安砚方 译注
【说明与解析】
公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前806年(nian),周(zhou)(zhou)宣王封其弟友于郑(zheng)(今陕(shan)西华(hua)县东(dong)),是为(wei)(wei)郑(zheng)桓公(gong)(gong)。周(zhou)(zhou)幽王时,身为(wei)(wei)周(zhou)(zhou)王室司徒(tu)的郑(zheng)桓公(gong)(gong),看到(dao)西周(zhou)(zhou)行将灭(mie)亡,就在太史(shi)(shi)伯的建议下,将财(cai)产(chan)、部族(zu)、宗族(zu)连同商人迁移到(dao)东(dong)虢(guó,国(guo))和(he)郐(kuai)之间(jian)(今河南嵩山以(yi)(yi)东(dong)地(di)区)。两年(nian)后(hou),犬戎杀死周(zhou)(zhou)幽王,并(bing)杀郑(zheng)桓公(gong)(gong)。继位的郑(zheng)武公(gong)(gong)攻灭(mie)郐(kuai)和(he)东(dong)虢,建立(li)郑(zheng)国(guo),都新郑(zheng)。郑(zheng)武公(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)和(he)郑(zheng)庄公(gong)(gong)相继为(wei)(wei)周(zhou)(zhou)平王卿士,且能(neng)控制内(nei)部卿大夫的势(shi)力(li),在春秋初年(nian)的历(li)史(shi)(shi)上,郑(zheng)国(guo)甚为(wei)(wei)活跃。但以(yi)(yi)后(hou)由于内(nei)乱叠起(qi),国(guo)势(shi)逐(zhu)渐衰(shuai)弱,于公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前375年(nian)为(wei)(wei)韩国(guo)所灭(mie)。《郑(zheng)世家》向(xiang)人们介绍(shao)了(le)这个夹在大国(guo)之间(jian)的小国(guo)的艰(jian)难曲折(zhe)的发展(zhan)历(li)程。子产(chan)对(dui)于郑(zheng)国(guo)的生存和(he)发展(zhan)做出了(le)巨大贡献。
子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)知识渊博,以(yi)(yi)礼治政(zheng)(zheng),仁义(yi)爱人,善于(yu)辞令(ling)。他(ta)在(zai)为郑(zheng)国(guo)卿之时,使(shi)郑(zheng)国(guo)免于(yu)失败(bai)。当(dang)(dang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)弑杀(sha)公(gong)(gong)并“欲(yu)自立为君(jun)”时,公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)孔又派尉(wei)止去杀(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)而“欲(yu)自立”,这时,子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)说:“子(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)为不可(ke),诛之,今之效之,是乱无(wu)时息(xi)也。”从而制止了(le)即将发(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的无(wu)休止的内乱,安定了(le)郑(zheng)国(guo)。郑(zheng)君(jun)“封子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)以(yi)(yi)六(liu)邑”,子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)反(fan)复谦(qian)让,只“受其(qi)三邑”。在(zai)郑(zheng)“执政(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)侈(chi)”的环(huan)境中,子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)的行(xing)(xing)为能可(ke)贵的。因此,当(dang)(dang)诸(zhu)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)争(zheng)宠相杀(sha),又欲(yu)杀(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)时,有的公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不得(de)不进谏说:“子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)仁人,郑(zheng)所以(yi)(yi)存(cun)者(zhe)(zhe)子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)也,勿杀(sha)!”可(ke)见(jian),是子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)保存(cun)了(le)郑(zheng)国(guo)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)多次随(sui)从郑(zheng)出使(shi)晋、楚(chu)大国(guo),并郑(zheng)君(jun)会见(jian)各国(guo)诸(zhu)侯,搞(gao)好外交,使(shi)郑(zheng)国(guo)在(zai)复杂(za)的环(huan)境中得(de)以(yi)(yi)顺(shun)利发(fa)(fa)展。子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)曾谓韩宣(xuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰:“为政(zheng)(zheng)必以(yi)(yi)德,毋忘所以(yi)(yi)立。”当(dang)(dang)郑(zheng)国(guo)发(fa)(fa)生(sheng)火灾(zai),郑(zheng)君(jun)“欲(yu)禳之”时,子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)建议:“不如(ru)修德。”因而当(dang)(dang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)去世后(hou),“郑(zheng)人皆哭泣,悲之如(ru)亡亲(qin)戚。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)的言行(xing)(xing)赢得(de)了(le)百姓由(you)衷的崇敬(jing)。
《左传(chuan)》还记(ji)载了子(zi)(zi)产(chan)最著名的(de)(de)主张,即“不(bu)(bu)(bu)毁(hui)(hui)乡校(xiao)”。“郑人(ren)(ren)(ren)游于(yu)乡校(xiao),以(yi)论执(zhi)政。”然(ran)明建议(yi)(yi)(yi)子(zi)(zi)产(chan)“毁(hui)(hui)乡校(xiao)”,但子(zi)(zi)产(chan)说(shuo)(shuo):“夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)朝夕退而(er)(er)游焉,以(yi)议(yi)(yi)(yi)执(zhi)政之(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)(shan)否。其所(suo)善(shan)(shan)者(zhe),吾(wu)(wu)则行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)。其所(suo)恶者(zhe),吾(wu)(wu)则改之(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)吾(wu)(wu)师也(ye)。若之(zhi)(zhi)何毁(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)?我闻忠善(shan)(shan)以(yi)损怨,不(bu)(bu)(bu)闻作恶以(yi)防凶(xiong)。岂不(bu)(bu)(bu)遽止(zhi),然(ran)犹防川,大(da)决(jue)(jue)所(suo)犯,伤(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)必(bi)多(duo),吾(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)克救也(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)小决(jue)(jue)使道(dao)(dao)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)吾(wu)(wu)闻而(er)(er)药之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。”允许人(ren)(ren)(ren)们(men)随意议(yi)(yi)(yi)论“执(zhi)政之(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)(shan)否”,这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)对(dui)统(tong)(tong)治者(zhe)来说(shuo)(shuo),就已经十分不(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)了,而(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)产(chan)身居(ju)卿(qing)相之(zhi)(zhi)高位(wei),居(ju)然(ran)主动提出这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)种主张,并(bing)保留乡校(xiao);从人(ren)(ren)(ren)们(men)的(de)(de)议(yi)(yi)(yi)论中,择善(shan)(shan)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi),择恶改之(zhi)(zhi),这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)对(dui)统(tong)(tong)治者(zhe)来说(shuo)(shuo),就是(shi)更上一层楼了。而(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)产(chan)决(jue)(jue)心实施(shi)这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)一措施(shi),并(bing)深(shen)刻认识到,只有(you)行(xing)于(yu)忠善(shan)(shan)才能最终减少怨恨(hen)。向(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)们(men)施(shi)展权威(wei)固能防止(zhi)怨恨(hen),制止(zhi)议(yi)(yi)(yi)论,但这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)却如(ru)同“防川”,终有(you)一天“大(da)决(jue)(jue)所(suo)犯,伤(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)必(bi)多(duo),吾(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)克救也(ye)”,“不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)小决(jue)(jue)使道(dao)(dao)”,让自己把人(ren)(ren)(ren)们(men)的(de)(de)议(yi)(yi)(yi)论当作苦口良药,从而(er)(er)调整政策,修正错误。在两(liang)千(qian)多(duo)年(nian)前(qian),就能具(ju)有(you)这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)样的(de)(de)高明见(jian)解(jie),实为凤毛(mao)麟角。子(zi)(zi)产(chan)的(de)(de)主张、论断、见(jian)解(jie)也(ye)可(ke)算作我国传(chuan)统(tong)(tong)文化的(de)(de)精华。可(ke)惜,司马迁(qian)在《史(shi)记(ji)》中对(dui)子(zi)(zi)产(chan)的(de)(de)记(ji)载甚少,这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)的(de)(de)确是(shi)个缺(que)憾。
郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)在不(bu)长的(de)(de)历史中还产生了具有爱(ai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)行为(wei)的(de)(de)商(shang)人弦高(gao)(gao)。“秦(qin)谬公使(shi)三将将兵欲袭郑(zheng),至滑,逢(feng)郑(zheng)贾人弦高(gao)(gao)”,弦高(gao)(gao)急中生智(zhi),拿(na)出自己(ji)做生意用的(de)(de)十(shi)二头牛慰劳秦(qin)军(jun),秦(qin)谬公竟(jing)误(wu)以为(wei)郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)早已获得秦(qin)军(jun)偷袭的(de)(de)消息而作好迎战的(de)(de)充分准备,便急率军(jun)回国(guo)(guo)(guo)。弦高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)爱(ai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)行为(wei)使(shi)郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)免遭一场灭顶之灾。
郑(zheng)(zheng)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)友是(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)厉王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)小儿子,周(zhou)(zhou)宣(xuan)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)弟(di)弟(di)。宣(xuan)王(wang)(wang)即位(wei)二十二年,友才被封到郑(zheng)(zheng)地。封了三(san)十三(san)年,百(bai)(bai)姓都(dou)(dou)喜(xi)爱他(ta)(ta)。幽王(wang)(wang)任命他(ta)(ta)为司徒。他(ta)(ta)使(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)朝百(bai)(bai)姓和睦(mu)相处(chu),百(bai)(bai)姓都(dou)(dou)十分高兴(xing),黄河、洛水(shui)流(liu)(liu)域的(de)(de)(de)人们都(dou)(dou)思(si)念他(ta)(ta)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)他(ta)(ta)做司徒一年的(de)(de)(de)时候(hou),因为幽王(wang)(wang)宠(chong)爱褒姒,朝迁政(zheng)事(shi)废弃不顾(gu),问(wen)题积重难返,有些诸侯背叛了幽王(wang)(wang),于是(shi)(shi)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)询问(wen)太(tai)(tai)史(shi)伯(bo)(bo)说:“王(wang)(wang)室(shi)灾难深(shen)重,我(wo)(wo)怎么(me)才能死(si)里(li)逃生呢(ni)?”太(tai)(tai)史(shi)伯(bo)(bo)回答(da)(da)(da)说:“只有洛水(shui)东(dong)、黄河南可以安居(ju)。”桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)问(wen):“为什么(me)?”太(tai)(tai)史(shi)伯(bo)(bo)回答(da)(da)(da)说:“那(nei)一带(dai)邻近(jin)虢(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、虢(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君既贪(tan)婪(lan)(lan)又(you)喜(xi)好(hao)(hao)占小便宜,百(bai)(bai)姓不顺从他(ta)(ta)们。现在(zai)(zai)(zai),您是(shi)(shi)司徒,百(bai)(bai)姓都(dou)(dou)热爱您,您如(ru)真的(de)(de)(de)请(qing)(qing)求住(zhu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)那(nei)一带(dai),虢(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君看到您正当权,会(hui)很容(rong)易地分给您土地。您如(ru)真的(de)(de)(de)住(zhu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)那(nei)一带(dai),虢(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)姓都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)您的(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)姓了。”桓(huan)(huan)公(gong):“我(wo)(wo)想到南边的(de)(de)(de)长江流(liu)(liu)域住(zhu),怎么(me)样?”太(tai)(tai)史(shi)回答(da)(da)(da)说:“过去(qu)祝(zhu)融替高辛氏掌(zhang)管火,功(gong)劳甚(shen)大,但他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)代(dai)(dai)(dai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)朝也没有兴(xing)盛起来,楚国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)就是(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)代(dai)(dai)(dai)。周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)室(shi)衰(shuai)弱,楚国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一定兴(xing)盛。楚国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)如(ru)果兴(xing)盛,对(dui)郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)绝对(dui)没有好(hao)(hao)处(chu)。”桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)说;“我(wo)(wo)想住(zhu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)西(xi)方,怎么(me)样?”太(tai)(tai)史(shi)伯(bo)(bo)回答(da)(da)(da)说:“那(nei)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)姓既贪(tan)婪(lan)(lan)又(you)好(hao)(hao)利,难以久(jiu)居(ju)。”桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)说:“周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)室(shi)衰(shuai)弱,哪国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)将兴(xing)盛呢(ni)?”太(tai)(tai)史(shi)伯(bo)(bo)回答(da)(da)(da)说:“齐、秦(qin)、晋、楚吧(ba)?齐国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),姓姜,是(shi)(shi)伯(bo)(bo)夷的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)代(dai)(dai)(dai),伯(bo)(bo)夷曾(ceng)辅(fu)助(zhu)尧掌(zhang)管仪制度(du)。秦(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),姓嬴,是(shi)(shi)伯(bo)(bo)翳(yi)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)代(dai)(dai)(dai),伯(bo)(bo)翳(yi)曾(ceng)辅(fu)助(zhu)舜使(shi)很多部落顺服。至于楚国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)祖(zu)先,也都(dou)(dou)曾(ceng)为天下人建立(li)了功(gong)业(ye)。周(zhou)(zhou)武王(wang)(wang)战胜纣王(wang)(wang)后(hou)(hou)(hou),成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)把(ba)唐封给叔虞,那(nei)里(li)山(shan)川(chuan)险(xian)阻,凭(ping)这些有德的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)代(dai)(dai)(dai)与衰(shuai)弱的(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)(zhou)室(shi)并存,晋国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也一定能兴(xing)盛了。”桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)说:“好(hao)(hao)吧(ba)。”于是(shi)(shi)急(ji)速向幽王(wang)(wang)请(qing)(qing)示,把(ba)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)姓迁移到洛水(shui)东(dong)部,虢(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君果然(ran)向他(ta)(ta)贡献(xian)出十座城邑,他(ta)(ta)终于建立(li)了郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。
二年(nian)(前771),犬(quan)戎在骊山下杀死了幽王,也杀死了桓(huan)(huan)公。郑(zheng)人(ren)拥立桓(huan)(huan)公的儿子掘突,这是武公。
武(wu)公(gong)于(yu)十(shi)年(前761),娶(qu)了(le)申侯(hou)的女儿(er)做夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),叫(jiao)武(wu)姜。武(wu)姜生(sheng)(sheng)下(xia)太(tai)子寤(wu)生(sheng)(sheng),生(sheng)(sheng)时(shi)是难(nan)产,等(deng)到(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)下(xia)后(hou),夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不喜(xi)欢寤(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)。后(hou)来武(wu)姜又生(sheng)(sheng)下(xia)小(xiao)儿(er)子叔(shu)(shu)段(duan),生(sheng)(sheng)段(duan)时(shi)是顺产,夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)十(shi)分喜(xi)爱叔(shu)(shu)段(duan)。二十(shi)七(qi)年(前744),武(wu)公(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)病了(le),夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)向武(wu)公(gong)请求,想立(li)段(duan)为太(tai)子,武(wu)公(gong)未答应。当年,武(wu)公(gong)逝世(shi)了(le),寤(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)即位,这是庄公(gong)。
庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)于元(yuan)年(前(qian)(qian)743),把(ba)他(ta)的弟弟叔(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)封到(dao)京城,号称(cheng)太(tai)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)。祭(zhài,债)仲(zhong)说:“京城大于国都,不可(ke)(ke)以封给弟弟。”庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)说:“武(wu)(wu)姜想这样,我(wo)不敢反对(dui)。”叔(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)到(dao)了京,整顿军(jun)备,与他(ta)的母(mu)亲武(wu)(wu)姜阴谋(mou)袭(xi)击(ji)郑(zheng)都。二(er)十二(er)年(前(qian)(qian)722),叔(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)果(guo)然袭(xi)击(ji)了郑(zheng)都,武(wu)(wu)姜做内应。庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)派军(jun)攻(gong)打叔(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan),段(duan)逃(tao)跑(pao)公(gong)(gong)又(you)攻(gong)打京城,京城的人们都背(bei)叛了叔(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan),叔(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)面(mian)(mian)对(dui)无奈逃(tao)跑(pao)到(dao)鄢。鄢邑的百(bai)姓溃逃(tao)了。叔(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)不得已逃(tao)亡到(dao)共国。于是庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)把(ba)他(ta)的母(mu)亲武(wu)(wu)姜迁徙到(dao)城颍,发誓说:“不到(dao)黄泉(quan)(quan),不与她见面(mian)(mian)。”过(guo)了一年多,庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)又(you)后(hou)悔自己说过(guo)的话,很想念(nian)母(mu)亲。颍谷的考叔(shu)(shu)(shu)向庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)献(xian)礼,庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)赐(ci)给她食(shi)物(wu)。考叔(shu)(shu)(shu)说:“我(wo)有(you)(you)老母(mu),请您(nin)把(ba)食(shi)物(wu)赐(ci)给我(wo)的母(mu)亲吧(ba)。”庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)说:“我(wo)很思念(nian)我(wo)的母(mu)亲,但又(you)厌恶违(wei)背(bei)誓言,怎(zen)么办(ban)呢?”考叔(shu)(shu)(shu)说:“控条地道到(dao)有(you)(you)泉(quan)(quan)水处,你们母(mu)子就可(ke)(ke)见面(mian)(mian)了。”于是庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)依照他(ta)的办(ban)法(fa),终于见到(dao)母(mu)亲。
二(er)(er)十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)720),宋(song)缪公(gong)逝世,公(gong)子冯(feng)(píng,凭(ping))逃(tao)到郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)侵夺周室田(tian)地,攫(jue)取(qu)了(le)(le)田(tian)里的(de)庄(zhuang)稼。二(er)(er)十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)719),卫国(guo)(guo)(guo)州吁杀死(si)了(le)(le)自己(ji)的(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)桓公(gong)即(ji)位(wei),与(yu)宋(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)联合讨(tao)伐(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo),因为郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)接(jie)纳了(le)(le)公(gong)子冯(feng)的(de)缘故。二(er)(er)十七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)717),郑(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)(jun)才朝(chao)拜(bai)周桓王(wang)(wang)(wang),桓王(wang)(wang)(wang)对郑(zheng)(zheng)攫(jue)取(qu)庄(zhuang)稼一事很生气,没有(you)按礼仪对待他。二(er)(er)十九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)715),庄(zhuang)公(gong)生气周桓王(wang)(wang)(wang)没有(you)礼遇自己(ji),故意用(yong)祊(bēng,崩)与(yu)鲁国(guo)(guo)(guo)交换了(le)(le)靠(kao)近许国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)鲁国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)田(tian)地。三十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)711)宋(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)杀死(si)了(le)(le)孔父(fu)。三十七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)707),庄(zhuang)公(gong)不朝(chao)拜(bai)周桓王(wang)(wang)(wang),桓王(wang)(wang)(wang)率领陈、蔡、虢、卫国(guo)(guo)(guo)讨(tao)伐(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。庄(zhuang)公(gong)和祭仲(zhong)、高(gao)渠(qu)弥出(chu)兵(bing)迎击(ji)(ji),大败桓王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)军队,祝(zhu)聸射中了(le)(le)桓王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)手臂。祝(zhu)聸请求继(ji)续追击(ji)(ji)桓王(wang)(wang)(wang),郑(zheng)(zheng)庄(zhuang)公(gong)阻止(zhi)他说:“侵犯(fan)长者尚且(qie)要遭(zao)到责难,何况欺(qi)辱天子呢?”于是祝(zhu)聸才停(ting)止(zhi)追击(ji)(ji)。庄(zhuang)公(gong)深夜(ye)派祭仲(zhong)询(xun)问桓王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)箭伤。
三十(shi)八年(nian)(前706),北戎讨伐齐(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo),齐(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)派(pai)使者向郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)求(qiu)援(yuan),郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)派(pai)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)忽(hu)领军(jun)救援(yuan)齐(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。齐(qi)(xī,西)公想把(ba)女儿嫁给太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)忽(hu)。忽(hu)辞谢说:“我(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)个小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo),不宜和齐(qi)大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)相匹配。”当时,祭仲与太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)在一起,规劝(quan)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)答应娶亲,说:“我(wo)们郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君有很多(duo)宠爱的(de)(de)姬妾,太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)得不到(dao)太(tai)(tai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)援(yuan)助将(jiang)不能即位,三位公子(zi)(zi)(zi)都可以成为国(guo)(guo)(guo)君。”祭仲所(suo)说的(de)(de)三位公子(zi)(zi)(zi),有太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)忽(hu),及他的(de)(de)弟弟突,小(xiao)弟弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wěi,伟)。
四十三(san)年(前701),郑庄公(gong)逝世。当初(chu),祭仲很受庄公(gong)宠信(xin),庄公(gong)让(rang)他作(zuo)上卿,庄公(gong)让(rang)祭仲为自己迎娶了邓国美女,生下了太子忽(hu),所(suo)以(yi)祭仲立忽(hu)为君,这就是昭公(gong)。
庄公(gong)(gong)又曾娶宋(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)的雍(yong)氏(shi)女(nv)子,生下厉(li)公(gong)(gong)突。雍(yong)氏(shi)女(nv)子很(hen)受国(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)宠爱。宋(song)(song)(song)庄公(gong)(gong)听(ting)说(shuo)(shuo)祭(ji)仲(zhong)拥(yong)(yong)立(li)忽(hu),就派人把(ba)祭(ji)仲(zhong)骗来逮捕了他,威胁(xie)他说(shuo)(shuo):“不立(li)突为(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun),将处死你。”宋(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)逮捕了突求(qiu)取(qu)贿赂。祭(ji)仲(zhong)答应了宋(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo),并(bing)与宋(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)盟誓。他准备带(dai)着(zhe)突回国(guo)(guo),拥(yong)(yong)立(li)突为(wei)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)。昭公(gong)(gong)忽(hu)听(ting)说(shuo)(shuo)祭(ji)仲(zhong)因宋(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)的要(yao)挟拥(yong)(yong)立(li)自己的弟(di)弟(di)突为(wei)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun),九月丁亥日(ri),忽(hu)逃(tao)到了卫(wei)国(guo)(guo)。己亥日(ri),突来到郑都即(ji)位,这(zhei)是(shi)厉(li)公(gong)(gong)。
厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)四年(前697),祭(ji)(ji)仲专权。厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)提心(xin)此事(shi)(shi),暗(an)中让祭(ji)(ji)仲的女(nv)婿纠(jiu)杀死祭(ji)(ji)仲。雍纠(jiu)的妻子是祭(ji)(ji)仲的女(nv)儿(er),她知道此事(shi)(shi)后,问母(mu)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin):“父亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)与丈夫(fu)哪一(yi)位更亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)。”母(mu)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)说:“父亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)只有(you)一(yi)个,丈夫(fu)却可以有(you)很多(duo)选择(ze)的!”祭(ji)(ji)仲女(nv)就把此事(shi)(shi)告诉了(le)祭(ji)(ji)仲,祭(ji)(ji)仲反(fan)而杀死了(le)雍纠(jiu),并暴尸于闹市上。厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)对祭(ji)(ji)仲无可奈何,对雍纠(jiu)却很生气,说:“与妇人商量,死本(ben)来(lai)就活该了(le),”夏(xia)季,厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)被(bei)赶到边界的栎邑(yi)居住。祭(ji)(ji)仲迎来(lai)了(le)昭公(gong)(gong)忽(hu),六月乙亥(hai)日,忽(hu)又回到郑(zheng)都即位了(le)。
秋(qiu)季,郑(zheng)厉(li)公依靠邑(yi)的人杀死(si)了栎(li)(li)邑(yi)大夫单伯,于(yu)是就(jiu)定居在栎(li)(li)邑(yi)。诸(zhu)侯们听说厉(li)公逃跑了,就(jiu)讨(tao)伐郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),但没有战(zhan)胜郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)就(jiu)离去了。宋国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)赠给厉(li)公很多军队(dui),让他在栎(li)(li)邑(yi)坚(jian)守防备,郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)因此也不(bu)再讨(tao)伐邑(yi)。
昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二年(前695),从昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)做(zuo)太子时,父亲庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就想(xiang)拜(bai)高(gao)渠(qu)弥(mi)为上卿,太子忽厌恶高(gao)渠(qu)弥(mi),庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)听忽的意见,终于让渠(qu)弥(mi)做(zuo)了卿。等到昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即位,渠(qu)弥(mi)担心昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)杀害自(zi)己,冬季(ji)十月辛(xin)卯日,渠(qu)弥(mi)与(yu)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出外打猎,在郊野射杀了昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。祭仲与(yu)渠(qu)弥(mi)不(bu)敢接纳厉(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),便改立(li)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的弟弟子亹做(zuo)国君,就称(cheng)子亹,他没有谥号。
子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)元年(前694)七月,齐(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)在首止会合诸侯(hou),郑子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)赴会,高渠弥辅佐,跟从子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)前往(wang),祭仲借口(kou)有病没去(qu)。祭仲之所(suo)以这样做,是因为(wei)(wei)在齐(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)做公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)时,子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)曾经与他(ta)相斗过(guo),双方结仇,等到诸侯(hou)相会时,祭仲请求子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)不要(yao)去(qu)。子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)说:“齐(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)强(qiang)大,厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)又住(zhu)在栎,假使我不去(qu),齐(qi)(qi)(qi)就会率领诸侯(hou)攻打(da)我,并(bing)让厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)回到国(guo)都。我不如前往(wang),去(qu)了(le)为(wei)(wei)什么一定受辱呢,而且(qie),又为(wei)(wei)何一定落(luo)到象你所(suo)设(she)想的(de)那步田地呢!”子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)终于前往(wang)了(le)。祭仲担心齐(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)会杀(sha)死子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)及随从,所(suo)以声称(cheng)有病。子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)到了(le)首止,也未向齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)道歉,齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)十分生气,就设(she)下伏(fu)兵杀(sha)死了(le)子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)。高渠弥逃回了(le)郑国(guo),与祭仲商(shang)议,把(ba)子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)的(de)弟弟公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)婴(ying)从陈国(guo)叫来拥立成(cheng)国(guo)君,这是郑子(zi)(zi)。这一年,齐(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)让公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)彭生趁鲁公(gong)(gong)(gong)酒醉摧(cui)折(zhe)其肋骨杀(sha)死了(le)鲁桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)。
郑子八(ba)年(前686),齐国(guo)管至父等人作乱,杀(sha)死了自(zi)(zi)己的国(guo)君襄公。十(shi)二(er)年(前682),宋国(guo)人万长杀(sha)死了自(zi)(zi)己的国(guo)君湣公。这年,郑国(guo)祭仲去世(shi)了。
十四(si)年(前680),从前随郑(zheng)厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)突逃(tao)亡在栎(li)邑的(de)人派人诱骗动持了(le)(le)大夫甫假(jia)(jia),要(yao)挟甫帮助厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)回(hui)(hui)国(guo)都(dou)(dou)复位。甫假(jia)(jia)说(shuo):“赦(she)免我(wo),我(wo)替你杀死(si)郑(zheng)子(zi)让(rang)你回(hui)(hui)到(dao)国(guo)都(dou)(dou)。”厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)与他订立盟约(yue)后,才释放了(le)(le)他。六月甲子(zi)日,甫假(jia)(jia)杀死(si)了(le)(le)郑(zheng)子(zi)和他的(de)两个(ge)儿子(zi),并迎(ying)来厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)突,突从栎(li)又回(hui)(hui)来即(ji)位。当初,在郑(zheng)都(dou)(dou)南门(men)城(cheng)内有(you)一条蛇(she)与城(cheng)外一条蛇(she)争(zheng)斗(dou),城(cheng)内的(de)蛇(she)死(si)去(qu)。过了(le)(le)六年,厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)果(guo)然又回(hui)(hui)来了(le)(le)。厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)回(hui)(hui)到(dao)郑(zheng)都(dou)(dou)后就责备自己的(de)伯父(fu)原说(shuo):“我(wo)失去(qu)了(le)(le)国(guo)家(jia)到(dao)都(dou)(dou)外居住,伯父(fu)却无意接纳我(wo),也(ye)太过分(fen)了(le)(le)。”原说(shuo):“事奉(feng)国(guo)君不能(neng)有(you)二(er)心(xin),这是(shi)(shi)做人臣的(de)本分(fen)。我(wo)知(zhi)道罪过了(le)(le)。”说(shuo)完(wan)竟自杀身亡。厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)于(yu)是(shi)(shi)又对甫假(jia)(jia)说(shuo):“你事奉(feng)国(guo)君有(you)二(er)心(xin)。”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)杀死(si)了(le)(le)他。临死(si)甫假(jia)(jia)后悔地(di)说(shuo):“对郑(zheng)子(zi)的(de)大德不去(qu)报答而有(you)此下场,实在是(shi)(shi)应(ying)该啊!”
厉公(gong)突复位后(hou)元年(679),齐桓公(gong)开始称霸。
五年(前675),燕国(guo)、卫国(guo)与(yu)周(zhou)惠王(wang)的(de)弟(di)(di)(di)弟(di)(di)(di)颓(tui)一(yi)起讨伐周(zhou)惠王(wang),惠王(wang)逃到(dao)温,弟(di)(di)(di)弟(di)(di)(di)颓(tui)即(ji)位为周(zhou)王(wang)。六年(前674),惠王(wang)向(xiang)郑国(guo)告急,厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)率军攻打周(zhou)王(wang)子颓(tui),未打胜,于是厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)与(yu)周(zhou)惠王(wang)一(yi)起撤(che)回郑国(guo),惠王(wang)住在(zai)栎。七(qi)年(前673)的(de)春天,郑厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)与(yu)虢(guo)叔共同袭击杀(sha)死了王(wang)子颓(tui),护(hu)送惠王(wang)到(dao)周(zhou)都。
秋季,厉(li)公逝世,儿子文公踕(jié,洁(jie))即(ji)(ji)位。厉(li)公刚刚即(ji)(ji)位四年,就(jiu)逃到栎居(ju)住(zhu),在(zai)栎住(zhu)了十七年,又回(hui)到郑都,在(zai)位七年,与逃亡的时间加在(zai)一起总(zong)共二十八年。
文公(gong)十七年(前656),齐(qi)桓公(gong)率(lv)军打败了蔡国(guo),于是攻打楚国(guo),一直(zhi)打到召陵。
二十四年(前649),文公(gong)有一个(ge)名(ming)叫燕(yan)姞(ji)(jí,吉(ji))的(de)贱(jian)妾,梦到天帝(di)给(ji)她一株兰(lan)(lan)草(cao)说:“我(wo)是伯鯈(yóu,由)。我(wo)是你的(de)祖先。用这株兰(lan)(lan)草(cao)做你的(de)儿子,兰(lan)(lan)草(cao)有浓烈醇正的(de)香气。”燕(yan)姞(ji)把此梦告诉(su)文公(gong),文公(gong)便(bian)与她同房了。并赠送她兰(lan)(lan)草(cao)作为凭证。于(yu)是燕(yan)姞(ji)生(sheng)下了一个(ge)儿子,取名(ming)为兰(lan)(lan)。
三(san)十六年(前637),晋公(gong)子(zi)(zi)重耳路(lu)过郑(zheng)(zheng)国,郑(zheng)(zheng)文公(gong)没有礼待(dai)(dai)他。文公(gong)的弟弟叔(shu)詹(zhan)说:“重耳是(shi)(shi)贤人,又与咱们同姓,受(shou)穷困(kun)经(jing)过您处,您不能(neng)对他无礼。”文公(gong)说:“诸侯中逃亡(wang)的公(gong)子(zi)(zi)路(lu)过此处的有很多,怎么都能(neng)按礼招待(dai)(dai)他们呢!”叔(shu)詹(zhan)说:“您如(ru)果不礼待(dai)(dai)他,就杀(sha)死他,不杀(sha),他假使返回国内,就是(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)国的忧患了。”文公(gong)不听从叔(shu)詹(zhan)的意(yi)见。
三十(shi)七年(前636)的春天(tian),晋公(gong)(gong)子重耳返回晋国(guo),即位(wei)了(le),这就(jiu)是(shi)晋文(wen)公(gong)(gong)。秋季(ji),郑(zheng)国(guo)攻入滑(hua)国(guo),滑(hua)国(guo)唯(wei)郑(zheng)命是(shi)听,不(bu)久,滑(hua)国(guo)又(you)亲(qin)附卫(wei)国(guo),于(yu)是(shi)郑(zheng)国(guo)又(you)攻打(da)(da)滑(hua)国(guo)。周(zhou)襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)让(rang)伯(bo)(bo)服(fu)替滑(hua)国(guo)说情,郑(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)怨恨(hen)惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)曾逃到(dao)栎,是(shi)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)的父(fu)亲(qin)厉公(gong)(gong)护送(song)惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)回朝复位(wei)的,但惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)却(que)没有赏赐厉公(gong)(gong)爵位(wei)俸禄,又(you)怨恨(hen)襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)亲(qin)附卫(wei)国(guo),滑(hua)国(guo),所以文(wen)公(gong)(gong)不(bu)听从襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)为滑(hua)国(guo)的说情反而(er)囚禁(jin)了(le)伯(bo)(bo)服(fu)。襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)十(shi)分(fen)生气,联合翟人(ren)攻打(da)(da)郑(zheng)国(guo),没有获胜。冬季(ji),翟人(ren)攻打(da)(da)周(zhou)襄王(wang)(wang)(wang),襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)逃到(dao)郑(zheng)国(guo),郑(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)让(rang)襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)住在(zai)池(fàn,泛)。三十(shi)八年(前635),晋文(wen)公(gong)(gong)把周(zhou)襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)送(song)回成周(zhou)。
四十(shi)一年(632),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)帮助(zhu)楚国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)攻击晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。因(yin)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)当年路过郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)对(dui)他(ta)无(wu)礼,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)背叛晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)帮助(zhu)楚国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。四十(shi)三(san)年(前(qian)630),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)与秦缪公(gong)(gong)共同(tong)包围(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)都,讨伐郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)帮助(zhu)楚国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)攻打晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),以(yi)(yi)及文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)路过郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)的(de)(de)(de)无(wu)礼罪行。当初,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)有(you)三(san)位夫人(ren),五个(ge)(ge)宠(chong)爱的(de)(de)(de)儿子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),都因(yin)罪早死(si)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)厌恶子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)瑕,赶走了(le)(le)各(ge)位公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兰(lan)(lan)(lan)逃(tao)到(dao)(dao)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),跟从晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)包围(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)都。当时子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兰(lan)(lan)(lan)事(shi)奉晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)很(hen)恭(gong)敬(jing),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)十(shi)分(fen)宠(chong)幸他(ta)。他(ta)在晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)暗中活(huo)动,借(jie)机要(yao)求(qiu)回郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)做太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)这(zhei)(zhei)时想得(de)到(dao)(dao)叔(shu)詹(zhan)(zhan)并杀(sha)死(si)他(ta)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)很(hen)害(hai)怕,不敢对(dui)叔(shu)詹(zhan)(zhan)说(shuo)(shuo),叔(shu)詹(zhan)(zhan)听(ting)到(dao)(dao)这(zhei)(zhei)个(ge)(ge)情(qing)况,告诉郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)说(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)曾(ceng)对(dui)您(nin)说(shuo)(shuo),要(yao)杀(sha)死(si)重耳,您(nin)却不听(ting)从我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)意见(jian)(jian),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)终于成为(wei)我(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)忧患了(le)(le)。可是(shi)(shi)(shi)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之所(suo)以(yi)(yi)包围(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)都就是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)为(wei)我(wo)(wo),我(wo)(wo)死(si)了(le)(le)而能(neng)赦(she)免(mian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),这(zhei)(zhei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)心愿。”于是(shi)(shi)(shi)叔(shu)詹(zhan)(zhan)自杀(sha)了(le)(le)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)把叔(shu)詹(zhan)(zhan)尸首送给晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)说(shuo)(shuo):“一定(ding)想见(jian)(jian)一下郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun),污辱他(ta)后(hou)(hou)再离去。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)担(dan)心这(zhei)(zhei)件(jian)事(shi),就派人(ren)私下对(dui)秦国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)说(shuo)(shuo):“打败了(le)(le)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)对(dui)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)好处,并非对(dui)秦国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)利。”秦军(jun)(jun)听(ting)后(hou)(hou)才(cai)撤(che)军(jun)(jun)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)送子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兰(lan)(lan)(lan)到(dao)(dao)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)做太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),借(jie)机通(tong)报(bao)了(le)(le)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大夫石癸说(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)听(ting)说(shuo)(shuo)姓(xing)姞的(de)(de)(de)女儿是(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)稷的(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)配,她的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)裔应当有(you)兴发的(de)(de)(de),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兰(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)母亲就是(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)裔。况且夫人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)儿子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)都已不在世了(le)(le),剩下的(de)(de)(de)儿子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)没(mei)有(you)比得(de)上(shang)兰(lan)(lan)(lan)贤能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)。现在晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)包围(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)都很(hen)急迫(po),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)替子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兰(lan)(lan)(lan)请(qing)求(qiu)回郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),没(mei)有(you)比这(zhei)(zhei)个(ge)(ge)条件(jian)更好的(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)!”于是(shi)(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)答应了(le)(le)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),与晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)订立(li)(li)盟(meng)约,终于立(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兰(lan)(lan)(lan)为(wei)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)军(jun)(jun)才(cai)撤(che)走。
四(si)十五年(nian)(前628),郑文公逝世了,子兰即位,这是(shi)缪公。
缪公(gong)元(yuan)年(nian)(前627)的春天(tian),秦(qin)缪公(gong)派(pai)三位(wei)将军(jun)(jun)(jun)率军(jun)(jun)(jun)想攻打郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo),到(dao)了滑国(guo)(guo),遇上郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)商(shang)人弦高(gao),弦高(gao)诈称(cheng)奉郑(zheng)君之命用十二头牛犒劳秦(qin)劳,所以秦(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)没再继续进军(jun)(jun)(jun)就回(hui)国(guo)(guo)了,晋(jin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)在崤打败秦(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)。当初(chu),郑(zheng)文公(gong)逝(shi)世后,郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)都(dou)城的卫戍官缯(zeng)贺把郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)的内情(qing)出卖给秦(qin)国(guo)(guo),所以秦(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)才来攻打郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)。三年(nian)(前625),郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)派(pai)军(jun)(jun)(jun)跟从晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)攻打秦(qin)国(guo)(guo),在汪打败秦(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)。
楚国(guo)太(tai)子商臣杀死了自己的父(fu)亲成(cheng)王即位(wei)。二(er)十一年(前607),楚国(guo)与宋国(guo)华(hua)(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)攻打郑(zheng)国(guo)。华(hua)(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)宰羊犒劳士兵,却未(wei)给自己的驾(jia)车者羊斟肉食,羊斟恼怒把车赶到(dao)郑(zheng)国(guo),郑(zheng)国(guo)囚禁了华(hua)(hua)元(yuan)(yuan),宋国(guo)用(yong)重金赎回华(hua)(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)而华(hua)(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)早已逃走(zou)。晋国(guo)让赵穿(chuan)率(lv)军(jun)攻打郑(zheng)国(guo)。
二(er)十(shi)二(er)年(前(qian)606),郑(zheng)缪公逝世,儿子夷(yi)即位,这是灵公。
灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)年(nian)(前605)的春天(tian),楚国献给灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鼋(yuan)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)家(jia)、子(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)将要(yao)朝拜(bai)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),子(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的食(shi)(shi)指颤动了(le)一(yi)下,对(dui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)家(jia)说(shuo):“我的手指曾(ceng)动过,一(yi)定要(yao)吃珍(zhen)异食(shi)(shi)物了(le)。”等到入宫后,见(jian)到灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)进(jin)食(shi)(shi)鼋(yuan)汤,子(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)笑(xiao)道:“果然如此(ci)。”灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)问子(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为何(he)笑(xiao),子(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)把(ba)以上情况告(gao)诉了(le)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)叫他过去(qu)(qu),却唯独没把(ba)汤给他喝,子(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)很生气(qi),手指在汤里沾了(le)一(yi)下尝(chang)了(le)尝(chang)就(jiu)出了(le)宫。灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)很生气(qi),想(xiang)杀死(si)子(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与子(zi)(zi)(zi)家(jia)商义先下手。夏季,他们杀死(si)了(le)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。郑人(ren)想(xiang)立(li)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的弟(di)(di)(di)弟(di)(di)(di)去(qu)(qu)疾,去(qu)(qu)疾谦让说(shuo):“一(yi)定让贤能的人(ren)即位,而我去(qu)(qu)疾无才(cai)能;一(yi)定按长(zhang)少顺序(xu)即位,那么公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)坚比我年(nian)长(zhang)。”坚是(shi)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的弟(di)(di)(di)弟(di)(di)(di),去(qu)(qu)疾的哥哥。于是(shi)就(jiu)立(li)了(le)子(zi)(zi)(zi)坚为君,这是(shi)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。
襄(xiang)公即(ji)位(wei)后,将要(yao)把缪氏家族斩尽杀(sha)绝(jue)。缪氏是(shi)杀(sha)死灵公的子公的家族。去疾说:“一(yi)定要(yao)杀(sha)死缪氏家族,我也将要(yao)离开郑(zheng)国了。”襄(xiang)公这才停止。并任命缪氏都为(wei)大(da)夫。
襄公元年(前(qian)604),楚国(guo)(guo)生(sheng)气郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)接受(shou)了宋(song)国(guo)(guo)贿赂释(shi)放了华元,攻(gong)打郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)。郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)背叛(pan)楚国(guo)(guo),与晋国(guo)(guo)亲近。五年(前(qian)600),楚国(guo)(guo)又攻(gong)打郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo),晋国(guo)(guo)来(lai)救助(zhu)郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)。六年(前(qian)599),子(zi)家(jia)去世,郑(zheng)(zheng)都的人们又赶出(chu)了子(zi)家(jia)家(jia)族,因为他杀死(si)了灵公。
七年(前598),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)与晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在鄢陵结(jie)盟。八(ba)年(前597),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)庄王因(yin)为(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)与晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)结(jie)盟,来(lai)讨(tao)伐(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),包围(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)都(dou)三(san)个月,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)献出国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)投降了(le)(le)(le)(le)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王从皇门入了(le)(le)(le)(le)城,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)襄公(gong)脱(tuo)去(qu)上衣露出胳(ge)膊手牵着(zhe)羊迎接楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王说(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)不(bu)能在边(bian)城事(shi)奉您,让您生气地来(lai)到我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou),这(zhei)(zhei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)罪过。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)不(bu)敢(gan)(gan)唯命是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)听。你把(ba)(ba)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)流放到江南,把(ba)(ba)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)赐给诸(zhu)侯,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)也唯命是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)听。如(ru)果君(jun)王没(mei)有忘记(ji)周(zhou)厉王、周(zhou)宣(xuan)王、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)桓(huan)公(gong)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)武(wu)公(gong),可怜他们(men),不(bu)忍心断绝他们(men)的(de)(de)祭礼,您就给我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)不(bu)毛之(zhi)地,使我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)又能够事(shi)奉你,这(zhei)(zhei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)愿望(wang),可是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)敢(gan)(gan)有所希望(wang)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)只不(bu)过冒昧地表露我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)真(zhen)心,对(dui)您将(jiang)唯命是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)听。”庄王为(wei)些让军队退(tui)却(que)三(san)十里(li)后(hou)驻扎下来(lai)。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)臣们(men)说(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)千里(li)迢迢人(ren)郢(ying)来(lai)到这(zhei)(zhei)里(li),官兵们(men)也长久地劳苦了(le)(le)(le)(le)。现在已(yi)经打(da)下的(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家又放弃,为(wei)什么?”庄王说(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)之(zhi)所以讨(tao)伐(fa),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)讨(tao)伐(fa)不(bu)驯服(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)。今天人(ren)家已(yi)经服(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)贴(tie)贴(tie)了(le)(le)(le)(le),还(hai)有什么要求的(de)(de)呢?”楚(chu)(chu)(chu)军终于(yu)撤(che)去(qu)。晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)听说(shuo)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)攻(gong)打(da)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),派军救援(yuan)。晋(jin)(jin)军出发时,晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)意见(jian)不(bu)统一,犹不(bu)决所以来(lai)迟(chi)了(le)(le)(le)(le),等(deng)到到了(le)(le)(le)(le)黄河,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)军已(yi)经离去(qu)。晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)将(jiang)帅有的(de)(de)想(xiang)渡(du)河追(zhui)击(ji),有的(de)(de)想(xiang)班师回国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),但终于(yu)渡(du)过黄河。庄王听说(shuo)后(hou),反(fan)(fan)转身(shen)攻(gong)击(ji)晋(jin)(jin)军。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)反(fan)(fan)而帮助(zhu)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),在黄河上把(ba)(ba)晋(jin)(jin)军打(da)得大(da)(da)败。十年(前595),晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)又来(lai)攻(gong)打(da)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),因(yin)为(wei)它反(fan)(fan)对(dui)晋(jin)(jin)却(que)亲近楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。
十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年前(594),楚(chu)(chu)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)讨伐(fa)宋(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),宋(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)向(xiang)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)告急。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)景(jing)公(gong)想派军(jun)救(jiu)助宋(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),伯宗进谏晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)君(jun)(jun)说(shuo):“上(shang)(shang)天(tian)正(zheng)兴助楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),不(bu)(bu)能攻打(da)楚(chu)(chu)。”晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)于是找(zhao)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)位壮士是霍国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人解(jie)(jie)扬(yang),字子虎。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)让解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)欺骗楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),让宋(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)投降,解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)路过郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)关系亲密,就(jiu)逮捕解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)献(xian)给楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。楚(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)赏赐给解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)一(yi)(yi)份厚礼并与(yu)(yu)他(ta)(ta)立约,让他(ta)(ta)说(shuo)反话,叫宋(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)赶(gan)快(kuai)投降,楚(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)多次要(yao)挟解(jie)(jie)扬(yang),解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)才勉强答(da)应。于是楚(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)让解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)登上(shang)(shang)观望(wang)敌军(jun)的(de)巢车,让他(ta)(ta)向(xiang)宋(song)(song)(song)军(jun)喊话。但(dan)解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)竟违背与(yu)(yu)楚(chu)(chu)人的(de)相约,传达了(le)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)君(jun)(jun)给他(ta)(ta)的(de)命(ming)令(ling),大(da)声喊:“晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)正(zheng)聚集全国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)军(jun)队来援救(jiu)宋(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),宋(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)虽然(ran)形势紧迫,但(dan)千不(bu)(bu)要(yao)投降楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)军(jun)马上(shang)(shang)就(jiu)要(yao)赶(gan)到(dao)了(le)!”楚(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)一(yi)(yi)听(ting)非常生气,将要(yao)杀死解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)。解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)说(shuo):“国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)以(yi)制定命(ming)令(ling)为本分,臣民以(yi)执行命(ming)令(ling)为讲信用(yong)。我(wo)接(jie)受(shou)我(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)的(de)命(ming)令(ling)出(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)办事,宁死也不(bu)(bu)以(yi)让君(jun)(jun)命(ming)受(shou)损。”庄(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)说(shuo):“那么(me),你已经答(da)应了(le)我(wo),尔后(hou)又背叛(pan),你的(de)信用(yong)在哪儿呢(ni)?”解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)说(shuo):“我(wo)所(suo)以(yi)答(da)应您,就(jiu)是想用(yong)来完成我(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)的(de)命(ming)令(ling)。”解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)将要(yao)受(shou)刑(xing)时,回头(tou)对(dui)楚(chu)(chu)军(jun)说(shuo):“做人臣的(de)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)忘(wang)记竭尽忠诚尔后(hou)去死!”楚(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)弟弟们(men)都(dou)进谏楚(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)赦(she)免解(jie)(jie)扬(yang),于是楚(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)赦(she)免了(le)他(ta)(ta),让他(ta)(ta)回晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)授予(yu)他(ta)(ta)上(shang)(shang)卿(qing)。
十八年(前587),襄公逝世(shi),儿子悼公(mì,秘)即位。
悼(dao)公元(yuan)年(前586),许灵(ling)公到楚国中(zhong)伤郑(zheng)国,悼(dao)公便让弟(di)(di)弟(di)(di)(gǔn,滚)去楚自我申(shen)辩。申(shen)辩不成功,楚国囚禁(jin)了。于是郑(zheng)悼(dao)公来晋讲(jiang)和两(liang)国言归于好。与楚国子反有交情,子反说情把放回郑(zheng)国。
二(er)年(前585),楚国攻打郑国,晋军来救助。当年,悼(dao)公逝世,郑国立悼(dao)公的弟(di)弟(di),这是成公。
成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前582),楚共王说(shuo):“对郑(zheng)成(cheng)以来(lai)说(shuo),我是有恩德的(de)。”便派(pai)人来(lai)郑(zheng)与成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)订立盟约。成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)暗中与楚国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)结盟了(le)(le)。秋季,成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)朝拜晋国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),晋说(shuo):“郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)暗中与楚讲(jiang)和了(le)(le)”,逮捕了(le)(le)成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)。并派(pai)栾书攻打郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前581)的(de)春季,郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)担心(xin)晋国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)来(lai)包围(wei),公(gong)(gong)子(zi)如便立成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)的(de)哥哥(xū,需)做(zuo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)。当(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)四月,晋国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)听说(shuo)郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)又立了(le)(le)新君(jun),就让(rang)成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)回(hui)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)了(le)(le)。郑(zheng)人听说(shuo)成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)回(hui)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),又杀死了(le)(le)迎接(jie)成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)。晋军撤去(qu)。
十年(nian)(前575),郑(zheng)国背叛了与晋(jin)(jin)国的(de)盟约,与楚(chu)国结(jie)了盟。晋(jin)(jin)厉公很生气(qi),派军(jun)攻打(da)郑(zheng)国。楚(chu)共王救助(zhu)了郑(zheng)国。晋(jin)(jin)楚(chu)在鄢陵交战,楚(chu)军(jun)失(shi)败(bai)了,晋(jin)(jin)军(jun)射伤楚(chu)共王的(de)眼睛,双方才(cai)停战离去。十三年(nian)(前572),晋(jin)(jin)悼公攻打(da)郑(zheng)国,驻军(jun)在洧(wěi,伟(wei))上。郑(zheng)军(jun)据城(cheng)守(shou)卫,晋(jin)(jin)军(jun)也离去了。
十四年(nian)(前(qian)571),成(cheng)公逝世,儿子挥即(ji)位,这是釐公。
釐公(gong)五(wu)年(前566),郑国国相子(zi)驷朝(chao)拜釐公(gong),釐公(gong)没有礼遇他(ta)。子(zi)驷十分生气,让厨师用毒药杀死了釐公(gong),向诸侯们报丧说“釐公(gong)患了急(ji)证病故。”立釐公(gong)儿(er)子(zi)嘉,嘉当年五(wu)岁,这(zhei)是简公(gong)。
简(jian)公元年(前(qian)(qian)565),公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)们商议想(xiang)杀(sha)(sha)死(si)国(guo)相子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)发觉了(le)(le),反而把公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)们全部杀(sha)(sha)死(si)了(le)(le)。二年(前(qian)(qian)564),晋(jin)国(guo)讨伐郑(zheng)国(guo),郑(zheng)国(guo)与(yu)晋(jin)国(guo)结为盟(meng)好,晋(jin)国(guo)才离去。冬(dong)季,郑(zheng)国(guo)又(you)(you)(you)与(yu)楚国(guo)订立(li)盟(meng)约。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)被(bei)杀(sha)(sha),所(suo)以又(you)(you)(you)亲近(jin)晋(jin)又(you)(you)(you)亲近(jin)楚。三年(前(qian)(qian)563),宰(zai)相子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)想(xiang)自己立(li)为国(guo)君(jun),公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孔派尉止杀(sha)(sha)死(si)了(le)(le)宰(zai)相子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)代替了(le)(le)他。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孔又(you)(you)(you)想(xiang)自立(li)为国(guo)君(jun)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产说(shuo):“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)自立(li)是不(bu)行的(de)(de),所(suo)以你(ni)杀(sha)(sha)了(le)(le)他,今天你(ni)又(you)(you)(you)仿效(xiao)他,这样,内乱(luan)就没有平息(xi)的(de)(de)那一天了(le)(le)。”于(yu)是子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孔听(ting)从了(le)(le)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产的(de)(de)意见,仍然只做了(le)(le)郑(zheng)简(jian)公的(de)(de)国(guo)相。
四年(前(qian)562),晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)生气郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)与楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)订立盟约,攻打(da)郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo),郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)又(you)与晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)结盟。楚(chu)(chu)共王救援郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo),打(da)败了晋(jin)(jin)军。简(jian)公想和(he)(he)晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)讲和(he)(he),楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)又(you)囚禁(jin)了郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)使者。
十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)年(前554),简公(gong)(gong)对(dui)国相子(zi)(zi)(zi)孔(kong)专揽大(da)权(quan)很(hen)愤慨,杀死(si)(si)了(le)子(zi)(zi)(zi)孔(kong),让(rang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)做上(shang)卿。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年(前547),简公(gong)(gong)到(dao)(dao)晋,给(ji)卫君说(shuo)情让(rang)他回国,并把六个(ge)邑封(feng)给(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)辞(ci)让(rang),只接受了(le)三(san)个(ge)邑。二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)年(544),吴国派(pai)延陵(ling)季(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)到(dao)(dao)郑国,延陵(ling)季(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)与子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)一见如故(gu),对(dui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)说(shuo):“郑国执政(zheng)的人多邪行(xing),灾难将要降临,大(da)权(quan)将落到(dao)(dao)你手中。你如果当政(zheng),一定按仪治国;否则,郑国将惨(can)败。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)厚(hou)遇了(le)季(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)年(前543),各位公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)竞争宠爱互相残杀,又想(xiang)杀死(si)(si)子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)。有(you)的公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)进谏(jian)说(shuo):“子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)是仁(ren)爱之人,郑之所(suo)以能生存就是因为子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan),千万不(bu)要杀死(si)(si)他!”公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)们才罢(ba)手。
二十五年(前541),郑国派子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)到(dao)(dao)晋(jin)国,询问(wen)平公的(de)(de)病(bing)情。平公问(wen):“我占(zhan)卜后(hou)说是(shi)(shi)实(shi)(shi)沈(shen)、台骀(tai)作(zuo)崇,史官不(bu)了(le)(le)解(jie)他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men)的(de)(de)来(lai)(lai)(lai)历,冒昧地请(qing)问(wen)他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)什么神(shen)(shen)?”子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)回答(da)说:“高辛(xin)氏(shi)有(you)两(liang)个儿子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),长(zhang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)叫(jiao)阏伯,二子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)叫(jiao)实(shi)(shi)沈(shen),两(liang)人(ren)住在(zai)(zai)大(da)森林里,互(hu)相(xiang)不(bu)容(rong),每天(tian)拿(na)着干戈(ge)互(hu)相(xiang)征伐(fa),尧(yao)帝(di)(di)(di)不(bu)喜(xi)欢他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men),于是(shi)(shi)让伯迁到(dao)(dao)商丘住,主(zhu)持(chi)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)辰(chen)(chen)星(xing)(xing)(xing),商人(ren)因此(ci)沿袭(xi)下(xia)来(lai)(lai)(lai),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)辰(chen)(chen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)称(cheng)为商星(xing)(xing)(xing),尧(yao)帝(di)(di)(di)让实(shi)(shi)沈(shen)到(dao)(dao)大(da)夏住,主(zhu)持(chi)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)参(shēn,身)星(xing)(xing)(xing),唐人(ren)因此(ci)沿袭(xi)下(xia)来(lai)(lai)(lai),服侍夏朝、商朝,唐的(de)(de)末世君主(zhu)叫(jiao)唐叔(shu)(shu)虞(yu)。当武王夫(fu)人(ren)邑姜(jiang)正(zheng)怀(huai)大(da)叔(shu)(shu)时,曾梦见天(tian)帝(di)(di)(di)对(dui)夫(fu)人(ren)说:“我让你的(de)(de)儿子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)叫(jiao)虞(yu),就把唐封给(ji)(ji)他(ta)(ta),委托他(ta)(ta)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)参星(xing)(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)那里繁育后(hou)代。”等(deng)到(dao)(dao)大(da)叔(shu)(shu)生出后(hou),手(shou)掌(zhang)(zhang)心的(de)(de)纹理象“虞(yu)”字,于是(shi)(shi)用虞(yu)命名了(le)(le)。等(deng)到(dao)(dao)周(zhou)成(cheng)(cheng)王灭亡了(le)(le)唐后(hou),就把唐封给(ji)(ji)了(le)(le)大(da)叔(shu)(shu)。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)参星(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)晋(jin)国的(de)(de)星(xing)(xing)(xing)宿。从这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)了(le)(le)解(jie)到(dao)(dao),实(shi)(shi)沈(shen)是(shi)(shi)参星(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)。过去金(jin)天(tian)氏(shi)有(you)个叫(jiao)昧的(de)(de)后(hou)裔,做(zuo)水(shui)官长(zhang),生了(le)(le)允(yun)格、台骀(tai)。台骀(tai)能继承前辈(bei)的(de)(de)官职,很好地疏通了(le)(le)汾(fen)(fen)水(shui)、洮(tao)水(shui),给(ji)(ji)大(da)泽(ze)修筑(zhu)堤防,住在(zai)(zai)太原。颛(zhuān,专)顼(xū,须)帝(di)(di)(di)因此(ci)嘉奖了(le)(le)他(ta)(ta),把汾(fen)(fen)水(shui)封给(ji)(ji)他(ta)(ta)。沈(shen)、姒、蓐、黄国实(shi)(shi)际掌(zhang)(zhang)管着他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)。现(xian)在(zai)(zai),晋(jin)国统治(zhi)了(le)(le)汾(fen)(fen)水(shui)流域,灭亡了(le)(le)这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)一(yi)带的(de)(de)国家。从这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)里看,台骀(tai)是(shi)(shi)汾(fen)(fen)水(shui)、洮(tao)水(shui)神(shen)(shen)。可(ke)是(shi)(shi),这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)两(liang)位神(shen)(shen)灵(ling)都不(bu)会危害您的(de)(de)身体,对(dui)于山河神(shen)(shen),在(zai)(zai)发生水(shui)旱灾时应(ying)祭(ji)祀(si)(si),对(dui)于日月星(xing)(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)神(shen)(shen),在(zai)(zai)雪霜风(feng)雨不(bu)按时令(ling)来(lai)(lai)(lai)到(dao)(dao)时应(ying)祭(ji)祀(si)(si);您有(you)病(bing),那是(shi)(shi)饮食哀乐女色(se)所(suo)(suo)造成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)。”平公及叔(shu)(shu)向到(dao)(dao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)番(fan)议论后(hou)称(cheng)赞说:“对(dui),您真不(bu)愧为知识渊(yuan)博的(de)(de)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)!”送(song)给(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)丰厚的(de)(de)礼物。
二(er)(er)十七年(nian)(前539)的夏天(tian),郑(zheng)简公去朝拜晋君。冬(dong)季(ji),郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)怕楚(chu)灵(ling)王(wang)(wang)强(qiang)大,又朝拜楚(chu)国(guo)(guo),子产都跟从了(le)。二(er)(er)十八(ba)年(nian)(538),郑(zheng)君生病,派子产会见诸侯,与楚(chu)灵(ling)王(wang)(wang)在(zai)申订立盟约,楚(chu)王(wang)(wang)杀死了(le)齐(qi)国(guo)(guo)庆封。
三十六年(前(qian)530),简分逝(shi)世(shi)了,儿子(zi)定公(gong)宁(ning)即位。秋季,定公(gong)朝(chao)拜了晋(jin)昭(zhao)公(gong)。
定公元(yuan)年(前529),楚国(guo)公子弃疾杀死了国(guo)君灵王自(zi)立为君,这是平(ping)(ping)王。平(ping)(ping)王想在诸侯中(zhong)做仁义道(dao)德(de)之事,把灵王侵占(zhan)郑国(guo)的土地都(dou)还(hai)给(ji)了郑国(guo)。
四年(前(qian)526),晋昭公逝世了,晋国的六卿强盛起来,国家力量减(jian)弱了。子产对韩(han)宣子说:“执掌政(zheng)权一(yi)定凭仁义道德,不要(yao)忘记政(zheng)权巩固的原(yuan)因。”
六年(前524),郑国发(fa)生火灾,定公想祭祷(dao)消灾。子产(chan)说:“不如修行德政(zheng)。”
八年(前(qian)522),楚国(guo)太子(zi)建(jian)逃(tao)到郑国(guo)。十(shi)年(前(qian)520),太子(zi)建(jian)与晋国(guo)商议(yi)袭击(ji)郑国(guo)。郑国(guo)杀(sha)死(si)了太子(zi)建(jian),太子(zi)建(jian)的(de)儿子(zi)逃(tao)到吴国(guo)。
十一(yi)年(前(qian)519),定公到了晋(jin)国。晋(jin)与郑商议,杀(sha)死周(zhou)王(wang)室 作乱的臣子,送敬王(wang)回(hui)周(zhou)。
十(shi)三年(前(qian)(qian)517),定(ding)公(gong)逝(shi)世了,儿(er)子(zi)献(xian)公(gong)虿(chai)(chài,去声,柴)即(ji)位。献(xian)公(gong)十(shi)三年(前(qian)(qian)510)逝(shi)世,儿(er)子(zi)声公(gong)胜即(ji)位。正(zheng)在这时候,晋国(guo)六卿强盛(sheng)了,侵夺郑国(guo)领(ling)土,郑于是衰落(luo)了。
声公五年(nian)(前496),郑(zheng)国(guo)相子(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)(chan)逝世,郑(zheng)人(ren)都(dou)哭泣,悲(bei)悼他(ta)如(ru)同悲(bei)悼自己(ji)的(de)亲(qin)人(ren)。子(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)(chan)是郑(zheng)成公的(de)小儿子(zi)(zi)。为人(ren)仁慈关(guan)怀别人(ren),事奉君王忠诚老实。孔子(zi)(zi)曾经路过郑(zheng)国(guo),与子(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)(chan)亲(qin)如(ru)兄(xiong)弟。听到(dao)子(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)(chan)死去,孔子(zi)(zi)悲(bei)哭道:“子(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)仁爱,真(zhen)是古(gu)代的(de)遗风啊!”
八(ba)年(前493),晋国的范氏(shi)、中(zhong)行氏(shi)反叛晋国,晋向郑(zheng)国告急,郑(zheng)国救助他们(men)。晋国因而攻打(da)郑(zheng)国,在铁把(ba)郑(zheng)军打(da)得大(da)败。
十四(si)年(nian)(前487),宋景公亡(wang)了(le)曹国(guo)(guo)(guo)。二十年(nian)(前481),齐国(guo)(guo)(guo)田(tian)常杀死了(le)自己的国(guo)(guo)(guo)君简公,田(tian)常做了(le)齐国(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)相。二十二年(nian)(前479),楚惠(hui)王灭亡(wang)了(le)陈国(guo)(guo)(guo)。孔子(zi)逝世了(le)。
三(san)十六年(前465),晋(jin)国(guo)知(zhi)伯讨伐郑(zheng)国(guo),攻取了九个城(cheng)邑(yi)。
三(san)十七年(nian)(前(qian)464),声(sheng)公(gong)(gong)逝(shi)(shi)世了(le)(le),儿子(zi)哀公(gong)(gong)即位。哀公(gong)(gong)八年(nian)(前(qian)455),郑(zheng)人杀死了(le)(le)哀公(gong)(gong)立了(le)(le)声(sheng)公(gong)(gong)的弟(di)(di)弟(di)(di)丑为国君,这(zhei)(zhei)是(shi)(shi)共(gong)(gong)公(gong)(gong)。共(gong)(gong)公(gong)(gong)三(san)年(nian)(452),三(san)晋消灭了(le)(le)知伯。三(san)十一年(nian)(前(qian)424),共(gong)(gong)公(gong)(gong)逝(shi)(shi)世了(le)(le),儿子(zi)幽(you)公(gong)(gong)即位。幽(you)公(gong)(gong)元年(nian)(前(qian)423),韩武子(zi)讨伐郑(zheng)国,杀死了(le)(le)幽(you)公(gong)(gong)。郑(zheng)人立了(le)(le)幽(you)公(gong)(gong)的弟(di)(di)弟(di)(di)为国君,这(zhei)(zhei)是(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)。
公十(shi)五年(前408),韩(han)景侯(hou)讨(tao)伐郑国,攻取(qu)了雍丘(qiu)。郑国修(xiu)筑(zhu)了京城。
十六(liu)年(前(qian)407),郑国(guo)讨伐韩(han)国(guo),在负黍(shu)打(da)败了韩(han)军。二十年(前(qian)403),韩(han)、赵、魏(wei)成(cheng)为诸(zhu)侯国(guo)。二十三年(前(qian)400),郑国(guo)包围了韩(han)国(guo)的阳翟。
二(er)十五(wu)年(nian)(前398),郑君杀死(si)(si)了(le)(le)国相阳。二(er)十七(qi)年(nian)(前396),子(zi)阳的党(dang)羽一起杀死(si)(si)了(le)(le)公骀(tai),立(li)了(le)(le)幽公的弟弟乙为国君,这是(shi)郑君。
郑君乙即位两年(nian),被郑国(guo)占领的负(fu)黍的人反叛(pan),使负(fu)黍回(hui)归韩(han)国(guo)。十一年(nian)(前385),韩(han)国(guo)讨伐(fa)郑国(guo),夺下了阳城。
二十一年(前(qian)375),韩哀侯灭亡(wang)了郑国,吞并(bing)了郑国。
太史公(gong)(gong)说:有句俗话说:“用(yong)权势和(he)利(li)害使关(guan)系密切的(de),权势利(li)害终止了(le)(le)(le),关(guan)系就疏远了(le)(le)(le)。”这句话说得是甫瑕(xia)。甫瑕(xia)虽(sui)然靠(kao)劫持杀(sha)死了(le)(le)(le)郑子(zi)接纳厉公(gong)(gong)回国,但厉公(gong)(gong)终于背(bei)叛(pan)了(le)(le)(le)他并杀(sha)死了(le)(le)(le),与晋国的(de)里克有什么区别(bie)呢?象荀(xun)息那样(yang)坚(jian)守节操,即使死了(le)(le)(le)也不(bu)能保(bao)住奚齐。所以说,变乱的(de)产生(sheng),原因也是很多(duo)的(de)呀!
郑桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)友(you)者,周(zhou)(zhou)厉(li)王(wang)(wang)少子而(er)宣王(wang)(wang)庶弟也①。宣王(wang)(wang)立(li)二(er)十二(er)年,友(you)初封(feng)于(yu)郑。封(feng)三十三岁(sui),百(bai)姓(xing)皆便爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。幽(you)王(wang)(wang)以为(wei)司徒。和集周(zhou)(zhou)民(min)②,周(zhou)(zhou)民(min)皆说③,河洛(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,人(ren)便思之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。为(wei)司徒一岁(sui),幽(you)王(wang)(wang)以褒后(hou)(hou)故(gu),王(wang)(wang)室(shi)治(zhi)多(duo)邪,诸(zhu)侯或畔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)④。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)问太(tai)史伯(bo)(bo)(bo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“王(wang)(wang)室(shi)多(duo)故(gu),予安(an)逃死乎(hu)⑤?”太(tai)史伯(bo)(bo)(bo)对(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“独洛(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东土,河济之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)可(ke)居(ju)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“何(he)以?”对(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“地(di)近虢(guo)、郐,虢(guo)、郐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君而(er)好(hao)利,百(bai)姓(xing)不附。今公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)司徒,民(min)皆爱公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诚请(qing)居(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),虢(guo)、郐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君见公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方用事⑥,轻分(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诚居(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),虢(guo)、郐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)皆公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)也。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾欲南(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)江上,何(he)如?”对(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“昔祝融为(wei)高辛氏(shi)火正,其(qi)功(gong)大(da)矣,而(er)于(yu)周(zhou)(zhou)未(wei)有(you)兴者,楚(chu)后(hou)(hou)也。周(zhou)(zhou)衰(shuai)(shuai),楚(chu)必兴。兴,非郑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利也。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾欲居(ju)西方,何(he)如?”对(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“其(qi)民(min)贪而(er)好(hao)利,难(nan)久居(ju)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“周(zhou)(zhou)衰(shuai)(shuai),何(he)国(guo)兴者?”对(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“齐、秦、晋(jin)、楚(chu)乎(hu)?夫(fu)齐,姜姓(xing),伯(bo)(bo)(bo)夷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)也,伯(bo)(bo)(bo)夷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)也,伯(bo)(bo)(bo)夷佐(zuo)尧典(dian)礼⑦。秦,嬴姓(xing),伯(bo)(bo)(bo)翳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)也,伯(bo)(bo)(bo)翳佐(zuo)舜怀柔(rou)百(bai)物⑧。及楚(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先,皆尝有(you)功(gong)于(yu)天(tian)下。而(er)周(zhou)(zhou)武王(wang)(wang)克纣(zhou)后(hou)(hou),成王(wang)(wang)封(feng)叔虞于(yu)唐(tang),其(qi)地(di)阻(zu)险,以此有(you)德与周(zhou)(zhou)衰(shuai)(shuai)并,亦必兴矣。”桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“善。”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)卒言王(wang)(wang)⑨,东徙民(min)洛(luo)东,而(er)虢(guo)、郐果献十邑,竟国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)⑩。
二岁(sui),犬戎杀(sha)幽王于骊山下,并杀(sha)桓(huan)公。郑人共立其子掘突,是为(wei)武公。
①庶弟:《集(ji)解》云:“《年表》云母(mu)弟。” ②和(he)(he)集(ji):同“和(he)(he)辑”;和(he)(he)协安抚。 ③说(shuo):通(tong)(tong)“悦”。 ④畔:通(tong)(tong)“叛”。 ⑤逃死(si)(si):死(si)(si)里逃生(sheng)。⑥用事:当权(quan)。 ⑦典(dian)礼:制度(du)和(he)(he)礼仪。 ⑧怀柔:旧指统治者用政治手段笼络人心(xin),使之(zhi)归服。 ⑨卒(zu)(zu):通(tong)(tong)“猝”。急速,突然。 ⑩据《国语》等载,桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)死(si)(si)幽(you)王(wang)之(zhi)难,其(qi)子武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)平王(wang)东徙(xi),卒(zu)(zu)定下邑之(zhi)地(di)以为国,河南新郑是也(ye)(ye)。然则桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)始谋(mou),非(fei)(fei)身得也(ye)(ye)。武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)始国,非(fei)(fei)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)。武(wu)灭虢、郐、非(fei)(fei)王(wang)徙(xi)之(zhi)而(er)献邑也(ye)(ye)。十(shi)邑中八邑各为其(qi)国,非(fei)(fei)虢、郐之(zhi)地(di),无由献之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。
武(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)十年(nian),娶(qu)申侯女为夫人(ren),曰武(wu)(wu)姜。生(sheng)太子(zi)寤(wu)生(sheng)①,生(sheng)之(zhi)难,及生(sheng),夫人(ren)弗爱。后生(sheng)少子(zi)叔(shu)段(duan),段(duan)生(sheng)易,夫人(ren)爱之(zhi)。二十七年(nian),武(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)疾。夫人(ren)请公(gong)(gong)(gong),欲立段(duan)为太子(zi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)弗听。是(shi)岁,武(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)卒,寤(wu)生(sheng)立,是(shi)为庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)。
庄公(gong)(gong)元年,封(feng)弟(di)段(duan)(duan)(duan)于(yu)京(jing)(jing),号(hao)太叔(shu)。祭仲曰(yue)(yue):“京(jing)(jing)大于(yu)国②,非(fei)所以封(feng)庶也(ye)。”庄公(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue):“武(wu)姜(jiang)欲之(zhi),我弗敢夺也(ye)。”段(duan)(duan)(duan)至京(jing)(jing),缮(shan)治甲(jia)兵(bing)③,与(yu)其母(mu)武(wu)姜(jiang)谋袭(xi)郑(zheng)。二(er)十二(er)年,段(duan)(duan)(duan)果(guo)袭(xi)郑(zheng),武(wu)姜(jiang)为内应。庄公(gong)(gong)发兵(bing)伐(fa)段(duan)(duan)(duan),段(duan)(duan)(duan)走。伐(fa)京(jing)(jing),京(jing)(jing)人畔(pan)段(duan)(duan)(duan),段(duan)(duan)(duan)出走鄢。鄢溃,段(duan)(duan)(duan)出奔(ben)共。于(yu)是庄公(gong)(gong)迁母(mu)武(wu)姜(jiang)于(yu)城颖,誓(shi)言曰(yue)(yue):“不至黄泉④,毋(wu)相见也(ye)。”居(ju)岁余,已悔思(si)母(mu)。颖谷之(zhi)考(kao)叔(shu)有献于(yu)公(gong)(gong),公(gong)(gong)赐(ci)食(shi)。考(kao)叔(shu)曰(yue)(yue):“臣在母(mu),请君食(shi)赐(ci)臣母(mu)。”庄公(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue):“我甚思(si)母(mu),恶负盟⑤,奈何?”考(kao)叔(shu)曰(yue)(yue):“穿(chuan)地至黄泉,则相见矣。”于(yu)是遂从之(zhi),见母(mu)。
①寤生(sheng):逆生(sheng)。寤通(tong)“忤”。武姜(jiang)生(sheng)太(tai)子脚先出(chu)母体,难产,故名之曰寤生(sheng)。 ②国(guo):国(guo)都(dou)。 ③缮:修补。 ④黄(huang)泉(quan):指人死后伏葬的地(di)穴(xue)。下句“穿地(di)至(zhi)黄(huang)泉(quan)”的黄(huang)泉(quan)则是指地(di)下的泉(quan)水(shui)。 ⑤恶(e):厌恶(e)。
二(er)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian),宋(song)缪公(gong)(gong)(gong)卒,公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)冯奔郑。郑侵周地,取禾(he)。二(er)十(shi)五年(nian)(nian),卫(wei)州吁弑君桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)自立,与宋(song)伐郑,以冯故(gu)也(ye)。二(er)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian),始朝周桓王。桓王怒(nu)其取禾(he),弗礼也(ye)。二(er)十(shi)九年(nian)(nian),庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)怒(nu)周弗礼,与鲁易祊、许田①。三(san)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian),宋(song)杀孔父。三(san)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian),庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)不朝周,周桓王率陈、蔡(cai)、虢、卫(wei)伐郑。庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)与祭(ji)仲、高渠弥发兵(bing)自救,王师(shi)大败。祝聸(dan)射中王臂(bei)。祝聸(dan)请从(cong)之②,郑伯止(zhi)之,曰:“犯长且(qie)难(nan)之,况敢陵(ling)天子(zi)乎?”乃止(zhi),夜令祭(ji)仲问(wen)王疾(ji)。
①与鲁(lu)祊(bēng,崩)、许(xu)田:《索(suo)隐》曰:“许(xu)田,近(jin)许(xu)之(zhi)田,鲁(lu)朝宿之(zhi)邑(yi)。祊者,郑所受助祭太山之(zhi)汤沐邑(yi)。郑以天子不能巡(xun)宋,故以祊易许(xu)田,各(ge)从其近(jin)。”详见《鲁(lu)周公世家》注。 ②从:追逐。
三(san)十八年(nian),北(bei)戎伐齐(qi)(qi)①,齐(qi)(qi)使(shi)求救,郑遣太子(zi)忽(hu)(hu)将兵救齐(qi)(qi)。齐(qi)(qi)釐公(gong)欲(yu)妻之(zhi)②,忽(hu)(hu)谢曰:“我小国,非齐(qi)(qi)敌也③。”时(shi)祭(ji)仲(zhong)与俱,劝使(shi)取之(zhi)④,曰:“君多内宠,太子(zi)无大(da)援将不立(li),三(san)公(gong)子(zi)皆(jie)君也。”所谓三(san)公(gong)子(zi)者,太子(zi)忽(hu)(hu),其弟突(tu),次弟子(zi)亹(wei)也。
四十三(san)年,郑庄公(gong)卒。初(chu),祭仲(zhong)甚有宠于庄公(gong),庄公(gong)使为卿(qing);公(gong)使娶(qu)邓女⑤,生太子忽,故(gu)祭仲(zhong)立之,是为昭安。
庄(zhuang)公又娶宋(song)(song)雍(yong)氏(shi)女(nv),生厉公突。雍(yong)氏(shi)有(you)宠于宋(song)(song)。宋(song)(song)庄(zhuang)公闻(wen)祭(ji)仲之(zhi)立(li)(li)忽,乃使人诱召祭(ji)仲而执之(zhi)⑥,曰:“不立(li)(li)突,将(jiang)死。”亦(yi)执以(yi)求赂(lu)焉。祭(ji)仲许宋(song)(song),与宋(song)(song)盟(meng)。以(yi)突归,立(li)(li)之(zhi)。昭公忽闻(wen)祭(ji)仲以(yi)宋(song)(song)是要弟突⑦,九月(辛)[丁(ding)]亥,忽出奔卫(wei)。己(ji)亥,突至郑,立(li)(li),是为厉公。
①北戎:部族名,即山戎。 ②釐:通“僖”。 ③敌(di):匹(pi)敌(di)。 ④取:通“娶”。 ⑤娶:迎娶。 ⑥执:逮捕。 ⑦要:要挟。
厉(li)公(gong)(gong)四(si)年,祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)专(zhuan)国政①。厉(li)公(gong)(gong)患之(zhi),阴使(shi)其(qi)婿雍纠(jiu)欲(yu)杀祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)②。纠(jiu)妻(qi),祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)女也,知之(zhi),谓其(qi)母曰(yue):“父(fu)与夫(fu)孰亲?”母曰(yue):“父(fu)一而已,人尽(jin)夫(fu)也。”女乃告祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong),祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)反(fan)杀雍纠(jiu),戮之(zhi)于(yu)市。厉(li)公(gong)(gong)无(wu)奈祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)何,怒(nu)纠(jiu)曰(yue):“谋及妇人,死固宜哉!”夏,厉(li)公(gong)(gong)出(chu)成居邑(yi)栎。祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)迎昭公(gong)(gong)忽,六月(yue)乙(yi)亥,复入郑,即(ji)位。
秋,郑厉公突(tu)因(yin)栎人杀其大夫单伯,遂居之。诸侯闻厉公出(chu)奔,伐郑,弗克(ke)而去。宋(song)颇予厉公兵,自守(shou)于栎,郑以(yi)故(gu)亦不伐栎。
①专:专擅。 ②阴:暗中。
昭公二年,自昭公为(wei)太子(zi)(zi)时,父庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公欲(yu)以高渠(qu)弥为(wei)卿(qing),太子(zi)(zi)忽恶子(zi)(zi),庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公弗听,卒用(yong)渠(qu)弥为(wei)卿(qing)。及昭公即位,惧其杀(sha)已,冬十月辛卯,渠(qu)弥与昭公出(chu)猬(wei),射杀(sha)昭公于野。祭(ji)仲与渠(qu)弥不敢入厉公,乃更立昭公引(yin)子(zi)(zi)亹为(wei)君,是为(wei)子(zi)(zi)亹也(ye),无(wu)谥号①。
子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)元(yuan)年七月,齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)公会诸侯(hou)于首止(zhi),郑(zheng)子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)往会,高渠弥相②,从,祭(ji)仲称(cheng)疾不(bu)行。所以然者,子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)自齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)公为(wei)公子(zi)(zi)之时,尝会斗(dou),相仇,乃(nai)会诸侯(hou),祭(ji)仲请子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)无行。子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)曰:“齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)强,而(er)厉(li)公居栎,即(ji)不(bu)往,是(shi)率诸侯(hou)伐我,内厉(li)公③。我不(bu)如(ru)往,往何遽必辱④,且又何至是(shi)!”卒行。于是(shi)祭(ji)仲恐齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)并(bing)杀(sha)(sha)之,故称(cheng)疾。子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)至,不(bu)谢齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou),齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)怒(nu),遂(sui)伏(fu)甲而(er)杀(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)。高渠弥亡归,归与祭(ji)仲谋,召子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)弟公子(zi)(zi)地陈而(er)立之,是(shi)为(wei)郑(zheng)子(zi)(zi)。是(shi)岁,齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)公使彭生醉拉(la)杀(sha)(sha)鲁(lu)桓公。
①谥(shi):古代(dai)帝(di)王(wang)及官僚(liao)死后,按(an)生前的(de)(de)事迹(ji),由统(tong)治阶级(ji)所(suo)给(ji)予的(de)(de)表示褒贬的(de)(de)称号。 ②相(xiang):辅佐(zuo)。 ③内:通“纳”。 ④遽:“讵”。岂,何(he)。
郑子八年,齐人管至父等乱,弑(shi)其君(jun)襄公。二(er)十年,宋(song)人长弑(shi)其君(jun)湣公。郑祭仲死。
十四年,故郑(zheng)(zheng)亡厉(li)公(gong)(gong)突在栎者使人诱(you)劫(jie)郑(zheng)(zheng)大夫(fu)甫假(jia),要以(yi)求入。假(jia)曰:“舍(she)我,我为君(jun)杀(sha)郑(zheng)(zheng)子而(er)入君(jun)。”厉(li)公(gong)(gong)与盟,乃舍(she)之(zhi)。六月甲子,假(jia)杀(sha)郑(zheng)(zheng)子及其(qi)二(er)(er)子而(er)迎厉(li)公(gong)(gong)突,突自(zi)栎复(fu)入即位。初,内蛇与外蛇斗于郑(zheng)(zheng)南门中(zhong),内蛇死。居(ju)六年,厉(li)公(gong)(gong)果复(fu)入。入而(er)让其(qi)伯(bo)(bo)父原(yuan)(yuan)曰:“我亡国外居(ju),伯(bo)(bo)父无意入我,亦甚矣。”原(yuan)(yuan)曰:“事君(jun)无二(er)(er)心(xin),人臣之(zhi)职也①。原(yuan)(yuan)知罪矣。”遂自(zi)杀(sha)。厉(li)公(gong)(gong)于是谓甫假(jia)曰::“子之(zhi)事君(jun)有二(er)(er)心(xin)矣。”遂诛(zhu)之(zhi)。假(jia)曰:“重德不(bu)报②,诚然哉(zai)?”
①职(zhi):本分,职(zhi)分。 ②重德:大德,厚德。
厉公突后元年,齐桓(huan)公始霸。
五(wu)年,燕(yan)、卫与(yu)击惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)弟颓(tui)(tui)伐(fa)王(wang)(wang)①,王(wang)(wang)出奔温,立弟颓(tui)(tui)为王(wang)(wang)。六年,惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)告急郑,厉(li)公发兵击周(zhou)王(wang)(wang)子颓(tui)(tui),弗(fu)胜,于是与(yu)周(zhou)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)归,王(wang)(wang)居(ju)于栎。七年春,郑厉(li)公与(yu)虢(guo)叔袭杀(sha)王(wang)(wang)子颓(tui)(tui)而入惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)于周(zhou)。
秋,厉公(gong)卒,子文公(gong)踕立。厉公(gong)初立四岁,亡居栎,居栎十七(qi)岁,复(fu)入,立七(qi)岁,与亡凡(fan)二十八年。
①据《左传·庄公十九(jiu)年(nian)》载:初,王姚得宠(chong)(chong)于庄王,生子颓(tui)。子颓(tui)有宠(chong)(chong),国当他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)师。惠王即位后,夺(duo)取(qu)(qu)了国的(de)(de)(de)圃作为(wei)自己的(de)(de)(de)圃,夺(duo)了近于王宫的(de)(de)(de)边(bian)伯(bo)的(de)(de)(de)房产,又夺(duo)了子禽祝(zhu)跪与(yu)詹(zhan)父的(de)(de)(de)田地,还没收(shou)了膳夫(fu)石速的(de)(de)(de)俸禄。所以国、边(bian)伯(bo)、石速、詹(zhan)父、子禽祝(zhu)跪借着苏(su)氏反(fan)对王室(shi)而作乱(luan)。秋(qiu)天(tian),五大夫(fu)奉子颓(tui)之命讨(tao)(tao)伐(fa)(fa)惠王,未取(qu)(qu)胜,逃到(dao)温。苏(su)子又奉子颓(tui)之命逃到(dao)卫(wei)国。卫(wei)师、燕师共同(tong)讨(tao)(tao)伐(fa)(fa)周朝。冬,立子颓(tui)。
文(wen)公(gong)十七年,齐桓(huan)公(gong)以后(hou)蔡,遂伐(fa)楚(chu),召陵。
二十四年,文(wen)(wen)公之(zhi)(zhi)贱妾曰燕(yan)姞,梦天与之(zhi)(zhi)兰(lan),曰:“余为伯鯈(chou)。余,尔祖也。以是为而子(zi)①,兰(lan)有(you)国香②。”以梦告文(wen)(wen)公,文(wen)(wen)公幸之(zhi)(zhi)③,而予之(zhi)(zhi)草兰(lan)为符(fu)④。遂生(sheng)子(zi),名曰兰(lan)。
三(san)十六年,晋公(gong)子重(zhong)耳过,文(wen)公(gong)弗(fu)礼。文(wen)公(gong)弟叔詹曰(yue):“重(zhong)耳贤,且又同姓,穷而过君,不可无礼。”文(wen)公(gong)曰(yue):“诸侯亡公(gong)子过者(zhe)多矣(yi),安能(neng)尽礼之!”詹曰(yue):“君如弗(fu)礼,遂杀之;弗(fu)杀使即(ji)反国⑤,为郑忧矣(yi)。”文(wen)公(gong)弗(fu)听。
三十七年春,晋(jin)(jin)公(gong)(gong)子重耳反国(guo),立,是(shi)为文(wen)公(gong)(gong)。秋,郑(zheng)入(ru)(ru)滑(hua),滑(hua)听命,已而(er)反与卫⑥,于(yu)是(shi)郑(zheng)伐滑(hua)。周襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)使伯犕请(qing)滑(hua)。郑(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)怨(yuan)惠(hui)王(wang)之亡在栎,而(er)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)父厉(li)公(gong)(gong)入(ru)(ru)之,而(er)惠(hui)王(wang)不(bu)赐(ci)厉(li)公(gong)(gong)爵(jue)禄(lu),又怨(yuan)襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)之与卫滑(hua),故(gu)不(bu)听襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)请(qing)而(er)囚伯服。王(wang)怒,与翟人(ren)伐郑(zheng),弗克。冬,翟攻伐襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang),襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)出奔郑(zheng),郑(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)居王(wang)于(yu)氾。三十八年,晋(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)入(ru)(ru)襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)成国(guo)。
①而(er):通“尔”,你。 ②国(guo)香(xiang):极为浓烈(lie)的香(xiang)气。后称兰(lan)花(hua)为国(guo)香(xiang)。 ③幸:宠爱。 ④符:凭(ping)证。 ⑤反:通“返”。⑥与:亲附。
四(si)(si)十一(yi)(yi)年,助(zhu)楚(chu)(chu)击晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。自晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)过无,故背晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)助(zhu)楚(chu)(chu)。四(si)(si)十三(san)年,晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文公(gong)(gong)与秦(qin)(qin)穆公(gong)(gong)共围(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),讨(tao)其(qi)助(zhu)楚(chu)(chu)攻(gong)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)者,及文公(gong)(gong)过时之(zhi)无礼也(ye)。初,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文公(gong)(gong)有(you)三(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren),宠子(zi)五人(ren)(ren)(ren),皆以(yi)罪蚤死①。公(gong)(gong)怒,溉逐群公(gong)(gong)子(zi)②。子(zi)兰奔晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),从晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文公(gong)(gong)围(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。时兰事晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文公(gong)(gong)甚谨,爱幸之(zhi),乃(nai)(nai)和于(yu)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),以(yi)求入(ru)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)于(yu)是欲得叔(shu)詹(zhan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)僇③。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文公(gong)(gong)恐,不(bu)敢谓叔(shu)詹(zhan)言。詹(zhan)闻(wen),言于(yu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)曰(yue):“臣(chen)谓君(jun),君(jun)不(bu)听臣(chen),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)卒为(wei)(wei)(wei)患(huan)。然晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)所以(yi)围(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),以(yi)詹(zhan),詹(zhan)死而(er)(er)赦郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国,詹(zhan)之(zhi)愿也(ye)。”乃(nai)(nai)自杀④。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)詹(zhan)尸与晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文公(gong)(gong)曰(yue):“必欲一(yi)(yi)见郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun),辱之(zhi)而(er)(er)去(qu)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)患(huan)之(zhi),乃(nai)(nai)使人(ren)(ren)(ren)私(si)于(yu)秦(qin)(qin)曰(yue):“破郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)益晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),非秦(qin)(qin)之(zhi)利(li)也(ye)。”秦(qin)(qin)兵罢。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文公(gong)(gong)欲入(ru)兰为(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)子(zi),以(yi)靠(kao)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)大夫石癸曰(yue):“吾闻(wen)姞姓乃(nai)(nai)后稷(ji)之(zhi)元妃⑤,其(qi)后当(dang)有(you)兴者。子(zi)兰母,其(qi)后也(ye)。且夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)子(zi)尽已死,余庶(shu)子(zi)无如兰贤。今围(wei)急,晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)请(qing),利(li)孰大焉!”遂(sui)许晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),与盟,而(er)(er)卒立子(zi)兰为(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)子(zi),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)兵乃(nai)(nai)罢去(qu)。
四十五年,文公卒,子(zi)兰立(li),是为缪公。
①据(ju)《左(zuo)传·宣(xuan)公(gong)三年》载(zai),五子(zi)中二人以(yi)罪见杀,一人早卒,一人为楚酖死,其一子(zi)瑕(xia)见存,文公(gong)恶之,则(ze)非五人俱有宠(chong)也,亦非皆以(yi)罪早死也。蚤:通“早”。 ②溉:《集解》曰:“溉,一作(zuo)‘瑕(xia)’。”由此可(ke)见,瑕(xia)即子(zi)瑕(xia),“溉”当(dang)属上。 ③僇:通“戮”,杀。 ④自杀:据(ju)《晋世家》载(zai):叔詹未尝自杀。 ⑤元(yuan)妃:君(jun)主或诸侯的“元(yuan)配”。
缪公元年春,秦(qin)缪公使三(san)将将兵欲袭郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),至滑,逢郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)贾人(ren)弦(xian)高诈以十二(er)牛(niu)劳(lao)军;故秦(qin)兵不至而还,晋败(bai)之于崤。初,往年郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文公之卒(zu)也,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)司城(cheng)缯贺以郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)情卖之,秦(qin)兵故来。三(san)年,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)发兵从晋伐秦(qin),败(bai)秦(qin)兵于汪①。
往年(nian)楚太子商(shang)臣弑其成(cheng)王代立。二十一年(nian),与(yu)宋(song)华元(yuan)伐郑(zheng)(zheng)。华元(yuan)杀羊(yang)食士②,不与(yu)其御(yu)羊(yang)斟(zhen),怒(nu)以(yi)弛郑(zheng)(zheng),郑(zheng)(zheng)囚华元(yuan)。宋(song)赎华元(yuan),元(yuan)亦(yi)亡去。晋使(shi)赵穿以(yi)兵伐郑(zheng)(zheng)③。
二十二年,郑缪公卒,子夷(yi)立,是为(wei)灵(ling)公。
①败(bai)(bai)秦(qin)兵于(yu)汪(wang):据梁玉绳《史记(ji)志疑》载,晋败(bai)(bai)秦(qin)彭衙,取秦(qin)汪(wang)邑(yi),两事也(ye),此误合为一。 ②食(sì,四)士:犒劳士兵。 ③赵(zhao)穿:当作赵(zhao)盾。
灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)年春;楚献鼋于灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)①。子(zi)家、子(zi)公(gong)(gong)将朝灵(ling)公(gong)(gong),子(zi)公(gong)(gong)之食指动,谓(wei)子(zi)家曰:“佗(tuo)日指动②,必(bi)(bi)食异物(wu)。”及人(ren),见灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)进(jin)羹,子(zi)公(gong)(gong)笑曰:“果(guo)然!”灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)问笑故,具告灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)③。灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)召(zhao)之与(yu)子(zi)家谋先。夏,弑灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)。郑人(ren)欲(yu)立灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)弟去疾,去疾让曰:“必(bi)(bi)以贤,由去疾不肖(xiao);必(bi)(bi)以顺,则公(gong)(gong)子(zi)坚长。”坚者,灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)庶弟,去疾之兄也(ye)。于是(shi)乃立子(zi)坚,是(shi)为襄公(gong)(gong)。
①鼋:俗(su)名(ming)脚鱼,又名(ming)团鱼。 ②佗(tuō,托):同“他”。 ③具:通(tong)“俱(ju)”,都,完全。 ④《左(zuo)传·宣公(gong)四年》曰“染(ran)指于鼎”。
襄公立(li),将(jiang)尽去缪(mou)氏。缪(mou)氏者,杀灵公子公之(zhi)族家也。去疾曰:“必去缪(mou)氏,我将(jiang)去之(zhi)。”乃止。皆以为(wei)大(da)夫。
襄公元(yuan)年(nian),楚(chu)怒郑(zheng)受宋赂纵(zong)华元(yuan)①,伐(fa)郑(zheng)。郑(zheng)背楚(chu),与晋亲。五年(nian),楚(chu)复伐(fa)郑(zheng),晋来救之。六年(nian),子家卒,国人复逐族,以弑灵之也(ye)。
七年(nian)(nian),郑(zheng)(zheng)与晋(jin)(jin)盟鄢陵(ling)。八(ba)年(nian)(nian),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)庄(zhuang)王(wang)以(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)(zheng)与晋(jin)(jin)盟,来伐,围郑(zheng)(zheng)三月,郑(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)城降楚(chu)(chu)(chu)。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)入自皇门②,郑(zheng)(zheng)襄公(gong)肉袒(tan)羊以(yi)(yi)迎③,曰:“孤不(bu)(bu)能(neng)事(shi)边邑,使(shi)(shi)君王(wang)怀(huai)怒以(yi)(yi)及弊邑,孤之罪也(ye)(ye)。敢(gan)不(bu)(bu)惟(wei)命(ming)(ming)是(shi)听。君王(wang)迁之江南,及以(yi)(yi)赐诸侯,亦惟(wei)命(ming)(ming)是(shi)听。若君王(wang)不(bu)(bu)忘(wang)厉、宣(xuan)王(wang)、桓、武(wu)公(gong),哀不(bu)(bu)忍绝社稷,锡不(bu)(bu)毛之地④,使(shi)(shi)复得改事(shi)君王(wang),孤之愿也(ye)(ye),然(ran)非所(suo)敢(gan)望也(ye)(ye)。敢(gan)布腹(fu)心(xin)⑤,惟(wei)命(ming)(ming)是(shi)听。”庄(zhuang)王(wang)为却三十里而(er)后舍。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)群臣曰:“自郢至此,士大夫亦久(jiu)劳矣(yi)。今(jin)得国舍之,何(he)如?”庄(zhuang)王(wang)曰:“所(suo)为伐,伐不(bu)(bu)服也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)已(yi)服,尚何(he)乎?”卒(zu)去。晋(jin)(jin)闻(wen)(wen)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)之伐郑(zheng)(zheng),发兵(bing)救郑(zheng)(zheng)。来持两(liang)端(duan)⑥,故迟,比至河(he),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)兵(bing)已(yi)去。晋(jin)(jin)将(jiang)率或欲渡⑦,或欲还(hai)(hai),卒(zu)渡河(he)。庄(zhuang)王(wang)闻(wen)(wen)还(hai)(hai)击晋(jin)(jin)。郑(zheng)(zheng)反助楚(chu)(chu)(chu),大破(po)晋(jin)(jin)军(jun)于河(he)上。十年(nian)(nian),晋(jin)(jin)来伐郑(zheng)(zheng),以(yi)(yi)反晋(jin)(jin)而(er)亲楚(chu)(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)。
①纵:释(shi)放。 ②皇门:郑国城门。 ③:通(tong)“牵”。④锡:赐。 ⑤布:陈述。 ⑥持(chi)两(liang)端(duan):犹(you)豫不决。 ⑦率:通(tong)“帅(shuai)”。
十(shi)一(yi)年,楚(chu)庄王(wang)(wang)伐(fa)(fa)宋(song)(song),宋(song)(song)告急于晋(jin)(jin)。晋(jin)(jin)景公欲发兵(bing)救(jiu)宋(song)(song),伯宗谏(jian)晋(jin)(jin)君(jun)(jun)曰(yue):“天方开楚(chu)①,未(wei)可伐(fa)(fa)也。”乃求壮士得(de)霍人(ren)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬,字子虎,诓楚(chu)6②,令宋(song)(song)毋楚(chu)。过(guo)郑,郑与(yu)(yu)楚(chu)亲,乃执解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬而(er)献(xian)楚(chu)。楚(chu)王(wang)(wang)厚(hou)赐与(yu)(yu)约(yue)(yue),使反言,令宋(song)(song)趣降③,三要乃许。于是登解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬楼车④,令呼宋(song)(song)。遂负楚(chu)约(yue)(yue)而(er)致晋(jin)(jin)君(jun)(jun)命(ming)曰(yue)⑤:“晋(jin)(jin)方悉(xi)国兵(bing)以(yi)救(jiu)宋(song)(song),宋(song)(song)虽急,慎毋降楚(chu)。晋(jin)(jin)兵(bing)今至(zhi)矣(yi)!”楚(chu)庄王(wang)(wang)大怒,将(jiang)杀之(zhi)。解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬曰(yue):“君(jun)(jun)能命(ming)为(wei)义⑥,臣能承(cheng)命(ming)为(wei)信(xin)(xin)⑦。爱吾君(jun)(jun)命(ming)以(yi)出(chu),有死(si)无陨⑧。”庄王(wang)(wang)曰(yue):“若之(zhi)许我(wo),已(yi)而(er)背之(zhi),其信(xin)(xin)安在?”解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬曰(yue):“所以(yi)许王(wang)(wang),欲以(yi)成吾君(jun)(jun)命(ming)也。”将(jiang)死(si),顾谓楚(chu)军曰(yue):“为(wei)人(ren)臣无忘尽忠得(de)死(si)者!”楚(chu)王(wang)(wang)诸(zhu)弟(di)皆谏(jian)王(wang)(wang)赦之(zhi),于是赦解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬使归(gui)。
十八年,襄公卒,子悼(dao)公立。
悼(dao)公元年,公恶郑(zheng)于楚(chu)(chu),悼(dao)公使弟于楚(chu)(chu)自讼。论(lun)不直⑨,楚(chu)(chu)囚。于是郑(zheng)悼(dao)公来与晋(jin)平,遂(sui)亲。私(si)于楚(chu)(chu)子(zi)反(fan),子(zi)反(fan)言归(gui)于郑(zheng)。
二(er)年,楚伐郑(zheng),晋兵来救。是岁,悼公卒,立其弟,是为(wei)成公。
①开:开拓,扩大。 ②诓:骗。 ③趣(qu)(cù,促):赶快。 ④楼车(che):古代兵车(che)之一种,即没有望楼用以了望敌(di)人(ren)的(de)战车(che)。又称“巢车(che)”,状高如(ru)鸟巢,用以瞭望敌(di)人(ren)。 ⑤致:传达,表达。 ⑥制命(ming):制定与发布命(ming)令。⑦承(cheng)命(ming):接受并贯(guan)彻命(ming)令。 ⑧陨(yun):坠落。 ⑨直(zhi):伸(shen)。
成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)三年;楚共王曰“郑成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)孤有德焉”,使人(ren)来与盟(meng)。成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)私与盟(meng)。秋(qiu),成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)朝晋(jin),晋(jin)曰“郑私平于楚”①,执之。使栾书(shu)伐郑。四年春,郑患(huan)晋(jin)围,公(gong)(gong)子如乃立成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)庶(shu)兄为(wei)君(jun)。其(qi)四月(yue),晋(jin)闻郑立君(jun),乃归成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)。郑人(ren)闻成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)归,亦杀(sha)君(jun),迎成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)。晋(jin)兵去。
十(shi)年,背晋(jin)(jin)盟,盟于楚(chu)(chu)(chu)。晋(jin)(jin)厉公怒,发(fa)兵(bing)伐郑。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)共(gong)王救郑。晋(jin)(jin)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)战鄢陵,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)兵(bing)败,晋(jin)(jin)射伤楚(chu)(chu)(chu)共(gong)王目,俱(ju)罢(ba)而去(qu)。十(shi)三(san)年,晋(jin)(jin)悼公伐郑,兵(bing)于洧上。郑城守,晋(jin)(jin)亦去(qu)。
十四(si)年,成公卒,子恽(yun)立。是为釐公。
①平:讲和。
釐(li)(li)(li)公(gong)五年,郑相子驷朝釐(li)(li)(li)公(gong),釐(li)(li)(li)公(gong)不礼。子驷怒(nu),使厨人(ren)药杀釐(li)(li)(li)公(gong)①,赴诸侯曰“釐(li)(li)(li)公(gong)暴病(bing)卒”②。立釐(li)(li)(li)公(gong)子嘉,嘉时(shi)年五岁,是为(wei)简公(gong)。
简公元年(nian),诸公子谋欲诛(zhu)相(xiang)子驷(si),子驷(si)觉之(zhi)(zhi),反尽诛(zhu)朱子。二年(nian),晋(jin)(jin)伐郑,郑与盟,晋(jin)(jin)去。冬,又(you)(you)与楚(chu)盟。子驷(si)畏诛(zhu),故两亲晋(jin)(jin)、楚(chu)。三年(nian),相(xiang)子驷(si)欲立为(wei)君,公子子孔使尉止(zhi)杀相(xiang)子驷(si)而伐之(zhi)(zhi)。子孔又(you)(you)欲自立。子产曰:“子驷(si)为(wei)不可,诛(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi),今又(you)(you)效之(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)乱无时息也。”于是(shi)子孔从之(zhi)(zhi)而相(xiang)郑简公。
四年,晋(jin)(jin)怒郑(zheng)(zheng)与(yu)楚(chu)盟,伐郑(zheng)(zheng),郑(zheng)(zheng)与(yu)盟。楚(chu)共王救郑(zheng)(zheng)。败晋(jin)(jin)兵。简公(gong)欲与(yu)晋(jin)(jin)平(ping),楚(chu)又(you)囚郑(zheng)(zheng)使(shi)者。
十二(er)(er)年(nian),简公怒相子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孔专(zhuan)国权,诛之(zhi),而以(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产为卿。十九年(nian),简公如晋请卫君还,而封子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产以(yi)六邑(yi)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产让,受其三邑(yi)。二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)年(nian),吴使延陵季(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)于郑,见子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产如旧(jiu)交(jiao),谓子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产曰:“郑之(zhi)执政者侈③,难(nan)将至,政将及子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为政,必以(yi)礼;不(bu)然(ran),郑将败。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产厚遇(yu)季(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)④。二(er)(er)十三年(nian),诸公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)争宠相杀(sha)(sha),又(you)欲杀(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产。公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或谏(jian)曰:“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产仁(ren)人(ren),郑所以(yi)存者子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产也(ye),勿(wu)杀(sha)(sha)!”及止。
①使厨(chu)人(ren)药杀釐公:《年表》云:“子驷使贼夜(ye)杀釐公。” ②赴:报丧。 ③侈:邪行。 ④厚(hou)遇(yu):厚(hou)待。
二(er)(er)十(shi)五年,郑使(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)于晋(jin),问平(ping)公(gong)(gong)疾。平(ping)公(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“卜(bu)而曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)实(shi)沈、台(tai)骀为(wei)崇,史(shi)官莫(mo)知,敢问?”对曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“高辛氏(shi)有二(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi),长曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阏伯(bo),季曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)实(shi)沈,居旷林,不相(xiang)能(neng)也①,日操于戈以(yi)相(xiang)征伐。后帝(di)弗(fu)臧②,迁(qian)阏伯(bo)于商(shang)丘(qiu),主辰(chen)(chen)(chen)③,唐人是因④,故(gu)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)为(wei)商(shang)星(xing)。迁(qian)实(shi)沈于大夏(xia),主参⑤,唐人是因,服(fu)事夏(xia)、商(shang)⑥,其(qi)(qi)季世(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)唐叔虞(yu)⑦。当武王(wang)邑姜方娠(shen)大叔,梦帝(di)谓已:‘余命而子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)虞(yu),乃与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)唐,属之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)参而蕃育其(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙⑧。’及生(sheng)有文在其(qi)(qi)掌曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘虞(yu)’,遂以(yi)命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。及成王(wang)灭唐而国大叔焉⑨。故(gu)参为(wei)晋(jin)星(xing)。由是观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则实(shi)沈。参神也。昔(xi)金(jin)天氏(shi)有裔子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)味,为(wei)玄冥师⑩,生(sheng)允格、台(tai)骀。台(tai)骀能(neng)业(ye)其(qi)(qi)官(11),宣汾、洮(12),障大泽(13),以(yi)处太原(yuan)。帝(di)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)汾川。沈、姒(si)、蓐、黄实(shi)守祀(si)。今晋(jin)主汾川而灭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由是观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则台(tai)骀,汾、洮神也。然是二(er)(er)者不害君(jun)(jun)身。山川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神,则水旱(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(14);日月(yue)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神,则雪霜雨不时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);若(ruo)君(jun)(jun)疾,饮食(shi)哀乐女色所(suo)生(sheng)也。”平(ping)公(gong)(gong)乃叔向(xiang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“善,博物(wu)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)也!”厚为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼于子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)。
①能;亲善。 ②臧:善。 ③主:主持祭祀;辰:指心(xin)宿,二十八宿之(zhi)一。 ④因:沿(yan)袭。 ⑤参(shēn,身):参宿,二十八宿之(zhi)一。⑥服事(shi):诸侯定期进贡,各依服数以(yi)事(shi)天下。 ⑦季(ji)世(shi)(shi):末世(shi)(shi)。⑧属:通“嘱”。托付;蕃:繁殖。 ⑨国:古(gu)代侯王的封地,此为动词(ci)。 ⑩师:长(zhang)也。 (11)业(ye):继承。 (12)宣:发泄,疏(shu)通。 (13)障:修筑堤(di)防。 (14):古(gu)代禳灾之(zhi)祭。
二十七年(nian)夏(xia),郑简公(gong)朝(chao)晋。冬,畏楚(chu)(chu)灵王之强,又朝(chao)楚(chu)(chu),子(zi)产(chan)从。二十八年(nian),郑君病(bing),使(shi)子(zi)产(chan)会诸侯①,与楚(chu)(chu)灵王盟于申,诛齐庄封。
三十六(liu)年,简公(gong)卒(zu),子定公(gong)宁(ning)立(li)。秋,定公(gong)朝晋昭公(gong)。
定公元(yuan)年,楚公子(zi)弃疾弑君灵(ling)王(wang)(wang)而自立,为平王(wang)(wang)。欲行德(de)诸侯,归灵(ling)王(wang)(wang)所侵郑(zheng)地于郑(zheng)。
四年,晋(jin)昭公(gong)卒,其六卿强,公(gong)室卑。子产谓(wei)韩宣子曰:“为(wei)政必以德(de),毋忘所(suo)以立。”
六年,郑火(huo),公欲禳(rang)之②。子产(chan)曰:“不如修德。”
八年(nian),楚太子建来奔。十年(nian),太子建与晋(jin)谋袭郑。郑杀建,建子胜奔吴(wu)。
十一年(nian),定公如晋(jin)。晋(jin)与郑(zheng)谋,诛周乱(luan)臣(chen),入敬王(wang)于(yu)周。
十三年(nian),定公(gong)卒(zu),子献公(gong)虿立(li)。以十三年(nian)卒(zu),子声公(gong)胜立(li)。当是(shi)时,晋六(liu)卿强,侵六(liu)郑(zheng)(zheng),郑(zheng)(zheng)遂弱。
①据《春(chun)秋·昭公四年》载(zai),郑伯会(hui)于(yu)申,无病使子产事。 ②禳(rang):祭祷消灾。
声公(gong)(gong)五年,郑相子产(chan)卒,郑人皆哭泣,悲之如(ru)亡亲戚。子产(chan)者,郑成公(gong)(gong)少子也。为人爱人,事(shi)君忠厚(hou)。孔子尝过郑,与子产(chan)如(ru)兄弟(di)云。及闻子产(chan)死,孔子为泣曰:“古之遗爱也①!”
八年,晋范、中(zhong)行(xing)氏反晋,告急于郑(zheng),郑(zheng)救之。晋伐(fa)郑(zheng),败郑(zheng)军于铁(tie)。
十四年,宋景(jing)公灭曹。二(er)十年,齐(qi)田常弑(shi)其君(jun)简公,而常相(xiang)于(yu)齐(qi),二(er)十二(er)年,楚(chu)惠王(wang)灭陈。孔(kong)子卒。
三(san)十六年,晋知伯伐郑,取九邑。
三(san)十七年(nian),声公(gong)卒,子(zi)(zi)哀(ai)公(gong)立。哀(ai)公(gong)八年(nian),郑(zheng)(zheng)人弑公(gong)而立声公(gong)弟(di)丑,是为共公(gong)。共公(gong)三(san)年(nian),三(san)晋灭知伯。三(san)十一年(nian),共公(gong),子(zi)(zi)幽公(gong)已立。幽公(gong)元(yuan)年(nian),韩武子(zi)(zi)伐郑(zheng)(zheng),杀幽公(gong)。郑(zheng)(zheng)人立幽公(gong)弟(di)骀,是为公(gong)。
①《集(ji)解》曰:“子(zi)产见受,有古人遗也。”
公(gong)十(shi)五年,韩(han)景侯伐郑,取(qu)雍丘(qiu)。郑城京。
十六年(nian),郑(zheng)伐韩,败韩兵于负黍。二(er)十年(nian),韩、赵、魏列为诸(zhu)侯。二(er)十三年(nian),郑(zheng)围韩之阳翟。
二(er)十(shi)五年,郑(zheng)君杀(sha)其(qi)相子阳(yang)。二(er)十(shi)七年,子阳(yang)之党共弑公骀而立幽公弟乙为(wei)(wei)君,是为(wei)(wei)郑(zheng)君。
郑君乙立二年,郑负(fu)黍反,复归韩。十一年,韩伐(fa)郑,取(qu)阳城。
二十一年,韩哀侯灭郑(zheng),并(bing)其国。
太史公(gong)曰:语有之(zhi),“以(yi)权利(li)合者①,权利(li)尽(jin)而(er)交(jiao)疏”,甫(fu)瑕是也。甫(fu)瑕虽以(yi)劫杀郑子内厉公(gong),厉公(gong)终(zhong)背而(er)杀之(zhi),此(ci)与晋(jin)之(zhi)里克何(he)异?守(shou)节如荀息,身(shen)死(si)而(er)不能存奚齐(qi)。变所从来。亦多故(gu)矣!
①合:融洽。
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