)侃以(yi)(yi)《开(kai)宗》及《纪(ji)孝(xiao)行》、《丧亲(qin)(qin)》等三(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)通(tong)於(wu)(wu)贵贱(jian)。今案(an)《谏争(zheng)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》大夫(fu)(fu)已上皆有(you)争(zheng)臣(chen),而士(shi)有(you)争(zheng)友,父(fu)有(you)争(zheng)子(zi),亦(yi)该(gai)贵贱(jian)。则通(tong)於(wu)(wu)贵贱(jian)者(zhe)有(you)四焉(yan)。
仲尼居(ju)(ju),仲尼,孔子(zi)(zi)字。居(ju)(ju),谓(wei)闲居(ju)(ju)。曾子(zi)(zi)侍(shi)(shi),曾子(zi)(zi),孔子(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi)。侍(shi)(shi),谓(wei)侍(shi)(shi)坐。
[疏]仲尼居,曾子侍。正义曰:夫子以六经设教,随事表名。虽道由孝生,而孝纲未举,将欲开明其道,垂之来裔。以曾参之孝,先有重名,乃假因閒居,为之陈说。自摽已字,称“仲尼居”;呼参为子,称“曾子侍”。建此两句,以起师资问答之体,似若别有承受而记录之。
○注仲尼至閒居。
○正义曰:云“仲尼,孔子字”者,案《家语》云:“孔子父叔梁纥,娶颜氏之女徵在。徵在既往庙见,以夫年长,惧不时有男,而私祷尼丘山以祈焉。孔子故名丘,字仲尼。夫伯仲者,长幼之次也。仲尼有兄字伯,故曰仲。”其名则案桓六年《左传》:“申繻曰:名有五,其三曰以类命为象。”杜注云:“若孔子首象尼丘,盖以孔子生而圩顶,象尼丘山,故名丘,字仲尼。”而刘瓛述张禹之义,以为仲者中也,尼者和也。言孔子有中和之德,故曰仲尼。殷仲文又云:“失子深敬孝道,故称表德之字。”及梁武帝又以丘为聚,以尼为和。今并不取。仲尼之先,殷之后也。案《史记·殷本纪》曰:“帝喾之子契为尧司徒,有功,尧封之於商,赐姓子氏。契后世孙汤灭夏而为天子,至汤裔孙有位无道。周武王杀之,封其庶兄微子启於宋。”案《家语》又《孔子世家》皆云:“孔子其先宋人也。宋襄公有子弗父何,长而当立,让其弟厉公。何生宋父周,周生世子胜,胜生正考父,正考父受命为宋卿,生孔父嘉。嘉别为公族,故其后以孔为氏。”或以为用乙配子,或以滴溜穿石,其言不经,今不取也。孔父嘉生木金父,木金父生皋夷父,皋夷父生防叔,避华氏之祸而奔鲁。防叔生伯夏,伯夏生叔梁纥,纥生孔子也。云“居,谓閒居”者,《古文孝经》云“仲尼閒居”,盖为乘閒居而坐,与《论语》云“居!吾语汝”义同,而与下章“居则致其敬”不同。
○注曾子至侍坐。
○正义曰(yue):云(yun)“曾(ceng)子(zi),孔(kong)子(zi)弟子(zi)”者(zhe),案《史记(ji)·仲尼(ni)弟子(zi)传》称:“曾(ceng)参,南(nan)武城人,字子(zi)舆(yu),少孔(kong)子(zi)四(si)十六岁。孔(kong)子(zi)以(yi)为(wei)能通(tong)孝(xiao)道,故(gu)授之业,作《孝(xiao)经》,死(si)於(wu)鲁。”故(gu)知(zhi)是仲尼(ni)弟子(zi)也。云(yun)“侍(shi)(shi)(shi),谓侍(shi)(shi)(shi)坐(zuo)”者(zhe),言(yan)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)孔(kong)子(zi)而(er)坐(zuo)也。案古文(wen)云(yun)“曾(ceng)子(zi)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)坐(zuo)”,故(gu)知(zhi)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)谓侍(shi)(shi)(shi)坐(zuo)也。卑者(zhe)在尊(zun)侧曰(yue)侍(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)经谓之侍(shi)(shi)(shi)。凡侍(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)坐(zuo)有(you)立,此(ci)曾(ceng)子(zi)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)即侍(shi)(shi)(shi)坐(zuo)也。《曲礼》有(you)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)坐(zuo)於(wu)先生,侍(shi)(shi)(shi)坐(zuo)於(wu)所(suo)尊(zun),侍(shi)(shi)(shi)坐(zuo)於(wu)君子(zi)。据此(ci)而(er)言(yan),明(ming)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)坐(zuo)於(wu)夫子(zi)也。
子(zi)曰:“先王有(you)至德(de)(de)要(yao)道(dao),以顺(shun)(shun)天(tian)(tian)下(xia),民用(yong)和(he)睦(mu),上(shang)下(xia)无怨。孝(xiao)者,德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至、道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)也。言先代(dai)圣德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主,能顺(shun)(shun)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)人心,行此至要(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化,则上(shang)下(xia)臣人,和(he)睦(mu)无怨。汝(ru)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎?”曾子(zi)避席曰:“参(can)(can)不敏,何足(zu)以知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”参(can)(can),曾子(zi)名也。礼(li):师有(you)问,避席起答(da)。敏,达(da)(da)也。言参(can)(can)不达(da)(da),何足(zu)知(zhi)此至要(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)?子(zi)曰:“夫孝(xiao),德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)也,人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行莫大於孝(xiao),故为德(de)(de)本(ben)。教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)由生(sheng)也。言教(jiao)从孝(xiao)而生(sheng)。复(fu)坐,吾(wu)语汝(ru)。曾参(can)(can)起对,故使复(fu)坐。
[疏]子曰至语汝。
○正义曰:“子”者,孔子自谓。案《公羊传》云:“子者,男子通称也。”古者谓师为子,故夫子以子自称。“曰”者,辞也。言先代圣帝明王,皆行至美之德、要约之道,以顺天下人心而教化之,天下之人,被服其教。用此之故,并自相和睦,上下尊卑,无相怨者。参,汝能知之乎?又假言参闻夫子之说,乃避所居之席,起而对曰:参性不聪敏,何足以知先王至德要道之言义?既叙曾子不知,夫子又为释之曰:夫孝,德行之根本也。释“先王有至德要道”。谓至德要道,元出於孝,孝为之本也。云“教之所生也”者,此释“以顺天下,民用和睦,上下无怨”。谓王教由孝而生也。孝道深广,非立可终,故使“复坐,吾语汝”也。
○注孝者至无怨。
○正义曰:云“孝者,德之至,道之要也”者,依王肃义,德以孝而至,道以孝而要,是道德不离於孝。殷仲文曰:“穷理之至,以一管众为要。”刘炫曰:“性未达,何足知?”言性未达,何足知至要之义者,谓自云性不达,何足知此先王至德要道之义也。
○注人之至德本。
○正义曰:此依郑注引其《圣治章》文也,言孝行最大,故为德之本也。德则至德也。
○注言教从孝而生。
○正义曰:此依韦注也。案《礼记·祭义》称曾子云:“众之本教曰孝。”《尚书》:“敬敷五教。”解者谓教父以义,教母以慈,教兄以友,教弟以恭,教子以孝。举此,则其余顺人之教皆可知也。
○注(zhu)曾参至复坐(zuo)正义(yi)曰:此义(yi)已(yi)见於上。
身体(ti)发肤,受之(zhi)父(fu)母,不敢毁(hui)伤,孝(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)始也。父(fu)母全而(er)生之(zhi),已当(dang)全而(er)归之(zhi),故不敢毁(hui)伤。立(li)(li)身行(xing)道,扬(yang)名於后世,以显父(fu)母,孝(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)终(zhong)也。言能立(li)(li)身行(xing)此孝(xiao)(xiao)道,自(zi)然名扬(yang)后世,光显其亲,故行(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)以不毁(hui)为(wei)先,扬(yang)名为(wei)后。
[疏]身体至终也。
○正义曰:身谓躬也,体谓四支也,发谓毛发,肤谓皮肤。《礼运》曰:“四体既正,肤革充盈。”《诗》曰:“鬓发如云。”此则身体发肤之谓也。言为人子者,常须戒慎,战战兢兢,恐致毁伤,此行孝之始也。又言孝行非唯不毁而已,须成立其身,使善名扬於后代,以光荣其父母,此孝行之终也。若行孝道,不至扬名荣亲,则未得为立身也。
○注父母至毁伤。
○正义曰:云“父母全而生之,已当全而归之”者,此依郑注引《祭义》乐正子春之言也。言子之初生,受全体於父母,故当常自念虑,至死全而归之,若曾子“启手启足”之类是也。云“故不敢毁伤”者,毁谓亏辱,伤谓损伤。故夫子云:“不亏其体,不辱其身,可谓全矣。”及郑注《周礼》“禁杀戮”云“见血为伤”是也。
○注言能(neng)至其(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)。正义曰(yue)(yue):云(yun)“能(neng)言立身(shen)(shen)(shen)行(xing)此孝(xiao)道(dao)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓人(ren)将立其(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen),先须(xu)行(xing)此孝(xiao)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)行(xing)孝(xiao)道(dao)之事,则(ze)下文“始(shi)(shi)於事亲(qin),中於事君”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“自然名(ming)(ming)扬(yang)(yang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)世,光(guang)荣其(qi)亲(qin)”者(zhe)(zhe),皇(huang)侃云(yun):“若(ruo)生能(neng)行(xing)孝(xiao),没而扬(yang)(yang)名(ming)(ming),则(ze)身(shen)(shen)(shen)有(you)德誉,乃能(neng)光(guang)荣其(qi)父母也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”因引《祭义》曰(yue)(yue):“孝(xiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),国(guo)人(ren)称原然,曰(yue)(yue):幸哉!有(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)如此。”又引《哀公问》称孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)对曰(yue)(yue):“君子(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),人(ren)之成名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。百姓归之名(ming)(ming),谓之君子(zi)(zi)(zi)之子(zi)(zi)(zi)。是使其(qi)亲(qin)为君子(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此则(ze)扬(yang)(yang)名(ming)(ming)荣亲(qin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“故(gu)行(xing)孝(xiao)以不毁为先”者(zhe)(zhe),全其(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)为孝(xiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之始(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“扬(yang)(yang)名(ming)(ming)为后(hou)(hou)(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓后(hou)(hou)(hou)行(xing)孝(xiao)道(dao)为孝(xiao)之终也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫不敢毁伤(shang),阖棺乃止,立身(shen)(shen)(shen)行(xing)道(dao),弱冠(guan)须(xu)明经。虽言其(qi)始(shi)(shi)终,此略示有(you)先后(hou)(hou)(hou),非谓不敢毁伤(shang)唯在於始(shi)(shi),立身(shen)(shen)(shen)独在於终也(ye)(ye)(ye)。明不敢毁伤(shang),立身(shen)(shen)(shen)行(xing)道(dao),从(cong)始(shi)(shi)至末,两(liang)行(xing)无怠。此於次有(you)先后(hou)(hou)(hou),非於事理有(you)终始(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
夫孝始於事(shi)亲(qin),中於事(shi)君,终於立身。言(yan)行孝以事(shi)亲(qin)为(wei)始,事(shi)君为(wei)中。忠孝道(dao)著,乃能扬名荣亲(qin),故曰终於立身也。
[疏]夫孝至立身。
○正义曰:夫为人子者,先能全身而后能行其道也。夫行道者,谓先能事亲而后能立其身。前言立身,末示其迹。其迹,始者在於内事其亲也;中者在於出事其主;忠孝皆备,扬名荣亲,是终於立身也。
○注言行至身也。
○正(zheng)义曰:云(yun)(yun)“言行孝(xiao)以(yi)事亲(qin)(qin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)始,事君为(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)”者,此释始於(wu)(wu)事亲(qin)(qin),中(zhong)於(wu)(wu)事君也。云(yun)(yun)“忠孝(xiao)道著,乃能扬名荣亲(qin)(qin),故曰终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)於(wu)(wu)立(li)(li)身也”者,此释终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)於(wu)(wu)立(li)(li)身也。然能事亲(qin)(qin)事君,理(li)兼(jian)士(shi)庶,则终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)於(wu)(wu)立(li)(li)身,此通贵贱焉(yan)。郑(zheng)玄以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)“父母生(sheng)之(zhi),是事亲(qin)(qin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)始。四十强而(er)仕(shi)(shi),是事君为(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)。七十致(zhi)仕(shi)(shi),是立(li)(li)身为(wei)(wei)(wei)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也”者,刘炫驳云(yun)(yun):“若以(yi)始为(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)家,终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)致(zhi)仕(shi)(shi),则兆庶皆能有始,人君所以(yi)无(wu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。若以(yi)年七十者始为(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)致(zhi)仕(shi)(shi)者皆为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)立(li)(li),则中(zhong)寿(shou)之(zhi)辈尽曰不(bu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),颜子(zi)之(zhi)流亦无(wu)所立(li)(li)矣。”
《大雅》云:‘无(wu)念尔(er)祖,聿脩厥(jue)德。’《诗·大雅》也(ye)(ye)。无(wu)念,念也(ye)(ye)。聿,述也(ye)(ye)。厥(jue),其也(ye)(ye)。义(yi)取恒念先祖,述脩其德。
[疏]大雅至厥德。
○正义曰:夫子叙述立身行道扬名之义既毕,乃引《大雅·文王》之诗以结之。言凡为人子孙者,常念尔之先祖,常述修其功德也。
○注诗大至其德。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):云(yun)“无(wu)念(nian),念(nian)也(ye)”,“聿,述(shu)(shu)也(ye)”,此(ci)并《毛传》文;“厥,其(qi)也(ye)”,《释(shi)言》文。云(yun)“义取常(chang)念(nian)先祖,述(shu)(shu)脩其(qi)德”者(zhe),此(ci)依孔(kong)传也(ye)。谓述(shu)(shu)修先祖之德而(er)(er)行(xing)之。此(ci)经有(you)十一章(zhang)(zhang)引(yin)(yin)《诗(shi)》及《书》。刘(liu)炫云(yun):“夫(fu)子(zi)叙经,申述(shu)(shu)先王(wang)之道。《诗(shi)》、《书》之语,事(shi)有(you)当其(qi)义者(zhe),则(ze)(ze)引(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)证之,示言不(bu)虚发(fa)也(ye)。七章(zhang)(zhang)不(bu)引(yin)(yin)者(zhe),或事(shi)义相违,或文势自足(zu),则(ze)(ze)不(bu)引(yin)(yin)也(ye)。五经唯《传》引(yin)(yin)《诗(shi)》,而(er)(er)《礼(li)》则(ze)(ze)杂引(yin)(yin),《诗(shi)》、《书》及《易》并意(yi)及则(ze)(ze)引(yin)(yin)。若(ruo)(ruo)泛指,则(ze)(ze)云(yun)‘《诗(shi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)’、‘《诗(shi)》云(yun)’;若(ruo)(ruo)指四始(shi)之名,即云(yun)《国风》、《大雅(ya)》、《小雅(ya)》、《鲁颂》、《商(shang)颂》;若(ruo)(ruo)指篇名,即言‘《勺》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)’、‘《武》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)’:皆随所便而(er)(er)引(yin)(yin)之,无(wu)定例也(ye)。”郑注云(yun):“雅(ya)者(zhe),正(zheng)也(ye)。方始(shi)发(fa)章(zhang)(zhang),以正(zheng)为始(shi)。”亦(yi)无(wu)取焉(yan)。